bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	135440063
CHEMBL ID	1231573
CHEBI ID	49537
SCHEMBL ID	17974376
MeSH ID	M0171847

Synonym
CHEMBL1231573 ,
9,9'-[(2r,3r,3as,5s,7ar,9r,10r,10as,12s,14ar)-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-5,12-dioxidooctahydro-2h,7h-difuro[3,2-d:3',2'-j][1,3,7,9,2,8]tetraoxadiphosphacyclododecine-2,9-diyl]bis(2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6h-purin-6-one)
c2e ,
bis-(3',5')-cyclic digmp
cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate
61093-23-0
3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid
3',5'-cyclic digmp
cdigmp
5GP-5GP ,
cyclic di-3',5'-guanylic acid
cyclic di-gmp
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
cyclic-bis(3'->5') dimeric gmp
c-di-gmp ,
CHEBI:49537 ,
cyclic-bis(3',5')diguanylic acid
cgpgp
bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate
9,9'-[(2r,3r,3as,7ar,9r,10r,10as,14ar)-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-5,12-dioxidooctahydro-2h,7h-difuro[3,2-d:3',2'-j][1,3,7,9,2,8]tetraoxadiphosphacyclododecine-2,9-diyl]bis(2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6h-purin-6-one)
cyclic diguanylic acid
guanylyl-(3'->5')-3'-guanylic acid, cyclic 3'->5'''-nucleotide
cyclic dinucleotide di-gmp
3',5'-cyclic di-gmp
c-(gpgp)
cyclic diguanylate
bdbm50436163
cyclic-di-gmp
CS-7977
HY-107780
SCHEMBL17974376
PKFDLKSEZWEFGL-MHARETSRSA-N
c-di-gmp; cyclic diguanosine monophosphate
EX-A6951
Q2649761
(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-8,17-bis(2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl)-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-dioxo-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.06,10]octadecane-9,18-diol
cyclicdiguanylate
2-amino-9-[(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-17-(2-amino-6-oxo-1h-purin-9-yl)-3,9,12,18-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.06,10]octadecan-8-yl]-1h-purin-6-one
DTXSID801027528
(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-8,17-bis(2-amino-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1h-purin-9-yl)-3,9,12,18-tetrahydroxy-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3,12-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.0,octadecane-3,12-dione
BP-58810
AKOS040732890
c-di-gmp (disodium)

Excerpt	Reference
" Whereas wild-type cells tolerated a sudden exposure to a toxic concentration of toluene, a tolR mutant strain or a strain overexpressing a diguanylate cyclase gene lost viability upon toluene shock."	( Degradation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate by a hybrid two-component protein protects Azoarcus sp. strain CIB from toluene toxicity. Baraquet, C; Blázquez, B; Díaz, E; Harwood, CS; Martín-Moldes, Z; Zamarro, MT, 2016)

Excerpt	Reference
" In this study, a murine model was used to compare sublingual administration with intranasal and intramuscular administration of influenza H5N1 virosomes (2 µg haemagglutinin; HA) in combination with the mucosal adjuvant (3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanylic acid (c-di-GMP)."	( Evaluation of the sublingual route for administration of influenza H5N1 virosomes in combination with the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP. Bredholt, G; Cox, RJ; Ebensen, T; Gjeraker, IH; Guzmán, CA; Pedersen, GK; Svindland, S, 2011)

Excerpt	Reference
" However, the bioavailability of iron is low due to its insolubility under aerobic conditions."	( The Iron Tug-of-War between Bacterial Siderophores and Innate Immunity. Golonka, R; Vijay-Kumar, M; Yeoh, BS, 2019)

Role	Description
immunomodulator	Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
signalling molecule	A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cyclic purine dinucleotide
guanyl ribonucleotide	A purine ribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Immune System	914	82
Innate Immune System	414	75
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA	47	12
STING mediated induction of host immune responses	16	6
IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN	13	4

