Compounds > adenosine monophosphate
Page last updated: 2024-11-05

adenosine monophosphate

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Description

Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-) : A nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-) that results from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6083
CHEMBL ID752
CHEBI ID16027
CHEBI ID22256
CHEBI ID37096
SCHEMBL ID5588
SCHEMBL ID18287224
MeSH IDM0000389
PubMed CID15938965
CHEBI ID456215
MeSH IDM0000389

Synonyms (193)

Synonym
phosphate d'adenosine [inn-french]
adenylic acid (van)
adenosine phosphate [usan:inn:ban]
amp (van)
brn 0054612
einecs 200-500-0
fosfato de adenosina [inn-spanish]
adenosini phosphas [inn-latin]
a5mp
nsc 20264
AKOS015833068
adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid
adenosine-5'p
fosfato de adenosina
adenosini phosphas
pado
CHEBI:16027 ,
ado5'p
phosphate d'adenosine
5'-o-phosphonoadenosine
PRESTWICK2_000356
BPBIO1_000497
adenosine-5-phosphate
D02769
adenyl (tn)
adenosine phosphate (usan/inn)
adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid
adenovite
adenosine, mono(dihydrogen phosphate) (ester)
nsc-20264
amp (nucleotide)
phosaden
adenosine phosphate
phosphentaside
cardiomone
adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid
muscle adenylic acid
lycedan
a 5mp
adenosine monophosphate
my-b-den
adenosine-5'-monophosphate
9h-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-o-phosphono-.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl)-
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
9h-purin-6-amine, 9-(5-o-phosphono-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-
adenosine-phosphate
muskeladenylsaeure
adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid
monophosphadenine
muskeladenosin-phosphorsaeure
vitamin b8
ergadenylic acid
hsdb 3281
phosphaden
myoston
adenosine-monophosphate
adenylic acid
AMP ,
5'-adenosine monophosphate
adenylate
61-19-8
C00020
adenosine 5'-monophosphate ,
5'-adenylic acid
5'-amp
adenosine 5'-phosphate
1Z6S
7GPB ,
DB00131
2GSU
1UA4
1PYG
8GPB ,
BSPBIO_000451
PRESTWICK3_000356
NCGC00163319-01
SPBIO_002372
PRESTWICK1_000356
PRESTWICK0_000356
NCGC00163319-02
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
gtpl2455
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-adenin-9-yl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;hydrate
bdbm18137
adenosine 5 -monophosphate
{[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
chembl752 ,
7A8E6D15-9136-44C1-88C9-E1A224638E56 ,
A0158
a-5mp
adenosine phosphate [usan:ban:inn]
BMSE000005
NCGC00163319-03
5'-phosphate, adenosine
adenosine 5' phosphate
BMSE000873
cas-61-19-8
dtxcid002560
dtxsid5022560 ,
tox21_112046
BMSE000992
S9366
unii-415shh325a
415shh325a ,
4-26-00-03615 (beilstein handbook reference)
adenyl
adenosine phosphate [mart.]
adenosine phosphate [inn]
adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate).
adenosine phosphate [inci]
adenosine phosphate [who-dd]
adenosine phosphate [usan]
adenosine phosphate [hsdb]
5'-adenylic acid [usp-rs]
53624-78-5
adenosine phosphate [vandf]
5'-adenylic acid [fcc]
5'-adenylic acid [mi]
EPITOPE ID:137353
AKOS015888563
SCHEMBL5588
tox21_112046_1
J-700145
[3h]adenosine 5'-monophosphate
5'adenylic acid
adenosine 5'-monophosphate, free acid
W-105182
67583-85-1
((2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate
adenosine 5' monophosphate
adenosine 5'-monophosphate-agarose, lyophilized powder
adenosine 5'-monophosphate-agarose, lyophilized powder, contains lactose stabilizers that must be removed prior to use.
adenosine 5'-monophosphate-agarose, saline suspension
SCHEMBL18287224
adenosine-5'-monophosphorate
adenosine 5'-phosphorate
5'-adenylate
my-beta-den
muscle adenylate
adenosine-5-monophosphorate
136920-07-5
HY-A0181
CS-0017523
adenosine5'-monophosphate
Q318369
F20323
adenosine-3(+2')-monophosphoric acid monohydrate*
adenosine monophosphate (amp)
AS-11783
adenosin-5-monophosphate
AMY30021
CCG-267996
adenosine phosphate(vitamin b8)
EN300-1700412
5-amp
chebi:22256
phosphate d'adenosine (inn-french)
adenosine 5monophosphate
adenosini phosphas (inn-latin)
adenosina fosfato
adenosine phosphate (mart.)
t-adenylic
adenosine 5'-phosphates
c01eb10
5'-adenylic acid (usp-rs)
chebi:37096
fosfato de adenosina (inn-spanish)
Z2216887941
BP-58695
NCHEMBIO867-COMP5
2QRK
2Q8M
ldha inhibitor, 6
adenosine-5-monophosphate
bdbm50192453
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
2GMK
3DHV
2VFK
5'-o-phosphonatoadenosine
CHEBI:456215
adenosine-5-monophosphate(2-)
adenosine-5-monophosphate dianion
amp dianion
adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)
amp(2-)
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-bis(oxidanyl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]methyl phosphate
A833090
4G0Y
3TDH
Q27225747

Research Excerpts

Overview

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction. "( Utility of Adenosine Monophosphate Detection System for Monitoring the Activities of Diverse Enzyme Reactions.
Goueli, SA; Hsiao, K; Mondal, S, )		1.96
"Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a main active ingredient of the biological drug."( [Development of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor for Determination of Adenosine Monophosphate in Biological Drug].
Dong, LY; Du, HM; Feng, T; Li, YK; Wang, LY; Wang, P; Wang, XF; Xie, MX; Zhai, H; Zhu, QY, 2015)		1.36

Treatment

Adenosine monophosphate treatment reduced virus shedding and cleared the virus faster than in placebo-treated subjects.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Adenosine monophosphate pretreatment of mice with latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections significantly reduced the rate of reactivation of latent virus. "( Effects of adenosine monophosphate on the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections of mice.
Blue, WT; Kirksey, DF; Savage, RE; Stobbs, DG; Winland, RD, 1981)		2.1
"Adenosine monophosphate treatment reduced virus shedding and cleared the virus faster than in placebo-treated subjects."( Herpes zoster. The treatment and prevention of neuralgia with adenosine monophosphate.
Alexander, EJ; Blue, WT; Bodian, CA; Sklar, SH, 1985)		1.23

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" TCN inhibited the replication of all four types of cells propagated in suspension culture; however, Novikoff cells were several times more sensitive than were the other three cell types, despite the finding that the TCN-MP, probably the main toxic principle, accumulated to about the same concentration in cells of all four lines."( Transport, phosphorylation, and toxicity of a tricyclic nucleoside in cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and other cell lines and relase of its monophosphate by the cells.
Plagemann, PG, 1976)		0.26
"2-Bromohydroquinone (BHQ) is a nephrotoxic metabolite of bromobenzene and a model toxic hydroquinone."( Mitochondrial toxicity of 2-bromohydroquinone in rabbit renal proximal tubules.
Ewell, FP; Mandel, LJ; Schnellmann, RG; Sgambati, M, 1987)		0.27
" The adverse effects of GAA on the production of ROS, cytoplasmic acidification, GSH content, and [Ca2+]i were also attenuated."( Attenuation of gossypol cytotoxicity by cyclic AMP in a rat liver cell line.
Barhoumi, R; Burghardt, RC; Hutchinson, RW; Miles, JM, 1998)		0.3
" There were no deaths at 30 days and no serious adverse events attributed to AR-C69931MX."( Open multicentre study of the P2T receptor antagonist AR-C69931MX assessing safety, tolerability and activity in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Oldroyd, KG; Storey, RF; Wilcox, RG, 2001)		0.31
" Four patients receiving AR-C69931MX discontinued treatment due to minor bleeding events, and 5 patients receiving placebo discontinued treatment due to other adverse events or deterioration in their condition."( Safety profile and tolerability of intravenous AR-C69931MX, a new antiplatelet drug, in unstable angina pectoris and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Ellborg, M; Jacobsson, F; Swahn, E; Wallentin, L, 2002)		0.31
"As adjunctive therapy to aspirin and low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave MI, intravenous AR-C69931MX was well tolerated, with no difference in the incidence of serious adverse events compared with placebo."( Safety profile and tolerability of intravenous AR-C69931MX, a new antiplatelet drug, in unstable angina pectoris and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Ellborg, M; Jacobsson, F; Swahn, E; Wallentin, L, 2002)		0.31
" Bleeding and adverse clinical events were comparable among the groups."( Preliminary experience with intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibition as an adjunct to reduced-dose alteplase during acute myocardial infarction: results of the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on Patency in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEP-AMI) angi
Borzak, S; Emanuelsson, H; Gibson, CM; Greenbaum, AB; Le May, MR; Lu, M; Ohman, EM; Stankowski, JE; Stebbins, AL; Weaver, WD, 2007)		0.34
" Secondary outcomes included peak flow variability in the 4 weeks after infection, rhinoconjunctivitis symptom severity and adverse effect diary scores over the 12-week study period, and change in allergen skin test responses between baseline and 12 weeks."( Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study.
Britton, J; Brown, A; Falcone, FH; Feary, J; Hooi, D; Mortimer, K; Pritchard, DI; Venn, A, 2009)		0.35
" Symptom scores of potential adverse effects were more commonly reported in the hookworm group, but infection was generally well tolerated."( Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study.
Britton, J; Brown, A; Falcone, FH; Feary, J; Hooi, D; Mortimer, K; Pritchard, DI; Venn, A, 2009)		0.35
" QTcI was not affected by plasma concentrations of cangrelor metabolites, and cangrelor had no other adverse effects on electrocardiographic parameters."( Electrocardiographic safety of cangrelor, a new intravenous antiplatelet agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and moxifloxacin-controlled thorough QT study.
Bellibas, SE; Green, CL; Krucoff, MW; Lambe, L; Prats, J; Whellan, DJ; Wijngaard, P, 2013)		0.39
"In CHAMPION PHOENIX, cangrelor reduced the odds of major adverse cardiovascular events and stent thrombosis in women and men and appeared to offer greater net clinical benefit than clopidogrel."( Efficacy and Safety of Cangrelor in Women Versus Men During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the Cangrelor versus Standard Therapy to Achieve Optimal Management of Platelet Inhibition (CHAMPION PHOENIX) Trial.
Bhatt, DL; Deliargyris, EN; Gibson, CM; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Liu, T; Mahaffey, KW; O'Donoghue, ML; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; White, HD, 2016)		0.43
" Our findings indicate that replacing the current APAP with a safe and functional APAP/5'-AMP formulation could prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity."( Adenosine 5'-monophosphate blocks acetaminophen toxicity by increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 degradation.
Kong, Y; Sun, Q; Xu, X; Yang, X; Zhan, Y; Zhang, J, 2017)		0.46
" All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity."( Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir, An Antiviral for Treatment of COVID-19, in Healthy Subjects.
Cao, H; Chng, E; German, P; Humeniuk, R; Ling, J; Mathias, A; Osinusi, A; Shen, G; Vu, A, 2020)		0.56
"To find effective and safe treatments for COVID-19, the WHO recommended to systemically evaluate experimental therapeutics in collaborative randomised clinical trials."( Protocol for the DisCoVeRy trial: multicentre, adaptive, randomised trial of the safety and efficacy of treatments for COVID-19 in hospitalised adults.
Ader, F, 2020)		0.56
" Remdesivir reduced serious adverse effects by absolute 6% and no significant Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects were reported."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis including network meta-analysis.
Abdallah, MS; Elsawah, HK; ElShafie, AH; Elsokary, MA, 2021)		0.62
" The most common adverse reaction was hepatic impairment, although the trials reported a similar proportion of adverse events in the intervention and control groups."( Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID-19: A scoping review.
Andersson, N; Cockcroft, A; Laurie, C; Pimentel, J, 2021)		0.62
" Trial data report a similar proportion of adverse events in treated and control groups."( Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID-19: A scoping review.
Andersson, N; Cockcroft, A; Laurie, C; Pimentel, J, 2021)		0.62
" Harms are typically assessed through the collection of adverse events (AEs)."( Advantages of visualisations to evaluate and communicate adverse event information in randomised controlled trials.
Cornelius, V; Cro, S; Phillips, R, 2020)		0.56
" The outcomes of interest were mortality, progression to severe disease (severe pneumonia, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and/or mechanical ventilation), viral clearance rate, QT prolongation, fatal cardiac complications, and noncardiac serious adverse events."( Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
An, MH; Hwang, TH; Kim, MS; Kim, WJ, 2020)		0.56
"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a serious public health concern and started a race against time for researchers to discover an effective and safe therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2."( The History, Efficacy, and Safety of Potential Therapeutics: A Narrative Overview of the Complex Life of COVID-19.
Abou-Sleymane, G; Al Faraj, A; Badro, DA; Daou, F; Khanafer, N; Tobaiqy, M, 2021)		0.62
" The scientific community is studying and testing numerous compounds that can be effective and safe for treating people with covid-19."( [The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19.]
Amato, L; Cruciani, F; Davoli, M; De Crescenzo, F; Mitrova, Z; Saulle, R; Vecchi, S, 2021)		0.62
" No differences for the risk of any adverse events are observed between convalescent plasma and remdesivir compared to standard treatment."( [The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19.]
Amato, L; Cruciani, F; Davoli, M; De Crescenzo, F; Mitrova, Z; Saulle, R; Vecchi, S, 2021)		0.62
" Furthermore, no significant association was observed between remdesivir treatment and an increased risk of adverse events."( Clinical efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen, CH; Chen, KH; Hsueh, PR; Lai, CC; Wang, CY; Wang, YH, 2021)		0.62
" No liver function derangements or any other major adverse events with the drug were reported."( Feasibility and safety of remdesivir in SARS-CoV2 infected renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort from a developing nation.
Banerjee, S; Chauhan, S; Desai, S; Kute, VB; Meshram, HS; Mishra, V; Navadiya, V; Patel, H; Rizvi, SJ, 2021)		0.62
"RDV therapy is safe and clinically feasible in renal transplant recipients as seen in our cohort."( Feasibility and safety of remdesivir in SARS-CoV2 infected renal transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort from a developing nation.
Banerjee, S; Chauhan, S; Desai, S; Kute, VB; Meshram, HS; Mishra, V; Navadiya, V; Patel, H; Rizvi, SJ, 2021)		0.62
" To exclude toxic concentrations of potential drugs, the network was expanded to include a toxic score (TOX) that detected cell death (CPETOXnet)."( Deep Transfer Learning Approach for Automatic Recognition of Drug Toxicity and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
Bhatia, S; Borkhardt, A; Kather, JN; Kronberg, RM; Lang, KS; Lang, PA; Müller, L; Ostermann, PN; Pandyra, AA; Schaal, H; Stachura, P; Werner, J, 2021)		0.62
" The outcomes studied were mortality, all adverse events, serious adverse events, and clinical improvement."( Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Goudarzi, R; Mehrolhassani, MH; Tasavon Gholamhoseini, M; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, 2021)		0.62
"Remdesivir has positive effects on clinical improvement, and reduction of the risk of serious adverse events."( Safety and Efficacy of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Goudarzi, R; Mehrolhassani, MH; Tasavon Gholamhoseini, M; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, 2021)		0.62
"Primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were time to clinical improvement and safety outcomes like serious adverse events, respiratory failure."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chugh, A; Chugh, VK; Khera, D; Khera, PS; Singh, S, 2021)		0.62
" Significant decrease was found in the risk of serious adverse events (RR=0."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chugh, A; Chugh, VK; Khera, D; Khera, PS; Singh, S, 2021)		0.62
" The Adverse events [AEs], Serious adverse events [SAEs] and Treatment Discontinuation due to Adverse Events (TDAE) were used as primary outcome measures."( A Meta-Analysis of Safety of Different Regimens of Remdesivir in COVID-19 Patients.
Bose, D; Konwar, M; Maurya, M, 2022)		0.72
" Serious adverse effects (SAEs) were significantly less common in patients treated with remdesivir, with an absolute risk difference of 6% (RD -0."( Efficacy and safety of remdesivir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Angamo, MT; Mohammed, MA; Peterson, GM, 2022)		0.72
" The frequencies of serious adverse events (110 [15%] of 750 in the baricitinib group vs 135 [18%] of 752 in the placebo group), serious infections (64 [9%] vs 74 [10%]), and venous thromboembolic events (20 [3%] vs 19 [3%]) were similar between the two groups."( Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Adams, DH; Alatorre-Alexander, J; Cardoso, A; Chakladar, S; Crowe, B; de Bono, S; de Cassia Pellegrini, R; Ely, EW; Estrada, V; Goldman, JD; Kartman, CE; Krishnan, V; Liao, R; Marconi, VC; Piruzeli, MLB; Ramanan, AV; Reis, P; Som, M; Zhang, X, 2021)		0.62
" We aimed to characterize the CV adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with remdesivir using VigiBase, an individual case safety report database of the World Health Organization (WHO)."( Cardiovascular events and safety outcomes associated with remdesivir using a World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database.
Abou Ghayda, R; Ban, K; Cargnin, S; Choi, JY; Choi, SW; Chung, SK; Dragioti, E; Go, YY; Hong, SH; Jacob, L; Jung, JW; Jung, SY; Kim, AY; Kim, MS; Kim, NK; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Kronbichler, A; Lee, KH; Lee, SW; Li, H; Moon, SH; Park, SJ; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Shin, JS; Smith, L; Solmi, M; Terrazzino, S; Tizaoui, K; Yon, DK, 2022)		0.72
" We evaluated the safety of remdesivir by examining the incidence of discontinuation of remdesivir treatment because of adverse events and the incidence of any adverse events."( Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Esaka, N; Fujita, K; Hata, H; Kanai, O; Mio, T; Nanba, K; Odagaki, T; Seta, K; Yasoda, A, 2021)		0.62
" Discontinuation of remdesivir because of adverse events occurred in one older patient (3."( Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Esaka, N; Fujita, K; Hata, H; Kanai, O; Mio, T; Nanba, K; Odagaki, T; Seta, K; Yasoda, A, 2021)		0.62
"Although remdesivir (GS-5734) has recently demonstrated clinical benefits against the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), neuropsychological adverse reactions (ADRs) remain to be examined in real-world settings."( Neuropsychological adverse drug reactions of Remdesivir: analysis using VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports.
Dragioti, E; Jacob, L; Jung, SY; Kang, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, MS; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Lascu, A; Lee, S; Lee, SW; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Smith, L; Tizaoui, K; Yang, JW; Yon, DK, 2021)		0.62
"Our study demonstrates that remdesivir, a novel drug applied to the treatment of COVID-19, does not have a significant association with adverse neurologic or psychiatric reactions in the real-world setting."( Neuropsychological adverse drug reactions of Remdesivir: analysis using VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports.
Dragioti, E; Jacob, L; Jung, SY; Kang, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, MS; Kostev, K; Koyanagi, A; Lascu, A; Lee, S; Lee, SW; Salem, JE; Shin, JI; Smith, L; Tizaoui, K; Yang, JW; Yon, DK, 2021)		0.62
" Remdesivir was overall well tolerated, and total 119 adverse events were reported; most common were nausea and vomiting in 45."( Safety and clinical outcomes of remdesivir in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a retrospective analysis of active surveillance database.
Gogtay, J; Gupte, V; Hegde, R; Jadhav, S; Kalathingal, K; Malabade, R; Sawant, S, 2022)		0.72
"To summarise specific adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with COVID-19."( Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Agoritsas, T; Bartoszko, JJ; Brignardello-Petersen, R; Chu, DK; Ge, L; Izcovich, A; Khamis, AM; Kum, E; McLeod, SL; Mustafa, RA; Qasim, A; Rochwerg, B; Siemieniuk, RA; Vandvik, P; Zeraatkar, D, 2022)		0.72
" For most interventions and outcomes the certainty of the evidence was very low to low except for gastrointestinal adverse effects from hydroxychloroquine, which was moderate certainty."( Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.
Agoritsas, T; Bartoszko, JJ; Brignardello-Petersen, R; Chu, DK; Ge, L; Izcovich, A; Khamis, AM; Kum, E; McLeod, SL; Mustafa, RA; Qasim, A; Rochwerg, B; Siemieniuk, RA; Vandvik, P; Zeraatkar, D, 2022)		0.72
" The primary outcome of this retrospective cohort study was the incidence of bleeding events defined by the global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries criteria, and the secondary outcomes include the transfusion requirements, inpatient major cardiac adverse events, and cost savings per patient."( Safety and Efficacy of Periprocedural Bridging With Cangrelor Versus Eptifibatide.
Ji, CS; Roberts, RJ; Solomon, EJ; Toyoda, AY; Yun, AN, 2022)		0.72
"We aimed to assess longitudinal changes in clinical indexes of corona disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients with mild pulmonary infection during 5 days of remdesivir therapy and determine the effect of age and gender on remdesivir adverse effects (AE)."( Linear mixed model analysis to evaluate correlations between remdesivir adverse effects with age and gender of patients with mild Covid-19 pneumonia.
Amanollahi, A; Basir Ghafouri, H; Hoseini, SE; Moradi Moghaddam, O; Sedighi, M; Tavakoli, N, 2022)		0.72
" The most common adverse events included nausea, dizziness, and cough."( Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of inhaled remdesivir in healthy participants.
Anoshchenko, O; Chen, S; Davies, S; DeZure, A; Dresser, M; Ellis, S; Girish, S; Humeniuk, R; Johnston, M; Juneja, K; Llewellyn, J; Osinusi, A; Palaparthy, R; Share, A; Winter, H; Xiao, D, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Thus a single dose of ATP-MgCl2 has a half-life of less than 40 sec as ATP."( Clearance and maintenance of blood nucleotide levels with adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride injection.
Baue, AE; Jellinek, M; Pyrros, D; Shapiro, MJ; Sundine, M, 1992)		0.28
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of cladribine (CdA) in patient plasma and its intracellular nucleotides CdA 5'-monophosphate (CdAMP) and CdA 5'-triphosphate (CdATP) were delineated in circulating leukemia cells in 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, after the last dose intake and up to 72 h thereafter."( Pharmacokinetics of cladribine in plasma and its 5'-monophosphate and 5'-triphosphate in leukemic cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Albertioni, F; Eriksson, S; Juliusson, G; Liliemark, J; Lindemalm, S; Pettersson, B; Reichelova, V, 1998)		0.3
" The half-life of a therapeutic ATP concentration (0."( Metabolism of P2 receptor agonists in human airways: implications for mucociliary clearance and cystic fibrosis.
Boucher, RC; Burch, LH; Picher, M, 2004)		0.32
"In pharmacodynamic studies with antiplatelet agents, platelets are usually activated in vitro with single agonists (e."( Pharmacodynamic profile of antiplatelet agents: marked differences between single versus costimulation with platelet activators.
Graff, J; Harder, S; Klinkhardt, U, 2004)		0.32
"Because a variety of different agonists influence platelet activation and its distinct functions at a time, investigations which regard the concert of these agonists might be closer to the in vivo situation and better reflect the pharmacodynamic profile of an antiplatelet agent than using one single inducing agent."( Pharmacodynamic profile of antiplatelet agents: marked differences between single versus costimulation with platelet activators.
Graff, J; Harder, S; Klinkhardt, U, 2004)		0.32
" The infusion is continued for 60 minutes, and serial blood samples are obtained for evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a bolus and infusion of cangrelor: a direct, parenteral P2Y12 receptor antagonist.
Akers, WS; Ferraris, S; Oestreich, JH; Oh, JJ; Steinhubl, SR; Wethington, M, 2010)		0.36
" A prospectively designed platelet function substudy was performed in a selected cohort of patients to provide insight into the pharmacodynamic effects of cangrelor, particularly in regard to whether cangrelor therapy may interfere with the inhibitory effects of clopidogrel."( Pharmacodynamic effects of cangrelor and clopidogrel: the platelet function substudy from the cangrelor versus standard therapy to achieve optimal management of platelet inhibition (CHAMPION) trials.
Angiolillo, DJ; Becker, RC; Bhatt, DL; French, WJ; Harrington, RA; Huber, K; Liu, T; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Saucedo, JF; Schneider, DJ; Shaburishvili, T, 2012)		0.38
"As ticagrelor, clopidogrel and cangrelor therapies may be used in the same clinical setting, their potential pharmacodynamic interactions are of interest."( Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model.
Emanuelsson, BM; Ravnefjord, A; van Giezen, JJ; Weilitz, J, 2012)		0.38
" No pharmacodynamic interaction occurred between ticagrelor and cangrelor."( Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model.
Emanuelsson, BM; Ravnefjord, A; van Giezen, JJ; Weilitz, J, 2012)		0.38
"The extent of the pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions observed between clopidogrel and cangrelor or ticagrelor apparently depends on the level of receptor occupancy when clopidogrel is administered."( Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model.
Emanuelsson, BM; Ravnefjord, A; van Giezen, JJ; Weilitz, J, 2012)		0.38
"Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are hyper-reactive and whether cangrelor, a potent intravenous P2Y(12) receptor blocker, has differential pharmacodynamic (PD) effects according DM status is unknown."( Effects of cangrelor in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes mellitus: an in vitro pharmacodynamic investigation.
Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Capodanno, D; Capranzano, P; Darlington, A; Desai, B; Dharmashankar, K; Ferreiro, JL; Guzman, LA; Rollini, F; Tello-Montoliu, A; Tomasello, SD; Ueno, M, 2013)		0.39
"This study sought to determine pharmacodynamic effects during transition from intravenous cangrelor to oral ticagrelor and from oral ticagrelor to intravenous cangrelor."( Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and ticagrelor.
Agarwal, Z; Gogo, P; Keating, FK; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2014)		0.4
" Pharmacodynamic effects (light transmission platelet aggregation in response to 20 and 5 μmol/l adenosine diphosphate, VerifyNow, P2Y12 assay (Accumetrics, San Diego, California), vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein index, and flow cytometry) were assessed during and after the cangrelor infusion."( Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and ticagrelor.
Agarwal, Z; Gogo, P; Keating, FK; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2014)		0.4
"Ticagrelor given before or during infusion of cangrelor did not attenuate the pharmacodynamic effects of cangrelor."( Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and ticagrelor.
Agarwal, Z; Gogo, P; Keating, FK; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2014)		0.4
"The aim of this study was to determine the impact of cangrelor and prasugrel on the pharmacodynamic effects of each agent."( Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and prasugrel.
Gogo, P; Keating, FK; Raza, SS; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2015)		0.42
" Pharmacodynamic effects (light transmission platelet aggregation in response to 20 μmol/l ADP, VerifyNow, and flow cytometry) were assessed during and after the cangrelor infusion."( Pharmacodynamic effects during the transition between cangrelor and prasugrel.
Gogo, P; Keating, FK; Raza, SS; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2015)		0.42
" Pharmacodynamic studies have shown that this interaction is avoided when clopidogrel is given at the end of the cangrelor infusion."( Pharmacodynamic Effects When Clopidogrel is Given Before Cangrelor Discontinuation.
Agarwal, Z; Gogo, P; Schneider, DJ; Seecheran, N, 2015)		0.42
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"We report the first pharmacokinetic evaluation of remdesivir and GS-441524 in recovered COVID-19 patients."( Pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and GS-441524 in two critically ill patients who recovered from COVID-19.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Avataneo, V; Capobianchi, MR; Caputi, P; Castilletti, C; D'Avolio, A; Forini, O; Ippolito, G; Lalle, E; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Notari, S; Scorzolini, L; Tempestilli, M, 2020)		0.56
" Because measurement of such concentrations is unrealistic in patients, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to characterize RDV and TN disposition."( Hybrid physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for remdesivir: Application to SARS-CoV-2.
Gallo, JM, 2021)		0.62
" This report summarizes development of a remdesivir physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that accurately describes observed adult remdesivir and metabolites exposure and predicts pediatric remdesivir and metabolites exposure."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites to Support Dose Selection for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients With COVID-19.
German, P; Kirby, BJ; Lutz, JD; Mathias, A; Pikora, C; Reddy, S, 2021)		0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of GastroPlus was used to simulate different patient populations based on age, weight, liver function, and renal function status."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
"This is an open-label, randomized, fixed sequence single intravenous dosing study to assess pharmacokinetic interactions between remdesivir and TDF/3TC (Study A, crossover design) or TDF/3TC plus ATV/r (Study B)."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
" Furthermore, this study will deliver pharmacokinetic datasets for remdesivir drug concentrations and demographic characteristics which could support pharmacometric approaches for simulation of remdesivir treatment regimens in patients concurrently using tenofovir/lamivudine and/or atazanavir/ritonavir."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
" A prospective observational pharmacokinetic study was performed in non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir and GS-441524 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.
Bosma, LBE; Leegwater, E; Moes, DJAR; Ottens, TH; van der Meer, IM; van Nieuwkoop, C; Wilms, EB, 2022)		0.72
"To study the pharmacokinetic inter-individual variability of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in a real-world setting of COVID-19 inpatients and to identify possible associations with different demographic/biochemical variables."( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)		0.72
" Linear regression, logistic regression and multiple linear regression tests were used for statistical comparisons of pharmacokinetic parameters and variables."( Interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir and its main metabolite GS-441524 in treated COVID-19 subjects.
Agrati, C; Ascoli Bartoli, T; Benvenuto, D; Marchioni, L; Nicastri, E; Stazi, GV; Tempestilli, M, 2022)		0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the present study, we have investigated the effect of oral terfenadine 180 mg, flurbiprofen 100 mg, and the drug combination on AMP-induced bronchoconstriction in eight nonatopic asthmatic subjects with a mean age of 53."( The effect of oral terfenadine alone and in combination with flurbiprofen on the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled adenosine 5'-monophosphate in nonatopic asthma.
Holgate, ST; Phillips, GD, 1989)		0.28
" The drug combination used did not influence similar cytotoxic effects of hydrocortisone."( Postirradiation administration of adenosine monophosphate combined with dipyridamole reduces early cellular damage in mice.
Bohácek, J; Hosek, B; Pospísil, M, 1993)		0.57
" This suggests that the use of purines combined with NO donors could be effective to treat some specific erectile disorders."( Effects of nucleotides adenosine monophosphate and adenosine triphosphate in combination with L-arginine on male rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue.
Hupertan, V; Leammel, E; Lebret, T; Neuzillet, Y; Pons, C; Stücker, O, 2012)		0.69
" In conclusion, cangrelor in combination with ticagrelor results in consistent and strong P2Y12 inhibition during and after infusion and cangrelor may bridge the gap until oral P2Y12 inhibitors achieve effect in real-world STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI."( Cangrelor in combination with ticagrelor provides consistent and potent P2Y12-inhibition during and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in real-world patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.
Andell, P; Erlinge, D; Götberg, M; James, S; Koul, S; Mohammad, MA; Scherstén, F, 2017)		0.46
"Management of drug-drug interactions between investigational anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and immunosuppressants is a complex task for the clinician."( Pharmacologic Treatment of Transplant Recipients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Considerations Regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drug-Drug Interactions.
Bergan, S; Elens, L; Hesselink, DA; Langman, LJ; Lemaitre, F; Moes, DJAR; Molinaro, M; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)		0.56
" The author here is proposing to test 5-FU in combination with a number of deoxynucleosides on animal models infected with this Covid-19."( 5-Fluorouracil in combination with deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribose as possible therapeutic options for the Coronavirus, COVID-19 infection.
Ahmad, SI, 2020)		0.56
" We aimed at determining which drugs used in dentistry interact with Remdesivir in order to avoid adverse reactions that may worsen the condition of patients with COVID-19."( Remdesivir-COVID-19: drug interactions in dentistry.
Gómez-Moreno, G, 2020)		0.56
"According to the articles reviewed, a total of 279 drugs interact with Remdesivir."( Remdesivir-COVID-19: drug interactions in dentistry.
Gómez-Moreno, G, 2020)		0.56
" However, management of acute seizures in patients with COVID-19 as well as management of PWE and COVID-19 needs to consider potential drug-drug interactions between antiseizure drugs and candidate drugs currently assessed as therapeutic options for COVID-19."( Management of COVID-19 in patients with seizures: Mechanisms of action of potential COVID-19 drug treatments and consideration for potential drug-drug interactions with anti-seizure medications.
Chandra, PP; Jain, S; Potschka, H; Tripathi, M; Vohora, D, 2021)		0.62
" In spite of United States Food and Drug Administration's recent assent of remdesivir as the only approved agent for COVID-19, there is limited information available about the physicochemical, metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetic (PK), and drug-drug interaction (DDI) properties of this drug."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Subsequently, these data were used in the Drug-Drug Interaction module to simulate drug interaction potential of remdesivir with other COVID-19 drug regimens and with agents used for comorbidities."( Simulation of Remdesivir Pharmacokinetics and Its Drug Interactions.
Deb, S; Reeves, AA, 2021)		0.62
" We discuss the case of a hospitalized patient in the United States diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed acute pain crisis secondary to a drug-drug interaction between tramadol and remdesivir, and we propose a possible mechanism of interaction."( Acute Pain Crisis Caused by Tramadol Remdesivir Drug-Drug Interaction.
Feely, M; Ho, I; Miller, G; Teoli, D; Thompson, V; Vlaminck, B; Wright, J, 2021)		0.62
" Given that drug synergy often occurs through inhibition of discrete biological targets, here we propose a neural network architecture that jointly learns drug-target interaction and drug-drug synergy."( Deep learning identifies synergistic drug combinations for treating COVID-19.
Barzilay, R; Collins, JJ; Eastman, RT; Itkin, Z; Jaakkola, TS; Jin, W; Stokes, JM; Zakharov, AV, 2021)		0.62
"In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with remdesivir and favipiravir, were evaluated in severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients."( The therapeutic efficacy of quercetin in combination with antiviral drugs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Abolnezhadian, F; Alavi, SM; Ghafourian, M; Khodadadi, A; Mahmoudian-Sani, MR; Nashibi, R; Sharhani, A; Shohan, M, 2022)		0.72
" This case report indicated that remdesivir might interact with cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates, such as tacrolimus and everolimus, and elevate their blood concentrations under high inflammatory conditions."( Drug-drug interaction between remdesivir and immunosuppressant agents in a kidney transplant recipient.
Hirai, T; Inoue, T; Iwamoto, T; Mizuta, A; Nishikawa, K; Sasaki, T, 2022)		0.72
" In addition, this case used amiodarone (AMD), and it has been reported that the RDV concentration increases when used in combination with AMD."( [Significant Prolongation of the International Normalized Ratio Associated with COVID-19 Treatment: Possible Drug Interaction with Remdesivir].
Bando, Y; Ishii, H; Otori, K; Yokota, N, 2022)		0.72

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In VD, the classical low potency of ATP or contraction is thus not explained by its low bioavailability or its low binding, but rather by its low specificity for the contracting P2x-purinoceptors, leading to the activation of the relaxing P2y-purinoceptors."( ATP activates P2x-contracting and P2y-relaxing purinoceptors in the smooth muscle of mouse vas deferens.
Boland, B; Casteels, R; Gillis, JM; Himpens, B; Vincent, MF, 1992)		0.28
" Ex vivo assays indicate that activation of the low affinity adenosine A2B receptor subtype (A2BAR) mediates TGF-beta1 release from glomeruli of diabetic rats, a pathogenic event that could support progression of glomerulopathy when the bioavailability of adenosine is increased."( Adenosine mediates transforming growth factor-beta 1 release in kidney glomeruli of diabetic rats.
Escudero, C; Fuentealba, V; Gajardo, C; Pastor-Anglada, M; Quezada, C; Roa, H; San Martin, R; Sobrevia, L; Troncoso, E; Yáñez, A, 2009)		0.35
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" MRS2978 was orally bioavailable (57-75%) giving rise to MRS2925 as a minor metabolite in vivo, tested in rats."( Prevention and rescue of cardiac dysfunction by methanocarba adenosine monophosphonate derivatives.
Chakraborty, S; Cronin, C; Jacobson, KA; Kumar, TS; Liang, BT; Shen, JB; Toti, KS, 2020)		0.56
" We highlighted a mechanism triggered mainly by the increased extracellular bioavailability of adenosine, which activates A2B and A3 receptors on the endothelium."( Ticagrelor Prevents Endothelial Cell Apoptosis through the Adenosine Signalling Pathway in the Early Stages of Hypoxia.
Brassart-Pasco, S; Djerada, Z; Feliu, C; Millart, H; Nguyen, P; Oszust, F; Peyret, H; Poitevin, G, 2020)		0.56
" Potent orally bioavailable antiviral drugs for early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed, and several, including molnupiravir and PF-07321332, are currently in clinical development."( Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs.
Beadle, JR; Carlin, AF; Clark, AE; Garretson, AF; Hostetler, KY; Leibel, SL; McMillan, RE; McVicar, RN; Murphy, J; Schooley, RT; Smith, VI; Valiaeva, N; Xie, J; Zhang, XQ, 2021)		0.62
" Here, we demonstrate the in vitro antiviral activity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of GS-621763, an orally bioavailable prodrug of GS-441524, the parent nucleoside of remdesivir, which targets the highly conserved virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase."( Therapeutic treatment with an oral prodrug of the remdesivir parental nucleoside is protective against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in mice.
Babusis, D; Bannister, R; Baric, RS; Barrett, KT; Bilello, JP; Bleier, BJ; Brown, AJ; Chun, K; Cihlar, T; Conrad, WS; Dong, S; Du Pont, V; Feng, JY; Gully, KL; Kalla, R; Mackman, RL; Martinez, DR; May, SR; Meganck, RM; Montgomery, SA; Moreira, FR; Murakami, E; Schäfer, A; Sheahan, TP; Subramanian, R; Tang, J; Won, JJ; Zweigart, MR, 2022)		0.72
" Because of the limited efficacy of vaccination in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), orally bioavailable and broadly efficacious antiviral drugs are urgently needed."( The adenosine analog prodrug ATV006 is orally bioavailable and has preclinical efficacy against parental SARS-CoV-2 and variants.
Cao, L; Chen, J; Cong, F; Dai, J; Deng, X; Guo, D; Huang, S; Ji, Y; Ke, B; Li, CM; Li, G; Li, Y; Liao, R; Lin, C; Liu, L; Liu, X; Lu, H; Luan, H; Luo, R; Luo, Y; Shi, M; Shi, Y; Sun, J; Wang, P; Xing, F; Xu, T; Yang, S; Yang, Y; Yu, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J; Zheng, H; Zhou, Q; Zhu, T; Zhu, Y, 2022)		0.72
"0-fold greater oral bioavailability compared with free TRP."( Enhanced oral absorption of teriparatide with therapeutic potential for management of osteoporosis.
Byun, Y; Chang, KY; Cho, SS; Kang, SH; Kim, KT; Pandey, P; Park, JW; Shim, JH; Subedi, L, 2022)		0.72
"Flavonoids are associated with health benefits, but most of them have poor oral bioavailability due to their extremely low aqueous solubility."( Discovery of a novel phosphotransferase from Bacillus subtilis that phosphorylates a broad spectrum of flavonoids.
Chang, CF; Hsu, C; Su, NW; Tsai, HY; Yang, CC, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

