sucrose profile

Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Saccharum	genus	A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.[MeSH]	Poaceae	A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5988
CHEMBL ID	253582
CHEBI ID	17992
CHEBI ID	65313
MeSH ID	M0020722

Synonym
sacharose
sacarosa
table sugar
CHEBI:17992 ,
beta-d-fruf-(2<->1)-alpha-d-glcp
beta-d-fructofuranosyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside
white soft sugar (jp17)
sugar, confectioner's (nf)
sucrose (jp17/nf)
sugar spheres (nf)
D00025
sucrose, purified
sucrose (tn)
sugar, compressible (nf)
sucrose, puriss., meets analytical specification of ph. eur., bp, nf
saccharum
confectioner's sugar
nsc-406942
microse
nci-c56597
rock candy
d-sucrose ,
white sugar
amerfond
glc-(1-2)fru ,
alpha-d-glucopyranosylbeta-d-fructofuranoside
fructofuranoside, alpha-d-glucopyranosyl, beta-d
hsdb 500
ccris 2120
amerfand
rohrzucker
(alpha-d-glucosido)-beta-d-fructofuranoside
sucrose, pure
glucopyranoside, beta-d-fructofuranosyl, alpha-d
ai3-09085
alpha-d-glc-(1-2)-beta-d-fru
beta-d-fructofuranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
alpha-d-glucopyranoside, beta-d-fructofuranosyl-
sucrose, dust
d(+)-saccharose
nsc 406942
sucrose [usan:jan]
d(+)-sucrose
sucraloxum [inn-latin]
1-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-d-fructofranoside
alpha-d-glucopyranosyl beta-d-fructofuranoside
einecs 200-334-9
saccharose
glc(alpha1->2beta)fru
1-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-d-fructofuranoside
beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
57-50-1
cane sugar
C00089
SUGAR ,
SUCROSE ,
sucrose, >=99.5% (gc)
sucrose, bioxtra, >=99.5% (gc)
sucrose, meets usp testing specifications
sucrose, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, >=99.5% (gc)
sucrose, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (gc)
sucrose, for electrophoresis, >99%
sucrose, >=99.5%
sucrose, analytical standard
sucrose, acs reagent
sucrose, grade i, plant cell culture tested
sucrose, grade ii, plant cell culture tested
DB02772
1AF6
NCGC00164248-01
sucrose, bioultra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (hplc)
s-67f
CHEMBL253582
gne-410
85456-51-5
92004-84-7
87430-66-8
86101-30-6
BMSE000119
8027-47-2
8030-20-4
bdbm50108105
frost sugar
manalox as
(+)-sucrose
S0111
d-(+)-saccharose
d-(+)-sucrose
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
NCGC00164248-02
NCGC00164248-03
BMSE000804
dtxcid101288
dtxsid2021288 ,
NCGC00258948-01
tox21_300410
NCGC00254237-01
tox21_112093
tox21_201397
cas-57-50-1
BMSE000918
S3598
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
unii-c151h8m554
sucrose [jan:nf]
c151h8m554 ,
sucraloxum
sucrose [mi]
sucrose [jan]
saccharum officinale [hpus]
sucrose [hsdb]
sucrose [usp-rs]
saccharum officinale
.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside, .beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-
sucrose [inci]
sucrose [who-dd]
sucrose [ep impurity]
sucrose [nf]
sucrose [ep monograph]
.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside
refined sugar
sugar, white
sucrose [ii]
sucrose (constituent of cranberry liquid preparation) [dsc]
sucrose [vandf]
sugar [vandf]
sucrose [fcc]
EPITOPE ID:153236
CHEBI:65313
gtpl5411
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N
AKOS024306988
sucrose\|?-d-fructofuranosyl ?-d-glucopyranoside
wurcs=2.0/2,2,1/[ha122h-2b_2-5][a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-2/a2-b1
sucrose, molecular biology grade
sucrose, ultrapure
d-saccharose
alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-fructofuranoside
J-519846
sucrose, for microbiology, acs reagent, >=99.0%
sr-01000883983
SR-01000883983-1
compressible sugar, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
sucrose, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
sucrose, reagent grade
sucrose, saj first grade
sucrose, jis special grade
sucrose, cell culture tested
D70407
sucrose, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), acs reagent
sucrose, usp
sucrose, lr
sucrose, vetec(tm) reagent grade, rnase and dnase free
carbon isotopes in sucrose, nist(r) rm 8542, iaea-ch-6 sucrose
sucrose, analytical standard, for enzymatic assay kit sca20
sucrose, p.a., acs reagent
sucrose, ar
sucrose, nist(r) srm(r) 17f, optical rotation
sucrose, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
sucrose, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 99%
saccarose
b -d-fructofuranosyl a-d-glucopyranoside
HY-B1779
CS-0013810
sucrose, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard
\|a-d-glucopyranoside,\|a-d-fructofuranosyl
sucrose biochemical grade
a-d-glucopyranosyl a-d-fructofuranoside
Q4027534
compressible sugar
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-(((2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol
sucrose,ultrapure
sugar,(s)
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-((2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ylhydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-((2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol
NCGC00164248-05
sucrose acs grade
d-saccharose 1000 microg/ml in methanol
sucrose (for injection)
EN300-126630
sucrose (ii)
sucrose (ep impurity)
a-5
sucrose (ep monograph)
dyspepsia headache
sucrose (usp-rs)
sucrose (constituent of cranberry liquid preparation)
beetsugar
sucraloxum (inn-latin)
Z1589255958
d-saccharose 20000 microg/ml in water

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Daily observations, feed consumption and body weights, ophthalmoscopic examinations, organ weights, serum chemistry, haematology, urinalysis and histopathological evaluations revealed no evidence of any adverse effects associated with olestra ingestion."	( Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of olestra in Fischer 344 rats. Bolte, HF; Bruce, RD; Knezevich, AL; Maurer, JK; Tierney, WJ; Wood, FE, 1991)	0.28
" Thus, sucrose-rich but not glucose-rich diets have two adverse effects in uraemia: a deterioration in nutritional status, perhaps related to abnormal fructose utilisation, and a long-term effect on the kidney, resulting in accelerated renal deterioration."	( Adverse effects of sucrose-rich diets on uraemic rats. Broyer, M; Burtin, M; Hinglais, N; Kleinknecht, C; Lacour, B; Landais, P; Laouari, D, 1990)	0.28
" Also, glycerol at high osmolality was not toxic and did not induce aberrations, probably because rapid equilibration across the cell membrane precluded severe osmotic stress to the cells."	( Effects of high osmotic strength on chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and DNA strand breaks, and the relation to toxicity. Armstrong, MJ; Bean, CL; Bradley, MO; Deasy, DA; Galloway, SM; Kraynak, AR, 1987)	0.27
" No adverse events were noted."	( Safety and optimum concentration of a manganese chloride-based oral MR contrast agent. Bernardino, ME; Mitchell, DG; Morris, M; Small, WC; Weinreb, JC, )	0.13
" These results indicate that olestra is not toxic or carcinogenic when fed to mice at up to 10% of the diet for 2 yr."	( Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of olestra in Swiss CD-1 mice. Atkinson, JE; Knezevich, AL; Lafranconi, WM; Long, PH; Wooding, WL, 1994)	0.29
"4% of the mothers could prepare the solution within the safe limits of sodium concentrations (30 to 100 mmol/l)."	( Factors associated with safe preparation and home use of sugar-salt solution. Biswas, E; Chakma, DB; Islam, MA; Rahman, AK, 1994)	0.29
" Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies were conducted to determine whether olestra could form genotoxic or toxic breakdown products during simulated commercial use."	( Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies with heated olestra. Aardema, MJ; Allgood, GS; Long, PH; Thompson, ED; Williams, GM, 1996)	0.29
" On repeated feeding in dogs, SAIB caused increases in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, but enzymes indicative of toxic effects on the liver were unaffected."	( Sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB): historical aspects of its use in beverages and a review of toxicity studies prior to 1988. Chappel, CI; Reynolds, RC, 1998)	0.3
" Similarly, no mutagenic response was observed at doses up to 1000 microg/ml at the HGPRT locus in cultured CHO cells; SAIB was toxic and its solubility limit was exceeded at 50 microg/ml."	( Lack of genotoxic effects of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB). Cifone, MA; Ivett, JL; Lawlor, TE; Myhr, BC; Young, RR, 1998)	0.3
" It causes a dose-responsive decrease in the availability of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K; however, this potentially adverse effect is offset by the addition of vitamins to olestra-containing foods."	( Review article: olestra and its gastrointestinal safety. Hunt, RH; Thomson, AB; Zorich, NL, 1998)	0.3
" From 1976 to 1996, there were 74 allergic adverse events reported for sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose to the World Health Organization (WHO), German Health Bureau, and the manufacturer (all combined)."	( Sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose: safer intravenous iron therapy than iron dextrans. Faich, G; Strobos, J, 1999)	0.3
" In comparison with 25 matched control patients, adverse events could not be linked to drug therapy, nor was there a dose effect."	( Sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose is safe and effective in hemodialysis patients: North American Clinical Trial. Lindsay, RM; Nissenson, AR; Seligman, P; Strobos, J; Swan, S, 1999)	0.3
" Ibuprofen may be a suitable candidate for sustained release formulations since its effect may be prolonged without the danger of a shift of side effect from the upper to the lower GI tract."	( Evaluation of gastrointestinal toxicity of ibuprofen using surrogate markers in rats: effect of formulation and route of administration. Jamali, F; Khazaeinia, T, )	0.13
"27% of infusions were associated with any drug-related adverse event."	( Sucrose formulated recombinant human antihemophilic factor VIII is safe and efficacious for treatment of hemophilia A in home therapy--International Kogenate-FS Study Group. Abshire, TC; Brackmann, HH; Gazengel, C; Gorina, E; Hoots, K; Kellermann, E; Powell, JS; Scharrer, I; Vosburgh, E, 2000)	0.31
"Individual case reports have documented nephrotoxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations, but the true incidence of renal dysfunction is unknown and many data sheets do not include renal impairment as a side-effect of these preparations."	( Nephrotoxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin. Levy, JB; Pusey, CD, 2000)	0.31
" Twenty-one adverse events were observed in 12 patients in the total 1541 infusions included in the safety analysis."	( Safety and efficacy of a new recombinant FVIII formulated with sucrose (rFVIII-FS) in patients with haemophilia A: a long-term, multicentre clinical study in Japan. Fukutake, K; Shima, M; Shirahata, A; Takamatsu, J; Yoshioka, A, 2001)	0.31
" These results indicate that S-570 is not toxic or carcinogenic when fed to rats at up to 5% of the diet for 2 years."	( Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of sucrose fatty acid esters in Fischer 344/DuCrj rats. Flood, M; Takeda, K, 2002)	0.31
" Few adverse events occurred (n = 6), and none of them required medical or nursing interventions."	( Efficacy and safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief in preterm and term neonates. Darlington, G; Gibbins, S; Hodnett, E; Ohlsson, A; Pinelli, J; Stevens, B, )	0.13
" Addition of polyamines prevents the toxic effect of oxygen, permitting cell survival and optimal growth."	( Polyamines protect Escherichia coli cells from the toxic effect of oxygen. Chattopadhyay, MK; Tabor, CW; Tabor, H, 2003)	0.32
" The influence of GA was determined by examining the short-term safety, as defined by the number of associated adverse events (choking, coughing or vomiting, sustained tachycardia, sustained tachypnea or dyspnea, or sustained oxygen desaturation)."	( The influence of gestational age on the efficacy and short-term safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief. Gibbins, S; Stevens, B, 2003)	0.32
" The greatest number of short-term adverse effects to treatment occurred in the lowest GA group."	( The influence of gestational age on the efficacy and short-term safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief. Gibbins, S; Stevens, B, 2003)	0.32
" However, infants of lower GA experienced more adverse events."	( The influence of gestational age on the efficacy and short-term safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief. Gibbins, S; Stevens, B, 2003)	0.32
" Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that S-170 has neither toxic nor carcinogenic activity in F344 rats under the conditions of the study."	( Lack of toxicity or carcinogenicity of S-170, a sucrose fatty acid ester, in F344 rats. Katsuda, S; Maekawa, A; Nakae, D; Yoshida, M, 2004)	0.32
"We have not observed any adverse reactions upon iron administration."	( [Safety and usefulness of parenteral iron in the management of anemia due to hip fracture in the elderly]. Cuenca Espiérrez, J; García Erce, JA; Martínez Martín, AA; Modrego Aranda, FJ; Solano, VM, 2004)	0.32
"Parenteral administration of iron could be a safe and effective way to avoid or reduce allogeneic blood transfusions in THF patients."	( [Safety and usefulness of parenteral iron in the management of anemia due to hip fracture in the elderly]. Cuenca Espiérrez, J; García Erce, JA; Martínez Martín, AA; Modrego Aranda, FJ; Solano, VM, 2004)	0.32
" Sucrose octanoate topically applied was equally toxic to brown citrus aphid adults and nymphs with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 356 to 514 and 1029 to 1420 ppm, respectively."	( Sucrose octanoate toxicity to brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Hunter, WB; McKenzie, CL; Puterka, GJ; Weathersbee, AA, 2004)	0.32
" Results showed that the toxic effect of cryoprotectant on oocytes generally increased with increasing concentration."	( Studies on cryoprotectant toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes. Plachinta, M; Rawson, DM; Zhang, T, )	0.13
" Sucrose, with and without pacifiers, is effective and safe for relieving pain from single painful events."	( Consistent management of repeated procedural pain with sucrose in preterm neonates: Is it effective and safe for repeated use over time? Beyene, J; Gibbins, S; Narciso, J; Petryshen, P; Stevens, B; Stinson, J; Yamada, J, )	0.13
" Also, at a routine heel lance at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of life, data were collected to determine efficacy and immediate and long-term adverse events."	( Consistent management of repeated procedural pain with sucrose in preterm neonates: Is it effective and safe for repeated use over time? Beyene, J; Gibbins, S; Narciso, J; Petryshen, P; Stevens, B; Stinson, J; Yamada, J, )	0.13
" No group differences existed for adverse events, clinical outcomes, or neurobiological risk status."	( Consistent management of repeated procedural pain with sucrose in preterm neonates: Is it effective and safe for repeated use over time? Beyene, J; Gibbins, S; Narciso, J; Petryshen, P; Stevens, B; Stinson, J; Yamada, J, )	0.13
"Consistent management of painful procedures with sucrose plus pacifier was effective and safe for preterm neonates during their stay in the NICU."	( Consistent management of repeated procedural pain with sucrose in preterm neonates: Is it effective and safe for repeated use over time? Beyene, J; Gibbins, S; Narciso, J; Petryshen, P; Stevens, B; Stinson, J; Yamada, J, )	0.13
" Medical record review was also used to identify possible adverse events."	( Safety of high-dose iron sucrose infusion in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease. Foote, EF; Hollands, JM; Rodriguez, A; Rothschild, J; Young, S, 2006)	0.33
" Twenty adverse events were judged as possibly related to iron sucrose administration and included nausea (n = 8 events), reduced blood pressure (n = 4), vomiting (n = 2), dysgeusia (n = 2), constipation (n = 2), fatigue (n = 1), and anxiety (n = 1)."	( Safety of high-dose iron sucrose infusion in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease. Foote, EF; Hollands, JM; Rodriguez, A; Rothschild, J; Young, S, 2006)	0.33
" infusion of iron sucrose, to deliver elemental iron 300 mg/dose, was associated with adverse events that were relatively uncommon, minor in severity, and unlikely to require medical intervention."	( Safety of high-dose iron sucrose infusion in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease. Foote, EF; Hollands, JM; Rodriguez, A; Rothschild, J; Young, S, 2006)	0.33
" Here we have report that, although expression of Huntingtin derivatives with a pathological poly(Q) expansion are innocuous in yeast, deletion of the flanking proline-rich region alters the shape and number of poly(Q) inclusions and unmasks toxic properties."	( Critical role of the proline-rich region in Huntingtin for aggregation and cytotoxicity in yeast. Bertolotti, A; Dehay, B, 2006)	0.33
" Only one treatment-related adverse event was reported, which was mild dizziness that resolved spontaneously."	( Safety and efficacy of a sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII product for the treatment of previously treated patients with haemophilia A in China. Shi, J; Sun, J; Wang, L; Wu, J; Yang, R; Zhao, Y, 2007)	0.34
" Four of the five patients who reported possible drug-related adverse effects developed inhibitors."	( Safety and efficacy of sucrose-formulated full-length recombinant factor VIII: experience in the standard clinical setting. Faradji, A; Gorina, E; Ingerslev, J; Iorio, A; Lambert, T; Maas-Enriquez, M; Musso, R; Santagostino, E; van der Meer, J, 2008)	0.35
" Sugarcane grown at elevated [CO(2)] had lower leaf g(s) and E and greater leaf WUE, which helped to delay the adverse effects of drought and, thus, allowed the stress plants to continue photosynthesis for at least an extra day during episodic drought cycles."	( Growth at elevated CO(2) delays the adverse effects of drought stress on leaf photosynthesis of the C(4) sugarcane. Allen, LH; Vu, JC, 2009)	0.35
" Our results indicate that biomass particles were at least as toxic as those produced by traffic."	( Comparative respiratory toxicity of particles produced by traffic and sugar cane burning. Faffe, DS; Magalhães, CB; Malm, O; Mazzoli-Rocha, F; Saldiva, PH; Zin, WA, 2008)	0.35
" The aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Al on cell growth, viability, and budding, as the likely result of possible chelating action."	( Use of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate aluminum toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Basso, LC; Converti, A; de Araújo Viana Marques, D; de Souza Oliveira, RP; Rivas Torres, B; Zilli, M, 2009)	0.35
" There were no adverse events, including inhibitor formation, related to rFVIII-FS."	( Stability, efficacy, and safety of continuously infused sucrose-formulated recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII-FS) during surgery in patients with severe haemophilia. Bashari, D; Gorina, E; Lubetsky, A; Luboshitz, J; Martinowitz, U; Ravid, B; Regan, L; Stass, H, 2009)	0.35
" comatus is less toxic to mice than vanadium (V)."	( Comparison of hypoglycemic activity and toxicity of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) absorbed in fermented mushroom of Coprinus comatus. Fu, Q; Ma, Z, 2009)	0.35
" The collective evidence supports the conclusion that the ingredient, sucralose, is safe for use in food and that the sucralose-mixture product, Granulated SPLENDA No Calorie Sweetener, is also safe for its intended use."	( An overview of the safety of sucralose. Grotz, VL; Munro, IC, 2009)	0.35
" Analytical chemical studies and the toxicity of the iodine mustard derivative ruled out the role of chemical reactions yielding differentially toxic species as being responsible for the differences in HD toxicity observed."	( Ionic dependence of sulphur mustard cytotoxicity. Bjarnason, S; Burczyk, A; Lecavalier, P; Nelson, P; Sawyer, TW; Shei, Y; Tenn, C; Vair, C, 2010)	0.36
" These results support the overall conclusion by regulatory and heath agencies that sucralose is safe for its intended use."	( The absence of genotoxicity of sucralose. Brusick, D; Grotz, VL; Hayes, AW; Kruger, CL; Slesinski, R, 2010)	0.36
" This side effect of propranolol solution has not been reported before, and it may result from a sucrose-based excipient of the solution, or decreased salivation caused by beta-adrenergic antagonist effect of propranolol."	( Dental caries as a side effect of infantile hemangioma treatment with propranolol solution. Fernández-Pineda, I; Girón-Vallejo, O; López-Gutiérrez, JC; Méndez, NA; Ruiz Jiménez, JI, )	0.13
" In particular, conversion of amorphous silica to crystalline forms during burning may provide a source of toxic particles."	( The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. Corazzari, I; Dunster, C; Fubini, B; Gazzano, E; Ghigo, D; Grendene, F; Horwell, CJ; Le Blond, JS; Murphy, F; Oppenheimer, C; Tomatis, M; Turci, F; Williamson, BJ, 2014)	0.4
" Given that honey bees are willing to consume food resources containing Se and may not avoid Se compounds in the plant tissues on which they are foraging, they may suffer similar adverse effects as seen in other insect guilds."	( Selenium toxicity to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollinators: effects on behaviors and survival. Hladun, KR; Morton, RR; Mustard, JA; Smith, BH; Trumble, JT, 2012)	0.38
" In the first part we showed that malathion exert its toxic effect on growth (biomass) via."	( Exogenous osmolytes suppresses the toxic effects of malathion on Anabaena variabilis. Bano, F; Fatma, T; Habib, K; Ningthoujam, M; Zutshi, S, 2013)	0.39
" In conclusion, biomass particles were more toxic than those from traffic after repeated exposures."	( Respiratory toxicity of repeated exposure to particles produced by traffic and sugar cane burning. Carvalho, GM; Faffe, DS; Lanzetti, M; Mazzoli-Rocha, F; Saldiva, PH; Silva, LF; Valença, SS; Zin, WA, 2014)	0.4
" Even though accurate quantitative analysis of diacetyl is extremely important in evaluating its possible adverse effects, precise quantitative analysis of diacetyl in foods and beverages, as well as in ambient air, is considerably difficult because it is highly reactive and soluble in water."	( Diacetyl: occurrence, analysis, and toxicity. Shibamoto, T, 2014)	0.4
"Sucrose solution is recommended as relevant pain relief management in neonates during acute painful procedures; however, only a few studies have analyzed the potentially adverse effects of sucrose administration to preterm neonates."	( Examining the side effects of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants: a case-control study. Gaspardo, CM; Linhares, MB; Martinez, FE; Souza, LO; Valeri, BO, 2014)	0.4
" The results from this study suggest that the concentrations of sucralose detected in the environment are well below those required to cause adverse effects to developing aquatic organisms."	( Early life stage (ELS) toxicity of sucralose to fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. Huggett, DB; Stoddard, KI, 2014)	0.4
"Saturated fatty acids are toxic to liver cells and are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis."	( Differential hepatotoxicity of dietary and DNL-derived palmitate in the methionine-choline-deficient model of steatohepatitis. Grenert, JP; Maher, JJ; Pickens, MK; Pierce, AA; Siao, K, 2015)	0.42
" Dietary palmitate becomes toxic when combined with dietary sugar in the MCD model, presumably by enhancing hepatic de novo lipogenesis."	( Differential hepatotoxicity of dietary and DNL-derived palmitate in the methionine-choline-deficient model of steatohepatitis. Grenert, JP; Maher, JJ; Pickens, MK; Pierce, AA; Siao, K, 2015)	0.42
" In the present study, the toxic effects of Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus were examined in the presence of two artificial sweeteners (ASs), acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) by comparing the cell specific growth rate μ and pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) parameters (maximal photosystem II photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm, actual photochemical efficiency Yield, and non-photochemical quenching NPQ) of the algae over a 96-h period."	( Effects of artificial sweeteners on metal bioconcentration and toxicity on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus. Deng, Y; Fan, Y; Gan, Z; Hu, H; Sun, H; Yao, Y; Zhang, P; Zhu, H, 2016)	0.43
" However, ACPB-AgNP showed environmental risks, with toxic effect to the aquatic organism Hydra attenuata (i."	( Activated carbon from pyrolysed sugarcane bagasse: Silver nanoparticle modification and ecotoxicity assessment. Castro, VL; Clemente, Z; Delite, FS; Gonçalves, SPC; Martinez, DST; Strauss, M, 2016)	0.43
" Regarding the clinical outcomes, no study reported adverse effects related to the repeated sucrose administration."	( Efficacy and safety of repeated oral sucrose for repeated procedural pain in neonates: A systematic review. Du, S; Gao, H; Li, F; Li, M; Wang, D; Xu, G; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated."	( Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide compared with sevelamer hydrochloride in Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia: A randomized, open-label, multicentre, 12-week phase III study. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Koiwa, F; Terao, A; Yokoyama, K, 2017)	0.46
" The proportion of patients reporting at least one treatment-emergent adverse event was 86."	( One-year efficacy and safety of the iron-based phosphate binder sucroferric oxyhydroxide in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Covic, AC; Floege, J; Ketteler, M; Lisk, LJ; Mann, J; Rakov, V; Rastogi, A; Spinowitz, B; Sprague, SM, 2017)	0.46
"Safety was evaluated based on the development of adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."	( Long-Term Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of PA21 (Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide) in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients With Hyperphosphatemia: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Study. Akizawa, T; Fukagawa, M; Koiwa, F; Yokoyama, K, 2017)	0.46
" Collectively, critical review of the extensive database of research demonstrates that sucralose is safe for its intended use as a non-caloric sugar alternative."	( Critical review of the current literature on the safety of sucralose. Magnuson, BA; Nestmann, ER; Roberts, A, 2017)	0.46
" Collectively, these results suggest a possible species-specific toxic effect of sucrose on camel embryos, and that avoiding its use either in vitrification or warming solution is critical for establishing an effective protocol."	( Successful pregnancies from vitrified embryos in the dromedary camel: Avoidance of a possible toxic effect of sucrose on embryos. Billah, M; Herrid, M; Skidmore, JA, 2017)	0.46
"Although it has been shown that exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) has been implicated as a potential risk factor for metabolic disease, information on adverse effect of chronic low-dose exposure to nonylphenol (NP), on the development and progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce."	( The adverse effects of chronic low-dose exposure to nonylphenol on type 2 diabetes mellitus in high sucrose-high fat diet-treated rats. He, L; Li, W; Luo, Y; Mengxue, Y; Xu, J; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yu, J, 2018)	0.48
" Moreover, additive toxic effects of NP and HSHFD on pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose metabolism have been identified in rats as well."	( The adverse effects of chronic low-dose exposure to nonylphenol on type 2 diabetes mellitus in high sucrose-high fat diet-treated rats. He, L; Li, W; Luo, Y; Mengxue, Y; Xu, J; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Yu, J, 2018)	0.48
" The proportion of patients reporting serious adverse events (AEs) was 27."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in African American dialysis patients. Covic, AC; Floege, J; Ketteler, M; Rakov, V; Rastogi, A; Sprague, SM; Walpen, S, 2018)	0.48
" Research shows that when heated, sucralose generates toxic products that attack the organism and interact with DNA."	( Sucralose causes non-selective CD4 and CD8 lymphotoxicity via probable regulation of the MAPK8/APTX/EID1 genes: An in vitro/in silico study. Adílio Serpa, É; da Veiga Pereira, L; de Oliveira, LFS; E Chaves, PE; Machado, MM; Pasqualli, T, 2020)	0.56
" However, the presence of several toxic substances can prevent its agricultural application."	( Effects of biostimulation by sugarcane bagasse and coffee grounds on sewage sludges, focusing agricultural use: Microbial characterization, respirometric assessment and toxicity reduction. de Marchi, MRR; Levy, CE; Mazzeo, DEC; Misovic, A; Oehlmann, J; Oliveira, FA, 2020)	0.56
" Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."	( Safety and efficacy of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Abitbol, CL; Ahn, SY; Balgradean, M; Enoiu, M; Fathallah-Shaykh, S; Fila, M; Greenbaum, LA; Jankauskiene, A; Jeck, N; Klaus, G; Nelson, R; Paredes, A; Perrin, A; Stoica, C; Swinford, RD; Wickman, L, 2021)	0.62
"The purpose of this study was to develop a new control method for Drosophila using saccharin sodium dihydrate (saccharin), an artificial sweetener that is safe for humans and the environment, and to elucidate its mode of action."	( Alteration of unfolded protein responses and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Kim, AY; Koh, YH; Mai, LX; Osabutey, AF; Seo, BY, 2021)	0.62
" No severe adverse drug reactions were observed in either the patients receiving FCH or SFOH."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of iron-based phosphate binders, ferric citrate hydrate and sucroferric oxyhydroxide, in hemodialysis patients. Fujino, T; Kaburagi, N; Morimoto, K; Oya, M; Takemitsu, TY; Yamashita, N; Yoshida, T, 2022)	0.72
"The results of the present study suggest that the iron-based phosphate binders, FCH and SFOH, decrease serum phosphate concentrations consistently and are safe to use over the long-term in maintenance hemodialysis patients."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of iron-based phosphate binders, ferric citrate hydrate and sucroferric oxyhydroxide, in hemodialysis patients. Fujino, T; Kaburagi, N; Morimoto, K; Oya, M; Takemitsu, TY; Yamashita, N; Yoshida, T, 2022)	0.72
" The carbohydrate-coated Ag NPs display the same level of toxic ability against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria as bare Ag NPs."	( Influence of glucose, sucrose, and dextran coatings on the stability and toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Ahrenkiel, SP; Fernandes, MM; Lanceros-Mendez, S; Lazić, V; Nedeljković, JM; Sredojević, D; Vukoje, I, 2022)	0.72
" The administration of sucrose has been considered to potentially induce adverse events, which has been controversial."	( Efficacy and safety of combined oral sucrose and nonnutritive sucking in pain management for infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cheng, G; Li, Q; Li, X; Mei, L; Tan, X; Tang, W; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The adverse events were assessed qualitatively."	( Efficacy and safety of combined oral sucrose and nonnutritive sucking in pain management for infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cheng, G; Li, Q; Li, X; Mei, L; Tan, X; Tang, W; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Antimony (Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and excess Sb causes damage to the plant photosynthetic system."	( Toxicity of different forms of antimony to rice plants: Photosynthetic electron transfer, gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, and carbon assimilation combined with metabolome analysis. Feng, R; Li, Z; Liu, H; Liu, Z; Rensing, C; Shen, J; Wu, K; Wu, Z; Yang, J; Zhao, P; Zhu, Y, 2022)	0.72
" The GRADE results suggested that facilitated tucking, kangaroo care, sweet solutions, familiar odour or combined non-pharmacological interventions, such as a combination of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking, were effective and safe in reducing pain from medical procedures in neonates."	( Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for neonatal pain: an overview of systematic reviews. Huang, Z; Leng, H; Luo, X; Shen, Q; Zheng, X, 2022)	0.72
" Her serum iron concentration decreased below the toxic range over the next 14 h, and she was discharged home the next day."	( Decreased Clinical Toxicity and Two-Phase Elimination Kinetics Observed After Intravenous Iron Sucrose Overdose. Brent, J; Furmaga, J; Meadows, J; Weiss, ST, 2022)	0.72
" OBJECTİVE: To investigate the toxic effects of different cryoprotectants and osmotic stress on Awassi ram sperm and to determine the relationship between oxidative and antioxidative status of the sperm."	( Relationship between toxicity of cryoprotectants, osmotic and oxidative stresses in awassi ram sperm. Aydilek, N; Bozkaya, F; Taskin, A; Varisli, O, )	0.13
"Cryoprotectants without other additives have limited protection and glycerol can be toxic to spermatozoa."	( Relationship between toxicity of cryoprotectants, osmotic and oxidative stresses in awassi ram sperm. Aydilek, N; Bozkaya, F; Taskin, A; Varisli, O, )	0.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"3% higher, because sucrose elimination half-life was on average 250 times longer than distribution half-life."	( Estimation of extracellular volume in preterm infants less than 1500 g, children, and adults by sucrose dilution. Bauer, K; De Graaf, SS; Meeuwsen-Van der Roest, WP; Prölss, A; Versmold, H; Zijlstra, WG, 1990)	0.28
" Carrier erythrocytes containing tetracycline reinjected in calves were studied for their pharmacokinetic constants."	( Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline encapsulated in bovine carrier erythrocytes. DeLoach, JR; Wagner, GG, 1984)	0.27
" As part of the demonstration of safety of SAIB as a direct food additive in human diets, a number of metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies have been carried out on SAIB and the constituent compound sucrose octaisobutyrate (SOIB)."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) and sucrose octaisobutyrate (SOIB) in rats, dogs, monkeys or humans: a review. Reynolds, RC, 1998)	0.3
"5 mg/kg), and racemic KT (5 mg/kg) were administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats and plasma samples were collected for 6 h post-dose for pharmacokinetic assessments."	( Stereospecific pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of ketorolac after oral administration of the racemate and optically pure enantiomers to the rat. Aberg, G; Corrigan, BW; Davies, NM; Jamali, F; Lovlin, R, 1999)	0.3
"To develop a viable, single pass rat head perfusion model useful for pharmacokinetic studies."	( An isolated in-situ rat head perfusion model for pharmacokinetic studies. Foster, KA; Mellick, GD; Roberts, MS; Weiss, M, 2000)	0.31
"The metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of sucralose was studied in human volunteers."	( Sucralose metabolism and pharmacokinetics in man. Renwick, AG; Roberts, A; Sims, J; Snodin, DJ, 2000)	0.31
" However, the biological half-life (t1/2) did not differ significantly between the 2 preparations (13."	( Pharmacokinetics, prophylactic effects, and safety of a new recombinant FVIII formulated with sucrose (BAY 14-2222) in Japanese patients with hemophilia A. Fukutake, K; Shima, M; Shirahata, A; Takamatsu, J; Yoshioka, A, 2000)	0.31
" In order to explore the pharmacokinetic properties of DSS so as to further understand its in vivo activities, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of DSS in rat plasma and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in the present study."	( An LC-MS/MS method for determination of 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chang, Q; Chen, Y; Fu, Y; Liu, XM; Pan, RL; Wang, GN, 2009)	0.35
" This post hoc analysis of a Phase 3 study evaluated the pharmacodynamic effects of the iron-based phosphate binder sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFOH) and sevelamer (SEV) carbonate on VDRA activity in dialysis patients."	( Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide and Sevelamer Carbonate on Vitamin D Receptor Agonist Bioactivity in Dialysis Patients. Botha, J; Chong, EM; Covic, AC; Floege, J; Ketteler, M; Rastogi, A; Sprague, SM, 2016)	0.43
" Potential interactions of SFOH and SEV with VDRAs were assessed using serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations as a pharmacodynamic biomarker."	( Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide and Sevelamer Carbonate on Vitamin D Receptor Agonist Bioactivity in Dialysis Patients. Botha, J; Chong, EM; Covic, AC; Floege, J; Ketteler, M; Rastogi, A; Sprague, SM, 2016)	0.43
" This study evaluated whether a relationship exists between N-linked glycosylation patterns of BAY 81-8973 and two other rFVIII (sucrose-formulated rFVIII [rFVIII-FS; Kogenate FS]) and antihemophilic factor (recombinant) plasma/albumin-free method (rAHF-PFM; Advate) and their pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics."	( Increased branching and sialylation of N-linked glycans correlate with an improved pharmacokinetic profile for BAY 81-8973 compared with other full-length rFVIII products. Garger, S; Kates, DS; Shah, A; Teare, JM, 2019)	0.51
" Based on chromogenic assay results from the single-dose phase 1 PK studies, BAY 81-8973 half-life was 15% longer than that for rFVIII-FS and 16% longer than rAHF-PFM."	( Increased branching and sialylation of N-linked glycans correlate with an improved pharmacokinetic profile for BAY 81-8973 compared with other full-length rFVIII products. Garger, S; Kates, DS; Shah, A; Teare, JM, 2019)	0.51
"To investigate the bioequivalence of miglitol orally disintegrating tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers based on pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters."	( Bioequivalence Study of Miglitol Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting Condition Based on Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Parameters. Chen, J; Dong, LC; Fan, YX; He, JC; Wu, JL; Yu, CJ; Zhang, J; Zhang, P; Zhang, XP; Zhao, MX; Zhou, MD; Zhu, FJ, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The aim was to study the effect of substitution of invert sugar for sucrose, in combination with fluoride varnish (Duraphat) treatment twice a year, on caries development in preschool children."	( Effect of partial substitution of invert sugar for sucrose in combination with Duraphat treatment on caries development in preschool children: the Malmö Study. Birkhed, D; Edwardsson, S; Frostell, G; Goldberg, P; Petersson, LG; Priwe, C; Winholt, AS, 1991)	0.28
" The third group received topical treatment with the sodium fluoride varnish combined with a NaF + Mg addition to the diet."	( Caries prevention in rats by fluoride varnish treatment combined with addition of fluoride to dietary sugar. Koskinen, M; Luoma, H; Seppä, L; Syrjänen, S, 1984)	0.27
"The effects of sucrose esters of fatty acids, alone and in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), acetic acid, lactic acid and citric acid, on survival, growth and thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were determined."	( Inhibitory effects of sucrose monolaurate, alone and in combination with organic acids, on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Beuchat, LR; Hathcox, AK; Monk, JD, 1996)	0.29
" The purpose was to evaluate the impact of feeding different supplemental sugars or starch in combination with supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) on the utilization of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay."	( Effects of different supplemental sugars and starch fed in combination with degradable intake protein on low-quality forage use by beef steers. Cochran, RC; Farmer, CG; Heldt, JS; Mathis, CP; Nagaraja, TG; Stokka, GL; Titgemeyer, EC, 1999)	0.3
") once per week for 5 doses in combination with 2,000 international units (IU) EPO (Eprex, Cilag-Janssen), subcutaneously given simultaneously also for 5 doses."	( The effect of i.v. iron alone or in combination with low-dose erythropoietin in the rapid correction of anemia of chronic renal failure in the predialysis period. Agbaria, Z; Baruch, R; Blum, M; Deutsch, V; Iaina, A; Irony, M; Schwartz, D; Silverberg, DS; Steinbruch, S; Yachnin, T, 2001)	0.31
"The present study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with chlorimipramine on the sucrose preference of depressive rats induced by chronic mild stress (CMS)."	( Sucrose preference is restored by electro-acupuncture combined with chlorimipramine in the depression-model rats. Cao, XD; Li, XY; Wu, GC; Yu, J, 2006)	0.33
" We studied the effects of methyl jasmonate in combination with sucrose on defense-related gene expression, stilbene and anthocyanin production in grapevine cell suspensions."	( Effect of methyl jasmonate in combination with carbohydrates on gene expression of PR proteins, stilbene and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine cell cultures. Barrieu, F; Belhadj, A; Cluzet, S; Hamdi, S; Mérillon, JM; Saigne, C; Telef, N, 2008)	0.35
" In the current work, we demonstrate that Gr64f is required in combination with Gr5a for the behavioral response to trehalose and for production of nerve responses to trehalose."	( Gr64f is required in combination with other gustatory receptors for sugar detection in Drosophila. Jiao, Y; Montell, C; Moon, SJ; Ren, Q; Wang, X, 2008)	0.35
"The effect of feeding a mixture of high molecular weight alcohols derived from sugarcane (SCA), both alone and in combination with phytosterols (PS), on changes in plasma lipids, organ cholesterol accumulation, and antioxidant status of Wistar rats was undertaken."	( Effects of high molecular weight alcohols from sugar cane fed alone or in combination with plant sterols on lipid profile and antioxidant status of Wistar rats. Kitts, DD; Kopec, A; Popovich, DG; Zawistowski, J, 2012)	0.38
" Therefore, the potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and selected drugs commonly taken by dialysis patients were investigated."	( Drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and losartan, furosemide, omeprazole, digoxin and warfarin in healthy subjects. Chong, E; Kalia, V; Willsie, S; Winkle, P, 2014)	0.4
"Systemic exposure based on AUC0-∞ for all drugs, and AUC0-24 for all drugs except omeprazole (for which AUC 0-8 h was measured), was unaffected to a clinically significant extent by the presence of sucroferric oxyhydroxide, irrespective of whether sucroferric oxyhydroxide was administered with the drug or 2 h earlier."	( Drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and losartan, furosemide, omeprazole, digoxin and warfarin in healthy subjects. Chong, E; Kalia, V; Willsie, S; Winkle, P, 2014)	0.4
"There is a low risk of drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and losartan, furosemide, digoxin and warfarin."	( Drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and losartan, furosemide, omeprazole, digoxin and warfarin in healthy subjects. Chong, E; Kalia, V; Willsie, S; Winkle, P, 2014)	0.4
"Our study aims to clarify the effects of demecolcine, alone or in combination with sucrose on bovine oocyte protrusion rate, MAPK1 protein level and c-mos gene expression level."	( The effects of demecolcine, alone or in combination with sucrose on bovine oocyte protrusion rate, MAPK1 protein level and c-mos gene expression level. Gao, Y; Jiang, H; Ren, J; Wu, X; Xu, F; Yu, X; Yuan, B; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
"Based on Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing screening, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with separately supervised linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used for non-destructive visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) detection for breed screening of transgenic sugarcane."	( [Vis-NIR spectroscopic pattern recognition combined with SG smoothing applied to breed screening of transgenic sugarcane]. Cao, G; Guo, HS; Liu, GS; Pan, T; Wang, JH, 2014)	0.4
"Vis-NIR spectro- scopic pattern recognition combined with SG smoothing could be used for accurate recognition of transgenic sugarcane leaves, and provided a convenient screening method for transgenic sugarcane breeding."	( [Vis-NIR spectroscopic pattern recognition combined with SG smoothing applied to breed screening of transgenic sugarcane]. Cao, G; Guo, HS; Liu, GS; Pan, T; Wang, JH, 2014)	0.4
"0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP)), or prazosin in combination with propranolol (5 mg/kg (IP); Exp."	( Low-dose prazosin alone and in combination with propranolol or naltrexone: effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and self-administration in the P rat. Czachowski, CL; Verplaetse, TL, 2015)	0.42
" Prazosin in combination with propranolol or naltrexone was more effective than either drug alone and also reduced sucrose-reinforced behaviors."	( Low-dose prazosin alone and in combination with propranolol or naltrexone: effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and self-administration in the P rat. Czachowski, CL; Verplaetse, TL, 2015)	0.42
" The experiments were carried out for 2h using 40 g of supercritical carbon dioxide combined with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 15."	( Supercritical carbon dioxide combined with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and ethanol for the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Corazza, ML; Ramos, LP; Silveira, MH; Vanelli, BA, 2015)	0.42
" Their second derivative spectra amplified the differences and revealed the potentially characteristic IR absorption bands and combined with the correlation coefficient, concluding that 50% ethanol eluate had more ligustilide than other eluates."	( Analysis of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and its active components by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy. Guo, Y; Liu, Y; Lu, L; Lv, B; Meng, Q; Qu, L; Sun, S; Wang, J; Xiang, L; Xiao, Y; Yang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"This work aimed to achieve long-lasting delivery of radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) by sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB)-based in situ forming systems (ISFSs) alone or combined with mono-PEGylation of ROP."	( Delivery of radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide via sucrose acetateisobutyrate-based in situ forming systems alone or combined with itsmono-PEGylation. Feng, Y; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, L; Wu, F; Zheng, X, 2018)	0.48
" We established a method for the identification of natural mature acacia honey with eighteen physicochemical parameters combined with chemometric analysis."	( Discrimination of Natural Mature Acacia Honey Based on Multi-Physicochemical Parameters Combined with Chemometric Analysis. Cao, W; Cheng, N; Gao, H; Liu, C; Ma, T; Zhao, H; Zhu, M, 2019)	0.51
" Here, information on composition and functions of bacterial and fungal communities were evaluated at two phenological stages of sugarcane (six and twelve months, equivalent to the most intensive vegetative stage and to final maturation, respectively) when organomineral fertilizer, combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), was added into the soil."	( Does Organomineral Fertilizer Combined with Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Sugarcane Modulate Soil Microbial Community and Functions? Cardoso, EJBN; Cotta, SR; Estrada-Bonilla, GA; Feiler, HP; Lopes, CM; Matteoli, FP; Rodrigues, YF; Silva, AMM, 2022)	0.72
" Decapitation experiments combined with the transcriptome analysis were designed."	( Decapitation Experiments Combined with the Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of High Temperature on Chrysanthemum Axillary Bud Formation. Ahmad, S; Yang, Q; Yang, Y; Yuan, C; Zhang, Q, 2021)	0.62
" PICRUSt analysis showed that MJ2 combined with biochar promoted metabolic pathways related to substrate degradation and microbial metabolism."	( Bioaugmentation combined with biochar to enhance thermophilic hydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse. Chen, X; Cheng, JR; Hu, BB; Huang, JR; Zhu, MJ, 2022)	0.72
" notoginseng when the adulteration ratio was greater than 30%, demonstrating the possibility of LF-NMR, in combination with pattern recognition, for rapid discrimination of food authenticity."	( Quantitative comparison and rapid discrimination of Panax notoginseng powder and Caulis clematidis armandii using NMR combined with pattern recognition. Chen, H; Dai, T; Ding, Z; Feng, J; Lin, J; Shen, G; Xia, F; Xu, D, 2023)	0.91
" Additionally, erythritol appeared more effective when combined with sucrose in a 1:1 ratio (5% concentration each)."	( Enhancing toxic sugar meals against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by adulterating with erythritol in combination with other active ingredients. Baker, KA; Bibbs, CS; Faraji, A; White, GS, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"10(-4) M acting on the organ from the serosalsurface causes firstly a short increase and then -- a prolonged inhibition of the absorption rate of NaCl -- isotonic fluid from the gall bladder cavity."	( [Effect of noradrenaline on ion and water transport through frog gall bladder epithelium]. Butusova, IA; Iaremenko, MS; Kharlamova, ON; Prokopenko, ON, 1979)	0.26
" At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol."	( Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol, sucrose and sorbitol in rats: a multicompartmental model and recovery study. Grossklaus, R; Herold, M; Klingebiel, L; Krüger, D; Lorenz, S, 1992)	0.28
" Sensitive measures of vitamin K status were unaffected in a population where any significant decrease in phylloquinone bioavailability should have been reflected in those measures, indicating that 20 g olestra/d in the diet did not affect vitamin K status."	( Vitamin K status of free-living subjects consuming olestra. Ebert, ML; Jones, DY; Jones, MB; Koonsvitsky, BP; Lin, PY; Suttie, JW; Will, BH, 1991)	0.28
"The accentuation of deficiency signs in male rats indicates that a high intake (60% of calories) of fructose and sucrose decreases the bioavailability of dietary copper as compared with the bioavailability when starch is the carbohydrate source."	( Dietary carbohydrate source and copper bioavailability. O'Dell, BL, 1990)	0.28
" The literature supports the contention that caecal and renal changes occur frequently in response to feeding poorly absorbed osmotically active substances to rats."	( Renal mineralization--a ubiquitous lesion in chronic rat studies. Lord, GH; Newberne, PM, 1990)	0.28
" It was concluded that the digestion and absorption rate of sucrose shows circadian fluctuations under normal physiological conditions."	( Diurnal change in digestion and absorption of sucrose in vivo in rats. Hara, E; Saito, M, 1989)	0.28
"The influence of three diets (olestra, triglyceride oil, and water) on the bioavailability of a single dose of propranolol, diazepam, norethindrone, and ethinyl estradiol was evaluated."	( Influence of absorbable and nonabsorbable lipids and lipidlike substances on drug bioavailability. Leff, RD; Roberts, RJ, 1989)	0.28
" Dietary complex carbohydrates of various type, including those rich in dietary fiber, which are the cell walls of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, may slow the rate of absorption of glucose from those diets and contribute to a lowering of the postprandial glucose peak."	( Monosaccharides in health and disease. Levine, R, 1986)	0.27
" Fructose appeared to be poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract and did not appear to be converted to glucose."	( Apparent inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary mono- and disaccharides as energy sources. Poe, WE; Wilson, RP, 1987)	0.27
"Fructo-oligosaccharides are naturally occurring sweet substances that are poorly absorbed and have the potential to be clinically useful nonnutritive sweeteners."	( Gaseous response to ingestion of a poorly absorbed fructo-oligosaccharide sweetener. Levitt, MD; Stone-Dorshow, T, 1987)	0.27
" Selection of the iron source entails a compromise between the use of inert compounds which are poorly absorbed and chemically reactive forms with high bioavailability."	( Iron fortification: an update. Cook, JD; Reusser, ME, 1983)	0.27
"The aim of the study was to investigate whether mannitol at amounts relevant to pharmaceutical formulations would alter the oral bioavailability of cimetidine, a drug primarily absorbed from the small bowel."	( The effect of mannitol on the oral bioavailability of cimetidine. Adkin, DA; Davis, SS; Huckle, PD; Sparrow, RA; Wilding, IR, 1995)	0.29
" Using rabbits as an animal model, the absolute bioavailability and the skin irritation were evaluated after single and multiple application."	( Sucrose laurate gels as a percutaneous delivery system for oestradiol in rabbits. De Muynck, C; Eechaute, W; Geerts, ML; Remon, JP; Vandenbossche, G; Vermeire, A, 1996)	0.29
" The potential effect on the bioavailability of phytosterols would be <10% and would not be expected to be of concern inasmuch as the hypothesized benefit of consuming pharmacological amounts of phytosterols is to reduce cholesterol availability, a function also of olestra."	( Evaluation of the potential for olestra to affect the availability of dietary phytochemicals. Cooper, DA; Peters, JC; Webb, DR, 1997)	0.3
" The potential of ODNs for modulating liver-specific genes might be increased by preventing untimely elimination and by improving the local bioavailability of ODNs in the target tissue."	( Targeted delivery of oligodeoxynucleotides to parenchymal liver cells in vivo. Biessen, EA; Bijsterbosch, MK; Fluiter, K; Kuiper, J; Rump, ET; van Berkel, TJ; Vietsch, H, 1999)	0.3
" A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of sorbitol (40 g/day in candy), a poorly absorbed sugar-alcohol with known osmotic effects, with those of olestra (20 or 40 g/day in potato chips), a nonabsorbed fat, on objective measures of stool composition and GI symptoms."	( Effects of olestra and sorbitol consumption on objective measures of diarrhea: impact of stool viscosity on common gastrointestinal symptoms. Bishop, L; Filloon, T; Giannella, R; McRorie, J; Riccardi, K; Wason, S; Zorich, N, 2000)	0.31
" Gastrointestinal effects such as these occur non-specifically in response to high doses of poorly absorbed compounds, and in the present study were considered to be responsible for two maternal deaths and four abortions."	( Sucralose: assessment of teratogenic potential in the rat and the rabbit. Bailey, GP; Kille, JW; McAnulty, PA; Ross, FW; Tesh, JM; Tesh, SA; Wilby, OK; Willoughby, CR, 2000)	0.31
" In contrast, only about 5% of oral doses (10-1000mg/kg) was recovered in the urine, indicating that sucralose is poorly absorbed from the intestinal tract."	( The metabolic fate of sucralose in rats. Daniel, JW; Renwick, AG; Roberts, A; Sims, J, 2000)	0.31
" The present study was designed to determine the potential bioavailability in humans of the anthocyanins of elderberry, mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, and the influence of the simultaneous ingestion of sucrose on the absorption of anthocyanins."	( Urinary excretion of cyanidin glycosides. Mülleder, U; Murkovic, M; Pfannhauser, W, )	0.13
"The bioavailability of lipophilic substrates is critical for biotransformations with isolated enzymes as well as with whole cells."	( Saccharides as efficacious solubilisers for highly lipophilic compounds in aqueous media. Bertau, M; Jörg, G, 2004)	0.32
" Such formulations may improve the bioavailability of SOD and similar biopharmaceuticals."	( Microencapsulation of superoxide dismutase into biodegradable microparticles by spray-drying. Youan, BB, )	0.13
" This simple formula gives a reasonable estimate of the rate of absorption of small droplets."	( Spontaneous adsorption of viscous and viscoelastic fluids by capillaries and porous substrates. Bazilevsky, AV; Kornev, KG; Neimark, AV; Rozhkov, AN, 2003)	0.32
" This notion, however, has been challenged recently by studies on the bioavailability of flavonoids, which indicate that they reach only very low concentrations in human plasma after the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods."	( Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon? Frei, B; Lotito, SB, 2006)	0.33
"The assessment of carotenoid bioavailability has long been hampered by the limited knowledge of their absorption mechanisms."	( Intestinal absorption of dietary carotenoids. Nagao, A; Yonekura, L, 2007)	0.34
" During this study we investigated the alterations in NO synthesis and bioavailability in a model for dietary modulations of insulin sensitivity."	( Nitric oxide bioavailability and not production is first altered during the onset of insulin resistance in sucrose-fed rats. Blouet, C; Huneau, JF; Mariotti, F; Mathe, V; Tome, D, 2007)	0.34
" Evidence indicates that a 12-wk administration of Splenda exerted numerous adverse effects, including (1) reduction in beneficial fecal microflora, (2) increased fecal pH, and (3) enhanced expression levels of P-gp, CYP3A4, and CYP2D1, which are known to limit the bioavailability of orally administered drugs."	( Splenda alters gut microflora and increases intestinal p-glycoprotein and cytochrome p-450 in male rats. Abdel-Rahman, AA; Abou-Donia, MB; El-Masry, EM; McLendon, RE; Schiffman, SS, 2008)	0.35
"We have attempted to micronize drug particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm and maintain the particle size of their suspension to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Preparation of griseofulvin nanoparticle suspension by high-pressure homogenization and preservation of the suspension with saccharides and sugar alcohols. Arakawa, M; Kamiya, S; Kurita, T; Miyagishima, A, 2009)	0.35
" This compound has 78% oral bioavailability in rats and is preferentially distributed into liver (76 times vs plasma) with relatively low brain penetration."	( Potent, orally bioavailable, liver-selective stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitors. Brunn, SA; Chisholm, JW; Chu, N; Glushkov, AI; Hao, J; Koltun, DO; Leung, K; McGregor, MJ; Migulin, VA; Mollova, N; Parkhill, EQ; Vasilevich, NI; Zablocki, J; Zilbershtein, TM, 2009)	0.35
" Ingestion of potato starch increased Ca, Mg, and P excretion into feces and decreased the absorption rate of Ca and Mg."	( Ingestion of potato starch containing high levels of esterified phosphorus reduces calcium and magnesium absorption and their femoral retention in rats. Chiji, H; Fukusima, M; Ishida, K; Kanazawa, T; Machida, A; Mineo, H; Morikawa, N; Noda, T; Ohmi, S, 2009)	0.35
" However, the poor oral bioavailability of NAAG and 2-PMPA limits their practical use in humans."	( Oral administration of the NAALADase inhibitor GPI-5693 attenuates cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in rats. Ashby, CR; Gardner, EL; Li, J; Peng, XQ; Slusher, BS; Thomas, A; Wozniak, K; Xi, ZX, 2010)	0.36
" However, the poor bioavailability of SB-277011A has limited its potential use in humans."	( PG01037, a novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, inhibits the effects of methamphetamine in rats. Gardner, EL; Grundt, P; Higley, AE; Kiefer, SW; Newman, AH; Spiller, K; Xi, ZX, 2011)	0.37
" Oral bioavailability was improved by using syringe feeding with donepezil but not galantamine."	( Alternative method of oral dosing for rats. Atcha, Z; Aw, CC; Browne, ER; Goh, CW; Lim, JS; Neo, AH; Pemberton, DJ; Rourke, C, 2010)	0.36
"In order to enhance the dissolution profile and oral bioavailability of megestrol acetate (MA), solid dispersions of MA (MASDs) were formulated with copovidone and crystal sugar as a hydrophilic polymeric carrier and an inert core bead, respectively."	( Solid dispersion formulations of megestrol acetate with copovidone for enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability. Choi, SU; Choi, YW; Hong, SW; Jeon, HR; Kang, MH; Lee, BS; Lee, J; Moon, KY; Park, SH; Park, SJ; Song, WH, 2011)	0.37
"Preparing OA as SE-stabilized NS particles provides a novel method to enhance saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution rate, bioefficacy and in vivo bioavailability of free OA and/or other potentially useful hydrophobic drugs."	( Formulation, biological and pharmacokinetic studies of sucrose ester-stabilized nanosuspensions of oleanolic Acid. Das, S; Heng, PW; Li, W; Ng, KY, 2011)	0.37
" According to the latest examinations, the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs can be increased significantly by using surfactants or the mixture of surfactants and polymers."	( [The applicability of sucrose laurate in hot-melt technology]. Ambrus, R; Lang, P; Szabóné, RP; Szuts, A, 2011)	0.37
" Fructose area under the curve and maximum concentration, dose-normalized glucose area under the curve and maximum concentration, relative bioavailability of glucose, changes in postprandial concentrations of serum uric acid, and systolic blood pressure maximum levels were higher when HFCS-sweetened beverages were consumed as compared with sucrose-sweetened beverages."	( Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose on the pharmacokinetics of fructose and acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses in healthy subjects. Cheng, J; Frye, RF; Johnson, JA; Johnson, RJ; Le, MT; McFann, KK; Rivard, CJ; Segal, MS, 2012)	0.38
" Poorly absorbed sweet tastants (TIM), which probably expose a greater length of gut to nutrients, result in delayed GLP-1 secretion but not in delayed GIP release."	( Effects of different sweet preloads on incretin hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and postprandial glycemia in healthy humans. Bellon, M; Bound, MJ; Checklin, HL; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Little, TJ; Rayner, CK; Wu, T; Young, RL; Zhao, BR, 2012)	0.38
" Midazolam displayed rapid sublingual absorption (mean t(max) ≤30min from the liquid formulations and 60 min from the solid formulation) with high absolute bioavailability (>68%) from all evaluated formulations."	( The effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and sucrose on the sublingual absorption of midazolam in rabbits. Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Kaartama, R; Kokki, H; Lehtonen, M; Ranta, VP; Savolainen, J; Toljamo, K; Turunen, E, 2012)	0.38
" Since the content of Descemet's membrane is typical of many basement membranes it is possible that they serve throughout the body as formidable barriers to VEGF165 diffusion and tightly regulate its bioavailability and distribution within tissues."	( Facilitated diffusion of VEGF165 through descemet's membrane with sucrose octasulfate. Bach, E; Buczek-Thomas, JA; Chu, CL; Fannon, M; Forsten-Williams, K; Goerges-Wildt, AL; Nugent, MA; Parekh, PP; Zhao, B, 2012)	0.38
"Nitrogen (N) lost from farms, especially as the highly bioavailable dissolved inorganic form, may be damaging Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR)."	( Reducing dissolved inorganic nitrogen in surface runoff water from sugarcane production systems. Armour, JD; Bartley, R; Brodie, JE; Thorburn, PJ; Webster, AJ, 2012)	0.38
"Low water-soluble SEs exhibited slight and/or slow absorption enhancement effects, while L-1695, being highly water-soluble, had good potential to enhance the absorption rate and extent."	( Enhancement potential of sucrose laurate (L-1695) on intestinal absorption of water-soluble high molecular weight compounds. Imura, Y; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Uchida, M, 2012)	0.38
" The Cd bioavailability in soils could be accurately predicted by the CDM-PAAAS-DGT technique, which expanded its applicable area."	( [Predicting the cadmium bioavailability in the soil of sugarcane field based on the diffusive gradients in thin films with binding phase of sodium polyacrylate]. Liu, ZQ; Shen, Y; Song, NN; Wang, FL; Zhang, CB; Zhao, YJ, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, the experimental results from the formulation screening used in our study could be useful for enhancing the bioavailability of sirolimus in preformulation and formulation studies."	( Supersaturatable formulations for the enhanced oral absorption of sirolimus. Cha, KH; Cho, W; Hwang, SJ; Kim, JS; Kim, MS; Park, HJ; Park, J, 2013)	0.39
" Furthermore, dissolution and bioavailability in rats were evaluated compared to a flurbiprofen-loaded commercial product."	( Development of flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution using sucrose. Choi, HG; Kim, DW; Kim, JO; Oh, DH; Yan, YD; Yong, CS, 2014)	0.4
" The results suggested that even though sugarcane waste-products insignificantly promote sugarcane growth, they can be used in agriculture due to the low metal accumulation in sugarcane and the reduction in metal bioavailability in the soil."	( Effects of sugarcane waste-products on Cd and Zn fractionation and their uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Akkajit, P; DeSutter, T; Tongcumpou, C, 2014)	0.4
"The bioavailability of Venofer® and ISA was investigated in both cell types by a ferrozin-based assay."	( Bioavailability and stability of intravenous iron sucrose originator versus generic iron sucrose AZAD. Cornelius, C; Goldenberg, H; Praschberger, M; Scheiber-Mojdehkar, B; Schitegg, M; Sturm, B, 2015)	0.42
"ISA shows identical physico-chemical features and identical bioavailability in vitro."	( Bioavailability and stability of intravenous iron sucrose originator versus generic iron sucrose AZAD. Cornelius, C; Goldenberg, H; Praschberger, M; Scheiber-Mojdehkar, B; Schitegg, M; Sturm, B, 2015)	0.42
" Various delivery methods and staple foods were combined with dried leaves for digestion in order to investigate their impact on the bioavailability of artemisinin and flavonoids."	( Simulated digestion of dried leaves of Artemisia annua consumed as a treatment (pACT) for malaria. Jordan, NJ; Lasin, P; Towler, MJ; Weathers, PJ, 2014)	0.4
" In this study we measured the effects of sugars on non-heme iron bioavailability in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells using ferritin formation as a surrogate marker for iron uptake."	( Sugars increase non-heme iron bioavailability in human epithelial intestinal and liver cells. Christides, T; Sharp, P, 2013)	0.39
" The NS showed much higher dissolution rate, cytotoxicity and bioavailability when compared with the free drug."	( Development and evaluation of optimized sucrose ester stabilized oleanolic acid nanosuspensions prepared by wet ball milling with design of experiments. Heng, PW; Li, W; Ng, KY, 2014)	0.4
" The main conclusions are: (i) ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), the form mostly used in supplements and fortified foods, is apparently absorbed with similar efficiency to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, the main dietary form), (ii) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), the metabolite produced in the liver, and which can be found in foods, is better absorbed than the nonhydroxy vitamin D forms cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, (iii) the amount of fat with which vitamin D is ingested does not seem to significantly modify the bioavailability of vitamin D3, (iv) the food matrix has apparently little effect on vitamin D bioavailability, (v) sucrose polyesters (Olestra) and tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat) probably diminish vitamin D absorption, and (vi) there is apparently no effect of aging on vitamin D absorption efficiency."	( Vitamin D bioavailability: state of the art. Borel, P; Caillaud, D; Cano, NJ, 2015)	0.42
" The reduction in metal bioavailability and other modifications to the substrate induced by the application of biochar may be beneficial to the establishment of a green cover on top of mine soil to aid remediation and reduce risks."	( Cadmium, lead, and zinc mobility and plant uptake in a mine soil amended with sugarcane straw biochar. Abreu, CA; Beesley, L; Melo, LC; Paz-Ferreiro, J; Puga, AP, 2015)	0.42
"The present study was carried out to develop an oral formulation of pranlukast hemihydrate with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability using a surface-modified microparticle."	( Improving dissolution and oral bioavailability of pranlukast hemihydrate by particle surface modification with surfactants and homogenization. Baek, IH; Ha, ES; Jung, Y; Kim, MS; Yoo, JW, 2015)	0.42
" The effects of amendments on metal accumulation in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and soil metal bioavailability were studied in a pot experiment."	( Immobilisation of Cu, Pb and Zn in Scrap Metal Yard Soil Using Selected Waste Materials. Bakar, SA; Hashim, N; Isa, IM; Ishak, CF; Kamari, A; Mohamed, A; Putra, WP; Yusoff, SN, 2015)	0.42
"7 mol/100 mol), absorption rate of volatile fatty acid in the rumen was not affected by treatment."	( Effect of increasing dietary nonfiber carbohydrate with starch, sucrose, or lactose on rumen fermentation and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Gao, X; Oba, M, 2016)	0.43
"This study investigated the effects of sugarcane bagasse compost (SBC) and chicken manure compost (CMC) on the sorption-desorption, leaching and bioavailability of the fungicide penconazole in soil in a laboratory setting."	( Effects of two different organic amendments addition to soil on sorption-desorption, leaching, bioavailability of penconazole and the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Jia, LX; Jiang, L; Lin, JL; Lin, Y; Liu, Y; Pan, B; Yang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"Solid dispersion technology represents a successful approach to addressing the bioavailability issues caused by the low aqueous solubility of many Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs."	( Development of micro-fibrous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs in sucrose using temperature-controlled centrifugal spinning. Barker, SA; Craig, DQM; Marano, S; Missaghi, S; Raimi-Abraham, BT; Rajabi-Siahboomi, A, 2016)	0.43
" (pak choi), to investigate the effect of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), and the health of soil microbiota in a contaminated soil."	( Impact of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on heavy metal availability and microbial activity: A field study. Niazi, NK; Nie, C; Ok, YS; Rinklebe, J; Wang, H; Wen, Y; Xu, S; Xu, X; Yang, X, 2018)	0.48
" Rapid clearance and low ocular bioavailability are drawbacks of conventional ocular treatments."	( Chitosan-Gelatin Hydrogel Crosslinked With Oxidized Sucrose for the Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate. Alsharif, FM; El-Feky, GS; Elshaier, YAMM; Zayed, GM, 2018)	0.48
" However, its rapid elimination and poor bioavailability represent great challenges to pharmaceutical scientists."	( Novel chitosan-based solid-lipid nanoparticles to enhance the bio-residence of the miraculous phytochemical "Apocynin". Abu Hashim, II; Aman, RM; Meshali, MM, 2018)	0.48
" We studied whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) silencing or inhibition in human epileptic brain endothelial cells (EPI-ECs) functionally impacts drug bioavailability across an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by CYP-multidrug transporter (multidrug resistance protein 1, MDR1) mechanisms."	( Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor in human epileptic endothelial cells impacts drug biotransformation in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Bingaman, W; Ghosh, C; Gonzalez-Martinez, J; Hossain, M; Janigro, D; Khan, S; Marchi, N; Mishra, S; Najm, I, 2018)	0.48
"Enzymatic glycosylation of flavonoids is an efficient mean to protect aglycons against degradation while enhancing their solubility, life time and, by extension, their bioavailability which is critical for most of their applications in health care."	( Engineering a branching sucrase for flavonoid glucoside diversification. André, I; Brison, Y; Malbert, Y; Morel, S; Moulis, C; Remaud-Simeon, M, 2018)	0.48
" Nevertheless other compounds as lipids or sugars should be valorized along with polyphenols to improve their bioavailability into highly protected organs as brain or eye."	( Characterization, anti-oxidative effect of grape seed powder and in silico affinity profiling of polyphenolic and extra-phenolic compounds for calpain inhibition. Aouani, E; El Ayed, M; Elkahoui, S; Kadri, S; Limam, F; Mabrouk, M; Mokni, M, 2019)	0.51
" A pot experiment was conducted to examine the efficiency of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse induced biochar on Cd mobility in soil and its bioavailability to spinach in contaminated soil."	( Comparative efficiency of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse biochar reduces the cadmium bioavailability to spinach and enhances the microbial activity in contaminated soil. Asghar, RMA; Azeem, M; Aziz, I; Bashir, S; Gulshan, AB; Iqbal, J; Rehman, M; Rukh, S; Salam, A; Yousaf, M, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The major fibre in fruits and vegetables, pectin, however also decreases the bioavailability of phenolics and carotenoids."	( Ascorbic acid, sucrose and olive oil lipids mitigate the inhibitory effects of pectin on the bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular uptake of ferulic acid and naringenin. Frank, J; Kruger, J; Sus, N, 2020)	0.56
"Enzymatic glycosylation is an efficient way to increase the water solubility and the bioavailability of flavonoids."	( One-pot bi-enzymatic cascade synthesis of puerarin polyfructosides. Amaya-Delgado, L; Arrizon, J; Gschaedler, A; Hernández, L; Morel, S; Musacchio, A; Núñez-López, G; Remaud-Simeon, M, 2020)	0.56
"Acarbose is a poorly absorbed α-glucosidase inhibitor that acts locally in the intestinal tract."	( Acarbose bioequivalence: Exploration of eligible protocol design. Chu, N; Ding, Y; He, Q; Huang, K; Qian, Z; Que, L; Yang, J, 2021)	0.62
"Phytic acid (PA) is a major antinutrient that cannot be digested by monogastric animals, but it can decrease the bioavailability of micronutrients (e."	( Transcriptome analysis identifies differentially expressed genes in the progenies of a cross between two low phytic acid soybean mutants. Fu, X; Jin, H; Yang, Q; Yu, X; Yuan, F, 2021)	0.62
"This study examined the effects of a combination of soybean fiber and α-glycosyl-isoquercitrin (AGIQ) on improving quercetin bioavailability and glucose metabolism in rats fed an obesogenic diet."	( Combination of α-Glycosyl-Isoquercitrin and Soybean Fiber Promotes Quercetin Bioavailability and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Rats Fed a High-Fat High-Sucrose Diet. Hara, H; Hira, T; Trakooncharoenvit, A, 2021)	0.62
" A problem is that the (in-vivo) rate of absorption cannot be directly measured and for that reason, it is frequently substituted by evaluation of the (in-vitro) dissolution."	( In-Vivo Analysis and Model-Based Prediction of Tensides' Influence on Drug Absorption. Babinec, A; Murgaš, J; Pavlovičová, J; Tárník, M; Vitko, A; Vitková, Z, 2021)	0.62
" Thus, we have developed a method of retaining high dissolution rate and, by implication, high bioavailability of nanocrystals from solid formulations."	( Development of Fully Redispersible Dried Nanocrystals by Using Sucrose Laurate as Stabilizer for Increasing Surface Area and Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Prajapati, H; Serajuddin, ATM, 2022)	0.72
" Specifically, l-arabinose, a monosaccharide that is poorly absorbed in the gut and inhibits intestinal sucrase, suppresses diet-induced obesity in mice in the presence of sucrose."	( Cooperative action of gut-microbiota-accessible carbohydrates improves host metabolic function. Akiyama, M; Ejima, R; Fujimura, Y; Gondo, M; Hase, K; Hattori, K; Honme, Y; Inohara, N; Kim, YG; Kimizuka, T; Kimura, I; Núñez, G; Ozaki, S; Sato, H; Seki, N; Suematsu, M; Sugiura, Y; Tomioka, S; Uchiyama, J; Yakabe, K; Yamaguchi, G, 2022)	0.72
"Many organic materials have been used to decrease heavy-metal bioavailability in soil via in-situ remediation due to its high efficiency and easy operation; meanwhile, cheap materials have also been pursued to decrease the cost of remediation."	( The immobilization, plant uptake and translocation of cadmium in a soil-pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) system amended with various sugarcane bagasse-based materials. Dai, Z; Liu, G; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2022)	0.72
" Its low water solubility, absorption, and cellular bioavailability diminish BBR's therapeutic efficacy."	( Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of berberine-entrapped albumin nanoparticles. El-Demellawy, MA; El-Rahman, SSA; Ghareeb, DA; Newairy, AA; Saleh, SR; Younis, FA, 2022)	0.72
" Deleterious effects of dysregulated RAS result in an overproduction of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression."	( Berry consumption mitigates the hypertensive effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet via attenuation of renal and aortic AT Danh, JP; Feresin, RG; Knapp, D; Meister, ML; Najjar, RS; Wanders, D, 2023)	0.91
"Bioremediation techniques utilizing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment have attracted growing attention in recent years, yet substrate bioavailability for SRB is a key factor influencing treatment effectiveness and long-term stability."	( Effects of organic substrates on sulfate-reducing microcosms treating acid mine drainage: Performance dynamics and microbial community comparison. Chai, G; Guo, Y; Jiang, C; Jing, X; Li, H; Li, J; Lin, Y; Meng, H; Wang, D; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
" However, the bitterness, low water-solubility, and low bioavailability of naringin are the main issues limiting its use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries."	( Enhancement of debitterness, water-solubility, and neuroprotective effects of naringin by transglucosylation. Cho, JY; Eom, S; Im, AE; Kim, D; Kim, H; Lee, JH; Nam, SH; Seong, HJ; Yang, KY, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" It is concluded that the metabolic studies indicate the relative safety of perorally administered xylitol at the present dosage levels."	( [Sugar studies at Turku]. Makinen, KK; Scheinin, A, 1977)	0.26
" As a result of enzyme purification, there is an alteration of the dose-response relationship for nitric oxide activation."	( Effects of thiols, sugars, and proteins on nitric oxide activation of guanylate cyclase. Braughler, JM; Mittal, CK; Murad, F, 1979)	0.26
" Individuals were randomly assigned in a double-blind design to aspartame or sucrose in each of five age groups; dosage levels were assigned according to age and weight groups."	( Use of aspartame by apparently healthy children and adolescents. Frey, GH, 1976)	0.26
"The utilization of ternary sugar solid dispersion systems and the incorporation of these systems into tablet dosage forms were investigated."	( Dissolution rates of hydrocortisone and prednisone utilizing sugar solid dispersion systems in tablet form. Allen, LV; Levinson, RS; Martono, DD, 1978)	0.26
" Food and water consumption were dramatically reduced by each test drug at feeding periods immediately following and in some instances up to 4 days after dosing in all 3 groups."	( Comparative effects of various naturally occurring cannabinoids on food, sucrose and water consumption by rats. Knobloch, LC; Sofia, RD, 1976)	0.26
" Full dose-response functions were evaluated over a 1 h period for the following antagonists: naltrexone (general: 1-50 micrograms), nor-binaltorphamine (Nor-BNI, kappa: 1-20 micrograms), beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA, mu: 1-20 micrograms), naltrindole (delta 2: 1-20 micrograms), [D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6]-enkephalin (DALCE, delta 1: 10-40 micrograms) and naloxonazine (mu 1: 10-50 micrograms)."	( Central opioid receptor subtype antagonists differentially alter sucrose and deprivation-induced water intake in rats. Beczkowska, IW; Bodnar, RJ; Bowen, WD, 1992)	0.28
" Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered."	( Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol, sucrose and sorbitol in rats: a multicompartmental model and recovery study. Grossklaus, R; Herold, M; Klingebiel, L; Krüger, D; Lorenz, S, 1992)	0.28
" Foals were assigned randomly to treatments consisting of 20% (wt/vol) solutions of either maltose, lactose, or sucrose, dosed at 1 g/kg of BW, or glucose, dosed at ."	( Use of oral tolerance tests to investigate disaccharide digestion in neonatal foals. Beede, DK; Borum, P; Johnson, EL; Lieb, S; Ott, EA; Rice, L; Wilcox, CJ, 1992)	0.28
" The effects of the temperature change on dose-response curves for fructose, NH4Cl, and GMP were examined using dogs."	( Differential temperature dependence of taste nerve responses to various taste stimuli in dogs and rats. Kurihara, K; Nakamura, M, 1991)	0.28
" The dose-response curve for sugar and caries is approximately sigmoid (S-shaped)."	( Why free sugars consumption should be below 15 kg per person per year in industrialised countries: the dental evidence. Sheiham, A, 1991)	0.28
" Glucose gel or orange juice cannot be recommended, at least in light of our experimental procedure and at the dosage used therein."	( The search for an optimized treatment of hypoglycemia. Carbohydrates in tablets, solutin, or gel for the correction of insulin reactions. Bornet, FR; Desplanque, N; Dhunputh, I; Letanoux, M; Pudar, H; Slama, G; Tchobroutsky, G; Traynard, PY, 1990)	0.28
"We have recently shown by dose-response analyses with resealed erythrocyte ghosts that the channel formed by complement is a monomer of C5b-9 of the composition C5b61C71C81C9n, in which n = 1 for channels permitting passage of sucrose (0."	( The relationship between channel size and the number of C9 molecules in the C5b-9 complex. Mayer, MM; Ramm, LE; Whitlow, MB, 1985)	0.27
" Such systems are suitable for the preparation of solid dosage forms for the purpose of oral administration."	( Solid surfactant solutions of active ingredients in sugar esters. Hahn, L; Sucker, H, 1989)	0.28
" All animals reduced their food intake in response to the dietary adulteration, with evidence of a dose-response effect, but this response did not differ as a function of litter size."	( Effects of early rearing experience on feeding behavior in B6D2F2 mice. Gardner, D; McCutcheon, D; Pelkman, C; Wainwright, PE; Young, C, 1989)	0.28
" In the third experiment, which looked at the dose-response curve for amphetamine-induced taste aversion learning in intact rats and rats with area postrema lesions, it was shown that both groups of rats acquired taste aversions following injection of amphetamine, although the rats with lesions showed a less severe aversion than the intact rats."	( Interactions between radiation and amphetamine in taste aversion learning and the role of the area postrema in amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversions. Hunt, WA; Lee, J; Rabin, BM, 1987)	0.27
" Dose-response studies with T3 indicated that the rapid interaction between T3 and sucrose was limited by the occupancy of the T3 nuclear receptor."	( Rapid synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and carbohydrate on mRNAS14 induction. Mariash, CN; Oppenheimer, JH; Schwartz, HL; Seelig, S, 1986)	0.27
" The magnitude of the activating effect depended on the dosage and time after morphine administration."	( [Mechanism of the stimulating effect of sucrose in the small intestine as affected by morphine]. Itina, LV, 1987)	0.27
" The dose-response curve for the enhancement of fluid-phase endocytosis by insulin was identical with that for the stimulation of hexose transport, as measured by the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose."	( Insulin stimulates fluid-phase endocytosis and exocytosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Appleman, JR; Frost, SC; Gibbs, EM; Lane, MD; Lienhard, GE, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship was log-linear between 270 and 320 mOsm/kg."	( Calcium and osmotic stimulation in renin release from isolated rat glomeruli. Skøtt, O, 1986)	0.27
"The present work examined the generalizability of the anhedonia phenomenon (extinction-like responding with repeated neuroleptic treatment) by examining the effects of pimozide (PIM) on nondeprived rats lever pressing for a sucrose solution reward (32%) in an eight day dosing regime."	( Some effects of pimozide on nondeprived rats' lever pressing maintained by a sucrose reward in an anhedonia paradigm. Fowler, SC; Gramling, SE; Tizzano, JP, 1987)	0.27
" Thus, it appeared that the effect of food deprivation was to shift the amphetamine dose-response curve to the right."	( Effect of amphetamine on sucrose-reinforced lever pressing: interaction with food deprivation. Samson, HH, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response curve of norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes was not sigmoidal but biphasic in nature."	( Bimodal effect of insulin on hormone-stimulated lipolysis: relation to intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenylic acid and free fatty acid levels. Angel, A; Desai, KS; Li, KC, 1973)	0.25
" The immune response in guinea pigs was better when the nonformalinized vaccine was used and the dosage was 2,500 hemagglutinating units per injection (0."	( Large-scale purification of rubella virus and preparation of an experimental split rubella virus vaccine. Väänänen, P; Vaheri, A, 1971)	0.25
" While it may be possible to demonstrate the apparent saturation of the cell surface with multiple doses of virus, an increase of the concentration of the dosing suspension results in more virus attachment."	( The attachment of the foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia I Iran 1/73 to BHK suspension cells does not require virus specific cell receptors. Murdin, A; Spier, RE; Whittle, CJ, 1983)	0.27
" In the retinas of controls, dosage with ICI 105552 reduced the concentration of sorbitol by 36% without other effects."	( The effects of an aldose reductase inhibitor upon the sorbitol pathway, fructose-1-phosphate and lactate in the retina and nerve of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Earl, DC; Heath, H; Mirrlees, DJ; Poulsom, R, 1983)	0.27
"8% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the lymph after dosing with [U-14C]sucrose monostearate whereas 20% was recovered in the lymph after dosing with sucrose [1-14C]monostearate."	( Studies on the metabolic fate of sucrose esters in rats. Izawa, O; Kitazawa, K; Murata, T; Shigeoka, T; Yamauchi, F, 1984)	0.27
" High dietary concentrations of lactose give rise to a similar spectrum of effects when given in excessive dosage to laboratory rats."	( Perspectives in carbohydrate toxicology with special reference to carcinogenicity. Roe, FJ, 1984)	0.27
" Sorbitol at a dosage of 20 g did not act as a laxative, produced the smallest BG increase, and required the least amount of insulin to return to baseline."	( [A comparison of the blood glucose increase and insulin requirement after oral sucrose, fructose and sorbitol alone or in combination (author's transl)]. Irsigler, K; Kaspar, L, 1980)	0.26
"A novel noninvasive technique was developed to measure dissolution of the water-soluble component of a solid dosage form using indium 111 and perturbed angular correlation."	( Noninvasive dissolution measurement using perturbed angular correlation. Beihn, RM; Digenis, GA, 1981)	0.26
" The dose-response activity profile is nonlinear, but becomes linear when C1 IS ALLOWED TO SELF-ACTIVATE."	( The first component of complement. I. Purification and properties of native C1. Chapuis, RM; Medicus, RG, 1980)	0.26
" Additional dose-response studies of biliary permeability to [14C]sucrose, using sulfobromophthalein and rose bengal, showed that this effect was dose-dependent and rapidly reversed by interruption of dye administration."	( Effect of cholephilic dyes on hepatic tight junctional permeability in the rat. Crocenzi, FA; Marinelli, RA; Rodríguez Garay, EA; Roma, MG, 1995)	0.29
" For rats dosed with olestra, < 8 x 10(-4)% of the dose of radiolabel was recovered in the olestra-containing fraction of lipids extracted from liver, the target organ for absorbed olestra, and no [14C]sucrose was found in urine, indications that olestra essentially was not absorbed."	( Disposition of ingested olestra in the Fischer 344 rat. Hudson, P; Lawson, KD; Madison, BL; Miller, KW; Okenfuss, JR; Tallmadge, DH; Thorstenson, J; Vanderploeg, P; Wilson, S, 1995)	0.29
" The dose-response function for concentration was flat."	( Pain-reducing properties of sucrose in human newborns. Blass, EM; Shah, A, 1995)	0.29
" When combined in half the dosage they have synergistic effect and the reduction in blood glucose level is greater than either of the drug used alone."	( Modification in sucrose tolerance test with acarbose, guargum and their combination in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Bhandari, P; Gupta, SK; Jain, SK; Lakhotia, M; Purohit, A; Shah, PK, 1993)	0.29
"min-1, n = 6-8/group per dose) clamps were then used to establish dose-response relationships for glucose kinetics and metabolism."	( Involvement of liver and skeletal muscle in sucrose-induced insulin resistance: dose-response studies. Moscarello, M; Pagliassotti, MJ; Shahrokhi, KA, 1994)	0.29
" Caries scores, of both fissure and smooth surfaces, by contrast, increased in a dose-response fashion with increasing dietary sucrose and with time."	( Simultaneous caries induction and calculus formation in rats. Clinton, D; Eanes, ED; Grant, LP; McMahon, T; Tanzer, JM, 1993)	0.29
" Fifty-six three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups and dosed subcutaneously with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt) once a week for 2 weeks."	( Effect of potato starch, cornstarch and sucrose on aberrant crypt foci in rats exposed to azoxymethane. Kristiansen, E; Meyer, O; Thorup, I, )	0.13
"Control (n = 87) and treated male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally with 1 g of sucrose."	( Sucrose urinary excretion in the rat measured using a simple assay: a model of gastroduodenal permeability. Corrigan, BW; Davies, NM; Jamali, F, 1995)	0.29
" Statistically significant reductions in the AUC0-24 and maximum plasma concentration values were observed with the mannitol dosage forms compared to the sucrose controls."	( The effect of mannitol on the oral bioavailability of cimetidine. Adkin, DA; Davis, SS; Huckle, PD; Sparrow, RA; Wilding, IR, 1995)	0.29
" Serum and regional brain tissues were obtained 0-30 min after tracer dosing and sucrose influx transfer coefficients (Kin(app)) were calculated from the brain tissue data."	( Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption during experimental meningitis. Boje, KM, 1996)	0.29
"The disposition of ingested olestra in Hanford mini-pigs was examined by following a single oral gavage dose of radiolabelled (U-14C-sucrose) olestra Eight dosed animal (four/sex) and one undosed animal were killed 1, 3 and 7 days after dosing, and tissues were collected and counted."	( Disposition of ingested olestra in weanling mini-pigs. Daher, GC; Lawson, KD; Miller, KW; Tallmadge, DH; Vanderploeg, P, 1996)	0.29
" A dose-response to varying concentrations of bitter tastants can be measured."	( Response of pigs to bitter-tasting compounds. Nelson, SL; Sanregret, JD, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response correlations between vesicle density and secretegogue strength (mM) and duration were higher with sucrose."	( Dynamic responses of presynaptic terminal membrane pools following KCl and sucrose stimulation. Fox, GQ; Kriebel, ME, 1997)	0.3
"To find out if the physical instability of a lyophilized dosage form is related to molecular mobility below the glass transition temperature."	( The relationship between protein aggregation and molecular mobility below the glass transition temperature of lyophilized formulations containing a monoclonal antibody. Dal Monte, PR; Duddu, SP; Zhang, G, 1997)	0.3
"Rats were dosed by oral gavage (250 mg/kg) with compounds containing sucrose esterified in four, six or eight positions with stearic acid."	( Metabolism of 14C-labelled sucrose esters of stearic acid in rats. Hill, DL; Lin, TH; Noker, PE; Shigeoka, T, 1997)	0.3
" The purpose of the study was to determine the dose-response effects of olestra on fat-soluble vitamins and selected water-soluble micronutrients."	( Olestra dose response on fat-soluble and water-soluble nutrients in the pig. Berry, DA; Cooper, DA; King, D; Kiorpes, AL; Peters, JC; Spendel, VA, 1997)	0.3
" The fractional absorption of 14C-triolein was calculated from the average ratios of 14C/51Cr dosed and measured in the feces."	( Olestra ingestion and dietary fat absorption in humans. Cooper, DA; Daher, GC; King, D; Peters, JC; Riccardi, KA; Zorich, NL, 1997)	0.3
" Ten sentinel animals were killed 1 day before and 10 1 day after the other animals were dosed with [14C]olestra and their gastrointestinal tracts were examined by histology."	( Comparison of olestra absorption in guinea pigs with normal and compromised gastrointestinal tracts. Boothe, AD; Daher, GC; Lawson, KD; Long, PH; Miller, KW; Tallmadge, DH; Vanderploeg, P, 1997)	0.3
" Haematology and clinical chemistry tests were conducted on blood samples taken on day -6 and day 0 of the control period and at 7 and 15 days during the SAIB dosing period."	( Effect of sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) ingestion on the hepatobiliary function of normal human male and female volunteers. Chappel, CI; Chiang, M; Gray, K, 1998)	0.3
" The lack of a clear dose-response relationship for the agonist and the antagonist indicates that the interaction between the NAc nicotinic system and ETOH self-administration is complex."	( Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine microinjections into the nucleus accumbens on ethanol and sucrose self-administration. Chappell, AM; Nadal, R; Samson, HH, 1998)	0.3
" The dosage of iron was individually adapted according to a target hemoglobin level of 13 g/100 ml and to the actual lowest hemoglobin level measured."	( [Intravenous iron in the treatment of postoperative anemia in surgery of the spine in infants and adolescents]. Bernière, J; Dehullu, JP; Gall, O; Murat, I, 1998)	0.3
"Twenty-eight children (aged 5 months to 11 years) underwent a randomized, double-blind trial consisting of two phases: 1) three sucrose breath H2 tests with three single-dose treatments (placebo, sacrosidase, and sacrosidase plus milk), and 2) a dose-response phase consisting of four multidose treatments, each for 10 days of full-strength sacrosidase, 1:10 dilution, 1:100 dilution, and 1:1000 dilution."	( Sacrosidase therapy for congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Hyams, J; Justinich, C; Kastoff, G; McAdams, L; Stanford, L; Treem, WR, 1999)	0.3
"In order to prolong shelf-life and improve the quality of the vaccine product, not only an effective stabilizer but also a more proper dosage form has been sought."	( [Study on the stability of Japanese encephalitis vaccine--development of freeze-dry dosage form]. Chang, MK; Huang, C; Jou, R; Kan, S; Liau, MY; Yang, WJ, 1996)	0.29
"When either grape or pear juice is administered in a dosage of 10 mL/kg/day, the carbohydrate is well absorbed, produces no adverse gastrointestinal symptoms, and has no effect on stool water in healthy infants."	( Carbohydrate absorption from fruit juices in infants. Lifschitz, CH, 2000)	0.31
" A discussion of the pharmacologic principles, available research regarding dose-response relationships and implications for nursing care is presented in this article to allow the reader to consider how this adjunctive therapy may be incorporated into care of the neonate."	( Sucrose as analgesia for neonates experiencing "mild" pain. Dalgleish, S, 1999)	0.3
" Pentobarbital had no statistically significant effect on the cocaine dose-response function."	( Neuroactive steroids attenuate cocaine-induced sucrose intake in rats, but not cocaine-induced hyperactivity in mice. Carter, RB; Huber, M; Suruki, M; Vanover, KE; Wilent, WB, 2000)	0.31
" Reversed sucrose ester vesicles offer new perspectives regarding the development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Stable reversed vesicles in oil: characterization studies and encapsulation of model compounds. de Vrind, J; De Vringer, T; Mollee, H, 2000)	0.31
" Groups of 20 mated rats were dosed on days 6-15 of gestation inclusive at 500, 1000 or 2000mg/kg/day; groups of 16 to 18 inseminated rabbits were dosed on days 6 to 19 of gestation inclusive at 175, 350 or 700mg/kg/day following preliminary studies at higher doses."	( Sucralose: assessment of teratogenic potential in the rat and the rabbit. Bailey, GP; Kille, JW; McAnulty, PA; Ross, FW; Tesh, JM; Tesh, SA; Wilby, OK; Willoughby, CR, 2000)	0.31
" 5, 5 and 10mg/kg at 48-hour intervals and followed by daily dosing at 2mg/kg for 3 days and 5mg/kg for 4 days."	( Repeated dose study of sucralose tolerance in human subjects. Baird, IM; Hildick-Smith, G; Merritt, RJ; Shephard, NW, 2000)	0.31
" Inflammatory-induced changes may significantly alter delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain, thus affecting dosing regimens during chronic pain."	( Inflammatory pain alters blood-brain barrier permeability and tight junctional protein expression. Davis, TP; Egleton, RD; Hom, S; Huber, JD; Mark, KS; Witt, KA, 2001)	0.31
" iron preparations with respect to haemoglobin levels, iron status and recombinant human erythropoetin (rHuEpo) dosage requirements in stable, rHuEpo-treated haemodialysis patients (maintenance phase of iron treatment) over 6 months."	( A randomized, controlled parallel-group trial on efficacy and safety of iron sucrose (Venofer) vs iron gluconate (Ferrlecit) in haemodialysis patients treated with rHuEpo. Bahner, U; Bettger, H; Kosch, M; Matzkies, F; Schaefer, RM; Teschner, M, 2001)	0.31
"5 ng/ml with iron gluconate), while rHuEpo dosage did not change significantly throughout the study."	( A randomized, controlled parallel-group trial on efficacy and safety of iron sucrose (Venofer) vs iron gluconate (Ferrlecit) in haemodialysis patients treated with rHuEpo. Bahner, U; Bettger, H; Kosch, M; Matzkies, F; Schaefer, RM; Teschner, M, 2001)	0.31
" Diabetic rats receiving oral genistein had significantly less retinal vascular leakage of radiolabeled sucrose than diabetic control rats in a dose-response fashion."	( Normalization of retinal vascular permeability in experimental diabetes with genistein. An, GJ; Ando, A; Cao, J; Chang, KY; Cooney, MJ; de Juan, E; Melia, M; Nakajima, M; Tu, AH, 2001)	0.31
" Dosing for surgical procedures was in accordance with clinical practice in the management of haemophilia A patients during and after surgery."	( Experience with KOGENATE Bayer in surgical procedures. Scharrer, I, 2002)	0.31
"1 ml aliquots of 10% ethanol or 5% sucrose reinforcers were dosed once a week with cocaine (0, 5 and 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 30 min prior to their daily operant session using a Latin square design."	( Effects of cocaine on responding for ethanol or sucrose under a progressive ratio schedule. Brown, G; Stephens, DN, 2002)	0.31
" Dose-response studies revealed that within the family of alkylmaltoside derivatives, (C(8-16)), maximal increases in insulin absorption took place when tetradecylmaltoside (C(14)) was added to the formulation."	( Synthetic long-chain alkyl maltosides and alkyl sucrose esters as enhancers of nasal insulin absorption. Ahsan, F; Arnold, JJ; Balusubramanian, BM; Meezan, E; Pillion, DJ; Piraner, O, 2002)	0.31
"The current study defined the full dose-response relationship for amphetamine self-administration under FR1 and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement in rats raised in either an enriched condition (EC) or an isolated condition (IC)."	( Environmental enrichment decreases intravenous amphetamine self-administration in rats: dose-response functions for fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules. Bardo, MT; Gehrke, BJ; Green, TA, 2002)	0.31
" After implantation of the catheter, rats were allowed to acquire stable response patterns under an FR1 or PR schedule of reinforcement before determination of the dose-response function."	( Environmental enrichment decreases intravenous amphetamine self-administration in rats: dose-response functions for fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules. Bardo, MT; Gehrke, BJ; Green, TA, 2002)	0.31
" These results demonstrate that the SABER delivery system allows weight-based dosing at volumes greater than 100 microl to achieve sustained release of intact rhGH in vivo for at least 7 days."	( Sustained delivery of human growth hormone from a novel gel system: SABER. Brooks, D; Cleland, JL; Dao, le N; Dybdal, N; Fielder, PJ; Okumu, FW; Sane, S, 2002)	0.31
" injection of taltirelin at this dosage produced a significant increase in the dissociation constant (Kd) of specific [3H]MeTRH binding in sham and 2VO-reperfusion groups (33."	( Neuroprotective effect and brain receptor binding of taltirelin, a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, in transient forebrain ischemia of C57BL/6J mice. Kimura, R; Urayama, A; Watanabe, Y; Yamada, S; Zhang, J, 2002)	0.31
"The physical, flow, and mechanical properties of four common pharmaceutical sweeteners were measured to assess their relative manufacturability in solid dosage formulations."	( The powder flow and compact mechanical properties of sucrose and three high-intensity sweeteners used in chewable tablets. Carlson, GT; Hancock, BC; Ladipo, DD; Langdon, BA; Mullarney, MP, 2003)	0.32
"Bupropion produced a biphasic dose-response pattern at both nicotine infusion doses, increasing infusions at low bupropion doses and decreasing infusions at high bupropion doses."	( Effect of bupropion on nicotine self-administration in rats. Bardo, MT; Dwoskin, LP; Neugebauer, N; Rauhut, AS, 2003)	0.32
"To determine the efficacy and optimal dosing of sucrose for neonatal procedural pain."	( Efficacy of sucrose as analgesia for procedural pain in neonates. Benis, MM, 2002)	0.31
" Higher NaCl dosage of 150 and 200 mmol l -1 limited its growth and drastically affected the nitrogenase activity and the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, fumarase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase."	( Effect of some abiotic factors on the biological activity of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. González-López, J; Lluch, C; Ortega, E; Tejera, NA, 2003)	0.32
" An increase in the dosage of phage particles, up to at least 5 x 10(7) phage particles per 100-mm dish, resulted in a linear increase in the number of transformants."	( Phage particle-mediated gene transfer to cultured mammalian cells. Hamada, Y; Hirose, S; Ishiura, M; Okada, Y; Suzuki, Y; Uchida, T, 1982)	0.26
" Analysis of the spike discharges also shows a positive dose-response for the "deterrent" cell following stimulation with Na-saccharin and denatonium benzoate."	( Saccharin stimulates the "deterrent" cell in the blowfly: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Crnjar, R; Liscia, A; Masala, C; Solari, P; Sollai, G, 2004)	0.32
" In animals not dosed with IQ, sucrose increased the adduct level in both organs but to a lower level than IQ."	( Effects of sucrose and cornstarch on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-induced colon and liver carcinogenesis in F344 rats. Autrup, H; Dragsted, LO; Lindecrona, RH; Mølck, AM; Poulsen, M; Vogel, U, 2004)	0.32
" At 6 months, the insulin secretion dose-response curve in SRD rats showed a shift to the left that was no longer observed at 12 months, when SRD islets decreased their response to 16 mM glucose."	( Islet neogenesis: an apparent key component of long-term pancreas adaptation to increased insulin demand. Borelli, MI; Chicco, A; Del Zotto, H; Flores, L; Gagliardino, JJ; García, ME; Gómez Dumm, CL; Lombardo, YB, 2004)	0.32
" The iron gluconate was given in a dosage of 62."	( Intravenous iron in a primary-care clinic. Maslovsky, I, 2005)	0.33
" A small sampling examples of the role(s) of polyploidy in conferring crop adaptation from human needs include examples of (1) dosage effects of multiple alleles in autopolyploids, and (2) 'intergenomic heterosis' conferring novel traits or transgressive levels of existing traits, associated with merging divergent genomes in a common allopolyploid nucleus."	( Polyploidy, evolutionary opportunity, and crop adaptation. Paterson, AH, 2005)	0.33
" DHEA does not seem to decrease cocaine self-administration by increasing the reinforcing properties of the drug, as indicated by a cocaine dose-response determination."	( DHEA, a neurosteroid, decreases cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Doron, R; Fridman, L; Gispan-Herman, I; Maayan, R; Weizman, A; Yadid, G, 2006)	0.33
" The greatest survival and production were obtained under treatment T2, which indicates that the dosage of 10,000 kg ha(-1) pressmud is optimal for carp culture."	( Evaluation of sugarcane by-product pressmud as a manure in carp culture. Gangadhara, B; Keshavanath, P, 2006)	0.33
" The dose-response coefficient, K(dr) of sc-alanine dosimeters was stable in all investigated dose range from 1 to 23 kGy."	( Solid state "self-calibrated" EPR-dosimeters-advantageous and shortcomings. Fabisiak, S; Peimel-Stuglik, Z, 2006)	0.33
" After a 20-hour nonfeeding period, each horse was dosed with 250 g of sucrose via nasogastric intubation."	( Sucrose concentration in blood: a new method for assessment of gastric permeability in horses with gastric ulceration. Buddington, RK; Cohen, ND; Hewetson, M; Holmes, W; Innocent, GT; Love, S; Roussel, AJ, )	0.13
" The identification of specific and numerous haplotypes/alleles present in a genotype by pyrophosphate sequencing or alternative techniques ultimately will provide the basis for identifying associations between specific alleles and phenotype and between allele dosage and phenotype in sugarcane."	( Characterisation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in sugarcane ESTs. Casu, RE; Cordeiro, GM; Eliott, F; Henry, RJ; McIntyre, CL, 2006)	0.33
" The segregation patterns of the marker loci indicated a centromere-driven distortion process with the shared allelic markers (as putative centromeres) regulating the placement and association of markers with opposite phase (coupling vs repulsion) and dosage on either side."	( Genetic segregation of microsatellite markers in Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum. Comstock, JC; Edmé, SJ; Glynn, NG, 2006)	0.33
"There was a J-shaped dose-response relationship between soft drink consumption and mental distress, conduct problems, and total mental health difficulties score; that is, adolescents who did not consume soft drinks had higher scores (indicating worse symptoms) than those who consumed soft drinks at moderate levels but lower scores than those with high consumption levels."	( Consumption of soft drinks and hyperactivity, mental distress, and conduct problems among adolescents in Oslo, Norway. Bjertness, E; Heyerdahl, S; Lien, L; Lien, N; Thoresen, M, 2006)	0.33
"Through reviews and inputs from all centers of the evidence, consensus was reached and guidelines that included indication, dosage per painful procedure, age-related dosage over 24 hours, method of delivery, and contraindications were developed."	( Sucrose analgesia: identifying potentially better practices. Burch, K; Caravantes, R; DeNolf, N; Duncan, J; Hampton, F; Johnston, C; Knoerlein, K; Lefrak, L; Lockey, D; Martin-Walters, C; McLendon, D; Porter, M; Richardson, C; Robinson, C; Toczylowski, K, 2006)	0.33
" This suppression in drug release rate due to a high fat meal is not anticipated to affect in vivo performance of the dosage form, as the rise in pressure is short-lived."	( Mechanistic investigation of drug release from asymmetric membrane tablets: effect of media gradients (osmotic pressure and concentration), and potential coating failures on in vitro release. Am Ende, MT; Miller, LA, 2007)	0.34
"Most medicines are available only as solid, adult-strength dosage forms from which oral extemporaneous liquids are often prepared for children."	( Poor preservation efficacy versus quality and safety of pediatric extemporaneous liquids. Ghulam, A; Keen, K; Long, PF; Tuleu, C; Wong, IC, 2007)	0.34
" Moreover, these monographs should take into account testing that simulates multiple dosing from a single storage container during the intended in-use shelf life of multidose extemporaneous preparations."	( Poor preservation efficacy versus quality and safety of pediatric extemporaneous liquids. Ghulam, A; Keen, K; Long, PF; Tuleu, C; Wong, IC, 2007)	0.34
" Water uptake, erosion and dissolution profile studies for dextran tablets established that glucose polymer with molecular weight M(w) > or = 2x10(6) is suitable for the development of controlled release solid dosage forms (soluble drugs)."	( A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. Bataille, B; Colarte, AI; Delarbre, JL; Durand, D; El Ghzaoui, A; Gil, EC, 2008)	0.35
" In contrast, SCH23390 caused no differential strain effect with respect to dosage whether sucrose was real or sham fed."	( Dopamine D2 receptors contribute to increased avidity for sucrose in obese rats lacking CCK-1 receptors. Covasa, M; De Jonghe, BC; Hajnal, A, 2007)	0.34
" Evidence for dose-response of bean and hibiscus extracts is reported."	( Inhibition by natural dietary substances of gastrointestinal absorption of starch and sucrose in rats and pigs: 1. Acute studies. Bagchi, D; Echard, B; Preuss, HG; Stohs, S, 2007)	0.34
" To further characterize the effects of PCP on sucrose consumption, we examined the dose-response relationship between PCP and sucrose consumption, the longevity of the effect, the effects of repeated injections of PCP, variation of the PCP effect across sucrose concentrations, and the effects of PCP on gustatory hedonic responses."	( Behavioral processes mediating phencyclidine-induced decreases in voluntary sucrose consumption. Baird, JP; Hulick, V; Turgeon, S; Wallman, A, 2008)	0.35
"kg(-1) bw was the most significant in three dosage groups."	( Effect of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide on glucose and lipid of diabetic rabbits induced by feeding high fat/high sucrose chow. Hu, XB; Jiang, T; Lin, GP; Qiao, XH; Tuo, QH, 2007)	0.34
" To ethanol/water pulps, the best enzyme dosage was found to be 20 IU/g dry pulp at 20 h, and a high enzyme dosage of 150 IU/g dry pulp did not decrease the kappa-number of the pulp."	( Ethanol/water pulps from sugar cane straw and their biobleaching with xylanase from Bacillus pumilus. Duarte, MC; Gonçalves, AR; Moriya, RY, 2007)	0.34
"Oral controlled release microspheres of rifampicin (RIF) were prepared in order to circumvent the required regular high dose of the conventional dosage forms for the treatment of tuberculosis."	( Gelatin microspheres of rifampicin cross-linked with sucrose using thermal gelation method for the treatment of tuberculosis. Chuttani, K; Khar, RK; Mishra, AK; Samad, A; Sultana, Y, 2009)	0.35
" This compound also increased P53 Ser(15) phosphorylation and PARP cleavage in LNCaP cells, but required higher dosage than for suppressing AR-PSA."	( Anti-androgen receptor signaling and prostate cancer inhibitory effects of sucrose- and benzophenone-compounds. Baek, NI; Jiang, C; Kim, SH; Lee, HJ; Lü, J; Wang, L; Wang, Z, 2009)	0.35
"Sweetening agents were recommended for procedural pain management in two-thirds of special care nurseries and neonatal intensive care units across Canada with extensive variability in specific dosing guidelines."	( Variability in clinical practice guidelines for sweetening agents in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Katz, J; McNair, C; Shah, V; Smith, RW; Taddio, A; Yiu, A, 2009)	0.35
" Among the research-based changes were: an awareness of confidentiality, individualised developmental care, increased use of inhaled nitric oxide, therapeutic hypothermia, less postnatal steroids (although the dosage used is not evidence-based), sucrose as analgesia and permissive hypotension."	( How has research in the last 5 years changed my clinical practice? Weindling, AM, 2010)	0.36
"Drug nanoparticles are often prepared in a liquid medium, and a drying method such as freeze drying is used to convert them to an oral solid dosage form."	( Cryoprotectants for freeze drying of drug nano-suspensions: effect of freezing rate. Kim, MY; Kim, S; Lee, J; Lee, MK, 2009)	0.35
" The effect became less potent with time despite continuous dosing indicating adaptation for both topical and systemic effects."	( Influence of prolonged exposure of a short half life non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal safety. Campanella, C; Jamali, F, 2009)	0.35
" The repeated dosing rather than the magnitude of t(1/2) may influence the gut safety profile of NSAIDs."	( Influence of prolonged exposure of a short half life non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal safety. Campanella, C; Jamali, F, 2009)	0.35
"Initially, a 13C-sucrose dose-response study was performed in rats to determine an optimal sucrose concentration for the SBT; then applied to assess chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage."	( Optimization of the non-invasive 13C-sucrose breath test in a rat model of methotrexate-induced mucositis. Butler, RN; Howarth, GS; Lymn, KA; Tooley, KL, 2010)	0.36
" The primary objectives of this clinical trial were (1) to determine if a reformulated azelastine nasal spray (Astepro) with sucralose as a taste-masking agent provides comparable efficacy to the original formulation (Astelin) and (2) to evaluate dose-response relationships between groups."	( Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of reformulated azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Bernstein, JA; Ferguson, BJ; Portnoy, J; Prenner, B; Sacks, HJ; Wheeler, WJ, )	0.13
" The percentage changes from baseline in the TNSS in the 2-sprays/nostril dosage groups were 27."	( Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of reformulated azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Bernstein, JA; Ferguson, BJ; Portnoy, J; Prenner, B; Sacks, HJ; Wheeler, WJ, )	0.13
"The results of this study showed efficacy both with original azelastine nasal spray and with the reformulated nasal spray and a clear dose-response difference between the 1- and 2-spray dosages."	( Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of reformulated azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Bernstein, JA; Ferguson, BJ; Portnoy, J; Prenner, B; Sacks, HJ; Wheeler, WJ, )	0.13
" The treatments include heating (H), ozonation (O), drug (D) application using fluvastatin, Na2SO4(S) dosing and their combinations to make up for the total of 9 pretreatment methods."	( Pretreatment evaluation and its application on palm oil mill effluent for bio-hydrogen enhancement and methanogenic activity repression. Nitisoravut, S; Wimonsong, P, 2009)	0.35