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RocR	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	IC50 (µMol)	0.0200	0.0200	0.0200	0.0200	AID755392
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Kd	0.1100	0.0000	1.4225	3.5000	AID1575511
Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	40.0283	0.0058	1.3611	7.2000	AID1541395; AID1541396; AID1541397; AID1541399; AID1541400; AID1814337
Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	2.2075	0.0038	1.3131	5.2000	AID1546606; AID1575505; AID1575512; AID1861452
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein complex oligomerization	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagosome assembly	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of innate immune response	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macroautophagy	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type I interferon production	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interferon-beta production	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein complex oligomerization	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
reticulophagy	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
antiviral innate immune response	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cGAS/STING signaling pathway	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transport	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
proton channel activity	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclic-di-GMP binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling adaptor activity	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
Golgi membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagosome membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagosome	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisome	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
serine/threonine protein kinase complex	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
STING complex	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagosome	Stimulator of interferon genes protein	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1541407	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R71H/G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693330	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans NBRC13955 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693328	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC13275 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693329	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC13276 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID755394	Allosteric inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR using [32P]-GTP as substrate measured for 1 hr by thin layer chromatographic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1251971	Inhibition of Caulobacter crescentus PleD	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 58, Issue:20	Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Analogues of c-di-GMP and Their Interactions with Diguanylate Cyclase.
AID755388	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 PvrR using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541408	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R232H mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541401	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC-derived monocytes assessed as CD3-negative CD14 positive monocyte viability at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by Zombie-NIR staining-based flow cytometry relative to control	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755395	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1814341	Activation of human STING Q mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1546606	Binding affinity to wild type human STING (139 to 379 residues) by ITC assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-23, Volume: 63, Issue:8	Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective.
AID1814338	Activation of human STING HAQ mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1541394	Binding affinity to recombinant human wild-type STING assessed as change in melting temperature at 150 uM by SYPRO orange dye based differential scanning fluorimetric method	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575505	Binding affinity to human STING expressed in Escherichia coli by isothermal titration calorimetric method	2019	MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12	Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID1541403	Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of TNFalpha secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541387	Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of INFalpha secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541400	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693327	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541399	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1861452	Agonist activity at wild type human STING C-terminal domain (139 to 379 residues) assessed as dissociation constant by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Discovery of novel Thieno[2,3-d]imidazole derivatives as agonists of human STING for antitumor immunotherapy using systemic administration.
AID755393	Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1814337	Activation of wild-type human STING expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1693323	Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693326	Antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans NBRC13955 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541409	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541396	Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541398	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R232H mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755391	Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alg44 PilZ domain after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID755390	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 diguanylate cyclase PA1107 using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541406	Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541402	Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of INFgamma secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575511	Binding affinity to mouse C-terminal STING domain (139 to 378 residues) by isothermal titration calorimetric method	2019	MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12	Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID1814340	Activation of human STING QA mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1541411	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC-derived CD3-positive T cells assessed as effect on cell viability at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by Zombie-NIR staining-based flow cytometry	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575512	Binding affinity to human C-terminal STING domain (139 to 379 residues) by isothermal titration calorimetric method	2019	MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12	Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID755389	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 His6-tagged RocR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541405	Ratio of EC50 for recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells in absence of digitonin A to EC50 for recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells in presence of digitonin A	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755392	Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 His6-tagged RocR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541395	Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells incubated for 7 hrs in absence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541410	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1814339	Activation of human STING REF mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1693324	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC13275 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 6 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541397	Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R71H/G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23	Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693325	Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC13276 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32	Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (0.09)	18.7374
1990's	10 (0.91)	18.2507
2000's	129 (11.74)	29.6817
2010's	734 (66.79)	24.3611
2020's	225 (20.47)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.09%)	5.53%
Reviews	129 (11.60%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	982 (88.31%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetyl phosphate acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.	2.63	2	0	acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	2.59	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
curdlan D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.	2.07	1	0	hexose
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.15	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.53	2	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	aryl phosphate
carbamates [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino-acid anion
ureidosuccinic acid ureidosuccinic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-carbamoylaspartic acid : An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.	2.15	1	0	aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; N-carbamoyl-amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.04	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.21	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.31	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
glycine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.48	2	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	2.5	2	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
indole [no description available]	2.52	2	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.09	4	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.63	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.03	1	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.07	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
spermidine [no description available]	2.86	3	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.1	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.61	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.1	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.15	1	0
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.1	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.04	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.08	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenazine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.04	1	0
