mitochondrion

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. [GOC:giardia, ISBN:0198506732]

The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for the production of ATP, the primary energy source of the cell, through cellular respiration. The mitochondrion is composed of two main compartments: the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane. The outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth and permeable to small molecules. The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded into cristae, which increase its surface area and provide a large number of sites for ATP production. Between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes lies the intermembrane space, which is filled with a fluid that contains a high concentration of protons. The matrix is the space enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane. It contains a variety of enzymes, including those involved in the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism. The mitochondrion also contains its own DNA, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes some of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function. The mtDNA is located in the matrix. In addition to its role in energy production, the mitochondrion is also involved in a number of other cellular processes, including apoptosis, calcium signaling, and the synthesis of heme and steroids.'
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Proteins (336)

Compounds (6,197)