A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| 3-methylfentanyl | The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 3-methyl-N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 3-methylfentanyl |
| alfentanil | A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | alfentanil |
| anileridine | A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group. | anileridine |
| buprenorphine | A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain. | buprenorphine |
| butorphanol | Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | butorphanol |
| carfentanil | A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid. | carfentanil |
| codeine | A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties. | codeine |
| dextromethadone | A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. | dextromethadone |
| dextromoramide | An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004. | dextromoramide |
| dextropropoxyphene | The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | dextropropoxyphene |
| dezocine | (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness. | dezocine |
| ecgonine methyl ester | The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine. | ecgonine methyl ester |
| eseroline | A pyrroloindole that is 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 3a and 8 and a hydroxy group at position 5. It is a metabolite of physostigmine and causes neuronal cell death by a mechanism involving loss of cell ATP. | eseroline |
| etorphine | | etorphine |
| fentanyl | A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | fentanyl |
| fentanyl citrate | The citric acid salt of fentanyl, comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and fentanyl. A mu-opioid receptor agonist, it is a potent opioid analgesic used in the management of labour pain, postoperative pain, and chronic intractable cancer pain. It is also widely used as the analgesic component of balanced anaesthesia. | fentanyl citrate |
| heroin | A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. | heroin |
| hydrocodone | A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. | hydrocodone |
| hydromorphone | A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. | hydromorphone |
| jwh-133 | A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist. | JWH-133 |
| levomethadone | A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine. | levomethadone |
| lofentanil | The carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid. | lofentanyl |
| meperidine | A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | pethidine |
| meperidine hydrochloride | The hydrochloride salt of pethidine. An analgesic used for the treatment of postoperative and labour pain. | pethidine hydrochloride |
| morphine | A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). | morphine |
| nalbuphine | | nalbuphine |
| noramidopyrine | A member of the class of pyrazoles that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methylamino group. It is a metabolite of aminopyrine and of metamizole. | 4-(methylamino)antipyrine |
| norfentanyl | A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(N'-phenyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. A major metabolite of fentanyl. | norfentanyl |
| oripavine | A morphinane alkaloid with formula C18H19NO3. It is the major metabolite of thebaine. | oripavine |
| oxycodone | A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. | oxycodone |
| pholcodine | A morphinane alkaloid that is a derivative of morphine with a 2-morpholinoethyl group at the 3-position. | pholcodine |
| proglumide | A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs. | N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine; proglumide |
| remifentanil | A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline. | remifentanil |
| sufentanil | An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | sufentanil |
| tramadol | A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. | (R,R)-tramadol |
| tramadol hydrochloride | A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of (R,R)-tramadol with 1 molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol hydrochloride, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. | (R,R)-tramadol hydrochloride |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.3071 | 5 | 7 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 4.7755 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6032 | 1 | 1 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 4.4563 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.0957 | 1 | 1 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.6390 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.6124 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.2167 | 2 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.8493 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| endonuclease IV | Escherichia coli | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.3908 | 5 | 6 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.8356 | 2 | 2 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3724 | 1 | 2 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 14.6390 | 1 | 2 |
| GALC protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7079 | 1 | 1 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.5131 | 1 | 2 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.3166 | 2 | 2 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.6822 | 1 | 1 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.6390 | 1 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.6390 | 1 | 4 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.6390 | 1 | 2 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.9125 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 40.5334 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.0390 | 2 | 2 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.6562 | 2 | 2 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 12.8178 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4889 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 112.2020 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.2387 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.8789 | 2 | 2 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.6325 | 2 | 2 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.0417 | 2 | 5 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.3332 | 1 | 1 |