The on-demand oral administration at a high dosage of l-arginine aspartate-adenosine monophosphate combination may be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate ED. The combination is very well tolerated and could be tested as a safe first-line therapy in a larger size phase III study.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" AMP deaminase displaces membrane bound glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in roughly a dose-response manner."( Regulation of the interaction of purified human erythrocyte AMP deaminase and the human erythrocyte membrane.
Chang, D; Deuel, TF; Nathans, GR; Pipoly, GM, 1979)		0.26
" When [14C]ribose was administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dosage of 300-750 mug (100-250 muCi)/10o g, approximately 1% of the radioactivity was recovered in the acid (5% CLCCCOOH)-INSOLUBLE MATERIAL OF THE LIVER NUCLEI 2 HR AFTER INJECTION."( Natural occurrence of poly(ADP-ribosyl) histones in rat liver.
Hayaishi, O; Kawaichi, M; Omachi, A; Ueda, K, 1975)		0.25
" Noncyclic nucleotides, adenosine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) showed clear, dose-response protection against histamine death of propranolol-treated mice when they were given 45 to 90 min before histamine."( Hypersensitivity to histamine and systemic anaphylaxis in mice with pharmacologic beta adrenergic blockade: protection by nucleotides.
Matsumura, Y; Tan, EM; Vaughan, JH, 1976)		0.26
" The dose-response curve for ATP is then more than half-maximal at 1 mM and the ranking of the other nucleotides relative to ATP is the same as without predigestion."( Potentiation of postjunctional cholinergic sensitivity of rat diaphragm muscle by high-energy-phosphate adenine nucleotides.
Ewald, DA, 1976)		0.26
"1% NaHCO3, dosed 1/100 LD50, via stomach tube."( Studies on the influence of ochratoxin A on rat lenses.
Rankov, BG; Tomova, S, 1978)		0.26
" Possible increases in the dosage of trasicor in the pediatric practice are deemed permissible."( [Characteristics of the reaction of the renal tissue adenylic system to the beta-adrenoblockader, trasicor (oxprenolol), in early postnatal ontogeny].
Chekman, IS; Chernomorets, SG; Viktorov, AP, )		0.13
" The provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (logPC20) was calculated by linear interpolation of log dose-response curves."( Effect of inhaled furosemide and bumetanide on adenosine 5'-monophosphate- and sodium metabisulfite-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.
Barnes, PJ; Chen-Worsdell, YM; Chung, KF; Fuller, RW; O'Connor, BJ, 1991)		0.28
" Dose-response curves for epinephrine, cAMP, and AMP were determined on Na(+)-K(+)-dependent ATPase; also, the affinity, intrinsic activity curves, pD2, pA2 and alpha were calculated for all components."( A biochemical and pharmacological approach to the genesis of ulcer disease II. A model study of stress-induced injury to gastric mucosa in rats.
Garamszegi, M; Jávor, T; Mózsik, GY; Nagy, L; Patty, I; Sütö, G; Vincze, A, 1990)		0.28
" On the AMP study day, three AMP dose-response bronchial challenges were performed at 1-hour intervals."( Repeated exposure of asthmatic airways to inhaled adenosine 5'-monophosphate attenuates bronchoconstriction provoked by exercise.
Finnerty, JP; Holgate, ST; Polosa, R, 1990)		0.28
" Analysis of this ATP effect, based on Michaelis-Menten type kinetics, revealed that ATP increased the maximum response (Vmax) of the dose-response curve of ACh currents without an appreciable effect on the affinity (Km) of ACh for its receptor."( Effect of adenosine triphosphate on the sensitivity of the nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor in the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell.
Akasu, T; Koketsu, K, 1985)		0.27
"The dose-response characteristics for the effect of ATP upon cardiac function and vascular tone have been investigated in the isolated perfused rat heart."( Vascular and contractile responses to extracellular ATP: studies in the isolated rat heart.
Hearse, DJ; Hohl, CM, )		0.13
" (4) Although ADP and ATP had partial agonist-liked dose-response curves, they did not inhibit the response to adenosine."( Adenosine receptor activation by adenine nucleotides requires conversion of the nucleotides to adenosine.
Bruns, RF, 1980)		0.26
" A dose-response relationship could be demonstrated in propranolol treated dogs by administering DB-cAMP at 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms/min at low but not at control blood pressure."( Conditions for stimulation of renin release by cyclic AMP in anaesthetized dogs.
Eide, I; Holdaas, H; Kiil, F; Langård, O, 1981)		0.26
" Dose-response curves and kinetic studies show that ADP is as effective as ATP in stabilizing the unoccupied glucocorticoid receptor against heat inactivation."( In vitro stabilization of the unoccupied glucocorticoid receptor by adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Barnett, CA; Litwack, G; Palmour, RM; Seegmiller, JE, 1983)		0.27
" Log dose-response curves to ADP in the absence and presence of each inhibitor were not parallel and the inhibition could not be overcome by high concentrations of ADP."( Specific but noncompetitive inhibition by 2-alkylthio analogues of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate of human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
Cusack, NJ; Hourani, SM, 1982)		0.26
" Recently clinical and laboratory investigations have provided us with some useful information regarding the appropriate dosage and elimination of the drug."( Intravenous theophylline therapy in asthma: a clinical update.
Rothstein, RJ, 1980)		0.26
"1-10 microM but the dose-response relationship was poor."( Phosphodiester amidates of allenic nucleoside analogues: anti-HIV activity and possible mechanism of action.
Maeda, Y; Mitsuya, H; Winter, H; Zemlicka, J, 1996)		0.29
" Beta 2 adrenoceptor function was evaluated by measuring lymphocyte beta 2 adrenoceptor parameters and constructing dose-response curves to salbutamol (100-1600 micrograms)."( Loss of normal cyclical beta 2 adrenoceptor regulation and increased premenstrual responsiveness to adenosine monophosphate in stable female asthmatic patients.
Lipworth, BJ; McFarlane, LC; Tan, KS, 1997)		0.51
"Regular treatment with inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists leads to subsensitivity to their bronchoprotective effects, although the effect of dosing frequency on this subsensitivity is not known."( Subsensitivity to bronchoprotection against adenosine monophosphate challenge following regular once-daily formoterol.
Aziz, I; Devlin, MM; Hall, IP; Lipworth, BJ; Tan, KS, 1998)		0.56
" In contrast, platelet aggregation was completely absent in response to 1 to 20 micrograms of collagen/ml, although partial aggregation was observed at the higher dosage of 50 micrograms/ml."( Characterization of platelet abnormalities of Tester Moriyama (TM) rats with storage pool deficiency.
Fujimori, H; Narama, I; Nishikawa, T; Nishimura, M; Nomura, S; Ozaki, K; Pan-Hou, H, 1998)		0.3
" We have previously demonstrated that inhaled budesonide reduced airway responsiveness to the mast cell stimulus adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) to a threefold greater extent than to methacholine and sodium metabisulfite, suggesting that AMP responsiveness may be a more sensitive marker of airway inflammation and steroid action in order to assess a dose-response relationship."( A dose-dependent effect of the novel inhaled corticosteroid ciclesonide on airway responsiveness to adenosine-5'-monophosphate in asthmatic patients.
Barnes, PJ; Engelstätter, R; Jensen, MW; Kanabar, V; O'Connor, BJ; Steinijans, VW; Taylor, DA, 1999)		0.3
" In atopic subjects with asthma, the dose-response slope for AMP was correlated to S-EPO (r= -0."( Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjögren's syndrome. BHR Study Group. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Björnsson, E; Boman, G; Gudbjörnsson, B; Hedenström, H; Janson, C; Lúdvíksdóttir, D; Stålenheim, G; Valtysdóttir, S; Venge, P, 2000)		0.31
"To test the lower range of the dose-response curve, effects of MF delivered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) on AMP-induced bronchoconstriction were compared with those of placebo."( Mometasone furoate antagonizes AMP-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with mild asthma.
Arshad, H; Harrison, JE; Holgate, ST; Stryszak, P, 2000)		0.31
" In a placebo-controlled cross-over study, we investigated the effect of SR 48968C, administrated orally once-daily in a dosage of 100 mg during 9 days, on airway responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) in 12 allergic asthmatic patients."( The NK-2 receptor antagonist SR 48968C does not improve adenosine hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction in allergic asthma.
Kraan, J; Postma, DS; Vink-Klooster, H, 2001)		0.31
" At the same time, a number of nonmetallic ligands moderately accelerate the reaction of MT with Nbs2 and hyperbolic dose-response curves were obtained."( The effects of physiologically important nonmetallic ligands in the reactivity of metallothionein towards 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). A new method for the determination of ligand interactions with metallothionein.
Kangur, L; Palumaa, P, 2001)		0.31
" Dose-response slopes (DRS) for methacholine and AMP were compared between healthy control subjects, self-reported allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma."( Bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and methacholine differ in their relationship with airway allergy and baseline FEV(1).
De Meer, G; Heederik, D; Postma, DS, 2002)		0.31
" Dose-response studies yielded IC(50)-values of 4 microM for AMP and 32 microM for cAMP."( Adenosine 5'-monophosphate is a selective inhibitor of the brown adipocyte nonselective cation channel.
Halonen, J; Nedergaard, J, 2002)		0.31
" The approved dosage of tenofovir is 300 mg (one tablet) once/day with meals."( Tenofovir: a nucleotide analog for the management of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Antoniou, T; Park-Wyllie, LY; Tseng, AL, 2003)		0.32
" Addition of P2Y1 blockade to P1 blockade shifted the ATP dose-response curve further rightward."( Nucleotide coronary vasodilation in guinea pig hearts.
Feigl, EO; Gorman, MW; Jacobson, KA; Ogimoto, K; Savage, MV, 2003)		0.32
" Continuous dosing of cultures with adenosine to provide a steady-state concentration showed that proliferation could be stimulated by low micromolar concentrations of adenosine."( Adenosine stimulation of the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Roles of cell density and adenosine metabolism.
Blay, J; Hoskin, D; Mujoomdar, M, 2003)		0.32
"Chronic dosing with BB conferred complementary anti-inflammatory activity in atopic asthmatic patients maintained on inhaled corticosteroids."( Butterbur, a herbal remedy, confers complementary anti-inflammatory activity in asthmatic patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids.
Haggart, K; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ; Robb, FM, 2004)		0.32
"The anti-inflammatory effects of repeated dosing with mediator antagonists as add-on therapy to that with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in patients with asthma remain to be fully established."( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients.
Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)		0.32
"We elected to evaluate the effects of repeated dosing with fexofenadine (FEX) and montelukast (ML) at clinically recommended doses in ICS-treated asthmatic patients using adenosine monophosphate (AMP) bronchial challenge as the primary outcome."( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients.
Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)		0.52
"Repeated dosing with FEX and ML as add-on therapy improved AMP PC(20) and other surrogate inflammatory markers along with asthma diary outcomes in ICS-treated atopic asthmatic patients."( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients.
Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)		0.32
" We evaluated single and short-term dosing effects of a modern histamine H1-receptor antagonist, levocetirizine, given at the usual clinically recommended dose, on the primary outcome of AMP bronchoprovocation."( Single and short-term dosing effects of levocetirizine on adenosine monophosphate bronchoprovocation in atopic asthma.
Gray, RD; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ; Robb, FM; Soutar, PC; Wilson, AM, 2004)		0.57
"Single and short-term dosing with levocetirizine conferred similar improvements in bronchial hyper-responsiveness to AMP challenge, which was unrelated to prechallenge airway calibre."( Single and short-term dosing effects of levocetirizine on adenosine monophosphate bronchoprovocation in atopic asthma.
Gray, RD; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ; Robb, FM; Soutar, PC; Wilson, AM, 2004)		0.57
" PC20 more than doubled with each active treatment, but no statistically significant dose-response effect could be established."( Effects of inhaled ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate on cortisol secretion and airway responsiveness to adenosine 5'monophosphate in asthmatic patients.
Derom, E; Engelstätter, R; Marissens, S; Pauwels, R; Van De Velde, V; Vincken, W, 2005)		0.33
" We wished to know whether an abbreviated challenge at the final threshold dose would produce the same fall in FEV1 as a full, conventional dose-response challenge."( Evaluation of an abbreviated adenosine monophosphate bronchial challenge.
Fardon, TC; Hodge, MR; Lipworth, BJ, 2005)		0.62
"5% predicted) attended for a full dose-response protocol, where the highest concentration of AMP to produce > 20% fall in FEV1 was noted, along with the maximum percentage fall and recovery time."( Evaluation of an abbreviated adenosine monophosphate bronchial challenge.
Fardon, TC; Hodge, MR; Lipworth, BJ, 2005)		0.62
"In a double-masked, dose-response crossover study, 27 patients received inhaled budesonide in cumulative sequential doubling dose increments, 2 weeks per dose, of 200, 400, and 800 microg/d."( Dose-response comparison of budesonide dry powder inhalers using adenosine monophosphate bronchial challenge.
Buck, H; Das, SK; Lipworth, BJ; Paterson, M; Sims, EJ, 2005)		0.57
"For the adenosine monophosphate provocation concentration that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20% (PC20), a significant overall dose-response effect (P = ."( Dose-response comparison of budesonide dry powder inhalers using adenosine monophosphate bronchial challenge.
Buck, H; Das, SK; Lipworth, BJ; Paterson, M; Sims, EJ, 2005)		1
"Inhaled budesonide exhibited overall dose-response effects on adenosine monophosphate PC20 delivered via Turbuhaler and Clickhaler, with no significant difference between the devices."( Dose-response comparison of budesonide dry powder inhalers using adenosine monophosphate bronchial challenge.
Buck, H; Das, SK; Lipworth, BJ; Paterson, M; Sims, EJ, 2005)		0.81
" In addition, AYPGKF- and thrombin-induced TXA2 generation was significantly reduced in platelets from mice dosed with clopidogrel, confirming the results obtained with the human platelets."( P2Y12 receptor-mediated potentiation of thrombin-induced thromboxane A2 generation in platelets occurs through regulation of Erk1/2 activation.
Garcia, A; Kim, S; Kunapuli, SP; Prabhakar, J; Shankar, H, 2006)		0.33
"Two hundred patients (3 dosage groups and placebo) were studied in part 1, and 199 additional patients were then randomized in the second part, comparing 1 dose of cangrelor and abciximab."( Initial experience with an intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from a 2-part, phase II, multicenter, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial.
Becker, RC; Bittl, JA; Clegg, J; Emanuelsson, H; Gilchrist, IC; Greenbaum, AB; Grines, CL; Grogan, DR; Harrington, RA; Kereiakes, DJ; Stankowski, JE; Weaver, WD, 2006)		0.33
"To review and assess available literature on the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, adverse events, drug interactions, special populations, and dosing and administration for cangrelor, a product in late stage Phase II clinical trials."( Cangrelor for treatment of coronary thrombosis.
Cudd, LA; Fugate, SE, 2006)		0.33
" Interestingly, compared to WT results, the ATP dose-response relationship of G1349D-CFTR is less steep and shows a higher apparent affinity for ATP."( G551D and G1349D, two CF-associated mutations in the signature sequences of CFTR, exhibit distinct gating defects.
Bompadre, SG; Hwang, TC; Li, M; Sohma, Y, 2007)		0.34
" However, after 12 months smoking cessation the improvement in AHR became significant for both AMP and Mch, their dose-response curves being displaced to the right to a similar extent (1."( Changes in airway hyperresponsiveness following smoking cessation: comparisons between Mch and AMP.
Barton, S; Bonaccorsi, A; Caponnetto, P; Di Maria, A; Oliveri, C; Origlio, A; Piccillo, G; Polosa, R; Russo, C, 2008)		0.35
" Despite the unambiguous clinical benefit associated with clopidogrel, accumulating experience with this drug has also led to identification of some of its drawbacks, which are related to inadequate platelet inhibition with standard dosage regimens as well as to its irreversible antiplatelet effects."( ADP receptor antagonism: what's in the pipeline?
Angiolillo, DJ, 2007)		0.34
" Atbt1 RNAi dosage mutants show substantially retarded growth, adenylate levels similar to those of wild-type plants, increased glutamine contents and unchanged starch levels."( Characterization of the Arabidopsis Brittle1 transport protein and impact of reduced activity on plant metabolism.
Kirchberger, S; Neuhaus, HE; Tjaden, J, 2008)		0.35
" Twenty-two healthy volunteers are randomized to receive 1 of 2 intravenous cangrelor dosing regimens: a 15-microg/kg bolus followed by a 2-microg/kg/min infusion or a 30-microg/kg bolus followed by a 4-microg/kg/min infusion."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a bolus and infusion of cangrelor: a direct, parenteral P2Y12 receptor antagonist.
Akers, WS; Ferraris, S; Oestreich, JH; Oh, JJ; Steinhubl, SR; Wethington, M, 2010)		0.36
" We assessed the recent control of asthma (ACQ), pulmonary function tests, bronchial responsiveness to MCh and AMP (PC(20) and O'Connor two-point dose-response slope), perception of symptoms (Borg scale), and blood inflammatory markers (leptin and hs-CRP by ELISA)."( Mild asthma in overweight women: A new phenotype?
Bourdin, A; Chanez, P; Engbers, M; Godard, P; Gras, D; Sterk, P; Vachier, I, 2010)		0.36
"Overweight had a significant lower dose-response slope of the MCh challenge (p=0."( Mild asthma in overweight women: A new phenotype?
Bourdin, A; Chanez, P; Engbers, M; Godard, P; Gras, D; Sterk, P; Vachier, I, 2010)		0.36
"For the primary outcome there was significant protection after single and long-term dosing with fluticasone alone and fluticasone-salmeterol combination, whereas salmeterol alone only afforded protection after the first dose."( Effects of intranasal salmeterol and fluticasone given alone and in combination in persistent allergic rhinitis.
Burns, P; Lipworth, BJ; Nair, A; Short, P, 2012)		0.38
"Chronic dosing with fluticasone but not salmeterol confers anti-inflammatory activity against nasal AMP challenge, but there was no potentiation of fluticasone when given in combination with salmeterol."( Effects of intranasal salmeterol and fluticasone given alone and in combination in persistent allergic rhinitis.
Burns, P; Lipworth, BJ; Nair, A; Short, P, 2012)		0.38
"Six male dogs all received 7 different dosing regimens separated by 1-5week washout periods: cangrelor (1μg/kg/min, intravenous infusion); ticagrelor (0."( Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model.
Emanuelsson, BM; Ravnefjord, A; van Giezen, JJ; Weilitz, J, 2012)		0.38
" With clopidogrel dosed 3hours after ticagrelor, IPA was reduced after washout of ticagrelor to 38% at 24hrs vs."( Evaluation of ticagrelor pharmacodynamic interactions with reversibly binding or non-reversibly binding P2Y(12) antagonists in an ex-vivo canine model.
Emanuelsson, BM; Ravnefjord, A; van Giezen, JJ; Weilitz, J, 2012)		0.38
" This pilot phase II study showed that the on-demand oral administration at a high dosage of l-arginine aspartate-adenosine monophosphate combination may be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate ED, is very well tolerated and could be tested as a safe first-line therapy in a larger size phase III study."( A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial of arginine aspartate plus adenosine monophosphate for the intermittent treatment of male erectile dysfunction.
Botto, H; Cour, F; Hupertan, V; Lebret, T; Neuzillet, Y, 2013)		0.81
"In the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) bronchial challenge test, AMP is usually administered according to dosing protocols for methacholine."( Challenging the two-minute tidal breathing challenge test.
de Boer, AH; Frijlink, HW; Hagedoorn, P; Lexmond, AJ, 2013)		0.39
" Like many DEAD-box proteins, DDX3 is essential to cellular health and exhibits dosage sensitivity, such that both decreases and increases in protein levels can be lethal."( Analog sensitive chemical inhibition of the DEAD-box protein DDX3.
Barkovich, KJ; Condon, KJ; Doudna, JA; Floor, SN; Shokat, KM, 2016)		0.43
"The dose-response relationship between two dose levels of fluticasone/formoterol (flutiform(®), 100/10 μg and 500/20 μg) was evaluated in asthmatic patients."( Effects of low- versus high-dose fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate combination therapy on AMP challenge in asthmatic patients: A double-blind, randomised clinical trial.
Diamant, Z; Kanniess, F; Lomax, M, 2016)		0.43
"A significant dose-response was found between low- and high-dose fluticasone/formoterol in the post hoc subgroup (patients who received both doses), but not in the overall population, with the higher dose demonstrating a greater reduction in airway responsiveness to AMP."( Effects of low- versus high-dose fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate combination therapy on AMP challenge in asthmatic patients: A double-blind, randomised clinical trial.
Diamant, Z; Kanniess, F; Lomax, M, 2016)		0.43
" Additionally, we calculated the optimal dosage of a second bolus."( Pharmacosimulation of interruptions and its solution in intravenous administration of cangrelor.
Heramvand, N; Jung, C; Kelm, M; Kollmann, M; Masyuk, M; Muessig, JM; Nia, AM; Polzin, A, 2018)		0.48
" Additionally, we estimate the dosage of a possible second bolus which highly depends on the duration of the delay."( Pharmacosimulation of interruptions and its solution in intravenous administration of cangrelor.
Heramvand, N; Jung, C; Kelm, M; Kollmann, M; Masyuk, M; Muessig, JM; Nia, AM; Polzin, A, 2018)		0.48
" Effective rabies antivirals for therapeutic use need to be molecules that can be dosed into the cerebrospinal fluid and that rapidly and potently block ongoing virus replication and as such stop the further spread of the virus."( The path towards effective antivirals against rabies.
Jochmans, D; Neyts, J, 2019)		0.51
" The study of DEAD-box proteins is challenging in a native setting since they are structurally similar, often essential and display dosage sensitivity."( Chemical genetic inhibition of DEAD-box proteins using covalent complementarity.
Barkovich, KJ; Hu, Q; Moore, MK; Shokat, KM, 2018)		0.48
" We report two cases of patients with AMI complicating ischemic stroke, successfully treated with cangrelor infusion, which was started during PCI and maintained up to 48 h at bridge therapy dosage (0."( Acute myocardial infarction complicating ischemic stroke: is there room for cangrelor?
Leonardi, S; Meani, P; Morici, N; Nava, S; Oliva, F; Oreglia, J; Ranucci, M; Rossini, R; Sacco, A; Viola, G, 2020)		0.56
"Of the 61 patients who received at least one dose of remdesivir, data from 8 could not be analyzed (including 7 patients with no post-treatment data and 1 with a dosing error)."( Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19.
Ahmed, S; Asperges, E; Bernett, J; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Chelliah, D; Chen, D; Chihara, S; Childs, R; Chokkalingam, A; Cohen, SH; Cunningham, J; D'Arminio Monforte, A; Desai, P; DeZure, A; Diaz, G; Elboudwarej, E; Feldt, T; Flanigan, T; Gaggar, A; Green, G; Green, ML; Grein, J; Henne, I; Ismail, S; Kato, H; L'Her, E; Lapadula, G; Lescure, FX; Maeno, T; Majumder, S; Massari, M; Mera, R; Mora-Rillo, M; Mutoh, Y; Myers, RP; Nguyen, D; Nicastri, E; Oda, R; Ohmagari, N; Osinusi, AO; Quiros-Roldan, E; Redinski, J; Sellers, S; Shin, D; Studemeister, A; Tan, SK; Telep, L; Timbs, L; Verweij, E; Winterbourne, L; Yo, K; Zhao, Y; Zhong, L; Zoufaly, A, 2020)		0.56
" To support pediatric clinical studies for investigational treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pediatric-specific dosing is required."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"To define pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
" A simulation-based dose-ranging study was conducted in simulated children exploring different absolute and weight-normalized dosing strategies."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
"This analysis provides pediatric-specific dosing suggestions for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir and raises concerns regarding hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 treatment because concentrations were less than those needed to mediate an antiviral effect."( Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Balevic, SJ; Benjamin, DK; Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Gonzalez, D; Hornik, CD; Hornik, CP; Maharaj, AR; Smith, PB; Wu, H; Zimmerman, KO, 2020)		0.56
" Remdesivir was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg/d."( Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Ahn, MY; Arribas López, JR; Bernasconi, E; Bhagani, S; Blair, C; Brainard, DM; Cao, H; Castagna, A; Cattelan, AM; Chai, LYA; Chang, SC; Criner, GJ; Gaggar, A; Gottlieb, RL; Huhn, G; Hyland, RH; Le Turnier, P; Malhotra, P; Marty, FM; McPhail, MJ; Mullane, KM; Ogbuagu, O; Osinusi, AO; Roestenberg, M; Sanyal, AJ; SenGupta, D; Soriano Viladomiu, A; Spinner, CD; Tsang, OTY; Wang, H, 2020)		0.56
" Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads."( Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response.
Cardozo-Ojeda, EF; Goyal, A; Schiffer, JT, 2020)		0.56
" This review summarizes the current data for the most commonly used drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 and will cover the unique factors that may affect the dosing of these medications in patients with CKD."( Treatment Options for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients With Reduced or Absent Kidney Function.
Govil, A; Luckett, K; Miller-Handley, H, 2020)		0.56
" Recommendations were made based on available data, consideration of pharmacokinetic properties (including variability), the dosing and anticipated treatment duration of each regimen in COVID-19 and known toxicities."( Recommendations for Dosing of Repurposed COVID-19 Medications in Patients with Renal and Hepatic Impairment.
Back, D; Boyle, A; Burger, D; Davidson, K; El-Sherif, O; Gibbons, S; Khoo, S; Marra, F; Marzolini, C; Siccardi, M; Smolders, EJ; Sommerville, AJ, 2021)		0.62
" As opposed to intravenous injection, extended release subcutaneous injection has the benefits of reducing face-to-face contact, minimizing hospitalization, reducing dosing frequency and reducing overall health care cost."( Self-injectable extended release formulation of Remdesivir (SelfExRem): A potential formulation alternative for COVID-19 treatment.
Palekar, S; Patel, K; Patki, M; Reznik, S, 2021)		0.62
" However, should some hospitalized patients have dosage escalation to intermediate dose? Should some be considered for full-dose anticoagulation without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anticoagulation be monitored? Should patients receive postdischarge anticoagulation and with what medication and for how long? What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? Is antiphospholipid antibody part of this syndrome? What is the significance of isolated ischemic stroke and limb ischemia in this disorder and how does this interface with the rest of the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence."( COVID-19 and Its Implications for Thrombosis and Anticoagulation.
Berkman, SA; Tapson, VF, 2021)		0.62
" Larger studies should evaluate alternative dosing regimens."( Clinical Use of Cangrelor After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Requiring Mechanical Circulatory Support.
Altshuler, D; Arnouk, S; Katz, A; Lewis, TC; Merchan, C; Papadopoulos, J; Smith, DE; Toy, B, 2021)		0.62
" More research is needed to determine the ideal dosing regimen."( Use of intravenous cangrelor and stenting in acute ischemic stroke interventions: a new single center analysis and pooled-analysis of current studies.
Boulos, A; Dalfino, J; Entezami, P; Field, N; Holden, D; Paul, AR, 2021)		0.62
" We describe utilizing the recall antigen assay platform to screen small molecule drug off-target effects on memory T cell expansion/function using a dosing regimen based on adenosine treatment."( Adenosine-related small molecules show utility of recall antigen assay to screen compounds for off-target effects on memory T cells.
Daftarian, PM; George, MV; Kleiman, E; Magcase, D; Mao, B; Sierra, G, 2021)		0.62
" Frequent dosing is therefore required, which needs expert personnel and multiple hospital visits and can result in serious side effects."( Aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier of remdesivir: an effective alternative for COVID-19 treatment
Kunda, NK; Patel, K; Patil, SM; Patki, M; Saraswat, A; Vartak, R, 2021)		0.62
" Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor that is an attractive option due its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and ease of measurability but optimal dosing remains unclear."( Characterization of antiplatelet response to low-dose cangrelor utilizing platelet function testing in neuroendovascular patients.
Boulos, AS; Bush, MC; Dalfino, JC; Entezami, P; Field, NC; Holden, DN; Paul, AR; Yamamoto, J, 2021)		0.62
" Low-dose radiation (LDR), at a much lower dosage than applied in cancer treatment, re-emerged after a 75-year silence in its use in unresolved pneumonia, as a scientific interest with surprising effects in soothing the cytokine storm and other symptoms in severe COVID-19 patients."( COVID-19: The Disease, the Immunological Challenges, the Treatment with Pharmaceuticals and Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation.
Azzam, EI; Jadhav, AB; Wang, Y; Yu, J, 2021)		0.62
" These predictions along with the organ impairment study results may be used to support decision making regarding the RDV dosage adjustment in these patient subgroups."( Whole Body PBPK Modeling of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites to Aid in Estimating Active Metabolite Exposure in the Lung and Liver in Patients With Organ Dysfunction.
Arya, V; Earp, JC; Fan, J; Grimstein, M; Kitabi, E; Reynolds, KS; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, X; Zhu, H, 2022)		0.72
" Its clinical efficacy has been evaluated, but needs to be optimized with regard to timing, dosage and duration of treatment, and route of administration."( Remdesivir: Quo vadis?
De Clercq, E, 2021)		0.62
" We found that mean (standard deviation) recovery of RDV at 6 hours after dosing was low in both the ECMO (33."( Remdesivir and GS-441524 Extraction by Ex Vivo Extracorporeal Life Support Circuits.
Green, DJ; Imburgia, CE; Kelley, WE; Mcknite, AM; Reilly, CA; Rower, JE; Watt, KM, 2022)		0.72
"This is an open-label, randomized, fixed sequence single intravenous dosing study to assess pharmacokinetic interactions between remdesivir and TDF/3TC (Study A, crossover design) or TDF/3TC plus ATV/r (Study B)."( An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).
Byakika-Kibwika, P; D'Avolio, A; Kaboggoza, JP; Lamorde, M; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI, 2021)		0.62
" Inhalation RDV dosing resulted in lower systemic exposures to RDV and its metabolites as compared with IV RDV dosing."( Inhaled remdesivir reduces viral burden in a nonhuman primate model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Babusis, D; Bannister, R; Bilello, JP; Cihlar, T; Ellis, S; Gigliotti, A; Hartke, J; Irshad, H; Kadrichu, N; Kim, C; Kuehl, PJ; Lee, WA; Ma, B; Mackman, RL; Murakami, E; Niu, C; Pitts, J; Porter, DP; Rautiola, D; Seigel, D; Smith, B; Subramanian, R; Tomkinson, A; Vermillion, MS; Yang, J; Zhao, X, 2022)		0.72
" Alternative dosing regimens were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations."( Population Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir and GS-441524 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.
Bosma, LBE; Leegwater, E; Moes, DJAR; Ottens, TH; van der Meer, IM; van Nieuwkoop, C; Wilms, EB, 2022)		0.72
" Ampicillin's inconvenient dosing schedule, drug instability, allergy potential, along with ceftriaxone's high risk for Clostridioides difficile infection and its promotion of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), led our team to explore alternative options."( Meropenem plus Ceftaroline Is Active against Enterococcus faecalis in an
Cusumano, JA; Daffinee, KE; Desbonnet, C; García-Solache, M; LaPlante, KL; Piehl, EC; Rice, LB, 2022)		0.72
" On 3 dpi, one group received a loading dose of 10 mg/kg remdesivir followed by daily dosing with 5 mg/kg for 11 days, one group received 10 mg/kg on 12 consecutive days, and the remaining group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution."( Late remdesivir treatment initiation partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection.
Bunyan, E; Cihlar, T; de Wit, E; Feldmann, F; Feldmann, H; Goldin, K; Lo, MK; Lovaglio, J; Okumura, A; Porter, DP; Saturday, G; Spiropoulou, CF; Williamson, BN, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (8)

RoleDescription
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fructose-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11).
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1).
adenosine A1 receptor agonistAn agonist at the A1 receptor.
nutraceuticalA product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
micronutrientAny nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
fundamental metaboliteAny metabolite produced by all living cells.
cofactorAn organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
fundamental metaboliteAny metabolite produced by all living cells.
cofactorAn organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
adenosine 5'-phosphate
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-)The dianion of a nucleoside monophosphate: major species at pH 7.3.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1,031)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination)2343
SeMet incorporation into proteins114
Alanine Metabolism513
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism1226
Histidine Metabolism1735
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism1434
Urea Cycle1325
Aspartate Metabolism1430
Glycine and Serine Metabolism2452
Arginine and Proline Metabolism2047
Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis619
Glutamate Metabolism2244
Purine Metabolism3766
Cysteine Metabolism923
Fatty Acid Metabolism1441
Tryptophan Metabolism1855
Pyruvate Metabolism2139
Propanoate Metabolism1837
Ammonia Recycling1227
Butyrate Metabolism718
Methionine Metabolism1637
Ethanol Degradation716
Phenylacetate Metabolism38
Riboflavin Metabolism515
Thiamine Metabolism49
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism1121
Pentose Phosphate Pathway1527
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I513
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency513
4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency2244
Homocarnosinosis2244
Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome2244
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency3766
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency3766
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome3766
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS)3766
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency3766
Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria)3766
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency3766
AICA-Ribosiduria3766
Prolidase Deficiency (PD)2047
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)2047
Hyperprolinemia Type II2047
Hyperprolinemia Type I2047
Prolinemia Type II2047
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)2047
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)2047
Canavan Disease1430
Hypoacetylaspartia1430
Cystathionine beta-Synthase Deficiency1637
Hypermethioninemia1637
S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) Hydrolase Deficiency1637
Glycine N-Methyltransferase Deficiency1637
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD)1637
Methionine Adenosyltransferase Deficiency1637
Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy1441
Glutaric Aciduria Type I1441
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency)1441
Histidinemia1735
Lactic Acidemia513
Leigh Syndrome2139
Pyruvate Decarboxylase E1 Component Deficiency (PDHE1 Deficiency)2139
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency2139
Phenylketonuria1121
Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome)1121
Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3)1121
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Short Chain Saturated Fatty Acids818
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Medium Chain Saturated Fatty Acids823
Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation of Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids1025
Argininemia1325
Argininosuccinic Aciduria1325
Citrullinemia Type I1325
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency)1325
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency1325
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD)2452
Sarcosinemia2452
Malonic Aciduria1837
Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders1837
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia2452
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)2244
Azathioprine Action Pathway4782
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway4780
Clomocycline Action Pathway14
Cilostazol Action Pathway48
Azithromycin Action Pathway14
Clarithromycin Action Pathway14
Clindamycin Action Pathway14
Erythromycin Action Pathway14
Roxithromycin Action Pathway14
Telithromycin Action Pathway14
Amikacin Action Pathway14
Gentamicin Action Pathway14
Kanamycin Action Pathway14
Neomycin Action Pathway14
Netilmicin Action Pathway14
Spectinomycin Action Pathway14
Streptomycin Action Pathway14
Demeclocycline Action Pathway14
Doxycycline Action Pathway14
Minocycline Action Pathway14
Oxytetracycline Action Pathway14
Tetracycline Action Pathway14
Lymecycline Action Pathway14
Thioguanine Action Pathway4781
Disulfiram Action Pathway2366
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic2452
beta-Mercaptolactate-Cysteine Disulfiduria923
Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency1837
Creatine Deficiency, Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency2047
Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA)2047
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]2047
L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency2047
Xanthinuria Type I3766
Xanthinuria Type II3766
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency1527
Ribose-5-phosphate Isomerase Deficiency1527
Transaldolase Deficiency1527
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT)3766
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-33766
Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency3766
Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency I1441
Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCAD)1441
Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (VLCAD)1441
Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency II1441
Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCAD)1441
Trifunctional Protein Deficiency1441
Primary Hyperoxaluria II, PH22139
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency2139
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency2244
Short-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCHAD)818
Homocystinuria-Megaloblastic Anemia Due to Defect in Cobalamin Metabolism, cblG Complementation Type1637
Mercaptopurine Metabolism Pathway1524
Valproic Acid Metabolism Pathway1132
Tobramycin Action Pathway14
Tigecycline Action Pathway14
Arbekacin Action Pathway14
Paromomycin Action Pathway14
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency2452
Cystinosis, Ocular Nonnephropathic923
Rolitetracycline Action Pathway03
Methacycline Action Pathway03
Lincomycin Action Pathway03
Chloramphenicol Action Pathway03
Troleandomycin Action Pathway03
Josamycin Action Pathway03
Abacavir Action Pathway05
Delavirdine Action Pathway03
Didanosine Action Pathway05
Efavirenz Action Pathway03
Emtricitabine Action Pathway03
Lamivudine Action Pathway05
Nevirapine Action Pathway03
Rilpivirine Action Pathway03
Stavudine Action Pathway03
Zalcitabine Action Pathway05
Zidovudine Action Pathway05
Fatty Acid Oxidation79
Biosynthesis of Siderophore Group Nonribosomal Peptides1821
Lipoic Acid Metabolism310
Glycolysis and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase2428
Arginine Metabolism2848
D-Glucarate and D-Galactarate Degradation1022
tRNA Charging5227
tRNA Charging 22225
Asparagine Biosynthesis612
Gluconeogenesis from L-Malic Acid2024
NAD Biosynthesis520
NAD Salvage620
Folate Biosynthesis1126
PRPP Biosynthesis38
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis2945
Fructose Metabolism1520
Glycerol Metabolism3028
Glycerol Metabolism II2930
Glycerol Metabolism III (sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine)3030
Glycerol Metabolism IV (Glycerophosphoglycerol)3030
Glycerol Metabolism V (Glycerophosphoserine)3030
fatty acid oxidation (Decanoate)614
fatty acid oxidation (hexanoate)614
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Laurate)614
fatty acid oxidation (myristate)614
fatty acid oxidation (octanoate)614
fatty acid oxidation (palmitate)614
fatty acid oxidation (steareate)613
GTP Degradation and Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis1020
Selenium Metabolism1317
Menaquinol Biosythesis1224
Phenylethylamine Metabolism1226
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis 22945
L-Carnitine Degradation I410
D-Arabinose Degradation I511
Enterobactin Biosynthesis514
Biotin-Carboxyl Carrier Protein Assembly711
Adenine and Adenosine Salvage III58
Citrate Lyase Activation311
Acetate Metabolism611
Adenosine Nucleotides Degradation813
Asparagine Metabolism412
Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids1439
Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Tetracosanoyl-CoA)1435
Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Docosanoyl-CoA)1431
Tetrahydrofolate Biosynthesis829
Lysine Metabolism722
NAD Metabolism1435
Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Icosanoyl-CoA)1427
Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (Stearoyl-CoA)1322
Selenocompound Metabolism923
Vitamin B1/Thiamine Metabolism819
Glutamine Metabolism2225
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism ( Nicotinate and Nicotinamide metabolism )2225
Pterin Biosynthesis (Folate Precursor)517
Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis615
Flavanone Biosynthesis518
Thio-Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis717
AMP Degradation (Hypoxanthine Route)413
Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation I511
Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway283
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome3566
Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism ( Alanine,Aspartic acid and Asparagine metabolism )2237
Adenylo-succinic acid = AMP + Fumaric acid ( Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )13
Arginine and Proline metabolism ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )4255
Butanoate metabolism ( Butanoate metabolism )1518
Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism ( Glutamic acid and Glutamine metabolism )1926
Glycine and Serine metabolism ( Glycine and Serine metabolism )3649
Histidine degradation ( Histidine degradation )2326
Methionine and Cysteine metabolism ( Methionine and Cysteine metabolism )2342
ATP + D-Ribose 5-phosphate = AMP + D-5-Phospho-ribosyl 1-diphosphate ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )34
Pentose phosphate cycle ( Pentose phosphate cycle )2225
Propanoate metabolism ( Propanoate metabolism )2222
Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism ( Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )10577
ATP + AMP = 2 ADP ( Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )43
AMP + Pyrophosphate = Adenine + D-5-Phospho-ribosyl 1-diphosphate ( Purine nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )14
Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )4549
UTP + AMP = UDP + ADP ( Pyrimidine Nucleotides and Nucleosides metabolism )14
Pyruvate metabolism ( Pyruvate metabolism )3027
Tryptophan degradation ( Tryptophan degradation )6454
Aerobic glycolysis020
Proteoglycan biosynthesis011
Protein Synthesis: Alanine804
Protein Synthesis: Arginine804
Protein Synthesis: Asparagine804
Protein Synthesis: Aspartic Acid804
Protein Synthesis: Cysteine804
Protein Synthesis: Glutamine804
Protein Synthesis: Glutamic Acid804
Protein Synthesis: Glycine804
Protein Synthesis: Histidine804
Protein Synthesis: Isoleucine804
Protein Synthesis: Leucine804
Protein Synthesis: Lysine804
Protein Synthesis: Methionine804
Protein Synthesis: Phenylalanine814
Protein Synthesis: Proline804
Protein Synthesis: Serine804
Protein Synthesis: Threonine804
Protein Synthesis: Tryptophan804
Protein Synthesis: Tyrosine804
Protein Synthesis: Valine804
Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis933
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Butanoate)113
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Decanoate)214
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Hexanoate)214
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Myristate)214
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Octanoate)214
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Palmitate)214
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Steareate)214
The impact of Nsp14 on metabolism (COVID-19 Disease Map)084
Regucalcin in proximal tubule epithelial kidney cells2415
Purinergic signaling053
1q21.1 copy number variation syndrome07
Riboflavin and CoQ disorders1627
Pentose phosphate pathway in senescent cells510
Sildenafil treatment07
Metabolic Epileptic Disorders2589
Mycobacterium tuberculosis biological processes3962
Mycothiol metabolism828
Mycothiol biosynthesis619
Sulfur compound metabolism1929
Cysteine synthesis from O-acetylserine715
superpathway of central carbon metabolism346
acetyl-CoA degradation to acetate011
glycolysis I118
NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)024
salvage pathways of purine nucleosides021
purine nucleotide metabolism (phosphotransfer and nucleotide modification)023
selenocysteine biosynthesis I (bacteria)09
tRNA charging pathway023
superpathway of glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle134
ethanol degradation II (cytosol)012
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation II (core pathway)011
salvage pathways of adenine, hypoxanthine, and their nucleosides023
oxidative ethanol degradation III (microsomal)015
ethanol degradation IV (peroxisomal)013
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle024
superpathway of glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff023
glycolysis II017
purine and pyrimidine metabolism032
superpathway of aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis; interconversion of aspartate and asparagine012
arginine biosynthesis I027
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I039
superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis064
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II033
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis I028
pyridine nucleotide cycling017
salvage pathways of purine nucleosides I027
asparagine biosynthesis II07
NAD biosynthesis (from tryptophan)020
superpathway of histidine, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis031
thiamin (vitamin B1) biosynthesis05
fatty acid oxidation pathway010
phenylacetate degradation09
pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis022
acetate utilization06
Carbon assimilation C4 pathway030
NAD biosynthesis I from aspartate020
NAD salvage pathway I017
NAD salvage pathway II011
Iron uptake and transport030
NAD biosynthesis II from tryptophan024
Biochemical pathways: part I0466
NO/cGMP/PKG mediated neuroprotection016
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway03
Caloric restriction and aging02
Methionine metabolism leading to sulfur amino acids and related disorders919
Amino acid conjugation of benzoic acid09
Glycolysis6132
Vesicle-mediated transport33316
Membrane Trafficking30814
Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane459
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance23216
Mitochondrial biogenesis668
Activation of PPARGC1A (PGC-1alpha) by phosphorylation23
Developmental Biology72730
Hemostasis23944
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production5015
Metabolism14961108
Carbohydrate metabolism173120
Glycogen metabolism2016
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)1311
Glucose metabolism7642
Gluconeogenesis3031
Pentose phosphate pathway1330
Metabolism of lipids500463
Fatty acid metabolism113203
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis1635
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs323
alpha-linolenic (omega3) and linoleic (omega6) acid metabolism1041
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism1031
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism524
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation2260
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids942
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA314
Peroxisomal lipid metabolism2552
Alpha-oxidation of phytanate625
Metabolism of steroids111135
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism3171
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts2068
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol1644
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol831
Recycling of bile acids and salts1810
Ketone body metabolism1019
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies817
Integration of energy metabolism4927
Regulation of insulin secretion3019
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion211
AMPK inhibits chREBP transcriptional activation activity83
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport14756
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.11019
Respiratory electron transport9113
Nucleotide metabolism89125
Nucleotide biosynthesis1246
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis936
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates2230
Nucleotide salvage2128
Purine salvage1322
Nucleotide catabolism3671
Purine catabolism2051
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins1031
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors146155
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors102114
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism39
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism411
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism1620
Coenzyme A biosynthesis514
Biotin transport and metabolism118
Nicotinate metabolism2243
Nicotinamide salvaging1030
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis817
Amino acid and derivative metabolism250260
Urea cycle822
Selenoamino acid metabolism2450
Selenocysteine synthesis614
Biological oxidations150276
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds69175
Ethanol oxidation1216
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds73122
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules1747
Amino Acid conjugation015
Conjugation of carboxylic acids015
Conjugation of benzoate with glycine08
Conjugation of phenylacetate with glutamine08
Conjugation of salicylate with glycine08
Abacavir ADME624
Abacavir metabolism423
DNA Repair25547
MMR158
Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH6 (MutSalpha)148
Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH3 (MutSbeta)148
Signaling Pathways1269117
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases29335
Signaling by Insulin receptor169
Insulin receptor signalling cascade108
IRS-mediated signalling67
PI3K Cascade45
PKB-mediated events25
PDE3B signalling25
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R)97
IGF1R signaling cascade87
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R87
Signaling by GPCR24955
GPCR downstream signalling17252
G alpha (s) signalling events1011
G alpha (i) signalling events8741
Opioid Signalling2319
G-protein mediated events1615
PLC beta mediated events1514
Ca-dependent events149
CaM pathway128
Calmodulin induced events128
Cam-PDE 1 activation44
DARPP-32 events711
Intracellular signaling by second messengers12614
DAG and IP3 signaling1410
MTOR signalling308
Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK57
Macroautophagy567
Cell Cycle53831
Cell Cycle, Mitotic41031
S Phase13114
Synthesis of DNA11310
DNA strand elongation256
Lagging Strand Synthesis166
Processive synthesis on the lagging strand104
Removal of the Flap Intermediate54
Intracellular metabolism of fatty acids regulates insulin secretion16
Regulation of leaf development1722
Chromosome Maintenance9213
Telomere Maintenance6513
Extension of Telomeres4613
Telomere C-strand (Lagging Strand) Synthesis3113
Processive synthesis on the C-strand of the telomere1613
Removal of the Flap Intermediate from the C-strand154
Metabolism of proteins1058144
Translation26733
tRNA Aminoacylation4226
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation2426
Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation2126
Post-translational protein modification666112
Gamma carboxylation, hypusinylation, hydroxylation, and arylsulfatase activation4626
Synthesis of diphthamide-EEF287
SUMOylation1676
Processing and activation of SUMO73
SUMO is conjugated to E1 (UBA2:SAE1)53
Protein ubiquitination414
Synthesis of active ubiquitin: roles of E1 and E2 enzymes63
Neddylation914
Disease1278231
Infectious disease89579
DNA Replication11911
Gene expression (Transcription)90249
RNA Polymerase II Transcription72842
Generic Transcription Pathway60839
Transcriptional Regulation by TP5321931
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes4324
Regulation of TP53 Activity9910
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation493
superpathway of L-asparagine biosynthesis010
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis I (eukaryotes)018
L-asparagine biosynthesis II07
trans-cinnamoyl-CoA biosynthesis08
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation II (plant peroxisome)016
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)013
thiazole component of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III09
acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA46
superpathway of proto- and siroheme biosynthesis1638
thiamine salvage IV (yeast)415
thiamine salvage III15
superpathway of aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis412
simple coumarins biosynthesis2221
benzoate degradation II (aerobic and anaerobic)36
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance435
RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape433
NAD salvage pathway II (PNC IV cycle)012
Immune System91482
Adaptive Immune System26424
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation7615
Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation464
adenosine nucleotides degradation II013
Innate Immune System41475
adenine salvage09
ppGpp metabolism011
lipoate salvage I06
diphthamide biosynthesis I (archaea)011
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling9013
FCERI mediated NF-kB activation635
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)8817
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling7712
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system49511
Interferon Signaling1417
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes906
ISG15 antiviral mechanism403
OAS antiviral response105
Metabolism of RNA63740
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay4110
Deadenylation of mRNA164
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease108
mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease156
tRNA processing10729
tRNA processing in the nucleus567
tRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol4325
wax esters biosynthesis II19
glycolysis IV (plant cytosol)1347
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NAD-ME type321
superpathway of L-citrulline metabolism629
superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I614
indole-3-acetate inactivation VIII614
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type119
naringenin biosynthesis (engineered)314
trans-zeatin biosynthesis718
adlupulone and adhumulone biosynthesis416
flavonoid di-C-glucosylation022
superpathway of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)324
cutin biosynthesis420
simplecoumarins biosynthesis620
L-asparagine biosynthesis I09
tetrahydroxyxanthone biosynthesis (from 3-hydroxybenzoate)021
methyl ketone biosynthesis (engineered)018
superpathway of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I1232
superpathway of tetrahydroxyxanthone biosynthesis026
indole-3-acetate inactivation III09
indole-3-acetate inactivation II08
superpathway of seleno-compound metabolism339
caffeoylglucarate biosynthesis210
u03B2-alanine biosynthesis II017
PRPP biosynthesis45
ethanol degradation II413
salicortin biosynthesis017
L-arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)227
superpathway of phylloquinol biosynthesis1731
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I315
superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis II (plants)632
lupulone and humulone biosynthesis416
L-selenocysteine biosynthesis II (archaea and eukaryotes)010
adenine and adenosine salvage II08
suberin monomers biosynthesis1036
L-arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)226
NAD biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde014
curcuminoid biosynthesis419
purine nucleosides salvage II (plant)419
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis I130
hyperxanthone E biosynthesis124
cannabinoid biosynthesis122
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NADP-ME type014
selenate reduction115
benzoate biosynthesis I (CoA-dependent, u03B2-oxidative)119
superpathway of cytosolic glycolysis (plants), pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle2856
L-asparagine biosynthesis III (tRNA-dependent)111
guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis215
ppGpp biosynthesis011
alkane biosynthesis II116
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)1220
superpathway of bitter acids biosynthesis525
ethanol degradation IV013
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis IV (eukaryotes)211
superpathay of heme b biosynthesis from glutamate1128
adenosine nucleotides degradation I327
protein NEDDylation04
phosphatidylcholine acyl editing011
superpathway of indole-3-acetate conjugate biosynthesis828
adenine and adenosine salvage VI05
biotin-carboxyl carrier protein assembly110
jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis II010
tetrahydroxyxanthone biosynthesis (from benzoate)022
nitric oxide biosynthesis II (mammals)014
long-chain fatty acid activation106
adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis311
coumarins biosynthesis (engineered)628
xanthohumol biosynthesis216
glutaminyl-tRNAgln biosynthesis via transamidation110
indole-3-acetate inactivation V67
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)519
superpathway of purines degradation in plants745
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis618
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis1628
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis III (plants)115
6-gingerol analog biosynthesis (engineered)220
superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis140
NAD de novo biosynthesis I (from aspartate)522
NAD de novo biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)024
fatty acid biosynthesis (plant mitochondria)28
indole-3-acetate inactivation VII08
superpathway of jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis012
cinnamoyl-CoA biosynthesis08
superpathway of tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis1029
3-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-CoA biosynthesis17
urea cycle217
superpathway of pantothenate and coenzymeA biosynthesis523
2-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinol biosynthesis520
IAA biosynthesis VII28
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate)1320
pyridine nucleotide cycling (plants)322
sporopollenin precursors biosynthesis426
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis II1232
gluconeogenesis I024
jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis I111
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I417
indole-3-acetate inactivation IV69
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation2529
phaselate biosynthesis314
purine nucleotides degradation I (plants)334
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation3360
flavonoid biosynthesis819
starch degradation II610
jasmonic acid biosynthesis621
benzoate biosynthesis III (CoA-dependent, non-u03B2-oxidative)016
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation II (peroxisome)717
colupulone and cohumulone biosynthesis415
coenzyme A biosynthesis II (eukaryotic)212
canavanine biosynthesis014
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis417
thiazole biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)09
umbelliferone biosynthesis113
indole-3-acetate inactivation VI07
Autophagy617
Selective autophagy364
Lipophagy23
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism720
Purine metabolism1336
assimilatory sulfate reduction II211
oxalate degradation VI214
L-glutamine biosynthesis III725
reductive TCA cycle I025
NAD salvage pathway V (PNC V cycle)017
thiamine diphosphate salvage IV (yeast)015
Drug ADME6387
Azathioprine ADME1626
Aspirin ADME822
avenanthramide biosynthesis021
N6-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine37-modified tRNA biosynthesis08
superpathway of heme b biosynthesis from glutamate022
NADH repair (prokaryotes)08
NADPH repair (prokaryotes)08
Viral Infection Pathways72739
S phase3410
Synthesis of DNA3410
Maturation114
15q25 copy number variation08
PKR-mediated signaling434
Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT)6017
M-decay: degradation of maternal mRNAs by maternally stored factors202
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Pathway8915
RSV-host interactions694
NAD de novo biosynthesis1233
L-glutamine tRNA biosynthesis29
diphthamide biosynthesis111
selenocysteine biosynthesis610
stearate biosynthesis1317
fatty acid activation84
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis119
oxidative ethanol degradation III715
adenosine nucleotides degradation818
purine nucleotides degradation1129
guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis1518
purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis3037
coenzyme A biosynthesis613
lipoate salvage16
thiamin salvage III15
superpathway of tryptophan utilization4292
protein neddylation64
arachidonate biosynthesis III (metazoa)1619
asparagine biosynthesis19
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II (metazoa)1317
fatty acid u03B1-oxidation417
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation169
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation (peroxisome)1512
u03B3-linolenate biosynthesis1410
1,4-dihydroxy-6-naphthoate biosynthesis I817
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH mitochondrial interconversion (yeast)513
superpathway NAD/NADP - NADH/NADPH interconversion (yeast)1031
pyridine nucleotide cycling (plants)022
dissimilatory sulfate reduction I (to hydrogen sufide))814
phytol degradation215
superpathway of seleno-compound metabolism744
superpathway of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis636
5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis I1238
5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis II632
PRPP biosynthesis49
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide biosynthesis III (meso-diaminopimelate containing)222
ammonia assimilation cycle III433
L-glutamine biosynthesis I725
urea cycle633
superpathway of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex biosynthesis2257
protein SAMPylation and SAMP-mediated thiolation37
peptidoglycan biosynthesis IV (Enterococcus faecium)336
L-glutamate degradation VII (to butanoate)1036
superpathway of cytosolic glycolysis (plants), pyruvate dehydrogenase and TCA cycle2459
methyl ketone biosynthesis (engineered)413
rosmarinic acid biosynthesis I334
superpathway of glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid degradation2625
superpathway of thiosulfate metabolism (Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans)010
superpathway of glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway2358
chitin degradation to ethanol1317
cis-alkene biosynthesis410
anthranilate degradation II (aerobic)311
Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle1324
hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28-nonaene biosynthesis414
superpathway of glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, TCA, and glyoxylate bypass3989
long chain fatty acid ester synthesis (engineered)212
superpathay of heme b biosynthesis from glutamate2047
anthranilate degradation III (anaerobic)28
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I1329
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis III (archaebacteria)216
salicortin biosynthesis020
peptidoglycan cross-bridge biosynthesis II (E. faecium)211
L-lysine biosynthesis IV323
(aminomethyl)phosphonate degradation1231
linoleate biosynthesis II (animals)010
thiamine salvage IV (yeast)417
thiamine salvage III25
thiamine salvage I216
acetone degradation II (to acetoacetate)316
sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism1120
sucrose biosynthesis III115
3-amino-4,7-dihydroxy-coumarin biosynthesis411
arachidonate biosynthesis III (6-desaturase, mammals)519
suberin monomers biosynthesis1342
umbelliferone biosynthesis114
sporopollenin precursors biosynthesis733
coumarins biosynthesis (engineered)831
TCA cycle I (prokaryotic)1741
phenolphthiocerol biosynthesis1231
superpathway of demethylmenaquinol-6 biosynthesis I021
phosphatidylcholine acyl editing16
8-amino-7-oxononanoate biosynthesis III313
photosynthetic 3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis (engineered)6373
dimycocerosyl triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol biosynthesis1017
superpathway of the 3-hydroxypropanoate cycle1634
3-hydroxypropanoate cycle1329
3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutanate cycle1840
biotin-carboxyl carrier protein assembly615
chitin degradation I (archaea)514
dimycocerosyl phthiocerol biosynthesis311
phthiocerol biosynthesis1320
cutin biosynthesis625
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides degradation738
superpathway of dimethylsulfoniopropanoate degradation616
aerobic respiration II (cytochrome c) (yeast)1911
wax esters biosynthesis II27
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)613
superpathway of bitter acids biosynthesis532
diphthamide biosynthesis I (archaea)212
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone biosynthesis319
2-methylcitrate cycle II315
2-methylcitrate cycle I1219
6-gingerol analog biosynthesis (engineered)420
superpathway of rosmarinic acid biosynthesis243
phenylacetate degradation I (aerobic)1530
phenylacetate degradation II (anaerobic)015
ethanol degradation II416
ethanol degradation I415
ethanol degradation III415
ethanol degradation IV415
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis1823
ethanolamine utilization1336
4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone biosynthesis515
superpathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum acidogenic and solventogenic fermentation1855
(-)-microperfuranone biosynthesis07
superpathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum acidogenic fermentation1032
2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone biosynthesis214
assimilatory sulfate reduction I1024
assimilatory sulfate reduction II1313
assimilatory sulfate reduction III311
trans-caffeate degradation (aerobic)311
pyruvate fermentation to butanoate824
ferulate degradation310
grixazone biosynthesis525
superpathway of quinolone and alkylquinolone biosynthesis724
4-coumarate degradation (aerobic)517
sulfoacetate degradation211
shinorine biosynthesis321
5-hydroxymethylfurfural degradation821
tabtoxinine-u03B2-lactam biosynthesis312
superpathway of microbial D-galacturonate and D-glucuronate degradation3592
L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis1442
adenosine nucleotides degradation III27
adenosine nucleotides degradation II1427
adenosine nucleotides degradation I227
purine nucleotides degradation I (plants)234
purine nucleotides degradation II (aerobic)2246
superpathway of purine deoxyribonucleosides degradation637
nucleoside and nucleotide degradation (archaea)722
furfural degradation517
L-cysteine biosynthesis II (tRNA-dependent)210
tRNA charging2654
glutaminyl-tRNAgln biosynthesis via transamidation910
L-carnitine degradation I417
atromentin biosynthesis38
superpathway of sulfur metabolism (Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens)011
superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I2424
superpathway of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I3649
superpathway of guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis I2436
citronellol degradation112
cis-genanyl-CoA degradation421
methylthiopropanoate degradation I (cleavage)312
naphthalene degradation (anaerobic)514
reductive TCA cycle I327
UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis1321
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis III (plants)116
4-chlorobenzoate degradation416
u03B3-linolenate biosynthesis II (animals)310
hexitol fermentation to lactate, formate, ethanol and acetate736
mixed acid fermentation3276
ferrichrome biosynthesis117
long-chain fatty acid activation84
alkane biosynthesis II114
fumiquinazoline D biosynthesis515
enterobactin biosynthesis519
sulfate activation for sulfonation1311
benzoate fermentation (to acetate and cyclohexane carboxylate)330
pyoverdine I biosynthesis723
acridone alkaloid biosynthesis317
bisucaberin biosynthesis315
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis III (Chlamydia)414
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis IV (Plasmodium)110
5-N-acetylardeemin biosynthesis014
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis I626
4-oxopentanoate degradation622
viridicatin biosynthesis020
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis V (Pyrococcus)113
desferrioxamine B biosynthesis016
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis II (Methanocaldococcus)417
superpathway of acetate utilization and formation415
superpathway of roquefortine, meleagrin and neoxaline biosynthesis022
superpathway of tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis1965
roquefortine C biosynthesis013
acinetoferrin biosynthesis414
peramine biosynthesis110
acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA510
cyclohexane-1-carboxylate degradation (anaerobic)29
superpathway of demethylmenaquinol-8 biosynthesis I1133
superpathway of tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis and salvage1370
asperlicin E biosynthesis012
ethylbenzene degradation (anaerobic)1124
4'-methoxyviridicatin biosynthesis018
superpathway of N-acetylneuraminate degradation3979
rhizobactin 1021 biosynthesis622
superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis I (bacteria)942
achromobactin biosynthesis217
yersiniabactin biosynthesis415
superpathway of arginine and polyamine biosynthesis18101
putrebactin biosynthesis416
phenylpropanoid biosynthesis1229
staphyloferrin A biosynthesis39
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleosides salvage2237
citrate lyase activation412
tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthesis938
polyacyltrehalose biosynthesis314
vibriobactin biosynthesis618
pseudomonine biosynthesis215
aurachin RE biosynthesis618
guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis1535
aurachin A, B, C and D biosynthesis1026
nickel cofactor biosynthesis214
adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis617
actinomycin D biosynthesis519
superpathway of purine nucleotide salvage1334
ferrichrome A biosynthesis520
(5R)-carbapenem carboxylate biosynthesis318
superpathway of pyrimidine nucleobases salvage1126
prodigiosin biosynthesis1029
aerobactin biosynthesis417
L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain)639
4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis (yeast)729
6-methylpretetramide biosynthesis917
pyochelin biosynthesis314
holomycin biosynthesis819
superpathway of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)1225
alcaligin biosynthesis416
superpathway of rifamycin B biosynthesis1354
nocardicin A biosynthesis619
staphyloferrin B biosynthesis720
mycothiol biosynthesis520
thiocoraline biosynthesis415
superpathway of polybrominated aromatic compound biosynthesis831
desferrioxamine E biosynthesis416
pyoluteorin biosynthesis417
novobiocin biosynthesis1741
brominated pyrroles biosynthesis414
baumannoferrin biosynthesis620
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation II (peroxisome)912
superpathway of L-methionine biosynthesis (by sulfhydrylation)1955
fatty acid u03B1-oxidation II718
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation I2316
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation (peroxisome, yeast)413
dapdiamides biosynthesis831
starch degradation II68
bacimethrin and bacimethrin pyrophosphate biosynthesis414
fatty acid u03B1-oxidation III312
superpathway of penicillin, cephalosporin and cephamycin biosynthesis1169
fatty acid u03B2-oxidation VI (peroxisome)1412
superpathway of tetracycline and oxytetracycline biosynthesis1530
streptomycin biosynthesis452
taurine biosynthesis II219
phosalacine biosynthesis2049
gluconeogenesis I2862
superpathway of hexitol degradation (bacteria)2960
gluconeogenesis II (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum)1542
glycogen degradation II1215
xylitol degradation612
glycogen degradation I850
penicillin G and penicillin V biosynthesis319
L-histidine biosynthesis1833
adenine and adenosine salvage VI36
clavulanate biosynthesis525
adenine salvage311
adenine and adenosine salvage I07
adenine and adenosine salvage II415
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis II2333
phosphinothricin tripeptide biosynthesis1956
oxalate degradation VI414
saframycin A biosynthesis618
polymyxin A biosynthesis310
rifamycin B biosynthesis930
isopenicillin N biosynthesis323
indolmycin biosynthesis830
L-threonine degradation IV415
salicylate degradation IV315
echinomycin and triostin A biosynthesis618
L-arginine biosynthesis III (via N-acetyl-L-citrulline)228
L-arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)1153
L-arginine biosynthesis IV (archaebacteria)620
L-arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)137
nitric oxide biosynthesis II (mammals)523
L-cysteine biosynthesis VIII (Thermococcus kodakarensis)29
L-cysteine biosynthesis V (mycobacteria)210
glyphosate degradation III718
jasmonic acid biosynthesis734
benzoate degradation II (aerobic and anaerobic)47
superpathway of sulfur amino acid biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)1043
superpathway of L-aspartate and L-asparagine biosynthesis730
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis III (8-desaturase, mammals)419
icosapentaenoate biosynthesis II (6-desaturase, mammals)417
L-asparagine biosynthesis III (tRNA-dependent)410
L-asparagine biosynthesis II29
tetrahydroxyxanthone biosynthesis (from 3-hydroxybenzoate)023
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum biosynthetic metabolism2279
superpathway of L-asparagine biosynthesis216
L-asparagine biosynthesis I226
sulfite oxidation III99
cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide biosynthesis II (late cobalt incorporation)1444
superpathway of L-citrulline metabolism1852
superpathway of cholesterol degradation II (cholesterol dehydrogenase)3058
superpathway of cholesterol degradation I (cholesterol oxidase)1755
sulfite oxidation II39
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione I (cholesterol oxidase)1931
cholesterol degradation to androstenedione II (cholesterol dehydrogenase)1334
colupulone and cohumulone biosynthesis418
3-phenylpropanoate degradation124
superpathway of phenylethylamine degradation939
superpathway of sulfur oxidation (Acidianus ambivalens)322
adlupulone and adhumulone biosynthesis418
tRNA splicing I712
cannabinoid biosynthesis325
glyoxylate assimilation1131
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (thermophilic bacteria)59
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (mammalian mitochondria)512
lupulone and humulone biosynthesis418
N6-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine37-modified tRNA biosynthesis47
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (yeast mitochondria)411
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (bacteria)1019
tRNA-uridine 2-thiolation (cytoplasmic)910
glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate)2149
L-citrulline degradation415
glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate)3751
glycolysis V (Pyrococcus)730
glycolysis IV (plant cytosol)747
trans-zeatin biosynthesis721
bile acids degradation940
2-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinol biosynthesis2129
glycogen biosynthesis I (from ADP-D-Glucose)425
androstenedione degradation3439
sitosterol degradation to androstenedione033
superpathway of testosterone and androsterone degradation1136
superpathway of tetrahydroxyxanthone biosynthesis028
superpathway of menaquinol-11 biosynthesis024
L-selenocysteine biosynthesis II (archaea and eukaryotes)613
superpathway of menaquinol-6 biosynthesis I324
L-selenocysteine biosynthesis I (bacteria)314
superpathway of menaquinol-8 biosynthesis I1036
superpathway of menaquinol-12 biosynthesis024
stearate biosynthesis I (animals and fungi)817
superpathway of menaquinol-9 biosynthesis124
superpathway of menaquinol-13 biosynthesis024
superpathway of menaquinol-10 biosynthesis024
thiamine salvage II928
superpathway of menaquinol-7 biosynthesis925
L-arginine degradation V (arginine deiminase pathway)619
superpathway of chorismate metabolism56186
L-glutamate degradation IV620
superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis2345
superpathway of sulfide oxidation (phototrophic sulfur bacteria)169
Entner-Doudoroff pathway I1639
Entner-Doudoroff pathway III (semi-phosphorylative)228
superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis II (plants)532
coenzyme A biosynthesis II (eukaryotic)1012
superpathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis III (mammals)613
jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis I09
jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis II18
lipoate salvage I48
lipoate biosynthesis and incorporation II211
lipoate salvage II28
aspartate superpathway25122
superpathway of phylloquinol biosynthesis1636
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis III (Staphylococcus)012
pentose phosphate pathway929
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis IV (eukaryotes)712
pentose phosphate pathway (non-oxidative branch)619
D-galacturonate degradation II426
thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis I (E. coli)218
superpathway of demethylmenaquinol-9 biosynthesis421
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage I519
superpathway of jasmonoyl-amino acid conjugates biosynthesis110
indole-3-acetate inactivation VIII419
superpathway of purines degradation in plants645
indole-3-acetate inactivation V411
indole-3-acetate inactivation III012
superpathway of L-threonine metabolism2172
superpathway of indole-3-acetate conjugate biosynthesis533
indole-3-acetate inactivation VI010
indole-3-acetate inactivation IV411
indole-3-acetate inactivation VII012
ppGpp biosynthesis523
flavonoid biosynthesis823
superpathway of anaerobic sucrose degradation2661
flavonoid di-C-glucosylation029
indole-3-acetate inactivation II010
naringenin biosynthesis (engineered)415
superpathway of glyoxylate bypass and TCA1855
superpathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage937
2-methylpropene degradation018
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, PEPCK type223
methyl tert-butyl ether degradation1425
superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis4662
C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation cycle, NADP-ME type019
2'-deoxy-u03B1-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation428
oxygenic photosynthesis7128
superpathway of pentose and pentitol degradation4661
squid bioluminescence012
firefly bioluminescence125
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I (from glutamate)1237
ethylene biosynthesis V (engineered)7842
thiazole biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)29
pyruvate fermentation to ethanol I1020
L-isoleucine biosynthesis IV319
dissimilatory sulfate reduction II (to thiosulfate)015
L-isoleucine biosynthesis V012
NAD salvage pathway I (PNC VI cycle)420
trans-cinnamoyl-CoA biosynthesis412
NAD salvage pathway II (PNC IV cycle)314
NAD de novo biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)1835
terrequinone A biosynthesis418
NAD de novo biosynthesis I (from aspartate)734
superpathway of NAD biosynthesis in eukaryotes1135
NAD salvage pathway III (to nicotinamide riboside)213
NAD salvage pathway V (PNC V cycle)421
NAD biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde816
adenine and adenosine salvage IV510
salvage pathways of adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleosides816
sulfate reduction I (assimilatory)518
arginine biosynthesis926
superpathway of thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis III (eukaryotes)2541
superpathway of purine nucleosides salvage920
thiamin salvage IV917
adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis417
tRNA splicing812
phosphopantothenate biosynthesis415
NAD salvage pathway1121
NAD/NADP-NADH/NADPH mitochondrial interconversion713
aerobic respiration (cytochrome c)3613
aerobic respiration (linear view)3613
periplasmic NAD degradation17
fatty acid oxidation (non-cyclic)913
4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine biosynthesis1229
thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis IV (eukaryotes)712
superpathway of aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis512
indole-3-acetate degradation IV1211
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate biosynthesis517
indole-3-acetate degradation V1211
tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis II2333
purine nucleosides salvage II (plant)613
L-citrulline-nitric oxide cycle514
NAD biosynthesis I (from aspartate)420
superpathway of proto- and siroheme biosynthesis1640
indole-3-acetyl-amide conjugate biosynthesis1219
sulfate reduction II (assimilatory)111
simple coumarins biosynthesis2823
PRPP biosynthesis I55
superpathway of demethylmenaquinol-8 biosynthesis821
arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)026
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate biosynthesis I017
NAD salvage pathway I018
glycolysis I (from glucose-6P)018
glycolysis II (from fructose-6P)017
asparagine biosynthesis I09
superpathway of asparagine biosynthesis010
pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis I024
arginine biosynthesis IV (archaebacteria)020
arginine biosynthesis I (via L-ornithine)027
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis113
superpathway of citrulline metabolism227
arginine biosynthesis III126
glutamate degradation VII (to butanoate)125
superpathway of chorismate576
NAD salvage pathway II110
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I414
superpathay of heme biosynthesis from glutamate721
asparagine biosynthesis III (tRNA-dependent)311
L-glutamine biosynthesis II (tRNA-dependent)39
citrulline-nitric oxide cycle523
carnitine degradation I210
pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis II434
sulfate reduction III (assimilatory)111
isoleucine biosynthesis IV319
superpathway of purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II2638
superpathway of guanosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II417
superpathway of adenosine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II1414
cyclic AMP biosynthesis588
riboflavin, FMN and FAD transformations39
selenocysteine biosynthesis II (archaea and eukaryotes)49
arginine biosynthesis IV519
bile acid biosynthesis, neutral pathway644
salvage pathways of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides030
coelichelin biosynthesis07
pantothenate biosynthesis II016
fatty acid oxidation pathway I011
streptorubin B biosynthesis020
adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (aerobic)060
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis I (animals)315
pantothenate biosynthesis I414
adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (late cobalt incorporation)2655
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis I013
7-keto-8-aminopelargonate biosynthesis II010
3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle029
suberin biosynthesis029
phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain)026
stearate biosynthesis I (animals)017
heme biosynthesis I022
4-hydroxybenzoate biosynthesis V015
thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis III (Staphylococcus)010
3-hydroxypropionate cycle024
glutamine biosynthesis III024
4-coumarate degradation414
aminomethylphosphonate degradation419
sulfate reduction V (dissimilatory, to thiosulfate)410
sulfate reduction IV (dissimilatory, to hydrogen sufide))59
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate biosynthesis II (archaea)015
diphthamide biosynthesis (archaea)111
NAD salvage pathway06
Poly(glycerol phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis012
Purine metabolism and related disorders2353
Citrulline-nitric oxide cycle214
Beta-alanine biosynthesis II118
Arginine biosynthesis526
Arginine biosynthesis II (acetyl cycle)425
Asparagine biosynthesis111
Asparagine biosynthesis III09
Canavanine biosynthesis110
NAD biosynthesis I (from aspartate)419
Pantothenate biosynthesis I117
Pantothenate biosynthesis II117
vitamin K1218
Folate biosynthesis029
Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis II128
Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis I514
Trans-zeatin biosynthesis022
Jasmonic acid signaling16
Flavonoid biosynthesis119
Lignin biosynthesis221
Suberin biosynthesis022
Fatty acid activation04
PRPP biosynthesis I04
Purine metabolism938
De novo synthesis of IMP526
De novo synthesis of AMP28
De novo synthesis of GMP112

Protein Targets (70)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.29850.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.23520.000221.22318,912.5098AID743042; AID743054
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.88880.531815.435837.6858AID504845
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.68220.000214.376460.0339AID720692
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.07190.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1259401
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.22390.035520.977089.1251AID504332
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.91450.057821.109761.2679AID1159526; AID1159528
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency31.62280.060110.745337.9330AID492961
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, ADP-dependent glucokinasePyrococcus furiosusKi60.000060.000060.000060.0000AID977610
Chain A, Ribonuclease pancreaticBos taurus (cattle)Ki46.000046.00002,323.00004,600.0000AID977610
Chain A, Ribonuclease pancreaticBos taurus (cattle)Ki46.000046.00002,323.00004,600.0000AID977610
Chain A, phosphodiesterase-nucleotide pyrophosphataseXanthomonas citri pv. citri str. 306Ki260.0000260.0000260.0000260.0000AID977610
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)70.00000.21001.89115.0000AID1065914; AID1359295
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki38.00000.14122.89278.7000AID33710
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chainEquus caballus (horse)Ki38.00000.14122.89278.7000AID33710
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Sus scrofa (pig)IC50 (µMol)1.30001.10001.32501.6000AID419859; AID477766
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2.64360.01002.00979.8000AID1076089; AID1189736; AID1517971; AID1668638; AID1703767; AID1723958; AID354019; AID453456; AID453457; AID477767; AID89523
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2.60000.00002.800510.0000AID1668638
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.10000.00020.533510.0000AID358183
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.44000.00040.764912.5000AID453456
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki80.00000.28000.29000.3000AID34928
Glycine--tRNA ligaseBombyx mori (domestic silkworm)Ki80.00000.80000.80000.8000AID1797699
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.00020.00000.04433.1000AID160455
Histamine H3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.80000.00150.88911.3000AID89523
Chain A, P-30 proteinLithobates pipiens (northern leopard frog)Ki590.0000590.0000590.0000590.0000AID977610
Chain A, Fructose-bisphosphataseShigella boydiiKi94.000094.000094.000094.0000AID977610
Chain A, Saccharopine dehydrogenase [NAD+, L-lysine-formingSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Ki55.000055.000055.000055.0000AID977610
Chain A, Saccharopine dehydrogenase, NAD+, L-lysine-formingSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)Ki55.000055.000055.000055.0000AID977610
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd3.00003.00003.00003.0000AID977611
Chain B, Glycogen Phosphorylase BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd3.00003.00003.00003.0000AID977611
Chain A, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd126.50003.0000126.5000250.0000AID977611
Chain B, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd126.50003.0000126.5000250.0000AID977611
Chain A, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE BOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Kd126.50003.0000126.5000250.0000AID977611
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)Kd245.00000.00151.66608.5000AID1436866; AID1436867
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)5.90000.57602.42535.9000AID580978
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12Kd5,000.00000.26000.26000.2600AID269136
Adenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.50000.00010.99169.8000AID699044
P2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)1.89250.00560.682810.0000AID150498
P2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)4.35000.00130.42027.2000AID150332
P2Y purinoceptor 1Meleagris gallopavo (turkey)EC50 (µMol)3.15000.00251.70498.0000AID165253
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)2.93970.01681.24885.9000AID1315824; AID1646329; AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.70000.00601.468110.2120AID1315826
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)3.65000.01681.34635.9000AID1646329; AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)3.70950.55001.69085.9000AID1315824; AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.70000.00371.891315.3890AID1315826
Protease Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd0.00110.00010.04120.5770AID162706
P2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)17.25000.06313.77049.0000AID150488
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)5.90000.57602.42535.9000AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)5.90000.57602.42535.9000AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)2.93970.01681.24885.9000AID1315824; AID1646329; AID580978
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Kd3.70000.48701.56573.7000AID1315826
Chain A, Akap18 DeltaHomo sapiens (human)Kd194.0000194.0000194.0000194.0000AID977611
Chain A, D-alanine-poly(phosphoribitol) ligaseBacillus cereusKd1,100.00001,100.00001,100.00001,100.0000AID977611
Chain C, Nuclear protein SNF4Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKd55.000055.000063.500072.0000AID977611
Chain C, Nuclear protein SNF4Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKd55.000055.000063.500072.0000AID977611
Chain C, Nuclear protein SNF4Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKd55.000055.000063.500072.0000AID977611
Chain A, Protein argonaute 1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Kd4,990.00004,990.00004,990.00004,990.0000AID977611
Chain A, Protein argonaute 1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Kd4,990.00004,990.00004,990.00004,990.0000AID977611
Chain A, Protein argonaute 1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Kd4,990.00004,990.00004,990.00004,990.0000AID977611
Chain A, Protein argonaute 1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Kd4,990.00004,990.00004,990.00004,990.0000AID977611
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Adenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)Km32.80006.00006.00006.0000AID612651
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (402)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
MAPK cascadeMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell cytokine productionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
I-kappaB phosphorylationMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
JNK cascadeMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macroautophagyMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-2 productionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
p38MAPK cascadeMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacteriumMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
anoikisMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JUN kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycleMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell sizeMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
T cell receptor signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
stress-activated MAPK cascadeMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensinMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migrationMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide catabolic process2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoside salvage2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell chemotaxisTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to heatTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compoundTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydroperoxideTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotetramerizationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of filopodium assemblyTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxideTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to purine-containing compoundTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
manganese ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulusTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion transmembrane transportTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell differentiationTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosolTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion import across plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
lactate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
pyruvate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
ADP biosynthetic processAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic processAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversionAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
AMP metabolic processAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic processAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylationAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal system developmentAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
endochondral ossificationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
developmental process involved in reproductionAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular homeostasisAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
bone mineralizationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to insulinAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin DAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin B6Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to macrophage colony-stimulating factorAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate metabolic processAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoidAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
phosphate ion homeostasisAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compoundAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
cementum mineralizationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
futile creatine cycleAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralizationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
response to sodium phosphateAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
dephosphorylationAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose 6-phosphate metabolic processFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesisFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gluconeogenesisFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
dephosphorylationFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levelsFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic processFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Ras protein signal transductionFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to magnesium ionFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity responseFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hypotonic salinity responseFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to raffinoseFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristateFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic processFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose metabolic processFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
sucrose biosynthetic processFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
pantothenate biosynthetic process2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
pantothenate biosynthetic process2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
GMP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
response to UVInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
protein homotetramerizationInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
purine nucleotide biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
GMP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
GTP biosynthetic processInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
primary ovarian follicle growthProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine productionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signal complex assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
integrin-mediated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to acidic pHProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose metabolic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein processingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
macroautophagyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell-cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
platelet activationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
forebrain developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levelsProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of integrin activationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
adherens junction organizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreadingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dephosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hippo signalingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
entry of bacterium into host cellProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
osteoclast developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ERBB2 signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
odontogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular permeabilityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
stress fiber assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transcytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Ras protein signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
oogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
progesterone receptor signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migrationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein transportProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to mineralocorticoidProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
myoblast proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of focal adhesion assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarizationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomerase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
uterus developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell projection assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
intestinal epithelial cell developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxideProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptide hormone stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to progesterone stimulusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fatty acidProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stressProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of podosome assemblyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
DNA biosynthetic processProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleusProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TORC1 signalingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prolactinProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of male germ cell proliferationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ovarian follicle developmentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of early endosome to late endosome transportProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of anoikisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosisProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cellProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
DNA metabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
leukocyte cell-cell adhesion5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to ATP5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
ADP catabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
adenosine biosynthetic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasis5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
AMP catabolic process5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic processCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine biosynthetic processCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasisAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system processAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of acute inflammatory responseAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte migrationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptide secretionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glomerular filtrationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
protein targeting to membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosisAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glutamate secretionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compoundAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic processAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nucleoside transportAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neurotrophin productionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleepAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transportAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hormone secretionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
cognitionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migrationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of painAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic processAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid catabolic processAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of painAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasisAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic depressionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
mucus secretionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mucus secretionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
triglyceride homeostasisAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contractionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic depressionAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasisP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mucus secretionP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell migrationP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shapeP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulusP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expressionP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activationP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic processP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
eating behaviorP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transportP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hormone secretionP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of penile erectionP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth factorP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to purine-containing compoundP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of muscleP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenanceP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrationP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosisP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glycolytic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
import into nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of catalytic activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet disassembly5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
lipid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathway5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macroautophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macroautophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TOR signaling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress granule assembly5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ion5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
energy homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to lipid droplet5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ADP biosynthetic processAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversionAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
AMP metabolic processAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic processAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylationAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet disassembly5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cold acclimation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
Wnt signaling pathway5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid oxidation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to caffeine5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TOR signaling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vesicle-mediated transport5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
motor behavior5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of stress granule assembly5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ion5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ethanol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organonitrogen compound5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
energy homeostasis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid secretion5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue development5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to lipid droplet5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide metabolic processAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
inosine biosynthetic processAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
adenosine catabolic processAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
defense responseP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activityP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal signal transductionP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of catalytic activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
glycogen metabolic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glycolytic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
sterol biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid metabolic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid oxidation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose import5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of catalytic activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic process5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nutrient levels5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
nail development5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
lactate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
pyruvate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic processL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
lactate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
pyruvate metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
NAD metabolic processL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (129)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
magnesium ion bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
type II transforming growth factor beta receptor bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
histone kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
linear polyubiquitin bindingMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
AMP-activated protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ADP-ribose diphosphatase activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
manganese ion transmembrane transporter activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellularly gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
mono-ADP-D-ribose bindingTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated calcium channel activityTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase activityL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate kinase activityAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoside diphosphate kinase activityAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activityAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
alkaline phosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
inorganic diphosphate phosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
pyrophosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
ADP phosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoamidase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoethanolamine phosphatase activityAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
AMP bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activityFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
monosaccharide bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activity2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
NADP binding2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
nucleotide bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
single-stranded DNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
IMP dehydrogenase activityInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
ATP bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
oxidoreductase activityInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
identical protein bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
metal ion bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
guanosine tetraphosphate bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
C-rich single-stranded DNA bindingInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase activator activityProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
heme bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
SH2 domain bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
BMP receptor bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
connexin bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
nucleotide binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
5'-deoxynucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
thymidylate 5'-phosphatase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
IMP 5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
GMP 5'-nucleotidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
XMP 5'-nucleosidase activity5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
choline O-acetyltransferase activityCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleoside bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein bindingAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activityAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
A1 adenosine receptor bindingP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled UTP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ADP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ADP bindingP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ATP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
A1 adenosine receptor bindingP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
AMP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
ADP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
AMP-activated protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
histone H2BS36 kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate kinase activityAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
AMP-activated protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
histone H2BS36 kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
N6-methyl-AMP deaminase activityAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
adenosine deaminase activityAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled ATP receptor activityP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
AMP-activated protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
AMP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
AMP-activated protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylase kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase regulator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activator activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
ADP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
AMP binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase activityL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
L-lactate dehydrogenase activityL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
kinase bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
NAD bindingL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (71)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytoplasmMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
ATAC complexMitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomeTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell projectionTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryonTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneTransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
membraneL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase complexL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
outer dense fiberAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAdenylate kinase isoenzyme 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial intermembrane spaceAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrixAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
side of membraneAlkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozymeHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
cytoplasm2-dehydropantoate 2-reductaseEscherichia coli K-12
cytosolInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
protein-containing complexInosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenaseEscherichia coli K-12
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
podosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
late endosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
actin filamentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
cell junctionProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
ruffle membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic growth coneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization, intracellular componentProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic filopodiumProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SrcHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
membrane5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome5'-nucleotidaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
synapseCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionCholine O-acetyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
axolemmaAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapseAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
terminal boutonAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
calyx of HeldAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zoneAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteAdenosine receptor A1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
ciliumP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densityP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell bodyP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
axon5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial intermembrane spaceAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
sperm mitochondrial sheathAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAdenylate kinase 2, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
axon5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAdenosine deaminase-like proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2Y purinoceptor 11Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
membraneL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase complexL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionL-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
membraneL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase complexL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionL-lactate dehydrogenase B chainHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (227)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID269136Binding affinity to Escherichia coli KPR2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16
Probing hot spots at protein-ligand binding sites: a fragment-based approach using biophysical methods.
AID70545Tested for stimulation of production of inositol phosphate in turkey erythrocyte membrane; Not active1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID52123Compound was tested for inhibition of choline acetyltransferase isolated from squid head ganglia1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Interaction of aromatic dyes with the coenzyme A binding site of choline acetyltransferase.
AID1315824Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic 2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID87300The cytotoxicity was evaluated against HeLa cells1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID162253The antiviral activity was evaluated in HeLa cells against Polio-1 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1703767Inhibition of wild-type full-length human liver FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using FBP as substrate by malachite green dye based assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 203Development of disulfide-derived fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) covalent inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1852998Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID1441848Drug level assessed as human ADK-mediated compound formation treated with adenosine at 50 uM after 30 mins by HPLC analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-23, Volume: 60, Issue:6
Synthesis and Cytostatic and Antiviral Profiling of Thieno-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides.
AID35063Inhibitory constant of rat adenylate kinase (AK II) isozymes expressed as relative maximal velocity1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID440584Ratio of Kd for Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in presence of 0.5 mM MgCl2 to Kd Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in absence of MgCl22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID150332Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 1 (hP2Y1) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID1315820Distribution coefficient, log D of the compound in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 by shake flask method2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID160455Inhibition constant against HIV-1 Protease2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Relationships between structure and interaction kinetics for HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1723958Inhibition of human liver FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using FBP as substrate in presence of PGI and G6PDH by spectrophotometric method2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-24, Volume: 63, Issue:18
Discovery of
AID54484The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against Coxsackie B4 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID218379The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Vero cells1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1436866Binding affinity to recombinant human biotinylated N-terminal GST-tagged autophosphorylated TAK1 (1 to 303 residues) fused with TAB1 (437 to 504 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 cells by SPR assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4
Identification of a selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 by biosensor-based screening of focused libraries.
AID1852994Cytotoxicity against paclitaxel-resistant human HCT116tax cells assessed as DNA damage by measuring fluorescence intensity incubated for 30 mins by Hoechst 33342 staining accumulation assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID196094Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation) in heparinized rat plasma (saline)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID612651Activity of recombinant human ADAL1 expressed in Escherichia coli by UV-spectrophotometry2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Adenosine deaminase-like protein 1 (ADAL1): characterization and substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of N(6)- or O(6)-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates.
AID216394The antiviral activity was evaluated in primary rabbit kidney(PRK) against Vesicular stomatitis virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1359285Inhibition of human TRPM2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in ADPR-induced channel currents treated extracellularly after 60 secs by whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-25, Volume: 152Design, synthesis and biological activities of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as TRPM2 inhibitors.
AID1132763Antiplatelet activity in sheep platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation pretreated for 2.5 mins followed by ADP addition by photometric analysis relative to adenosine1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 21, Issue:6
New inhibitors of platelet aggregation. 5'-Phosphate, 5'-phosphorothioate, and 5'-O-sulfamoyl derivatives of 2-substituted adenosine analogues.
AID440585Ratio of Kd for Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in presence of 2 mM MgCl2 to Kd Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase in absence of MgCl22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID1503092Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha1beta2gamma3 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID88304The antiviral activity was evaluated in primary rabbit kidney(PRK) against Herpes simplex-1 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID35089Relative Vmax value to rat adenylate kinase III.1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID1646329Allosteric activation of AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 in human HepG2 cells by scintillation proximity assay2020Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 30, Issue:2
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mogrol derivatives as a novel class of AMPKα2β1γ1 activators.
AID91555Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), determined in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID1315825Activation of recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 using Cy5-labelled SAMS as substrate assessed as protection from Thr172 residue dephosphorylation preincubated for 15 mins followed by incubation with PP2a for 60 mins measured 60 mins post okadaic 2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID327642Ratio of Kcat to Km for Thermotoga maritima S-adenosyl-homocysteine deaminase Tm0936 assessed as ammonia production2007Nature, Aug-16, Volume: 448, Issue:7155
Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function.
AID580980Activation of rat GPPase2010ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-09, Volume: 1, Issue:9
A Potent and Selective AMPK Activator That Inhibits de Novo Lipogenesis.
AID157043Maximum velocity constant of the rate of phosphorylation was determined against PRPP synthetase2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 44, Issue:22
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses.
AID1186715Activity of recombinant AK1 (unknown origin) assessed as ADP formation by spectroscopic pyruvate kinase/lactate dehydrogenase coupled assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Synthesis of {[5-(adenin-9-yl)-2-furyl]methoxy}methyl phosphonic acid and evaluations against human adenylate kinases.
AID167875Tested for relaxation of carbachol-contracted rabbit mesenteric artery at 37 degree C; Less potent or equal to 2MeSATP1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID440581Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase assessed as S-sulfocysteine formation at pH 7.5 by single turnover method in absence of MgCl22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID1359286Inhibition of human TRPM2 H995A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in ADPR-induced channel currents at 30 uM treated extracellularly after 50 to 200 secs by whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-25, Volume: 152Design, synthesis and biological activities of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as TRPM2 inhibitors.
AID77348Tested for contraction of guinea pig isolated urinary bladder detrusor muscle at 37 degree C; Not active1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID1853001Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells overexpressing human BCRP incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID1186717Ratio of Kcat to Km for recombinant AK1 (unknown origin)2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Synthesis of {[5-(adenin-9-yl)-2-furyl]methoxy}methyl phosphonic acid and evaluations against human adenylate kinases.
AID216393The antiviral activity was evaluated in HeLa cells against Vesicular stomatitis virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID354019Inhibition of human liver FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometry2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-14, Volume: 52, Issue:9
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors. 1. Purine phosphonic acids as novel AMP mimics.
AID167145The cytotoxicity was evaluated against primary rabbit kidney(PRK) activity1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID160766Dissociation rate constant for the interaction between inhibitor and HIV-1 protease2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Relationships between structure and interaction kinetics for HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID217837The antiviral activity was evaluated in primary rabbit kidney(PRK) against Vaccinia virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1132764Antiplatelet activity in sheep platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation pretreated for 2.5 mins followed by ADP addition by photometric analysis1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 21, Issue:6
New inhibitors of platelet aggregation. 5'-Phosphate, 5'-phosphorothioate, and 5'-O-sulfamoyl derivatives of 2-substituted adenosine analogues.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID34777Concentration for half-maximal velocity for adenylate kinase (AK) was determined1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID167868Tested for contraction of rabbit saphenous artery produced by 1 uM alpha,beta-MeATP at 37 degree C; Not active1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID199171The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against Reo-1 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1151008Activity at rabbit muscle AMP aminohydrolase by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis1976Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 19, Issue:8
Design of substrate-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of adenosine 5'-phosphate aminohydrolase. Effect of substrate substituents on affinity for the substrate site.
AID580981Inhibition of rat FBPase2010ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-09, Volume: 1, Issue:9
A Potent and Selective AMPK Activator That Inhibits de Novo Lipogenesis.
AID150626Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 4 (hP2Y4) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell; Antagonist effect2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID684832Inhibition of human recombinant FBPase using fructose-1,6-biphosphate as substrate incubated for 3 mins prior to substrate addition by spectrophotometric analysis2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 56Ligand-based designing, in silico screening, and biological evaluation of new potent fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors.
AID88426The antiviral activity was evaluated in primary rabbit kidney(PRK) against Herpes simplex-2 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1853006Cytotoxicity against human wild type HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction on cell viability at 100 to 200 uM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of paclitaxel by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID1315828Apparent intrinsic clearance in rat hepatocytes measured after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID196096Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCHClpp(s)A, in heparinized rat plasma2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID54327The antiviral activity was evaluated in HeLa cells against Coxsackie B4 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1852999Cytotoxicity against paclitaxel-resistant human HCT116tax cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID1853007Cytotoxicity against paclitaxel-resistant human HCT116tax cells assessed as reduction on cell viability at 100 to 200 uM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of paclitaxel by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID358183Inhibition of p60c-src expressed in chick embryo fibroblast1992Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 55, Issue:11
Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition: mechanism-based discovery of antitumor agents.
AID448478Activity at ecto-5'-nucleotidase2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Nucleoside-5'-monophosphates as prodrugs of adenosine A2A receptor agonists activated by ecto-5'-nucleotidase.
AID1503094Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha2beta1gamma3 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID96606Compound was evaluated for the antitumor activity in L1210 proliferation cells1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID91558Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap4A, in the incubation medium of INS-1 cell membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID1436867Binding affinity to recombinant human biotinylated N-terminal GST-tagged non-autophosphorylated TAK1 (1 to 303 residues) fused with TAB1 (437 to 504 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 cells by SPR assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4
Identification of a selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 by biosensor-based screening of focused libraries.
AID327641Activity of Thermotoga maritima S-adenosyl-homocysteine deaminase Tm0936 assessed as ammonia production2007Nature, Aug-16, Volume: 448, Issue:7155
Structure-based activity prediction for an enzyme of unknown function.
AID165253Measure of Agonist Potency at turkey Purinoceptor P2Y1 stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID1853008Inhibition of recombinant human P-gp ATPase activity in presence of MgATP preincubated for 40 min measured after 20 min by Pgp-Glo assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID108461The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against Measles virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1315821Apparent solubility of the compound in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 measured after 24 hrs by nitrogen detection method2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID603957Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2008European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 43, Issue:4
QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient for vitamins by optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES.
AID202915The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against forest virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1859317Inhibition of recombinant human FBP expressed in expressed Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) incubated for 1 hr by hanging drop vapour method2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-13, Volume: 13, Issue:1
Discovery of Novel Indole Derivatives as Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Inhibitors and X-ray Cocrystal Structures Analysis.
AID77354Tested for contraction of guinea pig vas deferens at 37 degree C; Not active1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID196095Percent of compound radioactivity ([3H]-Ap4A Degradation), in presence of added Ap(s)pCH2pp(s)A, in heparinized rat plasma2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8
Synthetic, nondegradable diadenosine polyphosphates and diinosine polyphosphates: their effects on insulin-secreting cells and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
AID35067Concentration for half-maximal velocity for adenylate kinase (AK III) was determined1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID358182Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus p60 v-src-induced IgG phosphorylation in tumor bearing rabbits by SDS PAGE1992Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 55, Issue:11
Protein-tyrosine kinase inhibition: mechanism-based discovery of antitumor agents.
AID717236Binding affinity to Streptomyces avidinii streptavidin at 4 mM using dye labeled Streptavidin binding aptamer by fluorescence spectral analysis method2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 22, Issue:23
Specific interactions between adenosine and streptavidin/avidin.
AID33710Inhibition constant was evaluated against horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 24, Issue:4
Sulfonate analogues of adenosine nucleotides as inhibitors of nucleotide-binding enzymes.
AID34915Concentration of compound for half-maximal velocity to Adenylate kinase II1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID1186718Ratio of Kcat to Km for recombinant AK2 (unknown origin)2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Synthesis of {[5-(adenin-9-yl)-2-furyl]methoxy}methyl phosphonic acid and evaluations against human adenylate kinases.
AID35099Inhibitory activity against rat Adenylate kinase M isoenzyme in the presence of AMP1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 8. Synthesis of disubstituted two-substrate condensation products as inhibitors of rat adenylate kinases.
AID699044Agonist activity at human A1AR expressed in HEK293T/17 cells assessed as inhibition of isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 10 mins by luciferase reporter assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Orally active adenosine A(1) receptor agonists with antinociceptive effects in mice.
AID204957The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against sindbis virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID1065915Antagonist activity at human TRPM2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of ADPR-induced maximum outward potassium current at 900 uM at +15 mV by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-27, Volume: 56, Issue:24
Structure-activity relationship of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose at the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel: rational design of antagonists.
AID477766Inhibition of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by phosphoglucose isomerase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
Designing inhibitors against fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: exploring natural products for novel inhibitor scaffolds.
AID1390105Inhibition of recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged MDO1 (58 to 325 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) using mono-biotin-ADP-ribosylated SRPK2 as substrate after 16 hrs by Western blot analysis2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8
Adenosine analogs bearing phosphate isosteres as human MDO1 ligands.
AID1711749Activation of human recombinant AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 using substrate-1 peptide as substrate incubated for 45 mins in presence of ATP by HTRF assay relative to negative control2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 20S-dammar-24-en-2α,3β,12β,20-tetrol (GP) derivatives as a new class of AMPKα2β1γ1 activators.
AID1503093Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha2beta1gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1315827Apparent intrinsic clearance in human hepatocytes measured after 4 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID1156417Inhibition of human recombinant FBPase-mediated fructose-6-phosphate formation by coupled spectrophotometric assay2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-18, Volume: 83Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of non-phosphorus-based fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors: 2,5-Diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.
AID1503091Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha1beta2gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1503095Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha2beta2gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID68444Hydrolysis rate of compound as substrate of purified recombinant rat Ecto-5'-nucleotidase2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-09, Volume: 45, Issue:10
Adenine nucleotide analogues locked in a Northern methanocarba conformation: enhanced stability and potency as P2Y(1) receptor agonists.
AID1503090Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha1beta1gamma2 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1324539Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-08, Volume: 59, Issue:23
In Silico Discovery and Validation of Amide Based Small Molecule Targeting the Enzymatic Site of Shiga Toxin.
AID34901Inhibitory constant of rat adenylate kinase (AK) isozymes expressed as relative maximal velocity1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID671898Inhibition of full length human recombinant LDHA expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 10 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID1315826Binding affinity to recombinant human AMPK alpha1/beta1/gamma1 by SPR binding assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID440574Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase assessed as S-sulfocysteine formation at pH 5.5 by single turnover method in absence of thioredoxin2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID1503096Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha2beta2gamma2 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1852995Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells overexpressing human MDR1 assessed as DNA damage by measuring fluorescence intensity at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Hoechst 33342 staining accumulation assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID1390102Binding affinity to human MDO1 assessed as change in melting temperature by DSF method2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8
Adenosine analogs bearing phosphate isosteres as human MDO1 ligands.
AID1853003Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction on cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of paclitaxel by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID155601The antiviral activity was evaluated in Vero cells against Parainfluenza-1 virus1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10
Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.
AID477767Inhibition of human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by phosphoglucose isomerase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
Designing inhibitors against fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: exploring natural products for novel inhibitor scaffolds.
AID511722Activation of rat liver AMPK assessed as concentration required to induce 50 % activity2010Nature chemical biology, Mar, Volume: 6, Issue:3
Turning enzymes ON with small molecules.
AID165257Agonist activity by measuring Purinoceptor P2Y1-promoted phospholipase C activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes; No effect as either agonist or antagonist at 10 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-09, Volume: 45, Issue:10
Adenine nucleotide analogues locked in a Northern methanocarba conformation: enhanced stability and potency as P2Y(1) receptor agonists.
AID1315823Apparent permeability across apical to basolateral side in RRCK cells2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577), a Direct Activator of Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), for the Potential Treatment of Diabetic Neph
AID1359295Inhibition of human TRPM2 assessed as reduction in ADPR-induced channel currents by whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology method2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-25, Volume: 152Design, synthesis and biological activities of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as TRPM2 inhibitors.
AID1503089Activation of human recombinant AMPKalpha1beta1gamma1 expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr using serine/threonine kinase substrate2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 140Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,7,12,12a-tetrahydro-5H-thieno[3',2':3,4]pyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolines as novel adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indirect activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1668638Inhibition of human liver FBP1 incubated for 5 mins by fluorescence method2020Journal of natural products, 05-22, Volume: 83, Issue:5
Structural Specificity of Flavonoids in the Inhibition of Human Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase.
AID671899Inhibition of human recombinant LDHB (2 to 334 amino acid residue) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells after 10 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID1517971Inhibition of human FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using FBP as substrate incubated for 5 mins by malachite green dye based spectrophotometry2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 184Discovery of novel allosteric site and covalent inhibitors of FBPase with potent hypoglycemic effects.
AID155652Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase at the ATP binding site at 500 uM1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Purine derivatives as competitive inhibitors of human erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
AID440580Displacement of [35S]APS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase by liquid scintillation counting2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID238114Dissociation constant of the compound2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 47, Issue:17
Validation of automated docking programs for docking and database screening against RNA drug targets.
AID1186716Activity of recombinant AK2 (unknown origin) assessed as ADP formation by spectroscopic pyruvate kinase/lactate dehydrogenase coupled assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 24, Issue:17
Synthesis of {[5-(adenin-9-yl)-2-furyl]methoxy}methyl phosphonic acid and evaluations against human adenylate kinases.
AID612650Kcat/Km ratio of recombinant human ADAL1 expressed in Escherichia coli2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-25, Volume: 54, Issue:16
Adenosine deaminase-like protein 1 (ADAL1): characterization and substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of N(6)- or O(6)-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates.
AID167873Tested for relaxation of carbachol-contracted rabbit aorta at 37 degree C; Potency equal to 2MeSATP1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID440577Dissociation constant, pKa at pH 6 to 9.52009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID1065914Inhibition of TRPM2 (unknown origin)2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-27, Volume: 56, Issue:24
Structure-activity relationship of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose at the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel: rational design of antagonists.
AID440583Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase assessed as S-sulfocysteine formation at pH 7.5 by single turnover method in presence of 2 mM MgCl22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID1187163Inhibition of human DNPH1 assessed as 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate production by spectrophotometrically2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 856-(Hetero)Arylpurine nucleotides as inhibitors of the oncogenic target DNPH1: synthesis, structural studies and cytotoxic activities.
AID150498Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 2 (hP2Y2) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID165258Measure of Agonist Potency at turkey Purinoceptor P2Y1 stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell; NE means no effect at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID150488Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 11 (hP2Y11) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell at 10 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID35098Relative Vmax value to Adenylate kinase M isoenzyme (adenylate kinase 1, AK1)1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID1359287Inhibition of human TRPM2 D964A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in ADPR-induced channel currents at 30 uM treated extracellularly after 50 to 200 secs by whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology method relative to control2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-25, Volume: 152Design, synthesis and biological activities of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as TRPM2 inhibitors.
AID1853000Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells overexpressing human MDR1 incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID92478Inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 24, Issue:10
Inhibition of inosinic acid dehydrogenase by 8-substituted purine nucleotides.
AID580978Activation of human AMPK after 15 mins2010ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-09, Volume: 1, Issue:9
A Potent and Selective AMPK Activator That Inhibits de Novo Lipogenesis.
AID1810936Inhibition of recombinant human FHIT at 100 uM incubated for 1 hr by fluorescence based analysis relative to control2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-08, Volume: 64, Issue:13
Synthesis of Fluorescent Probes Targeting Tumor-Suppressor Protein FHIT and Identification of Apoptosis-Inducing FHIT Inhibitors.
AID34916Concentration for half-maximal velocity for adenylate kinase (AK II) was determined1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID35062Relative Vmax value to rat adenylate kinase II.1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID35091Concentration of compound for half-maximal velocity to Adenylate kinase M isoenzyme1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID157042Michaelis rate constant is determined by the Lineweaver and Burk method against PRPP synthetase2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-25, Volume: 44, Issue:22
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues as agents against DNA viruses and/or retroviruses.
AID1132769Antiplatelet activity in sheep platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced platelet aggregation pretreated for 1 min followed by serotonin addition by photometric analysis1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 21, Issue:6
New inhibitors of platelet aggregation. 5'-Phosphate, 5'-phosphorothioate, and 5'-O-sulfamoyl derivatives of 2-substituted adenosine analogues.
AID150493Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 11 (hP2Y11) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell at 10 uM; NE means no effect at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID150632Measure of Agonist Potency at human P2Y purinoceptor 4 (hP2Y4) stably expressed in 131N1 astrocytoma cell; NE means no effect at 100 uM2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Methanocarba modification of uracil and adenine nucleotides: high potency of Northern ring conformation at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 but not P2Y6 receptors.
AID34928Inhibitory activity against rat adenylate kinase II was determined in the presence of AMP1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 8. Synthesis of disubstituted two-substrate condensation products as inhibitors of rat adenylate kinases.
AID419859Inhibition of pig FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli EK1601 by spectrophotometry2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11
A library of novel allosteric inhibitors against fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.
AID35081Concentration for half-maximal velocity to Adenylate kinase III1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 7. Selective effects in inhibitions of rat adenylate kinase isozymes by adenosine 5'-phosphate derivatives.
AID1852996Cytotoxicity against in human HCT-116 cells overexpressing human BCRP assessed as DNA damage by measuring fluorescence intensity at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Hoechst 33342 staining accumulation assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID160767Association rate constant for the interaction between inhibitor and HIV-1 protease2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Relationships between structure and interaction kinetics for HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID269131Inhibition of Escherichia coli KPR at 1 mM2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16
Probing hot spots at protein-ligand binding sites: a fragment-based approach using biophysical methods.
AID1853002Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID440582Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase assessed as S-sulfocysteine formation at pH 7.5 by single turnover method in presence of 0.5 mM MgCl22009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17
Identification of critical ligand binding determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase.
AID671897Binding affinity to 6-His-tagged human LDHA (2 to 322 amino acid residue) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by SPR analysis2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID448479Activity at alkaline phosphatase2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-10, Volume: 52, Issue:23
Nucleoside-5'-monophosphates as prodrugs of adenosine A2A receptor agonists activated by ecto-5'-nucleotidase.
AID1452127Inhibition of BODIPY-FL-ATPgammaS binding to Thermotoga maritima His-tagged HK853 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS Rosetta after 25 mins by fluorescence polarization assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-12, Volume: 60, Issue:19
Rational Design of Selective Adenine-Based Scaffolds for Inactivation of Bacterial Histidine Kinases.
AID1711748Activation of human recombinant AMPK alpha2/beta1/gamma1 using substrate-1 peptide as substrate incubated for 45 mins in presence of ATP by HTRF assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12
Discovery, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of 20S-dammar-24-en-2α,3β,12β,20-tetrol (GP) derivatives as a new class of AMPKα2β1γ1 activators.
AID1187162Inhibition of rat DNPH1 assessed as 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate production by spectrophotometrically2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-06, Volume: 856-(Hetero)Arylpurine nucleotides as inhibitors of the oncogenic target DNPH1: synthesis, structural studies and cytotoxic activities.
AID671895Binding affinity to 6-His-tagged human LDHA (2 to 322 amino acid residue) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by NMR analysis in presence of NADH2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID1189736Inhibition of human liver FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Rosetta cells assessed as reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupling based spectrophotometry2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 90Discovery of novel indole derivatives as allosteric inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
AID162706Equilibrium constant for the interaction between inhibitor and HIV-1 Protease2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 45, Issue:25
Relationships between structure and interaction kinetics for HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
AID1076089Inhibition of human recombinant FBPase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-nitro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as allosteric inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
AID1853005Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction on cell viability at 100 uM incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-08, Volume: 13, Issue:12
ATP Mimetic Attack on the Nucleotide-Binding Domain to Overcome ABC Transporter Mediated Chemoresistance.
AID453456Inhibition of FBPase in human liver2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 20, Issue:2
Sulfonylureido thiazoles as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
AID453457Inhibition of FBPase in human liver using fructose-2,6phosphate as a substrate2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 20, Issue:2
Sulfonylureido thiazoles as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
AID1151015Activity at rabbit muscle AMP aminohydrolase after 24 hrs by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis relative to AMP1976Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 19, Issue:8
Design of substrate-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of adenosine 5'-phosphate aminohydrolase. Effect of substrate substituents on affinity for the substrate site.
AID269135Inhibition of Escherichia coli KPR2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 49, Issue:16
Probing hot spots at protein-ligand binding sites: a fragment-based approach using biophysical methods.
AID89523Concentration required to inhibit the human liver recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-08, Volume: 11, Issue:1
Allosteric inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by anilinoquinazolines.
AID77361Tested for relaxation of carbachol-contracted guinea pig taenia coli at 37 degree C; Significantly less potent than ATP1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 36, Issue:24
Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AID35078Inhibitory constant of rat adenylate kinase (AK III) isozymes expressed as relative maximal velocity1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 25, Issue:6
Species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 4. Design of a two-site inhibitor of adenylate kinase with isozyme selectivity.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2006Biochemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:32
Structural and functional comparisons of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase: implications for mechanism and evolution.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2006Biochemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 45, Issue:32
Structural and functional comparisons of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase: implications for mechanism and evolution.
AID1797699In Vitro Enzyme Activity Assay from Article 10.1021/bi030031h: \\Thermodynamic characterization of the binding of nucleotides to glycyl-tRNA synthetase.\\2003Biochemistry, May-13, Volume: 42, Issue:18
Thermodynamic characterization of the binding of nucleotides to glycyl-tRNA synthetase.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB1991Journal of molecular biology, Mar-05, Volume: 218, Issue:1
Structural mechanism for glycogen phosphorylase control by phosphorylation and AMP.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB1991Journal of molecular biology, Mar-05, Volume: 218, Issue:1
Structural mechanism for glycogen phosphorylase control by phosphorylation and AMP.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB1991Science (New York, N.Y.), Nov-29, Volume: 254, Issue:5036
Structural basis for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase b by adenosine monophosphate.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB1991Science (New York, N.Y.), Nov-29, Volume: 254, Issue:5036
Structural basis for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase b by adenosine monophosphate.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2005The FEBS journal, Aug, Volume: 272, Issue:15
The binding of IMP to ribonuclease A.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2005The FEBS journal, Aug, Volume: 272, Issue:15
The binding of IMP to ribonuclease A.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2003Journal of molecular biology, Aug-22, Volume: 331, Issue:4
Crystal structure of an ADP-dependent glucokinase from Pyrococcus furiosus: implications for a sugar-induced conformational change in ADP-dependent kinase.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2003Journal of molecular biology, Aug-22, Volume: 331, Issue:4
Crystal structure of an ADP-dependent glucokinase from Pyrococcus furiosus: implications for a sugar-induced conformational change in ADP-dependent kinase.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1346599Human TRPM4 (Transient Receptor Potential channels)2004Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, Apr, Volume: 448, Issue:1
Intracellular nucleotides and polyamines inhibit the Ca2+-activated cation channel TRPM4b.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008Journal of molecular biology, Feb-01, Volume: 375, Issue:5
AKAP18 contains a phosphoesterase domain that binds AMP.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 282, Issue:34
Structure of inhibited fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Escherichia coli: distinct allosteric inhibition sites for AMP and glucose 6-phosphate and the characterization of a gluconeogenic switch.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2007The Journal of biological chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 282, Issue:34
Structure of inhibited fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from Escherichia coli: distinct allosteric inhibition sites for AMP and glucose 6-phosphate and the characterization of a gluconeogenic switch.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2007Biochemistry, Nov-06, Volume: 46, Issue:44
Crystal structures of ligand-bound saccharopine dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2012The EMBO journal, Aug-29, Volume: 31, Issue:17
Arabidopsis Argonaute MID domains use their nucleotide specificity loop to sort small RNAs.
AID1799697Enzyme Assay from Article 10.1021/jm201734r: \\Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase a inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.\\2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID1799695Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Assay from Article 10.1021/jm201734r: \\Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase a inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.\\2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 55, Issue:7
Design and synthesis of novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors by fragment-based lead generation.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008Biochemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 47, Issue:44
Crystal structure and enantiomer selection by D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA from Bacillus cereus.
AID977610Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2008Journal of molecular biology, Jan-04, Volume: 375, Issue:1
Structural basis for catalysis by onconase.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2011Cell metabolism, Nov-02, Volume: 14, Issue:5
ADP regulates SNF1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of AMP-activated protein kinase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (10,959)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19905079 (46.35)18.7374
1990's1403 (12.80)18.2507
2000's1535 (14.01)29.6817
2010's1365 (12.46)24.3611
2020's1577 (14.39)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 127.49

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index127.49 (24.57)
Research Supply Index9.37 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.63 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index243.09 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (127.49)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials257 (2.25%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews720 (6.30%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies138 (1.21%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational43 (0.38%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other10,274 (89.87%)84.16%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		4.0731O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
monoisopropanolamine
monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1.		1.9310amino alcohol;
secondary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite
9-ethyladenine
[no description available]		1.9710
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.		2.7430dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
chloroacetaldehyde
[no description available]		2.3720organochlorine compound
2-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-phosphoglyceric acid : A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 2-position.		2.0510monophosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.		4.06150bisphosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate
alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.		2.37202-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		1.9810catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2.67303-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		3.690non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid
cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids		210
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		5.56280amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1110hydroxybenzaldehydeEC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		1.9810monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		3.0810monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		1.9510hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
phosphoribosyl-n-formylglycineamide
[no description available]		1.9510
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		4.4970monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		3.66100aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		6.67290ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate
acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.		2.6330acyl monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenine
[no description available]		12.835016-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.7130guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		4.6690imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
curdlan
D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.		2.4620hexose
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		9.521061azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		3.2360arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		2.8640acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.9740amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		7.7530aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.6930benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.3870amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810aryl phosphate
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		3.3470halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
2,3-butylene glycol
2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.		210butanediol;
glycol;
secondary alcohol
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		3.3570alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		3.0950fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.6530alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		5.52130amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate
Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).		8.0950acyl monophosphate;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		3.3870carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.4220monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.1110amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		3.98140amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		2.0310catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		3.69100alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		5.25170cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid
Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.6630tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		6.16250tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		5.41620halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.8740chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		2.730monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		2.3820alkanexenobiotic
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		2.1710benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid
3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.		2.0410alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.4320trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate
nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.		3.77110aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		2.420medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		4.1140gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.8940(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		2.8740N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		3.791102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate
phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.		2.420carboxyalkyl phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		1.9910monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.4120catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		14.941102glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		5.07140aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.1310dipeptide
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		8.949472-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		3.0550alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.		3.5790glycerone phosphates;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone
[no description available]		1.9510ketotriose;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antifungal agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		5.42200sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.4320ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		4.2180aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.		2.9140monophosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		algal metabolite;
fundamental metabolite
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		2.0810alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		6.7750alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		4.3780aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glyceric acid
glyceric acid: found in urine of patient with D-glyceric acidemia & hyperglycinaemia; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. glycerol ether : Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.. glyceric acid : A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.		2.0510trionic acidfundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		5.25530alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		3.4780glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
glyoxylic acid
glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.		2.45202-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
aldehydic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbonic acid
Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		1.9510carbon oxoacid;
chalcocarbonic acid		mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom		1.9610hydracid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
poison
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		4.4220carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.5520
histamine
[no description available]		12.417724aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
thiocyanic acid
thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.		2.0110hydracid;
one-carbon compound;
organosulfur compound		Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		5.7270elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		2.8840hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		3.5180imidazole
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.8840diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		2.8740hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		3.2560dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
endolysin
lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.		2.1510alpha-amino acid;
diamino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.0710alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		3.03402-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		3.69100alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		3.4780inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		3.3470cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		8.3360acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
croton oil
[no description available]		1.9510N-acyl-hexosamine
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.0410naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		4.21180metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		6.5360pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		2.7130pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		5.7201monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.0850monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		4.6690gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
2-succinylbenzoate
o-succinylbenzoic acid: structure		2.3920dicarboxylic acid
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.4820oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		5.25170pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.9740C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		1.9510dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0410aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		1.96102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		human metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		2104-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.66100acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		3.6390long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		1.9710C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.3620aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene
phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'		2.4320ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon;
phenanthrenes		environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		1.9810benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.9440phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		7.36880carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		2.8940phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		2.4420phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.8220benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		1.9610pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		1.9410aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		7.63180acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
prephenic acid
prephenic acid: nonaromatic biosynthetic intermediate, probable immediate precursor of aromatic systems such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tannins, flavanoids; isolated from cultures of mutant E coli; structure. (1s,4s)-prephenic acid : A prephenic acid having (1s,4s)-cis-configuration.. prephenic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 1.		1.9610oxo dicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.0550propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.0610saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		3.4270azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		11.24190purine
putrescine
[no description available]		3.4680alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.4820azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		2.8840hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		7.2750methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.8740aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		3.3370hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		6.763322-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		210pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.		2.0410aliphatic sulfidealgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		4.1550divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		1.9710sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		8.03214divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		5.2160polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		6.25280polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.3670alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
succinic semialdehyde
succinic semialdehyde: structure		2.1110aldehydic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		2.0510sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.		3.110sulfur oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
food bleaching agent;
refrigerant
taurine
[no description available]		4.18170amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.68100primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		4.76100pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		3.3570methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		10.54230pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		9.66571uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		8.13591isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		4.43220xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate
isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.		2.0510prenol phosphateantigen;
antioxidant;
epitope;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
phosphoantigen
isocitric acid
isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.		3.1250secondary alcohol;
tricarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.3620benzenes;
organic amino compound
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		1.94102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		1.9910
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		3.97130oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		3.2660
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		5.32180aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		1.9910methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.0710imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		210glycerophosphocholine
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		210oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.110bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.0210chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		3.3770dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		3.5690alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.7730organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		2.0810amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.0510aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		1.9810benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methoxytyramine
3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.		2.0210monomethoxybenzene;
phenols;
phenylethylamine;
primary amino compound		biomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.3520ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		3.0610oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		1.9710
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.0210benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.6630aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.		1.9610chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.4120guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.0310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		1.9610long-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		3.9640indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7,8-dihydroxyflavone
7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.		3.0810dihydroxyflavoneantidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		3.1150
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		2.9340oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		4.87110
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		2.7130acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetyl-dl-leucine
acetylleucine: used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo		2.0210leucine derivative;
N-acetyl-amino acid
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea
beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.		1.9710
rtki cpd
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
geroprotector
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		16.472619phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		210
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		3.1150aluminium coordination entity
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		2.6930adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		1.9510N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
ampyrone
Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.		2.2110primary amino compound;
pyrazolone		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
theophylline
[no description available]		10.071511dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.42201-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7620aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		2.0210carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		3.260barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		1.9410aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.4110pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
9-anthroic acid
9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.		2.4220anthroic acid
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		1.9510enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		12.57664benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.3511benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		1.9710ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		2.3520aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		1.9710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
bemegride
Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.		2.6530piperidones
bencyclane
Bencyclane: A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.		2.3620benzenes
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		1.9910benzamides
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.0110benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl isothiocyanate
benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma		2.2110benzenes;
isothiocyanate		antibacterial drug
berberine
[no description available]		10.6380alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.730
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		2.4110secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		3.4110organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		3.3711aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		4.3322amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		1.9710quinazolines
caffeine
[no description available]		12.22760purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		4.04150aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid
beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.		3.4780glycerol monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
calmidazolium
calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.		1.9810imidazolium ionapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		5.1640benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		2.3820dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.4201-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		3.91130hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		6.8944ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		3.2460quaternary ammonium ion
cgp 12177
CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		2.0110aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		1.9910benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		1.9510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		1.9610benzodiazepine
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		15.161170aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		1.9410benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		1.9510monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.13150organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		2.6430monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
cifenline
[no description available]		2.3920diarylmethane
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		7.4620quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.1610lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		3.0650aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.920aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.3110monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		1.9510aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		210aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.3820dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.6430clonidine;
imidazoline
clotrimazole
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.3620non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cypermethrin
cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.		2.610aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
molluscicide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
cystamine
[no description available]		2.8740organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate
dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate: structure		2.610diester;
methyl ester
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.3920indolesfluorochrome
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		1.9810acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		3.9640dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.1150primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.2510alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		1.9810diarylmethane
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.68301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		2.8740benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.		2.4110diester;
phthalate ester		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		210amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		2.610dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		3.4880acyclic carboxylic anhydride
dilazep
Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.		2.8940benzoate ester;
diazepane;
diester;
methoxybenzenes		cardioprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dimaprit
Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.		2.0510imidothiocarbamic ester
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		1.9710dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		2.8640ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0510organic cation
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		6.49600piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
stallimycin
[no description available]		1.9710
disulfiram
[no description available]		2.2510organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.36203-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		2.9240branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
racemetirosine
alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)		1.9910
n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.		1.9710tertiary amine
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		3.0410aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		2.4920benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.0810dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase		5.21160
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		3.5320trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		1.9710ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		3.66100
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		3.2260aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		1.9510ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		2.38201,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		4.5680aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		3.3611dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		2.110aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.7630anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		1.9710aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		10.544piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.4120aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.4110N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		1.98101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		3.150nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		2.5220(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		3.3611fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		6.1375chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		4.2720benzoate ester
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		4.1650
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		1.9610aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.8940dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		3.7100monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
go 6976
[no description available]		2.0110indolocarbazole;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		1.9910
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		2.8740azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.360carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.4220isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		2.7230aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		4.04150haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
heptaminol
Heptaminol: An amino alcohol that has been used as a myocardial stimulant and vasodilator and to relieve bronchospasm. Its most common therapeutic use is in orthostatic hypotension. The mechanism of heptaminol's therapeutic actions is not well understood although it has been suggested to affect catecholamine release or calcium metabolism.		4.8681tertiary alcohol
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.3520barbiturates
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		5.25170phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.3620azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		18.371575aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.9940one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.3820monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.6530benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
idebenone
[no description available]		1.98101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		1.9510dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		6.32212aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		3.2160
iofetamine
Iofetamine: An amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs and from there redistributed primarily to the brain and liver. It is used in brain radionuclide scanning with I-123.		1.9610
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		1.9810benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		1.9710organic molecular entity
iproniazid
[no description available]		1.9410carbohydrazide;
pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		4.632703-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		4.4950organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		3.9640carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.6530secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		7.02620catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		1.9810cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		1.9310aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		1.9710cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		1.9610benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lavendustin a
lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source		3.0810aromatic amine
lavendustin b
[no description available]		3.0810
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		3.0850imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		10.0133benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.7930chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0210diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		1.9610isopropyl ester
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		3.520aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		1.9610nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		2.7830aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
memantine
[no description available]		2.3110adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.04101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		1.9610organic molecular entity
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		9.43250guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		1.9510benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methoxyamine
methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9410organooxygen compound
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		1.9510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		1.9710C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		2.8220beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		2.4420aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.7130imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
milrinone
[no description available]		8.0240bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		1.9810ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine
monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.		1.9710aminonaphthalene;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
protective agent
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		1.9610alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		5.79300maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionylphenylalanine
[no description available]		1.9710peptide
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		1.9710aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		4.2920benzoic acids;
guanidines
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		1.9510naphthalenes
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		1.95101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		1.9910benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		3.7620benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		3.2360C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.4320aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		1.97102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		2.3820C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		2.6530nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		1.9810isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		1.9510organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		1.9910nitrobenzoic acid
octopamine
Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.		210phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		2.4320aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.3720benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		1.9510aromatic ether
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		1.9410phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.41201,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		9.69300benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.0450aromatic amine
patulin
Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.		1.9710furopyran;
gamma-lactone;
lactol		antimicrobial agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite
pd 153035
4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.		2.4420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
bromobenzenes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		3.1350aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		1.95101,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.92120barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		7.7730oxopurine
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.3520N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.82120barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		2.04102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		2.6430aromatic amine
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		2.3520pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		1.9610acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin
[no description available]		1.9610dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde
o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.		2.3920benzaldehydes;
dialdehyde		epitope
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.4520aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.3620organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		10.39610inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		2.8640potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		2.0210aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ag 1879
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor		2.0310aromatic amine;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazolopyrimidine		beta-adrenergic antagonist;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
1-phenyl-4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinamine
[no description available]		1.9710pyrazoles;
ring assembly
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.		3.71100arenesulfonic acid;
azobenzenes;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
organic phosphate;
pyridinecarbaldehyde		purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.3920aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		2.3520aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.0310benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		3.4880benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.6530N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.3520phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		1.9410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propentofylline
[no description available]		1.9910oxopurine
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		6.66430naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		210
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		1.9510aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1H-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid: an anion channel blocker		210
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		2.3110alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		2.41101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ro 31-8220
Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor		1.9810imidothiocarbamic ester;
indoles;
maleimides		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		2.6530methoxybenzenes
rolipram
[no description available]		3.5280pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
4-bromotetramisole
4-bromotetramisole: available in levo & dextro form; L-form potent inhibitor of non specific alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		2.0110benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810morpholines
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		3.68100fluoride saltmutagen
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		3.3770haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		1.9510ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sq 22536
9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.		1.9710nucleoside analogue;
oxolanes		EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		1.9910
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		2.3720pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.37202-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.4110isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		2.4520benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		4.09150naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
talipexole
talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source		1.9710azepine
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		12.8785phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		7.211110diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		1.9410benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.3820quaternary ammonium ion
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		2.3820dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiram
Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.		2.2510organic disulfideantibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		18.2810525monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		2.0110imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		1.9910N-acyl-amino acid
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		1.9510N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		1.9510imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		2.6430N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.3110pyridopyrimidine
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		2.4120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.3110aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		1.9410organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		1.9410aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.0310chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		5.7160monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
urethane
[no description available]		2.8740carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		1.9610
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.0510aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		1.9910
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.6930inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9710mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		11.1510111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		2.94011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.151016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.2180alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.39220imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
hexobendine
Hexobendine: A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output.		2.3720trihydroxybenzoic acid
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		3.75110glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		6.33520pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.0510benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.3720nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		1.9910
dichloroisoproterenol
dichloroisoproterenol: was heading 1968-94; was DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1963-76; DCI was see DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1975-94; use ISOPROTERENOL to search DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1968-94 & DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1966-67		1.9410
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		3.74304-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		5.821802-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.06501-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		5.14111ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.884011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.6930non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		4.993111-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		3.065017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		1.941017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		2.3920NADPfundamental metabolite
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene
1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
nad
[no description available]		2.3920NADgeroprotector
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		3.0550penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.8640organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		3.2360pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		1.9910N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		1.9410organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		5.511302-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		7.1710nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene
Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.		1.9510
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		2.8740dialkyl phosphate
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		3.320guanidines
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.4120chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		25.971,20875alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		7.45630L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		3.9130C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		9.17941aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		8.76780amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		8.69772aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		5.09450pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		2.3520carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sulfamic acid
sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.		2.0210sulfamic acids
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		5.5220glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		2.372017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.3520bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.3620ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		2.3520aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.6630pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		20.882,80718adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.7230tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		6.76800uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		8.36961pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		3.690pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		2.940kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		3.3470pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		5.66260D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		5.5792monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		3.5790phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		2.3720amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		6.981010ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tributyrin
tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.		1.9910butyrate ester;
triglyceride		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		2.6630azobenzenes
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		7.94850amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		2.420amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
phlorhizin
[no description available]		2.8640aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0210aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		3.3670amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.4680organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		6.63521amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.		2.0210methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		15.5710135quaternary ammonium salt
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		1.9610nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.662017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		5.89990cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate
Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.		3.0750cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		8.96610pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.7130lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		5.33570aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		6.94720amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		1.941020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		5.2190alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytidine
[no description available]		9.74511cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		4.17170cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-hexanal
[no description available]		2.1710medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		human urinary metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		4.93380antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		4.46230diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		1.9710chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0310organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.8940formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		4.12160antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		3.0130beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		9.91193mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.8360beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		4.05150nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		1.9510nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		3.66100non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		2.6430C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		4.01140amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		6.59670amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		2.1110pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		2.0410chloroethanespolar solvent
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		6.47350L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		8.86590amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.42203'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		7.38632erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		4.86350aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-chlorobenzoic acid
4-chlorobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chlorobenzoic acid : A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		2.4220monochlorobenzoic acidbacterial xenobiotic metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		8.64771arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethyl chloride
Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.		2.0410chloroethanesantipruritic drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
local anaesthetic
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.0210primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.4620aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
tetramethylammonium
tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.		1.9510quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		1.9710tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
trichlorofluoromethane
trichlorofluoromethane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trichlorofluoromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom.		2.0410chlorofluorocarbon;
halomethane		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
NMR solvent;
refrigerant
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		2.9140alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
pentachloroethane
[no description available]		2.0410chloroethanesnon-polar solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.6430monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		1.961011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.3620benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.5990primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.3820mercaptopropanoic acidalgal metabolite
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.		1.9510pentaerythritol nitrateexplosive;
vasodilator agent
isopentane
[no description available]		2.0410alkanerefrigerant
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0410chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.0110acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2.		2.0410chloroethanes
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		3.821monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		3.0750pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		7.4110bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		1.9810enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.9240amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		2.1110organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
acenaphthene
[no description available]		2.0410acenaphthenes
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		5.771406-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		4.52250organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
[no description available]		2.0410flavin
1-naphthalenesulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9610naphthalenesulfonic acid
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.		2.0710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
naphthols		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite
fluorene
[no description available]		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
methylmercury ii
[no description available]		1.9710methylmercury compound
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		2.420glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		1.9510penicillanic acids
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
hexamethylbenzene
hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.		2.0410methylbenzene
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.3720
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		1.9510pyrrolidin-2-ones
1-methylnaphthalene
1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.		2.0410methylnaphthalenecarcinogenic agent;
plant metabolite
1-chloronaphthalene
1-chloronaphthalene: word preservative; in xylamon the active ingredient is 60% 1-chloronaphthalene; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2126		2.0410
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		1.9610aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.7530mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		1.9510indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-methylnaphthalene
2-methylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.		2.0410methylnaphthalene
2-chloronaphthalene
2-chloronaphthalene: structure in first source		2.0410
naphthacene
tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.		2.0410acene;
tetracenes
tolonium chloride
Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.		1.9510
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
proflavine
Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.		1.9510aminoacridinesantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
chromophore;
intercalator
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.3820xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		1.9710phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
1-phenylpropanol
1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source		2.1110organic molecular entity
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.3920benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
butylparaben
[no description available]		2.1110organic molecular entity
bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide
bis(1-piperidylthiocarbonyl)disulfide: indicator for analysis of copper; structure		2.2510
monosulfiram
monosulfiram: monosulfide derivative of disulfide DISULFIRAM; structure		2.2510organosulfur compound
benzothiazole
benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.		2.5220benzothiazolesenvironmental contaminant;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
2-xylene
2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410xylene
2-chlorotoluene
2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
2-dichlorobenzene
2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.		2.0410dichlorobenzenehepatotoxic agent;
metabolite
pseudocumene
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.		2.4220trimethylbenzeneneurotoxin
durene
durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.		2.4220tetramethylbenzene
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
styrene oxide
styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.2110epoxidehuman xenobiotic metabolite
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.0910butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
sulfosalicylic acid
5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.		1.9610arenesulfonic acid;
benzoic acids;
phenols		metabolite
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.		6.622905-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
butyl methacrylate
[no description available]		2.0510enoate ester
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.0510enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
tert-butylbenzene
[no description available]		2.0410
cumene
cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.		2.0410alkylbenzene
3-hydroxybenzoic acid
3-hydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.		2.4120monohydroxybenzoic acidbacterial metabolite;
plant metabolite
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		4.3560trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		2.3720trinitrobenzeneexplosive
4-cymene
4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.		2.0410monoterpene;
toluenes		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
4-hydroxyacetophenone
4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.		1.9910monohydroxyacetophenonefungal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitroaniline
[no description available]		2.0210nitroanilinebacterial xenobiotic metabolite
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.		1.9610benzaldehydes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		chromogenic compound
ethylbenzene
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		2.1510styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
1,2-dihydrostilbene
1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.		2.0410diphenylethane
n-propylbenzene
n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.		2.0410alkylbenzene
n-butylbenzene
butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1.		2.0410alkylbenzene
2-ethylhexanol
[no description available]		1.9710primary alcoholplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
1,4-dibromobenzene
[no description available]		2.0410dibromobenzene
4-xylene
p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410xylene
4-chlorotoluene
4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410monochlorobenzenes
ethylene dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.		2.0410bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
fumigant;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
butane
butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant;
refrigerant
1-butene
but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1.		2.0410butene
1,3-butadiene
buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.		1.9810butadienecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
acrylonitrile
[no description available]		2.0410aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
carcinogenic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mutagen;
polar aprotic solvent
glyoxal
[no description available]		2.3620dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
hexylene glycol
hexylene glycol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol : A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).		210glycol
dimethyldioctadecylammonium
dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0410alkane
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		1.9510ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
3-xylene
m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410xylene
mesitylene
mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.3920trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.0410trichlorobenzene
cyanuric acid
cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.		2.15101,3,5-triazinanes;
1,3,5-triazines;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound		xenobiotic
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.0410bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		2.0410monochlorobenzenessolvent
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
1-pentene
1-pentene: structure in first source		2.0410
butyl chloride
butyl chloride: structure		2.0410
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		6.64260pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		2.2110cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.1710furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		13.89623mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		2.0410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexene
cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.		2.0410cycloalkene
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		1.9710hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
diethanolamine
diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.		1.9510ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite
nonane
iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkaneplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
pelargonic acid
pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.		210medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antifeedant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
plant metabolite
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.3520peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		3.6290biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
bromphenol blue
Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.		2.41102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
2-methylbutanoic acid
2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.		2.1510methylbutyric acidbacterial metabolite;
human metabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.6630aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
anthracene
acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.		2.4620acene;
anthracenes;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
2-naphthoxyacetic acid
2-naphthoxyacetic acid: used as plant hormone to promote the growth of roots on clippings, to prevent fruit from falling prematurely; structure		1.9810naphthyloxyacetic acid
dichlorprop
dichlorprop: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid : An aromatic ether that is 2-hydroxypropanoic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted to its 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether.. dichlorprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dichlorprop. It is widely used as a herbicide for killing annual and broad leaf weeds. Only the R-enantiomer has herbicidal activity; the S-enantiomer is inactive.		2.0210aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		2.0110benzodioxoles
dibenzothiazyl disulfide
dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant. dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.		2.2510benzothiazoles;
organic disulfide		allergen
2,4-dichlorophenol
2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.2110dichlorophenol
1-hydroxyanthraquinone
[no description available]		3.0810monohydroxyanthraquinone
diatrizoate meglumine
Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.		1.9810monocarboxylic acid anionradioopaque medium
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.6830hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
monobutyl phthalate
monobutyl phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4110phthalic acid monoester
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		4140UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
1-naphthylamine
1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.3820naphthylaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		1.9610pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		2.6430naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
2,5-dimethyl-4-benzoquinone
[no description available]		1.9510
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		2.3620NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine : A bicine that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.35 at 20 degreeC.		210bicine
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		2.3920cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		1.9510methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose
3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.		2.9140D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		3.0950purine nucleoside
2-fluoroadenosine
[no description available]		2.1510adenosines;
organofluorine compound
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		3.5890cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		1.9610acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.1140catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		3.74110organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
1,12-benzoperylene
1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
benzo(e)pyrene
benzo(e)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzo[e]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		3.5420ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
benzo(j)fluoranthene
benzo(j)fluoranthene: dihydrodiol metabolites identified as mutagens; structure given in first source		2.0410naphthalenes
benzo(b)fluoranthene
benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenemutagen
fluoranthene
fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.		2.0410ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
benzo(k)fluoranthene
[no description available]		2.0410naphthalenes
triphenylene
triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic arene
chrysene
chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar.		2.0410ortho-fused polycyclic areneplant metabolite
dibenzo(aj)anthracene
dibenzo(aj)anthracene: structure in first source		2.0410phenanthrenes
benzo(a)fluorene
benzo(a)fluorene: structure in first source		2.0410carbotetracyclic compound
benzo(b)fluorene
benzo(b)fluorene: structure in first source		2.0410carbotetracyclic compound
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		3.6490azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.3370acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.3110indazole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.6830adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		3.1750cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		3.4720isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.7301,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		9.822701,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		2.6830diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		15.69842diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
cyclooctane
[no description available]		2.0410
methylphenazonium methosulfate
Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.		2.3720azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
phenazines
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		1.9510phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide
Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.		1.9510
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		3.2360azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
perfluorooctane
perfluorooctane: used in the treatment of giant retinal tears with proliferative vitreoretinopathy		7.610fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
paraoxon
[no description available]		1.9510aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
perfluorotributylamine
perfluorotributylamine: perfluorochemical (3M Co) artificial O(2) carrier. perfluorotributylamine : An organofluorine compound that is tributylamine in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorine atoms.		1.9810organofluorine compoundblood substitute;
greenhouse gas;
solvent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.6630pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		5.81180mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
6-aminonicotinamide
6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.		2.4420aminopyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary amino compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
teratogenic agent
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		1.9510benzenes;
sulfonamide
methylthioinosine
Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.		2.3720purine ribonucleoside;
thiopurine
5-fluorotryptophan
5-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 5-fluorotryptophan : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the indole ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		1.9710non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound;
tryptophan derivative
diethyl sulfide
ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.		2.0410ethyl sulfide
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.3511steroid ester
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		9.55750aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.3620ergoline alkaloid
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		4.76310thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		4.5880amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.411011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		2.6530diarylmethane
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		3.3110nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		210haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.1310bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		3.351117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		3.4702-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.420imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.0410monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine
[no description available]		2.3520amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		1.95101-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		2.3920
rhein
[no description available]		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinone
berbamine
[no description available]		7.4110phenylpropanoid
cholanthrene
cholanthrene: structure given in first source		2.0410
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.2510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
menadiol
[no description available]		2.3920methylnaphthalenes;
naphthalenediols;
naphthohydroquinone
imperatorin
imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4110psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
cdta
CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710organooxygen compound
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.		4.86110acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		4.0540isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
reticulin
Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.		2.0510benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline;
isoquinolinol		plant metabolite
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		1.9810benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
adenosine phosphosulfate
Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups.		5.28170acyl monophosphate;
acyl sulfate;
adenosine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		210dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.7130
indoline
indoline: structure given in first source		2.3110indoles
dipicolinic acid
dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.1710pyridinedicarboxylic acidbacterial metabolite
3-pyridinaldehyde
pyridine-3-carbaldehyde : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine substituted by a formyl group at position 3.		1.9610pyridinecarbaldehyde
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		1.9510quinone iminedye
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		3.1150
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.4420thiazolidine
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		3.75110
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.0410hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		2.6530organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		1.9710ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.4110organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		1.951017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
physcione
physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.		3.0810dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		3.8130flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
hemimellitene
hemimellitene: structure. 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in Centaurium erythraea.		2.0410trimethylbenzeneneurotoxin;
plant metabolite
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		2.420gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		3.75110organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		2.0110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		1.9510
3',5'-dichloromethotrexate
3',5'-dichloromethotrexate: structure		1.9710
thiamine monophosphate
Thiamine Monophosphate: Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.. thiamine(1+) monophosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.		2.610organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		1.9510thiazoles
pyrithiamine
Pyrithiamine: A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.. pyrithiamine : A pyridinium ion that is 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridine substituted at position 1 by a (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.		2.0310
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		2.3620methoxybenzenes;
phenols
4-toluenesulfinic acid
4-toluenesulfinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		2.3920amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		3.0650carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
1-chloropropane
1-chloropropane: structure in first source		2.0410
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		fuel additive;
nephrotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uranyl acetate
uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd		210
1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		5.36131dialdehydebiomarker
aceturic acid
aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0110N-acetyl-amino acid;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite
1-chlorohexane
[no description available]		2.0410
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.7230long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		4.4931organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		1.9510arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
glycylglycine
[no description available]		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
lignoceric acid
lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		1.9610straight-chain saturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		1.9610glycerophosphocholine
diepoxybutane
diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.3920epoxidemutagen
malachite green
malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.		2.7430organic chloride saltantibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
teratogenic agent
1,4-dimethylnaphthalene
1,4-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410dimethylnaphthalene
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		1.9610bis(azo) compound
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		1.9610flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.0410dimethylnaphthaleneenvironmental contaminant
1,2-dibromobenzene
dibromobenzene : Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions.		2.0410dibromobenzene
iodobenzene
iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.0410
1-hexene
1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1.		2.0410alkene
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5110
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		1.9910antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
pentachlorobenzene
pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.		2.0410pentachlorobenzenespersistent organic pollutant
phenylglyoxylic acid
phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		1.96102-oxo monocarboxylic acidbiomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite
2-methylanthracene
2-methylanthracene: structure given in first source		2.0410
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		4.87100acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
ethyl isocyanide
[no description available]		1.9610
propylurea
[no description available]		1.9510
2-sulfobenzoic acid
[no description available]		2.0710
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine
Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0710dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester		hepatic steatosis inducing agent
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		2.7430
clopenthixol
Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		2.4110N-alkylpiperazine;
primary alcohol;
thioxanthenes		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		2.1510organic molecular entity
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.3520cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.442017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.		4.031402'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		fundamental metabolite
mannoheptulose
Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.. D-keto-manno-heptulose : The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.. D-manno-heptulose : A manno-heptulose with a D-configuration. It has been found in avocados.		1.9610D-manno-heptulose
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate
diisopropylamine dichloroacetate: stimulates smooth muscle & strongly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity		2.6730carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		4.4940amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		1.9510
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		3.78110aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
2-fluoroadenine
2-fluoroadenine : An organofluorine compound that is adenine in which the hydrogen at position 2 (the carbon between the two nitrogens of the pyrimidine ring) is replaced by a fluorine.		2.1510organofluorine compound;
purines		antineoplastic agent
diphenyliodonium
diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined		1.9810
1,2-cyclohexanedione
cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.		1.9610cyclohexanedione
9-methylanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
9,10-dimethylanthracene
9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion		2.0410
diphenyl disulfide
[no description available]		2.2510benzenes
cyclopentenone
2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.		2.2110alicyclic ketone;
enone		Hsp70 inducer
n-phenylmaleimide
N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104		2.0110
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.940pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		1.9410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol
2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.		2.6730dichlorobenzene;
quinone imine
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		2.0710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		1.9710nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.1110
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.74302'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
eriochrome blue se
Eriochrome Blue SE: indicator used to measure free magnesium in biological systems; structure		1.9510
adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate
adenosine 5'-(pentahydrogen tetraphosphate) : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.		4.0140adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		2.3820phenylacetaldehydes
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.		5.47210nicotinamide mononucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
undecane
undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.6830
cadmium sulfide
[no description available]		2.110cadmium molecular entity
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.8640alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide
[no description available]		2.0610manganese molecular entity;
metal oxide
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		5.28100alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pseudouridine
[no description available]		1.9510pseudouridinesfundamental metabolite
phenylphosphonic acid
phenylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM same as N1		2.0510benzenes
vincamine
Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.		1.9510alkaloid ester;
hemiaminal;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
vinca alkaloid		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite;
vasodilator agent
digoxigenin
Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.		2.031012beta-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol		hapten;
plant metabolite
[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethyl-(phenylmethyl)ammonium
denatonium: a potent bittering agent		2.2510amino acid amide
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		2.3620cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
laudanosine
laudanosine: opium alkaloid		1.9810isoquinolines
6-methylchrysene
6-methylchrysene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410carbopolycyclic compound
decane
decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane
4-octylphenol
4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen. 4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.		7.1710phenolsmetabolite;
surfactant;
xenoestrogen
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.3520organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.771102'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.4110tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium
tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6930quaternary ammonium ion
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		3.0750methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		2.6930aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		2.420benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.98402-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		2.1510organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
flupenthixol
Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.		2.4110thioxanthenes
12-methylbenzanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
2,5-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone
[no description available]		1.9910benzoquinones;
p-quinones
cme-carbodiimide
[no description available]		1.9610
2-methylphenanthrene
[no description available]		2.0410
7-methylbenzanthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
acadesine
[no description available]		6.041401-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
uridine diphosphate galactose
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.		3.0750UDP-D-galactosemouse metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		3.69100fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		3.5720thujeneplant metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		3.3570D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		4.933801,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
cyclazocine
Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.		1.9710
ecdysone
[no description available]		1.951014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
6-oxo steroid;
ecdysteroid		prohormone
cyclic cmp
Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.35203',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotidehuman metabolite
5-methylchrysene
5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.0410carbopolycyclic compound
5,6-dimethylchrysene
5,6-dimethylchrysene: structure given in first source		2.0410
7-ethylbenz(a)anthracene
[no description available]		2.0410
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		1.94102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
denatonium benzoate
[no description available]		210
streptomycin
[no description available]		3.260antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		3.4680carbon oxoanion
l 451167
L 451167: structure given in first source		2.0210
thiophosphoryl chloride
[no description available]		1.9810
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		3.0850adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
9-benzyladenine
[no description available]		2.4220
cladribine
[no description available]		4.3141organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		2.42202-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		5.62250beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		5.86310diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		2.2510dioxolane
acetoxyacetylaminofluorene
Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene: An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.. N-acetoxy-2-acetamidofluorene : A 2-acetamidofluorene compound in which the parent 2-acetamidofluorene is substituted on nitrogen by an acetoxy group.		1.97102-acetamidofluorenescarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
nsc 520594
[no description available]		1.9810
chlorphenamidine
Chlorphenamidine: An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor.		1.9710
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid: structure given in first source		2.0310
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.420amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
hepes
[no description available]		2.3820HEPES;
organosulfonic acid
dysprosium
Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.		1.9710f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		3.4780f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
lutetium
Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.		2.110d-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		7.471640elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		10.31180elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		5.19150chromium group element atommicronutrient
neodymium
Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.		2.3620f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.		2.0110monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
osmium
Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.		1.9510iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.0210metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		2.8640elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
praseodymium
Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.		1.9510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		1.9810manganese group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.6830iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		3.89120copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
terbium
Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.		3.1350f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.4420titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		2.9340monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		4.23180cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.8840f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		2.3110chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		3.1250f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		5.7171f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		9.03140copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		1.9410monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
holmium
Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.		1.9510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		2.6730actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		2.3620elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		1.9410monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.830titanium group element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.0210copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		4.4551magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		3.0610mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		3.0750N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		2.8840D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.7130sodium phosphate
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.3720chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		3.4470iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		1.9610iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate
sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.		2.9540inorganic sodium saltchelator;
food emulsifier;
food thickening agent
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		3.5990N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		3.65100diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		2.3920metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
potassium nitrate
potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.		1.9610inorganic nitrate salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310inorganic sodium salt
magnesium phosphate (2:3)
[no description available]		1.9710inorganic magnesium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite		3.2460calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous
calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05		3.2460calcium phosphatefertilizer
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		3.98140calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride
ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710iron coordination entity
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		1.9810metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.6430inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.3510inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.		1.9610calcium salt;
inorganic calcium salt
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		4.81340dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		3.9130diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		4.6690diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
magnesium fluoride
[no description available]		2.0210
beryllium fluoride
beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.		2.4220beryllium molecular entity;
fluoride salt
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		2.7130deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
molybdate ion
molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid		3.250divalent inorganic anion;
molybdenum oxoanion		Escherichia coli metabolite
calcium pyrophosphate
Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).		2.6730calcium phosphate
thallium chloride
thallium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		1.9710inorganic chloride;
thallium molecular entity
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		3.5690
phosphoryl chloride
phosphoryl chloride: structure		2.0510phosphorus coordination entity
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		1.9610elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.4110inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		4.0731cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.3620benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		1.9610barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.3320
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.03101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
chloramine
[no description available]		2.610halide
coformycin
[no description available]		9.41220coformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		4.04150ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		2.6430S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
dimethyl adipimidate
Dimethyl Adipimidate: Bifunctional cross-linking agent that links covalently free amino groups of proteins or polypeptides, including those in cell membranes. It is used as reagent or fixative in immunohistochemistry and is a proposed antisickling agent.		1.9610
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		1.9710
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.1110titanium oxidesfood colouring
sodium tungstate(vi)
sodium tungstate(VI): inactivates molybdoenzymes in Anabaena; RN given refers to tungstic acid [H2WO4], di-Na salt. sodium tungstate : An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.		1.9910inorganic sodium saltreagent
tiletamine
Tiletamine: Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.		8.5311aralkylamine
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.3620
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		3.58906-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
1-methyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4420methyladenosinehuman metabolite
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		6.4853organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		2.3720
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		4.47230acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		6.65720halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		1.9510carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
chromium
chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen		2.3110chromium cation;
monoatomic hexacation
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		2.37202-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		3.66100halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.6630aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		3.3670L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		2.94402,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		10.63829benzenes;
phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine
[no description available]		1.9710aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		3.4211chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0410chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.02103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.4420ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
rafoxanide
Rafoxanide: Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.		2.3620
dimethyltin
[no description available]		2.0110organotin compound
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		2.3820
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		3.931303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		4.85110
fanft
FANFT: A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.		1.9510
alkenes
[no description available]		3.2260
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		5.14450glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		4.62270adenosine 5'-phosphate
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		2.8840
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		3.150inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		5.06430pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		4.94370ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		1.9610timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a methanogenic inhibitor		1.9710
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.31102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		1.9410organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		1.9510polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
enterobactin
[no description available]		2.3820catechols;
crown compound;
macrotriolide;
polyphenol		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
2-aminotetralin
2-aminotetralin: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9710tetralins
dimethyl suberimidate
Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.		1.9710
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0310sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.0110azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		4.0340amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl
tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4.		2.0410tetrachlorobenzene;
tetrachlorobiphenyl
etoposide
[no description available]		2.730beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		2.9140peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.3920catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
2,5-dichlorobiphenyl
2,5-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
dichlorobiphenyl
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.0410dichlorobiphenyl;
monochlorobenzenes
2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl
2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source		2.0410
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		10.63201-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		2.3820butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		1.9510
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		3.27605-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		1.9910pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		4.9181alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol
deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.		2.1310cyclic ketone;
enone;
primary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
trichothecene;
triol		mycotoxin
doxantrazole
doxantrazole: structure		1.9610
phenthiazamine
phenthiazamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		1.9710non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		9.19110benzamides;
carboxylic ester
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		1.9710aromatic ether
closantel
closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.		1.9610aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile;
organoiodine compound;
phenols
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		1.9710anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		3.0510
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4820
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		1.9610alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine
[no description available]		3.5320indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		1.9810diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		210nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		4.99390acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		5.3853dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		6.0832aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		2.0510aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		1.9710aromatic ketone
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9910
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.4110delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.3110hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		3.0430aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210catecholamine
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		1.9710dioxanes
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		10.031411naphthoic acid
clentiazem
clentiazem: structure given in first source		1.9910
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		3.5990
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.12506-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		18.9611830methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.8730organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		2.4110aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.240aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		5.0221monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		7.1510biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
draflazine
draflazine: a nucleoside transport inhibitor; has cardioprotective effect; draflazine is the (-)-enantiomer; R 88016 is the (+)-enantiomer		1.9810
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.2510guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.6920monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		7.73101L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		19.261,2107adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
ferric citrate
ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).		2.1110iron chelateanti-anaemic agent;
nutraceutical
terbium chloride
terbium chloride: RN given refers to the parent compound		1.9910
gadolinium chloride
gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone		2.0510gadolinium coordination entityTRP channel blocker
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		3.87120trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil
Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing		1.9610
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		1.9510aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		1.97106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
ethylenesulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9810
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		2.730inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
ici 63197
ICI 63197: structure		1.9510triazolopyrimidines
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		4.11160hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.3550aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
2,4-diamino-5-adamantyl-6-methylpyrimidine
[no description available]		2.3820
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.9440D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
acid citrate dextrose
acid citrate dextrose: used as blood preservative; a mixture of dextrose, citric acid and trisodium citrate		1.9710
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		5.1140
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.1510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		2.0210aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
xanthosine
[no description available]		2.2110purines D-ribonucleoside;
xanthosines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyclen
cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0410azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
cyclam
cyclam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0110azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.4220organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9810pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine
2'3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxyadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9910
baicalin
[no description available]		2.6920dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine
[no description available]		1.9910
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		8.63130acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		2.0210methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.0710flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
isoguanosine
[no description available]		2.0610purine nucleoside
phosphoramidic acid
phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds		3.1850phosphoric acid derivative
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		8.335401-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.6630deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		5.45210iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate
fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1110fluorine molecular entity;
phosphoric acid derivative
nojirimycin
nojirimycin: from Streptomyces ficellus; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510amino monosaccharide;
hydroxypiperidine
fructose-1-phosphate
fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.		2.420D-fructose 1-phosphate
surfactin peptide
surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.		2.420
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate
[no description available]		210
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		1.9910nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.7230glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate: for detection of alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with AMPS cpd		2.0510organosulfonic acid
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		3.68100purine nucleoside
glucose-1-phosphate
glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.		4.17170D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		3.8430cephalosporinfungal metabolite
resorantel
resorantel: structure		1.9410
lathosterol
lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.11103beta-sterol;
C27-steroid;
cholestanoid;
Delta(7)-sterol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tallimustine
tallimustine: structure given in first source		1.9710
prulifloxacin
prulifloxacin: structure given in first source		2.2510fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic
naphthalimides
Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.		3.2960
n-acetylvaline
N-acetylvaline: RN given refers to the (DL)-isomer		2.420L-valine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.7130boronic acids
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		1.9510dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		3.3570phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		5.31701,2,3-triazole
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene: structure		1.9510
guanidinopropionic acid
guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels		2.6830guanidines;
zwitterion		hypoglycemic agent
6-methyladenine
6-methyladenine: structure. 6-methyladenine : A methyladenine that is 9H-purin-6-amine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.08106-alkylaminopurine;
methyladenine		human metabolite
pinocembrin
pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.		3.0810(2S)-flavan-4-one;
dihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
vasodilator agent
harmol
harmol: harmol is oxidized form of alkaloid harmolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.3520harmala alkaloid
5-hydroxyflavone
[no description available]		2.2510flavones
rotenolone
rotenolone: decomposition product of rotenone; RN given refers to (2 alpha,6a beta,12a beta)-isomer		2.0710organic molecular entitymetabolite
metachloridine
metachloridine: structure		3.4111
2-bromohydroquinone
2-bromohydroquinone: metabolite of bromobenzene & 2-bromophenol; structure given in first source		1.9710
methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate
methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate: structure		2.4220
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-aminopyrimidine
[no description available]		2.4220aminopyrimidine
phenylazide
phenylazide: photosensitive hydrophobic non-polar probe; photolabeling agent		210
fructose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.		6.03370D-fructose 6-phosphate
9-methyladenine
9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.		2.4220methyladeninemetabolite
6-methoxypurine
6-methoxypurine: structure in first source		1.9710
8-azaadenine
8-azaadenine: xanthine oxidase inhibitor. 8-azaadenine : A triazolopyrimidine that is [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing an amino substituent at position 7.		2.5420aromatic amine;
nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetylglutamic acid
N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		1.9510N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-glutamic acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cromakalim
Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)		1.9910
atipamezole
[no description available]		2.0410
7-methyladenine
7-methyladenine: potential marker for monitoring exposure to methylatingcarcinogens. 7-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-7.		2.4220methyladeninemetabolite
2-tetradecylglycidic acid
2-tetradecylglycidic acid: structure		1.9810
efaroxan
efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.07101-benzofurans
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0110
2-aminoadenosine
[no description available]		2.520purine nucleoside
oxetanocin a
oxetanocin: from Bacillus megaterium NK84-0218; structure given in first source. oxetanocin A : A nucleoside analogue found in Bacillus megaterium in which an adenine moiety is attached to position 2 of a of an oxetane ring which is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxymethyl groups.		2.1510diol;
nucleoside analogue;
oxetanes;
primary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
lycorine
lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.		2.3110indolizidine alkaloidanticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
neamine
neamine: fragment of NEOMYCIN B; structure in first source. neamine : 2-Deoxy-D-streptamine glycosylated at the 4-oxygen with a 6-amino-alpha-D-glucosaminyl group.		2.02102,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucoside;
aminoglycoside		antibacterial agent
dmp 323
(4R,5S,6S,7R)-4,7-dibenzyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazepan-2-one : A 1,3-diazepanone ring with two 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl groups as substituents at positions N-1 and N-4, two benzyl groups at C-4 and C-7, and two hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-6 respectively.		2.0110diazepanone;
ureas		anti-HIV agent;
metabolite
bes
2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.15 at 20 degreeC.		2101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
amino sulfonic acid;
BES
xanthosine 5'-triphosphate
xanthosine 5'-phosphate : xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.. 5'-xanthylic acid : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.		2.8940purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
xanthosine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
maslinic acid
(2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria		2.0410dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
1-aminoisoquinoline
[no description available]		1.9710
4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole
[no description available]		1.9710organochlorine compound
4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine
4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine: adenine analog which suppresses growth of E coli & Bacillus cereus; inhibits cell growth & purine biosynthesis in rat hepatoma		1.9710
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide : An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.		210organic disulfide;
pyridines
tris(2-aminoethyl)amine
tris(2-aminoethyl)amine: structure given in first source		2.0110tetramine
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate
N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure		1.9810
ribose-5-phosphate
ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.84120D-ribose 5-phosphate
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		3.5520aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.		2.3820MES;
organosulfonic acid;
zwitterion
piperazine-n,n'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid): RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2'-piperazine-1,4-diylbisethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC.		1.9610PIPES
1-methylxanthine
1-methylxanthine: urinary metabolite of caffeine. 1-methylxanthine : A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.. 1-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 1-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.		7.25101-methylxanthinemouse metabolite
4-nitrophenyl sulfate
4-nitrophenyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate the mono 4-nitrophenyl ester of sulfuric acid.. 4-nitrophenyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfooxy group of 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate. The major microspecies at pH 7.3.		210aryl sulfate;
C-nitro compound		human metabolite
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol
Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.		2.0210
glucose-1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in which both phosphate groups are monophosphates.		2.3720D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		1.9810azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
d-aspartic acid
[no description available]		2.4820aspartic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid		mouse metabolite
4-aminoquinazoline
4-aminoquinazoline: structure in first source		1.9710
coenzyme a
[no description available]		12.49710adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-thio-d-glucose
5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose		1.9510
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.35703-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		5.17111iditolfungal metabolite
6-phosphogluconic acid
gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.		1.9610gluconic acid phosphatefundamental metabolite
5-bromouridine
5-bromouridine : A uridine having a bromo substituent at the 5-position.		1.9710uridinesmutagen
galaxolide
galaxolide: musk fragrance; structure given in first source. galaxolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 6, 7, 8 and 8 respectively. It is a synthetic musk used as a fragrance in cosmetics.		2.3110isochromenes;
organic heterotricyclic compound		fragrance
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine
cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid		210nucleoside analogue;
purines
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate		4.42220nucleoside triphosphate analogue
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		4.13160amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		4.87350nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside
[no description available]		1.9610
1,5-i-aedans
1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.		2.6730aminonaphthalenesulfonic acidfluorescent probe
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt		4.3422
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		2.38203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist
coronatine
coronatine: consists of a coronafacic acid joined by an amide bond to coronamic acid by coronafacate ligase; phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,4(1R*,2R*),6beta,7alpha))-isomer;		2.0210N-acyl-amino acid
phospho-l-arginine
phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.		1.9710L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		animal metabolite
n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine
N(6)-dimethylallyladenine : A 6-isopentenylaminopurine in which has the isopentenyl double bond is located between the 2 and 3 positions of the isopentenyl group.		1.95106-isopentenylaminopurinecytokinin
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate
[no description available]		4.88350nucleoside diphosphate analogue
n-(3-pyrene)maleimide
N-(3-pyrene)maleimide: structure in first source		1.9710
5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid: structure given in first source		1.9710
lopinavir
[no description available]		17.521094amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
propionyl-coenzyme a
propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.940acyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		5.722701,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
6-chloropurine riboside
[no description available]		2.3720
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		2.1310
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate): used to study interactions of structural proteins; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9610
adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine
adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine: structure		3.4680
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		2.610
2-chloroadenine
6-amino-2-chloropurine: RN & structure given in first source		2.1510
6-fluorotryptophan
6-fluorotryptophan: an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710indolyl carboxylic acid
benzyldihydronicotinamide
benzyldihydronicotinamide: structure		2.2510
imidazoleacetic acid
imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		1.9610imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6'-o-methylguanosine
[no description available]		2.0610
8-bromoadenosine
[no description available]		2.3620purine nucleoside
8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0110
5-iodotubercidin
7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase		3.3770organoiodine compound
adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		210purine nucleoside
isosteviol
isosteviol: an antihyperglycemic agent; obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside; was indexed to steviol 1985-2007		2.4110diterpenoid
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		2.0210
ribavirin 5'-diphosphate
ribavirin-5'-phosphate: RN given refers to 5'-phosphate cpd; structure. ribavirin 5'-monophosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a phosphonooxy group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.		2.07101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide;
ribose monophosphate		antiviral agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite
serine hydroxamate
serine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. serine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of serine with the amino group of hydroxylamine.		2.0310hydroxamic acid;
serine derivative		EC 6.1.1.11 (serine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
4-fluorotryptophan
4-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710
n(6)-phenyladenosine
[no description available]		2.1510purine nucleoside
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.3110
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer
methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.		1.9610alpha-D-mannoside;
methyl mannoside
2',3'-cyclic amp
2',3'-cyclic AMP: structure; ADENOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE was see ADENOSINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93; use CYCLIC AMP to search ADENOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93		3.761002',3'-cyclic purine nucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.3920methyladenosine
2'-o-methyladenosine
cordysinin B : A member of the class of adenosines that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.		1.9710adenosines;
ether		fungal metabolite
adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenosine
A2'p5'A : A (2'->5')-dinucleotide in which the two nucleoside components connected by the (2'->5')-phosphodiester linkage are adenosine.		3.2160(2'->5')-dinucleotide
uridine monophosphate-uridine
uridine monophosphate-uridine: dinucleoside monophosphate		1.9510nucleobase-containing molecular entity
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		4.76320cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.3520aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.2110sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		1.9910polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
mizoribine
[no description available]		3.1110imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
ici 164384
ICI 164384: structure given in first source. ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.		1.991017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.7130aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		1.9210
1,4-dihydropyridine
[no description available]		3.0610
quin2
Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source		2.3720
ergovaline
[no description available]		1.9810peptide ergot alkaloid
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		2.0310primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
u 74389f
U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source		1.9910
sr 48968
SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968		3.3911
1,n(6)-ethenoadenine
1,N(6)-ethenoadenine: biologically active fluorescent derivatives of this cpd potentially valuable in studies concerning interactions between adenine cpds & various enzymes for which they serve as substrates or co-factors; structure		1.9710imidazo[2,1-i]purinemutagen
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		2.0710diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
fructose 2,6-diphosphate
fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		5.85950D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.8940
dehydroretronecine
dehydroretronecine: major pyrrole metabolite of monocrotaline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510
fura-2-am
fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2		1.9910
bromoacetaldehyde
bromoacetaldehyde: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9610organobromine compound
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source		2.01101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
inositol 1-phosphate
1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.		1.9710
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets		2.4120
phosphites
Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.		2.610phosphite ion;
trivalent inorganic anion
2'-5'-oligoadenylate trimer
2',5'-oligoadenylate: inhibits protein synthesis in cell-free systems		3.2360
fingolimod hydrochloride
Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).		3.4110hydrochlorideimmunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate
[no description available]		2.3920deoxyaldohexose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		3.51802-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
octopine
D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.		1.9710amino acid opine;
amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-arginine derivative;
guanidines;
secondary amino compound		animal metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine
1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine: fluorescent probe; structure		1.9710
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		4.62270
anserine
Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.		2.4120beta-alanine derivative;
dipeptide;
zwitterion		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenylyl-(2'-5')-uridine
adenylyl-(2'-5')-uridine: see also record for uridylyl-(2'-5')-adenosine		2.8740nucleoside analogue;
purines
9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine
[no description available]		2.1510
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		1.9410short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine
N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		1.9910
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		2.0510
benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline
benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline: synthetic angiotensin converting enzyme substrate		2.8940
bn 50739
BN 50739: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		1.9710
monobutyryl cyclic amp
monobutyryl cyclic AMP: RN given refers to parent cpd. N(6)-butyryl-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocyclic amino group on the purine fragment is carrying a butyryl substituent.		1.96103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
butanamides		protein kinase agonist
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source		2.7130purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
4'-phosphopantetheine
D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate : Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.		2.7230pantetheine 4'-phosphateprosthetic group
8-azidoadenosine-3',5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
tabtoxinine beta-lactam
tabtoxinine beta-lactam: toxin from Pseudomonas syringae; structure given in first source		2.3720beta-lactam antibiotic;
monobactam;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus		2.420
nitroaspirin
nitroaspirin: a nitric oxide donor		3.1410carbonyl compound
asiatic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triol		angiogenesis modulating agent;
metabolite
clofarabine
[no description available]		2.0410adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
iodofiltic acid
iodofiltic acid: labeled with 123 I for myocardial imaging; RN given refers to unlabeled, non-isomeric cpd		1.9710
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		3.5690fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ah 6809
6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD		210xanthones
3-acetamidobenzamide
3-acetamidobenzamide: inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase		1.9710
angustmycin a
angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis		1.96106-aminopurines
calpain inhibitor 2
calpain inhibitor 2: inhibits degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and some other cysteine proteinases		2.3110peptide
pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine
pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine: structure given in first source		1.9710
alliin
alliin: nutritional supplement in diet; possible therapeutic use in anemia and splenic hypertrophy; structure. alliin : An L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group.		2.2510alpha-amino acid
8-azidoadenosine diphosphate
[no description available]		1.9810
methylthio-adp
[no description available]		3.73100
iaans
[no description available]		1.9510
bw a868c
BW A868C: a selective DP receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		210imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ribavirin 5'-triphosphate
ribavirin 5'-triphosphate: structure given in first source. ribavirin 5'-triphosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.		2.07101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide;
ribose triphosphate		antiviral agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite
flavin semiquinone
flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase		2.4110
2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-biphosphate
[no description available]		2.0710ribonic acid phosphate
magnesium pyrophosphate
magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)		1.9810
hexaamminecobalt(ii)
hexaamminecobalt(II): RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
4-aminophenylphosphate
4-aminophenylphosphate: RN refers to di-Ag salt; structure given in first source		2.7130
mebikar
mebikar: structure		1.9610imidazolidinone
butyryl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0110butanoyl-CoAsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trehalose-6-phosphate
[no description available]		1.9910trehalose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite
adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenylyl-(2'-5')adenosine
adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenylyl-(2'-5')adenosine: inhibits protein synthesis in intact mouse lymphocytes, hepatocytes & bone marrow cells		1.9610
astragaloside a
[no description available]		2.0810
n-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-n-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1h-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide
N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source; purinergic receptor antagonist		210
hydronium ion
[no description available]		1.9510onium cation;
oxygen hydride
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		2.7530nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		3.3510methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
chromozym th
chromozym TH: synthetic substrate for thrombin which acts on it to liberate p-nitroaniline (yellow color)		1.9710
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.		2.420ribulose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
5'-deoxy-5'-s-isobutylthioadenosine
5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine: considered an analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure		2.3720
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.4110adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
cdp ethanolamine
[no description available]		1.9610nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphoethanolamine		mouse metabolite
2-azidoadenosine 3',5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		2.3820
1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate
1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate: polarized fluorescence reagents		2.3720
p(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
P(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: inert toward Na pump; can be incorporated into vesicles & on continuous irradiation forms ATP; structure given in first source		210
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine
2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors		2.4720
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate)
[no description available]		2.6730
citrate phosphate dextrose
citrate phosphate dextrose: anticoagulant used in blood preservation		1.9610
cyclic adp-ribose
Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.		2.0210cyclic purine nucleotide;
nucleotide-sugar		metabolite;
ryanodine receptor agonist
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate: structure given in first source		1.9910
antibiotic g 418
antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea		2.0310
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.		2.6830ammonium betainecardioprotective agent;
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		4.73310dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		2.3920organic molecular entity
3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate)
3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate): structure given in first source		210
naadp
nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0110nicotinic acid dinucleotidecalcium channel agonist;
metabolite;
signalling molecule
coenzyme f420
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.		1.9810
fraxinellone
fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer		2.17102-benzofurans
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		10.0133benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
ferric bleomycin
iron bleomycin: iron-bleomycin complexes		1.9710
crezacin
crezacin: a 1:1 mixture of 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid and triethanolamine		2.0310
1-deoxygluco-heptulose 2-phosphate
1-deoxygluco-heptulose 2-phosphate: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/85		2.3720
8,5'-cycloadenosine
8,5'-cycloadenosine: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7alpha,8alpha,9alpha,10alpha))-isomer		1.9510
ribavirin 5'-diphosphate
ribavirin 5'-diphosphate : A 1-ribosyltriazole that is ribavirin in which the hydroxy group at the 5'-position is replaced by a diphosphate group. It is the metabolite of the antiviral agent ribavirin.		2.07101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide;
ribose diphosphate		antiviral agent;
drug metabolite
n(delta)-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-ornithine
[no description available]		1.9910
o(6)-methyldeoxyguanylic acid
O(6)-methyldeoxyguanylic acid: incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase I & II		2.0610
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		2.0110
dibutyryl cyclic-3',5'-cytidine monophosphate
[no description available]		2.9510
beta-lipotropin, gln(9)-
corynebactin: a triscatechol derivative of a cyclic triserine lactone; siderophore synthesized by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. corynebactin : A crown compound that is enterobactin in which the pro-R hydrogens at positions 2, 6 and 10 of the trilactone backbone are replaced by methyl groups, and in which a glycine spacer separates the trilactone backbone from each of the catecholamide arms. It is the endogenous siderophore of Bacillus subtilis, used for the acquisition of iron.		2.4120catechols;
crown compound;
macrocyclic lactone		bacterial metabolite;
metabolite
glycero-alpha-manno-heptopyranose
glycero-alpha-manno-heptopyranose: structure given in first source. L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose : An aldoheptose in pyranose cyclic form with L-glycero-alpha-D-manno stereochemistry.		2.0110aldoheptose
hydantocidin
hydantocidin: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces hydroscopicus		1.9910
4'-amino-6-hydroxyflavone
4'-amino-6-hydroxyflavone: a p53/56(lyn) inhibitor; structure given in first source		3.0810flavones
pyridoxal diphosphate
[no description available]		1.9710
1,5-anhydrofructose
1,5-anhydrofructose: structure given in first source		2.6103-pyrones;
anhydrohexose;
cyclic ether;
cyclic ketone;
organic heterocyclic compound;
triol
methotrexate
[no description available]		3.78110dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
sr 11237
SR 11237: structure given in first source		210
3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid
3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid: direct precursor of 7-carbon amino starter-unit for biosyn of ansamycins. 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 3-hydroxybenzoic acid carrying an additional amino substitutent at position 4.		210aminobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0310
1-o-(2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoyl)glucopyranuronic acid
1-O-(2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoyl)glucopyranuronic acid: a mefenamic acid metabolite from urine; structure given in first source		2.0810
5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribofuranosyl triphosphate
[no description available]		3.2510
adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		210
(hydroxy-2-naphthalenylmethyl)phosphonic acid
(hydroxy-2-naphthalenylmethyl)phosphonic acid: a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source		3.0810
mannitol-1-phosphate
[no description available]		210alditol 1-phosphate;
hexitol phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
umifenovir
umifenovir: an antiviral agent		10.95250indolyl carboxylic acid
n-(2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl)-n'-((1-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)cyclopentyl)methyl)urea hydrochloride
N-(2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl)-N'-((1-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)cyclopentyl)methyl)urea hydrochloride: structure given in first source; a lipid regulator		1.9810
gp 1-515
GP 1-515: an adenosine kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source		210
osw 1
OSW 1: RN given for the (3beta,16beta)-isomer		2.110
thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp
thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide		4.1331
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.4120amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure		3.0650
5'-(sulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine
5'-(sulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: covalently binds to platelet membrane		3.0810
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid: an ethylcyclopropyl amino-acid derived from isoleucine; it may be coupled to coronafacic acid by coronafacate ligase to form coronatine; substrate of malonyltransferase & inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid malonyltransferase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0210amino monocarboxylic acid
imidazolecarboxamide
imidazolecarboxamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also related record for imidazole-4-carboxamide		1.9310
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine: sulfur atom replaces double-bonded oxygen in phosphate group; RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer		1.9610
cytidine 5'-phospho-2-methylimidazolide
[no description available]		210
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.3720D-xylose
5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone
5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.1310ether;
flavonoids
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation		2.2510
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		7.25311amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone
3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol: a neuroprotective agent		2.2510hydroxyflavan
diquafosol
diquafosol: purinoceptor P2Y(2) receptor agonist. P(1),P(4)-bis(uridin-5'-yl) tetraphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		3.110pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		mouse metabolite;
P2Y2 receptor agonist
tariquidar
[no description available]		2.5220benzamides
peptide elongation factor 2
Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.		2.0210
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.6109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.7120azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium
1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 4/85		1.9910
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		2.4110carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		1.9310organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone
3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets		2.1310ether;
flavonoids
glucosyl fluoride
glucosyl fluoride: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer		1.9610
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420
tyrosinamide
tyrosinamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-tyrosinamide : An amino acid amide that is L-tyrosine in which the carboxy OH group is replaced by NH2.		2.1110amino acid amide;
L-tyrosine derivative
tyrosinol
tyrosinol: amino alcohol analog of tyrosine; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		6.9610
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.3911aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		1.9510methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
birb 796
[no description available]		2.4110aromatic ether;
morpholines;
naphthalenes;
pyrazoles;
ureas		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		440oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		5.3131organic sulfate salt
rhodioloside
[no description available]		2.0410glycoside
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate
adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.		3.96130adenosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfoacetaldehyde
[no description available]		2.0510alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
organosulfonic acid
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		4.76100carbodiimide
saicar
SAICAR: adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR. SAICAR : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid.		3.791101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimethylsulfonioacetate
dimethylthetin: synthetic analog of glycine betaine; structure in first source		2.0610sulfonium betaine
cerous chloride
cerous chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeCl3		1.9610cerium coordination entity
adenosine 5'-phosphoroimidazolide
[no description available]		3.68100
stephenanthrine
stephenanthrine: from the root of Stephania tetranda S. Moore & Dennettia tripetala; structure in first source. stephanthrine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 2-(2H-phenanthro[3,4-d][1,3]dioxole in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0110cyclic acetal;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound
8-bromo-2'-amp
[no description available]		3.2260
n(6)-(n-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine
N(6)-(N-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine: anticodon adjacent nucleoside; occurs at3'end of anticodon in most tRNA's whih read codons beginning with adenosine;RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine : An N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine in which the threonine portion has L-configuration.		2.5420L-threonine derivative;
N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
ampelopsin
ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.1110dihydromyricetin;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
minimycin
minimycin: structure		1.9510
ethyl adenosine-5'-carboxylate
ethyl adenosine-5'-carboxylate: potent vasoactive substance; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9510
etheno-amp
[no description available]		5.02130
2-chloro-atp
2-chloro-ATP: new ATP analog; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure		2.420
heptaminol amp amidate
heptaminol AMP amidate: structure given in first source		4.8681
sclareol
sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.		2.3110labdane diterpenoidantifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
3-aminopyridine-1,n(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate
3-aminopyridine-1,N(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate: fluorescent reagent for NADP-requiring enzymes		1.9810
bn 50726
BN 50726: platelet activating factor inhibitor; antagonizes PAF receptor binding		1.9710
2-hexynyladenosine-5'-n-ethylcarboxamide
2-hexynyladenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide: adenosine receptor agonist		2.3110
calcium pyrophosphate
[no description available]		3.2460
adenylyl-(3'-5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate
thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the mono-p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate.		2.9640aryl phosphate;
C-nitro compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate : A ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway.		2.1110ketoheptose phosphate;
sedoheptulose derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
histidinol
L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer).		1.9510amino alcohol;
imidazoles		EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		3.78110diadenosyl triphosphatemouse metabolite
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide: intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD		2.0110nicotinic acid dinucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.0210amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide
5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide: purine precursor		2101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.3620iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
xylulose 1,5-bisphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610xylulose phosphateEC 4.1.1.39 (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) inhibitor
udp-glucosamine
UDP-glucosamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer. UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine : A UDP-amino sugar having alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino-sugar component.		2.1310UDP-amino sugar
boswellic acid
boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal		2.3110triterpenoid
adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		2.9240
tyrosinyl-5'-amp
tyrosinyl-5'-AMP: RN given refers to S-isomer		4.12160
nicotinamide 1,n(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide: structure		3.5120
adenosine 5'-o-(1-thiodiphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate): do not confuse with ADP beta S		2.4120
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine
3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine: regulatory substance inducing production of rifamycin in Nocardia sp; structure given in first source		6.27290
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		7.38610biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		10.09140amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
methyl 4-azidophenylacetimidate
methyl 4-azidophenylacetimidate: RN given refers to mono-HCl		1.9510
gr 144053
GR 144053: structure given in first source		2.0210piperazines
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		5.13150
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0610imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.0410indoles;
maleimides
zm 241385
ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor		3.1550diamino-1,3,5-triazine
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		7.31320divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
4',6-dihydroxyflavone
4',6-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4' and 6.		3.0810dihydroxyflavone
dioxiram
dioxiram: structure given in first source		2.2510
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.4110aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
2,6-anhydro-1-deoxygluco-hept-1-enitol
2,6-anhydro-1-deoxygluco-hept-1-enitol: structure given in first source		1.9610
6-chloropurine 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		2.3720
adenosine monophosphate-adenosine
adenosine monophosphate-adenosine: dinucleoside monophosphate; RN given for 5'-5' cpd		2.6530
2'-deoxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		1.9710
adenosine triphosphate monophosphate
[no description available]		3.0350
2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		2.6630
re 102
[no description available]		1.9410
adenosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		2.3620
phenylalanyl adenylate
phenylalanyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		3.4880
2-anilino-5-thiazolinone
[no description available]		2.1310
atp-gamma-4-(n-2-chloroethyl-n-methylamino)benzylamidate
ATP-gamma-4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamidate: reactive ATP derivative which can act as competitive inhibitor of creatine kinase		1.9510
nicotinamide arabinoside adenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide arabinoside adenine dinucleotide: RN refers to (alpha)-isomer		2.0310dinucleotide
4-nitrophenyl phosphonate
4-nitrophenyl phosphonate: catalyzes hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters		2.0210
n(4)-hydroxycytidine
N(4)-hydroxycytidine : A nucleoside analogue that is cytidine which carries a hydroxy group at the N(4)-positon. It has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, SARS-CoV , SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.		3.4550ketoxime;
nucleoside analogue		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
drug metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
lapatinib
[no description available]		2.4110furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		5.4760carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
sorafenib
[no description available]		2.1510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		1.9510alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		3.15012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-phenylacrylamide
N-phenylacrylamide: structure in first source		2.2110
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		3.67100bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		2.643011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gossypol acetic acid
[no description available]		1.9910
4'-hydroxyflavone
4'-hydroxyflavone: structure in first source		3.5320
2-methylthioadenosine
[no description available]		2.0710
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.76302-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		1.991017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
2-chlorobiphenyl
2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.		2.0410monochlorobiphenyl
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		4.3960
sodium bromide
sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.		2.0410bromide salt;
inorganic sodium salt
withaferin a
withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		3.411027-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
fusicoccin
fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure		3.5420
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.9430alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		3.0610isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.7130acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone
3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone: structure in first source		3.0810ether;
flavonoids
4-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenols
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		2.8220
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		16.9810231,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
mrs 1220
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline: structure in first source		2.9440quinazolines
4-(3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino)-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride
4-(3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino)-7-chloroquinoline hydrochloride: structure in first source		2.0110
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		3.7730
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		2.2510
3-deazaadenine
[no description available]		1.9710
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.3920
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.4120
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.7130inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
biotinyl n-hydroxysuccinimide ester
biotinyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester: used to prepare biotinylated erythrocytes		2.0710
9-deazaadenosine
[no description available]		1.9610
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		3.78110adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.		2.3820glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatemouse metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		2.3920thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		18.952585
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer
D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.		2.1110xylulose 5-phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycerate 1,3-biphosphate
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate : The (R)-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate.		2.4202,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid;
acyl monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arabinose
[no description available]		3.4780L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		1.9810N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.6830peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		7.16113oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		1.9410amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		2.0210
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		4.15170D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		7.3110oligopeptide
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		4.2770amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		4.18503,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
ribose 1-phosphate
ribose 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate : The 1-phospho derivative of alpha-D-ribose.		2.3920D-ribose 1-phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		3.87120raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		3.5320(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
pantoic acid
pantoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4220pantoic acid
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		2.4620
n-acetyllactosamine
N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.		1.9810beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		2.3520heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		4.3660pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		1.97101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
theanine
theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.		3.8721amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine		geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
7-dehydrocholesterol
[no description available]		2.04103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
cholestanoid;
Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		6120myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		4.8435011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		4.03150puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		3.5320taxifolinmetabolite
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		2.730tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.99140coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		2.3720L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenosine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with two methyl groups attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		1.9510hydrocarbyladenosine
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.4220guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310
adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate
adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate : The phosphoramadite analogue of AMP.		3.79110organic phosphoramidateMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(iii)
nitro-bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(pyridine)cobalt(III): structure given in first source. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate : A diadenosyl pentaphosphate having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(5)-positions.		1.9610diadenosyl pentaphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.		4.14160nucleoside triphosphate analogue
eriodictyol
eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.25103'-hydroxyflavanones;
tetrahydroxyflavanone
acetyl adenylate
acetyl adenylate: used to acetylate histones in chromatin		3.36705'-acylphosphoadenosinhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.8840monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		3.4780cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		2.35201-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.3720cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		2.0110L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.06102,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		5.923311beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
beta-D-ribopyranose
beta-D-ribopyranose : A D-ribopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.4620D-ribopyranose
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		2.3720homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		3.2660
naringin
[no description available]		7.610(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone
baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether: stimulates fatty acid beta-oxidation; structure in first source. 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone : A trimethoxyflavone that is the 5,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of baicalein. It has been isolated from the plant Callicarpa japonica and has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity.		2.2510trimethoxyflavoneanti-HSV-1 agent;
plant metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		3.2460tripeptide
yersiniabactin
yersiniabactin: from clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica; an iron-chelating virulence factor of Yersinia pestis; yersiniabactin is a thiazole phenol analog of pyochelin; biosynthesized from salicylate, cysteine and malonyl CoA. yersiniabactin : A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.		2.420monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
thiazolidines		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.5770cyclodextrin
formycin 5'-phosphate
[no description available]		2.8940
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.3920butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		14.07372acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		2.15103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cp 320626
CP 320626: structure in first source		2.0310
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.730retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.9240icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.2760butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
farnesol
Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.		1.9510farnesolplant metabolite
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		3.3811deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		3.8830resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.2460retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.1150octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		2.8220macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		3.0810ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.0110D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		3.5990benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.5320icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		3.3970butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.25602-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.730alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
mdl29,951
[no description available]		2.7830
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		10.19280macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
adenylosuccinate
aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		7.74521
formycin
[no description available]		2.3820formycinantineoplastic agent
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.		2.0410geranylgeranyl diphosphatemouse metabolite
methioninyl adenylate
methioninyl adenylate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		4.19170
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid
Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains		1.9610CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acidmouse metabolite
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		3.8110adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		4.6930prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.6630olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
eptifibatide
[no description available]		5.1170homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
zeatin
Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)		2.6730zeatinplant metabolite
gamma-glutamyl hydroxamate
glutamine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid that is L-glutamine hydroxylated at N-5.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
glutamic acid derivative;
hydroxamic acid
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.4120N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.3720azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
cladribine triphosphate
[no description available]		3.3811purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		6.02380actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.39201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		2.420tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
2-methyladenosine
2-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine in which the methyl group is located at position 2 on the adenine ring.		210methyladenosine
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		3.0650carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		1.9810L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.1110amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		7.2361nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
negletein
negletein: structure in first source		2.2510ether;
flavonoids
streptothricins
Streptothricins: A group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the peptide side chain. They are produced by Streptomyces and Actinomyces and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties.. streptothricin : An N-glycosyl compound consisting of 2-amino-4-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-N-[(3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-4-oxooctahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-ylidene]-beta-D-gulopyranosylamine in which the amino group at position 2 of the gulopyranosyl moiety is acylated by a peptide unit made up of between 1 and 7 N(epsilon)-linked units of beta-lysine.		2.0710
(+)-usnic acid
[no description available]		2.0510usnic acid
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		15.68802hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.98140flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
potassium thiocyanate
potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.		2.3920potassium salt
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		1.9910one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium acetate
Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions		210potassium saltfood acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.420organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.		1.9810acetate salt;
ammonium salt		buffer;
food acidity regulator
potassium fluoride
potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.		2.3720fluoride salt;
potassium salt		NMR chemical shift reference compound;
poison
6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol
6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-ol: a pheromone from the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica; structure in first source		2.0110
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		1.97102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
calix(4)arene
calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source		2.1310
1,3-bis(3,5-dichlorophenyl)urea
1,3-bis(3,5-dichlorophenyl)urea: COH - City of Hope; has antineoplastic activity		2.610
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.		2.21103-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		3.08104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.2110diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
glycosides
[no description available]		5.86190
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		5.84310isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde
Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		2.4110retinal;
vitamin A		gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		1.9510triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		4.0940stilbene
prolinol
prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.		210
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		7.32590flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
flavin mononucleotide
[no description available]		2.0210flavin mononucleotide;
vitamin B2		bacterial metabolite;
coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4110olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		4.981malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.3820vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		10.031650diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		2.713011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bikinin
bikinin: inhibits GSK3-like kinases; structure in first source		2.4110
sodium metabisulfite
sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		6.964inorganic sodium saltfood antioxidant
Reactive blue 2
[no description available]		1.9610anthraquinone
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		2.4120S-glycosyl compound
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4520purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.3820pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		3.4370
4,9-dimethyl-3-(2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethoxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-6-one
[no description available]		2.3110coumarins
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.411
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		3.4680aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		3.0810
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		3.0810catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		3.77110
7,8,3'-trihydroxyflavone
7,8,3'-trihydroxyflavone: a potent small molecule TrkB receptor agonist that protects spiral ganglion neurons from degeneration both in vitro and in vivo		3.0810
phenylthiourea
Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.		2.0510thioureasEC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
(2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone
[no description available]		3.08107-hydroxyflavanone
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		3.4920caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		2.0110alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
alpha-naphthyl thiourea
alpha-naphthyl thiourea: structure		1.9710naphthalenes
4-[(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.0510sulfonamide
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase
nucleoside phosphorylase: from Klebsiella sp.; acts on both purine & pyrimidine nucleosides & catalyzes the production of AraA from uridine arabinoside (AraU) & adenine		2.7130
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		3.0430aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		1.9710diarylmethane
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.42201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		4.3541capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
metiamide
Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.		1.9510imidazoles
levocetirizine
[no description available]		5.9433diarylmethane
tosylarginine methyl ester
Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).		1.9610guanidines;
L-arginine ester;
methyl ester;
sulfonamide
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		2.64302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		1.9710barbituratesallergen;
reagent
s-phenyl-n-acetylcysteine
S-phenyl-N-acetylcysteine: found in urine of rats exposed to benzene; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 4/88		2.0710aryl sulfide;
S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine		biomarker;
human urinary metabolite
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		2.3720one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		7.65650cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		1.9410thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
diaminomaleonitrile, (z)-isomer
diaminomaleonitrile: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3720
unithiol
Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.		1.9710
brij-58
Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.		2.0710
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.6830cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: is a nonaqueous ionic liquid		2.0810
nadp
[no description available]		9.321640
d-glucal
[no description available]		1.9610
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		2.8940
n-cyanoimidazole
N-cyanoimidazole: structure given in first source		1.9710
2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid
2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to ion(1-)		1.9610
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		2.3620carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		3.3470cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.3520barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		3.4110C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.7130aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
dieckol
dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source. dieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.		2.1110aromatic ether;
oxacycle;
phlorotannin		anticoagulant;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
radical scavenger
lysine hydroxamate
lysine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.4220
lomeguatrib
[no description available]		2.3110
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		5.62250alkali metal atom
phosphamidon
Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		1.9710
thiouridine
Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.		2.0110nucleoside analogue;
thiouridine		affinity label;
antimetabolite
quinine
[no description available]		3.2260cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
6-thioguanylic acid
[no description available]		2.0610organic molecule
