proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 123786 |
| CHEMBL ID | 295536 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 14050093 |
| MeSH ID | M0057896 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| proctolin |
| CHEMBL295536 |
| arg-tyr-leu-pro-thr |
| 57966-42-4 |
| (2s,3r)-2-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid |
| 100930-02-7 |
| l-threonine, n-(1-(n-(n-l-arginyl-l-tyrosyl)-l-leucyl)-l-prolyl)- |
| gut factor |
| arginyl-tyrosyl-leucyl-prolyl-threonyl |
| SCHEMBL14050093 |
| mfcd00076875 |
| proctolin (h-l-arg-l-tyr-l-leu-l-pro-l-thr-oh) |
| arg-tyr-leu-pro-thr acetate salt |
| HY-P0275 |
| l-arginyl-l-tyrosyl-l-leucyl-l-prolyl-l-threonine |
| (2s,3r)-2-((s)-1-((s)-2-((s)-2-((s)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamido)-4-methylpentanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid |
| MS-30952 |
| DTXSID80956793 |
| n-{[1-(n-{2-[(2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}leucyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}threonine |
| AKOS040764123 |
Proctolin is a pentapeptide (arg-tyr-leu-pro-thr) found in nervous tissues throughout the phylum Arthropoda. It is a potent selective inhibitor of aminoenkephalinase. Proctolin was discovered in the visceral muscles of the cockroach.
Proctolin has no detectable effect on muscle tension, nor does it alter the resting membrane potential of the muscle. Proctolin alone has no effect on these channels, but renders them capable of sustained activity following depolarization.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Proctolin alone has no effect on these channels, but renders them capable of sustained activity following depolarization." | ( Peptide cotransmitter potentiates calcium channel activity in crayfish skeletal muscle. Bishop, CA; Krouse, ME; Wine, JJ, 1991) | 1 |
| "Proctolin has been isolated from oviduct extracts of Leucophaea maderae by HPLC. " | ( Proctolin, its presence in and action on the oviduct of an insect. Cook, BJ; Holman, GM, 1985) | 3.15 |
| "Proctolin alone has no detectable effect on muscle tension, nor does it alter the resting membrane potential of the muscle." | ( Physiological consequences of a peptide cotransmitter in a crayfish nerve-muscle preparation. Bishop, CA; Nagy, F; O'Shea, MR; Wine, JJ, 1987) | 0.99 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Proctolin plays a modulatory role in a neuronal circuit controlling sexual behavior in these insects." | ( From molecule to sexual behavior: the role of the neuropentapeptide proctolin in acoustic communication in the male grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. Danalev, DL; Vezenkov, SR, 2009) | 1.31 |
Proctolin, L-glutamate, octopamine, leucokinin-VI and ecdysone may be involved in Galleria mellonella oviposition control. Only the novel wax moth neuropeptide has the ability to trigger egg laying in that insect.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The dose-response curves of myotropic and non-myotropic factors indicate that (i) proctolin, L-glutamate, octopamine, leucokinin-VI, leucopyrokinin, ecdysone and 20-hydroxy-ecdysone, or equivalent structures, might be involved in Galleria mellonella oviposition control, and (ii) that only the novel wax moth neuropeptide has the ability to trigger egg laying in that insect." | ( Separation of oviposition-stimulating peptides and myotropic factors from head extracts of Galleria mellonella L.: comparative effects of myotropic and non-myotropic factors on egg laying. Abdoun, K; Baudry-Partiaoglou, N; Cohen, P; Mesnier-Sabin, M; Nicolas, P, 1995) | 0.52 |
| " Interestingly, at these threshold doses the analogues were antagonists when applied along with proctolin, being capable of shifting the dose-response curve for proctolin an order of magnitude to the right." | ( Proctolin analogues and a proctolin metabolite as antagonist of the peptide proctolin. Lange, AB; Noronha, KF; Osborne, RH, 1997) | 1.96 |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID228723 | Biological activity for bradykinin potentiating pentapeptide as the logarithm of the relative activity index compared to the reference molecule (Val-Glu-Ser-Ser-Lys). | 1995 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14 | Amino acid side chain descriptors for quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of peptide analogues. |
| AID102343 | Myotropic effect was assessed in vitro, using an isometric muscle contraction bioassay employing isolated hindguts from the locust Locusta migratoria at 1 uM/L | 2002 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-17, Volume: 12, Issue:12 | Syntheses of depsipeptide analogues of the insect neuropeptide proctolin. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 83 (34.02) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 77 (31.56) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 62 (25.41) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 17 (6.97) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5 (2.05) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (27.67) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 10 (3.91%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 246 (96.09%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 8.79 | 11 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| choline [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| melatonin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| 2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | serotonergic agonist |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| caffeine [no description available] | 7.9 | 4 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. | 4.54 | 25 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; tyramines | neurotransmitter |
| oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine | antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 4.01 | 14 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| glycylglycine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | human metabolite |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| ecdysone [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid | prohormone |
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | nickel coordination entity | calcium channel blocker; hapten |
| vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| substance p [no description available] | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxine; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| 1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; tetrazole | |
| orotirelin orotirelin: increases dopamine release from rat brain | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leucyltyrosine leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| leucylleucine Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| phenylalanylleucine phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | plant metabolite |
| leucyl-alanine Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| biocytin biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thiabicycloalkane; ureas | mouse metabolite |
| tyrosylleucine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| Trp-Trp tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| glycyltryptophan glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylleucine Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | human metabolite; metabolite |