"The present study was aimed at developing a soft chewable dosage form for calcium carbonate for nutraceutical application."	( Investigation of organoleptic characteristics in the development of soft chews of calcium carbonate as mineral supplement. Mishra, B; Sharma, G; Shukla, D, 2009)	0.35
"The number of mixed micellar (MM) drug products being introduced into the commercial pharmaceutical market is very limited although there is need for alternative dosage forms for poorly soluble active drug substances."	( Mixed micelle formation with phosphatidylcholines: the influence of surfactants with different molecule structures. Müller, BW; Rupp, C; Steckel, H, 2010)	0.36
"A monocentric, open, randomised, single-dose, six-period crossover trial was carried out in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions to establish the most appropriate study design for a pivotal bioequivalence trial with acarbose (CAS 56180-94-0) regarding a) dosage of the drug, b) type of carbohydrate load, c) type of primary endpoint, and d) sample size."	( Influence of acarbose on blood glucose and breath hydrogen after carbohydrate load with sucrose or starch. Dimitrova, V; Erkent, U; Kirkov, V; Koytchev, R; Kunter, U; Nern, A; Richter, W, 2009)	0.35
" An optimal dose could not be identified due to inconsistency in effective sucrose dosage among studies."	( Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Ohlsson, A; Stevens, B; Yamada, J, 2010)	0.36
"Persistent blockade of NMDA receptor function by repeated phencyclidine dosing produces pathophysiological changes that model deficits observed in schizophrenia."	( Effect of subchronic phencyclidine administration on sucrose preference and hippocampal parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the rat. Harte, MK; Jenkins, TA; Reynolds, GP, 2010)	0.36
"Experiment 1 examined the dose-response effects of PCP and (+)MK-801 on licking microstructure during sucrose consumption."	( Analysis of licking microstructure provides no evidence for a reduction in reward value following acute or sub-chronic phencyclidine administration. Dwyer, DM; Gilmour, G; Lydall, ES, 2010)	0.36
" Improved methods for correctly allocating marker dosage will result in more accurate maps and increased efficiency of QTL linkage detection."	( Bayesian estimation of marker dosage in sugarcane and other autopolyploids. Aitken, K; Baker, P; Jackson, P, 2010)	0.36
" A dose-response test was then conducted, followed by extinction and cue- and nicotine-induced reinstatement."	( The effects of response operandum and prior food training on intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats. Cador, M; Caillé, S; Clemens, KJ, 2010)	0.36
"The use of the NP operandum resulted in markedly higher levels of IVSA across acquisition and across dose-response testing compared with the LVR group."	( The effects of response operandum and prior food training on intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats. Cador, M; Caillé, S; Clemens, KJ, 2010)	0.36
" The risk assessment was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach with benchmark doses obtained from dose-response modelling of animal experiments."	( Cancer risk assessment of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages from Brazil with special consideration to the spirits cachaça and tiquira. Kanteres, F; Kerr-Corrêa, F; Lachenmeier, DW; Lima, MC; Nóbrega, IC; Pereira, JA; Rehm, J, 2010)	0.36
"4 in the two groups that included a dosing point prior to alcohol ingestion."	( Clinical effectiveness of KSS formula, a traditional folk remedy for alcohol hangover symptoms. Koike, K; Li, W; Sadamoto, K; Takahashi, M, 2010)	0.36
" Finally, a dose-response for quinine taste preference in IAA and continuous-access animals was determined."	( Motivation for alcohol becomes resistant to quinine adulteration after 3 to 4 months of intermittent alcohol self-administration. Bonci, A; Bowers, MS; Chang, SJ; Hopf, FW; Sparta, DR, 2010)	0.36
"Oral gavage is a common route of precise oral dosing for studies in rodents."	( A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down: a novel technique to improve oral gavage in mice. Hoggatt, AF; Hoggatt, J; Honerlaw, M; Pelus, LM, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to assess an alternative oral dosing method that could reduce the distress and morbidity associated with standard gavage techniques."	( Alternative method of oral dosing for rats. Atcha, Z; Aw, CC; Browne, ER; Goh, CW; Lim, JS; Neo, AH; Pemberton, DJ; Rourke, C, 2010)	0.36
" mutans biofilm formation, which simulated 'feast-famine' episodes of exposure to sucrose that occur in the oral cavity, showed dose-response susceptibility to antimicrobials and allowed the evaluation of substances with anticaries potential."	( S. mutans biofilm model to evaluate antimicrobial substances and enamel demineralization. Ccahuana-Vásquez, RA; Cury, JA, )	0.13
" We conclude that MASD (1:1) is a good candidate for the development of oral solid dosage forms."	( Solid dispersion formulations of megestrol acetate with copovidone for enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability. Choi, SU; Choi, YW; Hong, SW; Jeon, HR; Kang, MH; Lee, BS; Lee, J; Moon, KY; Park, SH; Park, SJ; Song, WH, 2011)	0.37
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6/group) had free access to water or 10% sucrose and quinpirole dose-response curves (yawning and hypothermia) were generated weekly for 8 weeks."	( Drinking sucrose enhances quinpirole-induced yawning in rats. Baladi, MG; France, CP; Newman, AH; Thomas, YM, 2011)	0.37
" No simplified microcosm models to evaluate enamel demineralization and dose-response effect to anticariogenic therapies have yet been established, thus this study was designed to develop a pre-clinical model fulfilling this purpose."	( An in vitro biofilm model for enamel demineralization and antimicrobial dose-response studies. Azevedo, MS; Cenci, MS; Huysmans, MC; Lund, RG; van de Sande, FH, 2011)	0.37
" Altogether, our findings indicate that denatonium stimulates CASR by shifting a dose-response curve for the principal CASR agonist Ca(2+) to lower concentrations."	( Stimulation of the extracellular Ca²⁺-sensing receptor by denatonium. Bystrova, MF; Churbanov, GD; Kolesnikov, SS; Rogachevskaja, OA; Romanov, RA, 2011)	0.37
" The pharmacokinetics of midazolam in different dosage forms was investigated in rabbits (dose 1mg/rabbit) after intravenous administration of midazolam solution and after sublingual administration of midazolam solution, midazolam/HP-β-CD/sucrose solution or midazolam/HP-β-CD/sucrose powder."	( The effect of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and sucrose on the sublingual absorption of midazolam in rabbits. Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Kaartama, R; Kokki, H; Lehtonen, M; Ranta, VP; Savolainen, J; Toljamo, K; Turunen, E, 2012)	0.38
" Guidance and references for drugs and dosing for specific neonatal procedures are provided."	( Anesthesia and analgesia in the NICU. Hall, RW, 2012)	0.38
" The parameters related to gas exchange, net CO(2) assimilation rate (A) and Rubisco activity were severally affected by Cr exposure, in some cases even at the lowest dosage used."	( Chromium (VI) induces toxicity at different photosynthetic levels in pea. Azevedo, R; Correia, C; Dias, MC; Moutinho-Pereira, J; Rodriguez, E; Santos, C, 2012)	0.38
" Mortality was higher in bees chronically dosed with selenate compared with a single dose."	( Selenium toxicity to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollinators: effects on behaviors and survival. Hladun, KR; Morton, RR; Mustard, JA; Smith, BH; Trumble, JT, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, the enhancement effect after dosing into the different small intestinal regions, the effect on FDs with different MWs and the influence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) co-existence were examined."	( Enhancement potential of sucrose laurate (L-1695) on intestinal absorption of water-soluble high molecular weight compounds. Imura, Y; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Uchida, M, 2012)	0.38
" The slo2 growth retardation phenotypes are largely suppressed by supplying sugars or increasing light dosage or the concentration of CO₂."	( SLO2, a mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein affecting several RNA editing sites, is required for energy metabolism. Brennicke, A; Craddock, C; Denecke, J; Dugardeyn, J; Eastmond, P; Gerats, T; Karampelias, M; Kühn, K; Meyer, EH; Peters, J; Smalle, J; Takenaka, M; Van Der Straeten, D; Zhang, C; Zhu, Q, 2012)	0.38
" DD of a sucrose reward was examined in rats prior to initiation of the dosing regimen, 22."	( The effect of morphine dependence on impulsive choice in rats. Franklin, KB; Harvey-Lewis, C; Perdrizet, J, 2012)	0.38
" Maxillary taste neurons of the two strains had similar dose-response relationships for sucrose, inositol, and strychnine nitrate, but the deterrent cell of Sawa-J·lem showed a remarkably low sensitivity to salicin."	( Genetic analysis of the electrophysiological response to salicin, a bitter substance, in a polyphagous strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Asaoka, K; Iizuka, T; Mase, K; Okada, E; Sezutsu, H; Tamura, T, 2012)	0.38
" Recently however, Prescott and colleagues described a new method, the rejection threshold, where a series of forced choice preference tasks are used to generate a dose-response function to determine hedonically acceptable concentrations."	( Rejection thresholds in solid chocolate-flavored compound coating. Harwood, ML; Hayes, JE; Ziegler, GR, 2012)	0.38
" In addition, no change in sucrose preference was observed in nonstressed rats that were exposed to the same dosage of SalvA."	( Antidepressive effects of the κ-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A in a rat model of anhedonia. Harden, MT; McCurdy, CR; Niehoff, JA; Smith, SE; Taylor, GT, 2012)	0.38
" In the cocaine dose-response experiment, WC10 and WC44 flattened the dose-effect function of cocaine reinforcement rate."	( Phenylpiperazine derivatives with selectivity for dopamine D3 receptors modulate cocaine self-administration in rats. Cheung, TH; Durbin, JP; Hammerslag, LR; Luedtke, RR; Mach, RH; Neisewander, JL; Nolan, BC; Peartree, NA; Weber, SM, 2012)	0.38
" An optimal dose could not be identified due to inconsistency in effective sucrose dosage among studies."	( Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Lee, GY; Ohlsson, A; Stevens, B; Yamada, J, 2013)	0.39
" There is a dose-response relationship between depression and these inflammatory cytokines."	( Exogenous interleukin-6 facilitated the contraction of the colon in a depression rat model. Chen, M; Hu, L; Yu, B; Zhang, L, 2013)	0.39
" Dosage form disintegration and drug release was to be affected by water diffusivity in these systems."	( Mechanistic understanding of food effects: water diffusivity in gastrointestinal tract is an important parameter for the prediction of disintegration of solid oral dosage forms. Amar, A; Amidon, GL; Ebert, S; Langguth, P; Münnemann, K; Radwan, A; Wagner, M, 2013)	0.39
" However, the ecological footprint increased significantly over time because of increased dosage or because formulations that are less toxic to humans may be more toxic to other biodiversity."	( Pesticide use and biodiversity conservation in the Amazonian agricultural frontier. Adams, C; Brock, T; Grillitsch, B; Schiesari, L; Waichman, A, 2013)	0.39
" To investigate a role for instrumental punishment in CTA, we present 2 tastants sequentially ("sucrose then NaCl" or "NaCl then sucrose") in a daily alternating and counterbalanced order to rats with an explicit positive contingency between the dosage of the lithium chloride (LiCl) administered and the amount of 1 tastant drunk on that trial."	( Conditioned taste aversion as instrumental punishment. Hsiao, S; Li, JS; Li, KC, 2013)	0.39
" In contrast, elevating the relative expression of Homer2b versus Homer1 within mPFC, by overexpressing Homer2b or knocking down Homer1c, shifted the dose-response function for cocaine-conditioned reward to the left, without affecting cocaine locomotion or sensitization."	( Imbalances in prefrontal cortex CC-Homer1 versus CC-Homer2 expression promote cocaine preference. Ary, AW; Ben-Shahar, O; Campbell, RR; Klugmann, M; Lominac, KD; Szumlinski, KK; von Jonquieres, G; Williams, AR; Wroten, MG, 2013)	0.39
" The enzyme dosage could be decreased to 4 FPU/g without a major effect in terms of the hydrolysis performance."	( A novel alkaline oxidation pretreatment for spruce, birch and sugar cane bagasse. Hakola, M; Kallioinen, A; Leskelä, M; Repo, T; Riekkola, T; Siika-aho, M; von Weymarn, N, 2013)	0.39
" We compared the dose-response of both strains to permethrin in a forced-contact filter paper bioassay."	( Innovative sugar-insecticide feeding bioassay for adult female Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Apperson, CS; Arellano, C; Roe, RM; Stell, FM, 2013)	0.39
" Further, MFZ 10-7 appeared to be more potent than MTEP in inducing downward shifts in the cocaine dose-response curve, but less effective than MTEP in attenuating sucrose-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior."	( A novel mGluR5 antagonist, MFZ 10-7, inhibits cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Bi, GH; Gardner, EL; Keck, TM; Newman, AH; Srivastava, R; Wang, XF; Xi, ZX; Yang, HJ; Zhang, HY; Zou, MF, 2014)	0.4
" Conversion yields after 72 h exceeded 40% in terms of TRS when the WM was supplemented with a low dosage of a commercial enzyme preparation."	( Saccharification of biomass using whole solid-state fermentation medium to avoid additional separation steps. Baleeiro, FC; Farinas, CS; Pirota, RD, )	0.13
"Modern solid multiparticulate drug forms (minitablets, pellets, granules) can provide the possibility of precise dosing or modified drug release or taste masking for medicines used in children."	( Application properties of oral gels as media for administration of minitablets and pellets to paediatric patients. Kluk, A; Sznitowska, M, 2014)	0.4
" In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a successful genetic analysis in a highly polyploid genome (sugarcane) by the quantitative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allelic dosage and the application of a new data analysis framework."	( SNP genotyping allows an in-depth characterisation of the genome of sugarcane and other complex autopolyploids. Bundock, P; Carneiro, MS; Costa, EA; Dahmer, N; Garcia, AA; Garcia, MO; Gazaffi, R; Henry, RJ; Landell, MG; Mancini, MC; Marconi, TG; Martins, ER; Mollinari, M; Pastina, MM; Pinto, LR; Serang, OR; Sforça, DA; Silva, CB; Silva, RR; Souza, AP; Souza, GM; van Sluys, MA; Vencovsky, R; Vicentini, R; Vieira, ML; Vincentz, MA, 2013)	0.39
" Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed locally dosed bisphosphonate entered and was retained in the femoral head."	( Local delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins and bisphosphonate via sucrose acetate isobutyrate can prevent femoral head collapse in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: a pilot study in pigs. Cantrill, LC; Carpenter, C; Cheng, TL; Little, DG; Mikulec, K; Murphy, CM; Schindeler, A, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, sucroferric oxyhydroxide may be administered concomitantly without the need to adjust the dosage regimens of these drugs."	( Drug-drug interactions between sucroferric oxyhydroxide and losartan, furosemide, omeprazole, digoxin and warfarin in healthy subjects. Chong, E; Kalia, V; Willsie, S; Winkle, P, 2014)	0.4
"Development studies were performed to design a pharmaceutical composition that allows the stabilization of a parenteral rhEGF formulation in a lyophilized dosage form."	( Stabilization of a recombinant human epidermal growth factor parenteral formulation through freeze-drying. Amarantes, O; Beldarraín, A; Chinea, G; Gerónimo, H; González, Y; Hernández, G; Páez, R; Santana, H; Sotolongo, J, 2014)	0.4
" Second, the rhesus monkeys in T2DM group were injected STZ at a low dosage of 35 mg/kg BW to induce glucose persistent elevation which maintained pretty well after 12 months."	( Type 2 diabetes mellitus non-genetic Rhesus monkey model induced by high fat and high sucrose diet. Chen, LX; He, ZL; Jin, M; Li, HJ; Li, YY; Lu, SY; Qi, SD; Wang, JB; Yang, FM; Yu, WH; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.42
" The maximum total sugar yields occurred at 190 °C, 45 min, 60:40 ethanol/water, and 5% dosage of acetic acid, reaching 58."	( Efficient sugar release by acetic acid ethanol-based organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. Wu, S; Zhang, H, 2014)	0.4
" Ruminal dosing with sucrose and lactose, compared with corn starch, increased ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of butyrate from 60 to 180min after the dose, and expression of genes for sodium hydrogen exchanger isoforms 1 and 2, and ATPase isoform 1 in ruminal epithelial cells."	( Effects of ruminal doses of sucrose, lactose, and corn starch on ruminal fermentation and expression of genes in ruminal epithelial cells. Mewis, JL; Oba, M; Zhining, Z, 2015)	0.42
" In addition, the threshold concentration and the dose-response relationship of the most palatable tastants were evaluated and the ability of kutum to differentiate food with tastants in different concentrations was estimated."	( Taste preferences and taste thresholds to classical taste substances in the carnivorous fish, kutum Rutilus frisii kutum (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ghorbani, R; Goli, S; Jafari, V; Kasumyan, A, 2015)	0.42
"5, temperature of 37 °C, and enzyme dosage of 8 U/g substrates."	( Biosynthesis of lactosylfructoside by an intracellular levansucrase from Bacillus methylotrophicus SK 21.002. Jiang, B; Miao, M; Mu, W; Wu, C; Zhang, T, 2015)	0.42
" The result showed that glucose yield at low enzyme dosage was positively linear correlated with the yield at high enzyme dosage, for both the untreated and pretreated materials."	( Relationship between physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse varieties for bioethanol production. Benjamin, Y; Brienzo, M; Görgens, J; Tyhoda, L, 2015)	0.42
" Using culture-independent fungal community profiling, we have investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer dosage on fungal communities in soil and rhizosphere of field-grown sugarcane."	( Nitrogen fertilizer dose alters fungal communities in sugarcane soil and rhizosphere. Hugenholtz, P; Kasinadhuni, NR; Lonhienne, TG; Paungfoo-Lonhienne, C; Ragan, MA; Robinson, N; Schmidt, S; Yeoh, YK, 2015)	0.42
" Additionally, sucroferric oxyhydroxide at maintenance dosages was significantly more effective than low dosage sucroferric oxyhydroxide (250 mg/day) with regard to maintaining controlled serum phosphorus levels during weeks 24-27 of treatment."	( Sucroferric oxyhydroxide: a review in hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis. Greig, SL; Plosker, GL, 2015)	0.42
"The use of solid oral dosage forms is typically favored with regard to stability and ease of administration."	( In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of taste-masked cetirizine hydrochloride formulated in oral lyophilisates. Axe, P; Breitkreutz, J; Grother, L; Preis, M, 2015)	0.42
" Exposure of mitochondria to exogenous superoxide radical generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system elicits a dose-response cytochrome c release in both control and SF mitochondria, but cytochrome c release remains lower in SF mitochondria compared with C mitochondria."	( Cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria is compromised by increased saturated cardiolipin species induced by sucrose feeding. Barrios-Maya, MA; El-Hafidi, M; López-Acosta, O; Molina-Ortiz, D; Ruiz-Ramírez, A, 2015)	0.42
" The sample was dosed hydrodynamically (30 mbar, 5 sec)."	( [The determination of glucose, sucrose and fructose by the method of capillary electrophoresis]. Markovsky, MG; Yakuba, YF, 2015)	0.42
" Pregnant mice were randomly grouped and orally administered with either water as control (Con) or 30% wt/vol sucrose diluted in water at 6 (Suc6) or 9 (Suc9) g/kg dosage per day from gestational days 6 to 15."	( High sucrose consumption during pregnancy induced ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes in mice offspring. Cheong, JH; Cho, KS; Choi, CS; Gonzales, EL; Han, SH; Kim, KC; Kim, P; Ko, MJ; Park, JH; Ryu, JH; Seung, H; Shin, CY; Yang, SM, 2015)	0.42
" In addition, our results showed that neither imipramine nor Sanyuansan at any dosage increased spontaneous motor activity."	( Antidepressant-like effects of Sanyuansan in the mouse forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic mild stress model. Gou, XJ; He, G; Lin, B; Peng, C; Yan, S; You, ZL; Zhao, QY, 2015)	0.42
" The influence of the reaction time, temperature and dosage of catalyst on xylose dehydration were also investigated."	( Catalytic conversion of xylose and corn stalk into furfural over carbon solid acid catalyst in γ-valerolactone. Chang, HM; Jameel, H; Li, W; Liu, Q; Ma, L; Ma, Q; Xu, Z; Zhang, T, 2016)	0.43
"67 g/(L h) at 10 FPU/g cellulase dosage and 15% (w/w) solids content, an increase of 49."	( Periodic peristalsis increasing acetone-butanol-ethanol productivity during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-exploded corn straw. Chen, H; Li, J; Wang, L, 2016)	0.43
" The commercially available tablets of 5 and 10mg do not provide the necessary flexibility in dosing needed for treating children."	( Design and stability study of an oral solution of amlodipine besylate for pediatric patients. Hanff, LM; Koch, BC; Postma, DJ; Smeets, OS; van der Velde, I; van der Vossen, AC; Vermes, A; Vulto, AG, 2016)	0.43
" Microbiological quality was studied in an 18-week in-use test based on a two-times daily dosing schedule."	( Design and stability study of an oral solution of amlodipine besylate for pediatric patients. Hanff, LM; Koch, BC; Postma, DJ; Smeets, OS; van der Velde, I; van der Vossen, AC; Vermes, A; Vulto, AG, 2016)	0.43
" This liquid formulation is preferred over manipulated commercial dosage forms or non-standardized extemporaneously compounded formulations."	( Design and stability study of an oral solution of amlodipine besylate for pediatric patients. Hanff, LM; Koch, BC; Postma, DJ; Smeets, OS; van der Velde, I; van der Vossen, AC; Vermes, A; Vulto, AG, 2016)	0.43
" The sucrose-experienced (sucrose) group exhibited higher lever press, cocaine infusion and break point, as well as upshift of cocaine dose-response curve in cocaine self-administration test, as compared with the control (chow) group."	( [Sucrose reward promotes rats' motivation for cocaine]. LE, QM; Li, YQ; Ma, L; Wang, FF; Yu, XC, 2016)	0.43
" We tested the anticaries effect of this combination in a dose-response in situ caries model."	( Calcium Prerinse before Fluoride Rinse Reduces Enamel Demineralization: An in situ Caries Study. Budin, RR; Cury, JA; de Queiroz, MX; Del Bel Cury, AA; Nóbrega, DF; Souza, JG; Tenuta, LM; Vogel, GL, 2016)	0.43
" We could not identify an optimal dose due to inconsistency in effective sucrose dosage among studies."	( Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Haliburton, S; Ohlsson, A; Shorkey, A; Stevens, B; Yamada, J, 2016)	0.43
" Herein, we demonstrate that dose-response relationships existed with regard to administration of saccharin or sucrose to mice for 35 days, and this association involved testis-expressed sweet-tasting molecules (taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 [T1R3]; G protein alpha-gustducin [Galpha])."	( Effects of Daily Exposure to Saccharin and Sucrose on Testicular Biologic Functions in Mice. Gong, T; Mao, DG; Nagaoka, K; Shi, FX; Taya, K; Watanabe, G; Wei, QW, 2016)	0.43
"In prospect of developing an oral dosage form of Infliximab, for treatment of Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, freeze-drying (vial vs Lyoguard trays) and spray-drying were investigated as production method for stable powders."	( The Production of a Stable Infliximab Powder: The Evaluation of Spray and Freeze-Drying for Production. Amorij, JP; Bakker, A; Frijlink, HW; Have, RT; Kanojia, G; Kersten, GF; Wagner, K, 2016)	0.43
" The use of GBS generated a large number of markers and still enabled ploidy and allelic dosage estimation."	( GBS-based single dosage markers for linkage and QTL mapping allow gene mining for yield-related traits in sugarcane. Anoni, CO; Balsalobre, TW; Barreto, FZ; Cardoso-Silva, CB; Carneiro, MS; Costa, EA; da Silva Pereira, G; de Souza, AP; Garcia, AA; Gazaffi, R; Hoffmann, HP; Mancini, MC; Margarido, GR, 2017)	0.46
"03 mg/kg/infusion) under fixed ratio 1 (FR1), FR2, and FR5 schedules of reinforcement followed by a dose-response study to assess sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of oxycodone."	( Oxycodone self-administration in male and female rats. Chartoff, E; Mavrikaki, M; Page, S; Potter, D; Pravetoni, M, 2017)	0.46
"5, 5, and 10mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, to simulate therapeutic and over-therapeutic dosage levels."	( Safety of sucrose esters from Physalis peruviana L. in a 28-day repeated-dose study in mice. Caro, DC; Franco, LA; Ocampo, YC; Rivera, DE, 2017)	0.46
"0% using corn cobs with an enzyme dosage of 5 FPU/g-biomass."	( Characterization of cellulolytic enzyme system of Schizophyllum commune mutant and evaluation of its efficiency on biomass hydrolysis. Champreda, V; Eurwilaichitr, L; Fujii, T; Inoue, H; Kittisenachai, S; Rattanaphanjak, P; Roytrakul, S; Sornlake, W, 2017)	0.46
" A double-blind, randomized crossover dose-response study was conducted to assess the usefulness of urinary LCS excretions (from both fasting spot and a full 24-h urine collection) for investigating recent intakes."	( Application of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Determine Urinary Concentrations of Five Commonly Used Low-Calorie Sweeteners: A Novel Biomarker Approach for Assessing Recent Intakes? Dowey, LRC; Gallagher, AM; Logue, C; McClean, S; Strain, JJ; Verhagen, H, 2017)	0.46
"Developing pediatric friendly dosage forms is a high priority worldwide."	( Sucrose Octaacetate Chemical Kinetics and Shelf Lives at Various Formulation pHs. Gaddam, S; Stagner, WC, 2018)	0.48
"Medicated jelly formulations are patient friendly dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients."	( Formulation, Evaluation and release rate characteristics of medicated jelly of vitamin C. Abd El-Salam, NM; Husain, T; Ibrahim, KA; Iqbal, FM; Khan, A; Mumtaz, S; Nawaz, A; Shah, SNH; Ullah, N; Zaman, S, 2017)	0.46
"In China, care of patients with severe hemophilia primarily involves insufficient dosing of on-demand treatment and secondary low-dose prophylaxis (10 IU/kg 2× /wk)."	( Efficacy of standard prophylaxis versus on-demand treatment with bayer's sucrose-formulated recombinant FVIII (rFVIII-FS) in Chinese children with severe hemophilia A. Beckmann, H; Hou, Q; Hu, Y; Sun, J; Wu, J; Wu, R; Xiao, J; Yang, R; Zhao, Y, 2017)	0.46
" A critical, yet understudied, area of research is the potential for dosage to influence foam behaviour via associated changes in wine viscosity."	( The effect of sucrose addition at dosage stage on the foam attributes of a bottle-fermented English sparkling wine. Atkinson, A; Crumpton, M; Marangon, M; Rice, CJ; Taylor, G, 2018)	0.48
"These results highlight the impact that dosage treatments can have on the quality of foam produced upon pouring, and therefore have the potential to inform future sparkling winemaking practices."	( The effect of sucrose addition at dosage stage on the foam attributes of a bottle-fermented English sparkling wine. Atkinson, A; Crumpton, M; Marangon, M; Rice, CJ; Taylor, G, 2018)	0.48
"6%, much more than the portions of multiple dosage SNPs."	( Mining sequence variations in representative polyploid sugarcane germplasm accessions. Paudel, DR; Song, J; Wang, J; Yang, X; You, Q; Zhang, J, 2017)	0.46
"The presented work describes the formulation and characterization of modified release glassy solid dosage forms (GSDFs) containing an amorphous nifedipine, as a model BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II drug."	( Melts of Octaacetyl Sucrose as Oral-Modified Release Dosage Forms for Delivery of Poorly Soluble Compound in Stable Amorphous Form. Dorożyński, P; Garbacz, G; Haznar-Garbacz, D; Kaminska, E; Kaminski, K; Kulinowski, P; Lachmann, M; Zakowiecki, D, 2018)	0.48
"50% recoveries, respectively from the pretreated substrate at the enzyme dosage of 20 mg/g biomass."	( Development of tailor-made synergistic cellulolytic enzyme system for saccharification of steam exploded sugarcane bagasse. Bunterngsook, B; Champreda, V; Chotirotsukon, C; Fujii, T; Hoshino, T; Inoue, H; Kraikul, N; Kraithong, W; Kuboon, S; Laothanachareon, T; Roongsawang, N; Techanan, W, 2018)	0.48
" These patients tended to have increased levels of serum calcium, hematocrit, and serum ferritin; a decreased number of phosphate binder tablets (from 21 tablets/d to 8 tablets/d); and a decreased dosage of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents."	( [Low Continuity Rate of Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide among Japanese Hemodialysis Patients with High Phosphate Binder Pill Burden]. Mitsuboshi, S; Nagai, K; Okajima, H; Yamada, H, 2018)	0.48
"The aim of this study was to (1) determine if the organochlorine artificial sweetener sucralose is metabolized in rat intestine with repeated dosing and (2) examine whether sucralose might bioaccumulate in rat adipose tissue."	( Intestinal Metabolism and Bioaccumulation of Sucralose In Adipose Tissue In The Rat. Bornemann, V; Buslinger, L; Schiffman, SS; Werness, SC, 2018)	0.48
" Regardless of application dosage (standard or high) at a pre-harvest interval of 60 days, chlorpyrifos was undetectable in the harvested sugarcane."	( Dissipation behavior of chlorpyrifos residues and risk assessment in sugarcane fields. Cao, X; Wang, H; Yang, R; Yu, W; Zheng, L, 2019)	0.51
" This paper reports the combined results of two large-scale colony-feeding studies, each with 6 weeks of continuous dosing of 12 colonies per treatment (24 control) to 12."	( Thiamethoxam: Long-term effects following honey bee colony-level exposure and implications for risk assessment. Bocksch, S; Feken, M; Hill, M; Overmyer, J; Ruddle, N; Scorgie, E; Thompson, H; Vaughan, S, 2019)	0.51
" In this study, cry1Ac transgenic sugarcane lines were obtained and the biological characteristics and transgene dosage effect were investigated and a global exploration of gene expression by transcriptome analysis was performed."	( Foreign cry1Ac gene integration and endogenous borer stress-related genes synergistically improve insect resistance in sugarcane. Gao, S; Guo, J; Li, Z; Ling, H; Liu, X; Que, Y; Su, Y; Wang, C; Xu, L; Zhou, D, 2018)	0.48
" The medium copy lines from FN15 showed a significant linear relationship, while ROC22 showed no definite dosage effect."	( Foreign cry1Ac gene integration and endogenous borer stress-related genes synergistically improve insect resistance in sugarcane. Gao, S; Guo, J; Li, Z; Ling, H; Liu, X; Que, Y; Su, Y; Wang, C; Xu, L; Zhou, D, 2018)	0.48
" VK4-116 also lowered the break-point (BP) for oxycodone self-administration under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement, shifted the oxycodone dose-response curve downward, and inhibited oxycodone extinction responding and reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior."	( Dopamine D Bi, GH; Cao, J; Gadiano, A; Galaj, E; Gardner, EL; Kumar, V; Newman, AH; Rais, R; Slusher, BS; Xi, ZX; You, ZB, 2019)	0.51
" Dose-response analyses revealed an association between the risk of non-severe CHD and the increasing exposure to sucrose-sweetened soft beverages, especially for septal defects with aRR = 1."	( Intake of sucrose-sweetened soft beverages during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring: a Norwegian pregnancy cohort study. Brodwall, K; Dale, MTG; Gjessing, HK; Haugen, M; Holmstrøm, H; Leirgul, E; Magnus, P; Stoltenberg, C; Øyen, N, 2019)	0.51
" PB treatment, number of pills, serum phosphorus levels, and intravenous iron medication and dosage were collected monthly during the six months of treatment with either PB or SO."	( Effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide in patients on on-line hemodiafiltration in real-world clinical practice: A retrospective study. Aniceto, J; Ferreira, A; Navarro, D; Neves, PL; Pinto, B; Ponce, P, )	0.13
" The effects of substrate concentration, temperature, pH, time, and enzyme dosage on the concentration of TF produced are studied using the design of experiments methodology."	( Screening of Commercial Enzymes for Transfructosylation of Tyrosol: Effect of Process Conditions and Reaction Network. Antošová, M; Hollá, V; Karkeszová, K; Mastihuba, V; Polakovič, M, 2019)	0.51
" This sucrose analgesia was completely prevented by systemic dosing of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant."	( Hedonic drinking engages a supraspinal inhibition of thermal nociception in adult rats. Davies, AJ; Kim, D; Lee, JY; Oh, SB; Park, J; Pickering, AE; Vang, H, 2019)	0.51
" The sublethal dosage of Cry1Ac toxin was applied to sugarcane shoot borer and identified some Cry toxin receptor genes that were significantly induced after 48 h of exposure."	( Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression profiling analysis of Cry toxin receptor genes from sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen). Chen, LF; Gao, SJ; Guo, YF; Huang, MT; Wang, FL; Wang, JD; Wang, R; Zhang, JS, 2019)	0.51
"Obtaining higher amount of final sugars with low cellulase dosage has great economic benefits for the industrial biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass."	( Enhancement of high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse at low cellulase dosage by fed-batch strategy based on optimized accessory enzymes and additives. Guo, Y; Wang, Z; Xu, C; Xu, H; Xu, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Risk estimates were pooled using the inverse variance method, and dose-response analysis was modeled."	( Relation of Total Sugars, Sucrose, Fructose, and Added Sugars With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Agarwal, A; de Souza, RJ; Jenkins, DJA; Kendall, CWC; Khan, TA; Leiter, LA; Mejia, SB; Sievenpiper, JL; Tayyiba, M; Wolever, TMS, 2019)	0.51
" Dose-response analyses showed a beneficial linear dose-response gradient for sucrose and nonlinear dose-response thresholds for harm for total sugars (133 grams, 26% energy), fructose (58 grams, 11% energy) and added sugars (65 grams, 13% energy) in relation to CVD mortality (P<."	( Relation of Total Sugars, Sucrose, Fructose, and Added Sugars With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Agarwal, A; de Souza, RJ; Jenkins, DJA; Kendall, CWC; Khan, TA; Leiter, LA; Mejia, SB; Sievenpiper, JL; Tayyiba, M; Wolever, TMS, 2019)	0.51
"58% xylan digestibility were achieved from the solid residue with an enzyme dosage of 30 FPU/g cellulose."	( Coproduction of xylooligosaccharides and fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse by seawater hydrothermal pretreatment. Jiang, J; Lei, F; Yang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" Statistical experimental design methodology was firstly applied as a tool to select the process variable solids loading at 15% (w/w) and soybean protein concentration at 12% (w/w), followed by determination of enzyme dosage at 10 FPU/g and hydrolysis time of 24 h."	( Performance targets defined by retro-techno-economic analysis for the use of soybean protein as saccharification additive in an integrated biorefinery. Brondi, MG; Elias, AM; Farinas, CS; Furlan, FF; Giordano, RC, 2020)	0.56
" In addition, using a high treatment dosage of Stevia extract did not lead to better results than a low dosage."	( A comparison of the effects of Stevia extract and metformin on metabolic syndrome indices in rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Amanat, S; Azarpira, N; Koohi-Hosseinabadi, O; Masoumi, SJ; Monabati, A; Nekooeian, AA; Ranjbar, T; Tanideh, N, 2020)	0.56
" The sucrose response threshold of foragers decreased significantly when they were dosed with increasing concentrations of the metal mixtures."	( Joint effects of cadmium and copper on Apis mellifera forgers and larvae. Chen, YF; Di, N; Hladun, KR; Liu, TX; Rust, M; Trumble, JT; Zhang, K; Zhu, ZY, 2020)	0.56
"A 2-week parallel randomized clinical trial with an additional visit conducted 1 week after dosing termination."	( Sucralose Consumption over 2 Weeks in Healthy Subjects Does Not Modify Fasting Plasma Concentrations of Appetite-Regulating Hormones: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Almeda-Valdes, P; Brito-Córdova, GX; Gómez-Díaz, RA; Gómez-Pérez, FJ; Guillén-Pineda, LE; López-Carrasco, MG; Romo-Romo, A, 2020)	0.56
" There was a significant reduction in ambulation at one week after the highest dosage (2."	( Dose- and time-related effects of acute diisopropylfluorophosphate intoxication on forced swim behavior and sucrose preference in rats. Hester, K; Liu, J; Pope, C, 2021)	0.62
" The optimal protocol design regarding dosing time/dose and PD parameters requires further exploration."	( Acarbose bioequivalence: Exploration of eligible protocol design. Chu, N; Ding, Y; He, Q; Huang, K; Qian, Z; Que, L; Yang, J, 2021)	0.62
" Study 1 aimed to determine appropriate dosing time by comparing the PD effect of acarbose between two administration methods."	( Acarbose bioequivalence: Exploration of eligible protocol design. Chu, N; Ding, Y; He, Q; Huang, K; Qian, Z; Que, L; Yang, J, 2021)	0.62
" The appropriate dosing time was concomitant administration of sucrose and acarbose, and the optimal dose was 2 × 50 mg."	( Acarbose bioequivalence: Exploration of eligible protocol design. Chu, N; Ding, Y; He, Q; Huang, K; Qian, Z; Que, L; Yang, J, 2021)	0.62
" The results showed that the inulin production reached the maximum, approximately 287 g/L after 7 h, when sucrose concentration and enzyme dosage were 700 g/L and 4 U/mL, respectively."	( [Characterization of inulosucrase and the enzymatic synthesis of inulin]. Chen, Z; Mu, W; Ni, D; Xu, W; Zhang, W, 2021)	0.62
" Besides, the impact of various additives on pretreated substrate enzymatic hydrolysis confirmed that Tween 80 was the best enzymatic additive, which could significantly improve the glucose produced from pretreated SCB and remarkably reduce the hydrolysis time (from 72 h to 48 h) and enzyme dosage (from 20 FPU/g pretreated solid to 10 FPU/g pretreated solid)."	( Investigation of choline chloride-formic acid pretreatment and Tween 80 to enhance sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis. Jin, Y; Ling, R; Wei, W; Wu, W; Yuan, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The increase of the transgene dosage from one to two and four copies enhanced proportionally the extracellular yield of the recombinant enzyme (r-TmDEX) without inhibiting cell growth."	( Removal of bacterial dextran in sugarcane juice by Talaromyces minioluteus dextranase expressed constitutively in Pichia pastoris. Borges, D; Chacón, O; Fuentes, AD; Hernández, L; Martínez, D; Menéndez, C; Pérez, ER; Ramírez, R; Sobrino, A, 2021)	0.62
" In comparison to Xlt, XCDs have higher inhibitory potential and reduced dosage size of antimicrobials against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli by 75%, 75%, 87."	( Fluorescent xylitol carbon dots: A potent antimicrobial agent and drug carrier. Ahuja, V; Banerjee, S; Bhatt, AK; Roy, P, 2022)	0.72
" The results demonstrate that PRG NPs could successfully achieve both reduced administered dosage and burst release, and therefore that PSPIDS is a promising long-acting composite system for hydrophobic drugs."	( Novel injectable progesterone-loaded nanoparticles embedded in SAIB-PLGA in situ depot system for sustained drug release. Cao, Z; Gou, J; He, H; Tang, X; Wang, Y; Yin, T; Zhang, Y, 2021)	0.62
"Depending on their concentrations the surface-active substances, tensides (surfactants) can positively or negatively influence the drug absorption, which is widely used in the design of the dosage forms with controlled release."	( In-Vivo Analysis and Model-Based Prediction of Tensides' Influence on Drug Absorption. Babinec, A; Murgaš, J; Pavlovičová, J; Tárník, M; Vitko, A; Vitková, Z, 2021)	0.62
" However, nanocrystals are prepared as aqueous suspensions, and once the suspensions are dried for development of solid dosage forms, the nanocrystals agglomerate as large particles to reduce the excess surface energy."	( Development of Fully Redispersible Dried Nanocrystals by Using Sucrose Laurate as Stabilizer for Increasing Surface Area and Dissolution Rate of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Prajapati, H; Serajuddin, ATM, 2022)	0.72
"Including allele, dosage can improve genomic selection in highly polyploid species under higher frequency of different heterozygous genotypic classes and high dominance degree levels."	( Genomic prediction with allele dosage information in highly polyploid species. Batista, LG; Margarido, GRA; Mello, VH; Souza, AP, 2022)	0.72
"In vitro biofilm models have been extensively used, but only few of the models available to date had been validated in terms of the dose-response effect of anti-caries and/or antimicrobial substances."	( Validation of a cariogenic biofilm model by evaluating the effect of fluoride on enamel demineralization. Cury, JA; Marin, LM; Siqueira, WL, 2022)	0.72
" However, ESI stress induced an upward shift of heroin dose-response curve in female mice and increased motivation and seeking for heroin in both sexes."	( Early social isolation stress increases addiction vulnerability to heroin and alters c-Fos expression in the mesocorticolimbic system. Davis, A; Singh, A; Wang, ZJ; Xie, Y, 2022)	0.72
" There were improvements in staff knowledge of sucrose dosing and perceived behavior of staff after completing the education."	( Improving Consistency in the Use of Sucrose With Comfort Measures During Minor Painful Procedures. Goodwin, J; Vykol, V; Wilson, J, 2023)	0.91
" Change ideas tested included training of staff and doctors, providing dosage chart in NICU, method of administration of sucrose, affixing sucrose vial to baby bed, using prefilled sucrose syringe and bedside availability of sucrose and checklist for documentation."	( Implementing use of sucrose analgesia (non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain) in a standalone private facility level 3 neonatal care unit using point of care quality improvement methodology. Bajaj, R; Bhave, S; Chikhlondhe, R; Loya, S; Sawleshwarkar, K; Singh, M, 2022)	0.72
" CTL and SS females did not differ in intake, although their dose-response curves differed when tested soon after the SS."	( Effect of social instability stress in adolescence or adulthood on sensitivity to sucrose concentration in a social context in male and female Long-Evans rats. Baumbach, JL; Herlehy, RA; Lim, S; McCormick, CM; Murray, SH; van Wingerden, M, 2022)	0.72
" Therefore, various ways of SCB modifications (including physical, chemical, and composite formation), essential optimal operational conditions (solution pH, dosage of biosorbent, initial metal concentration, contact time, agitation speed, temperature, suitable isotherm and kinetic model) and involving adsorption mechanism were also studied."	( Potential of sugarcane bagasse in remediation of heavy metals: A review. Chauhan, MS; Pal, SL; Raj, V, 2022)	0.72
" The adding of SL into the enzymatic hydrolysis step could significantly lower the cellulase dosage and hydrolysis time from 20 FPU/g and 72 h to 10 FPU/g and 24 h, respectively, meanwhile keeping a high glucose yield of 90."	( Enhancement of sugar release from sugarcane bagasse through NaOH-catalyzed ethylene glycol pretreatment and water-soluble sulfonated lignin. Qi, J; Wang, B; Wang, X; Wei, W; Xiao, Y; Xie, M; Xu, J; Yu, Z; Zhao, W, 2022)	0.72
" Following an oral glucose challenge (Day 77), dietary chromium levels did not affect plasma glucose, but fasting plasma insulin and insulin at 30 and 60 min after dosing were higher in the LCr group compared to the NCr group."	( A low chromium diet increases body fat, energy intake and circulating triglycerides and insulin in male and female rats fed a moderately high-fat, high-sucrose diet from peripuberty to young adult age. Bertinato, J; Griffin, P, 2023)	0.91
"We performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to assess the association of total sugars, added sugars, fructose, and sucrose with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality."	( Total sugar, added sugar, fructose, and sucrose intake and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hu, D; Huang, C; Liang, Z; Ma, J; Qin, P; Yao, F, 2023)	0.91
" Pooled relative risks and 95% CIs were calculated by random effect models, and the linear and non-linear dose-response associations were explored by restricted cubic splines."	( Total sugar, added sugar, fructose, and sucrose intake and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hu, D; Huang, C; Liang, Z; Ma, J; Qin, P; Yao, F, 2023)	0.91
" Three of these saccharides, having close and low-moderate degrees of hydrolysis by brush border enzymes, were also evaluated in vivo for their glycaemic effects by measuring plasma levels of glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) 0-180 min after administration of a single dosage after an overnight fast (i."	( Brush border enzyme hydrolysis and glycaemic effects of isomaltulose compared to other saccharides in dogs. Bosch, G; Corbee, RJ; de Jong, GAH; Mes, JJ; Neumer, F; Theis, S; van den Dool, RTM, 2023)	0.91
" First, the effects of RLX-33 were tested on alcohol and sucrose self-administration in Wistar and alcohol-preferring P rats to determine the dose-response profile and specificity for alcohol."	( Novel RXFP3 negative allosteric modulator RLX-33 reduces alcohol self-administration in rats. Besheer, J; Gay, EA; Guan, D; Jin, C; Lin, S; Liu, J; Liu, W; Lovelock, DF; Van Voorhies, KJ, 2023)	0.91
" acidophilus in sucrose and maltodextrin TFF powder, even in the capsule-in-capsule dosage form, bacterial CFU reduction was > 2 logs."	( Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Thin-Film Freeze-Dried Powders Filled in Delayed-Release Vegetarian Capsules in a Simulated Gastric Fluid. Cui, Z; Jara, MO; Kalafat, J; Southard, B; Wang, JL; Williams, RO; Xu, H; Yu, YS, 2023)	0.91

Product Category	Products
Beauty & Personal Care	28
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	56
Food & Beverages	477
Baby & Kids Products	11
Vitamins & Supplements	127
Professional Supplements	5
Household Essentials	2
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	25
Weight Management	32
Pet Supplies	3

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Abra Therapeutics Detox Complexion Wash Lavender & Grapefruit -- 4 fl oz	Abra Therapeutics	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, vitamin E, tocopherol, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Acure Brightening Vitamin C Jelly Mask -- 1 fl oz	Acure	Beauty & Personal Care	3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid, caffeine, panthenol, ferulic acid, glycerin, maltodextrin, sodium lactate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls - Curl Define Custard -- 8 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, limonene, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Alaffia Beautiful Curls Curl Defining Gel -- 8 fl oz	Alaffia	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, limonene, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Grass Fed Whey Protein Unflavored -- 2 lbs	Amazing Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy and Brian Coconut Water Original -- 17.5 fl oz	Amy and Brian	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy and Brian Coconut Water With Pulp -- 17.5 fl oz	Amy and Brian	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Attitude Leaves Bar Soap Orange Cardamom -- 4 oz	Attitude	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, propanediol, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babo Botanicals Moisturizing Shampoo & Wash Oat & Calendula -- 8 fl oz	Babo Botanicals	Baby & Kids Products	chamomile, glucono delta lactone, glycerin, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badia Fajita Seasoning -- 9.5 oz	Badia	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Badia Garlic Salt -- 4.5 oz	Badia	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bela Kosher Sardines In Lemon Sauce -- 4.23 oz	Bela	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbs	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Citrucel Methylcellulose Fiber Therapy for Regularity Orange -- 30 oz	Citrucel	Vitamins & Supplements	Dibasic Calcium Phosphate, 2 g, Maltodextrin, Potassium Citrate, Riboflavin, Sucrose, Titanium Dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
cocokind Daily Facial Sunscreen Lotion SPF 32 -- 1.07 fl oz	cocokind	Beauty & Personal Care	C8 alcohol, bisabolol, cetearyl alcohol, tocopherol, tocopherol, glycerin, isostearic acid, glyceryl caprylate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Liposomal Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin Liquid Spray - Sugar-Free - Vegan Methyl B12 Mixed Berry -- 2 fl oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Plant Based Vitamin D3 + K2 Liquid Drops - Sugar-Free - Vegan Vitamins D + K -MK-7- Supplement Orange -- 2 fl oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Sugar, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cup 4 Cup Gluten Free Multipurpose Flour -- 3 lbs	Cup 4 Cup	Food & Beverages	Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Classic Bubble Bath Brown Sugar Vanilla -- 17 fl oz	Deep Steep	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Classic Foaming Hand Wash Brown Sugar Vanilla -- 8 fl oz	Deep Steep	Household Essentials	glycerin, glyceryl caprylate, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Classic Liquid Hand Wash Brown Sugar Vanilla -- 17.6 fl oz	Deep Steep	Household Essentials	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Classic Sugar Scrub Brown Sugar Vanilla -- 8 oz	Deep Steep	Beauty & Personal Care	Sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Classic Sugar Scrub Vanilla Coconut -- 8 oz	Deep Steep	Beauty & Personal Care	Sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deep Steep Premium Beauty Therapeutic Foot Scrub Candy Mint -- 8 oz	Deep Steep	Beauty & Personal Care	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Derma E Pure Biome Balancing Cleanser -- 6 fl oz	Derma E	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, decyl glucoside, panthenol, glycerin, xanthophyll, stearyl alcohol, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco Lips Lipscrub Vanilla Bean -- 0.5 oz	Eco Lips	Beauty & Personal Care	Calendula, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Stevia, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Everyone Super Scalp Scrub - Peppermint + Tea Tree -- 8 oz	Everyone	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, betaine, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, tocopherol, glycerin, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, glyceryl caprylate, propanediol, Sucrose, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genova Yellowfin Can Tuna in Water with Sea Salt -- 5 oz	Genova	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Baby Snacks Stage 2 Non-GMO Arrowroot Biscuits -- 5.5 oz	Gerber	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gerber Grain & Grow Stage 2 Puff Snack Non-GMO Blueberry -- 1.48 oz	Gerber	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Giovanni Sugar Scrub Hot Chocolate -- 9 oz	Giovanni	Beauty & Personal Care	vitamin E, vitamin E, Sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens World Inc. Delicious Greens 8000 Mocha Cafe -- 10.6 oz	Greens World Inc.	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens World Inc. Delicious Greens 8000® Chocolate -- 10.6 oz	Greens World Inc.	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Stevia, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens World Inc. Delicious Reds 8000 Fruit Punch -- 10.6 oz	Greens World Inc.	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens World Inc. Delicious Reds 8000 Strawberry Kiwi -- 10.6 oz	Greens World Inc.	Vitamins & Supplements	lipase, citric acid, Vitamin C, cellulase, citric acid, Stevia, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Cherry -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Melon -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Mint -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Beet Root Gummies Mixed Berry -- 120 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Beet Root Gummies Mixed Berry -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, Pomegranate Juice, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Biotin Gummies -- 90 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Elderberry Gummies -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Elderberry Gummies for Kids -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Omega3 6 9 + DHA Gummies -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Omega-3, Docosahexaenoic Acid, malic acid, sodium citrate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Premium Multivitamin Gummies Natural Fruit -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Saw Palmetto Gummies Raspberry -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Vitamin C Gummies -- 60 Gummies	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, trisodium citrate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Health Direct Ready Fiber -- 15 fl oz	Health Direct	Vitamins & Supplements	glycerin, phosphoric acid, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hengstenberg Red Cabbage with Apple -- 24 oz	Hengstenberg	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Cough Syrup with Honey -- 5 fl oz	Herbion	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals - All Natural Cough Drops Cherry -- 18 Drops	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, menthol, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals - All Natural Cough Drops Honey Lemon -- 25 Drops	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, menthol, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals - All Natural Cough Drops Mint -- 18 Drops	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, menthol, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals - Respiratory Care Lemon -- 10 Sachets	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	menthol, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals Childrens Cough Syrup Honey and Cherry -- 5 fl oz	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, glycerin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Herbion Naturals Cough Drops Cherry -- 25 Drops	Herbion	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, menthol, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Himalaya PartySmart Electrolytes Lemon Lime -- 6 Stick Packs	Himalaya	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside-A, Sodium Citrate, Cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Gluten Free Chickpea Puffs Bohemian Barbecue -- 4 oz	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Gluten Free Chickpea Puffs Nacho Vibes -- 4 oz	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Gluten Free Chickpea Puffs Sriracha Sunshine -- 4 oz	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Vegan Puffs White Cheddar -- 4 oz	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Vegan Puffs White Cheddar -- 6 Bags	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippeas Vegan Puffs White Cheddar -- 8 oz	Hippeas	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hippie Snacks Banana Bread Crisp Chocolate -- 2.5 oz	Hippie Snacks	Food & Beverages	ascorbic acid, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
HomeFree Gluten Free Mini Cookies Chocolate Chip -- 5 oz	HomeFree	Food & Beverages	chocolate chips, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Almond Pumpkin Seed Nut + Seed Bar -- 12 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Oat + Honey Bar Chocolate Chocolate Chip -- 12 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Oat + Honey Bar Original -- 12 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Peanut & Sunflower Nut + Seed Bars -- 12 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hotpot Queen Chili Crisp Crunchy Garlic -- 10.58 oz	Hotpot Queen	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hotpot Queen Chili Sauce Wild Mushroom -- 10.58 oz	Hotpot Queen	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
