Page last updated: 2024-09-19

pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid

Description

Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

oxoproline : A pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID7405
CHEMBL ID397976
CHEBI ID18183
SCHEMBL ID15790
MeSH IDM0018279
PubMed CID499
CHEMBL ID284718
CHEBI ID16010
SCHEMBL ID15791
MeSH IDM0018279

Synonyms (243)

Synonym
AC-15173
CHEBI:18183 ,
(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
(s)-pyroglutamic acid
(s)-(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
nsc-11742
nsc9966 ,
nsc-9966
nsc11742
pyroglutamic acid, (l)
5-carboxy-2-pyrrolidinone
pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
l-glutamic acid gamma-lactam
einecs 202-700-3
2-l-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
(s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
l-proline, 5-oxo-
2-pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylic acid
l-glutimic acid
l-pyrrolidinonecarboxylic acid
proline, 5-oxo-, l-
acide pidolique [inn-french]
l-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
5-pyrrolidinone-2-carboxylic acid
ajidew a-100
l-5-oxoproline
(5s)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid
l-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
l-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
l-5-carboxy-2-pyrrolidinone
nsc 143034
acidum pidolicum [inn-latin]
acido pidolico [inn-spanish]
l-glutiminic acid
pidolic acid [inn]
2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid
glutiminic acid
proline, 5-oxo-
2-benzothiazolesulfenic acid morpholide
pyrrolidinonecarboxylic acid
nsc 9966
pidolic acid
pyroglutamate
l-pyroglutamic acid
5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid
pyroglutamic acid
98-79-3
5-oxo-l-proline
l-5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid
5-oxoproline ,
C01879
nsc-143034
l-pyroglutamic acid, 97%
l-pyroglutamic acid, bioxtra
l-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
glutimic acid
NCGC00160613-01
5-l-oxoproline
DB03088
P-8490
MLS001332421
smr000857158
MLS001332422
l-pyroglutamate
l-pyroglutamic acid, >=99.0% (t)
E478F48D-E369-43AE-8132-08D819242518
l-pca
pidolidone
pyroglutamic acid, l-
nsc-760414
CHEMBL397976
(s)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
(s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
P0573
h-pyr-oh
l-glutamic acid lactam
pyroglu
A845910
HMS3264E20
M03204
cas-98-79-3
dtxsid6046260 ,
dtxcid4026260
tox21_111936
pharmakon1600-01506185
nsc760414
HMS2231L11
CCG-36432
szb83o1w42 ,
unii-szb83o1w42
pidolic acid [inn:ban]
acide pidolique
oxo-proline
acidum pidolicum
pidolate
acido pidolico
BP-12844
pidolic acid [who-dd]
l-pyroglutamic acid [mi]
pyroglutamic acid [usp-rs]
pca [inci]
AKOS015855330
S5823
CS-M0659
AM83732
SCHEMBL15790
NCGC00160613-02
tox21_111936_1
(s)-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
pglu
l-pyro-glutamic acid
(s)-5-oxopyrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(l)-pyroglutamic acid
(2s)-5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid
pglu-oh
pyr-oh
(s)-(-)-pyroglutamic acid
F8889-8712
l-glutamic acid .gamma.-lactam
(5s)-2-xopyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid
AB00514366_07
mfcd00005272
(s)-(-)-2-pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylic acid
pyroglutamic acid, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
P17107
pidolic acid, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
(s)-pyroglutamate
pyrrolidinonecarboxylate
pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
l-pyrrolidinonecarboxylate
l-glutiminate
oxopyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
(-)-pyroglutamate
ajidew a 100
(s)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate
(s)-(-)-g-butyrolactam-g-carboxylic acid
2-oxopyrrolidine-5(s)-carboxylate
l-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
l-glutimate
l-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate
l-pyrrolidonecarboxylate
5-pyrrolidinone-2-carboxylate
(s)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
(s)-(-)-gamma-butyrolactam-gamma-carboxylic acid
2-l-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
glutiminate
(5s)-2-oxopyrrolidine-5-carboxylate
glutimate
2-oxopyrrolidine-5(s)-carboxylic acid
(s)-(-)-g-butyrolactam-g-carboxylate
(-)-pyroglutamic acid
oxopyrrolidinecarboxylate
(s)-(-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate
(s)-(-)-gamma-butyrolactam-gamma-carboxylate
l-glutamic acid g-lactam
2-pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylate
HY-76082
pyrrolidone car-boxylic acid
Q60998677
rec-pga 273k
EN300-72896
STR02331
pidolic-acid
GEO-04256
Z1154378309
BB 0241896
5-oxo-dl-proline
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
GLP ,
CHEBI:16010 ,
dl-pyroglutamic acid
149-87-1
nsc-40887
dl-proline, 5-oxo-
nsc40887
5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
oxoproline
16891-48-8
nsc143034
5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
STK290904
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, 99%
smr000112493
MLS001304098
2027729E-091C-4F23-87AA-2D40D8A5C67C
CHEMBL284718
h-dl-pyr-oh
G0061
dl-glutamic acid lactam
AKOS000119789
A808971
5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid;dl-pyroglutamic acid
6vt1yzm21h ,
nsc 40887
einecs 205-748-3
unii-6vt1yzm21h
dl-pidolic acid
BBL011576
HMS2269D08
FT-0605097
FT-0628008
FT-0613406
AM20080373
pyroglutamic acid, dl-
pidolic acid, dl-
(+/-)-pyroglutamic acid
proline, 5-oxo-, dl-
(+/-)-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
dl-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
dl-2-pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylic acid
dl-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid
AKOS016338215
gtpl4703
HMS3372F13
AB00443776-07
SCHEMBL15791
SY002490
PS-6138
d,l-pyroglutamic acid
5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
NCGC00263467-03
Q-100175
dl-5-oxoproline
5-oxoproline #
mfcd00064322
F2190-0001
sr-01000830710
SR-01000830710-3
2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylicacid
CS-W013454
DTXSID80859174
Q27887010
D77751
dl-pyroglutamicacid
PB42767
HY-W012738
proline-2,3,3,4,4-d5,5-oxo- (9ci)
EN300-19515
Z104474096

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
algal metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (6)

ClassDescription
5-oxoprolineAn oxoproline having the oxo group placed at the 5-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the glutathione cycle.
L-proline derivativeA proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-proline by a heteroatom.
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acidAny L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
oxoprolineA pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent.
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid
pyrrolidin-2-onesA pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (11)

pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid is involved in 11 pathway(s), involving a total of 72 unique proteins and 268 unique compounds

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Glutathione Metabolism1121
Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency1121
5-Oxoprolinuria1121
gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency1121
5-Oxoprolinase Deficiency1121
gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Deficiency1121
Oxidative stress and redox pathway019
Glutathione and one-carbon metabolism010
Glutathione metabolism013
Trans-sulfuration, one-carbon metabolism and related pathways053
One-carbon metabolism and related pathways038
Gamma-glutamyl cycle for the biosynthesis and degradation of glutathione, including diseases69

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.66280.000811.382244.6684AID686979
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.00527.809829.0929AID588855
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.39140.000214.376460.0339AID720691
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.40530.005612.367736.1254AID624032
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00560.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency39.81070.044717.8581100.0000AID485294
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.92900.00419.984825.9290AID504444
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (82)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID289446Antisecretory activity in rat pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model determined by ratio of total acidity inhibition in drug treated to untreated control2007European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 42, Issue:3
alpha-Amino acid derivatives as proton pump inhibitors and potent anti-ulcer agents.
AID768710Toxicity in chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected Swiss albino mouse assessed as mortality at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured up to 4 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID768715Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected in Swiss albino mouse assessed as quantal survival at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured on day 142013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID768731Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected in Swiss albino mouse assessed as quantal survival at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured on day 72013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID1399739Antifungal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID768722Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected in Swiss albino mouse assessed as quantal survival at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured on day 102013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID1399727Antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans assessed as inhibition of zoospore release at 100 ug/ml after 4 hrs relative to control2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID768704Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected in Swiss albino mouse assessed as host survival at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured on day 302013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID289444Inhibition of gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in Sprague-Dawley rat microsomal vesicles at 10 umol2007European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 42, Issue:3
alpha-Amino acid derivatives as proton pump inhibitors and potent anti-ulcer agents.
AID1399732Antibacterial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis at 2 mg/ml after 4 to 10 hrs by filter paper dispersion method2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID289445Antisecretory activity in rat pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model determined by ratio of free acidity inhibition in drug treated to untreated control2007European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 42, Issue:3
alpha-Amino acid derivatives as proton pump inhibitors and potent anti-ulcer agents.
AID768728Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK-173 infected in Swiss albino mouse assessed as quantal survival at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 4 times per day for 3 days measured on day 82013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 67Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of original porphyrin precursors and derivatives.
AID1399735Antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum at 2 mg/ml after 4 to 10 hrs by filter paper dispersion method2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID1399728Antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans assessed as inhibition of zoospore release after 4 hrs2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID1399738Antifungal activity against Phytophthora infestans2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of l-pyroglutamic acid analogues from natural product lead.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1224817Assays to identify small molecules inhibitory for eIF4E expression2015Chemistry & biology, Jul-23, Volume: 22, Issue:7
Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Based Bicistronic In Situ Reporter Assays for Discovery of Transcription-Targeted Lead Compounds.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID24381Inhibition of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase at a dose of 6.51 mM relative to 2-Oxo-hexahydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Substrate specificity of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase.
AID24382Inhibition of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase at a dose of 6.51 mM relative to Pyrrolidin-2-one-CO-Gly-Ile1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Substrate specificity of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase.
AID227699Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID24379Inhibition of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase at a dose of 13.02 mM relative to 2-Oxo-hexahydro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Substrate specificity of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase.
AID24380Inhibition of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase at a dose of 13.02 mM relative to Pyrrolidin-2-one-CO-Gly-Ile1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Substrate specificity of pyroglutamylaminopeptidase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (2,846)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990632 (22.21)18.7374
1990's881 (30.96)18.2507
2000's606 (21.29)29.6817
2010's571 (20.06)24.3611
2020's156 (5.48)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials101 (3.36%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews176 (5.86%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies91 (3.03%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.03%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other2,636 (87.72%)84.16%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (56)

ArticleYear
5-Oxoproline Enhances 4-Hydroxytamoxifen-induced Cytotoxicity by Increasing Oxidative Stress in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.
Anticancer research, Volume: 43, Issue: 3
2023
Efficacy and Safety of Pidotimod in Persistent Asthma: A Randomized Triple-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Indian pediatrics, Mar-15, Volume: 59, Issue: 3
2022
A γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase protects Arabidopsis plants from heavy metal toxicity by recycling glutamate to maintain glutathione homeostasis.
The Plant cell, Volume: 25, Issue: 11
2013
The ameliorative effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Mar-18, Volume: 18, Issue: 3
2013
The Parkinson's disease-associated GPR37 receptor-mediated cytotoxicity is controlled by its intracellular cysteine-rich domain.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 125, Issue: 3
2013
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of extended-release metadoxine in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, Volume: 73, Issue: 12
2012
In vivo and in vitro assessment of the role of glutathione antioxidant system in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Archives of toxicology, Volume: 85, Issue: 5
2011
Cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents on human pulp cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels.
International endodontic journal, Volume: 43, Issue: 12
2010
Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels.
International endodontic journal, Volume: 43, Issue: 5
2010
The protective effects of N-Acetl-cysteine, oxo-thiazolidine-carboxylate, acetaminophen and their combinations against sulfur mustard cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast cell line (HF2FF).
Iranian biomedical journal, Volume: 13, Issue: 4
2009
New therapeutic approach to Tourette Syndrome in children based on a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase IV study of the effectiveness and safety of magnesium and vitamin B6.
Trials, Mar-10, Volume: 10
2009
A double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Critical care medicine, Volume: 36, Issue: 3
2008
The ameliorative effect of cysteine prodrug L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, Volume: 21, Issue: 5
2007
Cytotoxicity of formaldehyde on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels.
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Volume: 83, Issue: 2
2007
An analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is neuroprotective against glutamate-induced toxicity in fetal rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.
Brain research, Jan-12, Volume: 1128, Issue: 1
2007
Integrated metabonomic analysis of bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity: novel induction of 5-oxoprolinosis.
Journal of proteome research, Volume: 5, Issue: 6
2006
L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reduces in vitro cytotoxicity of glucose degradation products.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, Volume: 19, Issue: 12
2004
[Study on the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity of metadoxine in mice and rats].
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine], Volume: 38, Issue: 4
2004
The structural integrity exerted by N-terminal pyroglutamate is crucial for the cytotoxicity of frog ribonuclease from Rana pipiens.
Nucleic acids research, Sep-15, Volume: 31, Issue: 18
2003
[Reproductive toxicity of metadoxine in rats].
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine], Volume: 37, Issue: 3
2003
Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of nicotine in human periodontal ligament fibroblast cultures in vitro.
Journal of periodontal research, Volume: 37, Issue: 4
2002
Effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate on the cytotoxic activity and toxicity of cyclophosphamide in mice bearing B16F10 melanoma liver metastases.
Melanoma research, Volume: 10, Issue: 2
2000
In vitro effect of glutathione precursors on cytotoxicity of amino acids to human mesothelial cells.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, Volume: 50, Issue: 3
1999
Enhancement of cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide by hyperthermia in chinese hamster ovary cells: role of antioxidant defenses.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, Mar-15, Volume: 363, Issue: 2
1999
L-oxothiazolidine 4-carboxylate pretreatment of isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes reduces sulfur mustard cytotoxicity.
Cell biology and toxicology, Volume: 13, Issue: 3
1997
Reduction in the duration of myelotoxicity associated with radioimmunotherapy with infusions of the hemoregulatory peptide, HP5b in mice.
International journal of cancer, Jan-27, Volume: 70, Issue: 3
1997
Role of the N terminus in RNase A homologues: differences in catalytic activity, ribonuclease inhibitor interaction and cytotoxicity.
Journal of molecular biology, Apr-19, Volume: 257, Issue: 5
1996
Increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities enhance resistance of rat lung epithelial L2 cells to quinone toxicity.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, Volume: 14, Issue: 2
1996
Toxicity and growth-promoting potential of spermine when fed to chicks.
Journal of animal science, Volume: 73, Issue: 8
1995
Chronic inhibition of glutamate uptake produces a model of slow neurotoxicity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jul-15, Volume: 90, Issue: 14
1993
Toxicity evaluations of L-cysteine and Procysteine, a cysteine prodrug, given once intravenously to neonatal rats.
Toxicology letters, Volume: 69, Issue: 1
1993
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of recurrent respiratory infections in children.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Cytotoxicity of mercury compounds in LLC-PK1, MDCK and human proximal tubular cells.
Kidney international, Volume: 47, Issue: 2
1995
Intracellular cysteine delivery system that protects against toxicity by promoting glutathione synthesis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume: 79, Issue: 20
1982
Mechanism of chloroform nephrotoxicity. IV. Phenobarbital potentiation of in vitro chloroform metabolism and toxicity in rabbit kidneys.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Jun-30, Volume: 74, Issue: 2
1984
Neurotoxic effects of endogenous materials: quinolinic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH).
Experimental neurology, Volume: 86, Issue: 2
1984
Alteration of bleomycin cytotoxicity by glutathione depletion or elevation.
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, Volume: 10, Issue: 9
1984
Potentiation and protection of doxorubicin cytotoxicity by cellular glutathione modulation.
Cancer treatment reports, Volume: 69, Issue: 11
1985
Effects of cysteine pro-drugs on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 237, Issue: 1
1986
Effect of a cysteine prodrug (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) on the metabolism and toxicity of bromobenzene: a repeated exposure study.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Volume: 21, Issue: 3
1987
Role of glutathione in the toxicity of the sesquiterpene lactones hymenoxon and helenalin.
Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Volume: 23, Issue: 2
1988
Glutathione depletion greatly reduces neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells.
The Journal of biological chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 260, Issue: 14
1985
Protection by L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a cysteine prodrug, against 1,1-dichloroethylene hepatotoxicity in rats is associated with decreases in toxin metabolism and cytochrome P-450.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 248, Issue: 1
1989
Alteration of precocene II-induced hepatotoxicity by modulation of hepatic glutathione levels.
Chemico-biological interactions, Volume: 71, Issue: 2-3
1989
Prevention of hematotoxic side effects of cytostatic drugs in mice by a synthetic hemoregulatory peptide.
Cancer research, Jan-15, Volume: 50, Issue: 2
1990
Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous and oral administration of a TRH analogue (RX77368) in motor neuron disease.
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, Volume: 53, Issue: 11
1990
Effect of modulators of glutathione synthesis on the hepatotoxicity of 2-methylfuran.
Biochemical pharmacology, May-01, Volume: 41, Issue: 9
1991
Protection from arabinofuranosylcytosine and n-mustard-induced myelotoxicity using hemoregulatory peptide pGlu-Glu-Asp-Cys-Lys monomer and dimer.
Blood, Mar-15, Volume: 77, Issue: 6
1991
Effect of buthionine sulfoximine on toxicity of verapamil and doxorubicin to multidrug resistant cells and to mice.
Cancer research, Jan-01, Volume: 51, Issue: 1
1991
Selective modulation of glutathione in mouse brain regions and its effect on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.
Biochemical pharmacology, Jan-22, Volume: 43, Issue: 2
1992
Elevation of lung glutathione by oral supplementation of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate protects against oxygen toxicity in protein-energy malnourished rats.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Volume: 6, Issue: 12
1992
Enalapril hepatotoxicity in the rat. Effects of modulators of cytochrome P450 and glutathione.
Biochemical pharmacology, Nov-03, Volume: 44, Issue: 9
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Long-term Use (9)

ArticleYear
Pyroglutamic acidosis in association with therapeutic paracetamol use.
Clinical medicine (London, England), Volume: 16, Issue: 6
2016
Effects of chronic administration of adipokinetic and hypertrehalosemic hormone on animal behavior, BDNF, and CREB expression in the hippocampus and neurogenesis in mice.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, Volume: 30, Issue: 1
2016
Immunomodulatory activity of pidotimod administered with standard antibiotic therapy in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia.
Journal of translational medicine, Sep-03, Volume: 13
2015
HPLC-MS/MS methods for the quantitative analysis of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate) in rat plasma and hepatic cell line culture medium.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, Nov-01, Volume: 56, Issue: 3
2011
NC-1900, an arginine-vasopressin analogue, ameliorates social behavior deficits and hyperlocomotion in MK-801-treated rats: therapeutic implications for schizophrenia.
Brain research, Aug-16, Volume: 1053, Issue: 1-2
2005
Oral magnesium pidolate: effects of long-term administration in patients with sickle cell disease.
British journal of haematology, Volume: 108, Issue: 2
2000
[Influence of thyroliberin and its analogs with different hormonal activity on the pharmacological effects of ethanol].
Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, Volume: 95, Issue: 5
1983
The binding of 3H-(3-MeHis2) thyrotropin releasing hormone to brain and pituitary membranes of morphine tolerant-dependent and abstinent rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Volume: 34, Issue: 1
1989
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pharmacokinetics (15)