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		2.4320
mr 2266
MR 2266: RN refers to (2R-(2 alpha,6 alpha,11R*))-isomer; structure kappa opioid receptor antagonist		1.9710
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.1110bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
rtki cpd
RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors		2.0410
8-azidoadenine
8-azidoadenine: photoaffinity label		1.9810
cystine
[no description available]		2.3520
6-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-6-deaminoadenosine 5'-diphosphate
6-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-6-deaminoadenosine 5'-diphosphate: RN given from first source; RN not in Chemline 10/84; structure		2.6630
o(2',3')-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azidoadenosine triphosphate
O(2',3')-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azidoadenosine triphosphate: affinity probe for the Ca+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum		2.6730
ribose-1,5-bisphosphate
ribose-1,5-bisphosphate: RN given for (D)-isomer. D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribose bisphosphate that consists of D-ribose having two monophosphate groups at the 1- and 5-positions.		3.0950ribose bisphosphate
eptazocine
eptazocine: structure given in first source		1.9710tetralins
phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose
phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose: RN given refers to (D-ribofuranose)-cpd; N1 refers to (beta-D-ribofuranose)-isomer		210
2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate
2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate: monomer of polyADP ribose. 2'-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP : An AMP-sugar in which the 2'-hydroxy group of AMP carries a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl substituent. Monomer unit of poly(ADP-Rib) [poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose)].		3.0650AMP-sugar
phosphoglyceroyl-atp
phosphoglyceroyl-ATP: structure given in first source		3.0610
cytidine 3',5'-diphosphate
[no description available]		2.3920
glutaryl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0810glutaryl-CoAsmouse metabolite
pyridoxal(5')diphospho(1)-glucose
[no description available]		1.9710
hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide
hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide: from the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), Blaberus discoidalis, & Nauphoeta cinerea		210
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		2.5920
pimeloyl-coenzyme a
pimeloyl-CoA : An omega carboxyacyl-CoA that is the S-pimeloyl derivative of coenzyme A.		2.0810omega-carboxyacyl-CoAmetabolite
tryptophyl adenylate
tryptophyl adenylate: RN given refers to monoanhydride. 3'-L-tryptophyl-AMP : An L-tryptophan derivative that is the ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-tryptophan with the 3'-hydroxy group of AMP.		3.0750adenosine 5'-phosphate;
alpha-amino acid ester;
L-tryptophan derivative;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
mycobactin
mycobactins: cell wall iron transporting growth factor from Mycobacterium tuberculosis		2.0810
albomycin
albomycin: iron containing antibiotic. albomycin : A mixture of iron(III) hydroxamate antibiotics produced by various Streptomyces species (e.g. Streptomyces subtropicus) and consisting of iron(III) complexed to pentapeptide trihydroxamate siderophores.		2.0510
cactinomycin
cactinomycin: a mixture of dactinomycin, actinomycin C2, and actinomycin C3		2.1310
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		1.9510
adefovir
aurasperone A: isolated from Aspergillus aculeatus; structure in first source. aurasperone A : A dimeric naphthopyran with formula C32H26O10, originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.		2.4110aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
biaryl;
cyclic ketone;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
polyphenol		antimalarial;
Aspergillus metabolite;
marine metabolite
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.4320
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.		3.1350adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid		adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		3.0950L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		8.77110
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		4.55260organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
sto 609
STO 609: structure in first source		2.9540naphthoic acid
adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine
[no description available]		1.9610
crocin
crocin: a free radical scavenger		3.5110
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		3.98140
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins		1.9910
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0410C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.3520
2',3'-dialdehyde atp
2',3'-dialdehyde ATP: RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer; OATP also stands for organic anion-transporting polypeptides		2.940
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.940inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
2-mercaptoacetate
2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710monocarboxylic acid anion
benzyl cinnamate
benzyl cinnamate: structure in first source. benzyl cinnamate : The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent.		2.3110cinnamate esterantigen;
epitope;
fixative;
flavouring agent;
fragrance
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.4220sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		6.231017-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.9440biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		5.24160prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.730monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		3.08104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.		3.5320dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		3.5320trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		3.86303'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		210octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		1.9710D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		3.0550
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		3.4111dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		4.551epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
herbacetin
herbacetin: from Ramose Scouring Rush Herb; structure in first source. herbacetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a natural flavonoid from flaxseed which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.		2.25107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.		3.0510fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical
gossypetin
gossypetin: inhibits activity of penicillinase enzyme in E coli. gossypetin : A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- 7- and 8-positions.		2.25107-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
chrysoeriol
chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.		2.2510monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		4.1750prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		2.8840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.3820D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.520disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		3.53207-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		2.110dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4
Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).		3.3911amino dicarboxylic acid;
L-cysteine thioether;
leukotriene;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
secondary alcohol
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		1.9610prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		1.9610linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		2.3520harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		3.52207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.3110antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		8.0511911beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		7.8297aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.		2.0810oxo monocarboxylic acidjasmonates;
plant metabolite
genistin
genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein		3.08107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
petasin
petasin: both petasin and neopetasin inhibit biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotriene; unlike petasin, neopetasin does not inhibit eosinophil cation protein releasenor suppresses cPLA2 activity; from Petasites formosanus Kitamurai; structure in first source. petasin : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of angelic acid with the hydroxy group of (1R,2R,7S,8aR)-1,8a-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol.		3.411alicyclic ketone;
enoate ester;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		anti-allergic agent;
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} activator;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
baicalein
[no description available]		2.2510trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		3.83307-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone
3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone: structure in first source		2.2510hydroxyflavan
diosmin
[no description available]		1.9610dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
fisetin
[no description available]		3.47203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		3.83307-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
genkwanin
genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.		3.0810dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		metabolite
gossypin
gossypin: do not confuse with gossypin(e) which is synonym for choline. gossypin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is gossypetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.25107-hydroxyflavonol;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
pentahydroxyflavone		neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.25107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		3.53207-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
norwogonin
norwogonin : A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8.		2.2510trihydroxyflavoneantioxidant;
metabolite
quercetagetin
quercetagetin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens. quercetagetin : A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.5420flavonols;
hexahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
scutellarein
scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.		2.2510tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		3.08107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
orobol
orobol: from Aspergillus niger or Streptomyces neyagawaensis; potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. orobol : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.		3.08107-hydroxyisoflavonesanti-inflammatory agent;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
prunetin
prunetin: reduces herpes virus-1 plaque formation. prunetin : A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.		3.08107-methoxyisoflavones;
hydroxyisoflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
7-hydroxyflavone
7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.		3.5320hydroxyflavonoid
rutamycin
Rutamycin: A macrolide antibiotic of the oligomycin group, obtained from Streptomyces rutgersensis. It is used in cytochemistry as a tool to inhibit various ATPases and to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation from electron transport and also clinically as an antifungal agent.. oligomycin D : An oligomycin with formula C44H72O11 that is oligomycin A in which the methyl substituent adjacent to the spirocyclic centre has been replaced by a hydrogen.		1.9510
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		3.4110ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
syringetin
[no description available]		3.08103',5'-dimethoxyflavone;
3'-methoxyflavones;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
dimethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cerulenin
Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.		1.9610epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
4',7-dihydroxyflavone
4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.		3.5320dihydroxyflavonemetabolite
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		2.3820stilbenoid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.1710F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
fondaparinux
Fondaparinux: Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.. fondaparinux : A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.		3.1910amino sugar;
oligosaccharide sulfate;
pentasaccharide derivative		anticoagulant
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		2.0510
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.2110thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.41204-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
(2e)-decenal
(2E)-decenal: structure in first source. (2E)-dec-2-enal : A dec-2-enal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.		2.17102-decenalalarm pheromone;
mutagen;
nematicide
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		2.0710
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.610sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		5.341hydrochloride
beta-nitrostyrene
beta-nitrostyrene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.2110
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		2.4110acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		1.9410morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.8940morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		2.0410phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		4.82100antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		1.9910cyclodextrin
6-methylpurine
6-methylpurine : Purine bearing a methyl substituent at position 6.		2.4220purinesEC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.0410macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.7230dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		3.0450morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pyoverdin
pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined		2.2510
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.9940
2-methylthio-atp
2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source		3.87120
adp beta s
adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd		3.79110
arachidonylcyclopropylamide
arachidonylcyclopropylamide: a potent and selective agonist of neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source		2.0810
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		1.9710heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.4110medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		10.17191611beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin
herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.		1.99101,4-benzoquinones;
lactam;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
apoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.4720carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.02101-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		4.31601-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		3.3570cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302
2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source		2.0210
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		2.0210
n-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide
N-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide: a nociceptin antagonist; structure in first source		210aminoquinoline
obelin
obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata		1.9910
kn 62
KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II		2.4220piperazines
sulprostone
sulprostone: structure		2.4420prostanoid
cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).		1.9710cinnamyl alcoholplant metabolite
fustin
fustin : A dihydroflavonol that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of fisetin.. tetrahydroxyflavanone : A hydroxyflavanone with atleast four hydroxy substituents.		3.0810
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source		2.2510flavones
erbstatin
erbstatin: from actinomycetes; an inhibitor of EGF-receptor kinase & other protein-tyrosine kinases; structure in first source		3.0810
ag 538
AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.0810
ag 99
tyrphostin A46: epidermal growth factor-urogastrone receptor antagonist		3.0810
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		3.0810
tyrphostin ag-494
AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source		3.0810
ag-490
[no description available]		3.0810catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is 4-hydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxy group is replaced by a cyano group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptides and oligonucleotides.		3.0810monohydroxycinnamic acid;
nitrile;
phenols		MALDI matrix material
ag 30
AG 30: structure given in first source; do not confuse with AG-30 antimicrobial peptide		3.0810
ag 112
[no description available]		3.0810
ag 183
AG 183: structure given in first source		3.0810
2'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone
[no description available]		2.1310
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		1.9510guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		5.21160carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.0710carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		1.9710
4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid
4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor. N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.		2.5220amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide		EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
TRP channel blocker
methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate
methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate: structure given in first source. 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester : A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid.		3.0810cinnamate ester;
hydroquinones;
methyl ester		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.06101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
psi-tectorigenin
psi-tectorigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Streptomyces		3.0810
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		3.5280
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		2.0110metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		3.74110alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		3.9130alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
flavokawain b
flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.		2.1710chalcones;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antileishmanial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		3.5690alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		8.75110boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		2.8840alkaline earth metal atom
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		2.6630boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		4.25190metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide
4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.		2.3820
2-amino-6-chloropurine
6-chloroguanine: an antimalarial that inhibits hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source. 6-chloroguanine : An organochlorine compound that is 7H-purin-2-amine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.		2.15102-aminopurines;
organochlorine compound
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		3.8720cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.2510dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		2.1310azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		2.0110dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		4.01140chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
geldanamycin
[no description available]		3.1510
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.3720benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
veratrine
Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.		2.3620alkaloid
puerarin
[no description available]		2.4110C-glycosyl compound;
isoflavonoid
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		1.9810dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		1.9510
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		2.5320morphinane alkaloid
deoxyribose
[no description available]		3.0950deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		5.59240butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin
phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.		2.1710
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		2.6830alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
pyrrolysine
pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
N(6)-acyl-L-lysine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyrrolysine
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		11.59660cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
isophthalate
isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4110dicarboxylic acid dianion
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.		3.1710thyronine
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		3.0550carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		8.95771monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		2.0510
u 75875
U 75875: structure given in first source		2.0110
n-acetylalanyl-n-methylamide
N-acetylalanyl-N-methylamide: an alanine dipeptide; structure given in first source		1.9610
caesium-137
[no description available]		2.2510caesium atom
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure		1.9610
adenosine 5'-diphosphate 2',3'-dialdehyde
[no description available]		1.9610
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		1.9410triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		2.21102-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.3820cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
st 638
[no description available]		3.0810
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		5.56730ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		2.6830
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		1.9410biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		4.11160azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
apratoxin a
apratoxin A: a potent cytotoxin with a novel skeleton, has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula Harvey ex Gomont; structure in first source. apratoxin A : An aprotoxin having the common aprotoxin cyclodepsipeptide skeleton where the isoleucyl residue carries an N-methyl substituent and the side-chain adjacent to the lactone is tert-butyl.		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
apratoxin		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		8.3870chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		1.9510
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd		1.9910organic anion
5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine
5-((methylamino)methyl)-2-selenouridine: naturally occurring nucleotide in bacterial tRNAs; structure given in first source		1.9810
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		2.1310(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
fk 409
FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus		1.9910
dihydroergotoxine
Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.		3.4620
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		4.4220amidobenzoic acid
dolichols
Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.		2.3520polyterpene
bongkrekic acid
Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.		3.260ether;
olefinic compound;
tricarboxylic acid		apoptosis inhibitor;
ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
toxin
dolichol monophosphate mannose
Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose: A lipophilic glycosyl carrier of the monosaccharide mannose in the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide phospholipids and glycoproteins.		1.9510
vitamin a2
vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol.		2.0410retinoid;
vitamin A		human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
herbimycin
[no description available]		3.0810
myxothiazol
myxothiazol: strobilurin analogue; methoxyacrylamide derivative; antifungal antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus; structure given in first source. myxothiazol : A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.		2.0710
thiazole orange
thiazole orange: structure given in first source. thiazole orange : A cyanine dye comprising the thiazole orange cation [1-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]quinolinium] with the p-tosylate counterion.		2.0310cyanine dyefluorochrome
st 271
[no description available]		3.0810
bw a1433
BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist		1.9910
1,2-dihydroxy-4-(nitroethenyl)benzene
1,2-dihydroxy-4-(nitroethenyl)benzene: isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae		3.5420
1,1'-(4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium
1,1'-(4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium: cpd is non-fluorescent in solution but forms highly fluorescent complex with double-stranded DNA; RN given refers to the tetraiodide cpd		1.9310cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
op 41483-alpha-cyclodextrin
OP 41483-alpha-cyclodextrin: an alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate derivative of ataprost		1.9810
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		1.9510
zeatin riboside
zeatin riboside: RN given refers to parent cpd. 9-ribosyl-trans-zeatin : A 9-ribosylzeatin having trans-zeatin as the nucleobase.		2109-ribosylzeatin;
nucleoside analogue		cytokinin;
plant metabolite
everolimus
[no description available]		2.920cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
salvianolic acid B
salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza		2.03101-benzofurans;
catechols;
dicarboxylic acid;
enoate ester;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		2.8640galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.41101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.76110
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		210nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		2.3820imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gadolinium dtpa
Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)		2.0510gadolinium coordination entityMRI contrast agent
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.5320isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		2.3520diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).		2.940nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.940cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate
adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate: RN given refers to parent cpd		5.04410
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		3.1710
cv 1808
2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects		1.9810purine nucleoside
ginsenoside rb2
[no description available]		2.432012beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antiviral agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		5.2543organic molecular entity
corosolic acid
[no description available]		2.0410triterpenoidmetabolite
cyclo(prolyl-valyl)
[no description available]		2.4110piperazinonemetabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.3920ammonium ion derivative
chloralose
Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.		1.9510
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		18.363627phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ns 7
[no description available]		210
n,n'-((5-(2-amino-5-(2-methylpropyl)-4-thiazolyl)-2-furanyl)phosphinylidene)bis(alanine) diethyl ester
N,N'-((5-(2-amino-5-(2-methylpropyl)-4-thiazolyl)-2-furanyl)phosphinylidene)bis(alanine) diethyl ester: structure in first source		2.0210
plitidepsin
plitidepsin: a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Aplidium albicans; has a pyruvoyl-proline residue instead of the lactyl-proline residue found in the linear peptide moiety of didemnin B. plitidepsin : A didemnin that is didemin B in which the hydroxy group of the 1-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-L-prolinamide moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. It was originally isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans.		2.7620didemninanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9710
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		2.3110aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		8.39250oligopeptide
uk-432097
UK-432097: a highly potent and selective agonist and drug candidate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment; structure in first source		2.2110
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine
N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist		2.9340
bay r3401
BAY R3401: prodrug for BAY W1807 for inhibition of glycogenolysis; structure in first source		210
cp 91149
CP 91149: inhibits liver glycogen phosphorylase; structure in first source		2.4220
paliperidone palmitate
Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		2.41101,2-benzoxazoles;
fatty acid ester;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine
ppi-0903
ceftaroline : A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.		2.41101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
iminium betaine;
organic phosphoramidate;
oxime O-ether;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
prodrug
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		1.9510organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		22.4340666adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
fluticasone furoate
fluticasone furoate: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source. fluticasone furoate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		3.441111beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
prodrug
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.		210peptide
fr 148083
5Z-7-oxozeaenol : A macrolide that is the 7-oxo derivative of zeaenol (the 5Z stereoisomer). Isolated from Fungi, it exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial and inhibitory activity against NF-kappaB.		2.1510aromatic ether;
macrolide;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.821aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
mirabegron
mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.		7.61201,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		beta-adrenergic agonist
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		15.94758aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		4.9721aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		1.9610dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
n-((1s,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine
N-((1S,trans)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl)adenosine: structure given in first source; an adenosine A1 receptor agonist		2.0710purine nucleoside
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		2.7620aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		7.610ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine
2-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethoxy)adenosine: a adenosine A2A receptor agonist		2.2110
ym-254890
YM-254890: structure in first source		2.0510
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.3110N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
olesoxime
olesoxime: drug candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; structure in first source		2.1510
terutroban
terutroban: a thromboxan receptor antagonist		4.0620
zeolites
[no description available]		2.5320
3-iodothyronamine
3-iodothyronamine: a thyroid hormone derivative that may be involved in a fast response signaling pathway; structure in first source		3.1710aromatic ether
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		2.3920alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.9240
8-(methylthio)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate
8-(methylthio)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate: structure		1.9710
vorapaxar
vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source. vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.		8.82140carbamate ester;
lactone;
naphthofuran;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines		cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
arl-67156
6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase		2.4220
candicidin
Candicidin: Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.. candicidin D : A 38-membered ring lactone containing seven (E)-double bonds between positions 22 and 35 and substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11, 13, 17 and 19, oxo groups at positions 3, 7 and 15, a carboxy group at position 18, a 3-amino-3,6-dideoxymannopyranosyloxy group at position 21, a methyl group at position 36 and a 7-(4-aminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7-oxoheptan-2-yl group at position 37. It is the major component of candicidin, a mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus.. candicidin : A mixture of the antifungal heptaene macrolides obtained from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It is composed of candicidins A, B, C and D, with candicidin D being the major component. Candicidin is active against some fungi of the genus Candida, and has been used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.		2.3620macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal drug;
bacterial metabolite
phosphoramidite
phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.		2.4420
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		2.1310cysteine derivative
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		14.98655
apilimod
[no description available]		2.2510
apixaban
[no description available]		2.2510aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
lithium succinate
lithium succinate: lithium important for treatment of genital herpes		3.1310
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9510
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.5920
rolapitant
[no description available]		2.1310azaspiro compound;
ether;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
r-138727
R-138727: an active metabolite of CS-747 (prasugrel, LY640315) and P2Y12 receptor inhibitor; structure in first source		2.9610organofluorine compound
galidesivir
[no description available]		4.9550
exel-7647
tesevatinib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino, methoxy, and [(3aR,5r,6aS)-2-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, ErbB2, KDR, Flt4 and EphB4 and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.3110
e 5555
E 5555: a 2-iminopyridine derivative and platelet aggregation inhibitor		4.730aromatic ketone
3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid
3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid: inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A		2.0710
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		3.2560
2'-deoxyadenylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.6630nucleoside analogue;
purines
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		2.420
benzene oxide
benzene oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		7.2750D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		2.8840alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
5,5'-difluoro-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source		1.9910
ptc 124
[no description available]		2.0510oxadiazole;
ring assembly
abt-737
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic amine;
aryl sulfide;
biphenyls;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
cvt-6883
3-ethyl-1-propyl-8-(1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione: structure in first source		2.0310
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		1.9710nystatins
mb 05032
[no description available]		2.8430
bms-663068
fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source		2.3110
gw870086x
GW870086X: a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist		3.511
petrobactin
petrobactin: a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium; structure in first source		2.4520
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae		2.3110abietane diterpenoidanticoronaviral agent
arginine aspartate
arginine aspartate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer of aspartic acid with L-arginine (1:1)		8.4711
dorsomorphin
dorsomorphin: an AMPK inhibitor. dorsomorphin : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by pyridin-4-yl and p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl groups, respectively. It is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive inhibitor of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase, EC 2.7.11.31) and a selective inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.		2.7530aromatic ether;
piperidines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
pyridines		bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist;
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		2.6530
bay 60-6583
BAY 60-6583: structure in first source. BAY 60-6583 : A member of the class of cyanopyridines that is 6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpyridine in which the hydroxy and sulfanyl hydrogens are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl and carboxamidomethyl groups respectively.		2.0410aminopyridine;
aromatic ether;
aryl sulfide;
cyanopyridine;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A2B receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		3.0650
empagliflozin
[no description available]		2.7620aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		2.6730O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		4.27190benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		10170
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		4.95390
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		1.9410
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		4.99130
thienopyridine
thienopyridine: patients were treated with thienopyridine after percutaneous coronary intervention; Antiplatelet Agents. thienopyridine : Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.		7.2241
dihydrotachysterol
Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.		1.9410
rifamycins
[no description available]		2.8940
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		6.52630
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		1.9610
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		2.4110
ataprost
[no description available]		1.9810
tetrahydrouridine
Tetrahydrouridine: An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.		3.0510
ulipristal
ulipristal: a progestins antagonist		3.411020-oxo steroid
maltoheptaose
maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.3720maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
3-methylcytidine
[no description available]		2.0610methylcytidine
8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate
8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to above cpd; RN in Chemline for 2-azido-isomer: 64020-54-8		3.91130
mogrol
mogrol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is cucurbitadienol in which the side-chain double bond (position 24-25) has undergone formal oxidation to introduce hydroxy groups at positions 24 and 25 (the 24R stereoisomer). It is a biometabolite of mogrosides found in Siraitia grosvenorii.		2.2510hydroxy seco-steroid;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		antineoplastic agent
physalaemin
Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.		1.9710
augustic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside
cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.		2.4110
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Triphosphate: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.. thiamine(1+) triphosphate(4-) : Trianion of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the four OH groups of the triphosphate.		1.9710organophosphate oxoanion;
vitamin B1		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		10.934250organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
a 803467
A 803467: an Nav1.8 sodium channel blocker; structure in first source		2.1510
N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinamine
[no description available]		2.4420quinazolines
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.8530
elinogrel
elinogrel: a P2Y12 inhibitor and platelet aggregation inhibitor		7.32130
rg 7128
2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source		2.1510
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		1.9610
tyrocidine
Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.		2.3920homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
peptide antibiotic		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		3.5110
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		1.9810oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins
Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.		3.5620
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		6.1731polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		4.3460polypeptide
ganirelix
[no description available]		710polypeptide
hevein
hevein: 43-amino acid residue protein from the rubber tree; homology with thionins and WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS; not strictly a lectin since it does not act as an agglutinin but has the hevein motif characteristic of lectins;		2.0110
nociceptin
[no description available]		210organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.3920
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas		2.0710
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		3.9740
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		3.5890
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		7.25430peptide hormone
thymopoietin iii
thymopoietin III: 48 AA monomeric peptide isolated from bovine spleen; thymopoietins I & II are from thymus; structure in first source		1.9610
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		5.2431
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.4110
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		7.97640
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		4.3360
liraglutide
[no description available]		2.3110lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		3.6620
natriuretic peptide, c-type
Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.		2.610
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		4.56260glycoside
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		1.9910
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		4.771001,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside
Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.		5.14150
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		5.043321-hydroxy steroid
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		3.3370chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
lumacaftor
lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source. lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.		2.1310aromatic amide;
benzodioxoles;
benzoic acids;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines		CFTR potentiator;
orphan drug
pevonedistat
pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.		2.0510cyclopentanols;
indanes;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
secondary amino compound;
sulfamidate		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
plagiochin e
plagiochin E: reverses multidrug resistance; structure in first source		2.0510
adenosine kinase
Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.		7.84530
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		4.4451organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.1310
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		3.8130
nicousamide
nicousamide: structure in first source		2.0410
8-bromoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
8-bromoadenosine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
thuringiensin
thuringiensin: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.9910
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.0410
succinyladenosine
succinyladenosine: found in body fluids of children with severe psychomotor delay & autism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. succinyladenosine : An aspartic acid derivative that is L-aspartic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by a 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purin-6-yl group.		2.730adenosines;
amino dicarboxylic acid;
L-aspartic acid derivative		metabolite
chitosan
[no description available]		3.2450
2-fluoro-araatp
[no description available]		1.9810
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine
[no description available]		2.0210
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor		1.9910
sodium houttuyfonate
sodium houttuyfonate: structure in first source		2.4110
sodium oxybate
Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.		1.9610
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		6.969903',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		1.9510inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
[no description available]		1.9710
methyl orange
methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds		2.110
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.4920monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.7620
mersalyl
Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.		2.6530
echinomycin
Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.		2.2510cyclodepsipeptide
hygromycin b
[no description available]		2.0310
methyl jasmonate
[no description available]		2.4920
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		3.91130organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
canagliflozin
canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.		2.6120C-glycosyl compound;
organofluorine compound;
thiophenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record		2.7230C-nitro compound;
spiroketal		antagonist
pci 32765
ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.		2.1110acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
dolichol monophosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
navitoclax
[no description available]		2.3110aryl sulfide;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
piperazines;
secondary amino compound;
sulfone;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.4110fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		4.2250
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.420
fibrinopeptide a
Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.		1.9710
incb-018424
[no description available]		4.5930nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		2.0110
cobicistat
[no description available]		4.82401,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
bms-790052
daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.		3.4110biphenyls;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
imidazoles;
valine derivative		antiviral drug;
nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
nitrogenase
Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.		3.690
inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate)
inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate): induced in human platelets by thrombin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate(4-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.		1.9710
adenosine diphosphate glucose
Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.		3.3570NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-);
ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)		human metabolite
glycolipids
[no description available]		5.71110
baricitinib
[no description available]		12.11195azetidines;
nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antirheumatic drug;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		5.46151
thymosin
Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.		2.2510
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		5.6192
antibiotic cv-1
[no description available]		2.0210
GS-441524
[no description available]		7.49270aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
nitrile;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
drug metabolite
zwittermicin a
zwittermicin A: isolated from Bacillus cereus; structure in first source. (+)-zwittermicin A : The (+)-enantiomer of zwittermicin A. It is a water-soluble natural antibiotic from the fermentation of the soil-borne bacterium Bacillus cereus and shows significant activity against phytopathogenic fungi.		2.04104,8-diamino-N-[1-amino-3-(carbamoylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2,3,5,7,9-pentahydroxynonanamide;
peptide antibiotic		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite
grazoprevir
grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.		2.4110aromatic ether;
azamacrocycle;
carbamate ester;
cyclopropanes;
lactam;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
quinoxaline derivative		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent
tylosin
[no description available]		1.9810
sofosbuvir
Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		6.2980isopropyl ester;
L-alanyl ester;
nucleotide conjugate;
organofluorine compound;
phosphoramidate ester		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
prodrug
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate
P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.		4.47230organophosphate oxoanion
nicotinate mononucleotide
nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) : Dianion of nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide arising from deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phosphate functions.		2.0310organophosphate oxoanionhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer		6.61400
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.4720
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		3.5990
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		3.2340polypeptide
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		3.3570
chondroitin
Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.8640
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		1.9510
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		5.53130ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
coumermycin
coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.		2.0310aromatic amide;
coumarins;
glycoside;
heteroarenecarboxylate ester;
pyrroles		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		2.0310carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		3.2260
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.9140
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		3.4680monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.6630hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		2.4110benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		4.2150benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
arzanol
arzanol: a prenylated alpha-pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp.microphyllum; has antioxidant and cytotoxic activity; structure in first source		2.1710
antimycin
[no description available]		2.3820
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.4110heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
chrome azurol s
chrome azurol S: reagent for beryllium determination spectrophotometrically		210
clorobiocin
clorobiocin: chlorine-containing antibiotic related to novobiocin		2.0310
a 769662
[no description available]		2.7930biphenyls
streptolydigin
streptolydigin: antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Streptomyces lydicus; active against gram-postive bacteria except micrococci; minor descriptor (75-87); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ANTIBIOTICS (75-87). streptolydigin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus.		2.0810bridged compound;
cyclic ketal;
enol;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-glycosyl compound;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
pyrrolidinone;
spiro-epoxide		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor
GS-443902
GS-441524 triphosphate: intracellular active metabolite of remdesivir. GS-443902 : An organic triphosphate that is GS-441524 in which the 5'-hydroxy group has been replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir.		4.5840aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
nitrile;
organic triphosphate;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
drug metabolite
fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinafoate drug combination
Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination: A drug combination of fluticasone and salmeterol that is used as an inhaler formulation to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		5.3122
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.730
microcystin
microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.		2.0210peptide
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		2.3620aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		4.3760
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.9740
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		3.2460ketal
act-246475
selatogrel: a P2Y12 receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.4110
pyrethrins
[no description available]		1.9710
ledipasvir
ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.		2.3110azaspiro compound;
benzimidazole;
bridged compound;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
fluorenes;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816
velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.		2.4110carbamate ester;
ether;
imidazoles;
L-valine derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ring assembly		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
thiocoraline
thiocoraline: a depsipeptide from marine actinomycete, Micromonospora; structure given in first source		2.2510peptide
shizukaol d
shizukaol D: isolated from Chloranthusjaponicus; structure in first source		2.0810triterpenoidmetabolite
selinexor
selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1		2.2510
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		3.2160
as 1842856
5-amino-7-(cyclohexylamino)-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid: inhibits Foxo1 transactivation; inhibits mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; structure in first source. AS1842856 : A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.		2.4110organofluorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
forkhead box protein O1 inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		7.0591
formycin triphosphate
formycin triphosphate: formycin ATP analog		1.9810
2',3'-(o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate
2',3'-(O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate: structure given in first source		2.6830
glutaminase
[no description available]		4.1550
alcohol oxidase
[no description available]		1.9810
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.		2.2510
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		3.5690
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid
Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.		1.9810
coprogen
coprogen: siderochrome found in Penicillium & Neurospora; structure. coprogen : An iron(III) hydroxamate isolated from fungi and bacteria including Penicillium species and Neurospora crassa. It is a growth factor for coprophilous fungi.		210Fe(III)-complexed hydroxamate siderophore;
homoallylic alcohol		Penicillium metabolite
cefiderocol
cefiderocol: structure in first source. cefiderocol : A fourth-generation siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic having {1-[2-(2-chloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzamido)ethyl]pyrrolidinium-1-yl}methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively, developed to combat a variety of bacterial pathogens, including beta-lactam- and carbapenem-resistant organisms.		2.3110carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
siderophore
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		5.95350
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.0210
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		4.85350
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		2.4620cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		1.9610angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
siagoside
siagoside: internal ester of GM1. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-N-stearoylsphingosine 1(II'),2(II) lactone : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of the disialoganglioside GM1 with a lactone ring formed between C-1 of the NeuNac residue and C-2 of the galactose residue proximal to the ceramide moiety.		1.9810lactone;
sialotetraosylceramide
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		1.9810
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.8640
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent		1.9810
carboxyatractyloside
carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.8940
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		4.93120
refludan
lepirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.		2.4120
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		1.9510
s 8932
[no description available]		25.991,14975aromatic amine;
C-nucleoside;
carboxylic ester;
nitrile;
phosphoramidate ester;
pyrrolotriazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		3.8540
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		5.93340
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		2.3110
triciribine
triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.		1.9510
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.3720
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		2.6320
danoprevir
[no description available]		2.2510
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		3.3470
triphosphoric acid 1-adenosin-5'-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) ester
triphosphoric acid 1-adenosin-5'-yl ester 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl) ester: structure in first source; do not confuse with ApppI cpd		2.0510
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		1.9510
apyrase
Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.		7.74860
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.2260
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		3.5790
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		1.9810
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		1.9510
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.5220
angiogenin
angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400		2.1110
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		4.5402-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.65305-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		9.1812103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diguanosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-guanosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		3.4920guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		4.3460purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyinosine
[no description available]		1.9610purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		3.2560deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		4.72300guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.		3.2160GDP-D-mannoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
guanosine pentaphosphate
Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.		2.4220guanosine 5'-phosphate;
guanosine bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		11.042240guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		10.311920guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		7.265602-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		11.49610guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate
Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.		2.3820guanosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		8.98771nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		11.122052inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		14.041820inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		2.8840inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-methyladenine
1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.		2.6830
inosine diphosphate
Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		1.9710inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.05150folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.4320
cyclic imp
Cyclic IMP: Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 3',5'-cyclic IMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.		3.06503',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate		mammalian metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.6930nucleoside triphosphate analogue
oxyluciferin
[no description available]		3.8330Photinus luciferinoxidized luciferins
neopterin
[no description available]		3.3711
3'-guanylic acid
3'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 3'-monophosphate : A guanosine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.		1.9910guanosine 3'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		4.03150cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		2.7130benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.3110dacarbazine
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.4110benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.41102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.730pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		8.16481nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
noc 7
3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels		2.0410
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.6430nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		3.2260nucleoside triphosphate analogue
xanthopterin
[no description available]		1.9410
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate
(6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		1.9810methylenetetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate
guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source		2.5120
alanosine
[no description available]		8.0750
9-((2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl)guanine
9-((2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl)guanine: structure given in first source		2.420phosphoethanolamine
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
[no description available]		2.730nucleoside diphosphate analogue
cytarabine
Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins.		1.9610GDP-fucose
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		1.9910C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine
2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine: has activity in human respiratory epithelial cells against both influenza A & B viruses		1.9810
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.0110tetrahydrofolic acid
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.68303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
8-hydroxyguanine
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.		1.9710oxopurine
2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate
[no description available]		2.0510
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		1.9410
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.7330nitroso compoundalkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.5520guanosinesbiomarker
guanylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine
[no description available]		1.9610nucleoside analogue;
purines
2'-guanylic acid
2'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 2'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		3.0750purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphateEC 3.1.27.3 (ribonuclease T1) inhibitor
guanosine 5'-phosphoimidazolide
[no description available]		1.9710
adenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine
adenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine: dinucleoside phosphate		3.0650
formycins
Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.		3.4780
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		1.9710
phosphocreatinine
phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
idx184
IDX184: prodrug to enhance formation in the liver of the active triphosphate of 2'-methylguanosine, a potent and specific polymerase inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus; structure in first source		4.0420
opicapone
opicapone: structure in first source		2.3110oxadiazole;
ring assembly
defibrotide
defibrotide: Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION		2.8940
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9810
magnesium itp
magnesium ITP: RN given refers to Mg salt		1.9710
dibutyryl cyclic gmp
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.		2.8740
n(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate
N(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
guanosine 5'-phospho-2-methylimidazolide
[no description available]		2.3720
dehydroluciferin
dehydroluciferin: synthesized from luciferin in a reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase. dehydroluciferin : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acids that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl group.		1.99101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
biaryl;
phenols		animal metabolite;
luciferin
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		3.3260Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiotriphosphate)
[no description available]		2.0210
eye
[no description available]		3.0550
molnupiravir
molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.		8.9151isopropyl ester;
ketoxime;
nucleoside analogue		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
prodrug
PF-07304814
lufotrelvir: lufotrelvir is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231. PF-07304814 : An indolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N-[(2S)-3-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-4-(phosphonooxy)butan-2-yl]-L-leucinamide. It is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231, an anticoronaviral agent.		2.7220aromatic ether;
indolecarboxamide;
L-leucine derivative;
phosphate monoester;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
prodrug
mordenite
[no description available]		2.2110
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		9.45230
nirmatrelvir
nirmatrelvir: component of COVID-19 drug Paxlovid. Paxlovid : A mixture containing nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. It is co-administered in tablet form for the treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.. nirmatrelvir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is the first orally administered inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease developed by Pfizer and used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19.		2.4110azabicyclohexane;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		210
factor 420
factor 420: isolated from Methanobacterium strain MOH; mol Wt. about 630; can serve as electron carrier; involved in NADP-linked hydrogenase system		2.6630
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		2.3620
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		5.981110
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		5.1150
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.8740
araban
araban: contains arabinose & galactose		210
mk 0852
MK 0852: a cyclic heptapeptide antagonist of the platelet GP IIb/IIIa; structure given in first source		2.0110
filipin
Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.		1.9510
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		3.3670
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.0710alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.		2.0710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid;
naphthols		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
fungal xenobiotic metabolite
adenosine diphosphate
ADP(3-) : A nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3-) arising from deprotonation of all three diphosphate OH groups of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP); major species present at pH 7.3.		2.0610nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3-)fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid
3-dihydroxy-6-methyl-7-(phenylmethyl)-4-propylnaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid: inhibits lactate dehydrogenase A		2.0710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		04140
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.2160
Infections, Retroviridae
[description not available]		0210
Fibroma, Shope
[description not available]		0210
Retroviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.		0210
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		09.11540
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		09.11540
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		013.81841
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		09.31470
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		09.31470
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.5120
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.5120
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		05.1460
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		05.1460
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		05.94110
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		05.94110
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		07.38240
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		03.9530
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		03.9530
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		029.351,698261
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.9181
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		04.9181
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		05.48190
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		05.48190
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		09.79181
Lassitude
[description not available]		05.390
Pyrexia
[description not available]		05.43140
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		08.31151
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		010.58146
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		05.390
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		05.43140
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		08.31151
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		09.79181
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		06.1381
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
[description not available]		013.83211
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		03.930
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		06.1381
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.		013.83211
Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked
[description not available]		03.0130
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		014.67699
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		03.1450
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		03.1450
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		014.67699
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		027.761,237227
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		03.7420
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		03.7420
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		010.111171
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		04.5350
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		06.14111
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		06.14111
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		05.641
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		05.641
MODS
[description not available]		03.1650
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		03.1650
Drug Associated Myopathies
[description not available]		02.4110
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		05.35130
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		05.35130
Astheno Teratozoospermia
[description not available]		03.811
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		03.811
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		03.811
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		04.4160
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		04.4160
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.7930
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.7930
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		010.45271
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.4270
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		03.4270
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		010.4216
Recrudescence
[description not available]		08.29142
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4420
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		010.4216
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.4420
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		06.561
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		04.8100
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		04.8100
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		03.8640
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		03.821
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		03.821
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		027.841,273227
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		027.841,273227
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		09.83151
chronic COVID syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		08.46211
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		010.42181
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		08.46211
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		010.42181
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		018.7912750
Blood Clot
[description not available]		017.138022
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		023.7912750
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		017.138022
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		04.1360
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		04.1360
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		018.421461
Anoxemia
[description not available]		011.11502
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.560
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.3110
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		011.11502
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.560
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		05.71190
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		010.71190
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.9830
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.9830
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		014.36549
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		08192
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		013192
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		010.69527
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.7620
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.7620
EBV Infections
[description not available]		02.4110
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		02.4110
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		010.4166
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		010.4166
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.940
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		02.940
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		02.4110
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		02.4110
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		07.08301
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy
[description not available]		05.01110
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		05.67310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.77440
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		03.5120
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		03.5120
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		02.4110
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		02.4110
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		02.4110
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.1340
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.1340
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.4820
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.4820
Bleeding
[description not available]		018.889748
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		018.889748
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.8210
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		04.5590
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		04.5590
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		05.8210
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		07.37121
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		07.37121
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		010.6690
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.6530
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		010.6690
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		03.6530
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		03.2250
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		03.83110
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		03.2250
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		03.83110
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral
A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.		03.3310
Infections, RNA Virus
[description not available]		03.3310
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		04.6980
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		03.3310
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		03.3310
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		04.6980
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		05.43230
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.4670
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		02.8220
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		05.43230
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.4670
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		011.692310
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		011.692310
Pleuropericarditis
Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.		02.4110
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.		02.4110
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		02.4110
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		02.4110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		03.6290
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		03.6290
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.4370
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		07.48301
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		03.4370
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		03.0140
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		06.18330
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		06.68400
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		06.18330
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		06.68400
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.9940
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		07.7230
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		02.7230
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		05.0670
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		05.0670
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		010.09440
Double Aortic Arch
[description not available]		02.4110
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		018.8121496
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		018.8121496
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		09.84260
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		08.51260
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.4110
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		02.8830
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		02.8830
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.8130
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.8220
Yellow Fever
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.		02.4110
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		06.5990
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		02.420
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		02.420
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		06.5990
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.4110
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.4110
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		04.1760
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		04.2510
Ache
[description not available]		06.17120
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		06.17120
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		04.2510
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.7230
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.7230
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		06.76260