House Of Tsang Dipping Sauce Bangkok Peanut -- 11.5 oz	House Of Tsang	Food & Beverages	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin A, spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Multivitamin Jelly Beans Essential Vitamins Plus Zinc Berry Blast -- 120 Jelly Beans	Human Beanz	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Probiotic Jelly Beans Digestive Support Strawberry Blast -- 120 Jelly Beans	Human Beanz	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, maltodextrin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Vitamin B-12 Jelly Beans Energy Support Berry Blast -- 120 Beans	Human Beanz	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, maltodextrin, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Vitamin C Jelly Beans Immune Health Citrus Blast -- 120 Jelly Beans	Human Beanz	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, curcumin, maltodextrin, sodium citrate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Human Beanz Vitamin D3 Jelly Beans Bone & Immune Health Support Strawberry Blast -- 120 Jelly Beans	Human Beanz	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, beta carotene, Vitamin D3, citric acid, maltodextrin, sodium citrate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydrant Hydrate + Energy Electrolyte Drink Mix Raspberry Lemonade -- 12 Sticks	Hydrant	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, caffeine, citric acid, malic acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydrant Hydrate Electrolyte Drink Mix Blood Orange -- 12 Sticks	Hydrant	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, malic acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydrant Hydrate Electrolyte Drink Mix No Added Sugar Lemonade -- 12 Sticks	Hydrant	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hydroxycut Hardcore Ultra Shred Gummies Sweet Heat -- 60 Gummies	Hydroxycut	Weight Management	citric acid, citric acid, Vitamin B6, sodium citrate, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Creamy Chicken -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Roasted Pork Tonkotsu -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	agar, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Spicy Red Miso -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Imperial Elixir Siberian Eleuthero and Royal Jelly Extract -- 10 mL - 30 Bottles	Imperial Elixir	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jakemans Throat & Chest Flavored Lozenges Anise -- 30 Lozenges	Jakemans	Vitamins & Supplements	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Body Wash Pampering Himalayan Pink Salt -- 30 fl oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, citric acid, benzyl alcohol, camphor, citric acid, panthenol, triethyl citrate, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, linalyl acetate, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jennies Coconut Bites Dairy Free Gluten Free Double Chocolate -- 5.25 oz	Jennies	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jennies Coconut Bites Dairy Free Gluten Free Very Vanilla -- 5.25 oz	Jennies	Food & Beverages	invert sugar, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Junkless Chewy Granola Bars Chocolate Chip -- 6 Bars	Junkless	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Junkless Chewy Granola Bars Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip -- 6 Bars	Junkless	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Junkless Chewy Granola Bars Strawberry -- 6 Bars	Junkless	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Juven Therapeutic Nutrition Drink Powder Mix Fruit Punch -- 30 Packets	Juven	Professional Supplements	citric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, sugar, sucralose, Vitamin B12, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Juven Therapeutic Nutrition Drink Powder Mix Orange -- 30 Packets	Juven	Professional Supplements	citric acid, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, sugar, sucralose, Vitamin B12, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Chinese Stir-Fry Sauce -- 3 oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	vinegar, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Cooking & Dipping Sauce No High Fructose Corn Syrup Spicy Orange -- 9 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	cloves, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Duck Sauce -- 8.5 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	vinegar, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Hoisin Sauce -- 8 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	vinegar, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Oyster Sauce -- 7.1 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Sauce & Marinade No High Fructose Corn Syrup Korean Barbecue -- 10 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Sauce & Marinade No High Fructose Corn Syrup Teryiaki -- 8 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Sriracha Sauce -- 7 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	citric acid,, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KA-ME Sweet Chili Sauce -- 7 fl oz	KA-ME	Food & Beverages	vinegar, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal D-3 Sugarless Chewables Cinnamon -- 2000 IU - 100 Chewables	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	cellulose, stearic acid, sucrose, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Breakfast Cereal Toasted Berry Crumble -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, Phosphorus, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Chocolate Crunch -- 12.2 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Cinnamon Crunch -- 13.8 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Honey Almond Flax Crunch -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Crunch! Protein Cereal Peanut Butter Crunch -- 13.2 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Go Original -- 14 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	Phosphorus, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kashi Strawberry Banana Smoothie Loops -- 10 oz	Kashi	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle & Fire Hearty Soup Organic Italian-Style Wedding -- 16 oz	Kettle & Fire	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Air Fried Kettle Chips Jalepeno -- 4.25 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Krinkle Cut Potato Chips Truffle and Seat Salt -- 5 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Krinkle Potato Chips Habanero Lime -- 5 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Backyard Barbecue -- 13 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Backyard Barbeque -- 5 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Parmesan Garlic -- 5 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Pepperoncini -- 5 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, citric acid, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Non GMO Gluten Free Air Fried Party Size Jalapeno -- 11.25 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Non GMO Gluten Free Krinkle Cut Party Size Dill Pickle -- 13 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kettle Brand Potato Chips Party Size Jalapeno -- 13 oz	Kettle Brand	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kikkoman Hoisin Sauce -- 9.4 oz	Kikkoman	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, citric acid, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Chewy Gluten Free Granola Oat Bars Chocolate Chip -- 10 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Chewy Gluten Free Granola Oat Bars Variety Pack Chocolate Chip & Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip -- 20 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Almond Flour Soft Baked Squares Chocolate Brownie -- 6 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Almond Butter -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Blueberry Almond -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Dark Chocolate Cocoa -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Honey Oat -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Peanut Butter -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Breakfast Protein Bars Peanut Butter Banana Dark Chocolate -- 6 Packs	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Cereal Oats Bars Peanut Butter -- 6 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Chewy Minis Oat Bars Peanut Butter -- 10 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Dark Chocolate -- 11 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin E, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Oats & Honey with Toasted Coconut -- 11 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Raspberry with Chia Seeds -- 11 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Vanilla Blueberry -- 11 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	citrus pectin, amaranth, Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycerine, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Family Size Peanut Butter -- 17 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Drizzled Bars Salted Caramel -- 5 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, annatto, vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Oat Granola Bars Dark Chocolate Chunk -- 15 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Oat Granola Bars Oats & Honey -- 15 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Oat Granola Bars Peanut Butter Dark Chocolate -- 15 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Oat Granola Bars Vanilla Blueberry -- 15 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	amaranth, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Almond & Coconut -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Blueberry Vanilla & Cashew -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Caramel Almond & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Cranberry Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Almond Coconut -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Almond Mint -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Cherry Cashew -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin E, vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Mocha Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Nuts & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Madagascar Vanilla Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Maple Glazed Pecan & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Peanut Butter Dark Chocolate -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Pomegranate Blueberry Pistachio -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Nut Butter Filled Snack Bars Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 6 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Double Dark Chocolate Nut -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Snack Mini Bars Caramel Almond & Sea Salt -- 10 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Snack Mini Bars Dark Chocolate Cherry Cashew -- 10 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Snack Mini Bars Dark Chocolate Nuts & Sea Salt -- 10 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Snack Mini Bars Variety Pack Dark Chocolate Nuts & Sea Salt and Caramel Almond & Sea Salt -- 20 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Snack Mini Bars Variety Pack Salted Caramel Dark Chocolate Nut & Dark Chocolate Almond Coconut -- 20 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Kids Bar Tree Nut Free Peanut Free Gluten Free Chocolate Chip -- 5 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Macadamia Nuts Dry Roasted Unsalted -- 7 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Trail Mix Cashew Cranberry Walnut -- 7.5 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Trail Mix Pecan Cranberry Cashew -- 9 oz	KIND	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Buttermilk Pancake Mix -- 16 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Cake Mix Gluten Free Chocolate -- 22 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Cookie Mix Gluten Free Brown Sugar Base -- 16 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, maltodextrin, Vitamin A, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Fudge Brownie Mix Gluten Free -- 17 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, Vitamin A, baking soda, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Gluten Free Muffin Mix -- 16 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, cellulose, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B2, baking soda, Cane sugar, thiamin hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Yellow Cake Mix Gluten Free -- 22 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Foods Cake Mix Gluten Free Angel Food -- 16 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Foods KinniKritters Animal Cookies Gluten Free Chocolate -- 8 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Foods KinniKritters Animal Cookies Gluten Free Vanilla -- 8 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, sodium bicarbonate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Gluten Free Vanilla Wafers -- 6.3 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, mono calcium phosphate, cellulose, sodium bicarbonate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick KinniKritters Graham Style Animal Cookies -- 8 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	mono calcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Kinnitoos Sandwich Cookies Chocolate Crème -- 8 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kinnikinnick Kinnitoos Sandwich Cookies Vanilla -- 8 oz	Kinnikinnick	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, sodium bicarbonate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Gummy Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport Raspberry Lemonade -- 100 Gummies	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium citrate, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Brownie Unleashed Non GMO Chocolate Fudge -- 2.36 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Chewy Granola Bars Protein-Packed Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip -- 5 Bars	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Crunchy Granola Bars Protein-Packed Chocolate Chip -- 6 Pouches	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Crunchy Granola Bars Protein-Packed Cookie Butter -- 6 Pouches	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Crunchy Granola Bars Protein-Packed Maple Brown Sugar -- 6 Pouches	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Crunchy Granola Bars Protein-Packed Peanut Butter -- 6 Pouches	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Flapjack & Waffle Mix Protein Packed Power Cakes 100% Whole Grain Almond Poppy Seed -- 18 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Flapjack & Waffle Mix Protein Packed Power Cakes 100% Whole Grain Birthday Cake with Sprinkles -- 18 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, monocalcium phosphate, tumeric, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Flapjack & Waffle Mix Protein Packed Power Cakes 100% Whole Grain Blueberry -- 18 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Flapjack Power Cup Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2.36 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Flapjack Power Cup Cinnamon & Maple -- 2.25 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, palm, Vitamin A, sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Graham Crackers Bear Bites Protein Packed 100% Whole Grain Non GMO Honey -- 8.47 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Hearty Instant Oatmeal 100% Whole Grain Blueberries & Cream -- 10.58 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Muffin Mix Blueberry -- 14 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Muffin Power Cup Double Dark Chocolate -- 2.36 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes No-Bake Protein Bite Mix Protein Balls 100% Whole Grain Non GMO Birthday Cake -- 7.05 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Non-GMO Protein-Packed Chewy Granola Bars Double Chocolate -- 5 Bars	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Oatmeal Unleashed Chocolate Chip -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 6	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Oatmeal Unleashed Cinnamon -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 6	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Peak Oatmeal Packets Lower Sugar 20 g Protein Banana Nut -- 4 Packs	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Peak Oatmeal Packets Lower Sugar 20 g Protein Berries & Cream -- 4 Packs	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Power Cakes Flapjack and Waffle Mix Chocolate Chip -- 18 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Power Cakes Flapjack and Waffle Mix Cinnamon Oat -- 20 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Power Cakes Flapjack and Waffle Mix Dark Chocolate -- 18 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	mono-calcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Protein Balls Oatmeal Chocolate Chip -- 12.7 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Protein Packed Graham Cracker Bear Bites Chocolate -- 9 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Protein Packed Graham Cracker Bear Bites Cinnamon -- 9 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Protein-Packed Muffin Mix Blueberry Lemon -- 14 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kodiak Cakes Protein-Packed Muffin Mix Double Dark Chocolate -- 14 oz	Kodiak Cakes	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kori Multi Benefit Omega-3 Gummies Natural Mixed Citrus -- 120 Gummies	Kori	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, l-ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Koyo Dry Ramen Lemongrass Ginger -- 2.1 oz	Koyo	Food & Beverages	black pepper, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Koyo Ramen Made With Organic Noodles Garlic Pepper -- 2.1 oz	Koyo	Food & Beverages	black pepper, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Koyo Rice Ramen Noodle Soup Spicy Kimchi -- 6 Cups	Koyo	Food & Beverages	malt sugar, calcium sulfate, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Koyo Rice Ramen Noodle Soup Spicy Szechauan -- 6 Cups	Koyo	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Koyo Rice Ramen Noodle Soup Wakame Miso -- 6 Cups	Koyo	Food & Beverages	calcium sulfate, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kuhne Pickles Original Garlic -- 24.3 oz	Kuhne	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kuhne Red Cabbage -- 24 oz	Kuhne	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kuhne Sauerkraut Traditional German Barrel -- 28.5 oz	Kuhne	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kuhne Sliced Beets Original -- 15.1 oz	Kuhne	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Fruit & Nut Bar Gluten Free No Sugar Added Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough -- 8 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Fruit & Nut Bar Gluten Free No Sugar Added Chocolate Peanut Caramel Truffle -- 8 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Fruit & Nut Bar Gluten Free No Sugar Added Chocolate Raspberry Truffle -- 8 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free Fruit & Nut Bar Almond Butter Chocolate Chip -- 16 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Larabar Gluten Free Mini Bar Mint Chocolate Chip -- 20 Bars	Larabar	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Late July Tortilla Chips Garden Ranch -- 7.8 oz	Late July	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Late July Tortilla Chips Mexican Street Corn -- 7.8 oz	Late July	Food & Beverages	vinegar, lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Late July Tortilla Chips Made With Organic Yellow Corn Gluten Free Hawaiian Habenero -- 7.8 oz	Late July	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Original Fat Burning Protein Shake Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	lipase, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, glutamine, Iodine, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, Thiamin, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Vanilla -- 1.7 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Powder Chocolate -- 31.7 oz	Lean1	Weight Management	Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Leaner Creamer Coconut Oil Creamer Hazelnut -- 9.87 oz	Leaner Creamer	Food & Beverages	Maltodextrin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Leaner Creamer Coconut Oil Creamer Refill Original -- 9.87 oz	Leaner Creamer	Food & Beverages	Maltodextrin, Sugar, Tricalcium Phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legal Sea Foods Gluten Free House Tartar Sauce -- 7.75 oz	Legal Sea Foods	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legal Sea Foods Gluten Free Seafood Remoulade Sauce -- 11 fl oz	Legal Sea Foods	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, annatto, citric acid, cloves, mustard, cane sugar, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legal Sea Foods Gluten Free Tartar Sauce Chipotle -- 7.75 oz	Legal Sea Foods	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legendary Foods Protein Pop Chips Nacho Cheese -- 1.2 oz Each / Pack of 7	Legendary Foods	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legendary Foods Protein Pop Chips Pizza -- 7 Bags	Legendary Foods	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Legendary Foods Protein Pop Chips Ranch -- 1.2 oz Each / Pack of 7	Legendary Foods	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, malic acid, spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Like Air Baked Puffcorn Pancake -- 4 oz	Like Air	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Little Remedies Infant Fever-Pain Reliever Natural Berry -- 2 fl oz	Little Remedies	Baby & Kids Products	glycerin, microcrystalline cellulose, Pain Reliever / Fever Reducer, sodium benzoate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Little Remedies Sore Throat Pops Honey -- 10 Pops	Little Remedies	Baby & Kids Products	sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Live Love Pop Popcorn Cheddar & Sour Cream -- 4.4 oz	Live Love Pop	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Loacker Quadratini Wafer Cookies Bite Sized Non GMO Crème Filled Chocolate -- 8.82 oz	Loacker	Food & Beverages	sodium hydrogen carbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Loacker Quadratini Wafer Cookies Bite Sized Non GMO Crème Filled Lemon -- 8.82 oz	Loacker	Food & Beverages	sodium hydrogen carbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Loacker Quadratini Wafer Cookies Bite Sized Non GMO Crème Filled Vanilla -- 8.82 oz	Loacker	Food & Beverages	sodium hydrogen carbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Biscoff Cookie Butter -- 14.1 oz	Lotus	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Biscoff Cookies -- 8.8 oz	Lotus	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Biscoff Cookies with Belgian Chocolate -- 5.4 oz	Lotus	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Cookie Butter Crunchy -- 13.4 oz	Lotus	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Buckwheat Mushroom Rice Ramen with Vegetable Broth -- 2.8 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Corn Gluten Free Roasted Crunchy Corn Salt & Vinegar -- 4 oz	Love Corn	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, malic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Love Corn Gluten Free Roasted Crunchy Corn Vegan Cheesy -- 4 oz	Love Corn	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lundberg Rice Chips Barbecue -- 5.5 oz	Lundberg	Food & Beverages	black pepper, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lundberg Risotto Creamy Parmesan -- 5.5 oz	Lundberg	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, spice, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lundberg Risotto Garlic Primavera -- 5.5 oz	Lundberg	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, black pepper, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mackays Curd Lemon -- 12 oz	Mackays	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mackays Marmalade Orange with Champagne -- 12 oz	Mackays	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mackays Marmalade Three Fruit -- 12 oz	Mackays	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mackays Preserve Ginger -- 12 oz	Mackays	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mackays The Dundee Marmalade Orange -- 12 oz	Mackays	Food & Beverages	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MadeGood Organic Gluten Free Cookies Vanilla -- 7 oz	MadeGood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, baking soda, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MadeGood Organic Gluten Free Soft Baked Mini Cookies Double Chocolate -- 5 Pouches	MadeGood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, cane sugar, Thiamin, vanilla, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MadeGood Organic Gluten Free Soft Baked Mini Cookies Red Velvet -- 5 Pouches	MadeGood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, cane sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maille Old Style Mustard -- 7.3 oz	Maille	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maine Crisp Buckwheat Crackers Gluten Free Grain Free Cranberry Almond -- 4 oz	Maine Crisp	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maine Crisp Buckwheat Crackers Gluten Free Grain Free Wild Blueberry Walnut -- 4 oz	Maine Crisp	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maple Grove Farms Dressing Strawberry Balsamic -- 12 fl oz	Maple Grove Farms	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Marukan Vinegar Seasoned Gourmet Rice Vinegar -- 12 fl oz	Marukan Vinegar	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 750 mg - 60 Gummies	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	citrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Probiotic Acidophilus & Bifidus -- 2 billion CFU - 100 Chewable Wafers	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, fructose, microcrystalline cellulose, Sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Sambucus Elderberry with Echinacea & Propolis Raspberry -- 60 Gummies	Mason Natural	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Vitamin E C & Beta Carotene Antioxidant Formula -- 60 Tablets	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, sucrose, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Indian Simmer Sauce Goan Coconut -- 12.5 oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Indian Simmer Sauce Tikka Masala -- 12.5 oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, vitamin D3, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Soup Spiced Lentil -- 17.4 fl oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	black pepper, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Soup Creamy Chickpea Kale -- 17.6 fl oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	black pepper, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Soup Creamy Spiced Butternut -- 17.6 oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Maya Kaimal Soup Tomato & Warm Spices -- 17.6 oz	Maya Kaimal	Food & Beverages	black pepper, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Metamucil 4-in-1 Psyllium Fiber Supplement Orange -- 36.8 oz	Metamucil	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric Acid, Aspartame, Citric Acid, Maltodextrin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Metamucil Fiber Thins Chocolate -- 12 Packets	Metamucil	Vitamins & Supplements	fructose, sodium bicarbonate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Metamucil Meta MultiGrain Fiber Wafers Apple Crisp -- 12 Packets	Metamucil	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Fructose, Vitamin A, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Metamucil Psyllium Fiber Supplement Orange -- 48.2 oz	Metamucil	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mezcla Puff Crispy Bar Maple Blueberry -- 12 Bars	Mezcla	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mezcla Puff Crispy Bar Matcha Vanilla -- 12 Bars	Mezcla	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mezcla Puff Crispy Bar Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 12 Bars	Mezcla	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mighty Spark Chicken Snack Sticks Honey & Jalapeno -- 4 oz	Mighty Spark	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mighty Spark Chicken Snack Sticks Original Sea Salt & Pepper -- 4 oz	Mighty Spark	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Gluten Free Brown Butter -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	baking soda, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Gluten Free Salted Peanut Butter -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Chocolate Chip -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar, vanilla, vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Dutch Chocolate Chip -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	baking soda, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Oatmeal Coconut -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar, vanilla, vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mightylicious Cookies Vegan Gluten Free Oatmeal Raisin -- 6.5 oz	Mightylicious	Food & Beverages	cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Milkadamia Macadamia Milk Barista -- 32 fl oz	Milkadamia	Food & Beverages	potassium citrate, potassium phosphate, cane sugar, calcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Milkadamia Macadamia Milk Original -- 32 fl oz	Milkadamia	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mina Organic Full Leaf Green Tea Shara -- 4.2 oz	Mina	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miracle Noodle Ready-To-Eat-Meal Thai Tom Yum -- 9.9 oz	Miracle Noodle	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Bread & Muffin Mix Banana -- 12.35 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Brownie Baking Mix Double Chocolate -- 14.67 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	chocolate chips, baking soda, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Every Day Cookie Mix Monster -- 10.57 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	beta carotene, chocolate chips, baking soda, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones EveryDay Delicious Cookie Mix Chocolate Chip -- 13 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	chocolate chips, baking soda, sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Gluten Free Oat Pancake & Waffle Mix Confetti Pop -- 13.99 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	beta-carotene, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Muffin & Bread Mix Blueberry -- 12.33 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Miss Jones Organic Frosting Confetti Pop -- 11.98 oz	Miss Jones	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM B-12 Methylcobalamin -- 2000 mcg - 60 Lozenges	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Folic Acid, orange flavor, maltodextrin, sorbitol, Sucrose, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM BCAA+G Reload™ Watermelon -- 11.6 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, L-Glutamine, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Driven Pre-Workout Boost Strawberry Kiwi -- 12.3 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Hydration + Electrolyte Boost Blueberry Acai -- 4.76 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Hydration + Electrolyte Boost Orange Mango -- 4.76 oz	MRM	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Nutrition Vegan Vitamin D3 & K2 -- 60 Vegan Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Superfoods Raw Organic Baobab Powder -- 8.5 oz	MRM	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Vegan Bone Maximizer -- 120 Vegan Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, maltodextrin, sucrose, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Vegan Vitamin D3 -- 2500 IU - 60 Vegan Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	maltodextrin, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Vegan Vitamin D3 -- 5000 IU - 60 Vegan Capsules	MRM	Vitamins & Supplements	maltodextrin, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mum-Mum Baby Teething Wafers Banana -- 12 Packs	Mum-Mum	Baby & Kids Products	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Cell-Tech Creatine Formula Fruit Punch -- 3 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-Alanine, amaranth, Vitamin C, L-Isoleucine, Vitamin B6, Sugar, Taurine, Alpha lipoic acid, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Nitro-Tech™ Performance Series Vanilla -- 4 lbs	MuscleTech	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	acesulfame-potassium, acesulfame-potassium, L-alanine, L-glutamine, Glycine, L-isoleucine, Sugar, Taurine, L-valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Chocolate Candy Ganache -- 12 Cookies	My Cookie Dealer	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	red 40, calcium acetate, dextrin, lactose, chocolate chips, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium propionate, sugar, yellow 5 lake	2024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Chocolate Chip -- 12 Cookies	My Cookie Dealer	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	niacin, riboflavin, baking soda, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Double Chocolate Chip -- 12 Cookies	My Cookie Dealer	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, baking soda, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
My Cookie Dealer Protein Cookies Milk & Cookies -- 12 Cookies	My Cookie Dealer	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	folic acid, invert sugar, niacin, phosphoric acid, vitamin B2, baking soda, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MyChelle Dermaceuticals Strengthen Creamy Pumpkin Cleanser -- 4.4 fl oz	MyChelle Dermaceuticals	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, astaxanthin, behenyl alcohol, glycerin, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, phenethyl alcohol, nutmeg, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Namaste Foods Blondie Mix Gluten Free -- 15 oz	Namaste Foods	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Namaste Foods Gluten Free Cake Mix Spice -- 26 oz	Namaste Foods	Food & Beverages	baking soda, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Namaste Foods Gluten Free Muffin & Scone Mix -- 16 oz	Namaste Foods	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Namaste Foods Gluten Free Scone Mix Lemon -- 8 oz	Namaste Foods	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, sodium bicarbonate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Namaste Foods Perfect Flour Blend Gluten Free -- 48 oz	Namaste Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Soothing Night Adult Gummies -- 50 Gummies	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart Protein & Greens Vanilla Crème -- 22.8 oz	Naturade	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, GI, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Nectar Cracklebred Gluten Free Original -- 3.5 oz	Natural Nectar	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Hair Skin Nails Adult Gummies Mixed Berry, Cranberry & Blueberry -- 150 Gummies	Nature Made	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, lactic acid, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Dark Protein Bar Dark Chocolate Almond with Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Dark Bars Gluten Free Chocolate Chocolate Chip -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Dark Bars Gluten Free Chocolate Coconut -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Dark Bars Gluten Free Chocolate Pretzel -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Dark Bars Gluten Free Peanut Butter Cup -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Free Bar Dark Chocolate Crunch -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Slim Bars Gluten Free Chocolate Mint -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Slim Bars Gluten Free Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Stronger Protein Bars Peanut Cluster -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, glycerin, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Dark Bars Gluten Free Mint Chocolate Chip -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Dark Bars Gluten Free Mocha Chocolate -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Slim Bars Gluten Free Brownie Crunch -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Slim Bars Gluten Free Raspberry Truffle -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Original Protein Bar Churro -- 1.76 oz Each / Pack of 15	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Plant Protein Powder 25 Servings Chocolate -- 2 lbs	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Plant Protein Powder 26 Servings Vanilla -- 2 lbs	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Protein Bars Orange Smoothie -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, Folic Acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate Banana -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, vitamin B9, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Coffee -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	D-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Vanilla Yogurt -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, Phosphorus, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, beet sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Biotin Hair Skin & Nails Gummies Natural Strawberry -- 10000 mcg - 60 Vegan Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, Biotin, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Elderberry Gummies Sambucus Immune Support Natural Berry -- 60 Gummies	NutraChamps	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Melatonin Soothing Sleep Support Gummies For Adults Natural Berry -- 60 Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, sodium citrate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Sleep Melatonin & Soothing Herbs Gummies For Kids & Adults Natural Berry -- 60 Vegan Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, sodium citrate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Tart Cherry Gummies Natural Cherry -- 2000 mg - 60 Vegan Gummies	NutraChamps	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Turmeric & Ginger Gummies Natural Tropical Fruit -- 60 Gummies	NutraChamps	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citrus pectin, citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin C 5-In-1 Antioxidant Immune Support Gummies Natural Orange & Cherry -- 60 Vegan Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin D3 + B12 Gummies Raspberry -- 60 Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Zinc Premium Blend With Zinc, Vitamin D3, Elderberry & Echinacea Extracts Fruit -- 90 Gummies	NutraChamps	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, glycerin, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Research ISOFIT - 30 Servings Cookies & Cream -- 2.3 lbs	Nutrex Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	folic acid, niacin, vitamin B2, sugar, vitamin B1, sucralose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri Super Cranberry Gummies -- 60 Gummies	Nutri	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Endurance - Informed Sport Certified - Canister Lemon Lime -- 11 oz	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Chloride, citric acid, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Endurance - Informed Sport Certified - Canister Strawberry Lemonade -- 11 oz	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, calcium citrate, Chloride, citric acid, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Endurance - Informed Sport Certified - Sachet Box Lemon Lime -- 12 Packets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Chloride, citric acid, magnesium citrate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Blueberry Pomegranate -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, Sugar, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Off the Eaten Path Chickpea Veggie Crisps -- 6.25 oz	Off the Eaten Path	Food & Beverages	calcium lactate, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ojai Cook Lemonaise™ Light -- 12 fl oz	Ojai Cook	Food & Beverages	distilled vinegar, sorbic acid, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olbas Instant WellnessTea -- 7 oz	Olbas	Food & Beverages	chamomile, Grape sugar, menthol, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Active Immunity + Elderberry Support Gummies Berry Brave -- 45 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Selenium, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Adult Multi Probiotic Gummy Tropical Twist -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Collagen Gummy Rings Peach Bellini -- 30 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Daily Energy Tropical Passion -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, lactic acid, beet sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Extra Strength Daily Energy Gummies Berry Yuzu -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Coenzyme Q10, sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Extra Strength Sleep Gummies Blackberry Zen -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Extra Strength Sleep Gummies Blackberry Zen -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Fiber Gummy Rings Berry Melon -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sugar, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Flawless Complexion - Berry Fresh -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric Acid, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Citric Acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Beet Sugar, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Goodbye Stress Berry Verbena -- 42 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, GABA, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Heavenly Hair™ Tropical Citrus -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Biotin, citric acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Hello Happy Tropical Zing -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Keep it Moving Plum Berry -- 30 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Chillax Sunny Sherbet -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Immunity Cherry Berry -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Gummy Worms Sour Fruity Punch -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi Plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 100 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Multi plus Probiotic Yum Berry Punch -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Cane sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Sleep Gummies Razzberry -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Sleep Gummies Razzberry -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Kids Sleep Gummies Razzberry -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Laser Focus - Berry Tangy Tangerine -- 36 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric Acid, Citric Acid, Alpha GPC, Vitamin B6, Cane Sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Metabolism Gummy Rings Snappy Apple -- 30 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Chromium, citric acid, lactic acid, beet sugar, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Muscle Recovery Sleep Berry Rested -- 40 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Probiotic Tropical Mango -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, Cane sugar, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Probiotic Extra Strength Juicy Apple -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, Cane sugar, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Probiotic Plus Prebiotic Peachy Peach -- 30 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, cane sugar, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Sleep Blackberry Zen -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Sleep Gummies Blackberry Zen -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Sleep Gummies Strawberry Sunset -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Teen Girl Multi Berry Melon Besties -- 70 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, beet sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly The Essential Prenatal Sweet Citrus -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, EPA, Folate, Vitamin E, lactic acid, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sugar, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Undeniable Beauty Graprefruit Glam -- 60 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Vibrant Skin Plump Berry -- 50 Gummies	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, palm, citric acid, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olly Immunity Sleep + Elderberry - Midnight Berry -- 36 ct	Olly	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Melatonin, Selenium, beet sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day VitaCraves Adult Multi Gummies -- 150 Gummies	One-A-Day	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, d-biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, sucrose, vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein Powder For Muscle Support and Recovery Cookies & Cream -- 27 Servings	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, niacin, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, sugar, sucralose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein Powder For Muscle Support and Recovery Cookies & Cream -- 68 Servings	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Oregon Chai Tea Latte Original Powdered Mix -- 10 oz	Oregon Chai	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Oregon Chai Tea Latte Original Single Serve Powdered Mix -- 8 Packets	Oregon Chai	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orrington Farms Broth Base & Seasoning Chicken -- 12 oz	Orrington Farms	Food & Beverages	Vit D, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ortiz Ventresca White Tuna Belly in Oil -- 3.88 oz	Ortiz	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Bacon Chedda -- 3 oz	Outstanding Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, cane sugar, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacha Soap Co Holiday Whipped Soap + Scrub - Sugar & Spice -- 8 oz	Pacha Soap Co	Beauty & Personal Care	levulinic acid, sorbitol, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacific Foods Free Range Broth Chicken -- 32 fl oz	Pacific Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ParmCrisps Gluten Free Oven Baked Crisp Sour Cream & Onion -- 5 oz	ParmCrisps	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PB2 Peanut Powder with Cocoa -- 16 oz	PB2	Food & Beverages	Folate, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Petal Fresh Hair ResQ Thickening Conditioner with Biotin -- 13 fl oz	Petal Fresh	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, chamomile, vitamin B7, caffeine, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, niacin, vitamin B5, stearyl alcohol, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Petal Fresh Hair ResQ Thickening Shampoo with Biotin -- 12 fl oz	Petal Fresh	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, chamomile, betaine, vitamin B7, caffeine, citric acid, dehydroacetic acid, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, hexyl cinnamal, menthol, niacin, vitamin B5, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pipcorn Vegan Twists Cinnamon Sugar -- 4.5 oz	Pipcorn	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Planetary Herbals Loquat Respiratory Syrup -- 8 fl oz	Planetary Herbals	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Planetary Herbals Stone Free™ -- 820 mg - 180 Tablets	Planetary Herbals	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plant People WonderDay Mushroom Gummies Wild Raspberry -- 60 Gummies	Plant People	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pop Daddy Pretzel Sticks Beer Cheese -- 7.5 oz	Pop Daddy	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, niacin, sodium phosphate, Vitamin A, sugar, calcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pop Daddy Pretzel Sticks Cinnamon Sugar -- 7.5 oz	Pop Daddy	Food & Beverages	niacin, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pop Daddy Pretzel Sticks Dill Pickle -- 7.5 oz	Pop Daddy	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, citric acid, malic acid, maltodextrin, niacin, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pop Daddy Pretzel Sticks Garlic Parmesan -- 7.5 oz	Pop Daddy	Food & Beverages	niacin, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pop Daddy Pretzel Sticks Maple & Brown Butter -- 7.5 oz	Pop Daddy	Food & Beverages	lactic acid, niacin, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sea Fare Pacific Seafood Bisque -- 9 oz	Sea Fare Pacific	Food & Beverages	Citric Acid, Distilled Vinegar, Vitamin C, Citric Acid, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sea-Band Anti-Nausea Ginger Gum -- 24 Pieces	Sea-Band	Vitamins & Supplements	menthol, sugar, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seapoint Farms Mighty Lil Lentils Falafel -- 5 oz	Seapoint Farms	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Grab & Go Seaweed Snacks Wasabi -- 0.18 oz	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Organic Roasted Seaweed Snacks Olive Oil -- 0.18 oz	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Organic Seaweed -- 10 Sheets	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Roasted Olive Seaweed Family 4-Pack -- 2.16 oz	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Seaweed Lightly Roasted and Seasoned Classic Olive -- 5 Sheets	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SeaSnax Seaweed Lightly Roasted and Seasoned Spicy Chipotle -- 5 Sheets	SeaSnax	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Antioxidant+ Smart Mix Nut Medley -- 10 oz	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Gluten Free Nut Medley Mix Wholesome -- 1.5 oz Each / Pack of 10	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Nut Medley Mix Dark Chocolate -- 1.25 oz Each / Pack of 10	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Nut Medley Mix Dark Chocolate -- 12 oz	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Nut Medley Mix Dark Chocolate Cherry -- 12 oz	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Second Nature Nut Medley Mix Wholesome -- 14 oz	Second Nature	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seitenbacher All Natural Cereal #3 Musli For Active People -- 1 lb	Seitenbacher	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seitenbacher Protein Muesli I -- 16 oz	Seitenbacher	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seitenbacher Protein Muesli II -- 16 oz	Seitenbacher	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Seitenbacher Protein Oatmeal Chocolate -- 16 oz	Seitenbacher	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, fructose, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Apple Straws Gluten Free Cinnamon -- 4.25 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Flavor Burst Tortilla Chips Nacho Cheese -- 10 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	spice, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Flavor Burst Tortilla Chips Zesty Ranch -- 10 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, lactose, maltodextrin, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Straws Sea Salt -- 5 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, potassium chloride, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Straws Sea Salt -- 6 Packs	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Straws® Cheddar Cheese -- 5 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, lactic acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Straws® Gluten Free Zesty Ranch -- 5 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, Vitamin C, citric acid, malic acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin A, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Garden Veggie Wavy Chips Sea Salt -- 12 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	potassium chloride, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sensible Portions Veggie Straws Zesty Ranch -- 12 oz	Sensible Portions	Food & Beverages	citric acid, vinegar, citric acid, lactic acid, maltodextrin, potassium chloride, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Setton Farms Premium Quality Pistachio Nut Blend Pistachios and Almonds -- 4 oz	Setton Farms	Food & Beverages	Citric Acid, Citric Acid, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Setton Farms Premium Quality Pistachio Power Blend Pistachios and Almonds -- 5 oz	Setton Farms	Food & Beverages	Citric Acid, Vitamin C, Citric Acid, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SheaMoisture Coconut & Hibiscus Curling Gel Souffle -- 12 oz	SheaMoisture	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, panthenol, propanediol, sodium benzoate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Siete Cookies Mexican Wedding -- 4.5 oz	Siete	Food & Beverages	baking soda, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Siete Cookies Grain Free - Gluten Free Vegan Chocolate Chip -- 4.5 oz	Siete	Food & Beverages	chocolate chips, baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Siete Cookies Grain Free - Gluten Free Vegan Fresas Con Crema -- 4.5 oz	Siete	Food & Beverages	baking soda, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Silk Almondmilk Vanilla -- 6 Containers	Silk	Food & Beverages	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth 72% Cacao Dark Chocolate Chunks -- 10 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Apple Straws Cinnamon Sugar -- 6 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Fully Cooked Uncured Bacon Pieces -- 2.8 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Gluten Free Rice & Almond Thin Crackers Vegan Parmesan Style Seasoning -- 3.5 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, maltodextrin, cane sugar, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Granola Mixed Berry -- 15 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Sandwich Cookies Creme Filled Gluten Free Chocolate -- 8 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	ammonium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Sandwich Cookies Creme Filled Gluten Free Vanilla -- 8 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	sodium bicarbonate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Semi-Sweet Chocolate Chips -- 10 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Veggie Chips Sea Salt -- 7 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Veggie Straws Sea Salt -- 7 oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply 7 Quinoa Chips Gluten Free Barbeque -- 3.5 oz	Simply 7	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin A, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply 7 Quinoa Chips Gluten Free Sea Salt -- 3.5 oz	Simply 7	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Delish Natural Jel Dessert Mix Sugar Free Raspberry -- 0.7 oz	Simply Delish	Food & Beverages	citric acid, beta-carotene, citric acid, Erythritol, potassium citrate, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Delish Natural Jel Dessert Sugar Free Orange -- 0.7 Pack	Simply Delish	Food & Beverages	orange, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, citric acid, Erythritol, potassium citrate, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Delish Natural Jel Dessert Sugar Free Peach -- 0.7 oz	Simply Delish	Food & Beverages	citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, citric acid, Erythritol, potassium citrate, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Gum Natural Breath Mints Cinnamon -- 30 Mints	Simply Gum	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Gum Natural Breath Mints Ginger -- 30 Mints	Simply Gum	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simply Gum Natural Breath Mints Peppermint -- 30 Mints	Simply Gum	Food & Beverages	Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Almonds Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 3.5 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Almonds Lemon Bliss -- 3.5 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	maltodextrin, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Almonds Super Dark & Sea Salt -- 3.5 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Caramel Peanut Paradise Cup -- 3.17 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	allulose, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Dark Chocolate Cocoa Skinnydipped Cashews™ -- 3.5 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter Cups -- 3.17 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	allulose, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Dark Chocolate Salted Caramel Bites -- 3.17 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	allulose, cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Dark Chocolate Salted Caramel Skinnydipped Cashews™ -- 3.5 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyDipped Milk Chocolate Peanut Butter Cups -- 3.17 oz	SkinnyDipped	Food & Beverages	allulose, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SkinnyPop Popcorn Gluten Free Sweet & Salty -- 5.3 oz	SkinnyPop	Food & Beverages	sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Skratch Labs Sport Hydration Drink Mix Fruit Punch -- 15.5 oz	Skratch Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, ascorbic acid, calcium citrate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Skratch Labs Sport Hydration Drink Mix Strawberry Lemonade -- 15.5 oz	Skratch Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, ascorbic acid, calcium citrate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Skratch Labs Sport Hydration Drink Mix with Lemon & Lime -- 15.5 oz	Skratch Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium citrate, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, Cane sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
osmolyte	A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume.