ArticleYear
Advantage of population pharmacokinetic method for evaluating the bioequivalence and accuracy of parameter estimation of pidotimod.
International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Volume: 54, Issue: 9
2016
A robust LC-MS/MS method for the determination of pidotimod in different biological matrixes and its application to in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Jun-15, Volume: 1023-1024
2016
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of adefovir in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Aug-01, Volume: 878, Issue: 23
2010
High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of pidotimod in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, Aug-15, Volume: 877, Issue: 24
2009
Neuropharmacodynamic evaluation of the centrally active thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue [Leu2]TRH and its chemical brain-targeting system.
Brain research, Oct-18, Volume: 952, Issue: 2
2002
Brain receptor binding characteristics and pharmacokinetics of JTP-2942, a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue.
Life sciences, Volume: 65, Issue: 22
1999
The pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of Procysteine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Neurology, Apr-22, Volume: 52, Issue: 7
1999
Pharmacokinetics of 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a cysteine prodrug, and cysteine.
Journal of clinical pharmacology, Volume: 38, Issue: 10
1998
Renal clearance of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like peptide pyroglutamyl-glutamyl-prolineamide in humans.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Volume: 82, Issue: 9
1997
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in elderly volunteers and in renal failure patients.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pidotimod in humans.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in rats and dogs.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
The pharmacokinetics of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and deamido-TRH in the rat.
Endocrinology, Volume: 115, Issue: 3
1984
L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a cysteine prodrug: pharmacokinetics and effects on thiols in plasma and lymphocytes in human.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 257, Issue: 1
1991
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioavailability (19)