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		06.76260
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		017.877826
Cyst
[description not available]		02.9630
ADPKD
[description not available]		02.9630
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		02.9630
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.91120
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.920
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.91120
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		04.19160
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		04.19160
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		02.4110
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		02.4110
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.4110
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.8930
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.8930
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		03.5890
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		03.5890
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.9640
ADDH
[description not available]		02.7620
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		02.7620
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		06.5451
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		06.5451
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		04.5450
Adenomyosis
The extension of endometrial tissue (ENDOMETRIUM) into the MYOMETRIUM. It usually occurs in women in their reproductive years and may result in a diffusely enlarged uterus with ectopic and benign endometrial glands and stroma.		02.4110
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.2260
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		04.2260
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.9440
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.9440
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.8130
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.8130
ACL Injuries
[description not available]		02.4110
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		05.4860
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous
[description not available]		02.4110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		05.4860
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.4110
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.4110
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.4110
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.4110
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		06.4461
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		06.13170
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		06.13170
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		06.4461
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.7530
Apoplexy
[description not available]		05.81130
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		05.66310
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		02.4120
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		05.66310
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.7530
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		010.81130
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		03.460
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		03.460
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		03.5280
Schistosoma japonicum Infection
[description not available]		02.4110
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		03.5280
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		112.361161
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.9640
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.9640
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		06.51171
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		06.51171
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		04.51230
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		09.51230
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.		02.4110
Breathlessness
[description not available]		013.832711
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		013.832711
Allodynia
[description not available]		08.2121
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		07.610
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.15170
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.4110
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.4110
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.95180
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		05.95180
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.9940
MEA 2a
[description not available]		02.4110
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		04.6100
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		04.6100
Carcinoma, Medullary
A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.4110
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		02.7230
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		02.7230
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.6930
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		02.6930
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.4110
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		010.52260
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		06.37380
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		05.52260
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		06.37380
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		02.4110
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		02.4110
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		04.2860
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		04.2860
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		06.96180
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		06.96180
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		03.5240
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		03.5240
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		03.3550
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		03.3550
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.3970
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		04.85340
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		02.4110
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		02.4110
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		03.5120
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		03.5120
Adult Periodontitis
[description not available]		02.610
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.4770
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.4220
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		02.610
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.4220
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.4770
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.610
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.610
Hendra Virus Infections
[description not available]		03.6420
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.610
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.610
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.8220
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		03.2160
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		014.613814
E coli Infections
[description not available]		03.2560
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.6930
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		03.2560
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.6930
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		010.88177
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		07.31240
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		010.88177
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		07.31240
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.5250
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		04.5250
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		04.1460
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		04.1460
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		03.4780
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		03.9940
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		02.2510
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		02.2510
Left Heart Hypoplasia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.2510
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
A condition caused by underdevelopment of the whole left half of the heart. It is characterized by hypoplasia of the left cardiac chambers (HEART ATRIUM; HEART VENTRICLE), the AORTA, the AORTIC VALVE, and the MITRAL VALVE. Severe symptoms appear in early infancy when DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS closes.		02.2510
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		010.921341
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		06.3210
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		02.2510
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		07.880
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		07.880
Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.2510
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
A myocardial infarction that does not produce elevations in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ST segment elevation of the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction).		02.2510
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		015.54918
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		015.54918
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe
[description not available]		07.42110
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.		07.42110
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.9130
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.9130
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		05.1140
Grippe
[description not available]		06.6280
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		06.7790
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		05.1140
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		06.6280
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		06.7790
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.2650
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		04.2650
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.9240
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.9240
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.2510
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		03.5720
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
[description not available]		03.1710
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		04.0220
Groenblad-Strandberg Syndrome
[description not available]		07.4100
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
An inherited disorder of connective tissue with extensive degeneration and calcification of ELASTIC TISSUE primarily in the skin, eye, and vasculature. At least two forms exist, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant. This disorder is caused by mutations of one of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS. Patients are predisposed to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION and GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE.		07.4100
Tooth Diseases
Diseases involving the TEETH.		03.1710
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		03.5720
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets
A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.		03.1710
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		09.2190
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.4420
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.2510
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4420
Plasmodium vivax Malaria
[description not available]		02.2510
Malaria, Vivax
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.		02.2510
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		03.2860
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		03.99140
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		03.99140
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		04.4380
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		04.4380
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		02.4820
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.2510
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		06.31170
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		06.31170
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.2510
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.		02.2510
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		03.3360
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		03.3360
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.6920
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		02.2510
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.8940
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.8940
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		02.3920
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		02.2510
Marburg Disease
[description not available]		02.6920
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		02.2510
Marburg Virus Disease
An RNA virus infection of rhesus, vervet, and squirrel monkeys transmissible to man.		02.6920
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.9960
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.9960
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.3110
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.0450
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.3110
Apical Ballooning Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1710
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.		03.1710
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		04.0550
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		04.0550
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.2510
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.2510
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		02.4720
Coronary Occlusion
Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		09.96119
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		05.28111
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		03.3720
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		06.74131
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		02.2510
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		03.3720
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		06.74131
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.		02.2510
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		04.650
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		04.650
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		04.3330
Embolus
[description not available]		02.2510
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		02.2510
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		04.3330
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.620
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.620
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		03.9750
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		03.9750
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		02.2510
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		02.2510
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		04.1350
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		04.1350
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.4320
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.4320
Chemically-Induced Disorders
Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES.		03.2310
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		06.2872
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		06.2872
Diathesis
[description not available]		03.8940
Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		03.1710
Hepatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.		03.1710
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		02.2510
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		02.4120
Thrombocythemia, Essential
A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.		02.4120
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		04.5840
Exanthem
[description not available]		03.2310
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		03.2310
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		04.3530
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.5520
Bechterew Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		04.2770
Forestier-Certonciny Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Rheumatism
[description not available]		03.840
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4620
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		02.2510
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		02.2510
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		04.2770
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
A syndrome in the elderly characterized by proximal joint and muscle pain, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a self-limiting course. Pain is usually accompanied by evidence of an inflammatory reaction. Women are affected twice as commonly as men and Caucasians more frequently than other groups. The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity.		02.2510
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		03.840
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		02.4620
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		02.2510
Spondylarthropathies
Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.		02.2510
Embolic Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.2510
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		02.3110
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Deficiency, IgG
[description not available]		02.3110
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		02.3110
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		02.3110
Carditis
[description not available]		05.4580
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		03.2310
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		05.4580
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		04.2131
Infections, Legionella pneumophila
[description not available]		02.6920
Co-infection
[description not available]		02.9830
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		02.6930
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		02.6930
Kawasaki Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.7730
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.9630
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.		02.2510
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.7730
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.9630
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		02.9240
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		02.9240
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.3110
Emesis
[description not available]		02.2510
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.420
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.2510
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.2510
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.2510
Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, Familial
[description not available]		02.7220
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		02.420
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.3110
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.3110
Emphysema, Subcutaneous
[description not available]		02.3110
Emphysema, Mediastinal
[description not available]		02.3110
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		02.420
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		02.3110
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		02.3110
Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic
A group of related disorders characterized by LYMPHOCYTOSIS; HISTIOCYTOSIS; and hemophagocytosis. The two major forms are familial and reactive.		02.7220
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		06.4861
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		06.4861
Adenopathy
[description not available]		02.3110
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.3110
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.5830
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.2510
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		02.2510
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.5830
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.2510
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		04.5520
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		04.5520
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		03.2310
Congenital Immunodeficiency Disease
[description not available]		03.2310
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Genetic immunologic deficiency diseases and syndromes due to mutations in genes involved in IMMUNITY generally characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. They are often associated with AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE manifestations.		03.2310
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		03.2310
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.6120
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.6120
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.9430
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.9430
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		05.14100
Muscle Pain
[description not available]		02.2510
Myalgia
Painful sensation in the muscles.		02.2510
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		04.7470
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		04.7470
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.4110
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.4110
Viral Zoonoses
Viral infections that may be transmitted between non-human animals and HUMANS.		03.2310
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		02.2510
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.420
Acrania
[description not available]		02.2510
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.2510
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		03.7630
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.8470
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		02.7930
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		02.7930
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.3110
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)		02.3110
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		04.3640
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		04.3640
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0950
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.6320
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.6320
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		03.5890
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		03.5890
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.7220
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.3110
Brugada ECG Pattern
[description not available]		02.3110
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.7220
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.3110
Brugada Syndrome
An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.		02.3110
Aura
[description not available]		04.3670
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.5820
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		04.3670
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.5820
Harelip
[description not available]		03.2310
Fibroid
[description not available]		03.2310
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		03.2310
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		03.2310
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		02.5820
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.5820
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.		02.9340
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		03.2310
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		03.2310
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.3110
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.3110
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		02.3110
Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.3110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		04.0931
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		02.3110
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		03.8440
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.2310
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		03.8440
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.2310
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.13160
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.3110
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.13160
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.3110
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.4320
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.4320
Latent Infection
Delayed infection of the host by a dormant or inactive pathogen.		02.3110
Adipocere
[description not available]		03.77110
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.7130
Bewilderment
[description not available]		02.3110
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		03.67100
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.7130
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		03.67100
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		04.7421
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		04.7421
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		02.420
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		02.420
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.7220
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		02.7220
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		02.3110
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		03.2310
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.3110
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.420
Bronchiolitis, Exudative
[description not available]		04.1431
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.		04.1431
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.7130
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.7130
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.320
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		03.4820
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.150
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.150
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		05.3160
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.6730
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		03.7330
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		03.7330
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		04.68110
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.9140
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.9140
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		015.439431
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		02.4820
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		02.4820
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		014.865917
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		014.865917
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		07.51160
AIRE Deficiency
[description not available]		02.1510
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.4620
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		07.4620
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.1860
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.1860
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		04.55260
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		04.55260
Cor Pulmonale
[description not available]		02.3820
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.5820
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.5820
Infections, Rickettsia
[description not available]		02.1710
Endemic Typhus
[description not available]		02.1710
Flea Infestations
Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA.		02.1710
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		02.1510
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.420
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.420
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		03.1210
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.1510
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.		02.1510
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		06.8693
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		04.6100
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		04.6100
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		04.8421
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.1710
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.1710
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.1710
Moraxella Infections
[description not available]		02.1710
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		02.6630
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Occurrence of heart arrest in an individual when there is no immediate access to medical personnel or equipment.		02.1710
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.6830
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.6830
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.1710
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		03.1650
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		03.97140
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		03.97140
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		03.1650
Abnormalities, Skin
[description not available]		02.1710
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		02.1710
Skin Abnormalities
Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.		02.1710
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.6830
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		05.1431
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		03.5790
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.8940
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.2110
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.2110
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.8940
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		02.2110
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.2110
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.4920
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		02.4920
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		010.91110
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		03.1210
Arthropathies
[description not available]		03.1210
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		03.1210
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.5630
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		09.91155
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		09.91155
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2260
Accident Injury
[description not available]		02.2110
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.2110
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.2110
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.5320
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.5320
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		03.9520
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.420
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.2110
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.2110
Asystole
[description not available]		03.85120
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		03.85120
Aneurysm, Ruptured
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.		02.2510
Impotence
[description not available]		03.4711
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		08.4711
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0810
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		07.9640
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.9640
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.		02.0810
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.3820
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.3820
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		012.641053
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		06.221
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		012.641053
Nociceptive Pain
Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.		04.9540
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		06.3270
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		06.3270
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		03.8621
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		04.3540
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		02.4420
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		06.21190
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		06.21190
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		03.3320
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		03.3320
Infections, Vibrio
[description not available]		02.7730
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		02.0810
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		02.0810
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.110
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.110
Apraxia
[description not available]		03.8840
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4520
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		02.110
Apraxias
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)		03.8840
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).		02.4520
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		02.110
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.110
Hypertension, Essential
[description not available]		02.110
Essential Hypertension
Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500		02.110
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.110
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.110
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.110
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.1110
Macular Holes
[description not available]		02.1110
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.1110
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.1110
Retinal Perforations
Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.		02.1110
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1110
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		03.5830
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		03.5830
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.4920
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4920
Thrombocytopathy
[description not available]		04.2670
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		02.1110
Blood Platelet Disorders
Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.		04.2670
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		02.1110
Autism
[description not available]		02.9740
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		02.9740
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.8920
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.8920
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		03.0310
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		03.0310
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.1110
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.1110
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.3920
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3920
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.1110
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		03.6830
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		02.4720
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		02.4720
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		03.511
Atrial Remodeling
Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.		02.1110
Metastase
[description not available]		03.690
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		04.0250
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.1350
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		03.690
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		04.0250
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.4920
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.4920
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		03.0410
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		03.0410
Encephalomyopathies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.1310
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		05.16110
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		05.16110
Autoimmune Disease Models, Nervous System
[description not available]		02.1310
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		02.1510
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.3920
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.3920
Cranial Nerve Diseases
Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.		03.0410
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		03.0410
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		03.0410
Blunt Injuries
[description not available]		02.4120
Infection
[description not available]		04.0930
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		04.0930
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		03.0410
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		03.0410
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		02.1310
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.1310
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		03.0410
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		03.0410
Epilepsy Progressive Myoclonic 2
[description not available]		02.1310
Genome Instability
[description not available]		02.1310
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		03.4220
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		03.4220
Angina Pectoris, Stable
[description not available]		04.4311
Angina, Stable
Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.		04.4311
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		02.1310
Glycogenosis
[description not available]		04.9790
Glycogen Storage Disease
A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.		04.9790
Aspirin Induced Asthma
[description not available]		02.1510
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.1510
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		02.1510
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction
[description not available]		02.1310
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction
Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.		02.1310
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.6930
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.4220
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.1510
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.1510
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.0410
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
[description not available]		05.9131
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).		05.9131
Aseptic Meningitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Bacterial Meningitides
[description not available]		02.4120
Meningitis, Aseptic
A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)		02.0510
Meningitis, Bacterial
Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.		02.4120
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		04.65110
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		04.65110
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
[description not available]		02.3320
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.9650
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.9650
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		02.8640
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		02.0510
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		02.0510
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		08.3273
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		08.3273
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		04.58100
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		06.4963
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		06.4963
Night Blindness
Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Hay Fever
[description not available]		08.98237
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		09.9156
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		08.98237
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		09.9156
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		03.3820
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		03.3820
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		03.4311
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		03.4311
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		03.4311
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		03.4311
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		03.6430
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.9610
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9610
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.9610
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		02.9610
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.0510
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.0510
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		03.630
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		03.630
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		02.0510
Chronic Bronchitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Bronchitis, Chronic
A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.		02.0610
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4311
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		03.4311
Necatoriasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.		03.4411
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		04.8780
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.0510
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.0510
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		02.9240
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		02.7130
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		02.9240
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		02.3320
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		02.6330
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		02.3820
Rigor Mortis
Muscular rigidity which develops in the cadaver usually from 4 to 10 hours after death and lasts 3 or 4 days.		02.0510
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		04.4451
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		04.590
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		04.590
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
[description not available]		02.9710
Keratitis, Herpetic
A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)		02.9710
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		06.54111
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		06.54111
Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Alpha Subunit Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0510
Acatalasemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.3320
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		03.2620
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.3320
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		03.2620
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		02.0610
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		03.3820
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
[description not available]		02.0610
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		05.36100
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.6630
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		02.3920
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		09.1152
Buckley Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0610
Job Syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Most cases are sporadic. Of the rare familial forms, the dominantly inherited subtype has additional connective tissue, dental and skeletal involvement that the recessive type does not share.		02.0610
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		02.4720
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4720
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		03.3820
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.4420
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.4420
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.0710
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		04.68110
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		09.6999
Cardiac Edema
[description not available]		02.0710
Edema, Cardiac
Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).		02.0710
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.0710
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.0710
Babesia Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.4751
Ciliary Dyskinesia, Primary, 1
[description not available]		02.0810
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		04.4751
Tuberculoma
A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.		02.0710
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.0710
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.0710
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.4520
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		03.630
Biotinidase Deficiency
The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.		02.0710
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		03.9950
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		03.9950
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		02.6630
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		02.3920
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		03.9950
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.0110
Acid Alpha-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0110
Glycogen Storage Disease Type II
An autosomal recessively inherited glycogen storage disease caused by GLUCAN 1,4-ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE deficiency. Large amounts of GLYCOGEN accumulate in the LYSOSOMES of skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL); HEART; LIVER; SPINAL CORD; and BRAIN. Three forms have been described: infantile, childhood, and adult. The infantile form is fatal in infancy and presents with hypotonia and a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC). The childhood form usually presents in the second year of life with proximal weakness and respiratory symptoms. The adult form consists of a slowly progressive proximal myopathy. (From Muscle Nerve 1995;3:S61-9; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp73-4)		02.0110
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.0110
ATLL
[description not available]		02.6930
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.6930
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.0110
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0110
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		06.3361
Infections, Respirovirus
[description not available]		02.0110
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		05.35230
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.420
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		05.65310
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.6130
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		04.0831
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		04.0831
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		02.0110
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		02.0110
Tendinitis
Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.		02.3320
Adhesive Capsulitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Bursitis
Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.		01.9310
Tendinopathy
Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.		02.3320
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		02.3420
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		02.3420
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		01.9310
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		01.9310
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9310
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		01.9310
Stasis Ulcer
[description not available]		02.3420
Varices
[description not available]		04.771
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		01.9310
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		03.0350
Varicose Ulcer
Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.		02.3420
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		04.771
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		03.67100
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		03.67100
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		02.6230
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		02.6230
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.6430
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.4680
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.6430
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		03.7421
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		01.9310
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		03.7421
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		01.9310
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		01.9310
Dysentery
Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.		02.3420
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		01.9410
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		01.9410
Palsy
[description not available]		01.9410
Familial Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		01.9410
Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		02.3720
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		06.9410
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
An autosomal dominant familial disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with falls in serum potassium levels. The condition usually presents in the first or second decade of life with attacks of trunk and leg paresis during sleep or shortly after awakening. Symptoms may persist for hours to days and generally are precipitated by exercise or a meal high in carbohydrates. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1483)		02.3720
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		04.89140
Avian Leukosis
A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.		01.9410
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		04.89140
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.6430
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		01.9410
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.3370
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		06.14520
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.6430
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		03.3370
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		03.0650
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		03.0650
Porphyria
[description not available]		04.4790
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		04.4790
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		01.9310
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		01.9310
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		04.9490
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.3420
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		01.9310
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.3420
Scleroderma, Diffuse
A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.		01.9310
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		01.9310
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		01.9310
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		04.3780
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		01.9310
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		07.17202
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		07.17202
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0110
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		02.3920
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		02.3920
Itching
[description not available]		03.1860
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.1860
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		02.8640
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		02.8640
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		01.9210
Icterus
[description not available]		01.9210
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		01.9210
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		01.9210
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		01.9210
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		01.9210
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		01.9210
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		06.9210
Erythema Nodosum
An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.		01.9310
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		03.7740
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		02.0210
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.0210
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.0210
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		02.0210
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.0210
Sneezing
The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		03.8121
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.0210
Lentiginosis, Perioral
[description not available]		02.0210
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.0210
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.		02.0210
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		03.3420
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		03.3420
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		02.4320
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		02.7130
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		02.7130
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		04.7370
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0210
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		04.7370
Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.0210
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.		02.0210
Spasmophilia
[description not available]		02.0210
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy
[description not available]		03.7940
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		02.0210
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8740
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.		03.7940
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		02.0210
Suffocation
[description not available]		03.4680
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.		03.4680
ARG1 Deficiency
[description not available]		02.4320
Hyperargininemia
A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)		02.4320
Biliary Calculi
[description not available]		02.0210
Gallstones
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.		02.0210
Bronchospasm
[description not available]		06.2485
Bronchial Spasm
Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.		06.2485
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		02.9410
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		02.0310
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		02.0310
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.0310
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.0310
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		09.58100
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		04.58100
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		02.0310
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		02.0310
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.0310
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		02.0310
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		03.91130
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		02.4220
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		03.91130
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		02.0310
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3820
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.3820
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.4120
Anemia, Congenital Nonspherocytic Hemolytic
[description not available]		02.3820
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		02.3820
Alcoholic Fatty Liver
[description not available]		02.0410
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		02.0410
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.0410
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.		02.0410
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		04.4890
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		04.4890
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.8840
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.8840
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		01.9510
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		01.9510
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		03.2160
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		09.88140
As If Personality
[description not available]		01.9610
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		01.9610
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		01.9610
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		01.9610
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		02.8810
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		02.8810
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		01.9610
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		01.9610
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.5790
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.6530
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital
Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.		02.6530
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		02.8840
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		02.8710
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		03.5630
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		02.8710
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		03.5630
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		02.8710
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		02.8710
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		01.9510
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		02.6430
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		01.9510
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		01.9510
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		01.9510
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		01.9610
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		02.8710
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		02.8710
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		04.8580
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		04.8580
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		03.4680
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		03.9850
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.5730
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.5730
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.3620
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.3620
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		04.66110
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		04.66110
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.3620
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		01.9610
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase
[description not available]		03.2820
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V
Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise.		03.2820
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		01.9610
Bacteroides Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.		01.9610
Infections, Proteus
[description not available]		01.9610
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.3720
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.3720
Neoplasms, Sebaceous Gland
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		01.9510
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		01.9510
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		01.9510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		01.9610
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		01.9610
Contracture
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.		02.3720
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		03.7521
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses
A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.		02.3820
Infections, Chlamydia
[description not available]		01.9610
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.		01.9610
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		01.9610
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		01.9610
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		02.6530
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		02.6530
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		01.9610
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.3720
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		03.5690
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.8840
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8840
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.		02.8740
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.6430
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		02.6430
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		04.5961
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		03.0750
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		03.0750
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9510
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		01.9510
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9510
Shingles
[description not available]		05.8791
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		05.8791
Trichostrongylosis
Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.		01.9510
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9610
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		04.1260
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5730
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		03.5730
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		01.9510
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		02.3520
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		02.3520
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		01.9510
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		01.9510
Insulin Coma
Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.		02.3520
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		01.9810
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		01.9810
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.4680
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.4680
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		01.9810
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		05.9474
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		05.9474
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.3920
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.3920
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		01.9810
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		01.9810
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.3620
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.3920
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		01.9810
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		01.9810
Urinary Incontinence, Stress
Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.		01.9810
Spherocytosis, Hereditary
A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions.		02.3720
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.8840
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningitis, Tuberculous
[description not available]		01.9810
Meningitis, Viral
Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)		01.9810
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		01.9810
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)		01.9810
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		02.3920
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		03.2160
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		03.2160
Fallot's Tetralogy
[description not available]		01.9810
Tetralogy of Fallot
A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.		01.9810
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		01.9810
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Chondrocalcinosis
Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.		01.9810
Classic Galactosemia
[description not available]		02.6530
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)		02.6530
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		03.0650
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.3920
Abnormality, Torsion
[description not available]		01.9910
Infarct
[description not available]		02.3720
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		01.9910
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		01.9910
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		01.9910
Hereditary Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		01.9910
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9910
ARSA Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic
An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.		01.9910
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.3820
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.3820
Acquired Storage Pool Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.3920
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.3920
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		0210
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		0210
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		0210
B cepacia Infection
[description not available]		0210
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.4120
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		03.260
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		03.260
Carotid Artery Thrombosis
Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.		0210
Convulsions, Febrile
[description not available]		02.3920
Seizures, Febrile
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)		02.3920
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		0210
Deficiency, Muscle Phosphofructokinase
[description not available]		02.3920
Glycogen Storage Disease Type VII
An autosomal recessive glycogen storage disease in which there is deficient expression of 6-phosphofructose 1-kinase in muscle (PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE) resulting in abnormal deposition of glycogen in muscle tissue. These patients have severe congenital muscular dystrophy and are exercise intolerant.		02.3920
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.3820
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		03.7621
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.7621
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		03.3911
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		0210
Black Fever
[description not available]		0210
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		0210
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		03.3911
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		02.0110
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		02.0110
Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome
Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.		02.0110
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.		02.3520
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		01.9510
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		01.9510
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		02.3620
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		02.3620
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		01.9510
Common Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		01.9510
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida
[description not available]		02.3520
Arboviral Encephalitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Mucopolysaccharidosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.		01.9510
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		01.9510
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		01.9510
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		01.9510
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.		01.9510
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.		01.9510
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		03.0550
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		03.0550
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		01.9510
Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI
A hepatic GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE in which there is an apparent deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase (GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE, LIVER FORM) activity.		01.9510
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.8640
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		02.8640
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		04.1260
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		04.1260
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		04.0330
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		04.0330
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
[description not available]		01.9510
Keratitis, Ulcerative
[description not available]		02.3520
Corneal Ulcer
Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.		02.3520
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		03.260
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		03.260
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		02.3620
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		02.3620
Pink Eye
[description not available]		01.9510
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		01.9510
Vaginal Diseases
Pathological processes of the VAGINA.		01.9510
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.6430
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		02.6430
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.6430
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		01.9510
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Alastrim
[description not available]		01.9510
Herpes Zoster, Ocular
[description not available]		01.9510
Furrow Keratitis
[description not available]		02.8740
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		01.9510
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.		01.9510
Smallpox
An acute, highly contagious, often fatal infectious disease caused by an orthopoxvirus characterized by a biphasic febrile course and distinctive progressive skin eruptions. Vaccination has succeeded in eradicating smallpox worldwide. (Dorland, 28th ed)		01.9510
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.6430
Bleb
[description not available]		01.9510
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		03.5630
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		03.5630
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9510
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		01.9510
Osseous Paget's Disease
[description not available]		02.3520
Rachitis
[description not available]		02.3520
Osteitis Deformans
A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.		02.3520
Prinzmetal Angina
[description not available]		01.9510
Angina Pectoris, Variant
A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.		01.9510
Brain Dead
[description not available]		01.9510
Cold Sore
[description not available]		01.9510
Herpes Labialis
Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9510
Hives
[description not available]		01.9510
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		01.9510
Injuries, Knee
[description not available]		01.9510
Knee Injuries
Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.		01.9510
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		01.9510
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		03.2720
Neurilemoma
[description not available]		03.2720
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		03.2720
Neurilemmoma
A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)		03.2720
ALDOB Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9510
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9510
Vaccinia
The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.		01.9510
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		01.9510
Mitral Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.		01.9510
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		02.3620
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		02.3620
Psychoses
[description not available]		01.9510
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		02.3520
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		01.9510
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		01.9510
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		02.3520
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		01.9510
Iritis
Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.		01.9510
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		01.9510
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.3620
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		01.9510
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3620
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		02.6430
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		02.6430
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		01.9510
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		03.5630
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.2720
Placenta Diseases
Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.		04.0230
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		03.5630
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.8640
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		01.9510
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		01.9510
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity
[description not available]		01.9510
Psychoses, Alcoholic
A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.		01.9510
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid
[description not available]		01.9510
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		01.9510
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		02.6430
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		01.9810
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		01.9810
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		01.9810
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		01.9810
Congenital Familial Lymphedema
[description not available]		01.9810
Lymphedema
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		01.9710
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.6630
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		03.7520
Bloom Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivity, DWARFISM and other abnormalities, and a predisposition toward developing cancer. The Bloom syndrome gene (BLM) encodes a RecQ-like DNA helicase.		02.3820
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		01.9710
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9710
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.3620
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		01.9710
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.3620
Root Resorption
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Carcinoma, Thymic
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancer of the Thymus
[description not available]		02.3620
Thymoma
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9710
Thymus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.		02.3620
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9710
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		01.9710
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		01.9710
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		03.2820
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase
[description not available]		01.9610
Sarcocystosis
Infection of the striated muscle of mammals by parasites of the genus SARCOCYSTIS. Disease symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and paralysis are produced by sarcocystin, a toxin produced by the organism.		01.9710
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9710
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		01.9610
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		01.9610
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		01.9710
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		02.3620
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		02.3620
Erysipelas
An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.		01.9610
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		01.9610
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		01.9610
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.3520
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.3520
Insect Bites
[description not available]		01.9510
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		01.9510
Siderosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.		01.9510
Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue
Neoplasms composed of nerve tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the nervous system or its component nerves.		03.2720
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.8610
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		02.8610
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		01.9510
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		01.9510
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		01.9510
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		02.3520
Aortic Incompetence
[description not available]		01.9410
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).		01.9410
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		02.3520
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		02.3520
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		01.9510
Autotomy Human
[description not available]		01.9410
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		01.9410
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9410
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		01.9410
Nanism
[description not available]		01.9410
Brittle Bone Disease
[description not available]		03.2720
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		01.9410
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.		03.2720
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		03.7420
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		03.7420
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		01.9510
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		01.9510
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		01.9510
Otospongiosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Otosclerosis
Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.		01.9510
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.8610
Marasmus
[description not available]		02.8610
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		02.8610
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		01.9510
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		01.9510
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9510
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		02.3520
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		01.9510
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		01.9510
Clubfeet
[description not available]		01.9510
Fong Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		02.3520
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		01.9510
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		01.9510
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		01.9510
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		01.9510
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.8610
Jaw Diseases
Diseases involving the JAW.		02.8610
Water Intoxication
A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.		02.8610
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		01.9410
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.		01.9410
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		01.9410
Deficiency, Vitamin K
[description not available]		01.9410
Vitamin K Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)		01.9410
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		01.9510
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		01.9510
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		01.9510
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy
[description not available]		01.9510
Anochlesia
[description not available]		01.9510
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		01.9510
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		02.3520
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		01.9510
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		01.9510
Maggot Infestations
[description not available]		01.9510
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		02.8610
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		02.8610
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		01.9410
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		01.9410
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		01.9410
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Embryopathies
[description not available]		01.9410
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		01.9410