sweetening agent	Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
algal metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite	Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
glycosyl glycoside	Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Digestion and absorption	17	24
Digestion	12	23
Digestion of dietary carbohydrate	6	11
Galactose Metabolism	12	34
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism	16	26
Galactosemia	12	34
Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency	16	26
Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori Disease, Debrancher Glycogenosis	16	26
Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson Disease	16	26
Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers Disease	16	26
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Sly Syndrome	16	26
Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency	16	26
Disease	1278	231
Diseases of metabolism	69	121
Diseases of carbohydrate metabolism	12	29
Intestinal saccharidase deficiencies	1	6
sucrose degradation V (sucrose u03B1-glucosidase)	0	11
sucrose degradation IV (sucrose phosphorylase)	0	9
stachyose biosynthesis	5	23
UDP-glucose biosynthesis (from sucrose)	0	5
superpathway of sucrose and starch metabolism I (non-photosynthetic tissue)	19	17
ajugose biosynthesis II (galactinol-independent)	1	6
lychnose and isolychnose biosynthesis	0	9
stachyose degradation	5	14
fructan biosynthesis	0	9
sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase)	9	10
sucrose biosynthesis II	15	18
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)	11	24
stellariose and mediose biosynthesis	0	8
fructan degradation	0	6
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	33	60
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)	17	22
superpathway of acylsucrose biosynthesis (cultivated tomato)	2	8
acylsucrose biosynthesis (Solanum pennellii)	1	4
superpathway of acylsucrose biosynthesis (wild tomato)	11	7
monoacylsucrose biosynthesis (Solanum)	0	7
The impact of Nsp14 on metabolism (COVID-19 Disease Map)	0	84
Disorders of fructose metabolism	0	14
sucrose degradation	7	11
fructan biosynthesis	1	10
fructan degradation	0	7
sucrose biosynthesis II	9	18
sucrose biosynthesis III	1	15
stellariose and mediose biosynthesis	0	10
stachyose biosynthesis	3	23
sucrose degradation II (sucrose synthase)	13	20
sucrose degradation V (sucrose u03B1-glucosidase)	6	11
sucrose degradation IV (sucrose phosphorylase)	2	9
sucrose degradation VII (sucrose 3-dehydrogenase)	0	15
sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase)	8	9
sucrose degradation I (sucrose phosphotransferase)	8	10
sucrose biosynthesis I (from photosynthesis)	13	26
flavonoid biosynthesis	8	23
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation	26	61
flavonol biosynthesis	8	16
sucrose degradation III	7	9
superpathway of sucrose and starch metabolism I (non-photosynthetic tissue)	29	16
sucrose biosynthesis	0	14
sucrose degradation to ethanol and lactate (anaerobic)	0	28
galactose degradation III	0	17
sucrose degradation V (mammalian)	6	12
sucrose degradation IV	0	9
Primary carbon metabolism	23	30
Photosynthetic carbon reduction	0	14
Sucrose metabolism	14	13
AtMetExpress overview	0	109
Glucose sensing and signaling	0	10
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Stachyose biosynthesis	2	7
Sucrose biosynthesis	0	12
Fructan biosynthesis	0	6
Fructan degradation	0	4
Galactose degradation II	0	15

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.3060	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9612	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075; AID743077
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	0.0405	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	20.0000	0.0000	0.7236	9.9200	AID1356350
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	20.0000	0.0001	0.7874	9.9000	AID1356351
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MALTOPORIN	Escherichia coli	Kd	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	AID977611
Chain B, MALTOPORIN	Escherichia coli	Kd	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	15,000.0000	AID977611
Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	450,000.0000	0.0000	0.4157	5.5500	AID1238813
Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	150,000.0000	0.0006	0.1342	0.6700	AID1238812
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reduction	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pH	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transport	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelium	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosterone	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
secretion	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic process	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
arylesterase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheath	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID90258	Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against other properties.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID337692	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 48 hrs by silica gel plate-based INT-formazan method
AID337693	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 after 48 hrs by silica gel plate-based INT-formazan method
AID369788	Biodistribution in FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse caudate putamen assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369797	Biodistribution in perfused FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 30 mins relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369782	Biodistribution in wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse caudate putamen assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID1227880	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID369795	Biodistribution in perfused wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 30 mins relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID89762	Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against sample intensity relative to 10% sucrose.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID24032	Time for the sweetness intensity to decline to half maximal	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	High-potency dipeptide sweeteners. 2. L-aspartylfuryl-, thienyl-, and imidazolylglycine esters.
AID1227881	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID1356350	Binding affinity to carbonic anhydrase 2 (unknown origin)	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-12, Volume: 9, Issue:7	Sweet Binders: Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Complex with Sucralose.
AID369786	Biodistribution in wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse pituitary gland assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID1227882	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity after 10 mins by spectrophotomteric analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID369787	Biodistribution in FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse frontal cortex assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID90259	Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against property of bitterness.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID369793	Biodistribution in perfused FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 2.5 mins relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369785	Biodistribution in wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse pineal gland assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369789	Biodistribution in FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse hypothalamus assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID1227879	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID369769	Biodistribution in perfused wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 2.5 mins relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID90260	Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against property of sweetness.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID1356351	Binding affinity to carbonic anhydrase 9 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)	2018	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-12, Volume: 9, Issue:7	Sweet Binders: Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Complex with Sucralose.
AID369805	Partition coefficient, log D of the compound	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID614104	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 after 24 hrs using thiazoyl blue by agar overlay bioautography method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
AID1238813	Binding affinity to human CA2	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Mapping Selective Inhibition of the Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrase IX Using Structure-Activity Relationships of Glucosyl-Based Sulfamates.
AID369791	Biodistribution in FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse cerebellum assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID614103	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 after 24 hrs using thiazoyl blue by agar overlay bioautography method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
AID90086	Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against compound potency calculated on a molar basis.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID369790	Biodistribution in FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b deficient mouse thalamus assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID90224	Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 100000 p.p.m. against compound potency calculated on weight basis.	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID614102	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10332 after 24 hrs using thiazoyl blue by agar overlay bioautography method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
AID369783	Biodistribution in wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse hypothalamus assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369784	Biodistribution in wild type FVB Mdr1a/Mdr1b positive mouse brain 4th ventricle choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 30 mins by capillary depletion assay	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID1238812	Binding affinity to human CA9	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Mapping Selective Inhibition of the Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrase IX Using Structure-Activity Relationships of Glucosyl-Based Sulfamates.
AID369774	Biodistribution in BALB/c mouse thalamus assessed as tritiated drug level at 150 uM perfusion after 10 mins by capillary depletion assay in presence of phenylarsine ocide	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID614100	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 after 24 hrs using thiazoyl blue by agar overlay bioautography method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
AID1227878	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID189629	The capillary permeability of radioligand was measured in Rat brain	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability.
AID369799	Biodistribution in perfused BALB/c mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 2.5 mins in presence of DMSO relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID369781	Drug uptake in BALB/c mouse assessed as tritiated drug level at 5 ml/min perfusion after 10 min relative to [14C]sucrose	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID23672	Partition coefficient (logP)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Accumulation of drugs by guinea pig isolated atria. Quantitative correlations.
AID91480	Ability to bind to human serum albumin (HSA)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Accumulation of drugs by guinea pig isolated atria. Quantitative correlations.
AID26811	Partition coefficient (logP)	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability.
AID1227875	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse BV2 cells treated for 30 mins prior to LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID311367	Permeability coefficient in human skin	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 15, Issue:22	Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds.
AID78477	Ability to bind to guinea pig atrial homogenate	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Accumulation of drugs by guinea pig isolated atria. Quantitative correlations.
AID369800	Biodistribution in perfused BALB/c mouse choroid plexus assessed as tritiated drug level after 2.5 mins in presence of phenylarsine oxide relative to control	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9	Distribution of suramin, an antitrypanosomal drug, across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces in wild-type and P-glycoprotein transporter-deficient mice.
AID455986	Permeability across human Caco-2 cells	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19	Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
AID614101	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 after 24 hrs using thiazoyl blue by agar overlay bioautography method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
AID1227876	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability up to 50 uM by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID698549	Antihemolytic activity against hypotonic hemolysis in Wistar rat erythrocytes at 0.1 to 100 uM after 10 mins	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Synthesis of new chiral xanthone derivatives acting as nerve conduction blockers in the rat sciatic nerve.
AID698552	Inhibition of amplitude of compound action potential in isolated Wistar rat sciatic nerve at 0.1 to 3 uM after 15 mins by electrophysiology assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Synthesis of new chiral xanthone derivatives acting as nerve conduction blockers in the rat sciatic nerve.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID977611	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	1997	Journal of molecular biology, Sep-12, Volume: 272, Issue:1	Channel specificity: structural basis for sugar discrimination and differential flux rates in maltoporin.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	1997	Journal of molecular biology, Sep-12, Volume: 272, Issue:1	Channel specificity: structural basis for sugar discrimination and differential flux rates in maltoporin.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10861 (36.11)	18.7374
1990's	3138 (10.43)	18.2507
2000's	5331 (17.72)	29.6817
2010's	7583 (25.21)	24.3611
2020's	3167 (10.53)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	935 (2.96%)	5.53%
Reviews	953 (3.02%)	6.00%
Case Studies	146 (0.46%)	4.05%
Observational	15 (0.05%)	0.25%
Other	29,487 (93.50%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	2.02	1	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	3.08	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.1	1	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.	2.01	1	0	chloroethanol	xenobiotic metabolite
provitamin c provitamin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM refers to (L-xylo)-isomer; structure	2.4	2	0	hexose
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	2.66	3	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	2.39	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.48	2	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.	2.15	1	0	hydroxykynurenine	human metabolite
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	beta-alanine derivative	metabolite; mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	6.59	64	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.44	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.83	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.01	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.36	7	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	11.11	124	2	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	10.24	82	2	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	4.32	20	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	6.51	8	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	6.91	55	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	5.54	70	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	2.39	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.08	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
curdlan D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.	7.17	1	0	hexose
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	9.99	85	3	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	1.94	1	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.67	10	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	7.7	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.44	2	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	4.04	15	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	8.62	9	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	4.79	7	1	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	6.59	38	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	7.32	42	1	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	3.25	6	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	7.29	54	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	5.74	19	1	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	3.28	6	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	5.09	14	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	3.7	10	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	5.75	11	2	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	1.97	1	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	4.16	17	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.9	4	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	9.9	99	3	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	2.66	3	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.	1.97	1	0	chlorocarboxylic acid; haloacetic acid	alkylating agent; herbicide
choline [no description available]	7.93	157	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.1	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	13.33	228	11	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	11.02	621	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	10.61	162	1	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	3.12	5	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	7.31	38	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.77	3	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.75	3	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	8.96	12	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	2.9	4	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.95	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	5.24	12	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.	2.15	1	0	thio-fatty acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	5.24	11	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	8.44	7	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).	2.42	2	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.08	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	3.29	2	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	2.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	4.3	4	1	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	6.24	43	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.8	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	10.1	14	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	13.03	16	1	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	4.69	30	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2	1	0	dipeptide
alanine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion	fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	14.77	206	18	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
5,6-dihydroorotate 4,5-dihydroorotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. dihydroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N(alpha)-carbethoxyasparagine.	1.94	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; N-acylurea; pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid; secondary amide
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	4.02	4	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	7.68	3	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	2	1	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	17.76	229	2	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.66	2	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	13.89	72	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	7.67	3	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.91	4	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
glycine [no description available]	10.19	147	3	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	3.2	6	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glyceric acid glyceric acid: found in urine of patient with D-glyceric acidemia & hyperglycinaemia; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. glycerol ether : Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.. glyceric acid : A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.	7.79	3	0	trionic acid	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	14.68	670	4	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	2.69	3	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	8.1	5	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	3.7	10	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	6.97	1	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	2.76	3	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	9.08	82	3	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.98	1	0
histamine [no description available]	4.87	36	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	14.82	163	14	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	8.29	6	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.94	4	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.05	1	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	4.83	32	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	5.96	21	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	1.97	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	1.95	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	3.11	5	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	2.49	2	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	4.31	4	1	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.37	2	0	alkanethiol	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	3.24	5	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	10.15	140	2	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	4.45	22	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	12.51	72	2	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	7.57	14	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
naphthalene [no description available]	2.54	2	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	5.94	25	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	4.9	14	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.98	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	10.96	151	2	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.13	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.47	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	5.51	22	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	6.24	17	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	2.72	3	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.94	4	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	5.61	25	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	4.02	4	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	3.72	10	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	3.22	6	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.05	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; phenols	human metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.03	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.35	2	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	10.34	18	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.34	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol [no description available]	4.04	14	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	2.31	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.1	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	5.69	27	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	3.39	7	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	4.1	4	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	10.33	69	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	8.91	13	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	5.18	11	1	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
putrescine [no description available]	3.61	9	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	3.11	5	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	2.06	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	3.84	12	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	10.58	24	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.15	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	4.7	29	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.72	3	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	4.41	22	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	4.75	7	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.76	3	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	4.29	19	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	9.04	14	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	4.32	20	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	5.21	46	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	3.03	4	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	8.38	7	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	6.93	27	1	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	11.01	22	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	10.28	55	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	4.11	16	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	5.09	13	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	7.74	3	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	5.33	58	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	12.57	50	7	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	15.52	537	8	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	11.91	14	2	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	2.46	2	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	3.12	5	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2.55	2	0	benzazepine
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin 7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.4	2	0	tetralins
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	3.43	7	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.99	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
bremazocine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	3.41	7	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	3.07	5	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.	2.64	3	0	catecholamine
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.42	2	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl- 1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-: stereoselective antagonist of dopamine receptor	2.08	1	0	benzazepine
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	6.11	16	2	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	1.99	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	2.67	3	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	2.39	2	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.74	3	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide 1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide: RN given refers to parent cp; a 5-HT3 receptor agonist	2.02	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	10.31	73	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.49	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.01	1	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.15	1	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	1.95	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	4.87	34	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid: structure. 2,4-DB : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. A selective post-emergence herbicide.	3.29	6	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	3.47	8	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	5.41	63	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	1.98	1	0	benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.41	2	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.41	2	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.52	2	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	1.94	1	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.45	8	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	1.97	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	3.08	5	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	1.96	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	3.39	7	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.1	1	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
phenytoin [no description available]	4	14	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.	7.01	1	0	aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2.44	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	4.15	16	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
etofylline etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)	2	1	0	oxopurine
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.13	1	0
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	1.96	1	0
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.01	1	0	monoazo compound
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	9.84	35	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	8.91	13	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	4.14	5	0
5-aminoisoquinolinone 5-aminoisoquinolinone: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	isoquinolines
albendazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.7	3	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	7.13	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	2	1	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.45	2	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.67	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.99	4	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	7.43	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.44	2	0	aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	4.2	18	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	1.97	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.92	4	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	3.8	2	1	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	4.67	29	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	3.09	5	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.49	2	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	3.34	7	0	barbiturates
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.05	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
aniracetam [no description available]	2.41	2	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
9-anthroic acid 9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.	2.07	1	0	anthroic acid
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	9.26	19	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2	1	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.49	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.38	2	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.43	2	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	6.84	36	2	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	3.27	6	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	4.56	23	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.47	2	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
baclofen [no description available]	4.24	17	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	8.05	5	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.9	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	2.05	1	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.92	4	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	3.76	2	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	4.62	8	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
berberine [no description available]	3.77	10	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	6.98	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one: from maize extracts; structure given in first source. DIMBOA : A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; lactol	allelochemical; plant metabolite
betaxolol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	7.06	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.	1.99	1	0	hydroquinones
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.51	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.39	2	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.43	2	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
bronopol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	nitro compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
bumetanide [no description available]	3.6	9	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	3.88	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.93	4	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.36	2	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	11.87	143	5	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	4.47	23	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.	1.96	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	2.4	2	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	4.18	5	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.48	2	0	biphenyls
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.44	7	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.81	3	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	2.37	2	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.67	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	3.84	12	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	4.53	5	1	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	3.87	2	1	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.81	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	4.87	4	2	pyridinium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.67	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.44	2	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	4	4	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.18	17	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	9.45	23	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.45	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	3.24	6	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	7.34	42	3	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.28	5	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cilostazol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	5.19	6	2	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.82	2	0
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.58	7	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	4.56	23	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	5.2	16	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.16	5	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	8.79	11	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	7.94	4	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors	2.44	2	0
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.65	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	2.41	2	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	2.91	4	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	3.75	3	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.68	3	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.95	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	3.47	8	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	3.86	12	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	6.13	49	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	10.75	20	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	7.4	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	3.03	4	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.88	4	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	5.32	12	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	6.27	4	2	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	3.46	8	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.17	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.68	3	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.03	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.89	4	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dihydrocytochalasin b dihydrocytochalasin B: inhibits cell motility in many eucaryotic cells	1.98	1	0
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.64	3	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	3.21	6	0	oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.9	4	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	7.05	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	4.17	5	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
stallimycin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
disulfiram [no description available]	2.38	2	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	4.57	24	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	3	4	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.4	2	0
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	2.7	3	0
n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.	2.78	3	0	tertiary amine
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.95	4	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
adtn ADTN: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.01	1	0
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	1.97	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	2.05	1	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.72	3	0
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	1.98	1	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.05	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	5.07	43	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	2.05	1	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.37	7	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethenzamide ethenzamide: structure	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.88	4	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	1.99	1	0	phenoxazine
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.7	3	0
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	2.05	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.39	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	7.47	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	3.42	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	3.47	8	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	5.16	15	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	9.53	16	2	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.72	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.35	7	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.7	3	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.76	3	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	3.1	5	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.69	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.77	21	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	5.51	61	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	7.97	4	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.46	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	10.6	17	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.25	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	3.64	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	2.13	1	0	oxazole
vanoxerine vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.08	1	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.99	4	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.49	2	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.42	2	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	3.8	2	1	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	sulfonamide
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	5.13	46	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.38	2	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	4.12	16	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	8.67	8	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gö6983 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indoles; maleimides
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.38	2	0
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.12	5	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.37	2	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	9.65	27	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
gyki 52466 GYKI 52466: an AMPA (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	7	1	0	benzodiazepine
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	2	1	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	4.39	20	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	3.06	5	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.69	3	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
harmalol harmalol: inhibitor of rat liver microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harmalol : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.05	1	0	harmala alkaloid	algal metabolite; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.66	3	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	3.48	2	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	3.79	2	1	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	3.06	5	0	barbiturates
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	4.31	20	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.05	1	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.27	6	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.15	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	3.69	10	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	10.72	10	2	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	7.5	2	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	11.87	35	10	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	4.89	35	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.05	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	13.79	31	3	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	5.56	8	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.65	3	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	3.8	11	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopanoic acid Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.87	4	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.39	2	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	2.87	4	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	3.07	5	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.84	3	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	9.94	12	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.84	12	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	9.68	29	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.42	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperazines
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	3.17	5	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	5.58	19	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.14	5	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.89	4	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	8.27	6	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.94	4	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.71	3	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	4.54	24	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.71	3	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.92	4	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.46	2	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.99	4	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	3.25	6	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	3.56	1	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomustine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	3.25	1	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	4.36	4	1	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loviride loviride: structure given in first source; inhibits virion and recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	7.03	1	0
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.71	3	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	2.06	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	3.29	6	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	1.98	1	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.41	2	0	organic molecular entity
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	4.13	15	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.35	2	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.48	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	7.63	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.9	4	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	2.68	3	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	2.05	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.44	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	3.73	8	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.46	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	7.47	16	1	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.37	2	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.99	4	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	2.02	1	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
nocodazole [no description available]	5.11	14	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	3.57	8	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	3.56	8	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.45	2	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	5.11	10	1	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	6.29	8	5	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.9	4	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.94	4	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.67	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	6.17	16	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.45	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.05	1	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	6.1	3	2	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.49	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.73	3	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
entinostat [no description available]	2.48	2	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	4.19	16	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	3.3	6	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	1.97	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	4.82	34	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist	7.4	2	0	beta-carbolines
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	9.05	3	1	purine nucleoside
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.46	8	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	3.05	5	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.46	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2.05	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	4.02	14	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.78	3	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.42	2	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.71	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	4.64	6	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.45	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.05	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist	2.92	4	0	nitrobenzoic acid
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	3.56	1	1
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	4.29	18	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.69	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	5.07	5	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	3.63	9	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	2.05	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.46	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	4.01	13	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.95	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.21	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.38	2	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	8.12	5	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	3.06	5	0	phenylalanine derivative
pamidronate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	9.85	11	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2	1	0	monochlorophenol
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.65	3	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.95	4	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.42	2	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	2.38	2	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	9.2	18	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.44	2	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.05	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.88	4	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.35	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.	1.94	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	9.63	28	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	8.25	6	0	phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	3.09	5	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2.65	3	0	aromatic amine
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	3.8	11	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	3.05	5	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin [no description available]	3.83	12	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
phorate Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.	2.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.42	2	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	3.08	5	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	7.47	2	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.1	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.71	3	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether
piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	10.12	352	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.89	4	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.06	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.11	1	0	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	7.53	2	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	3.5	8	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	15.16	11	6	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.65	3	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	2.75	3	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	3.2	6	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.08	5	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.05	1	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.68	3	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	5.3	18	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.39	2	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate	anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.37	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	2	1	0	xanthenes
proxymetacaine proxymetacaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	5.73	3	1	benzoate ester
propentofylline [no description available]	2	1	0	oxopurine
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.74	3	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.12	4	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	11.25	35	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	1.96	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.25	1	0
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2.66	3	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.66	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	1.97	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
ranitidine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	3.08	5	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.46	2	0	benzothiazoles
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	4.84	7	1	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	7.91	4	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ro 15-4513 Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	3.09	5	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	1.98	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.06	1	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	17.24	353	8	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicyl alcohol salicyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd; saligenin is the aglycone of salicin; structure; it is oxidatively metabolized to gentisic acid. salicyl alcohol : A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at C-2.	2.02	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; hydroxybenzyl alcohol	human urinary metabolite
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.93	4	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	7.45	2	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
scriptaid scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	isoquinolines
sennoside a&b [no description available]	3.4	1	1
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.52	2	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	4.56	4	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	3.06	5	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.37	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sk&f 97541 3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid: structure given in first source; GABA-A receptor antagonist	2.11	1	0
sodium fluoride [no description available]	11.21	51	18	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	2.05	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	2.67	3	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.66	2	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.43	2	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	4.11	16	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.46	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylacetone succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.	2.13	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	2.36	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.37	2	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2.03	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.71	3	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	2.05	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	8.63	8	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.86	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.38	2	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.48	2	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.46	2	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.31	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisomidine Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.36	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	1.95	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	3.91	13	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	7.17	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	8.72	10	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.49	8	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.71	3	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.91	4	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	7.42	16	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	3.48	8	0	quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	4.31	4	1	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	1.96	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.42	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.5	2	0	thiazolidenedione
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.37	2	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.66	3	0	aziridines
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tipepidine tipepidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	piperidines
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.05	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	8.45	8	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	2.25	1	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	3.79	3	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	2.46	2	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
triclosan [no description available]	4.49	5	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trientine Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.	2.05	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	copper chelator
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.87	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.65	3	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	3.51	2	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.05	1	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	3.13	5	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	4.21	18	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	1.99	1	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
urethane [no description available]	10.46	12	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzofurans
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.05	1	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.91	4	0
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source	2	1	0
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	4.41	4	1	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.74	3	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.44	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.38	7	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	6.26	134	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.68	10	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	4.16	5	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	7.88	4	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	4.31	20	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.05	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.89	4	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	16.33	389	23	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	8.46	8	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	6.72	237	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	4.09	16	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.87	4	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	3.04	5	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	4.57	26	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	1.94	1	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	6.26	35	1	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	9.49	24	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	3.07	5	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	9.4	22	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	1.94	1	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	3.23	6	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.89	4	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.66	10	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluprednisolone Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.	1.94	1	0	fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	7.92	4	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	1.96	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.09	16	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.86	4	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	8.67	10	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.68	3	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	5.52	22	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	1.96	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	3.46	8	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	7.65	11	1	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.91	13	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	1.99	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	9.34	98	4	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	6.25	47	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	10.8	93	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	8.67	53	3	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	11.52	45	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.82	99	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	6.61	70	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	tertiary alcohol
vincristine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	3.56	9	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.03	1	0	sulfamic acids
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	10.86	13	2	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	3.33	7	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	4.03	14	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.97	14	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	8.05	4	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	6.57	66	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.89	4	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.72	3	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	11.72	236	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	1.97	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	3.99	13	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	9.88	11	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	4.55	25	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	12.88	329	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.68	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	3.37	7	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	6.02	8	1	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	9.62	267	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	1.96	1	0	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	3.05	5	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	5.5	5	1	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	9.76	72	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
phlorhizin [no description available]	4.87	36	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.38	2	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	5.5	22	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.86	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	1.94	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	9.6	26	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.36	2	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	7.57	182	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	3.63	9	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	4.05	3	1	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	7.65	3	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	4.07	2	1	calcium salt	chelator
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	3.76	11	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	1.96	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.35	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.57	2	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.04	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.41	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	17.39	661	17	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	5.68	82	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	5.76	16	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	10.71	104	5	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	5.59	18	1	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	4.88	36	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.64	3	0
cytidine [no description available]	2.87	4	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.71	3	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	2.38	2	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	12.05	108	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.47	2	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	4.78	32	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	1.94	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	4.51	25	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	3.44	7	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	3.84	12	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	4.1	3	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.05	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	8.23	6	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.03	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	2.64	3	0	isoindoles
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.77	10	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	16.98	581	15	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	3.9	13	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.89	4	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	9.21	18	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	10.07	42	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	7.01	60	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	4.24	17	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	6.39	55	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	9.36	21	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
alizarin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.35	2	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	8.69	103	1	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	3.91	13	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	11.16	135	6	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	5.31	50	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	3.36	7	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.03	1	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	2.37	2	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	4.11	3	1	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.91	4	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.	3.13	1	0	chloroethanes	antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.42	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.07	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	2.65	3	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	7.67	3	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
boron trifluoride [no description available]	1.98	1	0	boron fluoride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.17	1	0	epoxide
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.88	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.93	4	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
methanesulfonic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
trimethylchlorosilane trimethylsilyl chloride: structure in first source. chlorotrimethylsilane : A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro and three methyl groups. Chlorotrimethylsilane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	1.99	1	0	silyl chloride	chromatographic reagent
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.	2	1	0	aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol	protic solvent
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	3.14	5	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.41	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.78	33	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.44	2	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	3.08	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
bromcresol green Bromcresol Green: An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.	2.37	2	0	benzofurans
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	5.83	29	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	4.42	21	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.	2.1	1	0	sulfone	cross-linking reagent
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	1.99	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	7.22	96	1	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	8.66	9	0
pentaerythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.	2.46	2	0	pentaerythritol nitrate	explosive; vasodilator agent
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	2.43	2	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.78	11	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.72	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
propionamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; primary fatty amide
acrylamide [no description available]	10.73	25	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.71	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.9	3	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
isobutyric acid isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.	2.39	2	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; fatty acid 4:0; methyl-branched fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.	1.94	1	0	piperidines
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	5.06	14	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	2.15	1	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	7.57	2	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
alpha-pinene [no description available]	2.48	2	0	pinene	plant metabolite
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	7.4	2	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	3.47	8	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	4.83	34	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.79	3	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
skatole [no description available]	1.95	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.42	2	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	4.75	32	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	1.98	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol [no description available]	1.94	1	0
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	1.96	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
propoxycaine Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)	5.73	3	1	benzoate ester
1-naphthoic acid naphthoic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.	3.78	2	0	naphthoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	3.02	4	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	2.64	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.76	3	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2	1	0	penicillanic acids
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	17.11	265	28
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	2.46	2	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	8.71	134	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid: inhibitor of auxin transport; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3 and 5 are replaced by iodine atoms. It is an auxin polar transport inhibitor.	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	antiauxins
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.87	4	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	2.52	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
anthrone anthrone: used in colorimetric determination of sugar & animal starch in body fluids; structure. anthrone : A member of the class of anthracenes that is 9,10-dihydroanthracene carrying an oxo group at C-9.	2.4	2	0	anthracenone	radical scavenger
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.07	1	0	xanthones	insecticide
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	2.48	2	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	4.89	13	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.04	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	2.55	2	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	2.35	2	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
phenylpiperazine phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	3.24	6	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.31	1	0	phenylpropanoid
1-phenylpropanol 1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source	2.5	2	0	organic molecular entity
styrene glycol styrene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	benzenes
benzoic anhydride [no description available]	2.25	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
synephrine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	3.82	11	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	3.35	2	0	carbonyl compound
nicotinic acid benzyl ester nicotinic acid benzyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6344. benzyl nicotinate : A benzyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of nicotinic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been used as a rubefacient.	2.03	1	0	benzyl ester	vasodilator agent
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	1.96	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.49	2	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
3,4-dimethylphenol 3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.	2.03	1	0	phenols
2,4-diaminophenol 2,4-diaminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
alpha-chlorohydrin alpha-Chlorohydrin: A chlorinated PROPANEDIOL with antifertility activity in males used as a chemosterilant in rodents.. 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol : A chloropropane-1,2-diol that is propane-1,2-diol substituted by a chloro group at position 3.	2.49	2	0	chloropropane-1,2-diol
methyl acrylate [no description available]	2.15	1	0	enoate ester
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.66	9	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
lactobionic acid [no description available]	2.9	4	0	disaccharide	antioxidant
1,3-ditolylguanidine 1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain	2	1	0	toluenes
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.03	1	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.44	2	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
furfuryl alcohol furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.11	1	0	furans; primary alcohol	Maillard reaction product
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	7.99	59	1	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
4-toluenesulfonyl chloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.78	3	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
1-phenethylamine 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.	2.04	1	0	phenylethylamine	human metabolite
methylphenyl carbinol 1-phenylethanol : An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.. methylbenzyl alcohol : Members of the class of benzyl alcohols substituted by at least one methyl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic alcohol	mouse metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.44	2	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. cyclohexanecarboxylic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of cyclohexane substituted by a carboxy group.	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	1.97	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	13.49	485	1	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.1	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	1.99	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	2.04	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.52	2	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-chloronitrobenzene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	2.01	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
benzyl bromide benzyl bromide: structure given in first source. benzyl bromide : A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine.	2.04	1	0	benzyl bromides	lachrymator
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	7.77	3	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.03	1	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.1	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	6.98	1	0
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	11.29	61	3	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	1.95	1	0	pyridinium salt
boric acid [no description available]	3.56	8	0	boric acids	astringent
dibenzyl ether benzyl ether : A compound of formula PhCH2OR (R =/= H).. dibenzyl ether : A benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.	2.08	1	0	benzyl ether	metabolite
4-nitroacetanilide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	4.31	4	1	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.03	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
1,2-epoxybutane 1,2-epoxybutane: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	epoxide
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	3.34	1	1	epoxide; organochlorine compound
acrolein [no description available]	4.5	5	1	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
glyoxal [no description available]	3.08	4	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.67	3	0	alkanesulfonic acid	human metabolite
hexylene glycol hexylene glycol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol : A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).	1.99	1	0	glycol
dimethyldioctadecylammonium dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.06	1	0	alkane
1,3-butylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-1,3-diol : A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.	2.06	1	0	butanediol; glycol
vinyl acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester
gamma-valerolactone gamma-valerolactone: metabolite of n-hexane; RN given refers to cpd with methyl moiety in position 5. gamma-valerolactone : A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.	2.13	1	0	butan-4-olide	flavouring agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
succinic anhydride [no description available]	2.31	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione
3-toluidine 3-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
3-phenylenediamine 1,3-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.	2.04	1	0	phenylenediamine
cyanuric chloride cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.	2.37	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; organochlorine compound	cross-linking reagent
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	9.2	4	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	5.47	15	1	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
dibutyl sebacate dibutyl sebacate: used in retail packaging of foods	2	1	0	fatty acid ester
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.45	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85)	2.1	1	0	ether
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	4.31	19	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.06	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.87	4	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	5.57	17	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	3	4	0	fatty acid ester
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).	3.23	1	0	butanediol; glycol	neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent
morpholine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
squalane [no description available]	6.96	1	0
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.69	3	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	2.38	2	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
n-butoxyethanol n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.	2.03	1	0	glycol ether; primary alcohol	protic solvent
carbitol carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.	3.17	1	0	diether; glycol ether; hydroxypolyether; primary alcohol	protic solvent
triethylene glycol triethylene glycol : A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.42	2	0	diol; poly(ethylene glycol); primary alcohol	plasticiser
n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.	1.96	1	0	decanol; primary alcohol	metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent
dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.	2.06	1	0	dodecanol; primary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite
behenic acid behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.49	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
stearyl alcohol octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.	2.21	1	0	long-chain primary fatty alcohol; octadecanol	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	3.34	7	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.05	1	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	9.6	3	2	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
propylene propylene: structure	2.02	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	chloroethanol	mouse metabolite
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
bromphenol blue Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.	2.39	2	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
pentaerythritol pentaerythritol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6904. pentaerythritol : A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.	2.42	2	0	primary alcohol; tetrol	flame retardant; laxative
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2.03	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	8.12	5	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.97	4	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	4.82	13	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	7.35	2	0	biphenyls
2-tolidine 2-tolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	biphenyls
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.74	3	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.05	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
iodoantipyrine [no description available]	2.39	2	0
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	2.88	4	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	3.6	9	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	2.05	1	0	quinolines
alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. naptalam : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide which results from addition of one equivalent of 1-naphthylamine to phthalic anhydride.	2.02	1	0	carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; N-(1-naphthyl)carboxamide	herbicide
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	3.46	7	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	9.76	30	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
3,5-diiodosalicylic acid 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	3.09	5	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	7.71	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.38	2	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.79	3	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	1.96	1	0	alkyl sulfate
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.97	4	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	8.05	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.13	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.05	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	1.99	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.68	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.65	9	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	5.78	21	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	3.11	5	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
merphos merphos: structure	1.96	1	0
dulcin dulcin: structure	3.08	5	0	ureas
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	2.88	4	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	1.98	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	6.04	14	2	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	2.86	4	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.03	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.95	4	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	3.96	14	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.13	1	0	indazole
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	3.44	7	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.	1.96	1	0	bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound	antioxidant; catalyst; reagent
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	5.32	51	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	3.26	6	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.97	14	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	13.02	28	2	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source	2.33	2	0	diazine; pyridazines
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	3.3	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.49	8	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	1.95	1	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.89	4	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.37	2	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
calcium gluconate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.94	4	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.	1.96	1	0
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	1.94	1	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	3.92	13	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.9	4	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
paraoxon [no description available]	2.37	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	2.87	4	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	9.13	16	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.48	2	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	3.06	5	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.38	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.	3.47	2	0	ether
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	2.49	2	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.74	3	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
fluocinonide Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.05	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.74	3	0	steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.25	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.7	3	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	2.02	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
cuprizone [no description available]	2.63	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	3.68	10	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.45	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.	2.02	1	0
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.08	1	0	organosilicon compound
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.43	2	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	1.95	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	2.15	1	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.44	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.52	2	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.05	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	6.73	31	2	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.06	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.65	3	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	5.49	63	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.01	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.03	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.35	2	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	7.1	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	1.94	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	3.52	8	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	4.3	7	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.69	3	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	3.14	5	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	7.25	1	0	butenolide
monomethyl succinate methylsuccinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methylsuccinic acid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methylsuccinic acid. 2-methylbutanedioic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group.	2.1	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
isomaltose [no description available]	14.61	128	18
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	7.11	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.34	2	0	quinone imine	dye
4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.72	2	0	phenols	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.25	1	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
isovaleric acid isovaleric acid: structure. isovaleric acid : A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.06	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; methylbutyric acid; short-chain fatty acid	mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
cyclohexane-1,3-diol cyclohexane-1,3-diol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.17	1	0
orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.	7.37	2	0	5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene	Aspergillus metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	3.09	5	0
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	2.41	2	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.96	4	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.05	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	1.94	1	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	3.55	8	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
methadyl acetate Methadyl Acetate: A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action.	2	1	0	diarylmethane
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.39	2	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	4.4	2	1	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.98	4	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
triphenylmethane triphenylmethane : A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.	2.05	1	0	triarylmethane	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.65	9	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	3.05	5	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.7	3	0
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	4.2	17	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	5.27	53	0	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	7.46	37	1	cellobiose	epitope
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
6-methoxybenzoxazolinone 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone: plant derivative which stimulates reproduction in Microtus montanus. 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone : A 2-benzoxazolinone that is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazole	antibacterial agent; anticonvulsant; antifungal agent; muscle relaxant; plant metabolite
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.05	1	0	thiazoles
dazomet dazomet: fumigant for poultry litter & eggs to control salmonella; structure. dazomet : A dithiocarbamic ester that is 1,3,5-thiadiazinane with a thione moiety at position 2 and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A fungicide, herbicide and nematicide, it is used prior to sowing or planting for the control of soil fungi, nematodes, bacteria and germinating weeds, and as fumigant for poultry litter and eggs to control Salmonella. It is a non-ozone-depleting alternative to methyl bromide.	2.15	1	0	dithiocarbamic ester; thiadiazinane	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; herbicide; nematicide
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	2.91	4	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.35	19	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	2.9	4	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
cetyl palmitate palmityl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with palmityl alcohol. It is used as a thickener and emollient in cosmetics.	2.01	1	0	hexadecanoate ester	metabolite
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	2.75	3	0
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.	2.45	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent
3-aminobutyric acid 3-aminobutyric acid: GABA uptake inhibitor. 3-aminobutanoic acid : A beta-amino acid that is butyric acid which is substituted by an amino group at position 3.	2.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	7.2	44	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.58	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	2.69	3	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	2.48	2	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
methyl lactate methyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methyl 2-hydroxypropionate : A lactate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid with methanol.	2.11	1	0	lactate ester; methyl ester	metabolite
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.44	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	4.52	5	1	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	3.62	9	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.04	1	0	phenoxazine
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.65	3	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.91	4	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.68	3	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	3.6	9	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	7.03	1	0	triglyceride
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	1.97	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
thallium acetate thallium acetate: RN given refers to Tl(+1) salt. thallium(I) acetate : An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and thallium ions.	2	1	0	acetate salt; thallium molecular entity	apoptosis inducer; neurotoxin
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.29	6	0	bis(azo) compound
lactulose [no description available]	2.05	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	1.96	1	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	3.85	11	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.01	1	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
3-aminophenol 3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.	2.15	1	0	aminophenol
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.38	2	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1	1.97	1	0	organic sulfide
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	1.97	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dansyl chloride dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.03	1	0	aminonaphthalene; sulfonic acid derivative
indoxyl acetate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	indoles
galactitol [no description available]	3.46	8	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.19	5	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.	3.15	5	0	acetate ester	metabolite
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	4.9	13	0
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5.5	16	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.44	1	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannoheptulose Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.. D-keto-manno-heptulose : The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.. D-manno-heptulose : A manno-heptulose with a D-configuration. It has been found in avocados.	2.95	4	0	D-manno-heptulose
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	2.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	3.82	12	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.95	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hexafluoroacetone hexafluoroacetone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. hexafluoroacetone : A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups.	1.99	1	0	ketone; perfluorinated compound	NMR chemical shift reference compound
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	1.98	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	1.96	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
decan-4-olide gamma-decalactone : A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.	2.25	1	0	gamma-lactone; tetrahydrofuranone	anticonvulsant; flavouring agent; food additive
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	1.98	1	0
dimethyl methylphosphonate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.66	3	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
1,2-cyclohexanedione cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.	1.96	1	0	cyclohexanedione
4-cyanophenol 4-cyanophenol: reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor	2.01	1	0	phenols	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.	1.95	1	0
calcium lactate [no description available]	4.14	3	1
1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate : A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group.	2.41	1	0	diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
4-methylimidazole 4-methylimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylimidazole : Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	imidazoles	carcinogenic agent; reaction intermediate
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.	2.15	1	0	gallate ester	plant metabolite
vinblastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	4.16	3	1	potassium salt	diuretic
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.48	2	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.95	1	0
methacryloyl chloride methacryloyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	1.96	1	0
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	7.69	3	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
dodecylamine dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
nitrosobenzylmethylamine nitrosobenzylmethylamine: structure	1.96	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	4.29	4	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.87	4	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2.68	3	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
canrenone Canrenone: A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity.	6.97	1	0	steroid lactone
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	1.98	1	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.05	1	0
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	2.49	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
pyrrolnitrin Pyrrolnitrin: 3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.. pyrrolnitrin : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.03	1	0	alkaloid; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	antifungal drug; bacterial metabolite
n-nitrosodiethanolamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	nitroso compound
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	6.11	47	0
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	3.85	2	1	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	5.63	74	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	8.6	7	0	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.94	1	0	thorium molecular entity
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2.9	4	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.02	1	0
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	2.47	2	0	pinene	plant metabolite
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	1.98	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	3.57	8	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
tricarballylic acid tricarballylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. tricarballylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the beta-hydrogens is substituted by a carboxy group.	2.67	3	0	tricarboxylic acid
sorbitan monostearate sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH	2.52	2	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.46	7	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	3.43	7	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	9.53	49	8	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.77	3	0
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	1.97	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted ethylenediamine compound having 1-naphthyl as the substituent.	1.95	1	0	N-substituted diamine
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	4.55	5	1	diarylmethane
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone
denatonium chloride [no description available]	2.42	2	0
[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethyl-(phenylmethyl)ammonium denatonium: a potent bittering agent	3.32	6	0	amino acid amide
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.86	4	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
pentachloroanisole [no description available]	1.97	1	0
stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.03	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	film-forming compound
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	3.37	7	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.	2.76	3	0	aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	herbicide; synthetic auxin
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	13.2	422	6	tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.15	5	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.02	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
beta-hydroxymyristic acid beta-hydroxymyristic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid : A 3-hydroxy fatty acid that is tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group	2.15	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; long-chain fatty acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.02	14	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	11.37	52	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	4.17	17	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.44	2	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.	2.03	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage	2.05	1	0	benzodioxine
diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.	7.21	1	0	organic disulfide	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.7	10	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol: Metabolite of serotonin and norepinephrine.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.	1.96	1	0	chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide	persistent organic pollutant
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.45	2	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
flupenthixol Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	8.12	5	0	thioxanthenes
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	4.59	27	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acetosyringone acetosyringone: plant inducer which induces expression of VirE & VirG in A. tumefaciens. acetosyringone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.07	1	0	acetophenones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-asthmatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	3.87	2	1	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	2.01	1	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source	2	1	0
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	2.66	3	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
benzyl thiocyanate benzyl thiocyanate: increases activities of anhydrotetracycline oxygenase	2.34	2	0	thiocyanates
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.05	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	1.95	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	11.05	507	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	4.26	18	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
levanol fast cyanine 5rn Levanol Fast Cyanine 5RN: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	9.05	68	4	thujene	plant metabolite
1-octen-3-ol 1-octen-3-ol: main flavor component of mushrooms; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; bait for insect vectors (tsetse, sandflies, mosquitoes). oct-1-en-3-ol : An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.	2.1	1	0	alkenyl alcohol; medium-chain fatty alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fungal metabolite; insect attractant; volatile oil component
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	7.87	147	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	9.73	31	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	3.11	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
ecdysone [no description available]	2.35	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
uridine diphosphate xylose Uridine Diphosphate Xylose: The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.	2.38	2	0	UDP-sugar	fundamental metabolite
furaneol furaneol: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one : A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits.	2	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; furans	flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
denatonium benzoate [no description available]	4.16	16	0
streptomycin [no description available]	5.06	14	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	7.83	34	0	carbon oxoanion
l 451167 L 451167: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.06	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
cladribine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	4.33	4	1
chlorophenol red chlorophenol red: used in transport studies of goldfish renal tubules; structure	2.07	1	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	3.36	7	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.7	3	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	2.03	1	0	cinnamate ester
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	1.94	1	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.4	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	1.97	1	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzetimide [no description available]	1.95	1	0	piperidines
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	4.71	9	0	dioxolane
maleic hydrazide Maleic Hydrazide: 1,2-Dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. A herbicide and plant growth regulator; also used to control suckering of tobacco. Its residue in food and tobacco is highly toxic, causing CNS disturbances and liver damage.	6.92	1	0	pyridazinone
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	3.12	5	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.4	2	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.73	10	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
xylamidine xylamidine: structure	1.96	1	0
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	3.12	5	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.45	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1h-pyrazole 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole: abscission agent for loosening citrus fruit before harvesting; do not confuse with triclopyr	2.03	1	0
tert-nitrosobutane [no description available]	1.97	1	0
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
1-phenyl-3,3-dimethyltriazene [no description available]	1.95	1	0
hepes [no description available]	3.85	12	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	3.53	1	1	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	12.96	39	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	1.99	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.37	89	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	5.19	50	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	4.15	17	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	2.02	1	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.45	2	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	3.96	14	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	8.23	6	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	3.24	6	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	1.96	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	1.94	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.03	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.66	3	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.53	26	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	4.61	10	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.7	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	2.37	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	6.15	16	2	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	2.37	2	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
actinium Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; scandium group element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.87	4	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	5.49	63	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.73	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	7.64	46	1	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	3.56	1	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	3.72	10	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	9.52	23	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.45	2	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.14	17	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	3.07	5	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	1.97	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.56	1	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	3.77	2	1	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	3.13	5	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.94	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	8.38	7	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	10.19	50	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	3.47	8	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.78	11	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	3.67	10	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	5.32	13	1	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	5.01	9	1	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
stannic chloride [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	4.12	16	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2	1	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	10.61	15	5	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.07	1	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	11.69	10	6	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	3.81	2	1	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	2.02	1	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	2.96	4	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	3.65	10	0	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	5.54	5	1	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
monoethylglycinexylidide monoethylglycinexylidide: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; metabolite of xylocaine; structure. monoethylglycinexylidide : Amino acid amide formed from 2,6-dimethylaniline and N-ethylglycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.	2.02	1	0	amino acid amide	drug metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	4.74	9	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	3.42	7	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	3.35	7	0	inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite [no description available]	2.42	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
magnesium phosphate (2:3) [no description available]	2.44	2	0	inorganic magnesium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	5.43	8	2	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	5.54	9	2	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	9.53	67	6	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	3.35	7	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	5.33	7	2	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist	1.95	1	0
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	4.85	8	1	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	6.93	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
sodium chromate(vi) sodium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with (MF) CR-H2-O4.Na. sodium chromate : An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	carcinogenic agent; diagnostic agent; oxidising agent; poison
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.88	3	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.08	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2.46	2	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
zinc phosphate zinc phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified Zn salt; see also record for ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT RN 7779-90-0; hopeite was non-print entry term to ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT 1982-91	2.37	2	0
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	7.4	65	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	3.9	13	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	10.7	27	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
lead fluoride lead fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2	1	0
zinc fluoride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	9.03	14	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2.37	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.21	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions.	3.36	1	1
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	12.46	195	2
sodium hydride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.02	1	0
sizofiran Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.	2.04	1	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	5.58	22	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	1.96	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.03	1	0	aluminium sulfate
ammonium ferric sulfate ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	2.05	1	0	ammonium salt; iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	ferroptosis inducer
ferric pyrophosphate ferric pyrophosphate : An iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio.	2.17	1	0	iron coordination entity
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	2.01	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	7.97	4	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.76	3	0	cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.39	2	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
norsolorinic acid norsolorinic acid: isolated from Aspergillus parasiticus. norsolorinic acid : A polyketide that is anthraquinone bearing four hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 8 as well as a hexanoyl substituent at position 2.	2.03	1	0	polyketide; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	fungal metabolite
cesium sulfate cesium sulfate: used in forming density gradients	2.4	2	0
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.69	3	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
chlormerodrin Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans.	1.94	1	0	organomercury compound; ureas	diagnostic agent; diuretic
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.07	5	0
tetrazepam tetrazepam: structure	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
dimethonium dimethonium: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.96	1	0
rhamnose [no description available]	11.04	47	7	L-rhamnose
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.05	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	6.81	63	1	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ancymidol ancymidol : A tertiary alcohol that is methanol in which the hydrogens attached to the carbon are replaced by cyclopropyl, p-methoxyphenyl and pyrimidin-5-yl groups. By inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, ancymidol reduces plant growth, resulting in reduced internode elongation and thus more compact plants. It is used in the commercial production of a wide variety of container-grown bedding and foliage plants, including chrysanthemums, Easter lilies and poinsettias.	2.42	2	0	pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol	cellulose synthesis inhibitor; gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor; plant growth retardant
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.87	4	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.	1.98	1	0	alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
dimethyl adipimidate Dimethyl Adipimidate: Bifunctional cross-linking agent that links covalently free amino groups of proteins or polypeptides, including those in cell membranes. It is used as reagent or fixative in immunohistochemistry and is a proposed antisickling agent.	1.95	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.76	3	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
misonidazole Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.	1.95	1	0
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.06	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	phenoxy herbicide
calcium chromate(vi) calcium chromate(VI): RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1-nitrosourea: structure	1.95	1	0
metopimazine metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	phenothiazines
menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).	2.71	3	0	menthone
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.69	3	0
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.42	2	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.06	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	7.89	4	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.5	2	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	4.44	22	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
ethephon (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid: structure in first source. (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.	3.29	6	0	phosphonic acids	plant growth regulator
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	2.07	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	17.11	234	30	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.46	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.96	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
benomyl [no description available]	2	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	acaricide; anthelminthic drug; antifungal agrochemical; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.54	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
cresyl violet cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.	2.05	1	0
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	9.38	4	1	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
etoprine etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP	1.95	1	0
mecysteine mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough.	2.07	1	0	L-cysteinyl ester; primary amino compound; thiol	mucolytic
keracyanin cyanidin 3-rutinoside: an anthocyanin compound. cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.89	3	0	anthocyanin chlorides
oryzalin oryzalin: a dinitroaniline; preemergence herbicide; structure. oryzalin : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by nitro groups and at position 4 by a dipropylamino group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; antimitotic; herbicide
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	11.35	11	4	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
geosmin geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.	1.99	1	0	geosmin
iodine [no description available]	4.62	28	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone neohesperidin dihydrochalcone : A member of the dihydrochalcones that is 3,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone attached to a neohesperidosyl residue at position 4' via glycosidic linkage. It is found in sweet orange.	2.89	4	0	dihydrochalcones; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	2.36	2	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	3.36	7	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
lofexidine lofexidine: reduces narcotic withdrawal symptoms; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6247	2	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; dichlorobenzene; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent
4-nitrophenyl 4'-guanidinobenzoate 4-nitrophenyl 4'-guanidinobenzoate: kallikrein substrate; acrosin antagonist in sperm; serine esterase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
luteoskyrin luteoskyrin: mycotoxin from Penicillium islandicum; pollutant of stored rice; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search NAPHTHOQUINONES (75-85); RN given refers to (1S,1'S,2R,2'R,3S,3'S,9aR,9'aR)-isomer	1.94	1	0
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2.48	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.07	1	0	ergot alkaloid
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	2.54	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	11.33	334	3	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	5.91	9	3	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.	7.21	1	0	phenols	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.97	4	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
ethyl hexanoate ethyl hexanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol.	2.03	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester; hexanoate ester	metabolite
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	2.72	3	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol.	2.96	4	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nonanal nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	2.48	2	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human metabolite; plant metabolite
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.68	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	indoles
sucrose octaacetate sucrose octaacetate: bitter tasting cpd preferred by rats to quinine; RN given refers to ((beta-D)-fructofuranosyl)-isomer	8.31	62	2	glycoside
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.48	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	2.48	2	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	3.78	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.1	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.42	7	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
cyanine green g base [no description available]	2.06	1	0
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.6	1	0
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.89	4	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
carticaine Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.	1.95	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	10.06	44	6
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.	2	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid
alkenes [no description available]	2.93	4	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.68	3	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	8.99	103	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	13.53	72	21	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.66	3	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.67	3	0
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.48	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
bis(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.	1.95	1	0
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	2.66	3	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	3.6	9	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	11.19	45	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	3.11	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	7.77	3	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
norflurazone norflurazone: structure. norflurazon : A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, chloro, and methylamino groups, respectively. A pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds in a variety of crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.	2.93	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; organochlorine compound; pyridazinone; secondary amino compound	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; herbicide
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
emepronium Emepronium: A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.	1.96	1	0	diarylmethane
ferrozine Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.	2.08	1	0
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	8.66	10	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.14	5	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
clanobutin clanobutin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	benzamides
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	2.07	1	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	2.7	3	0
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrroline
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	9.41	21	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
bikaverin bikaverin : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 10H-benzo[b]xanthene-7,10,12-trione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 11, methoxy groups at positions 3 and 8 and a methyl group at position 1.	7.05	1	0
etoposide [no description available]	4.22	5	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	4.75	7	1	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
acetosulfame acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.	13.03	72	2	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; sulfamate ester	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	1.98	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.05	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	1.95	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.05	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.05	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	3.26	6	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
3-phenoxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.38	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.75	3	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	3.1	5	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	1.98	1	0	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.62	9	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	2.05	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.5	2	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
thidiazuron [no description available]	2.77	3	0	ureas
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.99	4	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
moniliformin moniliformin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with plant product, moniliformin	2.25	1	0
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	2.02	1	0
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.38	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.05	1	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.02	1	0	azepanes
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.03	1	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine [no description available]	1.95	1	0
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.96	1	0
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	7.48	2	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	3.86	4	0
fluridone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	phenylpyridine	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor
dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.	2.67	3	0
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	2.72	2	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.41	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	7.99	4	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	7.92	4	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.48	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
mezlocillin Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.	1.98	1	0
chlorsulfuron chlorsulfuron: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. chlorsulfuron : An N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the non-sulfonylated nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. A herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley and oats.	2.01	1	0	methoxy-1,3,5-triazine; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.45	2	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.93	13	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	7.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
pimonidazole pimonidazole: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
octenidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	dihydropyridine
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	7.24	31	1	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	2.05	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	1.98	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	2.05	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.52	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	2.72	3	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ethyl 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl)oxiran-2-carboxylate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.68	3	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.79	3	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	4.27	18	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.44	2	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
imazethapyr imazethapyr: do not confuse with imazapyr, which is the 5-desethyl analog of imazethapyr	2.01	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.49	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.76	10	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	7.48	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
spiradoline spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.41	2	0
disoxaril disoxaril: antipicornavirus agent	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	3.09	5	0
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.44	2	0	salicylamides
delmopinol delmopinol: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	morpholines
mk 458 MK 458: a sustained release formulation of a naphthoxazine compoud with selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonism. naxagolide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of naxagolide.	2.7	3	0	hydrochloride	anticonvulsant; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
cy 208-243 CY 208-243: structure given in first source	6.98	1	0	phenanthridines
n 0437, (-)-isomer rotigotine: Antiparkinson Agent and dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.67	3	0	tetralins
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	2.41	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.53	2	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.41	2	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.43	2	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
bimakalim bimakalim: potassium channel activator	1.98	1	0
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.89	2	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.84	3	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	5.65	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	3.31	6	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.07	1	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
duloxetine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	8.51	10	4	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.48	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	8.68	53	3	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.	1.99	1	0
dibutyltin oxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	5.51	7	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
pyranine pyranine: structure	2.41	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.05	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	3.38	7	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	3.07	5	0
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.93	4	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	4.23	17	0	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	3.94	13	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.65	3	0	inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity	antidepressant; biomarker
carbogen carbogen: mixture of 95% O2 & 5% CO2	2	1	0
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	5.84	31	0
octyl glucoside octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.	4.01	4	0	beta-D-glucoside	plant metabolite
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.36	6	0	hydrochloride
dt 5061 norethindrone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, ferrous fumarate drug combination: contains norethindrone & ethinyl estradiol	2.13	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	12.49	212	7	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
cefprozil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	2.07	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	12.36	143	2	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
acid citrate dextrose acid citrate dextrose: used as blood preservative; a mixture of dextrose, citric acid and trisodium citrate	2.36	2	0
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0
alitame alitame: nonnutritive sweetener; 2000 times sweeter than sucrose; formed from aspartic acid, alanine & an amide	5.17	3	1	dipeptide
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.95	4	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.89	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.79	3	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	6.06	3	2	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.82	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
amprenavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.13	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	2.44	2	0
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.89	4	0
methylthymidine methylthymidine: RN given refers to N-3-methylthymidine	2.01	1	0
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3	4	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.06	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.95	4	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
phenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside phenylglucoside: RN given refers to (beta-(D))-isomer	2.03	1	0	glycoside
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.95	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	1.93	1	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	1.96	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	2.05	1	0
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.93	4	0
4-nitrophenylgalactoside 4-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	1.99	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative	affinity label
thomsen-friedenreich antigen Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen: do not confuse with T antigens, which are viral	2.05	1	0
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.	1.99	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	4.08	16	0	iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.05	1	0
neocuproine neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.	2.13	1	0	phenanthrolines	chelator; copper chelator
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.75	12	6	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
fructose-1-phosphate fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.	3.46	2	0	D-fructose 1-phosphate
inositol hexasulfate inositol hexasulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.78	3	0
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.68	3	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
baccatin iii [no description available]	6.99	1	0	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.67	3	0	purine nucleoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate: substrate for demonstration of activity of alkaline phosphatase; structure given in first source. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate that is indoxyl phopshate in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which cleaves the phosphate group to give 5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.	2	1	0	aryl phosphate; indoles; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound	chromogenic compound
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	3.85	11	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	3.68	10	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
bendamustine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.02	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
imirestat imirestat: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.31	1	0	beta-carbolines
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
abecarnil [no description available]	2.02	1	0
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	3.57	2	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate: structure in first source. anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid : A member of the class of anthraquinones that is 9,10-anthraquinone substituted at positions 2 and 6 by sulfo groups.	2.02	1	0	anthraquinone; arenesulfonic acid
pyrocatechol violet [no description available]	1.95	1	0
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	2.37	2	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
viridicatin viridicatin: structure. viridicatin : A hydroxyquinolone that is 3-hydroxyuinolin-2(1H)-one which is substituted at position 4 by a phenyl groups. Isolated from the mycelium of several Penicillium species, it exhibits strong antibiotic activity against M. tuberculosis and also against B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. cerevisiae.	1.99	1	0	hydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; marine metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
n-acetyl-l-arginine N-acetyl-L-arginine: has effect on convulsive seizures. N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.01	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid	human metabolite
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	3.99	14	0	phenanthroline
benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	4.55	23	0	1,2,3-triazole
orsellinic acid orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source. o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.21	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite; metabolite
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.	2.04	1	0	isocoumarins
rubrene [no description available]	7.03	1	0
duroquinone tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone: structure in first source. duroquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	2	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	3.58	9	0	anthocyanidin chloride
nebularine nebularine: structure. nebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.	1.98	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; purines D-ribonucleoside	fungal metabolite
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	4.84	7	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.99	4	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	3.82	2	1	aryl sulfate; pyridines
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.83	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.28	6	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	7.05	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
resorufin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	phenoxazine
phenylpropiolic acid phenylpropiolic acid: structure. phenylpropiolic acid : An acetylenic compound that is propynoic acid in which the acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a phenyl group.	2.06	1	0	acetylenic compound; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzenes
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	3.12	5	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
opromazine opromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 9th ed, Merck Index, #6697	1.99	1	0	phenothiazines
tyrosyltyrosine tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.	3.64	1	1	tyrosyltyrosine	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.	2.05	1	0	MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid
bicinchoninic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	7.05	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	2.69	3	0
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2.02	1	0
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	2.05	1	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.88	4	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	1.92	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.77	3	0	tocol
trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.	26.52	431	70	disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	2.05	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.54	2	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
emiglitate [no description available]	9.61	3	2
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
prednisolone phosphate prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; glucocorticoid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist; prodrug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.4	2	0
fagomine fagomine: structure in first source	9.18	3	0	piperidines
magnolol [no description available]	2.77	3	0	biphenyls
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.46	2	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.05	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
neamine neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source. neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group.	2.08	1	0	2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside; aminoglycoside	antibacterial agent
leupeptin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
bostrycoidin bostrycoidin: structure given in first source; isolated from the fungus Fusarium bostrycoides	2.31	1	0
coumarin 314 coumarin 314: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	7-aminocoumarins; ethyl ester	fluorochrome
vexibinol vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.	2.25	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone	antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
cresol red [no description available]	6.99	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
xylenol orange xylenol orange: carboxylate anion which exhibits characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal	2.43	2	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	3.59	8	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	2.6	1	0
new methylene blue [no description available]	2.02	1	0
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.66	2	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
hdta HDTA: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	2.52	2	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
triphenylmethylphosphonium triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.67	3	0
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.	2.38	2	0	alanine derivative; alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	human urinary metabolite
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; primary amine	histamine agonist; metabolite
nalidixate sodium tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine: coupling reagent for enzyme immobilization	2.02	1	0
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid : A member of the class of furans carrying two carboxy substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.25	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; furans	human urinary metabolite
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	3.81	11	0	monocarboxylic acid
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.76	3	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
1-dodecylimidazole [no description available]	1.97	1	0
truxillic acid truxillic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.01	1	0
12-hydroxydodecanoic acid 12-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid.	1.96	1	0	omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid	human metabolite
alanylglycine alanylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.07	1	0
piperazine-n,n'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid): RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diylbisethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.	1.96	1	0	PIPES
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid: structure in first source. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid : A member of the class of furoic acids that is 2-furoic acid substituted at position 5 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal metabolite; human urinary metabolite; nematicide
4-amino-2-methylquinoline 4-amino-2-methylquinoline: used to induce miniature endplate potentials	2.02	1	0
tes 2-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)ethanesulfonic acid: structure in first source. N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.5 at 20 degreeC.	2.15	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; ethanolamines; TES
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.07	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-bromopalmitate 2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; bromo fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
s20098 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	acetamides
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
strontium titanium oxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.05	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym dicobalt edetate refers to di-Na salt	2.37	2	0
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.49	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
fludioxonil fludioxonil: structure in first source. fludioxonil : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.	2.01	1	0	benzodioxoles; nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyrroles	androgen antagonist; antifungal agrochemical; estrogen receptor agonist
s-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate: induces system acquired resistance in wheat; structure in first source. acibenzolar-S-methyl : A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.	2.21	1	0	benzothiadiazole; thioester	antifungal agrochemical; plant activator; profungicide
2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: cyclic condensation product of ribose and cysteine; structure given in first source; prodrug of L-cysteine; stimulates glutathione biosynthesis; has protective effect against radiation-induced injury and oxidative stress	2.03	1	0
coenzyme a [no description available]	4.3	20	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.59	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
5-thio-d-glucose 5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose	2	1	0
d-glucitol, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-, mixture with 1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannitol Palatinit: mixture of 1,6-mannitol glucopyranoside & 1,6-sorbitol glucopyranoside that affects de- and remineralization; non-cariogenic. 1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol : A 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.	7.21	14	3	(2xi)-6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabino-hexitol; 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol
mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol	2.53	2	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	8.31	107	3	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	6.16	18	2	iditol	fungal metabolite
beta-eudesmol beta-eudesmol: found in Atractylodes and other plants; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta))-isomer. beta-eudesmol : A carbobicyclic compound that is trans-decalin substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 by 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl, methyl and methylidene groups, respectively (the 2R,4aR,8aS-diastereoisomer).	2.41	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	volatile oil component
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.31	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
6-phosphogluconic acid gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.	1.97	1	0	gluconic acid phosphate	fundamental metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.21	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	2.73	3	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	10.22	4	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.92	4	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.37	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.01	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fenpiclonil fenpiclonil : A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.	7.15	1	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrroles	antifungal agrochemical
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	2.06	1	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
succinyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	1.97	1	0	omega-carboxyacyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; inhibitor; mouse metabolite
phospho-l-arginine phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.	2.17	1	0	L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	animal metabolite
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2	1	0
isometamidium chloride isometamidium chloride: Samorin & Veridium are tradenames	1.97	1	0	organic molecular entity
trinexapac-ethyl trinexapac-ethyl: structure in first source. trinexapac-ethyl : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trinexapac with ethanol.	2.21	1	0
s 53482 flumioxazin : A benzoxazine that is N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one which is substituted at position 6 by a 1,3-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl group and at position 7 by a fluorine. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used for the control of weeds in soya, peanuts, and a variety of vegetable and fruit crops.	2.01	1	0	benzoxazine; dicarboximide; organofluorine compound; terminal acetylenic compound	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide; teratogenic agent
aluminum maltolate aluminum maltolate: aluminum cpd, not an aluminum salt	1.98	1	0
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
lopinavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
melezitose melezitose: structure. melezitose : A trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids.	2.88	4	0	trisaccharide	animal metabolite
glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.11	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
indole-3-lactic acid indole-3-lactic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(indol-3-yl)lactic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.17	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	human metabolite
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	1.94	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	3.26	6	0	alpha-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound; monosaccharide derivative	chromogenic compound
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	4.32	20	0
isohumulone isohumulone: hop-derived compound	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid
dodecyl glucoside dodecyl glucoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	1.98	1	0
n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea forchlorfenuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size.	2.06	1	0	monochloropyridine; phenylureas	plant growth regulator
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	3.36	7	0	arabinitol
isomaltitol 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of alpha-D-glucopyranose and D-glucitol residues joined in sequence by a (1->6)-glycosidic bond.	1.97	1	0	glycosyl alditol; O-acyl carbohydrate
erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.	2.44	2	0	erythrose	plant metabolite
n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available]	2.73	3	0	acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide
cortisol octanoate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
malvidin 3-galactoside [no description available]	2.21	1	0	anthocyanidin glycoside
panose panose : A trisaccharide composed of D-glucopyranose units.	3.52	8	0	trisaccharide	plant metabolite
diprotin a [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	4.81	31	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
6-fluorotryptophan 6-fluorotryptophan: an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.38	2	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	glutathione conjugate
delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.	2.02	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; biomarker; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine: behaves as a partial agonist toward both alpha1-adrenergic & 5-HT(2) serotonergic receptors. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine : A 2-arylethylamine compound where the aryl moiety is 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl.	1.94	1	0	2-arylethylamine
cellulose sulfate cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9	1.97	1	0	ether; flavonoids
5-ketofructose 5-dehydro-D-fructose : A hexose obtained by selective dehydration at the 5-position of D-fructose.	2.93	3	0	hexose
lecanoric acid lecanoric acid: from a strain of Pyricularia (deuteromycetes); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.21	1	0	benzoate ester
phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	2.69	3	0
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	1.97	1	0
methotrexate-gamma-aspartate methotrexate-gamma-aspartate: used in antibody targeted liposomes	1.96	1	0
cyclopenol cyclopenol: RN given refers to cis-(-)-isomer	1.99	1	0
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.65	3	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
neokestose [no description available]	8.3	6	0	oligosaccharide
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile: a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist or modulator. also called DPN compound. 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta).	2.05	1	0	nitrile; phenols	estrogen receptor agonist
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	4.57	26	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.36	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
hydrogen sulfite [no description available]	2.08	1	0	sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	2.76	3	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	3.56	1	1
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.37	2	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	2.68	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.78	3	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	4.44	2	2	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	5.4	11	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.1	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
cremophor el cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A	2.11	1	0
sr141716 [no description available]	5.58	22	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	3.07	4	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.46	2	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	2.73	3	0
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules	7.96	4	0
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2	1	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.02	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
laurdan laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide	7.17	1	0
2-(2-cresyl)-4h-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide 2-(2-cresyl)-4H-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide: cyclic metabolite of tri-o-cresyl phosphate; synergist for cholinesterase inhibitors	2.08	1	0
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.43	2	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.7	10	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	3.13	5	0
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	2.4	2	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
epibatidine epibatidine: a powerful, though toxic, pain killer produced by the poison arrow frog, Epipedobates tricolor; structure given in first source; more potent than morphine but acts at nicotine rather than opiate receptors	2.06	1	0
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	1.99	1	0
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer	2.05	1	0
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.45	2	0
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	4.07	13	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine [no description available]	2.44	2	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.39	2	0
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2	1	0	inositol phosphate
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	2.41	2	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.07	1	0
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets	2.04	1	0
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer	2.46	2	0
saikosaponin d [no description available]	2.07	1	0
beta-hydroxyvaleric acid 3-hydroxypentanoic acid : A short-chain fatty acid that is valeric acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.42	2	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; ketone body; short-chain fatty acid
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine [no description available]	7.39	2	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
tabtoxin tabtoxin: dipeptide containing tabtoxinine-beta-lactam with threonine; structure. tabtoxin : A monobactam phytotoxic dipeptide produced by Pseudomonas syringae, that causes wildfire disease in tobacco.	2	1	0	dipeptide; L-threonine derivative; monobactam; secondary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; toxin
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.54	7	0	proanthocyanidin
pisatin pisatin: phytoalexin produced in plants after injection with fungi; RN given refers to (6aS-cis)-isomer; structure	2.13	1	0
dihydrokainate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
sr 95531 [no description available]	2.94	4	0	methoxybenzenes
ecopipam ecopipam: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	benzazepine
1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound	plant metabolite
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
5-methoxy 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)1h indole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indoles
proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.	7.78	3	0
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.38	2	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
entonox Entonox: combination drug containing premixed 50% nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide) & 50% oxygen	3.13	1	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	1.98	1	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.39	2	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
octopine D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.	2.01	1	0	amino acid opine; amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-arginine derivative; guanidines; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	7.1	66	0
coumarin 343 coumarin 343: structure in first source	2.1	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
acetylphenylalanamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
ta 0910 TA 0910: structure given in first source; has central nervous system actions; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/90	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide	analgesic; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart	2.02	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.47	8	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	2.07	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
3-deoxyglucosone 3-deoxyglucosone: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. 3-deoxyglucosone : A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.	2.59	2	0	deoxyglucose; deoxyketohexose
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	1.96	1	0
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.	2.69	3	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside	detergent
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.43	2	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
listerine Listerine: hydroalcohol solution containing thymol, menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate & alcohol	2.75	3	0
viridicatol [no description available]	1.99	1	0
geraniin Geraniin: in various plants; structure in first source	7.41	1	0
gastrodin gastrodin: the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin); isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume;	2.1	1	0	glycoside
quadazocine quadazocine: RN given refers to (2 alpha,6 alpha,11S*)-(+-)-isomer	7	1	0
ponasterone a ponasterone A: RN given refers to (2 beta,3 beta,5 beta,22R)-isomer	2	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6-oxo steroid; phytoecdysteroid
fe(ii)-edta Fe(II)-EDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	iron coordination entity
brassinolide brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	8.31	6	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator; plant hormone
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0	purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.13	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
3beta-(n-(n',n'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol 3-(N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl)cholesterol: used to prepare sonicated liposomes	2.04	1	0
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	monoterpenoid
nitisinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	2.01	1	0
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate nitrobenzylthioinosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
cucurbitacins [no description available]	2.13	1	0	11-oxo steroid
n,n-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride N,N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride: structure given in first source; a sigma receptor ligand	2.05	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.95	13	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	2.06	1	0	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
tauroglycocholic acid tauroglycocholic acid: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	1.96	1	0
muricholic acid muricholic acid: internal standard in analysis of fecal bile acids; RN given refers to (3 alpha,5 beta)-isomer	1.96	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6-hydroxy steroid; 7-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	1.98	1	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
allitol allitol: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	hexitol
angustmycin a angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis	1.97	1	0	6-aminopurines
titanium tetrafluoride [no description available]	3.53	1	1
emeriamine emeriamine: derived from fungal metabolite emericedin; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
alpha-(difluoromethyl)arginine alpha-(difluoromethyl)arginine: irreversible inhibitor of arginine decarboxylase	1.97	1	0
meridol Meridol: contains amine fluoride 242 & stannous fluoride	3.46	1	1
thymidine diphosphate-l-rhamnose dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose : The beta-anomer of dTDP-L-rhamnose.	2.02	1	0	dTDP-L-rhamnose	Escherichia coli metabolite
thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
6-bromoconduritol [no description available]	2	1	0
tenax tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds	2	1	0
phytosphingosine phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5	2.73	3	0	amino alcohol; sphingoid; triol	mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt	2.08	1	0
muristerone a muristerone A: a phytoecdysteroid	2.02	1	0
iodosulpride iodosulpride: 125I labeled; selective ligand for brain dopamine receptors; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0
butyryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	3.35	1	0	butanoyl-CoAs	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pd 128042 PD 128042: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	anilide
trehalose-6-phosphate [no description available]	12.6	32	0	trehalose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
erythrose 4-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer. D-erythrose 4-phosphate : An erythrose phosphate that is D-erythrose carrying a phosphate group at position 4. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle.	2.01	1	0	erythrose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-d-glucitol 2-acetamido-1,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-glucitol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
chaetoglobosins chaetoglobosins: like CYTOCHALASINS but with an indoyl in place of a phenyl ring at C10; chaetoglobosins A-J; metabolites of Chaetomium species; RN given refers to chaetoglobosin A; structure. chaetoglobosin A : A cytochalasan alkaloid isolated from Chaetomium globosum and Calonectria morganii.	1.99	1	0
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	2.46	2	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.97	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	1.94	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.	2.92	4	0	ribulose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.79	3	0	leucine derivative
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine 3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine: used for SPECT imaging of brain tumors; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without stereoisomeric designation	1.98	1	0
acth (4-10) ACTH (4-10): part of ACTH molecule containing amino acids 4-10 of total 39 amino acid chain; heptapeptide common to MSH & ACTH; RN given refers to glycine cpd	1.98	1	0
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2	1	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.25	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
3-iodopindolol 3-iodopindolol: RN given refers to 125I-labeled cpd(-)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
citrate phosphate dextrose citrate phosphate dextrose: anticoagulant used in blood preservation	1.96	1	0
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	2.45	2	0	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
hoe 694 3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger	2	1	0
n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine: fluorescent probe for membrane lipids	2.02	1	0
h-d-phe-pip-arg-pna S 2238: chromogenic substrate for thrombin; used in amidolytic assay; patterned after N-terminal portion of A alpha chain of fibrinogen; synonym S-2238 refers to di-HCl	2.01	1	0
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.47	8	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
hydroxycitric acid hydroxycitric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.12	1	0	carbonyl compound
lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine: retains type II surface membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum; RN refers to all (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0
galactose-1-phosphate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate : A D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.96	1	0	alpha-D-hexose 1-phosphate; D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	diarylmethane
alanylglutamine alanylglutamine: RN refers to (L-Glu)-isomer; dipeptiven is for parenteral use. Ala-Gln : A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-glutamine residues.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
gamma-glutamylcysteine L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine : A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.	2.05	1	0	gamma-glutamylcysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.01	1	0	nicotinic acid dinucleotide	calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	2.45	2	0
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
glucogallin glucogallin: RN given refers to (D-glucose)-isomer	2.01	1	0
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist	2.42	2	0
hypothiocyanite ion hypothiocyanite ion: structure	2.66	3	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.03	1	0
ectoine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	osmolyte
methotrexate [no description available]	4.08	15	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
reboxetine Reboxetine: A morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether
agrocinopine agrocinopine: opine phosphorylated sugar synthesized by crown gall tumors & utilized as nutrient source by bacteria responsible for infection. agrocinopine : A subclass of opines, which are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumours or hairy root tumours produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium. Agrocinopines are set of sugar phosphodiester opines known to induce transfer of another Ti plasmid, pTiBo542.. agrocinopine A : A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of sucrose and L-arabinose units joined via a phosphodiester linkage between position 4(F) of sucrose and position 2 of arabinose.	7.41	1	0
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	7.48	2	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
cyanidin cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.	7.87	3	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
methyl-beta-d-fructoside methylfructoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	1.99	1	0
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate: nocturnal inhibitor	1.97	1	0	ribonic acid phosphate
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
n-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide: accumulated during osmotic stress in Rhizobium meliloti	1.99	1	0	dipeptide
cgp 36742 (3-aminopropyl)(n-butyl)phosphinic acid: interacts preferably with GABA-B RECEPTORS (IC50=38 μM) and GABA-C receptors (IC50=62 μM) over GABA-A RECEPTORS (IC50=508 μM)	2.03	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.48	2	0	biphenyls
4-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl-n-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenyl)benzamide 4-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl-N-(4-bromo-2-cyanophenyl)benzamide: increases lipoprotein lipase activity with resulting elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol	2.72	3	0
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide	2.03	1	0
l 368899 L 368899: a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.5	2	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
aspartame [no description available]	17.88	159	32	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
podophyllic acid podophyllic acid: natural product with antitumor effect	2.05	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	10.79	256	0	D-xylose
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	1.98	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
phytol [no description available]	2.02	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	7.83	96	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	3.71	9	0
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	2.6	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione [no description available]	2.41	1	0
docetaxel [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.05	1	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
tariquidar [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzamides
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.98	4	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.05	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
1-methylcyclopropene 1-methylcyclopropene: do not confuse with 1-methylcyclopropane. 1-methylcyclopropene : A member of the class of cyclopropenes that is cyclopropene in which the hydrogen at position 1 has been replaced by a methyl group. A gas at room temperture and pressure, it is a (synthetic) ethylene perception inhibitor and is used to prolong the life of cut and potted flowers, other ornamental plants, and fruit.	7.91	3	0	cycloalkene; cyclopropenes	agrochemical; plant growth regulator
glucose 6-(hydrogen sulfate) glucose 6-(hydrogen sulfate): RN given refers to (D)-isomer	1.97	1	0	monosaccharide sulfate
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
3-hydroxyhexanoic acid 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid: abnormal metabolite in urine & serum of diabetic ketoacidotic patients	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
naphthyl glucuronide naphthyl glucuronide: RN given refers to D-glucosiduronic acid, 1-naphthyl	1.96	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
ruboxistaurin ruboxistaurin: inhibits protein kinase C beta; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
10-deacetylbaccatine iii 10-deacetylbaccatine III: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
dimethyl-alpha-cyclodextrin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.05	1	0	tropane alkaloid
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	1.95	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	3.3	6	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	5.1	13	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	5.56	9	2	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
anhydrofusarubin anhydrofusarubin: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	7.11	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
nps-568 N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist	2.07	1	0
rhodioloside [no description available]	2.43	2	0	glycoside
calcium aluminate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
sd(c)28 Sd(C)28: 28-residue oligodeoxycytidylate with sulfur substituted at a nonbridge oxygen of each phosphate atom	1.98	1	0
indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
zinc selenite [no description available]	2.17	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.45	2	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
mega 8 MEGA 8: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.8	3	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.43	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	1.94	1	0	carbodiimide
methylisopropylamiloride [no description available]	2.01	1	0
cannabidiolic acid cannabidiolic acid: structure. cannabidiolic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide; resorcinols
zinc hematoporphyrin [no description available]	2.42	2	0
(sulfobromophthalein)glutathione conjugate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
secoxyloganin secoxyloganin: from Guettarda playpoda. secoxyloganin : A secoiridoid glycoside that is [(2R,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]acetic acid in which the anometric hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It has been isolated from several plant species and exhibits antioxidant and anti-allergic properties.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dicarboxylic acid monoester; enoate ester; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-allergic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	2.79	3	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	5.43	8	2
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	1.96	1	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate : A ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway.	2.08	1	0	ketoheptose phosphate; sedoheptulose derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-n-propylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-n-propylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: cystene prodrug; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
arginine glutamate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
n-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide: structure in first source	1.99	1	0	aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; pyrrolidines
isovaleryl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.02	1	0	methylbutanoyl-CoA; short-chain fatty acyl-CoA	mouse metabolite
4'-galactooligosaccharide 4'-galactooligosaccharide: structure given in first source. galactooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of galactose residues.	2.1	1	0
leucrose leucrose: RN given refers to all (D)-isomer. leucrose : A glycosylfructose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue joined to D-fructopyranose via a (1->5)-linkage. An isomer of sucrose.	4.82	10	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.68	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	2.39	2	0
fungitetraose nistose: structure in first source	5	12	0	oligosaccharide
1,2-didecanoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-didecanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to parent compound	2.39	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	2.38	2	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
lanthanum carbonate lanthanum carbonate: a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease	6.53	7	1
threitol threitol: RN given refers to (R,R)-isomer. D-threitol : The D-enantiomer of threitol.	2.11	1	0	threitol	human metabolite
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	1.94	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	4.75	10	0
galactosyl-1,3-n-acetylglucosamine galactosyl-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine: an important unit in carbohydrate structures of various antigens, including Lewis A and B	2.05	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	4.82	33	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	4.71	30	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	2.02	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
eosine-5-isothiocyanate eosine-5-isothiocyanate: ''triplet'' probe for measuring slow rotational diffusion of macromolecules	1.95	1	0	isothiocyanate; organobromine compound
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.9	37	0
galactosucrose galactosucrose: a non-digestible trisaccharide produced from lactose and sucrose by beta-fructofuranosidase	10.02	12	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	10.76	344	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.21	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.02	1	0	piperidines
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.42	2	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	indoles; maleimides
zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor	2.44	2	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine
erlotinib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
lu 135252 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	2.02	1	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.07	5	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
pozanicline [no description available]	2.1	1	0
limonin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.	2.07	1	0	very long-chain fatty acid
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	3.4	7	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
n(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester N(alpha)-lauroylarginine ethyl ester: an antimicrobial surfactant; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.11	1	0
isospaglumic acid isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.	2.46	2	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
ezlopitant ezlopitant: structure in first source	7.05	1	0
vancosamine vancosamine: amino sugar from vancomycin	2.01	1	0
beta-alanine amide beta-alanine amide: structure. beta-alaninamide : An amino acid amide compound consisting of propionamide having a 3-amino substituent.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	4.24	18	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
difructose anhydride iv [no description available]	7.21	1	0
glucosylsucrose glucosylsucrose: principle constituent of coupling sugar which is prepared from starch & sucrose; similar taste to cane sugar. erlose : A trisaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue attached at the 4-position of the glucose ring.	2.94	4	0	trisaccharide
difructose anhydride iii difructose anhydride III: a non-reducing derivative of inulobiose	2.08	1	0	sugar dianhydride
latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure	2.07	1	0	methylpyridines; pyridoindole	geroprotector
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0	iron coordination entity
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.39	2	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
bifeprunox bifeprunox: an antipsychotic agent	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.52	2	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	4.04	4	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	7.93	4	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.46	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
erythritol [no description available]	11.67	84	3	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	5.82	37	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.73	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	10.36	14	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.	2.06	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	5.27	8	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	7.22	27	1	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene 2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene: structure given in first source; metabolite of o,p-DDD (mitotane)	5.83	2	2	diarylmethane
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.42	2	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	3.72	10	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.94	4	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	3.98	5	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	2.05	1	0	1-benzofurans
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
solanine Solanine: A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants.. solanine : A glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a trisccharide derivative of solanidine [(22beta)-solanid-5-en-3beta-ol].	2.15	1	0
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.07	1	0	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
fusicoccin fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure	8.12	5	0
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
kalafungin kalafungin: nanaomycin D from Streptomyces rosa & is enantiomer of kalafungin; RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,5alpha,11balpha))-isomer; see also nanaomycin C; structure of kalafungin in first source; structure of nanaomycin in second source	1.96	1	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
wortmannin [no description available]	8.26	6	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
ibogaine Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group.	3.14	5	0
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	8.37	6	0
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.97	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	3.22	6	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
fti 276 FTI 276: a ras CAAX (C - Cys; A - aliphatic amino acid; X - Ser or Met) peptidomimetic; inhibits farnesyltransferase; FTI-277 is the methyl ester derivative of FTI-276	2.07	1	0	methionine derivative
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.39	2	0
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	4.88	11	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.38	7	0
carboplatin [no description available]	7.71	3	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	6.88	87	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.	3.82	2	1	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	mouse metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	11.72	105	3
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	4.68	30	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	8.07	128	2	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.9	4	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.4	2	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.91	4	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	10.25	12	1	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	2.35	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	5.39	14	1
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	8.83	64	3	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	2.72	3	0	D-galacturonic acid
glucosamine 6-phosphate glucosamine 6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.99	4	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	7.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.93	4	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	11.16	194	4	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.03	4	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	4.44	7	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	2.44	2	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	6.03	28	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
d-tagatose D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.	7.17	11	2	D-tagatose
pantetheine Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.	2.03	1	0	pantetheines; thiol	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	3.6	9	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.	2.11	1	0	dipeptide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	12.14	142	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
salicin [no description available]	8.96	13	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
allose [no description available]	2.08	1	0	allopyranose; D-allose	antioxidant
scopolin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; coumarins; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein	2.73	3	0
puromycin [no description available]	4.99	41	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
stachyose stachyose: RN given refers to parent cpd. stachyose : A tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose.	6.08	38	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; tetrasaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
levanbiose levanbiose: structure given in first source	3.03	4	0	glycoside
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	13.8	95	17	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
maltohexaose alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltohexaose hexasaccharide consisting of five alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.85	4	0	maltohexaose hexasaccharide
mannuronic acid mannuronic acid: hydrolysis product of alginic acids from ALGAE; has anti-inflammatory activity. D-mannopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-mannonic acid.	1.97	1	0	D-mannonic acid
maltotetraose alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	3.05	5	0	maltotetraose tetrasaccharide
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	2.37	2	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	3.94	13	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
isomaltotriose isomaltotriose: RN given refers to all D-isomer. isomaltotriose : A glucotriose consisting of two alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.41	2	0	glucotriose
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
protochlorophyllide Protochlorophyllide: A photo-active pigment localized in prolamellar bodies occurring within the proplastids of dark-grown bean leaves. In the process of photoconversion, the highly fluorescent protochlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll.. protochlorophyllide : An analogue of chlorophyll that lacks the phytol side-chain. The parent of the protochlorophyllide class.	2.25	1	0
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.68	3	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5-methyldeoxycytidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	2'-deoxycytidine
1-kestose 1-kestose: sugar found in vegetables; structure given in first source. 1-kestose : A trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.	5.74	26	0	trisaccharide
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	4.98	9	1
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.76	3	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	2.03	1	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
estradiol-3-glucuronide estradiol-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (beta-D)-glucopyranosiduronic acid (17beta)-isomer. 17beta-estradiol 3-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; steroid glucosiduronic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-ketosucrose 3-ketosucrose: intermediate in production of 3-amino-3-deoxysucrose; RN given refers to (alpha-D-hexopyranoside & beta-D-fructofuranose)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 7/89. 3-ketosucrose : A glycosyl glycoside which is an intermediate in the breakdown of sucrose. The structure is that of sucrose in which the glucosyl 3-hydroxy group has been reduced to a keto group.	3.07	5	0	glycosyl glycoside; keto-disaccharide
pelargonidin pelargonidin: influences flower phenotype. pelargonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'.	2.21	1	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	plant metabolite
elymoclavine elymoclavine: ergot alkaloid isolated from cultures of fungi parasitic on Elymis mollis Trin; toxic alkaloid produced by Claviceps purpurea; structure	1.97	1	0	alkaloid
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.54	8	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	9.72	192	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	14.73	205	1	cellotriose
gulose gulose: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. gulopyranose : The pyranose form of gulose.. gulose : An aldohexose that is the C-3 epimer of galactose.	2.42	2	0	D-aldohexose; D-gulose; gulopyranose
psicose, (d)-isomer [no description available]	7.01	11	1	monosaccharide
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	4.27	19	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	3.69	10	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.49	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	8.25	6	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	5.41	14	1	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.03	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	8.35	7	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.46	2	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	6.98	1	0	benzazocine
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.03	1	0
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.04	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.05	1	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	10.55	6	3	piperidines
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
verbascose verbascose: a pentasaccharide from developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. verbascose : A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue.	7.48	2	0	pentasaccharide; raffinose family oligosaccharide
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	3.08	5	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
indican [no description available]	2.25	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	3.37	7	0
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.51	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
brucine brucine: was heading 1991-94 (see under STRYCHNINE 1975-90); DIMETHOXYSTRYCHNINE was see BRUCINE 1975-94; use STRYCHNINE to search BRUCINE 1975-94; very toxic alkaloid from Nux vomica similar to strychnine; used as reagent in analytical chemistry; was MH 1991-94	1.98	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	15.24	27	2	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
naringin [no description available]	3.41	6	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.84	3	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	4.31	3	1	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
alpha bitter acid humulon: antibiotic from hops; structure	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone; diketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	antibacterial drug; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	4.14	15	0
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	2.65	3	0
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	3.09	5	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	3.39	7	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	2.4	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
fengycin fengycin: lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis	2.1	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
trispheridine trispheridine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenanthridines
tolterodine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.07	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	anthracycline
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	3.75	11	0	amino sugar
dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	4.64	6	1	organic molecular entity