ArticleYear
Headaches and Magnesium: Mechanisms, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Advantage of Magnesium Pidolate.
Nutrients, Aug-31, Volume: 12, Issue: 9
2020
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology, Volume: 96, Issue: 5
2019
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue: 46
2019
Water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions: an excellent delivery system for improving the oral bioavailability of pidotimod in rats.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 100, Issue: 6
2011
Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS): a new way for oral delivery of drugs with high solubility and low permeability.
International journal of pharmaceutics, May-16, Volume: 409, Issue: 1-2
2011
Vascular oxidative stress and nitric oxide depletion in HIV-1 transgenic rats are reversed by glutathione restoration.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Volume: 294, Issue: 6
2008
Structure-based drug design of pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxamides as a novel series of orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors.
Chemical biology & drug design, Volume: 69, Issue: 6
2007
Structure-activity relationships for in vitro diuretic activity of CAP2b in the housefly.
Peptides, Volume: 28, Issue: 1
2007
Acute changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone circulating levels induced by the oral intake of five currently available calcium salts in healthy male volunteers.
Clinical rheumatology, Volume: 16, Issue: 3
1997
Synthesis, physical properties, toxicological studies and bioavailability of L-pyroglutamic and L-glutamic acid esters of paracetamol as potentially useful prodrugs.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Volume: 48, Issue: 5
1996
Effect of food on the bioavailability of pidotimod in healthy volunteers.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of pidotimod in humans.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Pharmacokinetics of pidotimod in rats and dogs.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues show enhanced CNS selectivity because of increased biological stability.
Regulatory peptides, Volume: 2, Issue: 5
1981
Influence of accompanying anion on intestinal radiocalcium absorption.
Calcified tissue international, Volume: 40, Issue: 1
1987
Brain penetration of orally administered sodium pyroglutamate.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Volume: 40, Issue: 8
1988
Bioavailability and activity of topical corticosteroids from a novel drug delivery system, the aerosol quick-break foam.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 66, Issue: 1
1977
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Dosage (47)