tyramine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
thymidine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	3.47	1	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
dipropylenetriame N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine: structure in first source	2.86	3	0	polyazaalkane	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.81	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	3.23	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.1	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.53	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.13	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.02	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.97	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.21	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.15	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.04	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.41	1	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.48	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.48	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.54	2	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	5.11	12	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	3.22	5	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
quinoline [no description available]	2.31	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.47	2	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.31	1	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
styrene oxide styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.15	1	0	epoxide	human xenobiotic metabolite
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.61	4	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
2,4-dinitroaniline 2,4-dinitroaniline : A nitroaniline consisting of an aniline core having two nitro substituents located at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.21	1	0	nitroaniline
3-chloroaniline 3-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.52	2	0
diethanolamine diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.	1.99	1	0	ethanolamines	human xenobiotic metabolite
triethylamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tertiary amine
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	1.97	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	3.23	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.08	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.17	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.15	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.55	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.03	1	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.15	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	2.17	1	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.13	1	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.1	1	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.41	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.34	6	0	bis(azo) compound
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.21	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	3.87	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.06	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.08	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	2.58	2	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	2.05	1	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	3.37	6	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	1.98	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.5	2	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.31	1	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.06	1	0	diatomic bromine
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.15	1	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.08	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	2.05	1	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.45	2	0	aluminium sulfate
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	tellurium oxoacid
fluorides [no description available]	2.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.11	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	2.25	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.81	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.08	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.79	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.72	4	0	acridines
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	2.21	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.08	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.63	2	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	4.8	9	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.98	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.13	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.5	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-3-aminodihydro-2(3h)-furanone N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-3-aminodihydro-2(3H)-furanone: cpd synthesized by luminous bacteria excreted into medium that induces luciferase synthesis at threshold concentration; structure in first source. N-(3-oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone : A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-oxohexanoic acid with the amino group of homoserine lactone.	3.73	2	0	N-acyl homoserine lactone; secondary carboxamide
ribavirin 5'-triphosphate ribavirin 5'-triphosphate: structure given in first source. ribavirin 5'-triphosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.	2.21	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide; ribose triphosphate	antiviral agent; drug metabolite; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.21	1	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	4.57	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribofuranosyl triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
8-hydroxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.1	1	0	carbodiimide
2-chloro-atp 2-chloro-ATP: new ATP analog; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure	2.21	1	0
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.74	3	0	phosphorothioic acid
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.07	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.04	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.41	1	0
arabinose [no description available]	3.76	2	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.13	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	3.18	5	0
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate xanthosine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; xanthosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.08	1	0	cellotriose
vibriobactin vibriobactin: siderophore (iron transport cpd) from Vibrio cholera; structure given in first source. vibriobactin : A catecholate siderophore produced exclusively by Vibrio cholerae. It contains three molecules of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate linked either directly or through L-threonine residues to the polyamine norspermidine.	2.15	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; secondary carboxamide	siderophore
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	2.06	1	0
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 N-butyrylhomoserine lactone: quorum sensing compound biosynthesized by LasI protein; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
pyochelin pyochelin: phenolic iron-binding cpd from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; promotes the growth of bacterium when added to iron-deficient media. pyochelin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A siderophore that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine) as a mixture of two easily interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor). The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.	2.55	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols; thiazolidines	metabolite; siderophore
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.21	1	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.15	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.48	2	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.58	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.27	1	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.15	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	3.13	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
6-thioinosine-5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organic molecule
diethylstilbestrol monophosphate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.81	3	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
homoserine lactone homoserine lactone: a putative signal for starvation in E. coli; structure in first source. homoserinium lactone : The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.. homoserine lactone : A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.	3.13	1	0	ammonium ion derivative; organic cation
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	4.24	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
2-dodecenoic acid 2-dodecenoic acid: structure in first source. trans-2-dodecenoic acid : The trans isomer of 2-dodecenoic acid.. 2-dodecenoic acid : A dodecenoic acid having its double bond at position 2.	3.05	4	0	2-dodecenoic acid
pyoverdin pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined	3.2	5	0
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.41	1	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.05	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.46	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.48	2	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
vx680 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.48	2	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.11	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
bambermycins Bambermycins: Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle.	2.66	2	0
terrein terrein: from culture solution of fungus, Pestilotiopsis microspora;structure in first source	2.17	1	0	polyol
thiazole orange thiazole orange: structure given in first source. thiazole orange : A cyanine dye comprising the thiazole orange cation [1-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]quinolinium] with the p-tosylate counterion.	2.06	1	0	cyanine dye	fluorochrome
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.5	2	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.55	2	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
bx795 BX795: structure in first source	3.31	1	0	ureas
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.08	1	0
6-thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	2.77	3	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
cyclic diadenosine phosphate cyclic di-AMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that is the 3',5'-cyclic dimer of AMP.	4.28	4	0	adenyl ribonucleotide; cyclic purine dinucleotide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
prolyl-proline Pro-Pro : A dipeptide formed from two L-proline residues.	3.25	1	0	dipeptide	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	2.11	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.58	2	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	5.88	29	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.41	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan [no description available]	2.55	2	0
aminoarabinose [no description available]	3.25	1	0
2-fluoro-araatp [no description available]	2.21	1	0
bacillaene bacillaene: an inhibitor of procaryotic protein synthesis; produced by the PksX megacomplex; isolated from Bacillus subtilis; a hexaene with molecular formula C35-H48-O7. bacillaene : A polyene antibiotic obtained from Bacillus subtilis 168 that is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria. It is notoriously unstable.	2.15	1	0	enamine; monocarboxylic acid amide; polyene antibiotic; polyketide; secondary alcohol	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycolipids [no description available]	3.2	5	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.51	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.46	2	0
mrt67307 MRT67307: IKK (IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)) kinase) family inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	aromatic amine
tropodithietic acid tropodithietic acid: structure in first source. tropodithietic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 8,9-dithiabicyclo[5.2.0]nona-1,3,6-triene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 3. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens that also acts as a signalling molecule at lower concentrations.	2.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; organic disulfide; organic heterobicyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.52	2	0
zeamine zeamine: from Dickeya zeae; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ysk05 YSK05: a pH-sensitive chemical for aiding in delivery of siRNA; structure in first source	2.51	2	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	3.6	8	0
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.21	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.02	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.11	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	3.66	2	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.07	1	0
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	2.04	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	16.21	1,082	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.15	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.	5.58	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	3.56	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	5.37	17	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	3.05	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	4.11	4	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	3.88	3	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	2.21	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2',3'-cyclic gmp 2',3'-cyclic GMP: was GUANOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE see GUANOSINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93; use CYCLIC GMP to search 1980-93. 2',3'-cyclic GMP : A 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which guanosine is used as the parent nucleoside.	2.21	1	0	2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite
deoxydiguanosine diphosphosphate 5'-d(pGpG)-3' : A single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide comprising two 2'-deoxyguanosine residues connected by a 3'->5 linkage and with a phosphoric group at the 5'-terminus.	2.79	3	0	5'-phospho-(3'->5')-dinucleotide; single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate c-GMP-AMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'-linkages.	4.97	5	0	adenyl ribonucleotide; cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide
8-hydroxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) [no description available]	2.21	1	0
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate 2'-3'-cGAMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.	6.73	16	0	adenyl ribonucleotide; cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide
gpgp GpGp: cpd is guanosine monophosphate dimer	2.41	2	0
3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.96	4	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.48	4	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.17	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.48	4	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	5.56	24	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	5.56	24	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	5.84	7	1
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	5.84	7	1
Brucella Infection [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	3.05	4	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.58	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.81	6	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.81	6	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	2.61	2	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.53	2	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.71	26	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	2.58	2	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.41	1	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.41	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	5.09	6	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	5.09	6	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	5.21	10	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	5.21	10	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.69	2	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.21	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	3.24	5	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.21	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.21	1	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	2.25	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.81	3	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.83	3	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.81	3	0
Bacterial Zoonoses Bacterial infections that may be transmitted between non-human animals and HUMANS.	2.25	1	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	3.71	9	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	3.71	9	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	3.01	4	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	3.01	4	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.25	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.31	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.31	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.31	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.47	2	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	3.47	2	0
Alternariosis Opportunistic fungal infection by a member of ALTERNARIA genus.	2.31	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.31	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.15	1	0
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	2.15	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	3.17	5	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	4.2	3	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	4.2	3	0
Black Death [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	3.18	5	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	3.9	2	1
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	3.9	2	1
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.15	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	3.36	6	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	3.36	6	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.52	2	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	3.06	1	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.17	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Escherichia coli Meningitis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	3.12	1	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.08	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.08	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	3.67	3	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.51	2	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	2.1	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.1	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.1	1	0
Gasser Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.	2.1	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.69	3	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.69	3	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.11	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.11	1	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.11	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.13	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	5.28	6	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	5.28	6	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Bordetella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.	2.54	2	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	2.8	3	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	3.06	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	3.06	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.06	1	0
Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.	2.13	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	3.04	1	0
Borrelia hermsii Infection [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2.45	2	0
Anaplasma Infection [description not available]	2.45	2	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.73	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.42	2	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	2.98	1	0
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.06	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.47	2	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.06	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.07	1	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.02	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.02	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.02	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.03	1	0

bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (5)

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (24)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (16)

Bioassays (45)

Research

Studies (1,099)

Study Types

bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid

Cross-References

Synonyms (43)

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (5)

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (24)

Molecular Functions (10)

Ceullar Components (16)

Bioassays (45)

Research

Studies (1,099)

Study Types

Related Drugs (214)

Related Conditions (152)