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	7.32	32	1	cyclodextrin
indoleglycerol phosphate indoleglycerol phosphate: inducer of tryptophan synthase. (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate : The (1S,2R)-diastereomer of 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate.	1.94	1	0	1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate
sucrose octasulfate [no description available]	11.21	69	5
acarbose [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.1	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	3.75	11	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.89	3	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	8.61	9	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.46	2	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	3.63	9	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	7.95	4	0	cyclodextrin
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	3.04	4	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.39	2	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	4.41	19	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	9.61	45	4	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
latrunculin a latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.	2.48	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	6.6	27	2	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	4.52	5	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	4.69	6	1
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	2.07	1	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.42	7	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	8.19	80	1	D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	1.96	1	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	14.73	227	9	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	8.43	7	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	3.4	7	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.77	3	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	2.06	1	0	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	3.53	2	0
lycopene [no description available]	5.07	5	2	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.05	1	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.45	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.05	1	0
violaxanthin violaxanthin: a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution); 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin & antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as ''violaxanthin cycle''; structure; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of ABSCISIC ACID biosynthesis. violaxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-beta,beta-carotene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 3'. It is the naturally occurring xanthophyll pigment found in a variety of plants.. all-trans-violaxanthin : The all-trans-stereoisomer of violaxanthin.	7.31	1	0	violaxanthin	food colouring
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.22	6	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	3.27	6	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.69	3	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
imidazolidines [no description available]	1.97	1	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
pantethine pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.	2.03	1	0	organic disulfide	coenzyme; nutraceutical
teniposide [no description available]	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.46	6	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	4.24	3	1
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.38	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	12.11	116	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	3.66	9	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.93	4	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	6.52	17	1	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.44	2	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.05	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.06	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	4.26	19	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	6.41	22	2	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.38	2	0	organic sodium salt
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.39	2	0	potassium salt
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.65	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	5.46	20	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	5.43	14	1	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	8.16	5	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	8.13	5	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
triacetoneamine-n-oxyl Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl: Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.. 4-oxo-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying an oxo group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidones	radical scavenger
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
4,5-epoxy-2-decenal 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	enal
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxazolidine oxazolidine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.25	6	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
alpha-asarone asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone.	2.6	1	0	asarone	anticonvulsant; GABA modulator
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	4.16	3	1	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	3.46	7	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	2.41	2	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	10.53	149	1
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.9	4	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.13	1	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.55	48	1	isomethyleugenol
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	4.71	6	1	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.03	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.96	4	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source	3.05	1	0	acetate ester
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.91	4	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.46	21	0	stilbene
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	3.6	9	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.88	4	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	7.7	3	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.02	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	3.01	4	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	2.37	2	0	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	4.96	15	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
sucrose-6-phosphate [no description available]	5.05	12	0	disaccharide phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	12.16	29	1	diphosphate ion
etorphine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	alcohol; morphinane alkaloid	opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; sedative
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
azidopine azidopine: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	benzamides
amygdalin [no description available]	3.78	3	0
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	2.66	3	0
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2.06	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	1.95	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
ferlixit ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats	9.78	17	4	polymer
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.68	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.69	3	0	S-glycosyl compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.25	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	7.5	29	1	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.64	9	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.73	3	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
1-methyltryptophan 1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator. 1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole.	2.08	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.67	3	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	3.77	11	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
rhodotorulic acid rhodotorulic acid: RN given refers to (1S-cis)-isomer; structure. rhodotorulic acid : A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.	2.37	2	0	2,5-diketopiperazines; hydroxamic acid; L-ornithine derivative	fungal metabolite; siderophore
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	8.17	5	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2.17	1	0
n-acetyltyrosylamide N-acetyltyrosylamide: substrate for lactoperoxidase; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.15	1	0
alpha-naphthyl thiourea alpha-naphthyl thiourea: structure	1.97	1	0	naphthalenes
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.38	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.26	16	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	2.47	2	0	diarylmethane
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.35	2	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.69	3	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
urb 597 cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester: a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	biphenyls
snap 37889 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	6.15	30	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
metiamide Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.	2.37	2	0	imidazoles
terbinafine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	1.98	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.02	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	9.37	19	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	6.96	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	4.69	30	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.02	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	22.67	1,780	65	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.31	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	7.71	3	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.41	1	0
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	2.01	1	0
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	4.74	7	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose 1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. levoglucosan : A anhydrohexose that is the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of beta-D-glucopyranose.	2.31	1	0	anhydrohexose	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; biomarker; human metabolite
meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, (r-(r,s))-isomer diphenylethylenediamine: structure in first source	3.56	1	1
streptozocin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	3.26	6	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	1.98	1	0	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	2.41	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	3.16	5	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.66	3	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
buclizine 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is octyl.	2.21	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
nadp [no description available]	6.65	72	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.32	6	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
8-azidoethidium 8-azidoethidium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium: a fluorescent redox probe used to provide direct visualization of actively respiring bacteria	2.1	1	0
4-hydroxyisoleucine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	isoleucine derivative
erythronic acid erythronic acid : The erythro-isomer of 2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoic acid.. D-erythronic acid : An erythronic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 2 and 3 both have R-configuration (the D-enantiomer).. erythronate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any erythronic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.51	1	1	erythronic acid
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.88	4	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	4.62	6	1	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	4.81	34	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.4	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.52	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	4.11	3	1	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	4.78	28	0
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.57	2	0	triol
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.98	4	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	7.54	178	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	3.1	5	0	nitrogen oxide
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	1.95	1	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	4.83	33	0	salicylamides
or 1259 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	0	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	8.7	9	2	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	15.04	453	8	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.31	1	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
mr 2266 MR 2266: RN refers to (2R-(2 alpha,6 alpha,11R*))-isomer; structure kappa opioid receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0
12-deoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate-20-acetate 12-deoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate-20-acetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer	1.98	1	0
boc-tyr(s03)-nle-gly-trp-nle-asp-2-phenylethyl ester JMV 180: distinguishes high-affinity cholecystokinin receptors from low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.98	1	0
3-diazotyramine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.42	2	0
2-ketogluconate 2-ketogluconate: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid : A ketoaldonic acid that is D-gluconic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been oxidised to a keto group.	2.17	1	0	keto-D-gluconic acid	bacterial metabolite
(5-(3-thienyl)tetrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (5-(3-thienyl)tetrazol-1-yl)acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
cystine [no description available]	8.75	11	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	8.62	9	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	8.97	12	0	benzazepine
bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R,S))-isomer	2.31	1	0	amino alcohol
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ly 303070 GYKI 53784: a 2,3-benzodiazepine cpd	2	1	0
atractylon atractylon: from Atractylodes rhizomes; has antihepatotoxic activity; structure given in first source	2.41	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
calcium sucrose phosphate calcium sucrose phosphate: maintains pH of dental plaque above critical level for enamel demineralization; mixture of calcium salts of phosphoric acid esters of sucrose & inorganic calcium orthophosphate	2.68	3	0
cysteine-glutathione disulfide cysteine-glutathione disulfide: a peptide pheromone that induces male ragworms to release sperm	2.03	1	0
calcium ammonium nitrate calcium ammonium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. calcium ammonium nitrate : A mixture obtained by combining ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and water. It is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.	2	1	0
pelargonidin-3-glucoside pelargonidin-3-glucoside: structure given in first source; RN given for chloride salt; RN for parent cpd not available 1/93. pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.21	1	0	anthocyanin chlorides
12-n-methyl-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazolamino stearate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose [no description available]	2	1	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	4.16	16	0
metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to cpd with structure HPO3. phosphonate(1-) : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.	2.02	1	0
bay-e 4609 Aplanin: oligosaccharide containing glucose as monomeric unit with an additional N-containing moiety	1.96	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	4.19	15	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.76	3	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.02	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	3.11	5	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	9.83	34	0
anthraquinone sulfonate anthraquinone sulfonate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified acid locant	2.13	1	0
epoxiconazole epoxiconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2S,3R)- and (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.. 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.	2.13	1	0	epoxide; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; triazoles
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	5.83	95	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	3.04	3	0
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	2.79	3	0	oligosaccharide
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
sb 242084 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source	2.04	1	0
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	2.5	2	0	quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	6.05	39	0
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.56	1	1	benzenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	1.94	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.36	7	0
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	N-acylindole
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.96	4	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.42	2	0
(r,s)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3h-benzofuran-2-one (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one: a positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
alpha-carotene alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene. alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively.	4.64	3	2	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	plant metabolite; provitamin A
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.31	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
kojibiose [no description available]	8.02	4	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.94	4	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.02	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
4-cresol sulfate p-cresol sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is p-cresol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	2.25	1	0	aryl sulfate	gut flora metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.02	1	0
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
ro 60-0175 Ro 60-0175: a 5HT 2C receptor agonist. 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group.	2.04	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.02	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	3.16	5	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	4.52	22	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	7.63	18	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	4.19	17	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	4.89	8	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.2	5	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.43	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	7.58	29	2	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	5.45	8	2	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	7.26	22	2
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	6.91	19	4	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	3.84	12	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.4	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.4	2	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.42	2	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	5.14	3	1	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	1.95	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
rosin rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin.	2.1	1	0
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.1	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	3.08	5	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	6.09	3	1	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	3.36	7	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.99	4	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	3.04	4	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.73	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.38	2	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	5.23	6	2	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.05	1	0	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	9.49	8	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
prostaglandin f1 prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	1.98	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.05	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
naringenin chalcone naringenin chalcone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereoisomer & from CA Vol 92 Form Index; RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/6/83; structure in first source. 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' ,4, 4', and 6' respectively.	2.6	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.65	9	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	4.4	22	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.05	1	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	4.17	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	2.05	1	0
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.83	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.05	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	3.51	1	1	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
11-octadecenoic acid 11-octadecenoic acid: vaccenic acid is the (E)-isomer. trans-vaccenic acid : The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid.	2.43	2	0	vaccenic acid
tentoxin tentoxin: cyclic peptide from fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct.; structure	1.97	1	0	lactam
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	9.36	18	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.	2.13	1	0	2-hexenal	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.97	4	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	9.76	7	1	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
spinasterol spinasterol: RN given refers to alpha-spinasterol ((3beta,5alpha,22E)-isomer)	2.4	2	0	steroid
strigol strigol: a strigolactone from roots of various PLANTS; it stimulates seed germination of parasitic STRIGA and OROBANCHE; structure in first source. strigol : A strigolactone in which the tricyclic lactone moiety bears a hydroxy substitutuent at the position para to the gem-dimethyl group.	2.17	1	0	indenofuran; secondary alcohol; strigolactone
esculin [no description available]	8.28	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.5	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	3.27	6	0	alpha-humulene
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	9.33	3	1	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.42	2	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	7.21	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure	2.04	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.25	1	0	stilbenoid
pterostilbene [no description available]	7.21	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.15	1	0	oligosaccharide
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	8.58	8	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia	2.6	1	0	stilbenoid
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	3.98	2	1	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.15	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
3,3',4-o-trimethylellagic acid 3,7,8-tri-O-methylellagic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	tannin
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.42	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	9.7	6	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	8.17	5	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
picromycin picromycin: structure. pikromycin : A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.	2.11	1	0	enone; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	bacterial metabolite
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.88	4	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
alpha-ionone alpha-ionone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.15	1	0	enone; ionone; methyl ketone
kaempferol-3-o-galactoside kaempferol-3-O-galactoside: isolated from Ardisia pusilla; RN given refers to (3-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy))-isomer. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.	2.06	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	1.99	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	3.22	6	0	stilbenoid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.17	1	0	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	4.26	5	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.46	2	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.05	1	0
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
fondaparinux Fondaparinux: Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.. fondaparinux : A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.	2.03	1	0	amino sugar; oligosaccharide sulfate; pentasaccharide derivative	anticoagulant
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	4.29	4	1	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-octenal 2-octenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-oct-2-enal : The (E)-isomer of oct-2-enal.. oct-2-enal : An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.	2.07	1	0	oct-2-enal	antifungal agent; volatile oil component
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.96	4	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
2,4-decadienal (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.	2.07	1	0	polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde	apoptosis inducer; nematicide
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	2.54	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.7	3	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
monolinolein monolinolein: inactivates or inhibits African Swine Fever virus. rac-1-monolinoleoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol that is composed of equal amounts of 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol.	2.07	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:2; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	antiviral agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	3.56	1	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	4.2	3	1
cholesteryl oleate cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.	2.37	2	0	CE(18:1); cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate	mouse metabolite
fucosterol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	steroid
codeine [no description available]	2.97	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.35	2	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure	2.05	1	0	pyridoindole
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.05	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	1.95	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	6.98	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.48	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	5.27	52	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	8.2	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	4.98	3	3	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
proscillaridin Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	3.68	9	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	4.15	3	1	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	3.69	3	0	cyclodextrin
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	3.56	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.27	6	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cellodextrin cellodextrin: can be metabolized by some yeast species. cellooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide with between two and about 20 D-glucose residues connected by mixed alpha and beta (1->4) glycosidic linkages.. cellodextrin : A dextrin of varying length (two or more glucose monomers) resulting from cellulolysis, the breakdown of cellulose.	2.25	1	0	glucotriose	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
lobeline Lobeline: An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.	2.42	2	0
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	9.49	92	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	1.99	1	0
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
xylulose [no description available]	2.11	1	0	xylulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor	1.98	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.52	8	0	morphinane alkaloid
bibp 3226 BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer	2.01	1	0
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	6.99	6	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain	2.02	1	0	oligopeptide
endomorphin 2 endomorphin 2: isolated from bovine brain	2.02	1	0
sb 277011 SB 277011: structure in first source	2.97	4	0
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.11	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	2	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.49	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
preclamol preclamol: centrally acting dopamine receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors	1.97	1	0
l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively	1.99	1	0	benzodiazepine
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	3.35	7	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.46	2	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	9.41	22	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	7.41	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.46	2	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	2.7	3	0
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	3.84	11	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	2.1	1	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
syringin syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.51	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; dimethoxybenzene; monosaccharide derivative; primary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	2.21	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
icariin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
taxuyunnanine c [no description available]	7.44	2	0	taxane diterpenoid
thunberginol a thunberginol A: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
furazolidone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	3	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	2.41	2	0
ag-490 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.47	2	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	1.97	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	1.93	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	5.15	45	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	3.34	7	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
3-hexenylacetate 3-hexenylacetate: RN refers to (Z)-isomer	3.7	1	0	carboxylic ester
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.04	1	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	7.9	4	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	1.98	1	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.13	5	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	8.11	317	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	11.65	43	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	11.48	61	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	9.1	51	5	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	2.87	4	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	7.35	36	1	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	4.96	8	1	metal atom; pnictogen
dihydromorphine Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.	2.03	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.66	3	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	10.17	48	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.87	4	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	8.29	59	2	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2.94	4	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	3.21	6	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefixime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	4.49	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.01	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	11.03	27	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.	2.25	1	0	azoxy compound
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	2.01	1	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol 2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol: from cigarette smoke condensate; inhibits tumor promotion by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate; structure given in first source; RN given is for alpha-cembratriene	1.97	1	0
germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7	2.07	1	0
plastoquinone [no description available]	2.47	2	0	plastoquinone
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	2.4	2	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.64	3	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	8.04	4	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.46	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.88	4	0
cytochalasin a [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cytochalasin
3-acetyldeoxynivalenol 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is deoxynivalenol acetylated on the oxygen at C-3. A skin and eye irritant, along with its 15-acetyl regioisomer and its parent deoxynivalenol it is considered among the most commonly and widely distributed cereal contaminants.	2.04	1	0	trichothecene	epitope; mycotoxin
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	3.7	10	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.94	4	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
sedoheptulose [no description available]	2.08	1	0	ketoheptose
rifamycin b [no description available]	2.38	2	0	acetate ester; carboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; rifamycins
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.35	2	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	4.05	15	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-ketogluconic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hexonic acid; ketoaldonic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime [no description available]	2	1	0	(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.35	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
bleomycin [no description available]	2.39	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
turanose turanose : A glycosylfructose isolated from Daphnia magna.	5.35	17	0	glycosylfructose	Daphnia magna metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.99	50	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	4.61	25	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	14.04	169	15	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.49	7	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
bialaphos bilanafos : A tripeptide comprising one L-phosphinothricyl and two L-alanyl units joined in sequence.	1.99	1	0	phosphinic acids; tripeptide	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	4.13	15	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.41	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.77	3	0
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
panaxynol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	long-chain fatty alcohol
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
alanyl-alanyl-alanine alanyl-alanyl-alanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ala-Ala-Ala : A tripeptide composed of three L-alanine units joined by peptide linkages.	2	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	2.05	1	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	2.17	1	0
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.46	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.27	6	0	isoquinolines
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.03	1	0
binaltorphimine binaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.44	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	4.68	27	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	2.65	3	0
sinigrin sinigrin: glucosinate in mustard seeds etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd. sinigrin : An alkenylglucosinolic acid that consists of 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose having a 4-[(sulfooxy)imino]but-1-en-4-yl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.93	4	0	alkenylglucosinolic acid
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure	1.98	1	0
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-cys(6)- enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Cys(6)-: affinity label for delta-opiate receptors	2.39	2	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	2.58	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
biphalin biphalin: enkephalin dimer; two fragments of Ala(2)-enkephalin are connected by a diamine bridge to form above cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
3,8-dihydroxy-6h-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo(b,d)pyran-6-one: metabolite of ellagic acid	2.25	1	0	coumarins	geroprotector
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	4.86	8	1	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	3.31	6	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.42	2	0	dichlorobenzene
famotidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
bafilomycin a [no description available]	2.7	3	0
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	8.68	163	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.11	5	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	5.68	7	3	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.53	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin-3'-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside quercetin 3'-O-glucoside: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
urobilin [no description available]	2.41	1	0
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	3.21	5	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins	2.69	3	0
cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer	2.17	1	0
flumethrin flumethrin: synthetic pyrethrin insecticide	2.02	1	0
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	10.67	81	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
barium titanate(iv) barium titanate(IV): RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0
kresoxim-methyl kresoxim-methyl: strobilurin analogue; an industrial fungicide. kresoxim-methyl : A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; oxime O-ether	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	3.6	9	0
gr 46611 GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs	2.02	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
iodoresiniferatoxin iodoresiniferatoxin: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist	2.05	1	0
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
ro 42-5892 remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; diol; L-histidine derivative; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor; peptidomimetic; vasodilator agent
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	5.2	50	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
sibiricose a6 sibiricose A6: isolated from root bark of Polygala tenuifolia; structure in first source	2.75	3	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	6.18	25	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide: drying agent for bacterial cultural extracts analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography; structure. diphosphonate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid.	2	1	0
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	2.31	1	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	3.06	5	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	2.45	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	4.15	17	0
pyroantimonate pyroantimonate: RN from 9th CI, Chem Subs Index & given refers to ion; see also potassium antimonate: 16210-51-8, sodium antimonate: 20602-01-1	6.96	1	0
alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination: foaming antacid containing aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate & alginic acid	1.97	1	0
permite c Permite C: a high-copper admix (lathe-cut plus spherical particle) amalgam	3.43	1	1
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.05	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
tytin tytin: composed of Ag, Cu, Sn	3.43	2	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	4.43	21	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	4.59	27	0	amidobenzoic acid
zoniporide zoniporide: inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1)	2.07	1	0
ferrous fumarate ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt	4.78	2	1	dicarboxylic acid
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.98	1	0	polyterpene
hygromycin a hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B	2.76	3	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	2.39	2	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
tiacrilast tiacrilast: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	3.11	5	0
citreoviridin citreoviridin: formed from Penicillium toxicarium, Penicillium citeoviride; Penicillium ochrosalmoneum on rice during storage	7.11	1	0	2-pyranones
latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.	2.02	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	3.26	6	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
falcarindiol falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
aminoethoxyvinylglycine aminoethoxyvinylglycine: RN given for (S-(E))-isomer	2.15	1	0
dioleoyl phosphate dioleoyl phosphate: synthetic lipid analog	1.96	1	0
uniconazole uniconazole: structural analog of diniconazole; RN refers to ((E)-(+-))-isomer; structure given in first source. uniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of uniconazole-P and its enantiomer, (R)-uniconazole.. (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.	7.21	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazoles
dehydroergosterol dehydroergosterol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.	2	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	biomarker; metabolite
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid SDZ EAA 494: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	2.45	2	0
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source	2.7	3	0
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.42	2	0	phosphatidylethanolamine
concanamycin a concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.	7.73	3	0	carbamate ester; concanamycin	antifungal agent; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite
cholesteryl linoleyl ether cholesteryl linoleyl ether: analog of cholesterol linoleate	2.38	2	0
palitantin palitantin: RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta(1E,3E),5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	1.99	1	0
cholesteryl oleyl ether cholesteryl oleyl ether: not as rapidly degraded as the cholesterol esters; RN given refers to (3beta(Z))-isomer	1.98	1	0
ah 21-132 [no description available]	3.36	1	1
disufenton sodium disufenton sodium: a nitrone benzene bissulfonate in development for stroke; has neuroprotective activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
sanshool sanshool: isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum liebmannianum; RN given for (E,E,Z,E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	fatty amide
plastoquinol plastoquinol: reduced form of plastoquinone. plastoquinol : A prenyl- or polyprenyl-hydroquinone that results from the reduction of a plastoquinone to the corresponding hydroquinone.. plastoquinol-9 : A plastoquinol in which an all-E nonaprenyl group is attached to position 5 of 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone.	2	1	0	plastoquinol
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer	2.46	2	0
zeatin riboside zeatin riboside: RN given refers to parent cpd. 9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin : A 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase.	2.96	4	0	9-ribosylzeatin; nucleoside analogue	cytokinin; plant metabolite
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.06	1	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
trk 820 TRK 820: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	phenanthrenes
ixabepilone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine: lipophilic axon tracer; RN given for iodide salt	2.03	1	0
vanicoside a vanicoside A: isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum; structure in first source	2	1	0
brompheniramine, pseudoephedrine drug combination [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cdw17 antigen [no description available]	2.02	1	0
trisialoganglioside gt1 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.02	1	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.38	2	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
alpha-cyperone alpha-cyperone: isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
quercetin-3-o-galactoside-7-o-glucoside quercetin-3-O-galactoside-7-O-glucoside: isolated from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis	2.06	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
noladin ether noladin ether: a cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist; structure in first source. 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether : A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	2-alkylglycerol; endocannabinoid; monoalkylglycerol
paclobutrazol paclobutrazol: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer. paclobutrazol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It acts as a plant-growth retardant and fungicide via inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis.	2.96	4	0
beta-escin [no description available]	4.81	33	0
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	5.36	18	0	glycosylglucose
dihydrexidine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	phenanthridines
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	2.7	3	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.05	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.37	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
sb 334867-a 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea: selective OX1 receptor antagonist	3.19	5	0	naphthyridine derivative
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.46	2	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.71	3	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.91	4	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	3.48	8	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.01	1	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
furagin Furagin: Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.. furagin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino group (the configuration of the C=C and C=N bonds in the grouping that links the two heterocycles is not specified). A nitrofuran antibiotic with properties similar to nitrofurantoin, furagin is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.15	1	0
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	6.04	14	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	2.39	2	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.05	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ebiratide ebiratide: analog of ACTH 4-9; RN given in USAN; RR given in Toxlit 10/88	2.38	2	0
flibanserin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzimidazoles; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound	antidepressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
rmp 7 RMP 7: a synthetic bradykinin analog; selectively increases uptake of molecular tracers in RG2 glial tumors	1.98	1	0
ganaxolone ganaxolone: a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the GABA(A) receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer	2	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
jwh-133 1,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Delta(9)-THC: a CB2 receptor agonists; no further information available on 8/2001. JWH-133 : A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist.	2.57	2	0	benzochromene; dibenzopyran; organic heterotricyclic compound	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; CB2 receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; vasodilator agent
corosolic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	18.63	53	8	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.99	1	0	borneol
4-benzoylphenylalanine 4-benzoylphenylalanine: structure in first source; do not confuse with N-benzoylphenylalanine	2.08	1	0
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.41	2	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	1.94	1	0
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.96	4	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	5.55	5	1	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,5-diketogluconate 2,5-diketogluconate: RN given refers to calcium salt. 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate : Conjugate base of 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconic acid.	1.97	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
cholanic acid cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains	1.99	1	0	cholanic acids
sl 327 SL 327: a MEK inhibitor. SL-327 : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the cyano group has been replaced by an o-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group, while the remaining hydrogens of the ethenyl group have been replaced by amino and (4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl groups. The configuration of the double bond is not specified. It is an inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2.	2.75	3	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	13.94	43	6	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	1.95	1	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	2.04	1	0	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
pymetrozine pymetrozine: an anti-feedant against aphids, whiteflies, and leaf hoppers. pymetrozine : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4.	2.07	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; pyridines	antifeedant; environmental contaminant; TRPV channel modulator; xenobiotic
naloxonazine naloxonazine: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source	2.71	3	0
fosinopril [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	2.44	2	0
fpl 15896ar [no description available]	2.25	1	0
3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine: an excitatory amino acid antagonist	2.1	1	0
disilver oxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.1	1	0
neotame neotame: structure in first source. neotame : A dipeptide composed of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-aspartic acid and methyl L-phenylalanate units joined by a peptide linkage.	4.77	5	0	dipeptide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
spc-839 SPC-839: an inhibitor of activator protein 1; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
rosavin rosavin: isolated from Rhodiola rosea; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	O-acyl carbohydrate
lu 28-179 Lu 28-179: sigma(2) ligand and lysosomotropic agent; structure in first source	2	1	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	4.54	25	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	2.89	1	0
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
neoandrographolide neoandrographolide: structure in first source; isolated from Andrographis paniculata	2.21	1	0
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.38	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
sr 147778 surinabant: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.04	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
bms201038 BMS201038: an anticholesteremic agent and microsomal triglycide transfer protein inhibitor. lomitapide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 9-[4-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)butyl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-fluorene-9-carboxamide. Used (as its mesylate salt) as a complement to a low-fat diet and other lipid-lowering treatments in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; fluorenes; piperidines	anticholesteremic drug; MTP inhibitor
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.88	4	0	organic molecular entity
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	1.98	1	0	peptide
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	6.1	36	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sabiporide sabiporide: a NHE-1 inhibitor and a cardioprotective agent; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
biphenyl-indanone a biphenyl-indanone A: an mGluR2 agonist; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	biphenyls
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.02	1	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
nicotianamine nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine	chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite
ngb 2904 NGB 2904: a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	fluorenes
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
sucrose monolaurate sucrose monolaurate: RN given refers to monolaurate	6.67	68	0
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
l 838,417 L 838,417: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
psd 502 Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination: A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION.	8.14	7	4
6-kestose 6-kestotriose : A trisaccharide that consists of sucrose having an additional fructosyl residue attached to the fructose residue via a beta-(2->6)-linkage.	3.16	5	0	trisaccharide
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.13	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	2.47	2	0	fatty acid ester
ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o'-)tellurate ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate: has potential therapeutic application; inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and replication	2.25	1	0
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	2.15	1	0	diterpenoid
phaseolotoxin phaseolotoxin: exotoxin from Pseudomonas sp.; cleavage of C terminal alanine and homoarginine from phaseolotoxin leaves octicidine. phaseolotoxin : A tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N(5)-[amino(sulfoamino)phosphoryl]-L-ornithine with the N-terminal amino group of L-alanyl-L-arginine. A toxin produced by cultured Pseudomonas syringae, the causal agent of halo blight disease in bean plants.	2.06	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	8.7	9	0
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	organochlorine compound
cetilistat cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)	3.17	1	0	benzoxazine
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	2.02	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	3.41	7	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
n,n'-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide N,N'-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide: may selectively block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors involved in regulating dopamine release; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	4.65	6	1
vanicoside b vanicoside B: isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum; structure in first source	7.7	3	0
averantin averantin: aflatoxin B(1) precursor; structure in first source. averantin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone bearing a 1-hydroxyhexyl substituent at position 2.. (S)-averantin : An optically active form of averantin having S-configuration.	2.03	1	0	averantin
n,o-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine N,O-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine: was obtained in the form of slabs by bulk radical polymerization	2.02	1	0
ombuoside ombuoside: structure given in first source; isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum	2.41	1	0
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate	1.99	1	0
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	1.95	1	0	cysteine derivative
as 601245 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-((2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile: a c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase inhibitor with neuroprotective activity; also an NSAID	2.05	1	0	benzothiazoles
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
phenobarbital sodium 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid: an N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) antagonist	2.05	1	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	4.32	1	1
ly 379268 LY 379268: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; structure in first source. LY 379268 : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1R,5S)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 4R, 4R and 6R, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 (EC50 = 2.69 nM and 4.48 nM, respectively) that exhibits antipsychotic-like action in animal models of schizophrenia.	3.69	9	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; bridged compound; organic heterobicyclic compound	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
gpi 5693 2-(3-mercaptopropyl)pentanedioic acid: inhibits glutamate carboxypeptidase II; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
fluorapatite fluorapatite: RN refers to fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3]). apatite : A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.. fluorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F.	3.81	2	1
18-methoxycoronaridine 18-methoxycoronaridine: a naturally-occurring iboga alkaloid; structure given in first source	8.14	5	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	5.04	6	0
rosarin rosarin: isolated from Rhodiola rosea; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	O-acyl carbohydrate
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	1.98	1	0	peptide
helioscopinolide b helioscopinolide B: from Euphorbia pubescens; exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
erinacine a erinacine A: stimulates biosynthesis of nerve growth factor; isolated from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum	2.21	1	0	diterpenoid
bacilysin bacilysin: structure. bacilysin : A non-ribosomally synthesised dipeptide that consists of L-alanyl and anticapsin units linked by a peptide bond.	1.97	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.69	3	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
ly 341495 LY 341495: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
baci-im [no description available]	2.05	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.01	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	6.24	48	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	15.56	694	11	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	14.83	84	20
ethyl glucoside ethyl glucoside: RN given for (D)-isomer of unspecified ring form of glucose	2.05	1	0
n-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide: MK-0364 is the (1S,2S)-isomer; a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source	3.17	1	0	stilbenoid
lurasidone hydrochloride Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.41	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
3-cyano-n-(1,3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide: affects mGluR5 receptors; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	4.11	16	0	nystatins
tesofensine Tesofensine: an appetite suppressant	3.17	1	0
cp 154526 CP 154526: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
chlorocitric acid chlorocitric acid: (threo)-isomer is effective as anorectic; RN given refers to ((R,R)-(-))-isomer	6.97	1	0
apremilast [no description available]	3.97	2	1	aromatic ether; N-acetylarylamine; phthalimides; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.13	1	0	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.78	3	0
chlorophyll b [no description available]	3.46	7	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	3.47	8	0
14-deoxyandrographolide 14-deoxyandrographolide: from Andrographis paniculata; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene oleocanthal: newly pressed extra-virgin olive oil contains oleocanthal, acting as a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has a potency and profile strikingly similar to that of ibuprofen; structure in first source. oleocanthal : A carboxylic ester that is the 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of (3S)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoic acid. Oleocanthal is found in olive oil but it is not clear whether the natural product is a mixture of E/Z isomers or a single isomer as the two isomers readily interconvert in solution; most pharmacological studies will have been performed using a mixture.	2.96	1	0
lorcaserin lorcaserin: orally active, small-molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C agonist for the potential treatment of obesity and diabetes. lorcaserin : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.	3.17	1	0	benzazepine; organochlorine compound	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant
cyclo-tetra-glucose cycloalternan: structure in first source. cyclobis-(1->6)-alpha-nigerosyl : A cyclic tetrasaccharide constructed from four alpha-glucopyranosyl residues joined by alternate alpha-(1->6)- and alpha-(1->3)-linkages.	2.41	1	0	macrocycle; tetrasaccharide
n,n'-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride N,N'-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride: selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 agonist; structure in first source. AMN082 dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine with two molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.45	2	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	10.69	25	12
di-d-fructose 1,2'-2,1' dianhydride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	sugar dianhydride
guluronic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	3.56	1	1
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	4.41	22	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.98	4	0
delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.21	1	0	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	5.55	22	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	3.06	5	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	3.59	9	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	6.11	50	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	3.8	1	1
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
thiosuccinic acid thiosuccinic acid: inhibits fibrinolysin	2.44	2	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	5.71	14	0
cyclopenin cyclopenin: Penicillium metabolite; structure	1.99	1	0
rifamycins [no description available]	4.45	5	1
taurodehydrocholate taurodehydrocholate: RN given refers to parent cpd	6.96	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	3.17	5	0
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	8.43	103	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	4.75	11	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	5.47	59	0
bleomycetin bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
aflatoxin g1 aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index	2.25	1	0
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.42	2	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
sc 45647 SC 45647: a guanidine sweetener; no further information available	3.73	10	0
trehalulose trehalulose: alpha-(1-1) linked disaccharide. trehalulose : A glycosyl glycoside prepared from alpha-D-glucopyranosyl and beta-D-fructofuranose residues.	5.21	15	0
furosine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alpha-amino acid
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.93	4	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	2.37	2	0
jaw [no description available]	2.37	2	0	indolecarboxamide
methampicillin brassinazole: a triazole-type brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor; structure in first source. brassinazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by phenyl, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl and p-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. An inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles	brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	5.73	86	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-o-methylfluorescein phosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aryl phosphate
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.96	13	0
calcitonin [no description available]	2.46	2	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	1.98	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	3.43	7	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	8.2	44	7
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	4.33	2	2
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.69	3	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	3.82	4	0	polypeptide
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
cecropin b protein, insecta cecropin B protein, Insecta: from cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia; small basic protein; has potent antibacterial activity against E coli & other Gram-negative bacteria; also found in a variety of other insects; structure given in first source; also prevents development of malarial oocysts in mosquito vector	1.99	1	0
neuropeptide f neuropeptide F: amino acid sequence given in first source; MW 4433 Da; from tubellarian Artioposthia triangulata	2.25	1	0
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus	3.33	2	0
galanin (1-15) galanin (1-15): modulates 5-HT(1A) receptors in dorsal hippocampus	2.41	1	0
nociceptin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.01	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	4.35	2	2
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	5.41	8	2
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.66	10	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	12.09	54	14	peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges	2	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	3.51	8	0
ceca1 protein, drosophila [no description available]	1.99	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	6.02	35	0
conotoxin gv conotoxin GV: NMDA antagonist from Conus geographus	2.05	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	1.99	1	0
lactoferricin b lactoferricin B: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.11	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.01	1	0
ac 187 [no description available]	2.08	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36) [no description available]	2	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	7.02	24	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	9.17	16	0
liraglutide [no description available]	9	3	0	lipopeptide; polypeptide	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	15.33	60	26
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	10.06	13	5
pardaxin pardaxin: acidic protein from flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus; amino aicd sequence known	2.01	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	9.49	18	11
gastrin 17 gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	1.97	1	0	gastrin	antineoplastic agent
exendin (9-39) exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4	2.99	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	15.71	1,161	8	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	2.04	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.93	4	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	7.11	113	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	3.22	6	0
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	2.76	3	0	21-hydroxy steroid
divalinal-angiotensin iv divalinal-angiotensin IV: AT4 receptors antagonist	2	1	0
4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid 4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino acid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	7.98	156	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	1.95	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
bismuth subsalicylate bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.	6.99	1	0
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.01	1	0	organotin acaricide
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	1.95	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
tris(acetylacetonate) aluminum(iii) [no description available]	1.98	1	0
flupyradifurone flupyradifurone: has insecticidal activity; structure in first source. flupyradifurone : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which the nitrogens have been replaced by (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, and 5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl groups, respectively. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) agonist, it is used as an insecticide to control sucking pests in a variety of crops.	7.69	2	0	butenolide; enamine; monochloropyridine; organofluorine insecticide; tertiary amino compound	insecticide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.02	1	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.37	2	0	organic molecular entity
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	6.41	13	1
palmitoyl trifluoromethyl ketone palmitoyl trifluoromethyl ketone: phospholipase A2 inhibitor	2.02	1	0
alpha-amanitin Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.	2.05	1	0
k-strophanthin-beta strophanthin K: induces arrhythmias; see also K-strophanthin-beta	1.96	1	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid aldehyde
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	3.12	4	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	4.12	16	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose [no description available]	2.38	2	0
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	1.97	1	0
xylitol 5-phosphate xylitol 5-phosphate(2-) : Dianion of xylitol 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.	1.99	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	2.65	3	0
chitosan [no description available]	7	37	0
invert sugar invert sugar: mixture of approx 50% dextrose & 50% levulose obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane sugar	6.71	18	1
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	2	1	0
aminoarabinose [no description available]	2.02	1	0
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2.02	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	2.05	1	0	organosulfonic acid
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	5.36	19	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
cyanotriphenylborate cyanotriphenylborate: glycine receptor antagonist and chloride channel antagonist; structure given in first source; RN refers to sodium salt	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt; tetraorganoborate salt
osteum [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	8.09	5	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	2.06	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.71	3	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
urografin 76 urovision: urovision contains a mixture of sodium & meglumine salts of diatrizoic acid in the ratio of 50:18 in aqueous solution used in urography	2.37	2	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.44	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	2.11	1	0
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	4.08	3	0
lactisole lactisole: structure in first source	5.54	8	2
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
sodium permanganate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.13	1	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	3.7	10	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	11.83	72	4	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
ru 28318 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
merocyanine dye merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure	2.47	2	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.84	3	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.06	1	0
ici 105552 ICI 105552: RN given refers to Na salt	1.96	1	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	2.35	2	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	2.87	4	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.37	2	0
almorexant almorexant: a dual orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.98	4	0
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	4.4	20	0
rubusoside rubusoside: from RUBUS. rubusoside : A steviol glycoside that is steviol in which both the carboxy group and the tertiary allylic hydroxy group have been converted to their corresponding beta-D-glucosides. A precious bioactive natural sweetener which mainly exists the in Chinese sweet tea plant, Rubus suavissimus.	2.13	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; steviol glycoside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite; sweetening agent
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	3.36	7	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gdc 0449 HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity	2.41	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; SMO receptor antagonist; teratogenic agent
phosphatidylcholines 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively.	2.01	1	0	1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine; 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	3.23	6	0
canagliflozin canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.	7.15	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	2.7	3	0	glycoside
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.01	1	0
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	1.94	1	0
jzl 184 JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	benzodioxoles
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	5.7	11	2
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	BODIPY compound
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	4.35	4	1	fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2	1	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.39	2	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	8.28	6	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
apelin-13 peptide apelin-13 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source. apelin-13 : A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis.	2.41	1	0	oligopeptide	antihypertensive agent; autophagy inhibitor; biomarker; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
pstair peptide PSTAIR peptide: 16 amino acid residues given in first source; conserved sequence found in yeast cdc2 product and its homologs in higher eukaryotes	2	1	0
aniline blue aniline blue: fluorochrom widely used by botanists	2.1	1	0
silicotungstic acid silicotungstic acid: RN given refers to parent compound; structure	7.08	1	0
3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
mannans [no description available]	6.71	30	2
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	4.24	18	0
bixalomer bixalomer: a gastrointestinal agent	3.95	3	0
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	5.14	46	0
adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.	5.05	13	0	NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)	human metabolite
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)	1.96	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	8.13	45	1
magnesium protoporphyrin magnesium protoporphyrin(2-) : The conjugate base of magnesium protoporphyrin, formed by deprotonation of the carboxyethyl groups at C-13 and C-17. It is the principal species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	6.35	49	0
pht 427 4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cyanidin 3-galactoside cyanidin 3-galactoside: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
bryostatin 1 bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S-(1R,3R,5Z,7S,8E,11R,12R(2E,4E),13E,15R,17S(S),21S,23S,25R))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c. bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.	2.49	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.79	3	0
anagliptin anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound	2.08	1	0	amino acid amide
kahalalide f kahalalide F: a cyclodepsipeptide toxin; isolated from a mollusk, Elysia rubefescens; exhibits antitumoral activity against cell lines of colon cancer and prostatic cancer; structure given in first source	2	1	0
ahn 1055 N-methyl-3-(bis(4'-fluorophenyl)methoxy)tropane: AHN-1055 is the (3alpha)-isomer; a dopamine uptake inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.65	3	0
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	4.42	7	0
yqa14 YQA14: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
3-fluoro-5-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile 3-fluoro-5-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethynyl)benzonitrile: an mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	2.46	2	0
3-methoxy-n-p-tolylquinoxalin-2-carboxamide 3-methoxy-N-p-tolylquinoxalin-2-carboxamide: a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that possesses both antidepressant and anxiolytic activities	2.11	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	9.66	28	0
jujuboside a [no description available]	2.01	1	0	triterpenoid
isoquercitrin [no description available]	7.57	2	0
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.	2.52	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	2.91	4	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	2.02	1	0	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	9.53	25	0
leukotoxin leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate	4.71	2	1
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.2	6	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.9	4	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	11.63	136	3	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.42	2	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	5.99	27	1
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.65	10	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	3.35	7	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	3.13	5	0
methacycline Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.	1.95	1	0
isoascorbic acid isoascorbic acid: food antioxidant; (L)-isomer is ascorbic acid; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	1.93	1	0	ascorbic acid
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	4.54	25	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.88	4	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	3.45	7	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.72	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	6.52	25	2	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid [no description available]	2.61	2	0	fatty acid ester
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	1.95	1	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.39	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.15	1	0
antimycin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1	0
paquinimod [no description available]	2.17	1	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.49	2	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ascorbic acid 2-o-glucoside ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside: has same vitamin C activity as L-ascorbic acid	2.48	2	0	glycoside
nickel nitrilotriacetic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	4.31	19	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	2.55	2	0	peptide
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.91	4	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	3.5	8	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	3.76	9	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.41	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.64	9	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.15	1	0
clomipramine sodium green: a new fluorescent sodium indicator; no further information available 3/96. sodium green : A quaternary ammonium salt that is the tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylmethammonium) salt of 5-({[4-(13-{4-[({3-carboxy-4-[(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)methyl]phenyl}carbonyl)amino]-2,5-bis(methyloxy)phenyl}-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan-7-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-(methyloxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt	fluorochrome
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	9.03	14	0	ketal
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	7.37	2	0
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.04	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
pyrethrins [no description available]	3.46	7	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	7.9	100	0
mjn110 MJN110: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
cobra cardiotoxin proteins Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.	1.95	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.05	1	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.9	4	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.25	1	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	2.7	3	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	15.55	149	4
teferrol [no description available]	3.47	1	1
gamma2-msh gamma2-MSH: The 11-residue peptide that is without amidation.	2.13	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	4.65	29	0
ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.	2.06	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	4.4	22	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.54	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	1.97	1	0
norbergenin norbergenin: bergenin derivative isolated from the root of Ardisia crenata	1.97	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.4	2	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
ferric oxide, saccharated Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.	16.76	122	37
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	4.43	23	0
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.	2.03	1	0
fumonisin b3 fumonisin B3: structure given in first source; produced by Fusarium moniliforme	1.98	1	0
deltakephalin deltakephalin: synthetic, potent specific agonist for opiate delta receptors	2	1	0
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	2.89	3	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.11	1	0
neochrome neochrome: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
carboxyatractyloside carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.67	3	0
gibberellins [no description available]	7.36	58	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	2.41	2	0
ht-2 toxin HT-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.	2.08	1	0
nifedipine hemanthamine: crinine-like alkaloid from AMARYLLIDACEAE; RN given for (3beta,5alpha,11R,13beta,19alpha)-isomer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.66	2	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	6.18	26	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.45	2	0
humulin s Insulin, Regular, Human: Regular insulin preparations that contain the HUMAN insulin peptide sequence.. insulin (human) : An insulin that is produced in the pancreas and involved in regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fats. Commonly thought of as a protein, it consists of two peptide chains, one containing 21 amino acid residues and the other containing 30; the chains are joined together by 2 disulfide bonds. Recombinant insulin is identical to human insulin, but is synthesised by inserting the human insulin gene into E. coli, which then produces insulin for human use. It is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes.	2.6	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	3.36	1	1
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	5.81	6	4
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.46	2	0
amberlite irc50 [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.39	22	2
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	2.47	2	0
triciribine triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.	2.06	1	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	3.52	8	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	9.89	15	10
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	9.47	5	1
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	4.57	26	0
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.11	1	0
neohesperidin [no description available]	2.31	1	0
reactive blue 15 reactive blue 15: no further info available 3/2002	2.05	1	0
benzyloxycarbonyl-methionyl-2(s)-cyanopyrrolidine benzyloxycarbonyl-methionyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine: prolylendopeptidase inhibitor	2.08	1	0
diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate: structure in first source	7.21	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	4.46	21	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	1.97	1	0
eusol Eusol: consists of a chlorinated lime and boric acid solution containing 0.25% weight/volume of available chlorine (pH 7.5-8.5)	1.97	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.02	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.07	5	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	11.39	166	0
kutkin kutkin: alcoholic extract of the root and rrhizome of Picrorhiza kurrooa; has heptatoprotective activity; contains picroside I, kutkoside, and a small amount of other minor glycosides of P. kurrooa	2.11	1	0
scleroglucan [no description available]	2.41	2	0	oligosaccharide
rhamnogalacturonan i rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.	2.02	1	0
lanthiopeptin lanthiopeptin: Isolated from Streptoverticillium griseoverticillatum; contains 15 amino acids; structure given in first source. cinnamycin : A type B lantibiotic consisting of a 19 amino acid tetracyclic polypeptide produced by Streptomyces cinnamoneus.	1.97	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; L-cysteine thioether; macrocycle; type B lantibiotic
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.96	4	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.44	7	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	3.11	5	0
dodecyl polyoxyethylene sulfuric acid, sodium salt sodium laureth sulfate: do not confuse with sodium lauryl sulfate, which is also known by this name	2.11	1	0
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.45	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.93	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	5.93	2	1	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	4.63	27	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.67	3	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.23	6	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	4.06	3	1	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.31	20	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	11.17	33	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	3.36	7	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	5.58	5	1	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.12	10	1	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	4.77	10	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	2	1	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	8.06	30	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	9.12	16	0
viomycin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic	antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	3.42	7	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	4.31	17	0
5'-guanylylmethylenebisphosphonate guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is guanosine substituted at position 5' by a (beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate group.	1.96	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	6	37	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	4.7	6	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.05	1	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.05	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.71	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	4.84	7	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.05	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	6.9	26	3	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	2.63	3	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.05	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	1.96	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
alanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-((3-(1,6-dihyro-6-oxo-9h-purin-9-yl)-1-oxopropyl)amino)benzoic acid 4-((3-(1,6-dihyro-6-oxo-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-oxopropyl)amino)benzoic acid: a neuroprotective agent that has been shown to improve memory; induces NGF-dependent nociceptive nerve sprouting	2.08	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
hypoxanthine arabinoside hypoxanthine arabinoside: metabolite of adenine arabinoside used in therapy of ocular herpes	3.06	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.4	2	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.41	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
lobucavir lobucavir: inhibits the replication of HIV virus in T cells, monocytes & macrophages in vitro by inhibiting DNA polymerase and viral DNA synthesis	2.03	1	0
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.48	2	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	2.04	1	0
rifabutin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.38	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	3.99	14	0
2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3h)-quinazolinone 2-(5'-chloro-2'-phosphoryloxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4-(3H)-quinazolinone: structure given in first source	2	1	0	aryl phosphate; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines	fluorochrome
heliomycin heliomycin: Russian drug; antibiotic with antiviral properties isolated from Actinomyces flavochromogenes var. heliomycini; structure	6.97	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	3.48	8	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
af 013 AF 013: O-n-octyloxime of 3-formylrifamycin SV; inhibitor of nucleic acid polymerases	1.94	1	0
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	immunomodulator; signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.4	2	0	guanosines	biomarker
arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.	3.06	5	0
clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	dibenzodiazepine
coelenterazine coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	1.98	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	1.94	1	0
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.87	11	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source	2	1	0
2',4'-dimethylbenzamil 2',4'-dimethylbenzamil: affects calcium uptake in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells	1.97	1	0
5-(n-4-chlorobenzyl)-n-(2',4'-dimethyl)benzamil [no description available]	1.97	1	0
fenobam fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate	7.78	3	0	ureas
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	2.91	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.06	1	0
3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiotriphosphate) [no description available]	2.1	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	9.69	9	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	1.99	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	3.05	5	0
eye [no description available]	10.21	16	0
fructooligosaccharide [no description available]	8.16	68	0	oligosaccharide
swinholide a swinholide A: from Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoei; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	11.37	67	9
ferric carboxymaltose ferric carboxymaltose: effective for treatment of postpartum anemia	5.07	3	1
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.48	2	0
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	1.97	1	0
pd 135158 PD 135158: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
ego [no description available]	2.13	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	11.04	38	0
nisin z nisin Z: amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from nisin in a single amino acid	1.98	1	0
chlorotoxin [no description available]	2	1	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	8.06	5	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	3.42	7	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.93	4	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	5.04	43	0
forssman glycolipid Forssman glycolipid: structure	2.02	1	0
preproenkephalin preproenkephalin: initial enkephalin precursor	2.94	4	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	12.15	57	5
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.47	2	0
porphyran porphyran: agarose highly substituted by 6-O-sulfation of L-galactose units & 6-O-methylation of D-galactose units; from Porphyra umbicicalis & Bangia fuscopurpurea	7.41	1	0
xanthobilirubic acid xanthobilirubic acid: has chromophore very similar to that of bilirubin; structure	1.96	1	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	3.6	9	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	3.39	7	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	5.05	16	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	5.05	16	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	17.6	164	35
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	17.6	164	35
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	0	12.92	74	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	0	7.92	74	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	13.9	130	7
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	0	7.91	10	2
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	6.18	11	1
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	6.18	11	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	14.98	642	1
Ache [description not available]	0	23.62	351	147
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	1	25.62	351	147
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	11.24	36	4
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	11.24	36	4
Hyperphosphatemia A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.	0	12.48	36	12
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	8.08	53	1
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	8.08	53	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	9.98	52	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	12.53	34	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	9.98	52	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.41	7	0
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	0	2.31	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	13.7	140	6
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	13.7	140	6
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	22.89	551	112
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	16.37	395	19
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	21.42	1,042	38
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	0	8.94	70	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	9.6	353	0
Diathesis [description not available]	0	7.53	21	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	15.82	186	4
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	5.56	25	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	10.56	25	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	15.82	186	4
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	0	6.04	22	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	5.45	15	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	5.45	15	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	5.01	9	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	4.49	9	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	5.01	9	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	4.49	9	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	4.64	6	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.88	4	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	4.64	6	1
Binge Eating [description not available]	0	17.33	51	2
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	0	12.33	51	2
Binge-Eating Disorder A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	4.33	16	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	21.32	978	43
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	0	12.28	87	30
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	0	21.32	978	43
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	0	2.91	3	0
Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).	0	2.41	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	20.1	718	76
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	3.82	8	0
Amentia [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	12.37	92	10
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	0	2.7	3	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	12.37	92	10
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	3.82	8	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	10.16	154	2
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	13.06	129	4
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	7.22	11	2
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	5.34	13	1
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	7.22	11	2
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	0	7.41	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	10.82	7	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	5.82	7	1
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	12.45	240	3
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	11.8	126	9
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	0	2.41	1	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	0	6.12	39	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	2.39	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	0	8.23	6	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	0	6.12	39	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	8.34	168	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	8.34	168	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	3.18	5	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	8.93	20	4
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	3.86	11	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	3.86	11	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	3.18	5	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	7.08	31	1
Hypomania [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	10.36	31	4
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	10.36	31	4
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	8.25	6	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	3.25	6	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	0	8.73	8	5
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	0	8.73	8	5
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	5.07	17	0
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	0	4.04	2	1
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	0	7.61	13	5
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	0	7.61	13	5
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	0	8	10	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	0	8	10	0
Pain, Procedural Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.	0	12.93	23	16
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	0	7.41	67	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	2.41	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	7.15	56	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	9.3	24	1
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	9.3	24	1
Impotence [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	2.41	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	10.7	90	7
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	0	11.94	15	2
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	0	5.98	40	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	0	5.98	40	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	12.13	25	12
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	17.29	192	29
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	17.29	192	29
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	10.17	37	4
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	0	7.41	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	5.11	10	0
ALDOB Deficiency [description not available]	0	4.51	9	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	9.96	80	2
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	9.96	80	2
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	4.21	13	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	4.21	13	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	11.75	24	5
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	11.75	24	5
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	0	4.2	14	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	0	4.2	14	0
Refractory Depression [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)	0	2.9	2	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	0	2.72	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	2.7	3	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	11.92	42	11
African Swine Fever A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	0	2.41	1	0
Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available]	0	3.53	7	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.4	2	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.4	2	0
Rhabdoid Tumor A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)	0	4.62	4	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	14.7	147	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	13.52	100	7
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	13.52	100	7
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	14.7	147	1
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.41	1	0
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	3.36	7	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	8.36	7	0
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	0	2.59	2	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	3.42	7	0
Aura [description not available]	0	4.91	8	1
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	5.02	16	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	4.91	8	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	5.02	16	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	0	2.41	2	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	11.21	30	7
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	0	11.09	11	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	11.21	30	7
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	10.98	118	2
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	7.1	32	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	12.1	32	1
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	0	2.7	3	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	6.55	17	1
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	11.55	17	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	4.34	20	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	4.34	20	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	5.21	17	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	5.21	17	0
Dysgeusia A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.	0	3.66	9	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	7.41	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	2.4	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.41	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	4.74	12	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	4.74	12	0
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	0	3.6	2	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	8.5	134	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	2.41	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	6.89	16	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	6.89	16	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	0	2.9	2	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	13.71	115	3
Ageusia Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.	0	2.58	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	5.35	11	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	5.35	11	1
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	0	6.34	56	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	0	6.34	56	0
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	0	2.41	1	0
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.	0	2.6	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	6.15	17	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	4.36	14	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	6.15	17	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	4.36	14	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	8.76	11	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	0	2.6	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.93	3	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.93	3	0
Ankyloglossia A severe congenital restriction of TONGUE movement, resulting from fusion or adherence of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. In partial ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) the LINGUAL FRENUM is abnormally short, or is attached too close to the tip of the tongue. OMIM: 106280	0	4.72	1	1
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	0	2.66	2	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	0	12.38	46	1
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	0	12.38	46	1
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	9.76	12	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	0	5.44	5	1
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	0	5.44	5	1
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	0	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.76	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	4.58	24	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.76	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	4.58	24	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	0	2.41	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	3.54	7	0
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	3.54	7	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	9.19	21	2
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	8.07	5	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	0	2.72	2	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	9.11	28	1
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	9.11	28	1
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	2.58	2	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	10.75	44	8
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	15.75	44	8
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	6.85	18	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	13.98	202	4
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	6.85	18	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	4.31	16	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	4.31	16	0
Hives [description not available]	0	3.37	5	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	3.37	5	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	4.99	41	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	3.64	9	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	4.99	41	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	3.64	9	0
Tetraploid [description not available]	0	3.72	8	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.04	2	1
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	4.04	2	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	5.66	7	3
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	0	11.62	16	13
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1	13.62	16	13
Compulsive Eating [description not available]	0	3.64	2	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	13.95	60	17
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	0	9.77	29	3
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	13.95	60	17
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	0	3.92	4	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	0	3.92	4	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	0	2.9	4	0
Decapitation Traumatic or experimentally induced separation of the head from the body in an animal or human.	0	2.6	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus with Optic Atrophy and Deafness [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Wolfram Syndrome A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.	0	2.6	1	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	6.19	12	1
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	6.19	12	1
Polyploid [description not available]	0	12.68	63	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	3.59	9	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	3.05	4	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	0	3.26	6	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	5.77	8	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	5.1	17	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	5.1	17	0
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	0	5.94	9	1
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	0	5.23	3	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	6.97	18	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	11.97	18	1
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available]	0	8.82	10	3
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.	0	8.82	10	3
Gambling, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.82	2	0
Gambling An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.	0	2.82	2	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	0	2.49	2	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	4.18	17	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	3.67	10	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	3.67	10	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	0	2.6	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	3.46	2	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	15.56	125	22
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	0	2.77	3	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	7.66	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	2.66	2	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	0	5.13	9	1
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	8.34	9	5
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	8.34	9	5
Necrotizing Enterocolitis [description not available]	0	3.64	1	1
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	0	4	2	1
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	0	4.04	2	1
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.	0	3.64	1	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	11.96	114	4
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	11.96	114	4
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	4.51	9	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	4.51	9	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.21	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	4.34	20	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	4.34	20	0
Convulsions, Febrile [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)	0	2.21	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	7.39	10	1
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	6.83	64	0
ADDH [description not available]	0	9.22	23	3
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	1	11.22	23	3
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	11.42	39	9
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	0	11.69	43	11
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	11.42	39	9
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	0	5.3	12	1
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	0	5.3	12	1
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.25	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	2.25	1	0
Cold Panniculitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Triploid [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Glycogenosis [description not available]	0	3.97	5	0
Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.	0	3.97	5	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	8.26	41	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	8.26	41	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	12.83	86	7
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	12.83	86	7
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	5.28	9	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	5.28	9	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	0	2.59	2	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	3.59	9	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	3.59	9	0
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	0	3.17	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	0	3.53	2	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	4.13	15	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.68	3	0
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	4.39	8	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	4.39	8	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	4.4	22	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	4.4	22	0
Surgical Incision [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	2.25	1	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	2.78	3	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	0	12.26	34	15
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	0	12.26	34	15
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	3.74	3	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	7.88	14	2
Dissociation [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	0	2.67	3	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	3.92	13	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	3.92	13	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	4.48	24	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	4.48	24	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	6.21	21	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	6.21	21	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	0	4.94	13	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	0	4.94	13	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	6.7	8	3
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	6.7	8	3
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	11.25	81	4
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	11.25	81	4
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	5.23	4	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	5.23	4	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	8.49	22	3
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	5.02	5	2
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	5.39	4	3
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	10.02	5	2
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	5.39	4	3
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	2.52	2	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	3.45	7	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	0	3.23	1	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	7.09	6	2
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	7.09	6	2
Bed Sores [description not available]	0	5.99	10	1
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	0	5.99	10	1
Bleeding [description not available]	0	11.31	22	9
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	11.31	22	9
Malnourishment [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	0	2.82	3	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	5.45	25	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	5.45	25	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	4.84	35	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	4.94	39	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	4.84	35	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	4.94	39	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	2.41	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	3.98	5	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	3.98	5	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	2.31	1	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.25	6	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	4.69	11	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	4.69	11	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	9.1	23	2
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	9.1	23	2
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	9.74	41	5
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	14.74	41	5
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	3.8	4	0
Flatus [description not available]	0	8.63	10	7
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	7.56	9	4
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	0	8.63	10	7
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	12.56	9	4
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	13.13	21	18
Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Neonatal Sepsis Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life and most often appears within 24 hours of birth. Late-onset occurs after 1 week and before 3 months of age.	0	2.15	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	0	6.58	4	1
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	0	6.58	4	1
Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.	0	2.78	3	0
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	0	2.15	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	8.17	13	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	5.48	25	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	5.48	25	0
Trypanosomiasis, Bovine Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.	0	2.15	1	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	0	3.54	8	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	0	3.54	8	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	3.58	8	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	3.58	8	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	2.38	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	5.72	20	1
Bacteremia, Hemorrhagic [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.	0	3.56	1	1
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	0	2.52	2	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	6.8	9	1
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	6.8	9	1
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	7.09	20	1
Neurilemoma [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	0	5.07	10	1
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	5.94	5	2
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	5.94	5	2
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	0	2.15	1	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	0	9.14	3	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	4.51	5	1
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	0	4.14	3	1
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	5.05	5	2
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	5.05	5	2
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	8.1	31	2
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	3.71	8	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	8.1	31	2
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	6.73	59	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	7.06	24	4
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	7.06	24	4
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	0	2.72	3	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	0	2.72	3	0
Infection [description not available]	0	4.38	8	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	4.38	8	0
CKD-MBD [description not available]	0	3.59	1	1
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.	0	3.59	1	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	7.51	31	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	7.51	31	1
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	5.87	17	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	3.44	7	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	3.44	7	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	0	2.52	2	0
Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.	0	7.5	2	0
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	0	4.64	6	1
Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	4.68	10	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	0	4.68	10	0
Hypernutrition [description not available]	0	3.04	4	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.17	1	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	3.82	2	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	6.6	7	1
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	0	5.22	4	1
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	5.22	4	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	4.45	5	1
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	4.11	3	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	13.09	42	10
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	3.56	1	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	0	3.85	2	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	6.6	7	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	3.87	2	1
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	5.22	4	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	4.45	5	1
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	4.6	6	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	4.11	3	1
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	4.86	2	1
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	4.86	2	1
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	2.21	1	0
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	0	5.75	5	4
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	0	5.75	5	4
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	11.31	50	2
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	16.31	50	2
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	0	6.07	16	2
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	2.21	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	3.18	5	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	3.18	5	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	3.48	7	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	2.68	3	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	7.18	19	2
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	5.35	7	2
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	5.35	7	2
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	2.44	2	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	2.93	4	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	2.21	1	0
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	8.34	16	2
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.	0	2.93	4	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	13.34	16	2
Alcohol Problem [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.	0	2.51	2	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	5.22	6	2
Myopia, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Myopia, Degenerative Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION) that can lead to BLINDNESS.	0	2.21	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	3.87	2	1
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	3.87	2	1
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	0	2.49	2	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	2.21	1	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	0	2.83	3	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	7.65	40	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	7.65	40	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	0	2.41	2	0
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	0	9.23	15	3
Absence Status [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	0	3	1	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	0	12.13	39	13
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	0	12.13	39	13
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	2.66	3	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	5.91	9	3
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	2.8	3	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	0	2.8	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	7.96	147	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	2.44	2	0
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	3.47	1	1
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	0	3.47	1	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	4.5	9	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	4.5	9	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	3.92	13	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	3.92	13	0
Biological Clock Disturbances [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	0	2.49	2	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	0	2.08	1	0
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating (BULIMIA or bingeing) followed by inappropriate acts (purging) to avert weight gain. Purging methods often include self-induced VOMITING, use of LAXATIVES or DIURETICS, excessive exercise, and FASTING.	0	2.76	3	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	0	3.39	2	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	7.07	23	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	12.07	23	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)	0	2.48	2	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	3.52	8	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	3.52	8	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	11.89	23	9
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	11.63	15	10
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	11.89	23	9
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	11.63	15	10
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	8.48	8	0
Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.	0	2.46	2	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	2.1	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	8.71	10	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	4.71	11	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	3.71	10	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	6.76	4	2
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	6.76	4	2
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	3.66	3	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	6.88	10	3
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	6.88	10	3
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	2.46	2	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	0	11.24	4	3
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	4.48	20	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	4.48	20	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	0	7.54	21	7
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	2.4	2	0
Coxa Plana [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Glue Abuse [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	5.36	14	1
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.47	2	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	5.36	14	1
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.22	6	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.1	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	2.1	1	0
Breast Cancer, Male [description not available]	0	3.01	1	0
Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.	0	3.01	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	4.46	5	1
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	4.46	5	1
Seasonal Affective Disorders [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Seasonal Affective Disorder A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.	0	2.51	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	7.96	19	1
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	0	2.1	1	0
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	0	4.36	21	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	7.32	16	3
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	5.81	8	1
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	0	2.1	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	5.81	8	1
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.41	2	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	0	2.47	2	0
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.	0	2.51	2	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	0	4.82	7	1
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	3.67	10	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	3.67	10	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	0	2.1	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	0	2.94	4	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	0	2.94	4	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	2.87	4	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	0	2.49	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	4.76	12	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	3.1	5	0
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Disorder characterized by symptoms of CATATONIA; HYPOVENTILATION; DYSKINESIAS; ENCEPHALITIS; and SEIZURES followed by a reduced CONSCIOUSNESS. It is often followed by a viral-like prodrome. Many cases are self-limiting and respond well to IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPIES against the NMDA RECEPTORS antibodies.	0	3.03	1	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	0	6.86	8	2
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	4.78	2	1
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	0	2.11	1	0
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	0	2.11	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	5.02	3	1
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	5.02	3	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.61	10	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	0	2.4	2	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	0	3.65	3	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	0	2.38	2	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	5.7	20	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	3.77	11	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	8.77	11	0
Ewing Sarcoma [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Sarcoma, Ewing A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.	0	3.03	1	0
Albinism, Tyrosinase-Negative [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Albinism, Oculocutaneous Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.	0	2.11	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	4.88	4	2
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.91	2	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.91	2	1
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	3.14	5	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	3.14	5	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	3.29	6	0
Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available]	0	2.5	2	0
Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.	0	2.5	2	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	2.11	1	0
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Dental Diseases [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	0	7.65	3	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	2.11	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	0	2.11	1	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	0	15.2	58	4
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	0	10.2	58	4
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	4.89	14	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	4.89	14	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.13	1	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	0	2.11	1	0
ARC [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	0	2.13	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	5.17	6	2
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	10.17	6	2
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	2.49	2	0
Fractures, Compound [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	6.42	6	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	6.42	6	1
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.91	2	1
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	0	3.91	2	1
Schistosoma japonicum Infection [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	3.5	8	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	3.45	8	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	3.45	8	0
Rift Valley Fever An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.	0	7.7	3	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	0	6.44	22	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	6.02	26	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	5.53	4	4
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	2.13	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	0	2.42	2	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	11.78	96	2
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Clubfeet [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Snoring Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.	0	3.51	1	1
Acne [description not available]	0	9.74	7	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	4.74	7	1
Aneuploid [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Abstinence Syndrome, Neonatal [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Fetal and neonatal addiction and withdrawal as a result of the mother's dependence on drugs during pregnancy. Withdrawal or abstinence symptoms develop shortly after birth. Symptoms exhibited are loud, high-pitched crying, sweating, yawning and gastrointestinal disturbances.	0	3.34	2	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	3.09	5	0
Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.	0	2.15	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	0	3.34	6	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	0	2.15	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	8.05	5	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	0	2.41	2	0
Autism [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	0	7.51	39	4
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	2.44	2	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	2.04	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	2.04	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	5.3	13	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	5.3	13	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	3.6	3	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	0	2.04	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	2.04	1	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	0	6.44	8	6
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	4.76	7	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	4.76	7	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.23	6	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	4.07	15	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	9.07	15	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	0	2.42	2	0
Acariasis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	2.71	3	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	0	4.68	2	1
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	0	4.68	2	1
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	0	4.75	2	1
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Transfusion Reaction Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.	0	2.96	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	0	5.49	16	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	0	4.45	8	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	0	4.45	8	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	0	2.05	1	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	4.64	3	2
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	4.64	3	2
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	7.07	28	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	7.07	28	0
Asphyxia Neonatorum Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.97	1	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	2.7	3	0
Environmental Hypersensitivities [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice.	0	2.05	1	0
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	0	4.41	2	2
Fetal Malnutrition [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	0	2.05	1	0
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)	0	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	3.11	5	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	2.46	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.	0	5.05	3	1
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Psychoses [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	4.04	3	1
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	2.41	2	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	0	6.34	5	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	0	6.34	5	1
Insect Bites [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	0	3.83	2	1
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	0	2.05	1	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.05	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	0	3.46	8	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	5.55	6	1
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	0	3.46	8	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Emesis, Postoperative [description not available]	0	3.89	1	0
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.	0	3.89	1	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	0	2.68	3	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	7.06	19	1
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	7.06	19	1
Alactasia [description not available]	0	12.79	78	3
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.	0	12.79	78	3
Bacterial Endocarditides, Subacute [description not available]	0	2.33	2	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	0	4.59	6	1
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	0	4.59	6	1
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	6.41	16	1
Postpartum Hemorrhage Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).	0	2.06	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	6.41	16	1
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	0	2.44	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	3.59	9	0
alpha-LCAT Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.	0	2.06	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	0	2.69	3	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	4.26	7	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	4.26	7	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.87	4	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	2.45	2	0
Eye Pain A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.	0	2.98	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	2.89	4	0
Lassitude [description not available]	0	5.68	7	3
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	10.68	7	3
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.66	3	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	2.07	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	5.87	9	1
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	5.87	9	1
Dental Deposit [description not available]	0	6.22	13	1
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	5.16	19	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	0	5.55	3	2
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	0	5.55	3	2
Gas Gangrene A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.	0	2.07	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	0	2.07	1	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	4.77	2	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	1	6.77	2	1
Hypermyotonia [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	0	5.34	14	0
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	2.07	1	0
Encephalopathy, Subacute Spongiform, Gerstmann-Straussler Type [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	3.83	2	1
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	0	4.37	1	1
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	0	2.73	3	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	2.45	2	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	2.07	1	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	2.07	1	0
Argininosuccinate Synthase Deficiency Disease [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	0	3.23	6	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	0	3.23	6	0
Citrullinemia A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)	0	2.07	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	2.9	4	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	0	2.81	3	0
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	0	2.08	1	0
Absence Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Epilepsy, Absence A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)	0	4.09	3	1
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	2.66	3	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	2.08	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.88	4	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	2.88	4	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	0	9.05	3	1
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	8.76	2	1
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	3.59	3	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	3.59	3	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	4.59	10	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	4.59	10	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.89	4	0
Injuries, Needlestick [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	3.58	9	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	0	2.67	3	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	3.58	9	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	0	2.01	1	0
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	14.75	59	1
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	4	5	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.01	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	0	2.01	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	3.25	6	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	3.34	7	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	4.25	4	1
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	4.25	4	1
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)	0	2.42	2	0
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.	0	2.9	4	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	2.39	2	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	3.07	5	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	2.92	4	0
Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	0	5.37	10	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	0	5.37	10	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	7.76	12	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	7.76	12	0
Briquet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Somatoform Disorders Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)	0	2.4	2	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	0	4.08	3	1
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	3.08	5	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	3	4	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	4.1	16	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	0	2.62	3	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	0	2.62	3	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	0	3.04	5	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	0	3.04	5	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	3.55	9	0
Auditory Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.33	2	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	3.55	9	0
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.	0	2.33	2	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	4.99	16	0
Esophageal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.85	4	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	0	4.47	9	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available]	0	3.03	5	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	1.93	1	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	0	4.47	9	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	3.82	12	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	4.97	9	1
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	6.3	24	0
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	3.34	7	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	0	1.93	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	0	2.34	2	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	7.91	22	1
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	7.91	22	1
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	0	7.32	26	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	4.3	20	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	4.3	20	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	2.63	3	0
Sprains [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.	0	1.93	1	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	5.68	20	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	8.74	11	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	0	2.86	4	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	2.71	3	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	0	1.93	1	0
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.	0	2.87	4	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	0	2.37	2	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	0	2.35	2	0
Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.	0	2.35	2	0
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	7.89	15	6
Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	0	2.34	2	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	4.75	12	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	4.75	12	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	0	8.74	11	0
Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	2.37	2	0
Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.	0	1.94	1	0
Food Poisoning, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Biotinidase Deficiency The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.	0	1.94	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Dysautonomia, Familial An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)	0	2.34	2	0
Rida [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	0	3.19	6	0
Essential Polyarteritis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Fructose Metabolism, Inborn Errors Inherited abnormalities of fructose metabolism, which include three known autosomal recessive types: hepatic fructokinase deficiency (essential fructosuria), hereditary fructose intolerance, and hereditary fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency. Essential fructosuria is a benign asymptomatic metabolic disorder caused by deficiency in fructokinase, leading to decreased conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate and alimentary hyperfructosemia, but with no clinical dysfunction; may produce a false-positive diabetes test.	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	0	2.85	1	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	0	2.85	1	0
Dumping Syndrome Gastrointestinal symptoms resulting from an absent or nonfunctioning pylorus.	0	1.94	1	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	0	2.63	3	0
Porphyria [description not available]	0	3.95	5	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	0	3.95	5	0
Malignant Hypertension [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Hypertension, Malignant A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.	0	1.94	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	3.33	7	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	3.34	7	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	3.35	7	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	7.87	4	0
Spherocytosis, Hereditary A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.	0	2.64	3	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	1.94	1	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	5.03	10	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	3.96	5	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	3.96	5	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	3.2	6	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	0	4.66	11	0
Glycosuria, Renal An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.	0	1.94	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	0	4.66	11	0
Emaciation Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).	0	1.94	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	11.58	7	1
Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.	0	1.94	1	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	2.34	2	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Deficiency, Factor 7 [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Factor II [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	2.37	2	0
Factor VII Deficiency An autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY. FACTOR VII is a Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.	0	1.94	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	0	2.34	2	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	0	3.33	7	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	0	2.63	3	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.33	7	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	2.68	3	0
Nephrosclerosis Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.	0	2.63	3	0
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Apolipoprotein C-II Deficiency [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	0	2.35	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I An inherited condition due to a deficiency of either LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE or APOLIPOPROTEIN C-II (a lipase-activating protein). The lack of lipase activities results in inability to remove CHYLOMICRONS and TRIGLYCERIDES from the blood which has a creamy top layer after standing.	0	1.94	1	0
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)	0	7.34	2	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	3.19	6	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	3.19	6	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	0	2.34	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	4.38	8	0
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.	0	2.02	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	4.13	6	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	0	8.4	1	1
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	3.4	1	1
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	3.22	6	0
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	0	2.01	1	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.	0	2.63	3	0
Water Intoxication A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.	0	3.57	3	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.35	7	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	5.81	8	1
Chlamydia pneumoniae Infections [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	5.81	8	1
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	6.06	11	1
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	0	2.7	3	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1	6	5	0
Hydramnios [description not available]	0	2.93	1	0
Oligohydramnios A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.	0	2.93	1	0
A-alphalipoprotein Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	0	2.02	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	2.38	2	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.02	1	0
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	3.99	5	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	3.99	5	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	0	7.91	4	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	4.59	6	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	4.59	6	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	2.02	1	0
Bites [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	2.4	2	0
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; POLYDACTYLY; OBESITY; MENTAL RETARDATION; hypogenitalism; renal dysplasia; and short stature. This syndrome has been distinguished as a separate entity from LAURENCE-MOON SYNDROME. (From J Med Genet 1997 Feb;34(2):92-8)	0	2.02	1	0
Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.	0	2.02	1	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	2.37	2	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	1	4.91	4	0
Carcinoma, Embryonal A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)	0	2.02	1	0
Encephalitis, Viral Inflammation of brain parenchymal tissue as a result of viral infection. Encephalitis may occur as primary or secondary manifestation of TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; and ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.	0	2.02	1	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	0	2.02	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	0	4.77	5	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.02	1	0
Abdominal Hernia [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA.	0	2.02	1	0
Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.	0	2.02	1	0
Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.	0	4.32	1	1
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)	0	2.03	1	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	2.48	2	0
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.	0	2.94	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	3.41	1	1
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	0	4.14	6	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	0	4.14	6	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	0	4.04	3	1
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	0	2.03	1	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Acquired Facial Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Callous-Unemotional Traits [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	0	2.03	1	0
Conduct Disorder A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	0	2.03	1	0
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	2.42	2	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	4.84	35	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	0	4.16	6	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	0	4.16	6	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	4.6	6	1
Reticulocytosis An increase in circulating RETICULOCYTES, which is among the simplest and most reliable signs of accelerated ERYTHROCYTE production. Reticulocytosis occurs during active BLOOD regeneration (stimulation of red bone marrow) and in certain types of ANEMIA, particularly CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.	0	2.03	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	0	2.87	4	0
Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.	0	2.03	1	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	0	2.38	2	0
Congenital Icthyosis Mental Retardation Spasticity Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome An autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis MENTAL RETARDATION; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; and congenital ICHTHYOSIS. It is caused by mutation of gene encoding microsomal fatty ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE leading to defect in fatty alcohol metabolism.	0	2.03	1	0
Anemia, Congenital Hypoplastic, Of Blackfan And Diamond [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan A rare congenital hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. The disease is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, occasional neutropenia or thrombocytosis, a normocellular bone marrow with erythroid hypoplasia, and an increased risk of developing leukemia. (Curr Opin Hematol 2000 Mar;7(2):85-94)	0	2.03	1	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	2.41	2	0
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	0	2.04	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	2.03	1	0
Cyclospora Infection [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Infections, Tick-Borne [description not available]	0	2.47	2	0
Corridor Disease [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.37	2	0
Flaviviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE.	0	2.03	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	7.03	1	0
Monosomy The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.	0	2.04	1	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	0	2.04	1	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	3.55	9	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	3.55	9	0
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.62	38	0
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.	0	6.62	38	0
Addison's Disease [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.	0	2.35	2	0
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	0	2.34	2	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	0	3.2	6	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	4.37	8	0
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	0	2.34	2	0
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	0	2.34	2	0
Acrodynia A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. Clinical features include pain, swelling and pinkish discoloration of the fingers and toes, weakness in the extremities, extreme irritability, HYPERESTHESIA, and alterations in level of consciousness. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p603)	0	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	0	5.5	27	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Hair Diseases Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.	0	1.96	1	0
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	3.57	3	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.	0	3.57	3	0
Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM.	0	1.96	1	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	0	1.96	1	0
Infections, Reoviridae [description not available]	0	4.03	3	1
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	2.37	2	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	6.21	13	1
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	6.21	13	1
Babesia Infection [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	7.22	9	2
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	7.22	9	2
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Mouth, Edentulous Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.	0	2.37	2	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	0	4.82	4	2
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	0	4.82	4	2
Stomatitis, Denture Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation.	0	2.89	4	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	0	2.37	2	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	0	5.93	5	2
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	1.96	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.67	10	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	8.67	10	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	0	2.87	4	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	0	2.87	4	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	0	1.96	1	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	0	2.38	2	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	6.76	13	2
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	11.76	13	2
Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.	0	1.96	1	0
Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw.	0	1.96	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	0	5.18	4	1
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	2.36	2	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	3.05	5	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	0	2.66	3	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	0	3.57	9	0
Adult Sandhoff Disease [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Sandhoff Disease An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in neurons and other tissues. It is caused by mutation in the common beta subunit of HEXOSAMINIDASE A and HEXOSAMINIDASE B. Thus this disease is also known as the O variant since both hexosaminidase A and B are missing. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from TAY-SACHS DISEASE.	0	2.37	2	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	2.35	2	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Marasmus [description not available]	0	4.48	9	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	4.48	9	0
Diverticula, Esophageal [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Diverticulitis Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.	0	1.96	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	1.96	1	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	0	3.34	7	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	4.29	7	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.95	9	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	0	2.36	2	0
Epulides [description not available]	0	3.03	5	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA.	0	3.03	5	0
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	0	2.36	2	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	0	1.96	1	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	0	2.66	3	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.83	12	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	8.83	12	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	0	2.65	3	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	3.57	3	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.78	4	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	0	10	16	0
Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)	0	8.34	1	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	4.74	7	1
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.	0	1.96	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	2.36	2	0
Congenital Hand Deformities [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	5.18	4	3
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	5.18	4	3
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	0	1.96	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	0	2.35	2	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	0	1.95	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.	0	2.39	2	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	0	1.98	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	2.88	4	0
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	0	1.98	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	2.39	2	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	0	2.39	2	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	0	2.39	2	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	0	8.37	1	1
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	0	3.37	1	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	2.39	2	0
Dental Fissure [description not available]	0	3.36	7	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	0	1.98	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	2.37	2	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	1.98	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Spirochaetales [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	3.21	6	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	1.98	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	1.98	1	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	0	2.39	2	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	0	2.89	4	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	0	2.74	3	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	0	3.56	3	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	0	1.99	1	0
Jaw, Edentulous The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.	0	2.38	2	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	2.39	2	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	7.4	2	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	2.4	2	0
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	1.99	1	0
Habronemiasis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	0	3.77	2	1
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	3.6	3	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	4.27	6	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	0	2.75	3	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	0	3.28	2	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	0	1.99	1	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	0	1.99	1	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	2.4	2	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	3.07	5	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	2.78	3	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	2.68	3	0
Hemisensory Neglect [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Perceptual Disorders Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.	0	2.65	3	0
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	1.99	1	0
Mediastinitis Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs.	0	7.67	3	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	3.35	7	0
Anus Prolapse [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	0	1.99	1	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA.	0	2.91	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	2.91	1	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	0	2.91	1	0
Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.	0	2.91	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	4.26	7	0
Enophthalmos Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.	0	1.99	1	0
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	0	2.67	3	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	0	2.67	3	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	0	2.42	2	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	1.99	1	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	1.99	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	0	2.38	2	0
Paraphimosis A condition in which the FORESKIN, once retracted, cannot return to its original position. If this condition persists, it can lead to painful constriction of GLANS PENIS, swelling, and impaired blood flow to the penis.	0	2.4	2	0
Boils [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Impetigo Contagiosa [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Impetigo A common superficial bacterial infection caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Characteristics include pustular lesions that rupture and discharge a thin, amber-colored fluid that dries and forms a crust. This condition is commonly located on the face, especially about the mouth and nose.	0	1.99	1	0
Johne Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	2	1	0
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape.	0	2	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	2.38	2	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	2	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic [description not available]	0	2.91	1	0
Arthritis, Juvenile Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.	0	2.91	1	0
Lingual Nerve Contusion [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cockayne-Touraine Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.	0	2	1	0
Bovine Virus Diarrhea Mucosal Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	0	3.79	4	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	0	3.79	4	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	0	2	1	0
Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (	0	2	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	0	2.39	2	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	2.39	2	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	4.74	2	1
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	4.74	2	1
Pyrosis [description not available]	0	4.41	2	2
Heartburn Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.	0	4.41	2	2
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	3.37	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	0	3.07	5	0
Fournier Disease [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hansen Disease [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	0	2	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	0	2	1	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	0	2.66	3	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.	0	2	1	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	0	2	1	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	0	2	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	0	2	1	0
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	0	7	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	2	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.37	2	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	2.38	2	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	2.37	2	0
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	0	2	1	0
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	0	7	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	0	2	1	0
Acneiform Eruptions Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)	0	2	1	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	2	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	0	2	1	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	0	8.76	2	1
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	0	2.01	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	0	2.01	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	0	2.01	1	0
MODS [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	2.01	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	2.01	1	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	9.26	7	0
Parasystole A cardiac arrhythmia that is caused by interaction of two independently initiated cardiac impulses of different rates from two separate foci. Generally one focus is the SINOATRIAL NODE, the normal pacemaker. The ectopic focus is usually in the HEART VENTRICLE but can be in the HEART ATRIUM or the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE. Modulation of the parasystolic rhythm by the sinus rhythm depends on the completeness of entrance block surrounding the parasystolic focus.	0	2.92	1	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	0	2.36	2	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	0	5.15	8	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	0	3.34	1	1
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	0	2.35	2	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	2.87	4	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	2.86	4	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	3.79	4	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	3.79	4	0
Decalcification, Pathologic The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.	0	3.27	2	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	0	3.55	3	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.87	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	0	2.87	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	2.87	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	0	2.87	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	1.95	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	3.33	7	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Fibroid [description not available]	0	3.3	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).	0	1.95	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	3.3	2	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	2.35	2	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	0	1.95	1	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	0	1.95	1	0
Abetalipoproteinemia An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.	0	1.95	1	0
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	0	2.65	3	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	0	1.95	1	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	0	1.95	1	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	0	2.35	2	0
Gastric Rupture [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Gastric Volvulus [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	2.35	2	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.86	4	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	0	2.86	4	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	0	3.2	6	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	0	1.95	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	1.95	1	0
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Measles, German [description not available]	0	3.65	10	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	0	2.35	2	0
Leukoma [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	0	1.95	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	2.64	3	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Nanism [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	0	1.95	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	2.36	2	0
Galactorrhea Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.	0	1.95	1	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	0	1.95	1	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	0	1.95	1	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	0	2.35	2	0
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	0	1.95	1	0
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Claustrophobia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Phobic Disorders Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.	0	1.95	1	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	0	3.28	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	2.65	3	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.	0	8.36	1	1
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	2.36	2	0
CBS Deficiency [description not available]	0	4.03	3	0
Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)	0	4.03	3	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	1.98	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	1.98	1	0
Uveitis, Posterior Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.	0	1.98	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	1.98	1	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	0	1.98	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	0	1.97	1	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
alpha Mannosidase B Deficiency [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	2.38	2	0
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses.	0	1.97	1	0
alpha-Mannosidosis An inborn error of metabolism marked by a defect in the lysosomal isoform of ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE activity that results in lysosomal accumulation of mannose-rich intermediate metabolites. Virtually all patients have psychomotor retardation, facial coarsening, and some degree of dysostosis multiplex. It is thought to be an autosomal recessive disorder.	0	1.97	1	0
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	2.89	1	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.	0	1.97	1	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	0	2.36	2	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	0	1.97	1	0
Potassium Deficiency A condition due to decreased dietary intake of potassium, as in starvation or failure to administer in intravenous solutions, or to gastrointestinal loss in diarrhea, chronic laxative abuse, vomiting, gastric suction, or bowel diversion. Severe potassium deficiency may produce muscular weakness and lead to paralysis and respiratory failure. Muscular malfunction may result in hypoventilation, paralytic ileus, hypotension, muscle twitches, tetany, and rhabomyolysis. Nephropathy from potassium deficit impairs the concentrating mechanism, producing POLYURIA and decreased maximal urinary concentrating ability with secondary POLYDIPSIA. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	2.43	2	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Cochlear Diseases Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).	0	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	0	1.97	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	2.36	2	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	0	2.89	1	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	0	1.97	1	0
Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.	0	1.97	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.34	7	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	3.34	7	0
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	0	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	0	2.65	3	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	1.96	1	0
Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.	0	1.97	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	2.64	3	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	0	1.96	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	0	1.96	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.	0	1.96	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	0	1.96	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	1.96	1	0
Atrophy of Gingiva [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	2.35	2	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	2.36	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	0	2.37	2	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	0	1.96	1	0
Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.	0	1.97	1	0
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.	0	2.35	2	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	0	1.97	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	2.36	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	2.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	1.96	1	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	0	6.06	26	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	1.96	1	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	1.96	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	3.96	5	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	0	1.96	1	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	0	2.36	2	0
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	0	3.89	13	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	0	1.94	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	0	3.89	13	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	3.2	6	0
Avian Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	2.35	2	0
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Adenomatosis, Ovine Pulmonary [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	1.94	1	0
Rubeola [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Measles A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.	0	2.64	3	0
Periapical Cyst [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dental Granuloma [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	0	1.95	1	0
Hallux Abductovalgus [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hallux Valgus Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or BUNION formation over the bony prominence.	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalitis, Japanese B [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalitis, Japanese A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)	0	1.94	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	3.55	3	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	1.94	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	8.55	3	0
Larva Migrans, Visceral A condition produced in man by the prolonged migration of animal nematode larvae in extraintestinal tissues other than skin; characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and frequently pneumonitis, commonly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati.	0	1.94	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	2.64	3	0
Chicken Pox [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Alastrim [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Chickenpox A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.38	2	0
Smallpox An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Blue Tongue [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
African Horse Sickness An insect-borne reovirus infection of horses, mules and donkeys in Africa and the Middle East; characterized by pulmonary edema, cardiac involvement, and edema of the head and neck.	0	2.35	2	0
Adult Refsum Disease [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	1.95	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	0	2.35	2	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	0	1.95	1	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	0	1.95	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	2.35	2	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	1.95	1	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	0	2.35	2	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	0	2.35	2	0
Ametropia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.	0	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Palsy [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	2.35	2	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	0	2.35	2	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	0	2.35	2	0
Infections, Poxviridae [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	0	2.64	3	0
Encephalomyelitis, Enzootic Porcine A picornavirus infection producing symptoms similar to poliomyelitis in pigs.	0	1.94	1	0
Aujeszky Disease [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Avian Reticuloendotheliosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Bird Pox [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	0	2.64	3	0
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	1.94	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	2.35	2	0
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	0	1.95	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	0	2.64	3	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	0	2.64	3	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	1.95	1	0
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Diseases of Nasopharynx [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	0	2.38	2	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	1.94	1	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	1.94	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	7.35	2	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	0	1.95	1	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	0	1.95	1	0
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.	0	2.35	2	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	0	2.35	2	0
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	0	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	0	1.95	1	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	0	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.	0	2.35	2	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	0	2.38	2	0
Cystine Diathesis [description not available]	0	3.26	2	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Cystinosis A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.	0	3.26	2	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	0	2.86	1	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	0	2.86	1	0
Belching [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Oral Manifestations Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.	0	3.27	2	0
Aphthae [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Cancrum Oris [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)	0	2.86	1	0
Cancer of Spleen [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Absence of Brain, Congenital [description not available]	0	3.27	2	0
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	0	1.95	1	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	0	1.94	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	1.94	1	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	0	3.04	5	0
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.	0	2.35	2	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	0	1.94	1	0
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	2.63	3	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	0	2.35	2	0
Atresia, Esophageal [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	0	1.95	1	0
Esophageal Atresia Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.	0	1.95	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	0	2.35	2	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.	0	1.95	1	0
Bowel Incontinence [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.	0	1.95	1	0
Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	0	1.95	1	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	0	1.95	1	0
Pancreatic Cyst A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)	0	1.95	1	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	0	6.95	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Cretinism [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Exomphalos [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	0	1.95	1	0
Hernia, Umbilical A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.	0	1.95	1	0
Aldosteronism [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	0	1.95	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	0	3.33	1	1
Otospongiosis [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	0	2.35	2	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.39	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	3.26	2	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	3.26	2	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	0	2.63	3	0
Diverticula [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Myoma A benign neoplasm of muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Classical Swine Fever An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality.	0	1.94	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Concussive Convulsion [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	1.94	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	1.94	1	0
Hiccough [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	2.63	3	0
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	0	1.94	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.	0	2.35	2	0
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	0	1.94	1	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	0	1.94	1	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	0	2.35	2	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	0	2.35	2	0
Colon Diverticula [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Diverticulum, Colon A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.	0	1.94	1	0
Egyptian Ophthalmia [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Blennorrhea, Inclusion [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.	0	1.94	1	0
Candidiasis, Cutaneous Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	1.94	1	0
Erythremia [description not available]	0	2.34	2	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	0	2.34	2	0
Dental Focal Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	0	1.94	1	0
Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)	0	1.94	1	0
Dental Occlusion, Traumatic An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures.	0	1.94	1	0
Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.	0	1.94	1	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	0	1.94	1	0
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	1.94	1	0
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	0	1.94	1	0
Embolus [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.	0	2.35	2	0
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.	0	1.94	1	0
Arbovirus Infections Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.	0	1.94	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	1.94	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.94	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.94	1	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	1.94	1	0
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	0	1.94	1	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	0	1.94	1	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	0	1.94	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	1.94	1	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	0	1.94	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	0	1.94	1	0
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Hysteria Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice.	0	1.94	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	0	1.94	1	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	0	1.94	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	0	1.94	1	0
Shock, Surgical A type of shock that occurs as a result of a surgical procedure.	0	1.94	1	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	0	2.41	1	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	2.41	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	0	2.41	1	0
Occupational Injuries Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.	0	2.88	3	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Asymptomatic Colonization [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Plasmodium vivax Malaria [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Malaria, Vivax Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.	0	2.72	2	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	0	2.25	1	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	0	2.25	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	3.02	4	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	3.02	4	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	3.17	1	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	2.25	1	0
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.	0	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.31	1	0
Dysuria Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT.	0	2.31	1	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	0	2.31	1	0
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Acute respiratory illness in humans caused by the SIN NOMBRE VIRUS whose primary rodent reservoir is the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus. First identified in the southwestern United States, this syndrome is characterized most commonly by fever, myalgias, headache, cough, and rapid respiratory failure.	0	2.15	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	2.17	1	0
Chromosomal Duplication [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Infections, RNA Virus [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	0	2.51	2	0
Burnout, Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure.	0	2.1	1	0
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	0	2.1	1	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	0	3.5	1	1
Chromosomal Instability An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.	0	2.11	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	2.11	1	0
Infections, Rickettsia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	0	2.13	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	3.51	1	1
Back Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.	0	2.04	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	2.05	1	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	0	2.05	1	0
Sneezing The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.06	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.06	1	0
Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.	0	2.07	1	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	0	2.07	1	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.07	1	0
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.	0	2.07	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	0	2.01	1	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.01	1	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	0	2.01	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	0	1.93	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	3.4	1	1
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0

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