ArticleYear
Association of Amyloid Reduction After Donanemab Treatment With Tau Pathology and Clinical Outcomes: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA neurology, 10-01, Volume: 79, Issue: 10
2022
A Model for SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Treatment.
Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, Volume: 2020
2020
Proposal for a new therapeutic high dosage of Pidotimod in children with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: a randomized controlled study.
Italian journal of pediatrics, Jul-25, Volume: 46, Issue: 1
2020
What is the clinical significance of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) in high anion gap metabolic acidosis following paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure?
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), Volume: 51, Issue: 9
2013
A mathematical modelling approach to assessing the reliability of biomarkers of glutathione metabolism.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jul-16, Volume: 46, Issue: 4
2012
Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS): a new way for oral delivery of drugs with high solubility and low permeability.
International journal of pharmaceutics, May-16, Volume: 409, Issue: 1-2
2011
Integrated metabonomic analysis of bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity: novel induction of 5-oxoprolinosis.
Journal of proteome research, Volume: 5, Issue: 6
2006
Application of stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantitative determination of metadoxine in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Farmaco (Societa chimica italiana : 1989), Volume: 60, Issue: 4
2005
15alpha-hydroxytestosterone induction by GnRH I and GnRH III in Atlantic and Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.).
General and comparative endocrinology, Volume: 136, Issue: 2
2004
[Reproductive toxicity of metadoxine in rats].
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine], Volume: 37, Issue: 3
2003
Antagonistic control of fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules of Tenebrio molitor: effects of diuretic and antidiuretic peptides and their second messengers.
The Journal of experimental biology, Volume: 205, Issue: Pt 4
2002
Potencies of naturally-occurring AKH/RPCH peptides in Locusta migratoria in the acetate uptake assay in vitro and comparison with their potencies in the lipid mobilisation assay in vivo.
Acta biologica Hungarica, Volume: 51, Issue: 2-4
2000
Role of nitric oxide and septide-insensitive NK(1) receptors in bronchoconstriction induced by aerosolised neurokinin A in guinea-pigs.
British journal of pharmacology, Volume: 129, Issue: 5
2000
The pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics of Procysteine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Neurology, Apr-22, Volume: 52, Issue: 7
1999
Myelosuppressive changes from single or repeated doses of radioantibody therapy: effect of bone marrow transplantation, cytokines, and hematopoietic suppression.
Experimental hematology, Volume: 26, Issue: 9
1998
A phase I/II evaluation of oral L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Journal of clinical pharmacology, Volume: 38, Issue: 4
1998
Cellular signalling of PCH-induced pigment aggregation in the crustacean Macrobrachium potiuna erythrophores.
Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, Volume: 167, Issue: 8
1997
Protective effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate treatment on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats.
The Journal of urology, Volume: 157, Issue: 5
1997
Induction of 5-oxoprolinuria in the rat following chronic feeding with N-acetyl 4-aminophenol (paracetamol).
Biochemical pharmacology, Sep-01, Volume: 46, Issue: 5
1993
Toxicity evaluations of L-cysteine and Procysteine, a cysteine prodrug, given once intravenously to neonatal rats.
Toxicology letters, Volume: 69, Issue: 1
1993
The synthetic colon peptide pyroGlu-His-GlyOH inhibits growth of human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) transplanted subcutaneously into athymic mice.
Carcinogenesis, Volume: 14, Issue: 8
1993
A phase I/II trial of intravenous L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, Volume: 7, Issue: 4
1994
Pidotimod in the treatment of patients affected by bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Toxicological evaluation of pidotimod.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Protective effects of pidotimod against experimental bacterial infections in mice.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
Separation of oviposition-stimulating peptides and myotropic factors from head extracts of Galleria mellonella L.: comparative effects of myotropic and non-myotropic factors on egg laying.
Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, Volume: 165, Issue: 2
1995
Involvement of septide-sensitive tachykinin receptors in inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in the rat urinary bladder.
Peptides, Volume: 16, Issue: 4
1995
The ability of RX 77368 - a stabilised analogue of TRH - to provoke the secretion of prolactin and TSH in vivo.
Neuropeptides, Volume: 3, Issue: 1
1982
Is thyrotropin releasing hormone an endogenous ergotropic substance in the brain?
Lancet (London, England), Mar-14, Volume: 1, Issue: 8220 Pt 1
1981
Effects of cysteine pro-drugs on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 237, Issue: 1
1986
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly stimulates a biphasic secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells.
Endocrinology, Volume: 116, Issue: 1
1985
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone mediates naloxone's effects on serum luteinizing hormone levels in normal and morphine-sensitized male rats.
Life sciences, Aug-05, Volume: 37, Issue: 5
1985
Characterization and possible opioid modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid induced increases in serum luteinizing hormone levels in the developing male rat.
Life sciences, Volume: 42, Issue: 18
1988
Thyroid hormone modulation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TRH-Gly levels in the male rat reproductive system.
The Journal of endocrinology, Volume: 114, Issue: 2
1987
In vitro and in vivo TSH releasing activity of two new analogues of TRH.
Acta endocrinologica, Volume: 114, Issue: 2
1987
Ascorbic acid increases the thyrotropin-releasing hormone content of hypothalamic cell cultures.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Volume: 6, Issue: 6
1986
Serotonin depletion potentiates gastric secretory and motor responses to vagal but not peripheral gastric stimulants.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Volume: 251, Issue: 2
1989
An endogenous colon mitosis inhibitor reduces proliferation of colon carcinoma cells (HT 29) in serum-restricted medium.
Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology, Volume: 56, Issue: 6
1989
Further studies on the biological characteristics of an endogenous colon mitosis inhibitor: comparison with some structurally related peptides.
Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology, Volume: 56, Issue: 5
1989
A therapeutic trial with N-acetylcysteine in subjects with hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria).
Journal of inherited metabolic disease, Volume: 12, Issue: 2
1989
Effects of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a cysteine pro-drug, on teratogenicity of 5-fluorouracil in mice.
Hiroshima journal of medical sciences, Volume: 39, Issue: 3
1990
Biological effects of synthetic AKH in Manduca sexta and estimates of the amount of AKH in corpora cardiaca.
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology, Volume: 15, Issue: 2
1990
Effect of modulators of glutathione synthesis on the hepatotoxicity of 2-methylfuran.
Biochemical pharmacology, May-01, Volume: 41, Issue: 9
1991
The peptide pyroGlu-Gln-Gly-Ser-Asn, isolated from mouse liver, inhibits growth of rat hepatoma cells in vitro.
Carcinogenesis, Volume: 12, Issue: 2
1991
The synthetic hepatic peptides pyroglutamylglutamylglycylserylasparagine and pyroglutamylglutamylglycylserylaspartic acid inhibit growth of MH1C1 rat hepatoma cells transplanted into Buffalo rats or athymic mice.
Cancer research, Mar-01, Volume: 52, Issue: 5
1992
Bioavailability and activity of topical corticosteroids from a novel drug delivery system, the aerosol quick-break foam.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 66, Issue: 1
1977
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Interactions (5)

ArticleYear
[Effectiveness of pidotimod in combination with bacterial lysates in the treatment of the pfapa (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome].
Minerva pediatrica, Volume: 67, Issue: 3
2015
Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs).
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, Volume: 9, Issue: 4
2013
Phase I study of magnesium pidolate in combination with hydroxycarbamide for children with sickle cell anaemia.
British journal of haematology, Volume: 140, Issue: 1
2008
General pharmacology of pidotimod and testing for drug interactions.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 44, Issue: 12A
1994
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]