Compounds > bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
Page last updated: 2024-08-04 04:46:49

bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid

Description

c-di-GMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that is the 3',5'-cyclic dimer of MP. [CHeBI]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135440063
CHEMBL ID1231573
SCHEMBL ID17974376
CHEBI ID49537
MeSH IDM0171847

Synonyms (43)

Synonym
CHEMBL1231573 ,
9,9'-[(2r,3r,3as,5s,7ar,9r,10r,10as,12s,14ar)-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-5,12-dioxidooctahydro-2h,7h-difuro[3,2-d:3',2'-j][1,3,7,9,2,8]tetraoxadiphosphacyclododecine-2,9-diyl]bis(2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6h-purin-6-one)
c2e ,
bis-(3',5')-cyclic digmp
cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate
61093-23-0
3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid
3',5'-cyclic digmp
cdigmp
5GP-5GP ,
cyclic di-3',5'-guanylic acid
cyclic di-gmp
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
cyclic-bis(3'->5') dimeric gmp
c-di-gmp ,
CHEBI:49537 ,
cyclic-bis(3',5')diguanylic acid
cgpgp
bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate
9,9'-[(2r,3r,3as,7ar,9r,10r,10as,14ar)-3,5,10,12-tetrahydroxy-5,12-dioxidooctahydro-2h,7h-difuro[3,2-d:3',2'-j][1,3,7,9,2,8]tetraoxadiphosphacyclododecine-2,9-diyl]bis(2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6h-purin-6-one)
cyclic diguanylic acid
guanylyl-(3'->5')-3'-guanylic acid, cyclic 3'->5'''-nucleotide
cyclic dinucleotide di-gmp
3',5'-cyclic di-gmp
c-(gpgp)
cyclic diguanylate
bdbm50436163
cyclic-di-gmp
CS-7977
HY-107780
SCHEMBL17974376
PKFDLKSEZWEFGL-MHARETSRSA-N
c-di-gmp; cyclic diguanosine monophosphate
EX-A6951
Q2649761
(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-8,17-bis(2-amino-6-hydroxypurin-9-yl)-3,12-dihydroxy-3,12-dioxo-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.06,10]octadecane-9,18-diol
cyclicdiguanylate
2-amino-9-[(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-17-(2-amino-6-oxo-1h-purin-9-yl)-3,9,12,18-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3lambda5,12lambda5-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.06,10]octadecan-8-yl]-1h-purin-6-one
DTXSID801027528
(1s,6r,8r,9r,10s,15r,17r,18r)-8,17-bis(2-amino-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1h-purin-9-yl)-3,9,12,18-tetrahydroxy-2,4,7,11,13,16-hexaoxa-3,12-diphosphatricyclo[13.3.0.0,octadecane-3,12-dione
BP-58810
AKOS040732890
c-di-gmp (disodium)

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
immunomodulatorBiologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
signalling moleculeA molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
cyclic purine dinucleotide
guanyl ribonucleotideA purine ribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.

Pathways (5)

bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid is involved in 5 pathway(s), involving a total of 1404 unique proteins and 179 unique compounds

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Immune System91482
Innate Immune System41475
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA4712
STING mediated induction of host immune responses166
IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN134

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
RocRPseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1IC500.0200AID755392

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinMus musculus (house mouse)Kd0.1100AID1575511
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinHomo sapiens (human)EC5040.0283AID1541395; AID1541396; AID1541397; AID1541399; AID1541400; AID1814337
Stimulator of interferon genes proteinHomo sapiens (human)Kd2.2075AID1546606; AID1575505; AID1575512; AID1861452

Bioassays (45)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1541407Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R71H/G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693330Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans NBRC13955 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693328Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC13275 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693329Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC13276 assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID755394Allosteric inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR using [32P]-GTP as substrate measured for 1 hr by thin layer chromatographic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1251971Inhibition of Caulobacter crescentus PleD2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 58, Issue:20
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Analogues of c-di-GMP and Their Interactions with Diguanylate Cyclase.
AID755388Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 PvrR using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541408Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R232H mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541401Cytotoxicity against human PBMC-derived monocytes assessed as CD3-negative CD14 positive monocyte viability at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by Zombie-NIR staining-based flow cytometry relative to control2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755395Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1814341Activation of human STING Q mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1546606Binding affinity to wild type human STING (139 to 379 residues) by ITC assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-23, Volume: 63, Issue:8
ISSN: 1520-4804		Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective.
AID1814338Activation of human STING HAQ mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1541394Binding affinity to recombinant human wild-type STING assessed as change in melting temperature at 150 uM by SYPRO orange dye based differential scanning fluorimetric method2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575505Binding affinity to human STING expressed in Escherichia coli by isothermal titration calorimetric method2019MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12
ISSN: 2040-2511		Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID1541403Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of TNFalpha secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541387Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of INFalpha secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541400Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693327Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha assessed as bacterial cell density at 500 uM relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541399Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1861452Agonist activity at wild type human STING C-terminal domain (139 to 379 residues) assessed as dissociation constant by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238ISSN: 1768-3254Discovery of novel Thieno[2,3-d]imidazole derivatives as agonists of human STING for antitumor immunotherapy using systemic administration.
AID755393Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa WspR after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1814337Activation of wild-type human STING expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1693323Antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1693326Antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans NBRC13955 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541409Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541396Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541398Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R232H mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755391Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alg44 PilZ domain after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID755390Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 diguanylate cyclase PA1107 using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541406Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541402Activation of STING in human PBMC assessed as induction of INFgamma secretion at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by ProcartaPlex assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575511Binding affinity to mouse C-terminal STING domain (139 to 378 residues) by isothermal titration calorimetric method2019MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12
ISSN: 2040-2511		Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID1814340Activation of human STING QA mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1541411Cytotoxicity against human PBMC-derived CD3-positive T cells assessed as effect on cell viability at 12.5 uM incubated for 16 hrs by Zombie-NIR staining-based flow cytometry2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1575512Binding affinity to human C-terminal STING domain (139 to 379 residues) by isothermal titration calorimetric method2019MedChemComm, Dec-01, Volume: 10, Issue:12
ISSN: 2040-2511		Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
AID755389Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 His6-tagged RocR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using [32P]-GTP as substrate at 100 uM after 120 mins by thin layer chromatographic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541405Ratio of EC50 for recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells in absence of digitonin A to EC50 for recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells in presence of digitonin A2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID755392Competitive binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 His6-tagged RocR expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after 5 mins in presence of [32P]-c-di-GMP2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14
ISSN: 1464-3391		Potent suppression of c-di-GMP synthesis via I-site allosteric inhibition of diguanylate cyclases with 2'-F-c-di-GMP.
AID1541395Activation of recombinant human wild-type STING expressed in 293T cells incubated for 7 hrs in absence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1541410Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to 2'3'cGAMP2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1814339Activation of human STING REF mutant expressed in digitonin treated HEK293T cells co-expressing IRF3-activated ISRE assessed as IRF3 reporter activation by luciferase reporter gene assay2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-10, Volume: 64, Issue:11
ISSN: 1520-4804		Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphoester and Phosphorothioate Prodrugs of STING Agonist 3',3'-c-Di(2'F,2'dAMP).
AID1693324Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC13275 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 6 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.
AID1541397Activation of recombinant human STING haplotype R71H/G230A/R293Q mutant expressed in 293T cells measured after 30 mins in presence of digitonin A by bright Glo-luciferase reporter gene assay2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-12, Volume: 62, Issue:23
ISSN: 1520-4804		Enzymatic Preparation of 2'-5',3'-5'-Cyclic Dinucleotides, Their Binding Properties to Stimulator of Interferon Genes Adaptor Protein, and Structure/Activity Correlations.
AID1693325Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus NBRC13276 assessed as inhibition of biofilm formation at 500 uM incubated for 24 hrs by crystal violet staining based microtiter plate reader assay relative to control2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 32ISSN: 1464-3405Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors.

Research

Studies (1,099)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (0.09)18.7374
1990's10 (0.91)18.2507
2000's129 (11.74)29.6817
2010's734 (66.79)24.3611
2020's225 (20.47)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.09%)5.53%
Reviews129 (11.60%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other982 (88.31%)84.16%
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
cyclic diadenosine phosphate
0
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite00low000000
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
0
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		00low000000
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
0
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		00low000000
cyclic gmp
0
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		00low000000
guanylyl-(3',5')-cytidine
0
(3'->5')-dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		00low000000
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
theophylline
0
dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent		00low000000
miltefosine
0
phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor		00low000000
hydroxyurea
0
one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent		00low000000
glycyrrhetinic acid
0
cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite		00low000000
d-alpha tocopherol
0
alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite		00low000000
levamisole
0
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator		00low000000
tepoxalin
0
aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		antipyretic;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug		00low000000
nicotine
0
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic		00low000000
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
0
dipeptideangiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite		00low000000
pomalidomide
0
aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator		00low000000
birb 796
0
aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator		00low000000
salvigenin
0
monohydroxyflavone;
trimethoxyflavone		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
autophagy inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite		00low000000
lenalidomide
0
aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator		00low000000
solasodine
0
alkaloid antibiotic;
azaspiro compound;
hemiaminal ether;
oxaspiro compound;
sapogenin;
steroid alkaloid		anticonvulsant;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antipyretic;
antispermatogenic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cardiotonic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
diuretic;
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite;
teratogenic agent		00low000000
lisofylline
0
1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dioneanti-inflammatory agent;
immunomodulator		00low000000
dimethyl fumarate
0
diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator		00low000000
curcumin
0
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger		00low000000
bigelovin
0
acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite		00low000000
luteolin
0
3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist		00low000000
calcitriol
0
D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical		00low000000
irilone
0
hydroxyisoflavone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite		00low000000
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
0
alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent		00low000000
5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
0
oxoicosatetraenoic acidhuman metabolite;
immunomodulator;
mouse metabolite		00low000000
su 11248
0
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist		00low000000
monomethyl fumarate
0
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antioxidant;
drug metabolite;
immunomodulator		00low000000
lespenefril
0
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
immunomodulator;
plant metabolite		00low000000
gamma-aminobutyric acid
0
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
carbon monoxide
0
carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent		00low000000
hydrogen sulfide
0
gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent		00low000000
s-nitrosoglutathione
0
glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule		00low000000
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
0
dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
naadp
0
nicotinic acid dinucleotidecalcium channel agonist;
metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-)-1-pentanone
0
dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
my 12-62c
0
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
iron chelator;
metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
tretinoin
0
retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule		00low000000
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone
0
quinolonesignalling molecule00low000000
cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphate
0
3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotidebacterial metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
sphingosine 1-phosphate
0
sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent		00low000000
arachidonoylserotonin
0
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
tropodithietic acid
0
cyclic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic disulfide;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin		00low000000
8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
0
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
C-nitro compound		biomarker;
Brassica napus metabolite;
human metabolite;
signalling molecule		00low000000
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone
3
acridines201920223.7low000021
ribavirin 5'-triphosphate
1
1-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide;
ribose triphosphate		antiviral agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite		201920195.0low000010
vadimezan
3
monocarboxylic acid;
xanthones		antineoplastic agent201920223.7low000021
5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribofuranosyl triphosphate
1
201920195.0medium000010
8-hydroxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate
1
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate201920195.0medium000010
2-chloro-atp
1
201920195.0low000010
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate
1
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
xanthosine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201920195.0low000010
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
1
201920195.0low000010
6-thioinosine-5'-triphosphate
1
organic molecule201920195.0medium000010
mangostin
2
aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite		201920204.5low000020
vx680
1
N-arylpiperazine201920195.0low000010
bx795
1
ureas201920195.0low000010
6-thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate
1
201920195.0low000010
cyclic diadenosine phosphate
4
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite201920223.8high000022
2-fluoro-araatp
1
201920195.0low000010
mrt67307
1
aromatic amine201920195.0low000010
inosine triphosphate
1
inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201920195.0low000010
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
5
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		201920223.8high000032
8-hydroxyguanosine triphosphate
1
201920195.0low000010
guanosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate)
1
201920195.0low000010
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
4
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		201920224.0low000031
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
acetyl phosphate
2
acyl monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201620234.5low000011
adenine
2
6-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201820195.5low000020
curdlan
1
hexose2012201212.0low000010
ammonium hydroxide
1
azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant		201720177.0low000010
anthranilic acid
2
aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201520178.0low000020
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate
1
aryl phosphate2012201212.0low000010
carbamates
1
amino-acid anion2008200816.0low000100
ureidosuccinic acid
1
aspartic acid derivative;
C4-dicarboxylic acid;
N-carbamoyl-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201720177.0low000010
carbon monoxide
1
carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent		2008200816.0low000100
citric acid, anhydrous
1
tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite		201920195.0low000010
dimethyl sulfoxide
1
sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger		202120213.0low000001
glycine
1
alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical		201720177.0low000010
glycerol
2
alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent		2011201312.0low000020
hydrogen carbonate
2
carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2014201410.0low000020
indole
2
indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite201520159.0low000020
nitrates
4
monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		201520216.0low000022
nitrites
2
monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite201720224.5low000011
purine
1
purine2007200717.0low000100
putrescine
1
alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite		202220222.0low000001
pyridine
1
azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound		2012201212.0low000010
spermidine
3
polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector		201420226.3low000021
spermine
1
polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent		201720177.0low000010
toluene
1
methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent		201620168.0low000010
urea
1
isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2014201410.0low000010
azathioprine
1
aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug		2013201311.0low000010
ciprofloxacin
2
aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic		201720215.0low000011
ebselen
1
benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger		2014201410.0low000010
gentamicin
1
201720177.0low000010
guanidine
1
carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound		2014201410.0low000010
hydroxyurea
1
one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent		2008200816.0low000100
quinone
1
1,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
phenazine
1
azaarene;
heteranthrene;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
phenazines;
polycyclic heteroarene		201720177.0low000010
protoporphyrin ix
1
2008200816.0low000100
tyramine
1
monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		201620168.0low000010
thymidine
2
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1995199927.0low002000
penicillin g
1
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope		2013201311.0low100010
dipropylenetriame
3
polyazaalkanealgal metabolite;
plant metabolite		201420226.3low000021
alanine
1
alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite		2013201311.0low000010
serine
1
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2009200915.0low000100
aspartic acid
3
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter		201320178.7low000030
lysine
1
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201620168.0low000010
sucrose
1
glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent		2014201410.0low000010
adenosine diphosphate
2
adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite		201220208.0low000020
carbostyril
1
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite2006200618.0low000100
edetic acid
1
ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector		2005200519.0low000100
tyrosine
4
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical		2009201214.0low000310
methylene blue
1
organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer		201920195.0low000010
uridine triphosphate
1
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201720177.0low000010
methionine
1
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical		2008200816.0low000100
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1
202220222.0low000001
phenylalanine
2
amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2008201612.0low000110
histidine
2
amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2011201312.0low000020
threonine
1
amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2009200915.0low000100
tryptophan
2
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201620177.5low000020
arginine
12
arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical		200820227.6low000273
dichloroacetic acid
1
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite		2012201212.0low000010
pyocyanine
5
iminium betaine;
phenazines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
biological pigment;
virulence factor		200920188.6low000140
quinoline
1
azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines		202120213.0low000001
proflavine
2
aminoacridinesantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
chromophore;
intercalator		2011201212.5low000020
benzothiazole
1
benzothiazolesenvironmental contaminant;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic		202120213.0low000001
styrene oxide
1
epoxidehuman xenobiotic metabolite201720177.0low000010
4-butyrolactone
4
butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin		2006202011.0low000220
2,4-dinitroaniline
1
nitroaniline201920195.0low000010
3-chloroaniline
2
201520168.5low000020
diethanolamine
1
ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite1997199727.0low001000
triethylamine
1
tertiary amine2012201212.0low000010
uridine diphosphate glucose
1
UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite1990199034.0low001000
thiamine pyrophosphate
1
organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1		201620168.0low000010
acridines
1
acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin2013201311.0low000010
cyclopentane
1
cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent201820186.0low000010
oxazoles
1
1,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		201720177.0low000010
thiazoles
2
1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		201420207.0low000020
pyrimidine
1
diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite2007200717.0low000100
2-aminopurine
1
2-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite201720177.0low000010
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
1
acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201820186.0low000010
gluconic acid
1
gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite		201620168.0low000010
copper gluconate
1
organic molecular entity201620168.0low000010
tropolone
1
alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin		2014201410.0low000010
gentian violet
1
organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye		202220222.0low000001
congo red
6
bis(azo) compound2010201710.7low000240
erythromycin
1
cyclic ketone;
erythromycin		201920195.0low000010
homoserine
3
amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2006201611.3low000120
ethylnitrosourea
1
N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen		2011201113.0low000010
selenomethionine
1
selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite2009200915.0low000100
paraquat
1
organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide		2013201311.0low000010
mannose
2
D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite201320236.0low000011
diadenosine tetraphosphate
1
diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2010201014.0low000100
manganese
6
elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient		200820238.7low000141
platinum
1
elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom		1993199331.0low001000
acetylglucosamine
2
N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope2011201710.0low000020
hypochlorous acid
1
chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite		202120213.0low000001
bromine
1
diatomic bromine2011201113.0low000010
copper sulfate
1
metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser		201720177.0low000010
fluorine
1
diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound2013201311.0low000010
beryllium fluoride
1
beryllium molecular entity;
fluoride salt		2009200915.0low000100
aluminum sulfate
2
aluminium sulfate2008200915.5low000200
tellurous acid
1
tellurium oxoacid201520159.0low000010
fluorides
1
halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine		2009200915.0low000100
phenyl acetate
1
benzenes;
phenyl acetates		201520159.0low000010
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
1
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist		202020204.0low000010
glutamic acid
3
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical		201420178.3low000030
azides
1
pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor2013201311.0low000010
tobramycin
3
amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin		200520219.7low000111
10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone
1
acridines2013201311.0low000010
phosphoramidic acid
1
phosphoric acid derivative201920195.0low000010
1h-tetrazole
1
one-carbon compound;
tetrazole		2013201311.0low000010
glycidyl nitrate
2
201520178.0low000020
glucuronic acid
9
D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite2007201710.4low000360
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
1
202020204.0low000010
cobalt
1
cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient1993199331.0low001000
vitamin b 6
1
201620168.0low000010
imipenem, anhydrous
2
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug2014201410.0low000020
n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-3-aminodihydro-2(3h)-furanone
2
N-acyl homoserine lactone;
secondary carboxamide		201920204.5low000020
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1
dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule		201520159.0low000010
proline
1
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201820186.0low000010
carbodiimides
1
carbodiimide2014201410.0low000010
thiophosphoric acid
3
phosphorothioic acid2008201015.0low000300
biotin
1
biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2012201212.0low000010
organophosphonates
1
divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion		2008200816.0low000100
glycogen
1
202220222.0low000001
arabinose
2
L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		201720234.0low000011
raffinose
1
raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201620168.0low000010
epiglucan
5
2009201711.4low000140
cellulase
1
cellotriose2013201311.0low000010
vibriobactin
1
1,3-oxazoles;
secondary carboxamide		siderophore201720177.0low000010
acriflavine
1
2011201113.0low000010
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
1
N-acyl-amino acid2007200717.0low000100
pyochelin
2
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
thiazolidines		metabolite;
siderophore		201420207.0low000020
acetyl coenzyme a
1
acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite		201920195.0low000010
zithromax
1
macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic		201720177.0low000010
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
2
flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group		2009201611.5low000110
isopropyl thiogalactoside
2
S-glycosyl compound201520216.0low000011
sesquiterpenes
1
201820186.0low000010
ethionamide
1
pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug		201720177.0low000010
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone
1
quinolonesignalling molecule2006200618.0low000100
diethylstilbestrol monophosphate
1
202320231.0low000001
ovalbumin
3
201420188.7low000030
sodium dodecyl sulfate
1
organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant		2007200717.0low000100
homoserine lactone
1
ammonium ion derivative;
organic cation		2006200618.0low000100
2-dodecenoic acid
4
2-dodecenoic acid201220197.8medium000040
pyoverdin
5
200920209.6low000140
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1
phosphatidylcholine(1+)202220222.0low000001
beryllium
1
alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope		2009200915.0low000100
cysteine
2
cysteiniumfundamental metabolite2010201113.5low000110
phosphorus
2
monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient2009201611.5low000110
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
1
2012201212.0low000010
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28
2
2010201412.0low000110
tellurium
1
chalcogen;
metalloid atom		201520159.0low000010
bambermycins
2
202020204.0low000020
terrein
1
polyol201820186.0low000010
thiazole orange
1
cyanine dyefluorochrome2011201113.0low000010
mocetinostat
2
aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent		2012201610.0low000020
lipid a
2
dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite201520197.0low000020
phosphoramidite
1
2013201311.0low000010
ribose
3
D-ribose;
ribopyranose		2011201312.0low000030
prolyl-proline
1
dipeptidehuman urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite		201720177.0low000010
n-acetylmannosamine
1
201520159.0low000010
oligonucleotides
2
201520216.0low000011
cellulose
29
glycoside1989202112.3low0126191
phosphatidylcholines
1
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine202220222.0low000001
chitosan
2
201320217.0low000011
aminoarabinose
1
201720177.0low000010
bacillaene
1
enamine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
polyene antibiotic;
polyketide;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite		201720177.0low000010
glycolipids
5
200920209.8low000230
piperidines
2
201420159.5low000020
interleukin-8
2
2010201113.5low000110
tropodithietic acid
1
cyclic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic disulfide;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin		2014201410.0low000010
colistin
2
201320179.0low000020
zeamine
1
201620168.0low000010
ysk05
2
201420159.5medium000020
heme
8
2008202110.2low000251
tetracycline
1
201920195.0low000010
epidermal growth factor
1
2005200519.0low000100
transforming growth factor beta
1
201520159.0low000010
agar
2
201320226.5low000011
nitrophenols
1
2012201212.0low000010
cobamamide
1
2008200816.0low000100
cyclic gmp
1,082
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		198920249.1high1110176756139
deoxyguanosine
1
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201720177.0low000010
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
1
deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201520159.0low000010
guanosine diphosphate
1
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor		201720177.0low000010
guanosine pentaphosphate
8
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
guanosine bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		200920237.9low000152
guanosine monophosphate
8
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite		1990202213.6low001241
guanosine triphosphate
17
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor		1989202312.1low011483
guanine
4
2-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		201020217.5low000121
guanosine
4
guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite200620209.8low000130
guanosine tetraphosphate
3
guanosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite		2009201710.3low000120
inosine
1
inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		2006200618.0low000100
2',3'-cyclic gmp
1
2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite201920195.0low000010
deoxydiguanosine diphosphosphate
3
5'-phospho-(3'->5')-dinucleotide;
single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite2012201510.0high000030
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate
1
201520159.0low000010
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
12
adenyl ribonucleotide;
cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		201320215.8low0000102
gpgp
2
1990201322.5high001010
3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone
1
202120213.0low000001
phosphorus radioisotopes
4
1989201715.0low010030
ConditionIndicatedStudiesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
Abscess0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Acinetobacter Infections0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Acute Lung Injury0
1
201520159.0low000010
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia0
1
201720177.0low000010
Aging0
1
202020204.0low000010
Alternariosis0
1
202120213.0low000001
Anaplasma Infection0
2
2009200915.0low000200
Anoxemia0
2
201020228.0low000101
Astrocytoma, Grade IV0
1
202120213.0low000001
Autoimmune Diabetes0
1
201920195.0low000010
Autoimmune Disease0
1
202020204.0low000010
Autoimmune Diseases0
1
202020204.0low000010
Avian Diseases0
1
201720177.0low000010
B cepacia Infection0
4
201120199.0low000040
B. burgdorferi Infection0
10
201020238.5low000172
B16 Melanoma0
5
201520197.2low000050
Bacterial Disease0
6
2009201711.5low000240
Bacterial Infections0
6
2009201711.5low000240
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative0
4
2011202010.2low000040
Bacterial Pneumonia0
5
2006201812.4low000320
Bacterial Skin Diseases0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Bacterial Zoonoses0
1
202020204.0low000010
Benign Neoplasms0
4
201420226.0low000031
Benign Neoplasms, Brain0
1
202120213.0low000001
Black Death0
5
2011201710.8low000050
Bladder Cancer0
1
201620168.0low000010
Bordetella Infections0
2
201620177.5low000020
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory0
2
201420226.0low000011
Borrelia hermsii Infection0
1
201620168.0low000010
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory0
1
201720177.0low000010
Brain Neoplasms0
1
202120213.0low000001
Breast Cancer0
2
201420226.0low000011
Breast Neoplasms0
2
201420226.0low000011
Brucella Infection0
4
201120217.5low000031
Brucellosis0
4
201120217.5low000031
Burns0
1
202220222.0low000001
Cancer of Colon0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Cancer of Pancreas0
1
201720177.0low000010
Cancer of Skin0
1
201520159.0low000010
Candida Infection0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Candidiasis0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic0
1
201720177.0low000010
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal0
1
201720177.0low000010
Caries, Dental0
1
2012201212.0low000010
Catheter-Associated Infections0
2
2012201610.0low000020
Cholera0
9
200720219.4low000351
Chronic Disease0
3
2011201511.0low000030
Chronic Illness0
3
2011201511.0low000030
Clostridioides difficile Infection0
7
201120217.0low100052
Clostridium Infections0
7
201120217.0low100052
Colonic Neoplasms0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Community Acquired Infection0
1
2012201212.0low000010
Cronobacter Infections0
2
201620225.0low000011
Cross Infection0
3
201220178.7low000030
Cystic Fibrosis0
6
200920227.8low000132
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas0
6
200920227.8low000132
Dental Caries0
1
2012201212.0low000010
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 10
1
201920195.0low000010
Diarrhea0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Disbacteriosis0
1
201720177.0low000010
Disease Models, Animal0
26
200720229.1low0002222
Disease, Pulmonary0
2
201320217.0low000011
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes0
1
201720177.0low000010
E chaffeensis Infection0
2
2009200915.0low000200
E coli Infections0
6
201320199.2low000060
Enteritis0
2
201320179.0low100020
Enterobacteriaceae Infections0
2
201620225.0low000011
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer0
1
201920195.0low000010
Escherichia coli Infections0
6
201320199.2low000060
Escherichia coli Meningitis0
1
201920195.0low000010
Experimental Lung Inflammation0
1
202120213.0low000001
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms0
2
201420197.5low000020
Gasser Syndrome0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Genome Instability0
1
201520159.0low000010
Glial Cell Tumors0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Glioblastoma0
1
202120213.0low000001
Glioma0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections0
4
2011202010.2low000040
Granuloma0
1
201820186.0low000010
Granulomas0
1
201820186.0low000010
Group A Strep Infection0
1
201920195.0low000010
Health Care Associated Infection0
3
201220178.7low000030
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Herpes Simplex0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection0
1
2014201410.0low000010
Hypoxia0
2
201020228.0low000101
Infections, Klebsiella0
3
2007201313.3low000120
Infections, Legionella pneumophila0
3
201120199.3low000030
Infections, Listeria0
3
201120189.7low000030
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae0
3
201120208.7low000030
Infections, Pneumococcal0
2
2008200915.5low000200
Infections, Prosthesis-Related0
1
201620168.0low000010
Infections, Pseudomonas0
24
200620228.8low0005172
Infections, Respiratory0
3
201120179.3low000030
Infections, Salmonella0
1
202020204.0low000010
Infections, Staphylococcal0
3
2005200917.0low000300
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin0
1
202220222.0low000001
Infections, Vibrio0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Infections, Yersinia0
1
201920195.0low000010
Inflammation0
6
200820216.2low000123
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases0
1
201720177.0low000010
Innate Inflammatory Response0
6
200820216.2low000123
Keratitis0
1
201720177.0low000010
Klebsiella Infections0
3
2007201313.3low000120
Koch's Disease0
2
201820233.5low000011
Latent Tuberculosis0
1
201620168.0low000010
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute0
1
201720177.0low000010
Lung Diseases0
2
201320217.0low000011
Lung Injury, Acute0
1
201520159.0low000010
Lyme Disease0
10
201020238.5low000172
Mastitis, Bovine0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Metastase0
1
201520159.0low000010
Middle Ear Inflammation0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Myelodysplastic Syndromes0
1
201720177.0low000010
Neoplasm Metastasis0
1
201520159.0low000010
Neoplasms0
4
201420226.0low000031
Neuroblastoma0
1
2005200519.0low000100
Opportunistic Infections0
3
201320207.3low000030
Orthomyxoviridae Infections0
3
201120208.7low000030
Otitis Media0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Pancreatic Neoplasms0
1
201720177.0low000010
Parodontosis0
1
202120213.0low000001
Periodontal Diseases0
1
202120213.0low000001
Periodontal Pocket0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Plague0
5
2011201710.8low000050
Pneumococcal Infections0
2
2008200915.5low000200
Pneumonia0
1
202120213.0low000001
Pneumonia, Bacterial0
5
2006201812.4low000320
Pocket, Periodontal0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Poultry Diseases0
2
201320179.0low100020
Pseudomonas Infections0
24
200620228.8low0005172
Pulmonary Consumption0
2
201320169.5low000020
Respiratory Tract Infections0
3
201120179.3low000030
Rodent Diseases0
2
2011201113.0low000020
Salmonella Infections, Animal0
3
201020208.7low000120
Sensitivity and Specificity0
2
1995201021.5low001100
Skin Diseases, Bacterial0
1
2013201311.0low000010
Skin Neoplasms0
1
201520159.0low000010
Staphylococcal Infections0
3
2005200917.0low000300
Staphylococcal Skin Infections0
1
202220222.0low000001
Starvation0
1
201620168.0low000010
Streptococcal Infections0
1
201920195.0low000010
Swine Diseases0
1
202020204.0low000010
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms0
1
201920195.0low000010
Tuberculosis0
2
201820233.5low000011
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary0
2
201320169.5low000020
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms0
1
201620168.0low000010
Urinary Tract Infections0
2
201320179.0low000020
Vibrio cholerae Infection0
9
200720219.4low000351
Viral Diseases0
1
201720177.0low000010
Virus Diseases0
1
201720177.0low000010
Whooping Cough0
2
201420226.0low000011

Safety/Toxicity (2)

ArticleYear
Degradation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate by a hybrid two-component protein protects Azoarcus sp. strain CIB from toluene toxicity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, , 11-15, Volume: 113, Issue:46		2016
CdpA is a Burkholderia pseudomallei cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase involved in autoaggregation, flagellum synthesis, motility, biofilm formation, cell invasion, and cytotoxicity.
Infection and immunity, , Volume: 78, Issue:5		2010

Bioavailability (1)

ArticleYear
The Iron Tug-of-War between Bacterial Siderophores and Innate Immunity.
Journal of innate immunity, , Volume: 11, Issue:3		2019

Interactions (1)

ArticleYear
Evaluation of the sublingual route for administration of influenza H5N1 virosomes in combination with the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP.
PloS one, , Volume: 6, Issue:11		2011