| alanylphenylalanine alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tryptophylglycine Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylaspartic acid glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| n-glycylglutamic acid N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| enkephalinamide-leu enkephalinamide-Leu: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histidylglycine histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| valylvaline valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| l-pyroglutamyl-l-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| morphiceptin morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginyl phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginyl phenylalaninamide: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 11/90; involved in transmitter release | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 2-octopamine 2-octopamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| acth (4-10) ACTH (4-10): part of ACTH molecule containing amino acids 4-10 of total 39 amino acid chain; heptapeptide common to MSH & ACTH; RN given refers to glycine cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)- [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| glycylglutamine glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite; protective agent |
| phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginyl-phenylalanine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide df2 neuropeptide DF2: an FMRFamide-related neuropeptide from crayfish, Procambarus clarkii | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phenylalanylarginine phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| aspartylglycine Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| prolyl-tyrosine prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| n-valyltryptophan N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leucopyrokinin leucopyrokinin: myotropic neuropeptide from Madeira cockroach Leucophaea maderae | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| leucomyosuppressin leucomyosuppressin: from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae; inhibits evoked transmitter release at the mealworm neuromuscular junction | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| locustakinin locustakinin: myotropic peptide from Locusta migratoria; amino acid sequence given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histidylleucine His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| locustatachykinin i protein, locusta migratoria locustatachykinin I protein, Locusta migratoria: amino acid sequence given in first source; from extracts of brain complexes of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria; exhibits sequence homologies with the vertebrate tachykinins | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| locustatachykinin iii protein, locusta migratoria locustatachykinin III protein, insect: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from locust Locusta migratoria | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neomyosuppressin neomyosuppressin: myoinhibiting neuropeptide from the grey fleshfly, Neobellieria bullata & Drosophila | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | tetrapeptide | EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor |
| ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor |
| h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide | |
| isoleucylvaline isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| Phe-Tyr Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| n-glycylalanine Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylvaline glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | human metabolite |
| glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycyllysine glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tnrnflrfamide TNRNFLRFamide: SCP (small cardioactive peptide)-like peptide found in lobster neurons; exhibits FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | ||
| allatostatin 1 allatostatin 1: inhibits juvenile hormone synthesis; from reproductively active females | 3.9 | 12 | 0 | ||
| ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid | animal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alanylalanine L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| achatin i achatin I: neuroexcitatory tetrapeptide from Achatina fulica Ferussac (African giant snail); achatin-I has D-Phe residue; achatin-II has L-Phe | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-aspartylalanine alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanyltyrosine Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| prolylglycine prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | |
| adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate | |
| phenylalanylglycine phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| leucyl-phenylalanine Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glutamylalanine Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glutaminyl-glycine Gln-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-glutamine and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| methionylglycine methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| phenylalanylphenylalanine Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion | human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| valylleucine valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| phenylalanyl-valine Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alanylglycine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| valyltyrosine valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| alpha-glutamyltryptophan Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| lysylglycine lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| glycylhistidine glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
| isoleucyl-tyrosine isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect. Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| prolylvaline Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| tynorphin tynorphin: a potent endogenous inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase III | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3) | 4.19 | 17 | 0 | ||
| schistoflrfamide SchistoFLRFamide: from the thoracic nervous system of the locust Schistocerca gregaria | 7.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide f neuropeptide F: amino acid sequence given in first source; MW 4433 Da; from tubellarian Artioposthia triangulata | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | ||
| peptide i peptide I: 15-amino acid sequence given in first source; part of a receptor for protein kinase C (RACK) | 8.51 | 1 | 0 | ||
| orcokinin orcokinin: amino acid sequence given in first source; a myotropic peptide isolated from the crayfish Orconectes limosus | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| peptide phi Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | organic lithium salt | fluorochrome |
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
| corazonin protein, insect corazonin protein, insect: cardioactive peptide; isolated from a variety of insects | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| allatotropin allatotropin: from cerebral or corpora cardiaca of locusts & moths | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | ||
| crustacean cardioactive peptide crustacean cardioactive peptide: cardioactive neuropeptide, from the nervous system of the shore crab carcinus maenas; do not confuse with CCAP (katacalcin), a calcitonin carboxyl-terminal flanking peptide | 3.76 | 10 | 0 | ||
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| 8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infections, Coronavirus [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE). | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 6.23 | 55 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |