Cadmium is a soft, bluish-white, silvery metal that is found in small amounts in the earth’s crust. It is not found free in nature, but it is often combined with other elements, such as sulfur, oxygen, and chlorine, to form cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium oxide (CdO), and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Cadmium is a byproduct of zinc smelting and refining, and it is also extracted from ores that contain cadmium. Cadmium is used in a variety of applications, including batteries, pigments, and coatings. It is also used in the production of alloys, semiconductors, and plastics. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time. Exposure to cadmium can cause a variety of health problems, including lung cancer, kidney damage, and bone disease. The toxicity of cadmium is due to its ability to interfere with the function of enzymes and other proteins in the body. Cadmium is also a known endocrine disruptor, which means that it can interfere with the function of the endocrine system. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating many important bodily functions, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. The effects of cadmium on the endocrine system can be quite severe, and they can lead to a variety of health problems, including infertility, birth defects, and cancer. Cadmium is a very toxic metal and is considered a serious environmental pollutant. It can be released into the environment from industrial sources, such as smelting and refining operations, and from consumer products, such as batteries and pigments. Cadmium can accumulate in soil, water, and air, and it can be taken up by plants and animals. The accumulation of cadmium in the food chain can pose a serious threat to human health. In the environment, cadmium can exist in several forms, including ionic forms, solid forms, and organic forms. The form of cadmium present will influence its transport and fate in the environment. For example, cadmium in its ionic form is highly mobile in soil and water, while cadmium in its solid form is less mobile. Cadmium can be released into the environment through a variety of sources, including industrial activities, mining, agriculture, and waste disposal. Cadmium contamination of water sources can occur through industrial discharges, runoff from agricultural fields, and leaching from landfills. Once cadmium is released into the environment, it can be transported through air, water, and soil. Cadmium can be taken up by plants and animals, and it can accumulate in the food chain. The accumulation of cadmium in the food chain can pose a serious threat to human health.'
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 23973 |
| CHEBI ID | 22977 |
| CHEBI ID | 37249 |
| MeSH ID | M0003131 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| CD , |
| 48cd |
| kadmium |
| CHEBI:22977 , |
| cadmio |
| cadmium, elemental |
| kadmium [german] |
| c.i. 77180 |
| einecs 231-152-8 |
| colloidal cadmium |
| c i 77180 |
| ccris 112 |
| hsdb 282 |
| cadmium |
| 7440-43-9 |
| C01413 |
| cadmium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, >=99.99% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, stick, thickness 10 mm, >=99.999% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, granular, >=99%, 5-20 mesh |
| cadmium, powder, -100 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, rod, diam. 4.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, shot, 3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis |
| cadmium, granular, 30-80 mesh, >=99% |
| niosh/ev3380000 |
| EV33800000 |
| cadmium, thermovacuum aerosol |
| aerosol of thermovacuum cadmium |
| 69011-70-7 |
| cd135 |
| cadmium, mass of 135 |
| 81271-94-5 |
| unii-00bh33gngh |
| 00bh33gngh , |
| ec 231-152-8 |
| cadmium metal |
| cadmium [who-dd] |
| ci 77180 |
| cadmium [mart.] |
| cadmium [hsdb] |
| cadmium [mi] |
| cadmium metallicum |
| cadmium metallicum [hpus] |
| elemental cadmium |
| AKOS015902734 |
| cadmium powder - 100mesh |
| BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| cadmium,sponge |
| 72172-64-6 |
| DTXSID1023940 , |
| cadmium single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, (111) orientation, +/-2 degrees |
| cadmium powder, -200 mesh |
| cadmium rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia |
| cadmium foil, 0.1mm (0.004in) thick, 99.9975% (metals basis) |
| cadmium foil, 0.5mm (0.02in) thick, 99.9975% (metals basis) |
| cadmium wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| cadmium powder, -325 mesh |
| cadmium shot, 5cm (2in) dia |
| cadmium foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick, 99.9975% (metals basis) |
| cadmium shot, tear drop, -5+20 mesh |
| cadmium wire, 0.5mm (0.02in) dia, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| cadmium foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, 15x15cm (5.9x5.9in) |
| cadmium wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| cadmium foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| cadmium foil, 2.0mm (0.08in) thick, 99.998% (metals basis) |
| cadmium rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia x 23cm (9.0in), 99.999% (metals basis) |
| cadmium shot, tear drop, 3mm (0.1in) |
| cadmium shot, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in), puratronic? |
| mfcd00010914 |
| cadmium powder |
| cadmium granules |
| cadmium pieces |
| cadmium powder, 99.999%, 5n |
| cadmium shot, 3n5 |
| cadmium foil, 0.05mm (0.002in) thick, 99.999% (metals basis) |
| cadmium, purum p.a., for filling reductors |
| cadmium, >=99.9% |
| cadmium standard for ic, ready-to-use, traceable to bam, in nitric acid |
| cadmium, purum p.a., for metal reduction, 99.99%, granular |
| aquanal(tm)-plus cadmium (cd) 0.02-1.2 mg/l, test set with color comparator |
| aquanal(tm)-plus cadmium (cd) 0.02-1.2 mg/l, refill pack for 37432 |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 30x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, rod, 50mm, diameter 10.0mm, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.29mm, inside diameter 1.27mm, wall thickness 0.51mm, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 71x179mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.70mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 95x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 30x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 2.0mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.999% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, rod, 25mm, diameter 40mm, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, lump, 100 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.2mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 100mm, diameter 40mm, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 2.0mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, rod, 150mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.70mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 195x200mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 2.0mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.70mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 200x200mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x200mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.29mm, inside diameter 1.27mm, wall thickness 0.51mm, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 30x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, powder, max. particle size 60 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.9% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.2mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x200mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.999% |
| cadmium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.29mm, inside diameter 1.27mm, wall thickness 0.51mm, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, rod, 500mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 300x1000mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.2mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, powder, max. particle size 60 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.9% |
| cadmium, lump, 100 mm max. lump size, weight 500 g, purity 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.70mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 50mm, diameter 40mm, 99.9% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, lump, 100 mm max. lump size, weight 1000 g, purity 99.99% |
| cadmium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.29mm, inside diameter 1.27mm, wall thickness 0.51mm, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 100% |
| cadmium, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.2mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x300mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, powder, max. particle size 60 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 75x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 200x200mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, 99.999% |
| cadmium, lump, 100 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.70mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99% |
| cadmium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.7+% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 200mm, diameter 10.0mm, 99.999% |
| cadmium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.95+% |
| cadmium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, powder, max. particle size 60 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.9% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.2mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 3.0mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.9% |
| cadmium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.999% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, rod, 300mm, diameter 10.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+% |
| cadmium, p.a. |
| cadmium powder 325 mesh |
| DB14085 |
| cadmium single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, random orientation |
| cadmium single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, (110) orientation, +/-2 degrees |
| cadmium single crystal disc, 10mm (0.39in) dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) thick, (100) orientation, +/-0.5 degrees |
| cadmium single crystal, 15mm (0.59in) dia, 50mm (2.0in) long, (100) orientation, +/-2 degrees |
| Q1091 |
| cadmium, rod, 99.9999% (6n), diameter 21 mm, length 55 mm |
| cadmium, shots, 99.99999% (7n), diameter 2-4 mm, vacuum bags |
| H11246 |
| cadmium metal-sticks |
| CHEBI:37249 , |
| dtxcid303940 |
| sulfur-free cadmium concentrate: cd @ approx. 10 wt% in hydrocarbons |
| cadmium (mart.) |
| cadmium metalllicum |
| cadmium hollow cathode lamp: 1.5 diameter, 2-pin, non-coded |
| cadmium hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 4-pin, cableless |
| sulfur-free cadmium standard: cd @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| cadmium metal: cadmium |
| cadmium hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 9-pin, non-coded |
| sulfur-free cadmium standard: cd @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| 871 - elements in herbs |
| cadmium standard: cd @ 10000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| 01-c - metals iom capsules |
| cadmium standard: cd @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| 827 - elements in infant fruit/vegetable puree |
| 718 - metals analysis in cocoa powder |
| 719 - cadmium in chocolate |
| 819 - chemical analysis - table salt |
| 742 - fish based sample |
| 866 - elements in ground pepper |
| 785 - metals in oil |
| 01 - metals 25mm filters |
| 01-a - metals 37mm capsules |
| 747 - meat based sample |
| 34a - wfd a |
| 786 - metals in dried fruit |
| 05b - eqs metals (preserved in 0.5% nitric acid) |
| 795 - elements in mushrooms |
| 780 - metals in tea matrix |
| 741 - shellfish based sample |
| cadmium standard: cd @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| 874 - lead and cadmium in 4% aqueous acetic acid |
| 01-b - metals 37mm filters |
| 10c - metals |
| cadmium aa standard: cd @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| cadmium standard: cd @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| 784 - metals in cereals |
| cadmium standard: cd @ 10 microg/ml in 2% hno3 |
| cadmium - cd @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| cadmium - cd @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3 |
| cadmium - cd @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil |
| cadmium - cd @ 10 microg/ml in 2% hno3 |
Cadmium is an extremely toxic substance known to cause serious health problems. Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element that induces both Fe deficiency and toxicity; however the mechanisms behind these Fe/Cd-induced responses are still elusive.
Cadmium has a significant effect on renal function, and as a result alters bone metabolism, leading to osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Cadmium (Cd) has a high toxicity and resolving its speciation in soil is challenging but essential for estimating the environmental risk.
Cadmium exposure has been established to induce cancer in various tissues of laboratory animals. Cadmium pollution has clear ecotoxicological consequences as it is readily bio-available and has a reported tendency to bio-accumulate in soil biota.
Cadmium ions inhibit membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase with a second-order rate constant of 10.42 mM-1 s-1 at pH 7.35 and 25 degrees C. Both cadmium and BSO inhibit EGF-induced DNA synthesis in NRK-49F cells.
Cadmium treatment increased the soluble sugar content of P. The cadmium-treated group showed degenerated, detached seminiferous tubules, vacuolations and wide interstitial spaces containing fluid exudates. Cadmium treated rats exhibited reduced noradrenalin, dopami, and PLD1.
Cadmium is one of the most toxic elements with no benefit to plants and human health. Cadmium proved to be more toxic than copper in most cases. Small amounts of dietary ascorbic acid were protective against many of the adverse effects of cadmium.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "22 of 31 residents of a Somerset village where soil levels of cadmium were high had raised blood-cadmium levels, and some had clinical and biochemical findings (including hypertension and biochemical evidence of renal tubular damage) indicating toxic effects which could be attributed to the metal." | ( Evidence of cadmium toxicity in a population living in a zinc-mining area. Pilot survey of Shipham residents. Carruthers, M; Smith, B, 1979) | 0.88 |
| " Cadmium was found to be at least five times more toxic than lead except at low concentration." | ( [Lead and cadmium toxicity in established mammalian cell lines]. Habazin-Novak, V; Hors, N; Skreb, Y, 1978) | 1.57 |
| " Furthermore, individual differences which are caused by genetic, nutritional, hormonal, habitual, and many other factors may alter the toxic or metabolic effects of a single metal." | ( [Various factors influencing toxicity and metabolism of metals--metal-metal interactions and host factors (author's transl)]. Tsuchiya, K, 1977) | 0.26 |
| "The nutrient quality of the diet has been shown repeatedly to be a significant factor in modifying the response of man and animals to toxic element exposure." | ( Nutritional influences on metal toxicity: cadmium as a model toxic element. Fox, MR, 1979) | 0.52 |
| " The significance of these findings reveals itself in two ways: namely, that toxicologic investigations of lead and cadmium, whether experimental or clinical, must be based on a definitive consideration of the nutritional status of animals or people, and, secondly, that the preventive role of nutrition, especially that of trace metal intakes, must be taken seriously when establishing measures for reducing, eliminating, or combatting the toxic effects of widespread exposure to lead and cadmium in humans." | ( Some observations on the interaction of zinc, copper, and iron metabolism in lead and cadmium toxicity. Petering, HG, 1978) | 0.69 |
| " Significant toxic effects of cadmium alone did not occur until the level was raised to 60 ppm." | ( The modifying effect of multiple generation selection and dietary cadmium on methyl mercury toxicity in Japanese quail. Eskeland, B; Nafstad, I, 1978) | 0.78 |
| "The toxic effect of the metal ions of cadmium, zinc, nickel and mercury and their tetracyanide salt complexes, on the activated sludge not previously acclimated, has been studied." | ( Comparison of the toxicity of some metals and their tetracyanide complexes on the respiration of non acclimated activated sludges. Cenci, G; Morozzi, G, 1978) | 0.53 |
| " Small amounts of dietary ascorbic acid were protective against many of the adverse effects of cadmium." | ( Protective effects of ascorbic acid against toxicity of heavy metals. Fox, MR, 1975) | 0.47 |
| "Cadmium, mercury, and lead are toxic to humans and animals." | ( Metabolism and toxicity of cadmium, mercury, and lead in animals: a review. Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1975) | 1.99 |
| " A long-term survival assay revealed that CdCl2 above 1 microM was toxic to the cells." | ( Exogenous glutathione decreases cellular cadmium uptake and toxicity. Kang, YJ, ) | 0.4 |
| " Cadmium therefore appears to have an adverse effect on iron absorption." | ( [Toxicity of cadmium in cattle]. Kessels, BG; Wensing, T; Wentink, GH, 1992) | 1.56 |
| " Cadmium and mercury treatment at LD50 levels resulted in severe thyrotoxicosis in the rabbit." | ( Thyrotoxicity of the chlorides of cadmium and mercury in rabbit. Bhattacharya, S; Ghosh, N, 1992) | 1.47 |
| " In workers exposed to Cd, however, it has been shown that a persistent low Mr proteinuria is predictive of an exacerbation of the age-related decline of the GFR; this biological change should be considered as an adverse effect." | ( Monitoring of early nephrotoxic effects of industrial chemicals. Bernard, A; Cardenas, A; Lauwerys, R, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " These models can be used to estimate the dose levels of Zn and Cu which will reduce the toxic effects of CdMT." | ( A multivariate study of protective effects of Zn and Cu against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium metallothionein in rats. Jin, TY; Liu, XY; Nordberg, GF; Rännar, S; Sjöström, M; Zhou, Y, 1992) | 0.5 |
| " To compare toxic effects on different parts of the nephron, metabolic studies (de novo protein synthesis as assessed by amino acid incorporation and fatty acid oxidation) were performed in freshly isolated rat glomeruli and proximal tubular fragments (PTF) in the presence of increasing concentrations of mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) salts." | ( Assessment of heavy metal nephrotoxicity in vitro using isolated rat glomeruli and proximal tubular fragments. Bach, PH; Kwizera, EN; Wilks, MF, ) | 0.3 |
| "The toxic effects of cadmium on the thyroid gland of pregnant rats were studied with an electron microscope and an X-ray microanalyzer." | ( Cadmium toxicity in the thyroid gland of pregnant rats. Araki, H; Doi, Y; Hamasaki, K; Hara, K; Mori, N; Sakamoto, Y; Tanaka, I; Umezu, Y; Yokoyama, M; Yoshizuka, M, 1991) | 2.04 |
| "Rat hepatocyte suspensions were exposed to toxic concentrations of cadmium (Cd) in the presence and absence of unesterified alpha-tocopherol (T) or alpha-tocopheryl succinate (TS)." | ( Cadmium toxicity: unique cytoprotective properties of alpha tocopheryl succinate in hepatocytes. Fariss, MW, 1991) | 1.96 |
| " Thus, dietary zinc deficiency appears to cause a generalized increase in the chronic toxic effects of cadmium." | ( Effect of chronic dietary zinc deficiency on cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis in the male Wistar [Hsd: (WI)BR] rat. Kovatch, R; Rehm, S; Waalkes, MP, 1991) | 0.76 |
| "Previously, we had shown that arsenic interacts with cadmium in rats; our results showed that the toxicity of a mixture of arsenic + cadmium cannot be predicted by the toxic mechanisms of the individual components." | ( Arsenic-cadmium interaction in rats: toxic effects in the heart and tissue metal shifts. Batres, L; Carrizales, L; Díaz-Barriga, F; Mejía, JJ; Yáñez, L; Zanatta, MT, 1991) | 0.97 |
| " There was no adverse effect on general health or survival." | ( Comparison of the toxicity of inorganic and liver-incorporated cadmium: a 4-wk feeding study in rats. Groten, JP; Luten, JB; Sinkeldam, EJ; van Bladeren, PJ, 1990) | 0.52 |
| " Instead of using death as the principal criterion of toxicity, it is based on a careful, standardized clinical assessment of toxic signs measured in the nonlethal dose range." | ( Acute toxicity testing in the nonlethal dose range: a new approach. Sigg, H; Tamborini, P; Zbinden, G, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "The toxic effects of Cd and Hg mixtures were studied using primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes." | ( The cytotoxic effects of cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride mixtures in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Beattie, JH; Denizeau, F; Marion, M; Schmit, JP, 1990) | 0.58 |
| " These data suggest that the corneal edema observed after administration of cadmium may imply the disturbance of pump function and barrier function of the corneal endothelium due to the primary toxic effects of this metal on mitochondria." | ( Cadmium toxicity to the cornea of pregnant rats: electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Fujimoto, S; Kaye, GI; McCarthy, KJ; Yoshizuka, M, 1990) | 1.95 |
| "Cadmium, a placental toxicant in rodents, was studied in the in vitro isolated dually perfused human placental lobule for periods of up to 12 hr to determine if cadmium can also be toxic in the human placenta." | ( Toxicity of cadmium in the perfused human placenta. DiSant'Agnese, PA; Maulik, D; Miller, RK; Wier, PJ, 1990) | 2.1 |
| "Cadmium is a highly toxic element that is cumulative and has a long biological half-life in mammals." | ( Cadmium inhalation and male reproductive toxicity. Mast, TJ; Ragan, HA, 1990) | 3.16 |
| "The mechanism of cellular uptake of cadmium, a highly toxic metal ion, is not known." | ( Cadmium uptake and toxicity via voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Hinkle, PM; Kinsella, PA; Osterhoudt, KC, 1987) | 1.99 |
| " In Fe-deficient animals, cadmium was found to be more toxic than in Fe supplemented animals as measured by growth." | ( Studies on the role of iron in the reversal of cadmium toxicity in chicks. Blalock, TL; Hill, CH, ) | 0.69 |
| "Studies of marginal safe Se-intake have been carried out in a seleniferous section of China since 1985." | ( Studies of safe maximal daily dietary selenium intake in a seleniferous area in China. I. Selenium intake and tissue selenium levels of the inhabitants. Gu, L; Li, X; Liu, Y; Yan, B; Yang, G; Yin, S; Zhou, R, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Toxic effects of the afore-mentioned heavy metals at the tissue level have been discussed." | ( Responses induced by long-term toxic effects of heavy metals on fish tissues concerned with digestion, absorption, and excretion. Datta, D; Sinha, GM, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " This was followed by application of an acutely toxic dose of 15 mg/kg of PMA." | ( [Modification of the toxic effects of phenylmercury by adaptive reactions of the rat kidney. 2. Adaptation to phenylmercury acetate, cadmium chloride and cupric chloride]. Solecki, R, 1989) | 0.48 |
| " CdMT has also been demonstrated to be more toxic than Cd in cultured kidney cells, but it is not known if CdMT is more toxic to all cultured cells or if there is a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity." | ( Comparisons of the toxicity of CdCl2 and Cd-metallothionein in isolated rat hepatocytes. Bracken, WM; Klaassen, CD; Sendelbach, LE, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The capacity for population increase of mites appeared to be rather sensitive to Cd, while collembolans were able, to some extent, to maintain their capacity for increase, in spite of toxic effects at the individual level." | ( Population consequences of cadmium toxicity in soil microarthropods. de Goede, RG; Schobben, JH; van Straalen, NM, 1989) | 0.57 |
| " In acute toxicity studies, exposure to MM in diet had no effect on LD50 values obtained eight days after oral administration of Cd, Hg or Mn to rats of different ages." | ( Effect of a metal mixture in diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, mercury and manganese in rats. Blanusa, M; Kello, D; Kostial, K; Maljković, T; Rabar, I; Stara, JF, 1989) | 0.51 |
| "2) that decreases cellular levels of glutathione markedly] were sensitized to the toxic effects of CdCl2." | ( Glutathione, a first line of defense against cadmium toxicity. Anderson, ME; Meister, A; Singhal, RK, 1987) | 0.53 |
| " As a preliminary step to using human hepatocytes we have compared the toxic response to chemical toxicants of primary cultures of fresh rat hepatocytes and rat hepatocytes cryopreserved as previously described (G." | ( Studies of chemical toxicity to fresh and cryopreserved rat hepatocytes. Melder, DC; Powis, G; Santone, KS, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The biological half-time of cadmium in the human kidney is considered to be very long: 10-15 years and this explains the life-long accumulation of cadmium, reaching a toxic concentration of approximately 200 ug/g in excessively exposed individuals." | ( On the role of metallothionein in cadmium induced renal toxicity. Nordberg, GF; Nordberg, M, 1987) | 0.84 |
| " Such therapy, however, promotes the accumulation of metals in the brain, a side effect which may result in neurotoxicity." | ( Diethyldithiocarbamate increases distribution of cadmium to brain but prevents cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. Miller, DB; O'Callaghan, JP, 1986) | 0.53 |
| " Cadmium exerts its toxic effect(s) over a wide range of concentrations." | ( Cadmium transport, resistance, and toxicity in bacteria, algae, and fungi. Gadd, GM; Stratton, GW; Trevors, JT, 1986) | 2.62 |
| " Cadmium was much more toxic than the three other metal ions in both types of cells." | ( Toxicity and mutual interactions of cadmium and zinc ions in normal and carcinogen-transformed mouse cells. Coppey, J; Frenial, JM; Little, JB, 1986) | 1.46 |
| "Simultaneous treatment with cadmium chloride (5 micrograms/ml medium) and manganese chloride (5 or 10 micrograms/ml medium) was less toxic to mouse pre-implantation zygotes in vitro than cadmium alone." | ( Cadmium toxicity on mouse pre-implantation zygotes in vitro: interactions of cadmium with manganese, zinc and calcium ions. Chan, ST; Yu, HS, 1988) | 2.01 |
| " Cadmium chloride and both isoforms of CdMT were found to be toxic to hepatocytes although partial protection was afforded by the binding of cadmium to metallothionein (MT)." | ( The modulation by metallothionein of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in primary hepatocyte cultures. Beattie, JH; Denizeau, F; Marion, M, 1987) | 1.46 |
| ", cell viability, lysosomal enzyme leakage, or changes in cell surface morphology, cadmium was more toxic to these cells than were the rare earth metals." | ( Cytotoxicity of the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium in vitro: comparisons with cadmium in a pulmonary macrophage primary culture system. Butenhoff, JL; Palmer, RJ; Stevens, JB, 1987) | 0.72 |
| " Upon exposure to CdCl2 in vitro (0-200 micrograms Cd/ml), a concentration dependent decrease in viability was observed in the non-pretreated cells, while no such decrease occurred in the pretreated cells indicating that these cells were more resistant to the toxic action of cadmium." | ( Influence of cadmium-metallothionein pretreatment on tolerance of rat kidney cortical cells to cadmium toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Jin, T; Nordberg, GF; Nordberg, M, 1987) | 0.82 |
| " They also indicate that Cd-induced depletion of cellular SH groups are associated with toxic effects of Cd on GSSG-R and G6PDH different from LPO-induction." | ( Consequences of cadmium toxicity in rat hepatocytes: effects of cadmium on the glutathione-peroxidase system. Müller, L, 1986) | 0.62 |
| " These changes are suggested as a contributing mechanism to the prevention of acute toxic effects of cadmium on the kidney." | ( Cadmium toxicity in kidney cells. Resistance induced by short term pretreatment in vitro and in vivo. Jin, T; Nordberg, GF, 1986) | 1.93 |
| "The radiolabeling of lymphocytes with 111In has resulted in detectable toxic changes in the cells." | ( Toxicity of indium-111 on the radiolabeled lymphocyte. Balaban, EP; Frenkel, EP; Simon, TR, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The uptake behavior by the cultured cells was in accordance with the characteristic features of metals, that metals in the fourth period are essential elements, and most of the elements of the fifth and the sixth periods are non-essential or toxic elements." | ( Uptake and toxic effects of heavy metal ions: interactions among cadmium, copper and zinc in cultured cells. Ishizawa, M; Meshitsuka, S; Nose, T, 1987) | 0.51 |
| " Potassium dichromate was highly toxic in both growth assays (0." | ( Cell detachment and growth of fibroblasts as parameters for cytotoxicity of inorganic metal salts in vitro. Pelli, DA; Reinhardt, CA; Sandvold, M, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Semi-chronic ecotoxic effects are measured by studying mortality and reproduction of daphnids, grown in toxic medium and fed with toxic chlorellae during 4 weeks." | ( [Study model of the mid-range ecotoxicity of chemical substances]. Ferard, JF; Jouany, JM; Lelandais, D; Truhaut, R; Vasseur, P, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "44% of 61 toxic samples of waste water showed cytotoxicity, only 60." | ( [Use of fish cell cultures for toxicity determination in order to reduce and replace the fish tests]. Ahne, W, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "Evaluation of the potential adverse human health effects of low-level chronic exposure to heavy metals is dependent on the basic knowledge of the cellular and molecular toxicology of these metals." | ( Rat kidney epithelial cell culture for metal toxicity studies. Cherian, MG, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Toxicity studies conducted on laboratory animals indicate that the probability of toxic side reactions resulting from the use of zinc-cadmium sulfide phosphor spray is very low." | ( Skin temperature recording with phosphors: toxicity studies on animals. Alt, LL; Derse, PH, 1966) | 0.45 |
| " The nature of these radicals, their cellular production as well as the defence mechanism which oppose their toxic effects are successively and briefly analysed." | ( [Pulmonary toxicity of free radicals of oxygen]. Housset, B; Junod, A, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Survival time was prolonged in rats treated with the toxic metals by pretreatment with NKK-105." | ( Effects of diiospropyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (NKK-105) on acute toxicity of various drugs and heavy metals. Hosokawa, T; Kitagawa, H; Saito, H; Sakamoto, K; Sugimoto, T; Yanaura, S, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Recently there has been an increased interest in the toxic effects from long term exposure of low levels of cadmium (Cd) in diet." | ( Chronic hepatic and renal toxicity by cadmium in rats. Chapatwala, KD; Hobson, M; Rajanna, B; Reese, J; Sample, E, 1984) | 0.75 |
| " Cadmium is also toxic to central nervous system." | ( Molecular basis of cadmium toxicity. Chopra, RK; Nath, R; Palinal, VK; Prasad, R, 1984) | 1.51 |
| " This study demonstrates that chromium can reduce some of the acute toxic effects of cadmium and re-emphasizes the requirement for knowledge not only of individual metals but also for the interactions among such chemicals." | ( Protective effects of chromium on the toxicity of cadmium in vivo. Klaassen, CD; Stacey, NH; Wong, KL, 1983) | 0.74 |
| " The results obtained were as follows: LD50 in acute Cd poisoning tended to be higher in C57BL/6 than in CF#1." | ( [Modifying effects of host factors in cadmium toxicity: species, sex, and age differences in mice]. Endo, T; Nishikawa, S; Yokoyama, E, 1983) | 0.54 |
| "Pretreatment with Zn is known to produce tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd." | ( Zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium hepatotoxicity. Goering, PL; Klaassen, CD, 1984) | 0.57 |
| "Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd." | ( Tolerance to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity following cadmium pretreatment. Goering, PL; Klaassen, CD, 1984) | 0.64 |
| " These results suggested that the factor directly related to the toxic action of Cd2+ was the amount of Cd2+ not associated with MT in the liver and other organs." | ( Defense mechanisms against cadmium toxicity. III. Effects of pretreatment with a small oral dose of cadmium on metallothionein synthesis after a large oral dose of cadmium in mice. Morita, S, 1984) | 0.56 |
| "Having defined cytotoxicity and shown the diversity and the advantage of a cellular material, the authors strived to ascertain the chemical affinities of mercury and cadmium, trying to find their toxic potentialities at the cellular level." | ( [Cytotoxicity of mercury and cadmium]. Boudene, C; Damerval, M, 1982) | 0.75 |
| " Cadmium chloride was found to be more toxic than zinc chloride." | ( Cadmium and zinc toxicity to an aquatic insect, Ranatra elongata (Fabr.). Murti, R; Shukla, GS, 1983) | 2.62 |
| " Thus, a decrease of the experimental toxic concentrations in the medium results in understating toxicity when tests are conducted under static conditions." | ( Interest of dynamic tests in acute ecotoxicity assessment in algae. Ferard, JF; Gea, J; Jouany, JM; Rast, C; Truhaut, R; Vasseur, P, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "Despite increasing attempts to control environmental pollution, changes in the distribution and bioavailability of toxic metals like mercury and cadmium are still occurring." | ( Cadmium and mercury nephrotoxicity. Kendall, MD; Nicholson, JK; Osborn, D, ) | 1.77 |
| " The placental changes were studied by electron microscopy and indicate that there is a direct placental toxic effect of cadmium which appears targeted at the trophoblast and, in particular, trophoblast cell layer II." | ( Placental toxicity of cadmium in the rat: an ultrastructural study. Di Sant'Agnese, PA; Jensen, KD; Levin, A; Miller, RK, ) | 0.65 |
| " the organ exhibiting the first signs of adverse effects following long term moderate exposure to cadmium by inhalation or by ingestion." | ( [Cadmium toxicity: summary of personal studies]. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Lauwerys, R; Roels, H, 1982) | 1.39 |
| " These results suggest the existence of a novel zinc-inducible mechanism which protects cells against the toxic effects of alkylating agents." | ( Zinc-induced resistance to alkylating agent toxicity. Enger, MD; Griffith, JK; Hildebrand, CE; Tobey, RA, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Until the 16th day of gestation the intravenous LD50 of Cd2+ in the pregnant Wistar-Porton rat is higher, but not significantly different from that (1." | ( The acute toxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium in the pregnant rat. Samarawickrama, GP; Webb, M, 1981) | 0.53 |
| " The increased mortality in mice given Cd + NTA or Cd + STPP may be due to an initially high accumulation of cadmium in liver, which may exceed the upper limit for metallothionein synthesis, whereby toxic damage of the hepatic cells and leakage of cadmium from the liver would occur." | ( Influence of chelating agents on toxicity and distribution of cadmium among proteins of mouse liver and kidney following oral or subcutaneous exposure. Engström, B, 1981) | 0.72 |
| " The results place these animals among the most sensitive organisms yet studied with regard to cadmium toxicity, and emphasize the importance of the molt in assessing toxic effects on crustaceans." | ( The effect of calcium on cadmium toxicity in the freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex (L.). Frain, JW; Wright, DA, 1981) | 0.78 |
| " As Cd is toxic to isolated hepatocytes, these cells can be used to investigate the effects of other metals on Cd-induced cellular injury." | ( Interaction of metal ions with cadmium-induced cellular toxicity. Klaassen, CD; Stacey, NH, 1981) | 0.55 |
| " Selenious acid was an order of magnitude more toxic then elemental selenium." | ( Toxicity of selenium compounds to alveolar macrophages. Cuddihy, RG; Hill, JO; McClellan, RO; Medinsky, MA, ) | 0.13 |
| " The three latter ones all showed better effect on the egress of Cd than PA and NAPA and less toxic effect than BAL on an equimolar basis." | ( Influence of certain chelating agents on egress of cadmium from cultured epithelial cells containing high amounts of metallothionein: a screening of Cd-releasing and toxic effects. Aaseth, J; Bakka, A; Rugstad, HE, 1981) | 0.51 |
| " This was an initial toxic stage represented by renal lesions." | ( Cadmium metabolism and toxicity in rats after long-term subcutaneous administration. Suzuki, Y, 1980) | 1.7 |
| "The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), as chloride salts, were studied using an hepatic human fetal cell line (WRL-68 cells)." | ( Cadmium and mercury toxicity in a human fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68 cells). Albores, A; Bucio, L; Cárabez, A; Chávez, E; Gutiérrez-Ruiz, MC; Sierra, A; Souza, V, 1995) | 2.05 |
| " The intensity of the toxic effects is basically dependent on the cadmium concentration and duration of treatment." | ( The toxic effects of cadmium on cell division and chromosomal morphology of Hordeum vulgare. Yang, X; Zhang, Y, 1994) | 0.84 |
| " A rat bioassay validated for the identification of toxic effects of eutrophication revealed increased serum activities of amylase, alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats that received algae, filtered water and nickel or cadmium from drinking water." | ( Toxic effects of water eutrophication on pancreatic, hepatic and osteogenic tissues of rats. Novelli, EL; Rodrigues, NL; Valente, JP, 1994) | 0.47 |
| "In order to identify why cadmium is differentially toxic to humans and rats, we compared cadmium-induced cytotoxic responses in rat embryonic fibroblasts (REF) and human skin fibroblasts (HFW)." | ( Differential cytotoxicity of cadmium to rat embryonic fibroblasts and human skin fibroblasts. Lee, TC; Lin, CJ; Wu, KH; Yew, FH, 1995) | 0.89 |
| " Such an unusual energy drain for rapid initial Cd2+ influx is suggested to be due to a series of toxic events elicited by Cd2+ accumulation down delta psi generated via the redox proton pump: (i) strong inhibition of glutamate oxidation accompanied by a decrease of electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) formation via the respiratory chain, (ii) automatic reversal of ATP synthetase from biosynthetic to hydrolytic mode, which was monitored by a decrease of delta mu (H+)-dependent ATP synthesis, (iii) acceleration of the initial Cd2+ influx down delta psi generated by the reversed ATP synthetase, the alternative proton pump hydrolyzing endogenous ATP." | ( Energetic basis of cadmium toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Malm, A; Tynecka, Z, 1995) | 0.62 |
| " CHOR cells were also found to be cross-resistant to the cytotoxicity and DNA breaks caused by other toxic metals such as CdCl2 and HgCl2." | ( DNA single-strand breaks and cytotoxicity induced by sodium chromate(VI) in hydrogen peroxide-resistant cell lines. Haramaki, N; Sugiyama, M; Tsuzuki, K, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " This indicates that smaller juvenile fish with a higher rate of accumulation concentrate a larger amount of Cd before metallothionein synthesis and suffer more severe toxic effects." | ( Kinetic analysis of cadmium toxicity to red sea bream, Pagrus major. Date, K; Kimura, S; Kuroshima, R; Yamamoto, Y, 1993) | 0.61 |
| " Protection against calciuria and other adverse effects such as proteinuria (occurring later) is offered by pretreatment with Cd, which effectively induces metallothionein synthesis." | ( Subcellular targets of cadmium nephrotoxicity: cadmium binding to renal membrane proteins in animals with or without protective metallothionein synthesis. Jin, T; Nordberg, GF; Nordberg, M, 1994) | 0.6 |
| " In mammalian cells in culture, lead(II) is weakly mutagenic after long incubation times and generates DNA strand breaks only after treatment with high, toxic doses." | ( Role of DNA repair inhibition in lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity: a review. Hartwig, A, 1994) | 0.55 |
| "Although cadmium and zinc have similar chemical properties, they affect living organisms diversely: while zinc is an essential element for growth, development and functioning of all living cells, cadmium is a highly toxic material." | ( The cadmium toxicity hypothesis of aging: a possible explanation for the zinc deficiency hypothesis of aging. Bin, QH; Garfinkel, D, 1994) | 1.26 |
| "Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse effect produced by chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd)." | ( Nephrotoxicity of CdCl2 and Cd-metallothionein in cultured rat kidney proximal tubules and LLC-PK1 cells. Klaassen, CD; Liu, J; Liu, Y, 1994) | 0.52 |
| " Combined administration of the two most toxic metals at their LC50's showed that their toxicities were not additive or synergistic." | ( Cytotoxicity of heavy metals in the human small intestinal epithelial cell line I-407: the role of glutathione. Keogh, JP; Siegers, CP; Steffen, B, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "Studies on the antagonism of toxicity can provide information about toxic mechanisms and suggest chemotherapeutic strategies." | ( Antagonism of cadmium cytotoxicity by differentiation inducers. Shopsis, C, 1994) | 0.65 |
| " The metal concentrations which could be investigated in the SCE test were much lower due to a strong toxic effect." | ( Comparative investigations of the genotoxic effects of metals in the single cells gel (SCG) assay and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test. Hartmann, A; Speit, G, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Toxic response patterns of the neurospecific endpoints (beta-S100 and NSE), which were monitored with enzyme immunoassays, were compared with those of the non-neurospecific endpoints such as cell viability, total cellular protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and cumulative glucose consumption in the two cell lines." | ( Neuron and glial cell marker proteins as indicators of heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines. Hashimoto, K; Huang, J; Kato, K; Tanii, H, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " In the study for comparison of Cd-induced toxicity, the LD50 value of the Cd-pretreatment group (Group II) was approximately 2-fold higher than that of the non-pretreatment group (Group I)." | ( Acute toxicity of cadmium in rats with or without cadmium pretreatment. Hiratsuka, H; Iwata, H; Katsuta, O; Matsumoto, J; Umemura, T, 1993) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element able to induce acute liver injury in rats after intraperitoneal administration." | ( Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in three different rat strains. Drakopoulos, DS; Giannakou, N; Margeli, AP; Mykoniatis, MG; Theocharis, SE, 1994) | 3.17 |
| " We conclude that (i) ionic cadmium, at concentrations greater than 500 microM, is acutely toxic to cells of isolated, perfused renal proximal tubules, and this toxicity is greater in the S1 than in the S2 or S3 segments; (ii) it is avidly taken up at the luminal membrane in all three segments; uptake is greater in the S1 than in the S2 or S3 segments; (iii) less than 10% of the cadmium that disappears from the lumen is transported across the basolateral membrane into the bath; and (iv) appearance flux into the bath does not show saturation in any of the segments over the concentration range studied; disappearance flux from the lumen shows saturation in the S2 and S3 segments, but not in the S1 segment." | ( Cadmium transport and toxicity in isolated perfused segments of the renal proximal tubule. Barfuss, DW; Robinson, MK; Zalups, RK, 1993) | 2.02 |
| " Elevation of temperature increased intracellular Cd uptake and this resulted in enhanced toxic effects." | ( Role of certain environmental factors on cadmium uptake and toxicity in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Azolla pinnata R. Br. Gaur, JP; Noraho, N, 1995) | 0.56 |
| " In this review, the available data with respect to potential adverse effects of heavy metals on the immune system of humans and experimental animals are discussed, and additional data requirements are suggested." | ( Immunotoxicity of heavy metals in relation to Great Lakes. Bernier, J; Brousseau, P; Fournier, M; Krzystyniak, K; Tryphonas, H, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The higher dose of Cd-MT was more toxic to the diabetic kidneys because U-NAG levels were higher in the diabetics (2." | ( Cadmium-metallothionein nephrotoxicity is increased in genetically diabetic as compared with normal Chinese hamsters. Frankel, BJ; Jin, T, 1996) | 1.74 |
| " In cells exposed to 50 microM Cd, generation of the toxic oxygen increased from 5 min after exposure, and reached a plateau at 15 min." | ( Mechanism of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes: cadmium-induced active oxygen-related permeability changes of the plasma membrane. Koizumi, T; Kumagai, H; Shirakura, H; Suzuki, KT; Tatsumoto, H, 1996) | 0.66 |
| " Thus, toxic interactions of arsenic and cadmium appear to depend on the sequence of exposure." | ( Sequence of exposure to cadmium and arsenic determines the extent of toxic effects in male Fischer rats. Hochadel, JF; Waalkes, MP, 1997) | 0.87 |
| "To investigate the relationship between metallothionein induction and zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity at the cell level, Chang liver cells were pretreated with a wide range of concentrations of zinc sulfate and challenged with toxic levels of cadmium after removal of zinc." | ( Tolerance to cadmium cytotoxicity is induced by zinc through non-metallothionein mechanisms as well as metallothionein induction in cultured cells. Fujiwara, Y; Kaji, T; Mishima, A; Yamamoto, C, 1997) | 0.88 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), the heavy metal, is toxic to the placenta." | ( Toxicity of cadmium in human trophoblast cells (JAr choriocarcinoma): role of calmodulin and the calmodulin inhibitor, zaldaride maleate. Keng, PC; Miller, RK; Powlin, SS, 1997) | 2.12 |
| " No significant adverse effect (NOEC) was noted at 50 microg/g for three weeks." | ( Dose-dependent effects of cadmium on the growth of snails in toxicity bioassays. Gomot, A, 1997) | 0.6 |
| " These results suggest that reproductive function in hens is sensitive to adverse effects of contaminated drinking water." | ( Drinking water contaminants (arsenic, cadmium, lead, benzene, and trichloroethylene). 2. Effects on reproductive performance, egg quality, and embryo toxicity in broiler breeders. Kemppainen, BW; Lenz, SD; McElhenney, WH; Renden, JA; Vodela, JK, 1997) | 0.57 |
| "Cadmium is known to be one of the most toxic environmental and industrial pollutant which produces DNA damage and lipid peroxide in vitro and in vivo." | ( Effect of selenium on cadmium genotoxicity investigated by micronucleus assay. Hurná, E; Hurná, S; Siklenka, P, 1997) | 2.05 |
| " Results indicated that the calcium antagonists partly protected against toxic effects induced by cadmium in different manners." | ( Protective effects of calcium antagonists on cadmium-induced toxicity in rats. Yang, XF; Yang, YN, 1997) | 0.77 |
| " The intake of diet containing an inappropriate amount of calcium causes increased absorption of cadmium from the gastrointestinal tract and increased accumulation of this metal in the organism, finally leading to enhancement of cadmium toxic action." | ( The influence of calcium content in diet on cumulation and toxicity of cadmium in the organism. Brzóska, MM; Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J, 1998) | 0.75 |
| " The data ought to indicate to what extent toxic effects of the metals are influenced by sorption and the other factors that may alter their biocidal action." | ( Microbial toxicity of Cd and Hg in different soils related to total and water-soluble contents. Brümmer, GW; Welp, G, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Hg was more toxic in ASTM than in M7 and in EEC media." | ( Suitability of test media containing EDTA for the evaluation of acute metal toxicity to Daphnia magna straus. Diamantino, TC; Gonçalves, F; Guilhermino, L; Ribeiro, R; Soares, AM, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " We have chosen to separate the effect of micronutrients on toxic metals into three classes: interaction between essential micronutrients and toxic metals during uptake, binding, and excretion; influence of micronutrients on the metabolism of toxic metals; and effect of micronutrients on secondary toxic effects of metals." | ( Effects of micronutrients on metal toxicity. Ayala-Fierro, F; Barber, DS; Casarez, E; Peraza, MA; Rael, LT, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The renal concentration of Cd in the 200 ppm group when renal toxic lesions were first detected at 2 months ranged from 104 to 244 microg/g." | ( Relationship between the development of hepato-renal toxicity and cadmium accumulation in rats given minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride in the long-term: preliminary study. Ando, M; Hayashi, Y; Mitsumori, K; Nakagawa, J; Onodera, H; Sato, S; Shibutani, M, 1998) | 0.54 |
| "1 microM and higher that are well tolerated by hepatocytes and renal cortical epithelial cells were toxic to the cardiomyocyte." | ( Cytotoxicity of cadmium and characteristics of its transport in cardiomyocytes. Limaye, DA; Shaikh, ZA, 1999) | 0.65 |
| " Apart from direct toxic effects of low pH, acidification increases the bioavailability of metals for fish." | ( Origin of cadmium and lead in clear softwater lakes of high-altitude and high-latitude, and their bioavailability and toxicity to fish. Hofer, R; Köck, G, 1998) | 0.7 |
| "A successful prevention of renal diseases induced by occupational or environmental exposure to toxic metals such as mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), or cadmium (Cd) largely relies on the capability to detect nephrotoxic effects at a stage when they are still reversible or at least not yet compromising renal function." | ( Usefulness of biomarkers of exposure to inorganic mercury, lead, or cadmium in controlling occupational and environmental risks of nephrotoxicity. Hoet, P; Lison, D; Roels, HA, ) | 0.57 |
| " A small group of tests were found to be elevated following toxic exposure and should be used in future studies." | ( Early markers of nephrotoxicity: detection of children at risk from environmental pollution. Chivers, I; Milligan, P; Patel, S; Price, RG; Taylor, SA, ) | 0.13 |
| " Moreover, when HepG2 cells were incubated with betulin and then incubated in fresh betulin-free medium before the addition of CdCl(2), the toxic effects of cadmium were reduced." | ( Protective effects of triterpene compounds against the cytotoxicity of cadmium in HepG2 cells. Matsumoto, Y; Miura, N; Miyairi, S; Naganuma, A; Nishiyama, S, 1999) | 0.73 |
| "The mechanism of cadmium-mediated acute hepatotoxicity has been the subject of numerous investigations and although some uncertainties persist, sufficient evidence has emerged to provide a reasonable account of the toxic process." | ( Mechanisms of cadmium-mediated acute hepatotoxicity. Rikans, LE; Yamano, T, 2000) | 1.01 |
| "The hypothesis, that metal toxicity is dominated by free ion activity, was tested by comparing calculated metal activities with measured toxic responses to a genetically modified, luminescent bacterium, Escherichia coli." | ( The effect of EDTA and fulvic acid on Cd, Zn, and Cu toxicity to a bioluminescent construct (pUCD607) of Escherichia coli. Campbell, CD; Hird, M; Lumsdon, DG; Meeussen, JC, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Animal models for Cd poisoning were established by peritoneal injection of 1/5 LD50 CdCl2." | ( Influences of chloropazine, nimodipine and their combination on the toxic effects of cadmium in liver and kidney of mice. Chen, YM; Feng, ZY; Song, L; Tang, LF; Yang, YN; Zhang, ZL, 1999) | 0.53 |
| " Results obtained indicate that toxic Cd levels induce imbalances in the activated oxygen metabolism of pea leaf peroxisomes, but its main effect is an enhancement of the H2O2 concentration of these organelles." | ( Cadmium toxicity and oxidative metabolism of pea leaf peroxisomes. Corpas, FJ; del Río, LA; Gómez, M; McCarthy, I; Palma, JM; Romero-Puertas, MC; Sandalio, LM, 1999) | 1.75 |
| "The common environmental pollutants arsenic, lead, and cadmium are each known to induce chronic renal disease and the molecular mechanisms of such toxic events are being clarified." | ( Mechanisms of nephrotoxicity from metal combinations: a review. Fowler, BA; Madden, EF, 2000) | 0.55 |
| " We propose that this model can be used in mechanistic studies for the detection of toxic effects of certain pollutants." | ( Activation of the hsp70 promoter by environmental inorganic and organic chemicals: relationships with cytotoxicity and lipophilicity. Aït-Aïssa, S; Arrigo, A; Lambré, C; Porcher, J, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Cadmium is known to be both extremely toxic and ubiquitous in natural environments." | ( Cadmium toxicity among wildlife in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Crock, JG; Fitzpatrick, JW; Larison, JR; Likens, GE, 2000) | 3.19 |
| " These early stage effects of Cd(2+) on the biochemistry of renal tissue may reflect adaptation mechanisms to the toxic insult or the preliminary stages of the toxicological cascade." | ( The initial pathogenesis of cadmium induced renal toxicity. Griffin, JL; Nicholson, JK; Osborn, D; Shore, RF; Troke, J; Walker, LA, 2000) | 0.6 |
| "It is generally assumed that the dissolved fraction of a toxic substance in surface water is mainly responsible for toxicity to aquatic organisms." | ( Ecotoxicity of contaminated suspended solids for filter feeders (Daphnia magna). Goossens, R; Van Puymbroeck, S; Weltens, R, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The LD50 of Cd(II) as cadmium sulfate (ip) was lower in animals previously given 10 mg/kg of zinc(II) chloride (sc)." | ( Protective effects of zinc on cadmium toxicity in rodents. Claverie, C; Corbella, R; Díaz, C; Martín, D, 2000) | 0.91 |
| " Accordingly, safe daily levels of Cd intake should be kept below 30 microg per person." | ( Safe levels of cadmium intake to prevent renal toxicity in human subjects. Haswell-Elkins, MR; Moore, MR; Satarug, S, 2000) | 0.66 |
| " The toxic effects of the metals were also tested using the standard Microtox assay." | ( Direct viable count as test for toxicity assessment: the effects of four metals on a Salmonella enteritidis strain. Anzalone, C; Calimeri, S; Di Pietro, A; Lo Giudice, D; Scoglio, ME; Trimarchi, GR, ) | 0.13 |
| " Cadmium proved to be more toxic than copper in most cases; this difference was more evident in the chronic assays on juveniles, according to the nonphysiological feature of cadmium and its persistent accumulation in organisms." | ( Toxicity of cadmium and copper on larval and juvenile stages of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Brachyura, Grapsidae). Greco, LS; Medesani, DA; Nicoloso, GL; Rodríguez, EM; Sánchez, MV, 2001) | 1.6 |
| " Indeed cadmium, a potent toxic metal, poses a serious environmental threat and the mechanisms of its renal toxicity need to be clarified." | ( Influence of cadmium speciation for the evaluation of in vitro cadmium toxicity on LLC-PK(1) cells. Barrouillet, MP; Dubus, I; L'Azou, B; Nguyen Ba, C; Ohayon-Courtès, C, ) | 0.93 |
| " However, these toxic effects of cadmium were significantly reduced when the rats fed diet with supplement of taurine." | ( Effect of taurine on toxicity of cadmium in rats. Hwang, DF; Wang, LC, 2001) | 0.87 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to sensory ganglia in many animal species." | ( Strain differences in the toxicity of cadmium to trigeminal ganglia in mice. Habeebu, SS; Klaassen, CD; Liu, Y; Park, JD, 2001) | 2.02 |
| " It is suggested that a synthetical technology of soil treatment and agronomic measures should be applied to eliminate the toxic effect of soil Cd and to enhance the resistance of plant against soil Cd pollution when employing ramie as the alternative of food and vegetable crops in a Cd-polluted region, which is also important for a higher yield of ramie." | ( [Phytotoxic effect of soil cadmium pollution on ramie]. Gong, H; Wang, K; Zhou, J, 2000) | 0.6 |
| " The LD50 of Cd for mice with induced inflammation by injection with turpentine oil (Tur-mice) was higher than the LD50 in control mice." | ( Glucocorticoids suppress the inflammation-mediated tolerance to acute toxicity of cadmium in mice. Fujii, M; Kim, H; Min, KS; Onosaka, S; Tetsuchikawahara, N, 2002) | 0.54 |
| " The detoxification effect of antioxidants showed cooperation with Bcl-2, suggesting that Cd(2+)-treatment causes diversified toxic signals including oxidative stress." | ( Cellular toxicity of cadmium ions and their detoxification by heavy metal-specific plant peptides, phytochelatins, expressed in Mammalian cells. Amano, S; Eguchi, Y; Fukui, K; Hirata, K; Imanaka, T; Miyamoto, K; Mizuno, H; Satofuka, H; Takagi, M, 2002) | 0.63 |
| "An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity decreased from copper to cadmium with zinc the least toxic for all species." | ( The toxicity of copper, cadmium and zinc to four different Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Karntanut, W; Pascoe, D, 2002) | 0.8 |
| " In light of the evidence that toxic metals can affect many of these processes, investigators have begun to examine the possibility that cell adhesion molecules may be targets for metal toxicity." | ( Cadherins and NCAM as potential targets in metal toxicity. Dey, PM; Grunwald, GB; Parrish, AR; Prozialeck, WC; Reuhl, KR, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Exposure to the heavy metals induced, especially at high concentrations, a change in the relationship between cercarial tail loss and survival, causing either stimulation or inhibition of tail loss dependent on the individual toxic exposure." | ( Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to cercarial tail loss in Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae). Crane, M; Lewis, JW; Morley, NJ, 2002) | 0.69 |
| " The spectrum of toxic effects exhibited by such metals as Ni, As, and Cd, as well as by Zn deficiency, often resemble those seen in animals chronically fed methyl-deficient diets." | ( The prospective role of abnormal methyl metabolism in cadmium toxicity. Poirier, LA; Vlasova, TI, 2002) | 0.56 |
| ") for 8 days followed by a single toxic dose of Cd as CdCl2 (3 mg/kg,b." | ( Modulation of acute cadmium toxicity by Emblica officinalis fruit in rat. Khandelwal, S; Shanker, R; Shukla, LJ, 2002) | 0.64 |
| " In contrast, amendments of natural humus shifted the partitioning of hoth Cd and Cu toward greater concentrations in sediment and lesser concentrations in pore water and significantly reduced toxic effects of both metals." | ( Effects of organic amendments on the toxicity and bioavailability of cadmium and copper in spiked formulated sediments. Besser, JM; Brumbaugh, WG; Ingersoll, CG; May, TW, 2003) | 0.55 |
| "The presence of cadmium in the environment undoubtedly contributes to an increased risk of exposure and ultimate toxic influence on humans." | ( Synthesis and spectroscopic and structural studies of a new cadmium(II)-citrate aqueous complex. Potential relevance to cadmium(II)-citrate speciation and links to cadmium toxicity. Dakanali, M; Kefalas, ET; Mavromoustakos, T; Raptopoulou, CP; Salifoglou, A; Terzis, A, 2003) | 0.91 |
| "Exposure to toxic metals has become an increasingly recognized source of illness worldwide." | ( Toxic metals and antioxidants: Part II. The role of antioxidants in arsenic and cadmium toxicity. Patrick, L, 2003) | 0.55 |
| " Taking together, the deleterious effects of Cd and its effects on oxidative metabolism clearly indicate enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to be instrumental in producing toxic effects of Cd." | ( Cadmium toxicity induced changes in plant water relations and oxidative metabolism of Brassica juncea L. plants. Singh, PK; Tewari, RK, 2003) | 1.76 |
| " Each metal proved to be toxic to the developing mallard embryo, causing an increase in mortality and developmental anomalies." | ( Adverse effects of (surface water pollutants) Cd, Cr and Pb on the embryogenesis of the mallard. Fáncsi, T; Kertész, V, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The mean generation times (MGT) of the bacteria were compared to evaluate the toxic effects of the heavy metals." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals for microorganisms isolated from slow sand filter schmutzdecke. Hooke, AM; Muhammad, N, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The time variations for some selected ions suggest that LC/ESI-MS could allow selective characterization of biomarkers in response to specific toxic compounds." | ( Metabolite profiling in rat urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Application to the study of heavy metal toxicity. Ezan, E; Fritsch, P; Junot, C; Lafaye, A; Ramounet-Le Gall, B; Tabet, JC, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Valve movement behavior, measured using an automated data acquisition system, was shown to be a quantifiable and rapid, real-time endpoint for assessing the toxic effects of Cd and Cu exposures." | ( The effects of pH and dissolved organic carbon on the toxicity of cadmium and copper to a freshwater bivalve: further support for the extended free ion activity model. Brown, PL; Jeffree, RA; Lim, RP; Markich, SJ, 2003) | 0.56 |
| "Accumulation, tissue and intracellular localisation, and toxic effects of cadmium were investigated in the liverwort Lunularia cruciata." | ( Accumulation, localisation, and toxic effects of cadmium in the liverwort Lunularia cruciata. Basile, A; Cafiero, G; Capasso, C; Carginale, V; Sorbo, S; Trinchella, F, 2004) | 0.81 |
| "The objective of this study was to examine the toxic effects of dietary cadmium (Cd) on bank voles, being the F1 offspring of a wild-caught population." | ( Photoperiod affects hepatic and renal cadmium accumulation, metallothionein induction, and cadmium toxicity in the wild bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Bonda, E; Krasowska, A; Włostowski, T, 2004) | 0.83 |
| " The results indicate that estrogenic endocrine disruptors could have an adverse effect on amphibian embryos and enhance the toxic effect of Cd on amphibian embryos." | ( Estradiol uptake, toxicity, metabolism, and adverse effects on cadmium-treated amphibian embryos. Corró, L; Fridman, O; Herkovits, J, 2004) | 0.56 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic elements with no benefit to plants and human health." | ( [Effect of calcium content in diet on the accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in organisms]. Cui, Y; Zhao, Z; Zhu, Y, 2004) | 2 |
| " Thus, as soil contains nutrients/supplements that mask the adverse effect of heavy metals, a clean soil that has properties similar to the polluted soils should be used instead of mineral salt solution as a control for analysis of the ecotoxicity of soils." | ( Toxicity testing of heavy-metal-polluted soils with algae Selenastrum capricornutum: a soil suspension assay. Aruoja, V; Dubourguier, HC; Kahru, A; Kurvet, I, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The results suggested that females were comparatively more vulnerable to the toxic effects of cadmium than males." | ( Comparative hepatic and renal toxicity of cadmium in male and female rats. Flora, SJ; Gubrelay, U; Mehta, A; Singh, M, 2004) | 0.81 |
| "The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on cellular metabolism and cell morphology were investigated in isolated hepatopancreas cells from the Roman snail (Helix pomatia)." | ( Acute toxicity of cadmium and copper in hepatopancreas cells from the Roman snail (Helix pomatia). Dallinger, R; Krumschnabel, G; Manzl, C; Schwarzbaum, PJ, 2004) | 0.98 |
| "The toxic effect of cadmium on Lemna paucicostata was investigated with hydroponic culture in a culture facility." | ( Cadmium-induced colony disintegration of duckweed (Lemna paucicostata Hegelm.) and as biomarker of phytotoxicity. Li, TY; Xiong, ZT, 2004) | 2.09 |
| "For ecological risk assessment, the additive model may be used to empirically predict toxic mixture effects." | ( Toxicity of binary mixtures of cadmium-copper and carbendazim-copper to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ivorra i Castellà, N; Jonker, MJ; Kammenga, JE; Piskiewicz, AM, 2004) | 0.61 |
| "This work evaluates the (cor-)relations between selected biochemical responses to toxic Cd and the degree of Cd sensitivity in a set of pea genotypes." | ( Genotypic variation of the response to cadmium toxicity in Pisum sativum L. Belimov, AA; Dietz, KJ; Metwally, A; Safronova, VI, 2005) | 0.6 |
| "In this work, we studied impregnation levels of workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), usefulness of early urinary markers of nephrotoxicity, and occurrence of oxidative stress as the underlying mechanism involved in Pb- or Cd-induced adverse effects." | ( Biologic markers of oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity as studied in biomonitoring of adverse effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium. Furon, D; Garçon, G; Haguenoer, JM; Leleu, B; Marez, T; Shirali, P; Zerimech, F, 2004) | 0.74 |
| " By employing a cell viability assay, we have also examined the cytoprotective effect of HO-1 induction against the cytotoxicity caused by toxic dose of CdCl(2)." | ( Heme oxygenase-1-mediated partial cytoprotective effect by NO on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in C6 rat glioma cells. Cha, SH; Cha, YN; Jung, NH; Kim, BR; Kim, HS; Srisook, K, 2005) | 0.57 |
| "Cadmium (Cd2+) is a well-known highly toxic element." | ( Mechanism of Cd2+ toxicity: Cd2+ inhibits photoactivation of Photosystem II by competitive binding to the essential Ca2+ site. Faller, P; Kienzler, K; Krieger-Liszkay, A, 2005) | 1.77 |
| "Heat shock proteins (HSPs) indicate exposure to cellular stress and adverse cellular effects, thus serving as biomarkers of these effects." | ( Use of fish liver PLHC-1 cells and zebrafish embryos in cytotoxicity assays. Blechinger, SR; Evans, TG; Hightower, LE; Krone, PH; Noonan, EJ; Ryan, JA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " In contrast, adult (5 months old) bank voles appeared to be resistant to the toxic effects of dietary Cd, despite the fact that testicular Cd contents were higher and MT levels lower than those in the young animals." | ( Testicular toxicity induced by dietary cadmium is associated with decreased testicular zinc and increased hepatic and renal metallothionein and zinc in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Bonda, E; Krasowska, A; Włostowski, T, 2004) | 0.59 |
| " The bioaccumulation and adverse effects associated with Cd and Zn were significantly higher at low salinity (10) than at high salinity (35) values." | ( Bioaccumulation and toxicity of dissolved heavy metals from the Guadalquivir Estuary after the Aznalcóllar mining spill using Ruditapes philippinarum. Blasco, J; DelValls, TA; González de Canales, M; Martín-Díaz, ML; Sales, D, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "In order to explore the toxic effects of cadmium on functions of endocrine and exocrine of pancreas." | ( [The toxic effects of cadmium on pancreas.]. Jin, TY; Lei, LJ; Zhou, YF, 2005) | 0.91 |
| " The overall sensitivity of the endpoints to detect statistically significant adverse effects ranked as follows: PNR > SIR (lag time) > plant yield and N fixation > SIR (respiration after 24 and 48 h) > BR." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals in soil assessed with various soil microbial and plant growth assays: a comparative study. Broos, K; Mertens, J; Smolders, E, 2005) | 0.33 |
| ") Royle was cultivated in water containing elevated concentrations of cadmium (up to 10 mg/L) for 7 d, the accumulation, subcellular distribution, ultrastructural localization, chemical form, toxic effects on mineral nutrient absorption of cadmium, photosynthesis rate and respiration rate were studied." | ( [Distribution and toxicity of cadmium in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle]. Shi, GX; Wang, X; Wu, GR; Xu, QS; Zhou, YM, 2004) | 0.85 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is ubiquitous in the human environment and has toxic effect on soil microbial biomass or its activity, including microbial biomass carbon (C(mic)), dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and basal respiration (BR), etc." | ( Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial biomass and its activity: effect of incubation time on Cd ecological dose in a paddy soil. Huang, CY; Liao, M; Luo, YK; Zhao, XM, 2005) | 2.15 |
| " Single Cd stress produced strong toxic effects, as indicated by decreases of growth parameters, high level of lipid peroxidation in leaf and overproduction of PCs in root." | ( Effects of exogenous organic chelators on phytochelatins production and its relationship with cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium stress. Ding, SM; Sun, Q; Wang, XR; Yuan, XF, 2005) | 0.55 |
| "The involvement of Cd(II) in toxic manifestations and pathological aberrations in lower and higher organisms entails interactions with low and high molecular mass biological targets." | ( pH-specific aqueous synthetic chemistry in the binary cadmium(II)-citrate system. Gaining insight into cadmium(II)-citrate speciation with relevance to cadmium toxicity. Bino, A; Dakanali, M; Karligiano, N; Kefalas, ET; Kyrikou, I; Mavromoustakos, T; Panagiotidis, P; Raptopoulou, CP; Salifoglou, A; Terzis, A, 2005) | 0.58 |
| " A possible risk scenario was that groundwater contamination due to the leachate containing Cd and Pb from the landfill could result in pollution of coastal water, and subsequently produce toxic effects to aquatic organisms." | ( Ecological risk assessment on a cadmium contaminated soil landfill--a preliminary evaluation based on toxicity tests on local species and site-specific information. Chen, CM; Liu, MC, 2006) | 0.62 |
| "Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were studied in a pot experiment by measurement of fresh weights of the plants, determination of surperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the plant organs, and observation of injury symptoms." | ( Complex toxic effects of Cd2+, Zn2+, and acid rain on growth of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Liao, BH; Liu, HY; Probst, A; Probst, JL; Yu, PZ; Zeng, QR, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The present study aimed to investigate some of the toxic effects of Cd exposure in birds." | ( Toxicity of cadmium in Japanese quail: evaluation of body weight, hepatic and renal function, and cellular immune response. Bernardi, MM; Moraes, R; Sant'Ana, MG, 2005) | 0.71 |
| "The toxic effects of Cd, Cu, and Zn on four different marine phytoplankton, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Prorocentrum minimum, Synechococcus sp." | ( Comparison of Cd, Cu, and Zn toxic effects on four marine phytoplankton by pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometry. Juneau, P; Miao, AJ; Wang, WX, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is classified as a human carcinogen and is known to be toxic to plants." | ( Cadmium toxicity in plants: is there any analogy to its carcinogenic effect in mammalian cells? Deckert, J, 2005) | 3.21 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants affecting cytogenetically the various organisms." | ( Cadmium-induced genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in Allium sativum and Vicia faba. Cekiç, FO; Celik, A; Gözel, A; Unyayar, S, 2006) | 3.22 |
| " With this design, interaction among toxic components across different mixture ratios and endpoints (i." | ( Toxicity of binary mixtures of metals and pyrethroid insecticides to Daphnia magna Straus. Implications for multi-substance risks assessment. Baird, DJ; Barata, C; Nogueira, AJ; Riva, MC; Soares, AM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " These vegetables were polluted by heavy metals and could not be regarded as safe for human consumption." | ( Risk assessment for safety of soils and vegetables around a lead/zinc mine. Li, J; Sun, YF; Xie, ZM; Xu, JM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Both metals became less toxic at higher DOM, Ca, and H concentrations." | ( Rhizotoxicity of cadmium and copper in soil extracts. Hendershot, WH; Sunahara, GI; Voigt, A, 2006) | 0.67 |
| " The objective of the investigation presented is to detect toxic effects due to some heavy metals in the biomass of green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals on Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) de Brébisson in batch cultures. Markert, B; Mohammed, MH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "There were differences in toxic effects of the metals with different metal as well as their concentrations and the time of exposure." | ( Toxicity of heavy metals on Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) de Brébisson in batch cultures. Markert, B; Mohammed, MH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The sensitivity and the ability of these endpoints to inform about mode of action (MoA) were established in testing three model toxicants with well-known toxic effects (propranolol, malathion, cadmium)." | ( Development of a zebrafish 4-day embryo-larval bioassay to assess toxicity of chemicals. Fraysse, B; Garric, J; Mons, R, 2006) | 0.52 |
| "Exposure of cells to toxic chemicals is known to up-regulate the expression of a number of stress proteins (SPs), including metallothionein (MT) and members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family, and this response may allow the development of a fingerprint profile to identify mechanisms of toxicity in an in vitro toxicology setting." | ( Phenotypic anchoring of arsenic and cadmium toxicity in three hepatic-related cell systems reveals compound- and cell-specific selective up-regulation of stress protein expression: implications for fingerprint profiling of cytotoxicity. Atmaca, M; Fry, JR; Gottschalg, E; Kind, CN; Moore, NE; Pratt, S; Ryan, AK; Travis, LC; Waller, RC, 2006) | 0.61 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial and environmental pollutant that can produce a wide variety of adverse effects in humans and animals." | ( The vascular endothelium as a target of cadmium toxicity. Edwards, JR; Prozialeck, WC; Woods, JM, 2006) | 2.04 |
| "Cadmium is known to exert toxic effects on multiple organs, including the testes." | ( Effects of alpha-tocopherol on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat testis and spermatogenesis. Han, DK; Kim, JR; Sim, JC; Yang, HS, 2006) | 2.06 |
| " The relationship found in the concentrations of metals associated with the mobile fractions of the sediments in the sites studied is similar to the toxic mud from tailing pond and confirms that the toxic effects are associated with the metals Zn and Cd originating from the spill." | ( Sediment quality in Rio Guadiamar (SW, Spain) after a tailing dam collapse: contamination, toxicity and bioavailability. Delvalls, TA; Milani, D; Reynoldson, TB; Riba, I, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " cultivars whose edible parts accumulate a specific pollutant at a level low enough for safe consumption, even when grown in contaminated soil." | ( Cadmium accumulation in different rice cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars of rice. Fang, W; Wang, J; Yang, Z; Yu, H; Yuan, J, 2006) | 1.78 |
| " Considering that the oxidation of DCFH diminishes ROS generated by various stressors, our findings provide a potential strategy for protection of cells from toxic insults using DCFH-like molecules." | ( The antioxidant role of a reagent, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate, detecting reactive-oxygen species and blocking the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and preventing cytotoxicity. Adachi, Y; Andoh, Y; Ikehara, S; Ishii, T; Kojo, S; Mizutani, A; Ohashi, T; Taketani, S, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Environmental concentrations of toxic substances are not necessarily constant but fluctuate over time." | ( Heavy metal toxicity to Lemna minor: studies on the time dependence of growth inhibition and the recovery after exposure. Backhaus, T; Drost, W; Matzke, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " These findings may have important implications for understanding the adverse biological effects of cadmium and its toxic mechanism, as yet not clearly defined, and provide a sensitive biomarker of cadmium exposure." | ( Ribosomal genes as early targets of cadmium-induced toxicity in Chironomus riparius larvae. Martínez-Guitarte, JL; Morcillo, G; Planelló, R, 2007) | 0.83 |
| " Toxic effects of cadmium (inorganic metal), DDT (organochlorine pesticide), and fluoranthene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) exposure in sediments (10-day) and seawater (24-h) on juvenile (212-350-microm) hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria were determined." | ( Use of the juvenile clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, as a sensitive indicator of aqueous and sediment toxicity. Chung, KW; Fulton, MH; Scott, GI, 2007) | 0.67 |
| "Cadmium is an environmental toxic metal implicated in human diseases." | ( Protective role of selenium against renal toxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Badreldeen, MM; El-Sharaky, AS; Eweda, SM; Newairy, AA; Sheweita, SA, 2007) | 2.02 |
| "A number of toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), are widely used in occupational settings, and exposure to these metals is associated with the development of pulmonary diseases." | ( Comparative cytotoxicity of cadmium and mercury in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and its role in oxidative stress and induction of heat shock protein 70. Castranova, V; Han, SG; Vallyathan, V, 2007) | 0.9 |
| " In conclusion, Cd is toxic to neuron-glia cultures, and the oxidative stress from microglia may play important roles in Cd-induced damage to dopaminergic neurons." | ( Cadmium-induced toxicity in rat primary mid-brain neuroglia cultures: role of oxidative stress from microglia. Hong, JS; Kadiiska, MB; Liu, J; Qian, SY; Tennant, RW; Waalkes, MP; Yang, S; Yang, Z, 2007) | 1.78 |
| "009) and it has been ascribed to a lower incorporation of the toxic metal and/or to possible intracellular interaction between selenium and cadmium." | ( The protective effect of selenium inorganic forms against cadmium and silver toxicity in mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus. Gutierrez Corona, JF; Serafín Muñoz, AH; Wrobel, K, 2007) | 0.79 |
| "Cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal, is distributed widely in the general environment." | ( The effects of chronic cadmium toxicity on the hemostatic system. Akçil, E; Koçak, M, 2006) | 2.09 |
| " At low concentrations, cadmium activates the transcription of stress-responsive genes, which can prevent or repair the adverse effects caused by this metal." | ( Toxicogenomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans reveals novel genes and pathways involved in the resistance to cadmium toxicity. Alper, S; Boyd, WA; Cui, Y; Freedman, JH; McBride, SJ, 2007) | 0.86 |
| "The toxic and genotoxic potential of Cadmium (CdCl(2)) were evaluated by the micronucleus test (MNT) and comet assay (CA) using amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl)." | ( Comparative evaluation of the toxicity and genotoxicity of cadmium in amphibian larvae (Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl) using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Baudrimont, M; Devaux, A; Ferrier, V; Gauthier, L; Gonzalez, P; Mailhes, C; Mouchet, F, 2007) | 0.86 |
| " Our research also suggests that microcalorimetry is a very sensitive, simple and useful technique for in vitro investigation of the effects of toxic heavy metals on soil microbial activity." | ( An in vitro microcalorimetric method for studying the toxic effect of cadmium on microbial activity of an agricultural soil. Bramanti, E; Chen, H; Choi, MM; Maskow, T; Tian, L; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Yao, J; Yong, Z, 2007) | 0.57 |
| " These results indicate potential toxic interactions between metals and modified PAHs." | ( Assessment of the toxicity of mixtures of nickel or cadmium with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone to Daphnia magna: impact of a reactive oxygen-mediated mechanism with different redox-active metals. Dixon, DG; Greenberg, BM; Lampi, MA; Xie, F, 2007) | 0.59 |
| ") may be more sensitive than salmonids to adverse effects of metals." | ( Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc. Besser, JM; Greer, IE; Ingersoll, CG; Ivey, CD; Kunz, JL; May, TW; Mebane, CA; Mount, DR, 2007) | 0.55 |
| " On the basis of the shape of the dose-effect curves obtained for cadmium and copper respectively, we can say that the toxic effects of the two metals are different and we can hypothesize that copper could exercise its toxic activity by inhibiting the ATP-driven proton pump and the function of the Cl- selective channel." | ( Complexation of cadmium and copper by fluvial humic matter and effects on their toxicity. Bragadin, M; Calace, N; Capodaglio, G; Corami, F; Petronio, BM; Turetta, C, ) | 0.71 |
| "Using the indoor simulating method of pollution exposure at various concentrations, the toxic effects of various concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), copper (Cu2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) on the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube and on its acetycholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined." | ( [Toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons, copper and cadmium on polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube and on its responses in acetycholinesterase activity]. Wang, J; Zhang, QR; Zhang, Y; Zhou, QX, 2007) | 0.78 |
| " Regions of the Krasnodar Krai where sea and fresh waters exerted toxic action on luminescence were determined by the microbioluminescent method." | ( [Microbioluminescent study of the general toxicity and mutagenicity of pollutants]. Goliasnaia, NV; Maslennikova, IL, ) | 0.13 |
| " We found a significant ability of 5-50 microM Tempol to diminish toxic effects of the agents tested." | ( The nitroxide antioxidant Tempol affects metal-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. Bartosz, G; Lewinska, A; Slota, E; Wnuk, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Recent studies indicate that cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxic trace metal, is approximately four-fold higher in the retinas of smokers compared to non-smokers." | ( Cadmium accumulation in the human retina: effects of age, gender, and cellular toxicity. Chang, J; Kalariya, N; Lewis, JR; Ramanujam, VM; van Kuijk, FJ; Weng, TX; Wills, NK, 2008) | 2.08 |
| "To evaluate the food safety of fish from production systems in Hanoi feed with domestic and industrial wastewater with respect to the potentially toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)." | ( Food safety aspects of toxic element accumulation in fish from wastewater-fed ponds in Hanoi, Vietnam. Dalsgaard, A; Holm, PE; Le, TH; Marcussen, H, 2007) | 0.53 |
| " Fortunately, however, in vivo the normal levels of these metals are much lower than those determined as toxic in vitro." | ( Cytotoxicity of metal ions to human oligodendroglial cells and human gingival fibroblasts assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Brunton, P; Issa, Y; Waters, CM; Watts, DC, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " To determine the suitability of this model for screening inhaled toxicants, the EpiAirway tissue model (ETM) was treated apically with tobacco smoke components (nicotine, formaldehyde, cadmium, urethane) which are known to induce a variety of toxic effects (e." | ( An in vitro approach to assess the toxicity of inhaled tobacco smoke components: nicotine, cadmium, formaldehyde and urethane. Balharry, D; BéruBé, KA; Sexton, K, 2008) | 0.76 |
| "The biotic ligand model (BLM) of acute toxicity to aquatic organisms is based on the concept that metals binding onto biotic ligand may cause toxic effect on the organism." | ( Toxicity of copper and cadmium in combinations to Duckweed analyzed by the biotic ligand model. Hatano, A; Shoji, R, 2008) | 0.66 |
| " The presence of toxic metals ions such as Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in meat, shells, and water released by the clams prompted us to experiment in Caco-2 intestinal cell line toxic effects of these heavy metals ions in combination with okadaic acid, one DSP present in clams to assess the potential global toxicity." | ( Combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a marine toxin and seafood contaminant metal ions (chromium and cadmium). Creppy, EE; Maaroufi, K; Moukha, S; Souid-Mensi, G, 2008) | 0.8 |
| " ginseng might play a role in reducing the toxic effect of cadmium and its antioxidant properties seem to mediate such a protective effect." | ( The effects of Panax ginseng and Spirulina platensis on hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Cemek, M; Karadeniz, A; Simsek, N, 2009) | 0.82 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal." | ( Effects of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium on gastric fundus in cadmium toxicity in male rats. Bolkent, S; Sacan, O; Yanardag, R, ) | 1.81 |
| "The mechanisms of toxic effects of divalent cations of three heavy metals Hg, Cd and Cu in rat ascites hepatoma AS-30D cells cultivated in vitro were compared." | ( Mitochondria as an important target in heavy metal toxicity in rat hepatoma AS-30D cells. Belyaeva, EA; Dymkowska, D; Wieckowski, MR; Wojtczak, L, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a widely distributed toxic trace metal, has been shown to accumulate in liver after long- and short-term exposure." | ( The potential role of combined anti-oxidants against cadmium toxicity on liver of rats. Bolkent, S; Koyuturk, M; Tunali, S; Yanardag, R, 2007) | 2.03 |
| " These findings indicated that the toxic action of Cd(2+) indeed results from the binding of the metal cation to sulfur, lending support to the hypothesis tested." | ( Cadmium toxicity in glutathione mutants of Escherichia coli. Grosse, C; Helbig, K; Nies, DH, 2008) | 1.79 |
| "The developing brain is very sensitive to damage by toxic agents, many of which only manifest in adulthood." | ( Neurotoxicity of cadmium on immature hippocampus and a neuroprotective role for p38 MAPK. Cordova, FM; Costa, AP; Leal, RB; Oliveira, CS; Posser, T; Rigon, AP; Rocha, JB; Rossi, FM; Santos, DA; Silva, IG, 2008) | 0.69 |
| " In this report, we compared the toxic effect of Cd (0-300 microM) on cell growth, total RNA, total proteins, and antioxidant enzymes in rat normal liver cells cultured in medium with 10% FBS or commercially available serum-free medium for 4 or 8 hours." | ( Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of cadmium in rat liver cells cultured in serum-containing medium and commercially available serum-free medium. Badisa, RB; Badisa, VL; Brooks-Walter, A; Ikediobi, CO; Lambert, AT; Latinwo, LM; Nwoga, J; Odewumi, CO, 2008) | 0.61 |
| "Several heavy metals have been shown to have toxic effects on the peripheral and central auditory system." | ( The protective mechanism of antioxidants in cadmium-induced ototoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Hong, SH; Jeong, HJ; Kim, HM; Kim, MC; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Myung, NY; Park, RK; So, HS; Um, JY, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " However, ROS generation may be the cause of the toxicity, and application of antioxidants can prevent the toxic effect." | ( The protective mechanism of antioxidants in cadmium-induced ototoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Hong, SH; Jeong, HJ; Kim, HM; Kim, MC; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Myung, NY; Park, RK; So, HS; Um, JY, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " Previous studies demonstrated that cadmium toxic effect was caused by reactive oxygen species." | ( Cytotoxicity and stress gene microarray analysis in cadmium-exposed CRL-1439 normal rat liver cells. Badisa, RB; Badisa, VL; Brooks-Walter, A; Ikediobi, CO; Lambert, AT; Latinwo, LM; Nwoga, J; Odewumi, CO, 2008) | 0.87 |
| " Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) models of noncancer mixture toxicity." | ( Combining occurrence and toxicity information to identify priorities for drinking-water mixture research. Ryker, SJ; Small, MJ, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Apoptosis is a tightly regulated physiological process, which can be initiated by toxic stimuli, such as cadmium (Cd2+)." | ( Novel roles for ceramides, calpains and caspases in kidney proximal tubule cell apoptosis: lessons from in vitro cadmium toxicity studies. Lee, WK; Thévenod, F, 2008) | 0.77 |
| "Sometimes, urban wastewaters convey a more or less significant part of toxic products from industries or the craft industry." | ( Characterization of the toxic effects of cadmium and 3.5-dichlorophenol on nitrifying activity and mortality in biologically activated sludge systems-effect of low temperature. Marquot, A; Pambrun, V; Racault, Y, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " Studies realized at low temperature confirmed this assumption, and put in evidence the effect of temperature on toxic substances capable of being biosorbed." | ( Characterization of the toxic effects of cadmium and 3.5-dichlorophenol on nitrifying activity and mortality in biologically activated sludge systems-effect of low temperature. Marquot, A; Pambrun, V; Racault, Y, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " The experiments lead to the determination of the IC50 values for both toxic substances on biological nitrification." | ( Characterization of the toxic effects of cadmium and 3.5-dichlorophenol on nitrifying activity and mortality in biologically activated sludge systems-effect of low temperature. Marquot, A; Pambrun, V; Racault, Y, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " Finally, these first results show that toxic substances can have an effect on the growth rate but also on the decay rate, depending on the characteristics of the toxic substance and the sludge." | ( Characterization of the toxic effects of cadmium and 3.5-dichlorophenol on nitrifying activity and mortality in biologically activated sludge systems-effect of low temperature. Marquot, A; Pambrun, V; Racault, Y, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " The 96-h LC50 for Pb was 482 nmol L(-1), indicating that Pb was one-order of magnitude more toxic in soft, acidic water than in harder, circumneutral pH waters." | ( Modes of metal toxicity and impaired branchial ionoregulation in rainbow trout exposed to mixtures of Pb and Cd in soft water. Birceanu, O; Chowdhury, MJ; Gillis, PL; McGeer, JC; Wilkie, MP; Wood, CM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The misclassification of methylmercury and the potential environmental exposure to developmental toxic heavy metals promoted our investigation of whether the EST applicability domain covers cadmium and arsenic compounds." | ( Embryotoxicity hazard assessment of cadmium and arsenic compounds using embryonic stem cells. Bremer, S; Hareng, L; Stummann, TC, 2008) | 0.81 |
| "Heavy metals are essential components of many biological processes but are toxic at high concentrations." | ( Overexpression of metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) in Drosophila melanogaster ameliorates life-span reductions associated with oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Bahadorani, S; Egli, D; Hilliker, AJ; Mukai, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "OBJECTIVE; Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals to organisms." | ( Role of +(-)catechin against cadmium toxicity in the rat testes. Dursun, S; Ozdemir, S, 2009) | 1.03 |
| " For the evaluation of toxic effect on pure micro-organisms, the maximum peak-heat output power (P(max)) in the growth phase, the growth rate constants (k), the log phase heat effects (Q(log)), and the total heat effect (Q(T)) for Bacillus subtilis and Candida humicola were determined." | ( The toxic effect of cadmium on pure microbes using a microcalorimetric method and a biosensor technique. Ceccanti, B; Chen, H; Gai, N; Maskow, T; Wang, F; Yao, J; Zaray, G; Zhou, Y; Zhuang, R, 2008) | 0.67 |
| "High concentrations of heavy metals in the soil have an adverse effect on micro-organisms and microbial processes." | ( Effect of cadmium toxicity on the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes activity in wheat plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Abad, AK; Khara, J, 2007) | 0.74 |
| " In this study, we examined the uptake and toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in non-toxic (Ma 469) and toxic (Ma 905) strains of Microcystis based on the metal free ion and cellular concentrations." | ( Cadmium and zinc uptake and toxicity in two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa predicted by metal free ion activity and intracellular concentration. Wang, WX; Yang, L; Zeng, J, 2009) | 2.04 |
| " In particular, a role for NO in the regulation of iron homeostasis and in the plant response to toxic metals has been proposed." | ( Nitric oxide contributes to cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis by promoting cadmium accumulation in roots and by up-regulating genes related to iron uptake. Auroy, P; Besson-Bard, A; Duc, C; Gaymard, F; Gravot, A; Pugin, A; Renou, JP; Richaud, P; Taconnat, L; Wendehenne, D, 2009) | 0.65 |
| " A number of heavy metals have been associated with toxic effects to the peripheral or central auditory system." | ( Hwanggunchungyitang prevents cadmium-induced ototoxicity through suppression of the activation of caspase-9 and extracellular signal-related kinase in auditory HEI-OC1 cells. An, HJ; Choi, IY; Hong, SH; Jeong, HJ; Kim, DH; Kim, HM; Kim, MC; Kim, NH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Lee, JY; Moon, PD; Myung, NY; Park, RK; Shin, BG; So, HS; Um, JY, 2009) | 0.64 |
| " When the hardness of the waters was increased by addition of calcium the adverse effects of Cd were in general reduced." | ( Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of cadmium to the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an artificial growth medium and nutrient-spiked natural lake waters. Källqvist, T, 2009) | 0.61 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, targeting the lung, liver, kidney, and testes following acute intoxication, and causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity and tumors after prolonged exposures." | ( Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis. Kadiiska, MB; Liu, J; Qu, W, 2009) | 2.09 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), an industrial and environmental pollutant, is toxic to several tissues, most notably causing hepatotoxicity on acute administration and nephrotoxicity following chronic exposure." | ( Therapeutic efficacy of Picroliv in chronic cadmium toxicity. Khandelwal, S; Yadav, N, 2009) | 2.06 |
| " The cellular metal to P ratio was better than the cellular P concentration at predicting the toxic effects of metals under different P conditions." | ( The importance of cellular phosphorus in controlling the uptake and toxicity of cadmium and zinc in Microcystis aeruginosa, a freshwater cyanobacterium. Wang, WX; Zeng, J, 2009) | 0.58 |
| " Cadmium showed toxic effects at high concentrations 10(-2) M but promotory at lower concentration (10(-8) M) with regard to growth and yield." | ( Toxicity of cadmium on the growth and yield of Solanum melongena L. Kashyap, K; Khan, IA; Khan, MA; Siddhu, G; Sirohi, DS, 2008) | 1.64 |
| " QD toxicity may be intrinsic to their physicochemical properties, or result from the release of toxic components during breakdown." | ( Quantum dot nanotoxicity assessment using the zebrafish embryo. Hamers, RJ; Heideman, W; King-Heiden, TC; Mangham, AN; Metz, KM; Nesbit, D; Pedersen, JA; Peterson, RE; Wiecinski, PN, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant and is known for its wide toxic manifestations." | ( Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and the protective effect of naringenin. Prabu, SM; Renugadevi, J, 2010) | 2.71 |
| " Essential to this understanding is the detection and linkage of early biological responses toxic effects in target cell populations." | ( Monitoring of human populations for early markers of cadmium toxicity: a review. Fowler, BA, 2009) | 0.6 |
| " Inhibition of NO synthase with 10 microM l-NAME, significantly attenuated Cd ability to enhance O(2-) production and diminished NO generation, thus leading to the suggestion that Cd toxic effects, started at concentration of 50 muM, could enhance NADPH oxidase and NO synthase stimulation in haemocytes of mussels." | ( Production of superoxides and nitric oxide generation in haemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk.) after exposure to cadmium: a possible involvement of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in the induction of cadmium toxic effects. Dailianis, S, 2009) | 0.56 |
| " The surface coating of QD appeared to determine the stability of QDs and hence the toxicity, potentially by size change of or the release of toxic components from QDs." | ( Acute toxicity of two CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots with different surface coating in Daphnia magna under various light conditions. Choi, K; Ji, K; Kim, J; Lee, J; Lim, KH; Park, C; Yoon, TH, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Overall, GT-LG represents the most sensitive cells to heavy metal contamination and may be used for initial environmental monitoring, while the highly tolerant nature of GT-LV and GT-EYE cells to the tested heavy metals suggest their potential use as an emergency last-resort indicator of potential metal-related adverse effect on human health." | ( Validation of an in vitro cytotoxicity test for four heavy metals using cell lines derived from a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Alonso Aguirre, A; Lu, Y; Tan, F; Wang, M; Wang, W, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Environmental contaminants, such as trace elements, may be present in all foods and, as a result, international standards have been established for a number of toxic trace elements, such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, in raw food commodities and food products." | ( Trace elements in Canadian field peas: a grain safety assurance perspective. Garrett, RG; Gawalko, E; Richter, A; Wang, N; Warkentin, T, 2009) | 0.54 |
| " Moreover, the spray of both the brassinosteroids (HBL/EBL) were found very effective in neutralizing the adverse effects generated by metals that reflect in better photosynthetic performance by the cultivars." | ( Brassinosteroids protect Lycopersicon esculentum from cadmium toxicity applied as shotgun approach. Ahmad, A; Hasan, SA; Hayat, Q; Hayat, S, 2010) | 0.61 |
| "We demonstrate that using time-resolved two-photon excitation endogenous fluorescence microscopy, the cadmium (Cd)-induced cellular toxic level can be assessed by the free-to protein-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (free/bound NADH) ratio in a living cell." | ( Study of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity using two-photon excitation endogenous fluorescence microscopy. Li, D; Lin, T; Qu, JY; Yang, MS; Zheng, W, ) | 0.76 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that induces genotoxic damage in the body." | ( Royal jelly (honey bee) is a potential antioxidant against cadmium-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in albino mice. Cavuşoğlu, K; Yalçin, E; Yapar, K, 2009) | 2.04 |
| " Hence, in carefully chosen concentrations (still effectively complexing heavy metals but not yet toxic to soil bacteria), rhamnolipids could be applied in remediation of polluted areas." | ( Effects of rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa DS10-129 on luminescent bacteria: toxicity and modulation of cadmium bioavailability. Bondarenko, O; Ivask, A; Kahru, A; Rahman, PK; Rahman, TJ, 2010) | 0.57 |
| " On the other hand, cadmium microparticles inhaled in vivo are known to be much more toxic to the respiratory system and much more slowly cleared from it than lead particles." | ( In vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium microparticles for rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Boudene, C; Bouley, G; Dubreuil, A, 1979) | 0.89 |
| " This review summarizes the toxic symptoms of Cd in plants (i." | ( Cadmium: toxicity and tolerance in plants. Ahmad, A; Ali, B; Fariduddin, Q; Hasan, SA; Hayat, S, 2009) | 1.8 |
| " This was done by comparing the sensitivity of lab-cultured amphipods in a cadmium toxicity test and to toxic sediment samples, during a 10-days bioassay, with field collected individuals." | ( Sensitivity comparison of laboratory-cultured and field-collected amphipod Corophium multisetosum in toxicity tests. Belzunce, MJ; Franco, J; Garmendia, JM; Menchaca, I; Montero, N; Revilla, M, 2010) | 0.59 |
| " We found that the CdTe QDs were more cytotoxic than CdCl(2) solutions even when the intracellular Cd(2+) concentrations were identical in HEK293 cells treated with them, implying the cytotoxicity of CdTe QDs cannot attributed solely to the toxic effect of free Cd(2+)." | ( The cytotoxicity of CdTe quantum dots and the relative contributions from released cadmium ions and nanoparticle properties. Fan, C; He, Y; Hu, M; Huang, Q; Li, Q; Li, W; Shen, P; Su, Y; Wang, LH, 2010) | 0.59 |
| " Concurrent treatment with Se reduced the Cd-induced histopathological changes in the testis, oxidative stress, endocrine disorder and apoptosis, suggesting that the toxic effects of cadmium on the testes is ameliorated by Se." | ( Testicular toxicity induced by dietary cadmium in cocks and ameliorative effect by selenium. Gao, R; Li, JL; Li, S; Tang, ZX; Wang, JT; Xu, SW, 2010) | 0.82 |
| "Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a very toxic metal that causes DNA damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis." | ( Endoplasmic reticulum is a major target of cadmium toxicity in yeast. Aude, JC; Catty, P; Chédin, S; Gardarin, A; Godat, E; Labarre, J; Lagniel, G, 2010) | 2.07 |
| "To investigate the protective effect of Lithium against the toxic effect of Cadmium in the rat testes." | ( Lithium protects against toxic effects of cadmium in the rat testes. Al-Azemi, M; Anim, JT; Kehinde, EO; Omu, AE; Omu, FE; Oriowo, MA, 2010) | 0.85 |
| "Treatment with lithium was associated with significant reduction in the toxic effects of Cadmium as shown by reduced testicular levels of TNF-α, serum levels of Malondialdehyde and testicular level of Bax, and increased levels of IL-4, Zn-Cu SOD, Bcl-2 and Testosterone." | ( Lithium protects against toxic effects of cadmium in the rat testes. Al-Azemi, M; Anim, JT; Kehinde, EO; Omu, AE; Omu, FE; Oriowo, MA, 2010) | 0.85 |
| " Zn(2+), Cu(2+/+), Fe(3+/2+)) should be particularly sensitive to the presence of Cd(2+), because they enclose cationic sites to which the toxic metal can bind." | ( Cellular mechanisms of cadmium toxicity related to the homeostasis of essential metals. Moulis, JM, 2010) | 0.67 |
| " The major physiological functions of MTs include homeostasis of essential metals Zn and Cu, protection against cytotoxicity of Cd and other toxic metals, and scavenging free radicals generated in oxidative stress." | ( Role of metallothionein in cadmium traffic and toxicity in kidneys and other mammalian organs. Breljak, D; Herak-Kramberger, CM; Sabolić, I; Skarica, M, 2010) | 0.66 |
| " GST plays a vital role in detoxification response during oxidative stress and provides a first line of defense after toxic heavy metal insult, before increased metallothionein expression." | ( Cyanobacterial LPS potentiates cadmium toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Berry, JP; Mayer, GD; Miniutti, DM; Notch, EG, 2011) | 0.66 |
| " The observed data were compared with the predictions derived from approaches of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) in order to evaluate the proper prediction of the observed mixture toxic effect." | ( Cadmium, lead and their mixtures with copper: Paracentrotus lividus embryotoxicity assessment, prediction, and offspring quality evaluation. Buono, S; Cremisini, C; Manzo, S, 2010) | 1.8 |
| "Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is known to induce thyroid-related adverse effects in aquatic organisms." | ( Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid exposure increases cadmium toxicity in early life stage of zebrafish, Danio rerio. Choi, K; Ji, K; Kho, Y; Kim, J; Kim, S; Lee, J; Lee, S, 2011) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and inhibits physiological processes of plants." | ( Effect of magnesium deficiency on antioxidant status and cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings. Chao, YY; Chou, TS; Hong, CY; Huang, WD; Kao, CH, 2011) | 2.06 |
| " Fish seminal plasma proteins can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of heavy metals." | ( Carp transferrin can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of cadmium ions. Ciereszko, A; Dietrich, GJ; Dietrich, MA; Hliwa, P, 2011) | 0.61 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant, has been shown to be highly toxic to both humans and animals." | ( Gestational cadmium exposure-induced ovotoxicity delays puberty through oxidative stress and impaired steroid hormone levels. Princess, RA; Samuel, JB; Sebastian, MS; Shanthi, P; Stanley, JA, 2011) | 2.19 |
| " The toxic effects of cadmium on the crops were quite different." | ( [Different sensitivity of 23 common crop species to cadmium toxicity]. Ding, FH; Liu, SX; Luo, D; Wang, G, 2011) | 0.93 |
| " It is associated with renal, neurological, skeletal and other toxic effects, including reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity." | ( Cadmium toxicity revisited: focus on oxidative stress induction and interactions with zinc and magnesium. Buha, A; Bulat, Z; Dukić-Ćosić, D; Matović, V, 2011) | 1.81 |
| " Bioaccumulation was then linked to chronic toxic effects." | ( Modeling chronic dietary cadmium bioaccumulation and toxicity from periphyton to Hyalella azteca. Borgmann, U; Dixon, DG; Golding, LA, 2011) | 0.67 |
| " The lowest slope was obtained from the treatments with lowest free Cd(2+) ion concentration and lowest toxicity, whereas the highest slope was obtained from the most toxic treatment." | ( Cadmium toxicity in tadpoles of Rhinella arenarum in relation to calcium and humic acids. Afonso, Mdos S; Ferrari, L; Mastrángelo, M, 2011) | 1.81 |
| " Cd was significantly more toxic at 5 salinity than at 20 and 36." | ( The use of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion to evaluate the toxicity of cadmium on Farfantepenaeus paulensis with respect to salinity. Barbieri, E; Paes, ET, 2011) | 0.6 |
| "The linkage between acute adverse effects of cadmium and internal cadmium levels were investigated for the oligochaete worm Lumbriculus variegatus in water at varying degrees of hardness and two different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations." | ( Using the critical body residue approach to determine the acute toxicity of cadmium at varying levels of water hardness and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Malk, V; Penttinen, OP; Penttinen, S; Väisänen, A, 2011) | 0.86 |
| " The combine data of this study support the biocompatibility of anti-HER2ab-QDs for breast cancer imaging, suggesting that the antibody coating assists in controlling any possible adverse effect of quantum dots." | ( Bio-distribution and toxicity assessment of intravenously injected anti-HER2 antibody conjugated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in Wistar rats. Behari, J; Jin, T; Tiwari, DK, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The toxic effect of the heavy metals on motility exhibited the following decreasing order for both species: Cu > Pb > Cd." | ( Toxicity of copper, lead, and cadmium on the motility of two marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis chui. Chai, X; Hu, L; Liu, G; Shao, Y; Wu, H; Xie, Q, 2011) | 0.66 |
| "The combined toxic effects of Cd and Pb in the presence of different concentrations of Ca(2+) were predicted using the biotic ligand model (BLM), with the parameters derived from the Cd-only and Pb-only toxicity data." | ( Extended biotic ligand model for prediction of mixture toxicity of Cd and Pb using single metal toxicity data. An, J; Jho, EH; Nam, K, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is an environmental contaminant that causes a variety of adverse effects." | ( Protective effect of a Chrysanthemum indicum containing formulation in cadmium-induced ototoxicity. Hong, SH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Myung, NY; Park, RK; Shin, BG; So, HS; Um, JY, 2011) | 1.51 |
| " The hepatoprotective impact of Zn may be explained, at least partly, by its antioxidative, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory action, ability to stimulate regenerative processes in the liver tissue, and indirect action resulting in a decrease in the liver pool of the non-metallothionein-bound Cd(2+) ions able to exert toxic action." | ( Protective effect of zinc against cadmium hepatotoxicity depends on this bioelement intake and level of cadmium exposure: a study in a rat model. Brzóska, MM; Pilat-Marcinkiewicz, B; Rogalska, J, 2011) | 0.65 |
| " Cd was the most toxic chemical (LC50 = 14." | ( Toxicity of cadmium, lead, mercury and methyl parathion on Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg 1832 (Rotifera: Monogononta). Arias-Almeida, JC; Rico-Martínez, R, 2011) | 0.75 |
| " Simple patterns of mixture toxicity (additive, antagonistic, or synergistic) were evaluated by the toxic unit approach." | ( Interactions of cadmium and zinc impact their toxicity to the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Peijnenburg, WJ; Qiu, H; Vijver, MG, 2011) | 0.72 |
| " The Cd concentrations in the cellular metal-sensitive fraction or the potentially toxic fraction (cell debris fraction-Cd) were well correlated with the toxicity of Cd." | ( Temperature affects cadmium-induced phytotoxicity involved in subcellular cadmium distribution and oxidative stress in wheat roots. Li, D; Li, L; Wang, P; Zhou, D, 2011) | 0.69 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and can induce and/or promote diseases in humans (cancer, aging diseases, kidney and bone diseases, etc." | ( The toxicity redox mechanisms of cadmium alone or together with copper and zinc homeostasis alteration: its redox biomarkers. Candéias, SM; Douki, T; Favier, A; Guiraud, P; Nzengue, Y; Rachidi, W; Sauvaigo, S, 2011) | 2.09 |
| "L(-1)) decreased the toxic effects of Cd on phytoperiphyton growth demonstrating the importance of studying metal mixtures in field studies." | ( Toxicity and sorption kinetics of dissolved cadmium and chromium III on tropical freshwater phytoperiphyton in laboratory mesocosm experiments. Bere, T; Tundisi, JG, 2011) | 0.63 |
| " Adverse health effects following selenium overexposure, although very rare, have been found in animals and people." | ( Selenium interactions and toxicity: a review. Selenium interactions and toxicity. Zaporowska, H; Zwolak, I, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Benthic organisms ingest dissolved and particle-bound contaminants together with their food, whereas it is not clear which fraction of the ingested suspension causes the toxic effects." | ( Toxicity of ingested cadmium to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Höss, S; Schlottmann, K; Traunspurger, W, 2011) | 0.69 |
| " Many water quality criteria in tropical regions are based on ecotoxicological tests with non-native species and, consequently, this may lead to errors of interpretation when the permitted maximum levels of for each toxic substance are established." | ( Acute and chronic toxicity of chromium and cadmium to the tropical cladoceran pseudosida ramosa and the implications for ecotoxicological studies. Freitas, EC; Rocha, O, 2014) | 0.67 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal commonly found in industrial workplaces, a food contaminant and a major constituent of cigarette smoke." | ( Postnuclear supernatant: an in vitro model for assessing cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. Chaudhary, S; Govil, N; Parvez, S; Waseem, M, 2012) | 2.07 |
| " The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental pollution on essential and toxic element contents of breast milk and determine the risky locations in our population." | ( In which regions is breast-feeding safer from the impact of toxic elements from the environment? Cinar, N; Ozdemir, S; Ucar, F; Yucel, O, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Finally, applicability of the developed models in Cd- or Pb-spiked soils was investigated by comparing predicted toxic effects (i." | ( Prediction of Cd and Pb toxicity to Vibrio fischeri using biotic ligand-based models in soil. An, J; Jeong, S; Jho, EH; Moon, HS; Nam, K, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Protection by essential metals against the genotoxic effects of toxic elements is an open question." | ( Zinc opposes genotoxicity of cadmium and vanadium but not of lead. Aimola, P; Boscolo, M; Carmignani, M; Cesare, P; Valle, G; Volpe, AR, ) | 0.42 |
| " The CdTe QDs, which are highly toxic to HEK293 cells, resulted in remarkable cellular and nuclear morphological changes, a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, and strong inhibition of cell proliferation; the CdTe/CdS QDs were moderately toxic but did not significantly affect the proliferation of HEK293 cells; while the CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs had no detectable influence on cytotoxicity with respect to cell morphology, viability, and proliferation." | ( Cytotoxicity of cadmium-containing quantum dots based on a study using a microfluidic chip. Jin, Q; Tian, J; Wang, L; Weng, L; Wu, L; Zhao, J; Zheng, X, 2012) | 0.72 |
| "The objective of this study was to assess potential toxic effects of simulated urban runoff on Carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers." | ( Toxicity assessment of simulated urban runoff containing polycyclic musks and cadmium in Carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers. Chen, F; Gao, J; Zhou, Q, 2012) | 0.61 |
| "1mg CdCl₂/(kgd) for 8 and 12 weeks, the Cd concentration in blood reached to 135-140 μg/L and no toxic effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes, white blood cells (WBC) and granulocyte-monocyte (GM) progenitor cells were observed except polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of bone marrow." | ( Combination effects of chronic cadmium exposure and gamma-irradiation on the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells in rats. Bai, Y; Bao, Y; Chen, H; Hu, Y; Shao, C; Xu, A; Zhou, M, 2012) | 0.66 |
| " Cr and Pb decrease the toxic effects of Cd on periphyton communities." | ( Effects of Cr III and Pb on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd in tropical periphyton communities: Implications of pulsed metal exposures. Bere, T; Chia, MA; Tundisi, JG, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " However, CMN treatment partially reversed these toxic effects of CdCl(2) on the reproductive system." | ( Ameliorative effects of curcumin against acute cadmium toxicity on male reproductive system in rats. Aydin, M; Beytur, A; Ciftci, O; Oguzturk, H; Timurkaan, N; Yilmaz, F, 2012) | 0.64 |
| " It is usually used as test organism in ecotoxicological studies at a regional level, and there is a strong concern to increase the knowledge of both their biology and their sensitivity to different toxic agents." | ( Cadmium toxicity assessment in juveniles of the Austral South America amphipod Hyalella curvispina. Ferrari, L; Giusto, A; Somma, LA, 2012) | 1.82 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal and carcinogen that is abundantly present in cigarette smoke, is a cause of smoking-induced lung disease." | ( Cadmium-mediated toxicity of lung epithelia is enhanced through NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation of the human zinc transporter ZIP8. Bao, S; Cormet-Boyaka, E; Crawford, M; Knoell, DL; Liu, MJ; Nana-Sinkam, P; Napolitano, JR, 2012) | 3.26 |
| " Exposure to cadmium can lead to absorption of the compounds to the organism and consequently, the toxic effects in the nervous system." | ( [Biochemical mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by cadmium]. Labudda, M, 2011) | 0.99 |
| "The toxic effect of cadmium varies with sex in experimental animals." | ( Sexual dimorphism of cadmium-induced toxicity in rats: involvement of sex hormones. Hashiguchi, T; Imamura, Y; Shimada, H; Waalkes, MP; Yasutake, A, 2012) | 1.02 |
| ", the total adverse effects, including developmental defects and mortality) were calculated to be 2740 and 133 μg/L, respectively, when cadmium was prepared in dilution water." | ( The toxicity of cadmium (Cd²⁺) towards embryos and pro-larva of soldatov's catfish (Silurus soldatovi). Cao, H; Jin, G; Meng, Y; Zhang, H; Zhu, M, 2012) | 0.93 |
| "Cadmium is a well-known environmental pollutant with distinctly toxic effects on plants." | ( Cadmium toxicity: effects on cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking and cell wall construction. Wan, L; Zhang, H, 2012) | 3.26 |
| "We derived safe concentrations (SCs) of copper, zinc, cadmium, and manganese using river macroinvertebrate surveys at over 400 individual sites on three continents represented by the UK, USA, and Japan." | ( Estimating safe concentrations of trace metals from inter-continental field data on river macroinvertebrates. Iwasaki, Y; Ormerod, SJ, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " These results strengthen the hypothesis that TQ exerts modulatory influence on the antioxidant defense system on being subjected to toxic insult." | ( Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and its abrogation by thymoquinone. Chaudhary, S; Parvez, S; Waseem, M; Zafeer, MF, 2012) | 1.82 |
| " This adverse effect was reduced by simultaneous zinc administration (completely at 10-fold higher molar concentration)." | ( Protective effect of zinc on cadmium embryotoxicity and antioxidant status of blood plasma in newly hatched chicks. Droba, M; Dżugan, M; Lis, MW; Niedziółka, JW, 2012) | 0.67 |
| " These results show that Cd induces dose-and-time-dependent alterations of the meiotic process of spermatogenesis ex-vivo, and that the lowest metal concentration, which induces an adverse effect, may vary with the cell parameter studied." | ( Ex-vivo assessment of chronic toxicity of low levels of cadmium on testicular meiotic cells. Achard, V; Ali, S; Chaspoul, F; Durand, P; Gallice, P; Geoffroy-Siraudin, C; Ghalamoun-Slaimi, R; Guichaoua, MR; Lanteaume, A; Perrard, MH, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " In the present paper, we investigated accumulation, tissue and intracellular localization, and toxic effects of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in three aquatic macrophytes (the angiosperms Lemna minor and Elodea canadensis, and the moss Leptodictyum riparium)." | ( Toxicity, accumulation, and removal of heavy metals by three aquatic macrophytes. Basile, A; Capasso, C; Carginale, V; Cobianchi, RC; Conte, B; Sorbo, S; Trinchella, F, 2012) | 0.59 |
| " Despite the toxic effects of cadmium on anaerobic organic matter removal at large Cd(2+) concentrations, the results demonstrated that the anaerobic process was suitable for cadmium concentrations below 29." | ( Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd²⁺) on anaerobic biomass: kinetic and metabolic implications. Foresti, E; Mockaitis, G; Rodrigues, JA; Zaiat, M, 2012) | 1.01 |
| " These data strongly suggest a cascade mechanism of the toxic effect, with a primary effect in the dark reactions." | ( Cadmium exerts its toxic effects on photosynthesis via a cascade mechanism in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. Garab, G; Kis, M; Kovács, L; Tóth, T; Zsiros, O, 2012) | 1.82 |
| " Cellulase activity and DNA damage were chosen as toxic endpoints." | ( Combined toxicity of cadmium and lead on the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Li, D; Li, M; Liu, Z; Wu, B; Xu, Y, 2012) | 0.7 |
| "Although essential in many cellular processes, metals become toxic when they are present in excess and constitute a global environmental hazard." | ( Proteomic analysis of proteins secreted by Botrytis cinerea in response to heavy metal toxicity. Bonneu, M; Cherrad, S; Dieryckx, C; Dupuy, JW; Girard, V; Gonçalves, IR; Job, C; Job, D; Poussereau, N; Rascle, C; Vacher, S, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "We demonstrate that a two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging technology can rapidly and noninvasively assess the cadmium (Cd)-induced toxic effects in a marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii." | ( Two-photon excitation chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging: a rapid and noninvasive method for in vivo assessment of cadmium toxicity in a marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Li, D; Qu, JY; Wang, WX; Wu, Y; Zeng, Y; Zheng, W, 2012) | 0.79 |
| " Only the metabolically available metals are potentially toxic to organisms, while metals in the detoxified form are toxicologically irrelevant." | ( Two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model to predict metal toxicity in Daphnia magna. Tan, QG; Wang, WX, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The cadmium ion (Cd²⁺) is a highly toxic metal ion; however, its hepatic toxic effects are not very well characterized in a systematic manner." | ( Mechanism of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity on the ZFL zebrafish liver cell line. Chan, KM; Zhu, JY, 2012) | 1.31 |
| " These toxic effects were found to be mainly related to the in vivo degradation of QDs with consequent release of Cd(2+) ions, while the coating of QDs can modulate their bioaccumulation in the organism, partly decreasing their overall toxicity." | ( In vivo assessment of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots: coating dependent bioaccumulation and genotoxicity. Brunetti, V; Cingolani, R; Galeone, A; Malvindi, MA; Pompa, PP; Vecchio, G, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chip has been developed for the estimation of toxic heavy metals based on measurement of mobility of marine microalgae." | ( Microalgal motility measurement microfluidic chip for toxicity assessment of heavy metals. Qin, J; Wang, Y; Zheng, G, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "A review of the literature about the toxic effects of cadmium on the human body." | ( [Toxic effects of cadmium on the human body (literature review)]. Krivosheev, AB; Krivosheev, BN; Kupriianova, LIa; Poteriaeva, EL; Smirnova, EL, 2012) | 0.96 |
| " Toxicity of cadmium and copper to three bacteria was investigated in the new medium and compared with three other media commonly used to study the effect of the toxic metals." | ( Heavy metal toxicity to bacteria - are the existing growth media accurate enough to determine heavy metal toxicity? Bolan, NS; Krishnamurti, GS; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Rathnayake, IV, 2013) | 0.76 |
| " Activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in treated cells with exposure time, which might elevate intracellular ROS level, as a consequence metabolic dysfunction and toxic effect were resulted." | ( Cadmium toxicity in Escherichia coli: Cell morphology, Z-ring formation and intracellular oxidative balance. Hossain, ST; Mallick, I; Mukherjee, SK, 2012) | 1.82 |
| "Aluminium is a toxic metal whose genotoxicity has been scarcely studied in aquatic species and more generally in mammals." | ( Comparative genotoxicity of aluminium and cadmium in embryonic zebrafish cells. Adam-Guillermin, C; Camilleri, V; Cavalie, I; Gilbin, R; Pereira, S, 2013) | 0.65 |
| " These effects of normal variability may result in overestimation of the adverse effects of Cd on kidney function at low-level Cd exposure." | ( Associations between urinary excretion of cadmium and proteins in a nonsmoking population: renal toxicity or normal physiology? Akerstrom, M; Barregard, L; Lundh, T; Sallsten, G, 2013) | 0.65 |
| "This study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and non-specific esterase activity of Penaeus monodon haemocytes in vitro, using a flow cytometric assay." | ( Flow cytometric analysis of in vitro cytotoxicity of cadmium in haemocytes from the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Li, B; Miao, YT; Wang, AL; Xian, JA, 2013) | 0.9 |
| "Three potentially toxic elements [chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin." | ( Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. Cáliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Vila, X, 2013) | 0.63 |
| " The treatment with lipoic acid and glutathione reduced the toxic effects of these metals in all cases." | ( Monitoring the toxic effects of Pb, Cd and Cu on hematological parameters of Wistar rats and potential protective role of lipoic acid and glutathione. Cvetković, TP; Jovanović, J; Kocić, G; Krstić, N; Nikolić, R; Radosavljević-Stevanović, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " reticulata from most to least toxic was Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Al > Fe > Mn and Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Pb > Al > Ni > Mn, respectively." | ( Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish. Abas, A; Ramle, NA; Shuhaimi-Othman, M; Yakub, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Cadmium is an important pollutant in the environment, toxic to most organisms and a potential threat to human health: Crops and other plants take up Cd from the soil or water and may enrich it in their roots and shoots." | ( Cadmium toxicity in plants. Andresen, E; Küpper, H, 2013) | 3.28 |
| "Mixture toxicity is an important issue for the risk assessment of environmental pollutants, for which an extensive amount of data are necessary in evaluating their potential adverse health effects." | ( Characterization of the interaction between cadmium and chlorpyrifos with integrative techniques in incurring synergistic hepatoxicity. Chen, L; Du, Y; Liu, J; Liu, S; Qu, G; Sang, N; Sun, X; Wang, L; Zhang, S, 2013) | 0.65 |
| "Cadmium ( Cd(2+) ) is an environmental contaminant that causes a variety of adverse effects." | ( Protective effect of rosmarinic acid is through regulation of inflammatory cytokine in cadmium-induced ototoxicity. Hong, SH; Kim, SH; Kim, SJ; Um, JY, 2013) | 2.06 |
| " A risk assessment of toxic contaminants in TBM indicated that food safety objectives should consider the human health impacts of foods derived from animals fed on contaminated meal and that much care should be taken when TBM is used in animal diet." | ( Cytotoxicity evaluation and antioxidant enzyme expression related to heavy metals found in tuna by-products meal: An in vitro study in human and rat liver cell lines. Azaza, MS; El-Feki, A; Saïdi, SA; van Pelt, J; Windmolders, P, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " However, the IAA or SA treatment attenuated the adverse effects of Cd on these attributes." | ( Exogenous treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings. Agami, RA; Mohamed, GF, 2013) | 0.62 |
| " Zn(2+) had markedly different toxic effects than the other heavy metals, whose Vf and Va gradually decreased with increasing exposure concentration (P<0." | ( Acute toxicity, respiratory reaction, and sensitivity of three cyprinid fish species caused by exposure to four heavy metals. Chang, J; Li, S; Liang, Y; Wang, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The results demonstrate that Cd and Cu impact has adverse effects on gills and digestive glands lipid and fatty acids composition." | ( Changes of blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. lipid composition under cadmium and copper toxic effect. Bakhmet, IN; Fokina, NN; Nemova, NN; Ruokolainen, TR, 2013) | 0.63 |
| " Macro elements sodium, potassium magnesium and calcium, micro elements manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chrome and nickel as well as toxic trace elements cadmium and lead have been analysed." | ( Metals in wheat flour; comparative study and safety control. Caballero, JM; González-Weller, D; Gutiérrez, AJ; Hardisson, A; Luis, G; Rubio, C; Tejera, RL, ) | 0.33 |
| " Although SiNPs were low toxic to mice, co-exposure of SiNPs and CdCl₂ significantly enhanced CdCl₂-induced oxidative damage in the liver as indicated by the severe liver dysfunction and histopathological abnormalities." | ( In vivo biodistribution and synergistic toxicity of silica nanoparticles and cadmium chloride in mice. Gao, S; Guo, M; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yan, X; Zhu, S, 2013) | 0.62 |
| " The adverse effects of Cd on plant growth were alleviated by the exogenous application of Si." | ( Alleviation of cadmium toxicity by silicon is related to elevated photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes; suppressed cadmium uptake and oxidative stress in cotton. Ali, S; Farooq, MA; Hameed, A; Iqbal, Z; Ishaque, W; Mahmood, K, 2013) | 0.74 |
| " As expected, Cd(2+) was more toxic than Zn(2+), and the general trend of IC50-24 h values of QDs was determined to be CdTe < CdSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS, suggesting that ZnS-shelled CdSe/ZnS QDs were more cytocompatible than bare core CdTe crystals." | ( Comparison of cytotoxicity and expression of metal regulatory genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver cells exposed to cadmium sulfate, zinc sulfate and quantum dots. Allagadda, V; Chibli, H; Mayer, GD; Nadeau, JL; Tang, S, 2013) | 0.6 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) can be toxic to terrestrial snails, but few data are available about its genotoxic effects on early life stages (ELS)." | ( Coupling of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles analysis and high resolution capillary electrophoresis system for the assessment of chemical genotoxicity. Baurand, PE; Capelli, N; de Vaufleury, A; Scheifler, R, 2013) | 1.83 |
| "The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris were investigated by following the response to Cd of various toxicity endpoints (cell growth, cell size, photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light or Φ(PSII), maximal photochemical efficiency or Fv/Fm, chlorophyll a fluorescence, esterase activity, and cell viability)." | ( Photosynthetic and cellular toxicity of cadmium in Chlorella vulgaris. He, QS; He, W; Kong, XZ; Lavoie, M; Ou-Yang, HL; Qin, N; Wang, R; Xu, FL; Yang, B, 2013) | 0.98 |
| "The vegetation of metal-contaminated soils using non-edible crops can be a safe and economical technique for Cd immobilization and the remediation of contaminated sites." | ( Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence spectra for the monitoring of Cd toxicity in a bio-energy crop (Jatropha curcas). do Nascimento, CW; Marques, MC, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Thus, prolonged exposure to Cd will cause toxic effect due to its accumulation over time in a variety of tissues, including kidneys, liver, central nervous system (CNS), and peripheral neuronal systems." | ( Cadmium and its neurotoxic effects. Du, Y; Wang, B, 2013) | 1.83 |
| "Cadmium is a toxic metal with no biological function in higher-order mammals." | ( In vitro protection by pyruvate against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in hippocampal HT-22 cells. Liu, R; Poteet, E; Ryou, MG; Winters, A; Xie, L; Yang, SH, 2014) | 2.11 |
| " Interestingly, the combination of cadmium ions and CdTe/CdS/ZnS mimics the toxic effect of CdTe, suggesting that autophagy sensitizes cells to cadmium ions." | ( Autophagy-sensitized cytotoxicity of quantum dots in PC12 cells. Chen, N; Fan, C; He, Y; Huang, Q; Huang, W; Li, X; Su, Y; Wang, L; Wei, M; Yin, M, 2014) | 0.68 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) compounds are widely distributed toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, and they may bring danger to growth and development of aquatic organisms." | ( Development of a model to predict the effect of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of cadmium to Photobacterium phosphoreum. Liu, Z; Qu, R; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Yan, Z, 2013) | 2.05 |
| "Manganese (Mn) can interact with cadmium (Cd) in environments and influence the toxic effect of Cd on plants." | ( Manganese-mitigation of cadmium toxicity to seedling growth of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. is controlled by the manganese/cadmium molar ratio under hydroponic conditions. Chai, T; Feng, S; Liu, G; Liu, H; Tan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2013) | 0.98 |
| " We established that individually non-toxic cadmium (3 nM) and slightly toxic nickel (300 nM) concentrations became highly toxic when applied together in soft water, severely inhibiting photosynthetic light reactions." | ( Effects of Cd & Ni toxicity to Ceratophyllum demersum under environmentally relevant conditions in soft & hard water including a German lake. Andresen, E; Dickinson, BC; Dienemann, H; Jenemann, K; Küpper, H; Opitz, J; Stärk, HJ; Thomas, G, 2013) | 0.65 |
| " The possible toxic effects of quantum dots remain a hot research topic and several questions such as possible intracellular degradation of quantum dots and the effect thereof on both cell viability and particle functionality remain unresolved." | ( The effect of nanoparticle degradation on amphiphilic polymer-coated quantum dot toxicity: the importance of particle functionality assessment in toxicology [corrected]. Abdelmonem, AM; Braeckmans, K; De Smedt, SC; Doak, SH; Manshian, BB; Montenegro, JM; Parak, WJ; Soenen, SJ, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Bare CdTe QDs exert the most toxic effect on a variety of cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, NIH/3T3 cells) as well as live plants (green gram sprouts)." | ( Parallel comparative studies on the toxic effects of unmodified CdTe quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanodots on live cells as well as green gram sprouts. Feng, D; Li, X; Ma, H; Shi, W; Song, Y, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), an ubiquitous environmental metal, mainly used for industrial purposes, may be toxic at level of the reproductive system." | ( Toxicity of cadmium on Sertoli cell functional competence: an in vitro study. Aglietti, MC; Arato, I; Bellucci, C; Bodo, M; Calafiore, R; Calvitti, M; Falabella, G; Giovagnoli, S; Lilli, C; Luca, G; Lumare, A; Mancuso, F; Muzi, G, ) | 1.95 |
| "Plants detoxify toxic metals through a GSH-dependent pathway." | ( A γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase protects Arabidopsis plants from heavy metal toxicity by recycling glutamate to maintain glutathione homeostasis. Chhikara, S; Coomey, J; Dhankher, OP; Jung, HI; Paulose, B; Vatamaniuk, O, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "05 LD50 separately or combined in the same or halved doses." | ( Some considerations concerning the theory of combined toxicity: a case study of subchronic experimental intoxication with cadmium and lead. Beresneva, OY; Katsnelson, BA; Kireyeva, EP; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Valamina, IE; Varaksin, AN, 2014) | 0.61 |
| " In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 value of Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 mixture by the oral route was 2696." | ( Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Dai, S; Jia, R; Li, L; Lu, H; Shu, Y; Song, X; Xu, J; Yin, Z; Yuan, G; Zhao, X, 2014) | 0.66 |
| " Native juveniles Hyalella curvispina were used as test organisms evaluating survival, growth, oxidative stress parameters (SOD; CAT, TBARS) and the electron transport system (ETS) activity as early toxic effect." | ( Biomonitoring toxicity of natural sediments using juvenile Hyalella curvispina (Amphipoda) as test species: evaluation of early effect endpoints. Ferrari, L; Giusto, A; Salibián, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The use of the free ion approach to quantify the toxic effects of Cd and Ni to the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa exposed in soils of different types was explored." | ( Modeling cadmium and nickel toxicity to earthworms with the free ion approach. He, E; Peijnenburg, WJ; Qiu, H; van Gestel, CA; Vijver, MG, 2014) | 0.82 |
| " Most FNPs, however, consist of highly toxic elements such as cadmium, tellurium, selenium, and so on, causing problems in long-term bioimaging because of their cytotoxicity." | ( Cadmium-free sugar-chain-immobilized fluorescent nanoparticles containing low-toxicity ZnS-AgInS2 cores for probing lectin and cells. Kuwabata, S; Mochizuki, E; Nagata, N; Sakamoto, M; Shinchi, H; Suda, Y; Uematsu, T; Wakao, M, 2014) | 2.09 |
| " An increase in the sulphate concentration, in deficient environments, could alleviate the toxic effect of this metal; however, a relative excess is also negative." | ( Sulphate, more than a nutrient, protects the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii from cadmium toxicity. Abalde, J; Mera, R; Torres, E, 2014) | 0.63 |
| "5 mM), alleviated the toxic effects of Cd by increasing the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, GSH and FAME content and decreasing proline and MDA content respectively." | ( Amelioration of Cd toxicity by pretreatment of salicylic acid in Cicer arietinum L. seedlings. Canakci, S; Dursun, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Cd was also toxic to auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons; 100 μM of Cd for 24 h or 10 μM of Cd for 48 h resulted in considerable damage to auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons." | ( Cadmium-induced ototoxicity in rat cochlear organotypic cultures. Ding, D; Jiang, H; Liu, H; Roth, JA; Salvi, R; Sun, H; Wu, X, 2014) | 1.85 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is an important industrial and toxic metal." | ( Influence of the microbial loop on trophodynamics and toxicity of cadmium complexed by cyanobacterium exudates. Lombardi, AT; Nogueira, MM; Nogueira, PF, 2014) | 2.08 |
| " Ionic Cd was the most toxic form to both cell types, followed by CdS QDs and bulk CdS." | ( Cytotoxicity and cellular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of CdS quantum dots in hemocytes and gill cells of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Arostegui, I; Cajaraville, MP; Gilliland, D; Katsumiti, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Considering that cadmium corresponds to the most rapidly increasing trace metal in the environment, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether the exposure (2 and 16 days) of bullfrog tadpoles to this trace metal, at the concentration currently considered environmentally safe (at 1ppb) in class 1 and 2 waters by the Brazilian Environmental Council, can affect the cardiac performance of these animals." | ( Negative impact of a cadmium concentration considered environmentally safe in Brazil on the cardiac performance of bullfrog tadpoles. Abdalla, FC; Carvalho, CS; Costa, MJ; Dal-Medico, SE; Gamero, FU; Rissoli, RZ; Salla, RF; Silva-Zacarin, EC; Victório, JA, 2014) | 1.06 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxic contaminant, which causes serious health-related problems." | ( Impact assessment of cadmium toxicity and its bioavailability in human cell lines (Caco-2 and HL-7702). Aziz, R; Daud, MK; He, Z; Li, T; Liu, D; Lu, L; Rafiq, MT; Yang, J; Yang, X, 2014) | 2.16 |
| " Pretreatment with MEPh was associated with significant reduction in the toxic effects of Cd as shown by reduced testicular levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and caspase-3 expression and increased glutathione content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and testosterone were also increased." | ( Effect of Physalis peruviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Abdel Moneim, AE; Nada, A; Othman, MS; Zaki, HS, 2014) | 0.68 |
| "Cadmium is a heavy metal that can accumulate to toxic levels in the environment leading to detrimental effects in animals and humans including kidney, liver and lung injuries." | ( Gene networks and toxicity pathways induced by acute cadmium exposure in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Barber, DS; Colli-Dula, RC; Denslow, ND; Kroll, KJ; Lavelle, CM; Mehinto, AC; Prucha, MS; Vulpe, CD, 2014) | 2.09 |
| "Dynamic models for toxic effects [toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models] are increasingly used in the analysis of toxicity data for single-chemical exposure." | ( Dynamic modeling of sublethal mixture toxicity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cedergreen, N; Gudmundsdóttir, EM; Jager, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Biochemical responses showed that copper was considerably more toxic than cadmium (P < 0." | ( Cadmium and copper toxicity in three marine macroalgae: evaluation of the biochemical responses and DNA damage. Babu, MY; Devi, VJ; Kumar, SR; Kumaraguru, AK; Nagarani, N; Palanikumar, L; Ramakritinan, CM, 2014) | 2.08 |
| " At concentrations at which no toxic effects can be observed, the functionality of the QDots for fluorescence cell visualization is evaluated, revealing that the higher brightness of QDotZnSe overcomes most of the toxicity issues compared to that of QDotInP." | ( Cytotoxicity of cadmium-free quantum dots and their use in cell bioimaging. Aubert, T; Braeckmans, K; De Smedt, SC; Demeester, J; Hens, Z; Himmelreich, U; Manshian, BB; Soenen, SJ, 2014) | 0.75 |
| " All the soil samples were classified into toxicity class III, which means that they are toxic and present severe danger." | ( Chemical properties and toxicity of soils contaminated by mining activity. Agnieszka, B; Jerzy, W; Tomasz, C, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The interruption of this process has an adverse effect on human health and results in immunodeficiency and autoimmune disease." | ( Evaluation of the adverse effect of low concentration of cadmium on interleukin-4 induced class switch recombination in Burkett's lymphoma Raji cell line. Poltoratsky, V, 2014) | 0.65 |
| "This study was undertaken to investigate combined toxic and genotoxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) on white clover, a pollutant sensitive plant frequently used as environmental bioindicator." | ( The combined toxic and genotoxic effects of Cd and As to plant bioindicator Trifolium repens L. Citterio, S; Fumagalli, P; Gentili, R; Ghiani, A; Nguyen Van, T, 2014) | 0.63 |
| " Dose-response relationships between the algal photosynthetic activity inhibition rates after 48 h and 53 h inhibition and Cd2+ toxic equivalency quantity were further analyzed." | ( [Study on a new method of fast monitoring toxicity of Cd2+ by algal in water]. Duan, JB; Fang, L; Liu, WQ; Xiao, X; Yin, GF; Yu, XY; Zhang, YJ; Zhao, NJ, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Cadmium is a highly toxic metal whose presence in the environment represents a challenge for all forms of life." | ( Deregulation of transition metals homeostasis is a key feature of cadmium toxicity in Salmonella. Ammendola, S; Battistoni, A; Cerasi, M, 2014) | 2.08 |
| "The aim of the study was to determine the impact trace metals, mainly toxic ones, on the condition of eel (Anguilla anguilla) inhabiting four regions of Poland." | ( Mercury toxicity and the protective role of selenium in eel, Anguilla anguilla. Polak-Juszczak, L; Robak, S, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Zinc ions (Zn2+) have been shown to antagonize the toxic effects of heavy metals such as Cd2+ in some systems." | ( Zinc supplementation protects against cadmium accumulation and cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Gao, J; Han, Z; Li, J; Liu, J; Shahzad, M; Sjölinder, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, D, 2014) | 0.67 |
| " The first detectable sign of adverse effects appeared after 7 days of development, when the heart rate decreased in Cd-exposed embryos compared with the control." | ( An assessment of the embryotoxicity of cadmium in the terrestrial mollusk Cantareus aspersus: from bioaccumulation to impacts at different levels of biological organization. Baurand, PE; Capelli, N; de Vaufleury, A; Scheifler, R, 2014) | 0.67 |
| " The results from this introductory study could contribute to the issue of possible adverse effects associated with co-exposure and body burden with two persistent environmental pollutants, Cd and BDE-209." | ( Cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether mixture: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic, prooxidative and genotoxic effects. Ancic, M; Antonijevic, B; Curcic, M; Durgo, K; Kopjar, N; Vucinic, S, 2014) | 1.85 |
| " This study aimed to morphologically and histologically investigate the acute toxic effects of cadmium on green toad, Pseudepidalea variabilis (Pallas, 1769) larvae." | ( Acute toxic effects of cadmium in larvae of the green toad, pseudepidalea variabilis (pallas, 1769) (amphibia: anura). Cetin, A; Gürkan, M; Hayretdaĝ, S, 2014) | 0.93 |
| " Multivariate statistical analysis and mathematical modeling of the metal-mediated proteomic response patterns showed a high correlation between changes in protein expression or phosphorylation and cellular toxic responses to both individual metals and metal mixtures." | ( Systematic proteomic approach to characterize the impacts of chemical interactions on protein and cytotoxicity responses to metal mixture exposures. Andrews, D; Bruno, M; Chen, C; Farraj, A; Ge, Y; Haykal-Coates, N; Leavitt, S; Lefew, W; Ross, JA; Roy, A; Spassova, MA; Swank, A; Teichman, KY; Wallace, K; Winnik, WM; Woodard, J; Xi, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Owing to its significant toxic consequences in plants, Cd has been one of extensively studied metals." | ( Minimising toxicity of cadmium in plants--role of plant growth regulators. Anjum, NA; Asgher, M; Khan, MI; Khan, NA, 2015) | 0.73 |
| " The BLM used in the present study hypothesizes that metals inhibit an essential cation (calcium) and organisms die as a result of its deficiency, leading to an assumption that the proportion of metal-binding ligand (f) is responsible for the toxic effects of metals on the survival of rainbow trout." | ( Testing an application of a biotic ligand model to predict acute toxicity of metal mixtures to rainbow trout. Iwasaki, Y; Kamo, M; Naito, W, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Therefore, since Cd accumulation in Pak choi varied with soil characteristics, they should be considered while assessing the environmental quality of soils to ensure the hygienically safe food production." | ( Phytoavailability of cadmium (Cd) to Pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) grown in Chinese soils: a model to evaluate the impact of soil Cd pollution on potential dietary toxicity. Azam, M; Aziz, R; Li, T; Rafiq, MT; Saghir, A; Stoffella, PJ; Xiao, W; Yang, X, 2014) | 0.72 |
| " fischeri and the joint toxicity is determined by the sum of toxic unit of free metal-ions and free organic ligands." | ( Joint toxicity of tetracycline with copper(II) and cadmium(II) to Vibrio fischeri: effect of complexation reaction. Gu, C; Gu, X; Lee, CC; Tong, F; Zhao, Y, 2015) | 0.67 |
| "Literature to date has confirmed that cadmium (Cd) can accomplish its toxic effects via the free radical-induced damage, but Cd itself cannot generate free radicals directly." | ( The role of nitric oxide synthase in an early phase Cd-induced acute cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Jiang, L; Liu, Q; Lu, W; Wang, L; Xu, L; Zhi, Y; Zhong, L; Zhou, P, 2015) | 0.69 |
| " Studies showed that Cd, in a dose-dependent manner, induced toxic effects in IPRL models, and these effects were associated with aminotransferase activity and lipid peroxidation." | ( Protective effect of magnesium and selenium on cadmium toxicity in the isolated perfused rat liver system. Ghaffarian-Bahraman, A; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Jafari, A; Shahroozian, I, 2014) | 0.66 |
| " This indicated that Cu is more toxic to Chlorella sp." | ( Metallomics and NMR-based metabolomics of Chlorella sp. reveal the synergistic role of copper and cadmium in multi-metal toxicity and oxidative stress. Fu, B; Li, SF; Tan, NG; Zhang, W, 2015) | 0.63 |
| "The adverse effects of microcystin (MC) produced by cyanobacteria have drawn considerable attention from the public." | ( Cadmium toxicity to Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 and its microcystin-lacking mutant. Huang, B; Miao, AJ; Xiao, L; Xu, S; Yang, LY, 2015) | 1.86 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals." | ( Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Chen, W; Narbad, A; Zhai, Q, 2015) | 2.13 |
| " Risk assessments based on individual components tend to underestimate the effects associated with toxic action of mixtures." | ( Joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos, atrazine, and cadmium at lethal concentrations to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Cai, L; Chen, C; Kong, X; Qian, Y; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Yang, G, 2015) | 0.68 |
| " Experiments on rainbow trout, implanted with dorsal aortic catheters for repetitive blood sampling, demonstrated that exposure to Pb alone (26 nmol PbL(-1)) was less toxic than Cd alone (6 nmol CdL(-1)), which was much less toxic to the fish than a Cd plus Pb mixture (7 nmol CdL(-1) plus 45 nmol PbL(-1)), which led to greater than additive 80% mortality by 5d." | ( Effects of Pb plus Cd mixtures on toxicity, and internal electrolyte and osmotic balance in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Clemow, YH; Wilkie, MP, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " A number of studies have suggested that CPF may incur adverse effects on human health, including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and endocrine disruption." | ( Synergistic hepatotoxicity by cadmium and chlorpyrifos: disordered hepatic lipid homeostasis. Guo, W; He, W; Liu, S; Qian, Y; Ren, D; Zhang, S, 2015) | 0.71 |
| "Cadmium is a transition metal ion that is highly toxic in biological systems." | ( Dysregulation of transition metal ion homeostasis is the molecular basis for cadmium toxicity in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Begg, SL; Couñago, RM; Eijkelkamp, BA; Kobe, B; Luo, Z; Maher, MJ; McDevitt, CA; McEwan, AG; Morey, JR; O'Mara, ML; Ong, CL; Paton, JC, 2015) | 2.09 |
| "It has previously been shown that certain halophytes can grow and produce biomass despite of the contamination of their saline biotopes with toxic metals." | ( NaCl alleviates Cd toxicity by changing its chemical forms of accumulation in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum. Abdelly, C; Fourati, E; Ghabriche, R; Ghnaya, T; Hmaeid, N; Poschenrieder, C; Wali, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " obliquus) were studied using the standard toxic testing methods." | ( [Combined toxicity of cadmium and S-metolachlor to Scenedesmus obliquus]. Chen, CD; Hu, XN; Liu, HJ; Zhang, XQ, 2015) | 0.73 |
| "The present study examined the available literature linking whole-body tissue concentrations with toxic effects in fish species for copper and cadmium." | ( Tissue concentrations as the dose metric to assess potential toxic effects of metals in field-collected fish: Copper and cadmium. Meador, JP, 2015) | 0.83 |
| " To achieve a mechanistic interpretation of such toxic effects, the intricate coupling between cell growth kinetics and metal partitioning dynamics at the cell-solution interface over time must be considered on a quantitative level." | ( Dynamics of Metal Partitioning at the Cell-Solution Interface: Implications for Toxicity Assessment under Growth-Inhibiting Conditions. Duval, JF; Fortin, C; Lavoie, M; Paquet, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Compared with the 18-hour exposure, the 70-hour exposure induced a 20-fold higher toxic response with regard to developmental competence and a more 'cadmium-typical' transcript expression." | ( Optimisation of the bovine whole in vitro embryo system as a sentinel for toxicity screening: a cadmium challenge. Bols, PE; Goossens, K; Hagenaars, A; Jorssen, EP; Knapen, D; Leroy, JL; Peelman, L; Petro, E; Van Poucke, M; Vergauwen, L, 2015) | 0.83 |
| " Spm or Spd alleviated the adverse effects of Cd stress to convergent degrees." | ( Modulation of cadmium toxicity and enhancing cadmium-tolerance in wheat seedlings by exogenous application of polyamines. Hemida, KA; Rady, MM, 2015) | 0.78 |
| "With increasing application and commercial production, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will inevitably be released into aquatic environments and affect the transport and toxicity of toxic metals in ecosystems." | ( Reduced cadmium accumulation and toxicity in Daphnia magna under carbon nanotube exposure. Liu, J; Wang, WX, 2015) | 0.85 |
| "Cadmium is one of the most toxic metal compounds found in the environment." | ( SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and salvage by melatonin. Cao, Z; Duan, W; Guo, P; He, M; Li, M; Li, Y; Liu, C; Lu, Y; Pi, H; Reiter, RJ; Tian, L; Xie, J; Xu, S; Yu, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, R; Zhou, Z, 2015) | 2.13 |
| "Cadmium, a highly toxic environmental pollutant, is reported to induce toxicity and apoptosis in multiple organs and cells, all possibly contributing to apoptosis in certain pathophysiologic situations." | ( Cadmium toxicity induces ER stress and apoptosis via impairing energy homoeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Chen, CY; Liu, ZY; Sun, Q; Tian, Y; Zhang, SL, 2015) | 3.3 |
| " Cd can also lead to various renal toxic damage such as the proximal tubules and glomerulus dysfunction." | ( Thymoquinone Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Rats is Based on its Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidant Properties. Aktas, C; Bozdemir Donmez, Y; Erboga, M; Fidanol Erboga, Z; Gurel, A; Kanter, M; Sener, U, 2016) | 0.74 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a highly ubiquitous toxic heavy metal, can contaminate the environment, including agricultural soil, water and air, via industrial runoff and other sources of pollution." | ( Calcium Signaling Involvement in Cadmium-Induced Astrocyte Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Through Activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Chai, RC; Gao, K; Ge, G; Jia, XH; Jiang, JH; Kong, JG; Pang, Y; Yu, AC, 2015) | 2.14 |
| " Inhibition to root elongation was the endpoint used to quantify the toxic response." | ( Incorporating bioavailability into toxicity assessment of Cu-Ni, Cu-Cd, and Ni-Cd mixtures with the extended biotic ligand model and the WHAM-F(tox) approach. He, E; Liu, Y; Peijnenburg, WJ; Qiu, H; Smolders, E; Versieren, L; Vijver, MG; Wang, P; Xia, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as 1 of the most toxic metals and is a common contaminant in the aquatic system." | ( Cadmium potentiates toxicity of cypermethrin in zebrafish. He, B; Liu, J; Yang, Y; Ye, X, 2016) | 2.79 |
| " By combining information of mixture effects on metal uptake with mixture toxicity data, the present study provides more insight in the way metal mixtures interfere with aquatic organisms and how they can induce toxic effects." | ( Uptake and toxicity of Cd, Cu and Pb mixtures in the isopod Asellus aquaticus from waterborne exposure. Bervoets, L; Blust, R; De Jonge, M; Van Ginneken, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The high concentration of metal content would be toxic to the cell because metal ions can act as oxidants and bind to organic and protein molecules." | ( Toxicity and Traces of Hg, Pb and Cd in the Hepatopancreas, Gills and Muscles of Perna viridis from Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Irnidayanti, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The JNK pathway, and particularly the downstream effector c-Jun, appears to play an important role in regulating cell survival and differentiation in mouse embryo limb bud cells both in the presence and absence of the toxic metal cadmium." | ( Reduction in cadmium-induced toxicity by c-Jun modulation in mouse embryo limb bud cells. Cheng, L; Kapron, CM, 2015) | 0.97 |
| " The obtained results suggest that drinking tea could be an effective method of reducing the adverse effect of environmental Cd and Pb pollution on the human body." | ( The potential protective effect of green, black, red and white tea infusions against adverse effect of cadmium and lead during chronic exposure - A rat model study. Winiarska-Mieczan, A, 2015) | 0.63 |
| " Accordingly Fe transporters and receptors for protein-bound Fe are expressed in the nephron that may also function as entry pathways for toxic metals, such as cadmium (Cd), by way of "ionic and molecular mimicry"." | ( Iron transport in the kidney: implications for physiology and cadmium nephrotoxicity. Thévenod, F; Wolff, NA, 2016) | 0.87 |
| "Mining is an economically important activity in Colombia which generates large quantities of residues containing potentially toxic elements such as heavy metals." | ( [Genotoxic effects in a human population exposed to heavy metals in the region of La Mojana, Colombia, 2013]. Calao, CR; Marrugo, JL, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " While several studies have attempted to evaluate the toxicity of QDs towards neural cells, the in vivo toxic effects on the nervous system and the molecular mechanisms are unclear." | ( MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots exposure causes neurotoxic effects in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting the transporters and receptors of glutamate, serotonin and dopamine at the genetic level, or by increasing ROS, or both. Ang, S; He, K; Tang, M; Wu, T; Xue, Y; Ying, J; Zhan, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, T, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Plant yield and photosynthetic performance was the highest in the aquatic environment; however, the presence of toxic metals (TM) negatively affected photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry as shown by the JIP test." | ( Metal toxicity differently affects the Iris pseudacorus-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis in terrestrial and semi-aquatic habitats. Anielska, T; Błaszkowski, J; Gołuszka, K; Rozpądek, P; Turnau, K; Wężowicz, K; Zhebrak, I, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Toxicity tests were performed with mixtures of Ni and 1) Cd, which is considerably more toxic than Ni; 2) Cu, which is less toxic than Cd but more toxic than Ni; and 3) Zn, which has a toxicity threshold similar to Ni." | ( A test of the additivity of acute toxicity of binary-metal mixtures of ni with Cd, Cu, and Zn to Daphnia magna, using the inflection point of the concentration-response curves. Meyer, JS; Ranville, JF; Smith, SA; Traudt, EM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major transitional metals that have toxic effects on aquatic organisms." | ( Effect of cadmium-polluted diet on growth, salinity stress, hepatotoxicity of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Protective effect of Zn(II)-curcumin. Chen, M; Chen, SJ; Liu, YJ; Niu, J; Tian, LX; Xu, DH; Yu, YY, 2016) | 2.28 |
| " It was proposed that Pb toxicity (the metal responsible for the toxic symptoms under the conditions tested) result from the combination of an ionic mechanism and the intracellular ROS accumulation." | ( Toxicity Induced by a Metal Mixture (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Mesquita, VA; Silva, CF; Soares, EV, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global problem, which causes irreversible toxic effects on animals." | ( Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. Chin Lee, S; Liu, Y; Sun, M; Ting Li, Y; Wang, L, 2016) | 2.11 |
| "To date, the effects of ocean acidification on toxic metals accumulation and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown in marine bivalve species." | ( Ocean acidification increases cadmium accumulation in marine bivalves: a potential threat to seafood safety. Chai, X; Che, Z; Han, Y; Liu, G; Shi, W; Zhao, X, 2016) | 0.72 |
| "The liver is a target for toxic chemicals such as cadmium (Cd)." | ( Histological and immunohistochemical effects of Curcuma longa on activation of rat hepatic stellate cells after cadmium induced hepatotoxicity. El-Mansy, AA; El-Mohandes, EA; Hamed, WS; Mazroa, SA; Yaseen, AH, 2016) | 0.9 |
| "It is important to know the mechanisms for forage development, especially those related to the tolerance of potentially toxic elements, when considering their use in phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated areas." | ( Availability and toxicity of cadmium to forage grasses grown in contaminated soil. Alleoni, LR; Fonseca, FG; Grazziotti, PH; Nardis, BO; Nascimento, SS; Silva, EB, 2016) | 0.73 |
| " In this study, the accumulation and toxicity of mixed essential (Cu) and nonessential (Cd and Pb) metals in zebrafish larvae exposed to a binary mixture of these elements at environmentally relevant concentrations were predicted using a refined toxicokinetic (TK)-toxicodynamic (TD) model aided with biotic ligand model (BLM) and toxic equivalent factor (TEF) approach." | ( Application of biotic ligand and toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling to predict the accumulation and toxicity of metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Han, F; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " japonica inoculated with Gv/Ri would provide a clue for safe production of this plant from Cd-contaminated soils." | ( Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce Cd uptake and alleviate Cd toxicity of Lonicera japonica grown in Cd-added soils? Jiang, QY; Jing, YX; Li, SS; Long, SH; Yang, DJ; Ye, ZH; Zhao, HD; Zhuo, F, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In the present study, the toxic effects of Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus were examined in the presence of two artificial sweeteners (ASs), acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) by comparing the cell specific growth rate μ and pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) parameters (maximal photosystem II photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm, actual photochemical efficiency Yield, and non-photochemical quenching NPQ) of the algae over a 96-h period." | ( Effects of artificial sweeteners on metal bioconcentration and toxicity on a green algae Scenedesmus obliquus. Deng, Y; Fan, Y; Gan, Z; Hu, H; Sun, H; Yao, Y; Zhang, P; Zhu, H, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The effect of this inhibition was that when the concentration of sulphate increased, a lower toxic effect of cadmium on the growth and on the content of chlorophylls was observed." | ( Influence of sulphate on the reduction of cadmium toxicity in the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Abalde, J; Mera, R; Torres, E, 2016) | 0.91 |
| " Interestingly, a metal like Pb becomes toxic to organisms through the depletion of antioxidants while Cd indirectly generates ROS by its ability to replace iron and copper." | ( A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment. Cobbina, SJ; Mao, G; Wu, X; Xu, H; Yang, L; Zhang, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This paper reviews the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd in a rice paddy." | ( Cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review. Adrees, M; Ali, S; Hafeez, F; Hannan, F; Ok, YS; Qayyum, MF; Rizvi, H; Rizwan, M; Zia-Ur-Rehman, M, 2016) | 1.88 |
| " Three models (models I, II, and III) were compared in the present study to predict and interpret the toxicity exerted by binary metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae, with the assumption of competition between metals based on the biotic ligand model and toxic potencies of individual metals." | ( Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of 3 modeling approaches. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Cd could cause adverse effects on kidney, bone, lung and reproductive system." | ( [Adverse effects of low dose exposures to cadmium below renal damage level should be emphasized for human health effect studies]. Wu, YN; Yang, XF, 2016) | 0.7 |
| ", Cd was less toxic to the youngest neonates) and the EC50 of neonates aged 10 h to 14 h was intermediate." | ( Effect of age on acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in individual-metal exposures to Daphnia magna neonates. Meyer, JS; Ranville, JF; Traudt, EM, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " These results suggest that the toxic effects of Cd observed during development are mediated by the disruption of Zn metabolism, which is established in mothers during pregnancy causing Zn deficiency in fetuses and continues to become more pronounced during lactation." | ( Protective role of zinc against the toxicity induced by exposure to cadmium during gestation and lactation on testis development. Boughammoura, S; Chemek, M; Delbès, G; Messaoudi, I; Mimouna, SB, 2016) | 0.67 |
| " The hypothesis was that toxic mixture effects on plant growth are better explained by biochemical parameters than by exposure information, because the former excludes interactions among metals for root uptake." | ( Mixture toxicity of copper, cadmium, and zinc to barley seedlings is not explained by antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. AbdElgawad, H; Asard, H; Evers, S; Smolders, E; Versieren, L, 2017) | 0.75 |
| "As an essential element, selenium (Se) is beneficial at low levels yet toxic at high levels." | ( A low level of dietary selenium has both beneficial and toxic effects and is protective against Cd-toxicity in the least killifish Heterandria formosa. Cazan, AM; Chen, H; Dong, W; Klerks, PL; Wu, X; Xie, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this paper, we reviewed studies on the toxicity of arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium, the toxic metals of most concern to human health, focusing on the potential risks to newborns and infants." | ( Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: Toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants. Caldas, ED; Rebelo, FM, 2016) | 0.96 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) has known to produce many adverse effects on organs including placenta." | ( Increasing CACNA1C expression in placenta containing high Cd level: an implication of Cd toxicity. Cheunchoojit, S; Hipkaeo, W; Phuapittayalert, L; Saenganantakarn, P; Sakulsak, N; Supanpaiboon, W, 2016) | 1.88 |
| " For a long time, the reactive α, β-carbonyl ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal (CH3COCHO; MG) has been regarded as merely a toxic metabolite in plants, but, now, emerging as a signal molecule in plants." | ( Methylglyoxal alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Duan, XQ; Li, ZG; Min, X; Wang, Y; Xia, YM; Zhou, ZH, 2017) | 0.76 |
| " We found a change in cell viability after 24h incubation with all tested toxic compounds." | ( Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin production negatively correlates with HK-2 cell impairment: Evaluation of NGAL as a marker of toxicity in HK-2 cells. Čapek, J; Flídr, P; Hauschke, M; Libra, A; Roušar, T; Roušarová, E, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The information presented offers strategies for mitigation of toxic effects of Cd through minimization of the food-chain transfer of Cd, and modulation of mechanistic pathways altered by Cd exposure." | ( Kidney Cadmium Toxicity, Diabetes and High Blood Pressure: The Perfect Storm. Gobe, GC; Satarug, S; Vesey, DA, 2017) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal and has spread widely in the environment in recent decades." | ( Toxicity of cadmium and its health risks from leafy vegetable consumption. Guo, J; He, C; Huang, Y; Mubeen, S; Shen, C; Yang, Z; Yuan, J, 2017) | 2.28 |
| " Moreover, gene transfer of the master autophagy regulator TFEB results in the clearance of toxic proteins and the correction of Cd-induced neurotoxicity in vivo." | ( Enhancing lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux by activating the transcription factor EB protects against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. Li, M; Pi, H; Tian, L; Yang, Z; Yu, Z; Zhou, Z, 2017) | 0.67 |
| "Modeling shows that dietary intake levels for Cd exceed the levels associated with kidney damage and many other adverse outcomes." | ( Health Risk Assessment of Dietary Cadmium Intake: Do Current Guidelines Indicate How Much is Safe? Gobe, GC; Satarug, S; Vesey, DA, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " Besides, co-exposure to 1H-BTR not only reduced the acute toxic effects induced by Cd, but also alleviated the Cd-induced liver atrophy in transgenic fish." | ( Hepatotoxicity of benzotriazole and its effect on the cadmium induced toxicity in zebrafish Danio rerio. Duan, Z; Feng, Z; Gong, Z; Li, C; Sun, H; Wang, L; Xing, Y; Zhang, H, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " These results suggest that the observed toxic effects of Cd are, at least in part, mediated by the disruption of maternal Zn metabolism during pregnancy leading to Zn depletion and thus to perturbation of prenatal bone formation." | ( Involvement of Zn Depletion in Cd-Induced Toxicity on Prenatal Bone Formation in Rat. Banni, M; Boughammoura, S; Chemek, M; Messaoudi, I; Mimouna, SB, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Malic acid (MA) plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, stomatal aperture, nutrition elements homeostasis and toxic metals tolerance." | ( Exogenous malic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in Miscanthus sacchariflorus through enhancing photosynthetic capacity and restraining ROS accumulation. Chen, H; Guo, H; Hong, C; Jiang, D; Zheng, B, 2017) | 0.74 |
| " The potentially toxic metal concentrations reported in Pleasant Grove Creek should be used in the 303 (d) listing process for impaired water bodies in California." | ( Spatiotemporal trend analysis of metal concentrations in sediments of a residential California stream with toxicity and regulatory implications. Anderson, RD; Hall, LW; Killen, WD, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Information regarding the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAP-Cd) on the growth of crop plants remain limited." | ( Toxic effect of cadmium adsorbed by different sizes of nano-hydroxyapatite on the growth of rice seedlings. Huang, Y; Qiu, W; Song, Z; Yu, Z, 2017) | 1.06 |
| " Toxic effects of REEs on humans have been extensively studied, but their toxic effects and binding targets in cells are not understood." | ( Toxic effects of environmental rare earth elements on delayed outward potassium channels and their mechanisms from a microscopic perspective. Cheng, M; Du, C; He, J; Huang, X; Wang, L; Wei, H; Xia, A; Yang, Q; Zhou, Q, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " subtilis was classified as a non-human pathogenic strain, reassuring the safe application of this plant growth-promoting bacterium as a crop inoculum." | ( Effect of microorganisms on reducing cadmium uptake and toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Dhurakit, P; Khaksar, G; Thiravetyan, P; Treesubsuntorn, C, 2018) | 0.75 |
| "Development of comparative toxicity potentials of cationic metals in soils for applications in hazard ranking and toxic impact assessment is currently jeopardized by the availability of experimental effect data." | ( Limitations of experiments performed in artificially made OECD standard soils for predicting cadmium, lead and zinc toxicity towards organisms living in natural soils. Cedergreen, N; Chrzanowski, Ł; Owsianiak, M; Sydow, M, 2017) | 0.67 |
| "Cadmium is a heavy metal that causes oxidative stress and has toxic effects in humans." | ( Protective effects of synbiotic diets of Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and inulin against acute cadmium toxicity in rats. Eskandari, MH; Ghaisari, HR; Jafarpour, D; Nazifi, S; Sajedianfard, J; Shekarforoush, SS, 2017) | 2.11 |
| " To give the reader an overview of the possible mechanisms involved in the multiple organ toxic effects in fetuses after the exposure to Cd during pregnancy, we decided to compile some of the most relevant experimental studies performed in experimental models and to summarize the advances in this field such as the Cd distribution and the factors that could alter it (diet, binding-proteins and membrane transporters), the Cd-induced toxicity in dams (preeclampsia, fertility, kidney injury, alteration in essential element homeostasis and bone mineralization), in placenta and in fetus (teratogenicity, central nervous system, liver and kidney)." | ( Cadmium Handling, Toxicity and Molecular Targets Involved during Pregnancy: Lessons from Experimental Models. Barbier, O; Jacobo-Estrada, T; Santoyo-Sánchez, M; Thévenod, F, 2017) | 1.9 |
| "The toxic effects induced by Cd include many specific mechanisms, such as the oxidative stress, cellular death and inflammation." | ( Cadmium, Organ Toxicity and Therapeutic Approaches: A Review on Brain, Kidney and Testis Damage. Adamo, EB; Altavilla, D; Marini, H; Micali, A; Minutoli, L; Pisani, A; Puzzolo, D; Rinaldi, M; Squadrito, F; Trichilo, V, 2017) | 1.9 |
| " Zaria plants under the toxic levels of Cd (0, 40, 80 and 120mg/kg soil) were studied." | ( Root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica affected growth, cadmium partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower under cadmium toxicity. Aliloo, AA; Parvaneh, A; Shahabivand, S, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " The future research opportunities mentioned in the conclusion of review will help researchers to explore new avenues, methodologies, and approaches to the issue of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines, thereby generating new regulations and proposing fresh approach towards safe use of these medicines." | ( Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. Bolan, NS; Bolan, S; Choppala, G; Kirkham, MB; Kunhikrishnan, A; Li, CG; Li, F; Naidu, R; Noller, B; Ok, YS; Seshadri, B; Zhang, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Here, a combination of physiological and molecular approaches was utilized in GSH-Cd treated maize seedlings, which revealed that GSH reversed the adverse effects of Cd, as reflected by plant growth, plant hormones, vacuole, stoma development, gene expression, etc." | ( Glutathione-induced alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Zea mays. Cao, F; Hao, P; Li, M, 2017) | 0.73 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and widely distributed heavy metal that induces various diseases in humans through environmental exposure." | ( Sulforaphane mitigates cadmium-induced toxicity pattern in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. Alkharashi, NAO; Alshatwi, AA; Athinarayanan, J; Periasamy, VS, 2017) | 2.21 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and excess copper (Cu) are toxic to plants, causing a wide range of deleterious effects including the formation of reactive oxygen species." | ( H₂O₂ Is Involved in the Metallothionein-Mediated Rice Tolerance to Copper and Cadmium Toxicity. Hou, D; Li, Y; Lv, S; Wang, F; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2017) | 2.13 |
| " We found that FeSSi particles with Cd sorbed onto them are an order of magnitude more toxic than FeSSi alone." | ( Remediation of Cadmium Toxicity by Sulfidized Nano-Iron: The Importance of Organic Material. Adeleye, AS; Keller, AA; Nisbet, RM; Stevenson, LM; Su, Y; Zhang, Y, 2017) | 0.81 |
| "Heavy metals are considered some of the most toxic environmental pollutants." | ( Comparative In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, and Methylmercury) on HT-22 Hippocampal Cell Line. Karri, V; Kumar, V; Oliveira, E; Ramos, D; Schuhmacher, M, 2018) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can affect human and animal health." | ( The Protective Effect of Selenium on the Chicken Pancreas against Cadmium Toxicity via Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. Cui, Y; Jia, T; Li, S; Lin, H; Liu, R, 2018) | 2.16 |
| " The impact of nanomaterials or nanomaterials coexisting with other contaminants on aquatic organisms has been reported, but information on the toxic effects of nanomaterial-adsorbed cadmium (Nano-Cd) on aquatic organisms is lacking." | ( Toxic effects of nanomaterial-adsorbed cadmium on Daphnia magna. Gao, M; Lv, M; Lv, Y; Song, W; Zhang, Z, 2018) | 0.94 |
| " Acute toxicity tests revealed that among the metals detected in Chiricahua leopard frog habitat, copper was toxic at concentrations lower than those observed in the environment." | ( Toxicity of Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc to the Threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates [Rana] chiricahuensis). Calfee, RD; Little, EE, 2017) | 0.83 |
| " Treatment of Cd-exposed mice with DMSA or Sal restored the levels of the renal and hepatic functional markers and significantly decreased the concentration of the toxic metal ion in both organs." | ( Ameliorative effect of the anticancer agent salinomycin on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and renal dysfunction in mice. Gluhcheva, Y; Ivanova, J; Kamenova, K; Stoykova, S; Vladov, I, 2018) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that poses a great threat to human health, while silicon (Si) is a beneficial element and has been shown to have a mitigation effect on plants under Cd toxicity." | ( Silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) by reducing cadmium ion uptake and enhancing antioxidative capacity. Han, D; Li, X; Liu, Y; Shi, Z; Yang, S; Zhang, B; Zhou, Z, 2018) | 2.25 |
| " Toxic (Cd) as well as essential (Zn, Cu, Mn) TM bind strongly to HA, but how these organo-metalic forms influence metal uptake by plants is poorly understood." | ( Humic acids decrease uptake and distribution of trace metals, but not the growth of radish exposed to cadmium toxicity. Ondrasek, G; Rengel, Z; Romic, D, 2018) | 0.7 |
| " The efficiency of probiotics in at least partial prevention of the local (intestinal) and systemic toxic effects of cadmium confirms the role of altered gut physiology in Cd toxicity." | ( Gut as a target for cadmium toxicity. Aaseth, J; Cherkasov, SV; Gritsenko, VA; Skalnaya, MG; Skalny, AV; Tinkov, AA, 2018) | 1.01 |
| " Proteomic analysis revealed that Cd treatment had several toxic effects including depressed nutrient absorption, dysfunction in cellular redox homeostasis and metabolism, and oxidative stress, resulting in growth retardation and reproduction limitation in this copepod species." | ( Quantitative Shotgun Proteomics Associates Molecular-Level Cadmium Toxicity Responses with Compromised Growth and Reproduction in a Marine Copepod under Multigenerational Exposure. Lee, JS; Wang, M; Zhang, C, 2018) | 0.72 |
| "Cd is a hazardous substance and carcinogen that is present in the environment; it is known to cause toxic effects in living organisms." | ( Assessment of sulforaphane-induced protective mechanisms against cadmium toxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells. Alkharashi, NAO; Alshatwi, AA; Athinarayanan, J; Periasamy, VS, 2018) | 0.72 |
| " In conclusion, the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is affected by the toxic effects of the heavy metals in Al-Gharbiya Governorate in Egypt and this gives an alarm and should be taken into consideration." | ( Comparative study on the toxic effects of some heavy metals on the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in the Middle Delta, Egypt. Alm-Eldeen, AA; Alzahaby, S; Donia, T, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " However, its potential interactions with companying toxic metals and the associated mixture effects are largely unknown." | ( Toxicity interactions between manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) in a model organism the nematode C. elegans. Lenz, KA; Lu, C; Ma, H; Pattison, C; Svoboda, KR, 2018) | 0.72 |
| " The aim of this study is to investigate the influences of MPs on the tissue-accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in zebrafish and explore the related chronic toxic effects induced by combined exposure of Cd and MPs." | ( Influence of microplastics on the accumulation and chronic toxic effects of cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio). An, H; Lu, K; Qiao, R; Zhang, Y, 2018) | 0.93 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants and animals, making it necessary to develop strategies that seek to reduce its introduction into food chains." | ( Selenium and silicon reduce cadmium uptake and mitigate cadmium toxicity in Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen plants by activation antioxidant enzyme system. Bernardy, D; Bernardy, K; Dorneles, AOS; Dressler, VL; Pereira, AS; Possebom, G; Rossato, LV; Sasso, VM; Tabaldi, LA, 2018) | 2.22 |
| " The adverse effects that these compounds exert on health are quite complex and difficult to elucidate, in that they act at different levels and there are various signaling pathways that are implicated in the mechanisms of damage." | ( Toxic Effect of Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic on the Sertoli Cell: Mechanisms of Damage Involved. Bassol-Mayagoitia, S; Hernández-Ibarra, JA; Nava-Hernández, MP; Ramos-Treviño, J; Ruiz-Flores, P, 2018) | 0.83 |
| " Natural compounds with chelating or antioxidant properties have been tested to reduce the toxic effect of Cd." | ( Comparative whole genome transcriptome analysis and fenugreek leaf extract modulation on cadmium‑induced toxicity in liver cells. Ahkinyala, CA; Badisa, VLD; Kent-First, M; Latinwo, LM; Lyles, RL; Odewumi, C, 2018) | 0.7 |
| " Natural medicines have a variety of advantages such as extensive sources, high safety, less adverse reactions, and thus have great potentials in treating cadmium poisoning." | ( [Recent research progress on natural medicines in treatment of cadmium toxicity]. Ding, T; Luo, JY; Yang, MH; Yang, SH, 2018) | 0.92 |
| " The flux of dissolved metals, particularly Cu, from shallow pore water to surface water likely exposes prime ELS sturgeon habitat to toxic conditions." | ( Potential Toxicity of Dissolved Metal Mixtures (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) to Early Life Stage White Sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus) in the Upper Columbia River, Washington, United States. Balistrieri, LS; Calfee, RD; Cox, SE; Mebane, CA; Puglis, HJ; Wang, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The draft Adverse Outcome Pathway was improved." | ( High-throughput gene expression in soil invertebrate embryos - Mechanisms of Cd toxicity in Enchytraeus crypticus. Amorim, MJB; Bicho, RC; Gomes, SIL; Gonçalves, MFM; Roca, CP; Scott-Fordsmand, JJ; Soares, AMVM, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Hence, we compared the toxic effect of Cd to small heterotrophic protists in soil microcosms and liquid culture." | ( Toxicity of cadmium and zinc to small soil protists. Ekelund, F; Johansen, JL; Rønn, R, 2018) | 0.86 |
| "The study investigated the potential of ensuring safe production of rice from paddy fields affected by heavy cadmium contamination." | ( [Potential to Ensure Safe Production from Rice Fields Polluted with Heavy Cadmium by Combining a Rice Variety with Low Cadmium Accumulation, Humic Acid, and Sepiolite]. Fang, ZP; Huang, XH; Huang, Y; Liao, M; Xie, XM, 2018) | 0.92 |
| "Recently, the growing attention of the scientific community has been focused on the threat to health created by environmental pollutants, including toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), and on the need of finding effective ways to prevent and treat the unfavorable health effects of exposure to them." | ( Review of polyphenol-rich products as potential protective and therapeutic factors against cadmium hepatotoxicity. Brzóska, MM; Mężyńska, M, 2019) | 0.93 |
| " In general, the eventual adverse effects of metals on biota are expected to be a consequence of the interplay between chemical speciation in the exposure medium, timescale of exposure, exposure route as well as the nature and timescale of the biotic handling pathways." | ( The interplay between chemical speciation and physiology determines the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) to Caenorhabditis elegans. Blust, R; Husson, SJ; Joosen, S; Moyson, S; Town, RM, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " With increasing concentration of dHA, the toxic effects decreased, and the free Zn concentrations detected by the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method also decreased." | ( Influences of dissolved humic acid on Zn bioavailability and its consequences for thyroid toxicity. Ai, Y; Li, J; Liu, Y; Teng, Y; Yang, J; Zuo, R, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "5 g/L FA significantly mitigate Cd-induced toxic symptoms in lettuce seedlings." | ( Exogenous foliar application of fulvic acid alleviate cadmium toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Shen, Z; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Yang, R; Zheng, J, 2019) | 0.76 |
| "5% HCl + 70% ethanol, and the nicotine completely recovered via steam distillation, whereas the protein content remained unaffected in the leaves, thus making them safe for use as animal feed." | ( Phytoextraction of Cd from a contaminated soil by tobacco and safe use of its metal-enriched biomass. Ge, Y; Tu, P; Wang, K; Yang, Y; Zeng, H; Zeng, Q; Zhou, X; Zou, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Acute and long-term (3-, 10- and 56-day exposure) laboratory toxicity tests were carried out to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens." | ( Combined toxic effects and DNA damage to two plant species exposed to binary metal mixtures (Cd/Pb). Bernard, F; Cuny, D; Deram, A; Devred, I; Dumez, S; Hayet, A; Lanier, C; Leclercq-Dransart, J; Lemière, S; Nesslany, F; Platel, A; Vandenbulcke, F, 2019) | 0.71 |
| "The toxic mechanism of cadmium-quantum dots (Cd-QDs) to organisms is still debating." | ( Kidney Toxicity and Response of Selenium Containing Protein-glutathione Peroxidase (Gpx3) to CdTe QDs on Different Levels. Liu, R; Zhang, H; Zhao, L; Zong, W, 2019) | 0.82 |
| " To address these limitations, efforts to identify sublethal endpoints that increase FET test sensitivity and allow for the prediction of sublethal adverse effects have begun." | ( Identifying sublethal endpoints for evaluating neurotoxic compounds utilizing the fish embryo toxicity test. Jeffries, MKS; Krzykwa, JC; Saeid, A, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) often co-occur in the environment, and the critical body residue of organisms is used as an indicator of the toxic effects of contaminants." | ( Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits the accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in subcellular fractions of Eisenia fetida. Han, L; Hu, F; Li, H; Norton, JM; Xu, L; Zhang, L; Zhao, C; Zhou, L, 2019) | 2.2 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitously distributed environmental pollutant that is highly toxic to liver." | ( Trehalose prevents cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by blocking Nrf2 pathway, restoring autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Fan, RF; Gong, ZG; Wang, JH; Wang, L; Wang, XY, 2019) | 2.29 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal for both animals and plants." | ( Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. Chen, D; Jia, L; Lin, X; Lin, Y; Long, J; Song, Y; Xue, R; Zeng, R, 2019) | 2.21 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and toxic metal and easily absorbed by animals and plants; subsequently, it is an environmental risk factor with several toxic effects in humans and animals." | ( The potential modulatory role of herbal additives against Cd toxicity in human, animal, and poultry: a review. Abd El-Hack, ME; Alagawany, M; Elnesr, SS; Khafaga, AF; Taha, AE, 2019) | 1.96 |
| " As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels." | ( Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. Camats-Perna, J; Huat, TJ; Kitazawa, M; Medeiros, R; Newcombe, EA; Valmas, N, 2019) | 0.71 |
| " To examine whether these microfluidic chips can be used for toxicity test on microalgae, single and joint toxic effects of heavy metals (copper, mercury, zinc, and cadmium) were examined on line." | ( Computer-aided design of microfluidic resistive network using circuit partition and CFD-based optimization and application in microalgae assessment for marine ecological toxicity. Han, B; Lu, L; Wang, Y; Wei, J; Yang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zheng, G, 2019) | 0.71 |
| " We believe that dietary salt products are safe at retail, and the long-term dietary exposure of cooking salts will not pose any significant health risk." | ( Is the Cooking Salt Safe in China? Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Cooking Salt. Jia, X; Wang, Z; Zhou, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " To uncover the toxic alleviation effects of SA on potato plants to cadmium (Cd) stress, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense system were assayed in potato plants under 200 μM Cd stress in 1/2 Hoagland solution with foliar application of 600 μM SA concentration (10 ml/plant)." | ( Foliar application of salicylic acid alleviate the cadmium toxicity by modulation the reactive oxygen species in potato. Guan, C; Ji, J; Li, Q; Wang, G; Wang, Y, 2019) | 1 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), as one of the most toxic heavy metals, has become a widespread environmental contaminant and threats the food quality and safety." | ( Selenium Mitigates Cadmium-Induced Adverse Effects on Trace Elements and Amino Acids Profiles in Chicken Pectoral Muscles. Fan, RF; Li, HQ; Qu, KC; Tang, KK; Wang, ZY, 2020) | 2.33 |
| " Nonetheless, an urgent need exists for further assessment of the potential toxic effects in vivo." | ( An Integrated Multilevel Analysis Profiling Biosafety and Toxicity Induced by Indium- and Cadmium-Based Quantum Dots in Vivo. Allocca, M; Ambrosone, A; Bauduin, A; De Trizio, L; Mattera, L; Miedziak, B; Moros, M; Reiss, P; Tino, A; Tortiglione, C, 2019) | 0.74 |
| " Two major genetic factors that are discussed include genetic polymorphisms in plasma membrane transporters that catalyze uptake and accumulation or efflux and elimination of environmental chemicals, and genetic polymorphisms in bioactivation enzymes that generate toxic and reactive metabolites." | ( Environmental and Genetic Factors Influencing Kidney Toxicity. Lash, LH, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " It also has an exceptionally narrow range between necessary and toxic concentrations, which is a well-known hindrance in its use as a dietary supplement." | ( The Role of Selenium in Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity: an Updated Review of Scientific Literature. Zwolak, I, 2020) | 0.83 |
| " To clarify the joint toxicity of the mixtures of metals and organic pollutants, as well as the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in field water-body on their toxic effects, we conducted the toxicity tests with cadmium (Cd) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on Scenedesmus obliquus (S." | ( Influence of humic substances on the toxic effects of cadmium and SDBS to the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Duan, X; Si, X; Wang, S; Yang, R; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J, 2019) | 0.95 |
| " In this review, applications of cadmium-containing QDs in bio-medicine fields and their toxic effects on different cells, such as liver cells, kidney cells, lung cells, nervous system cells and fibroblast cells, were introduced." | ( Research Advances on Cytotoxicity of Cadmium-Containing Quantum Dots. Liang, X; Tang, M, 2019) | 1.07 |
| " The TD sub-model further indicated that metal concentrations in the gill may effectively act as more suitable indicator of Cd and Pb toxic effect than whole body or other organs." | ( Physiologically based toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (PBTK-TD) modelling of Cd and Pb exposure in adult zebrafish Danio rerio: Accumulation and toxicity. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Liu, X; Qu, L; Zhang, Y; Zhu, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The two principal objectives of the present work were to: 1) study the short term (5 h) toxic effects of cadmium on Synechocystis PCC6803 under three different culturing light intensity conditions; and, 2) investigate the effects of light history on Cd toxicity to Synechocystis." | ( Influence of light intensity on cadmium uptake and toxicity in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Dai, G; Du, J; Juneau, P; Pedrosa Gomes, M; Qiu, B, 2019) | 1.01 |
| "Mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are the major toxic heavy metals and are known to induce neurotoxicity." | ( Comparative analysis of in vitro neurotoxicity of methylmercury, mercury, cadmium, and hydrogen peroxide on SH-SY5Y cells. Miyamoto, A; Shiraishi, M; Sudo, K; VAN Dao, C, 2019) | 1.08 |
| "A simple generic toxicity method (test) is proposed using baker's yeast to mediate the reduction of the colourless triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to red, 1,3,5-triphenyl formazan, which can be extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), enabling the identification of reducible toxic compounds (e." | ( YTOX: a rapid toxicity test based on the dehydrogenase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for detection of contaminants in water samples. Andrino, FG; da Silva, APM; de Lira, SP; Duarte, KMR; Ferrarezi, JA; Gomes, LH; Kamogawa, MY; Laguna, SE; Tavares, ACL, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The results indicated that the toxic effects of enrofloxacin alone on soil enzymatic activities were relatively small and showed no concentration dependence." | ( Toxicity of enrofloxacin and cadmium alone and in combination to enzymatic activities and microbial community structure in soil. Ahmad, Z; Wang, J; Wang, L; Yan, S; Zhang, W; Zhu, L, 2019) | 0.81 |
| " However, manganese was the least toxic metal tested for all three species, which is hypothesized to be due to a possible metal transfer to the cuticle of the moulting test species." | ( Acute toxicity of four metals to three tropical aquatic invertebrates: The dragonfly Tramea cophysa and the ostracods Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa. César Dos Santos Lima, J; Daam, MA; de Pádua Andrade, D; Freitas, EC; Gazonato Neto, AJ; Miguel, M; Moreira, RA; Rocha, O, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Background Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human body." | ( Cadmium toxicity: effects on human reproduction and fertility. Kumar, S; Sharma, A, 2019) | 2.35 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal with several harmful effects including cardiotoxicity." | ( Mechanisms mediating the cardioprotective effect of carvedilol in cadmium induced cardiotoxicity. Role of eNOS and HO1/Nrf2 pathway. Bayoumi, AMA; El-Hussieny, M; Refaie, MMM; Shehata, S, 2019) | 2.19 |
| "Methylmercury (MeHg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As(III)) are among the most toxic metals in aquatic systems that have been associated with multiple animal and human health problems." | ( Methylmercury, cadmium and arsenic(III)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Pacific red snapper leukocytes. Angulo, C; Cruz, A; Cuesta, A; Reyes-Becerril, M; Sanchez, V, 2019) | 1.18 |
| " Pretreatment with appropriate levels of SA showed a mitigating effect on Cd damage, whereas an excessive dose of exogenous SA aggravated the toxic effects of Cd." | ( Salicylic Acid Signals Plant Defence against Cadmium Toxicity. Fu, Q; Guo, B; Li, N; Liang, Y; Liu, C, 2019) | 0.77 |
| " Cd and Pb are two of the most common toxic heavy metals that have been linked with cancers and malfunction of the nervous system." | ( High-throughput assessment of toxic effects of metal mixtures of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and manganese(Mn) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tang, B; Tang, L; Tong, P; Wang, JS; Williams, PL; Xue, KS, 2019) | 0.75 |
| " Toxicity assessment found that most of the bottom sediment samples were classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic, only 10% of the sediment samples were toxic for Vibrio fischeri, and 6% of the samples were toxic for Sinapis alba." | ( Content of nutrients, trace elements, and ecotoxicity of sediment cores from Rożnów reservoir (Southern Poland). Baran, A; Koniarz, T; Szara, M; Tarnawski, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The large number of nanomaterial-based applications emerging in the materials and life sciences and the foreseeable increasing use of these materials require methods that evaluate and characterize the toxic potential of these nanomaterials to keep safety risks to people and environment as low as possible." | ( An automatable platform for genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials based on the fluorometric γ-H2AX assay reveals no genotoxicity of properly surface-shielded cadmium-based quantum dots. Fröhlich, E; Geißler, D; Hoffmann, K; Jochum, T; Niehaus, J; Resch-Genger, U; Roggenbuck, D; Scholz, J; Somma, V; Sowa, M; Wegmann, M, 2019) | 0.71 |
| "With the development of industrialization, public exposure to toxic metals could occur everywhere, eventually affecting individuals' reproductive systems and even embryos and leading to early pregnancy loss." | ( Biomarkers of metal toxicity in embryos in the general population. Han, J; Jie, O; Li, C; Liu, X; Peng, P; Qiu, L; Teng, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Blood cadmium and urine chromium levels are two possible biomarkers of toxic metal embryotoxicity in the general population, which means that in the general population, blood cadmium >0." | ( Biomarkers of metal toxicity in embryos in the general population. Han, J; Jie, O; Li, C; Liu, X; Peng, P; Qiu, L; Teng, L, 2019) | 0.99 |
| " To mitigate toxic impact of metals such as Cd, exogenous application of phytohormones like indole acetic acid (IAA) has been well recognized in the recent past." | ( Regulation of cadmium toxicity in roots of tomato by indole acetic acid with special emphasis on reactive oxygen species production and their scavenging. Chauhan, DK; Khan, MY; Prakash, V; Prasad, SM; Ramawat, N; Sharma, S; Singh, VP; Tripathi, DK; Yadav, V, 2019) | 0.87 |
| " The adverse effects of the exposure to Cd on the female reproductive system, especially oocyte maturation and fertility have not been clearly defined." | ( Reproductive toxicity of acute Cd exposure in mouse: Resulting in oocyte defects and decreased female fertility. An, Q; Cheng, Y; Jia, H; Jiang, X; Qing, S; Su, J; Wu, T; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Natural processes and human activities have caused widespread background contamination with non-essential toxic elements." | ( Safer food through plant science: reducing toxic element accumulation in crops. Clemens, S, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure to toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) may promote the development of musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA), among others." | ( Toxicity of cadmium in musculoskeletal diseases. Fernández-Torres, J; Gutiérrez-Ruiz, MC; Landa-Solis, C; López-Reyes, A; Lozada-Pérez, CA; Martínez-Flores, K; Martínez-Nava, G; Olivos-Meza, A; Reyes-Hinojosa, D; Rojas Del Castillo, E; Zamudio Cuevas, Y, 2019) | 1.12 |
| "Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol found in essential oils, is considered a safe food additive, and possesses various therapeutic properties." | ( Carvacrol inhibits cadmium toxicity through combating against caspase dependent/independent apoptosis in PC12 cells. Akter, M; Banik, S; Corpus Bondad, SE; Hosokawa, T; Kurasaki, M; Saito, T, 2019) | 0.84 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a naturally occurring heavy metal, is toxic to animals and plants." | ( Glutamate alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice via suppressing cadmium uptake and translocation. Huang, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, M; Li, M; Li, S; Shu, Q; Song, S; Tan, Y, 2020) | 2.32 |
| " For one and the same toxic combination, the type of combined toxic action can vary from synergistic to contra-directional." | ( Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Bushueva, TV; Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Korotkov, AA; Makeyev, OH; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Ryabova, JV; Shtin, TN; Shuman, EA; Sutunkova, MP; Valamina, IE, 2020) | 0.76 |
| "Sulfur has been shown to mitigate the toxic effects of metals on soil organisms." | ( Effects of sulfur on the toxicity of cadmium to Folsomia candida in red earth and paddy soil in southern Fujian. Deng, J; Guo, P; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Su, H; Wu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2020) | 0.83 |
| " This potentially toxic agent harmfully affects the various organs and systems of body such as the liver, kidney, brain, and cardiovascular system." | ( Back to Nucleus: Combating with Cadmium Toxicity Using Nrf2 Signaling Pathway as a Promising Therapeutic Target. Ahmadi, Z; Ashrafizadeh, M; Farkhondeh, T; Samarghandian, S, 2020) | 0.84 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that can accumulate in plants and poses a threat to human health through biomagnification." | ( Cultivar diversity and organ differences of cadmium accumulation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) allow the potential for Cd-safe staple food production on contaminated soils. Dong, W; Fan, T; Hu, X; Luo, Y; Sun, L; Xiong, X; Ye, Y, 2020) | 2.26 |
| " However, alongside these, it contains toxic elements that can pose serious risks for human health." | ( Elemental content of brown crab (Cancer pagurus) - Is it safe for human consumption? A recent case study from Mausund, Norway. Asimakopoulos, AG; Ervik, H; Lierhagen, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Analyses of eleven oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters showed all Pb, Cd and As induced oxidative damages, and the co-exposure further enhanced their toxic effects." | ( Combined toxicity and detoxification of lead, cadmium and arsenic in Solanum nigrum L. Cui, X; Cui, Z; Li, X; Liu, W; Zhang, X, 2020) | 0.82 |
| " This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective role of Selenium (Se) and L-carnitine (LC) against the adverse effects induced by Cd on the male reproductive system in mice." | ( Selenium and L-Carnitine Ameliorate Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Male Mice. Abuelzahab, HSH; Alharthi, WA; Elmahdi, MM; Hamza, RZ; Saleh, H, 2020) | 0.79 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a well-characterized toxic heavy metal which could cause severe kidney injury." | ( Liver-derived exosome-laden lncRNA MT1DP aggravates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. Dong, Z; Gao, M; Li, C; Liu, S; Liu, W; Shang, X; Sun, J; Wu, Y; Xu, M; Yang, X; Zhu, P, 2020) | 2.25 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, restrains the growth and development of plants and threatens global food safety." | ( Exogenous indole acetic acid alleviates Cd toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis). Chen, J; Gao, X; He, Q; Shen, C; Wang, M; Zhang, C, 2020) | 2 |
| " Results showed that Si NPs were not toxic to HepG2." | ( Influence of silica nanoparticles on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in human liver HepG2 cells. Ahamed, M; Akhtar, MJ; Alhadlaq, HA, 2020) | 0.83 |
| ") Royle in response to three representative toxic heavy metals." | ( Comparative study on the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel and their toxic effects on the growth and enzyme defence strategies of a heavy metal accumulator, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. An, RD; Chen, M; Li, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, LL, 2020) | 0.81 |
| "Cadmium is extremely toxic heavy metal, and there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management of cadmium toxicity." | ( The Role of Probiotics in the Amelioration of Cadmium Toxicity. Bhattacharya, S, 2020) | 2.26 |
| "Deducing soil cadmium (Cd) safety thresholds should be different for rice cultivars with different capacities to accumulate Cd to guarantee safe rice production in China." | ( Prediction models for rice cadmium accumulation in Chinese paddy fields and the implications in deducing soil thresholds based on food safety standards. Christie, P; Hu, P; Li, Z; Luo, Y; Mu, T; Wu, L; Zhou, T, 2020) | 1.22 |
| " This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production." | ( Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. Abdullah, M; Sami, A; Shah, FA; Yan, Y; Zhou, K; Zhou, X; Zhu, Z, 2020) | 0.88 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals which is confirmed to be related to male sterile." | ( Determination of cadmium induced acute and chronic reproductive toxicity with Raman spectroscopy. Leng, Y; Liu, D; Liu, Z; Wan, J; Zhang, G; Zhao, Z, 2020) | 2.34 |
| " We could show that both, cadmium and copper show toxicity at higher concentrations, with copper being more toxic than cadmium." | ( Copper and cadmium administration induce toxicity and oxidative stress in the marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Bickmeyer, U; Ma, Y; Nommick, A; Rivera-Ingraham, G; Roeder, T, 2020) | 1.25 |
| " The safe utilization of such Se-rich land resources remains a challenge." | ( Safe utilization and zoning on natural selenium-rich land resources: a case study of the typical area in Enshi County, China. Hou, Q; Hou, W; Li, Y; Ma, W; Xia, X; Yan, B; Yang, Z; Yu, T, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that poses a threat to the health of humans and animals." | ( The role of zinc chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine in cadmium toxicity: effects on cadmium absorption on intestinal health in piglets. Liang, X; Liu, FF; Liu, G; Ni, HJ; Yin, YL, 2020) | 2.24 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic pollutant with high nephrotoxicity in the agricultural environment." | ( Ameliorative effects of resveratrol against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating nuclear xenobiotic receptor response and PINK1/Parkin-mediated Mitophagy. Ge, J; Guo, K; Li, JL; Li, YH; Lv, MW; Talukder, M; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q, 2020) | 2.26 |
| " Cu(II) was found to be more toxic than Cd(II) for zebrafish, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) exhibited a significant synergistic effect." | ( The synergistic toxicity of Cd(II) and Cu(II) to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effect of water hardness. Blust, R; Cordery, KI; Pilehvar, A; Town, RM, 2020) | 0.56 |
| ") to remediate Cd- and Zn-contaminated cultivated soil under nonmowing and mowing and the possibility of safe utilization of the stem and leaf after detoxification by liquid extraction." | ( Effect of three Napier grass varieties on phytoextraction of Cd- and Zn-contaminated cultivated soil under mowing and their safe utilization. Gu, JF; Huang, F; Liao, BH; Sun, ZG; Wang, SL; Yang, WJ; Yi, HW; Yuan, TY; Zhang, JY; Zhou, H, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Cd is a non-essential metal and highly toxic to plants, animals and humans, even at very low concentrations." | ( Mitigation of Cd toxicity by Mn in young plants of cacao, evaluated by the proteomic profiles of leaves and roots. Ahnert, D; Baligar, VC; Barroso, JP; de Almeida, AF; de C Neto, CH; Mangabeira, PAO; Oliveira, BRM; Pirovani, CP; Santos, NA, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Cadmium is toxic to humans, although Cd-based quantum dots exerts less toxicity." | ( Differences in toxicity, mitochondrial function and miRNome in human cells exposed in vitro to Cd as CdS quantum dots or ionic Cd. Bianchi, MG; Bussolati, O; Marmiroli, M; Marmiroli, N; Paesano, L; Villani, M; White, JC; Zappettini, A, 2020) | 2 |
| "The cadmium (Cd) is considered one of the widespread toxic metals in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, which is due to its long half-life, non-degradable characteristic, and toxicity." | ( Protective effect assessment of Moringa oleifera against cadmium-induced toxicity in HCT116 and HEK293 cell lines. Essefi, SA; Majdoub, H; Romdhane, MH; Sfar, M; Souid, G; Timoumi, R, 2020) | 1.36 |
| " These findings suggest that Cd and F can potentiate their individual toxic effects on the liver tissue through disruption of the cellular redox status, inflammation, and apoptosis pathway." | ( Co-exposure to non-toxic levels of cadmium and fluoride induces hepatotoxicity in rats via triggering mitochondrial oxidative damage, apoptosis, and NF-kB pathways. Ahangar, N; Amiri, FT; Arab-Nozari, M; Mohammadi, E; Shaki, F; Shokrzadeh, M, 2020) | 0.84 |
| " This study provided new evidence that Si and NO have a strong joint effect on alleviating the adverse effects of Cd toxicity by decreasing Cd uptake and accumulation." | ( Combined application of silicon and nitric oxide jointly alleviated cadmium accumulation and toxicity in maize. Deng, X; Du, S; Gong, D; Liu, X; Wang, S; Yin, L; Zhang, Z, 2020) | 0.79 |
| " Considering the growth parameters, Cd was found to be much more toxic than Zn." | ( Comparative ecotoxicity of single and binary mixtures exposures of cadmium and zinc on growth and biomarkers of Lemna gibba. Alberdi, JL; Di Marzio, WD; Martinez, S; Sáenz, ME, 2020) | 0.79 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal, adversely affects human and animal health." | ( Protective effect of quercetin on rat testes against cadmium toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and autophagy. Liu, Z; Wang, J; Wang, K; Yang, Z; Zhu, H, 2020) | 2.25 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both humans and animals." | ( The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. Carocci, A; Catalano, A; Genchi, G; Lauria, G; Sinicropi, MS, 2020) | 2.35 |
| " In addition, we found exposure of Cd-Pb mixed metals causes greater adverse effects than Cd, Pb alone on development and morphology of embryo." | ( Response Patterns of Biomarkers as Tools to Identify Toxic Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Bufo gargarizans Embryo. Peng, J; Wang, H; Wu, M; Zheng, R, 2020) | 0.79 |
| " A substantial part of the review will be focused on in vitro toxicity, in which the type of QDs is combined with their adverse effect and toxic mechanism." | ( Toxicity of different types of quantum dots to mammalian cells in vitro: An update review. Liu, N; Tang, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " These results could help to quantitatively evaluate the health risk of Cd accumulation in rice crop and provide a useful reference for safe production of rice." | ( Predicting accumulation of Cd in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soil threshold concentration of Cd for rice safe production. Lu, S; Su, Y; Wang, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Safe guidelines for the intake of fishery products are proposed to reduce the exposure to and accumulation of heavy metals in humans." | ( Exposure assessment and safe intake guidelines for heavy metals in consumed fishery products in the Republic of Korea. Jo, GH; Kim, JE; Kim, JH; Kim, SH; Kim, TH; Le Kim, MD; Oh, YH; Park, YS; Suh, WD; Yeon, HJ, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal that causes major environmental pollution with adverse effects on human health and well-being." | ( Attenuation of cadmium-induced vascular toxicity by pro-angiogenic nanorods. Chatterjee, S; Nethi, SK; Patra, CR; Raval, M; Roy, A; Suganya, N, 2020) | 2.35 |
| " With the increasing amounts of heavy metal contamination in the soil and water, the safe production of RFS has been greatly threatened." | ( Effects of cadmium pollution on the safety of rice and fish in a rice-fish coculture system. Chen, D; Du, Z; Huang, H; Huang, X; Li, Y; Liao, G; Long, Y; Luo, W; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, W; Xu, Z; Yang, S; Zhao, L, 2020) | 0.95 |
| " Exciting observations were that a non-cytotoxic concentration of RGO (25 μg/ml) effectively mitigates the toxic effects of Cd (2 μg/ml) such as cell viability reduction, lactate dehydrogenase release, and irregular cell morphology." | ( Reduced graphene oxide mitigates cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Ahamed, M; Akhtar, MJ; Alhadlaq, HA; Khan, MAM, 2020) | 0.84 |
| " The associated toxic metal-mediated mechanisms of male reproductive toxicity include ion mimicry, disruption of cell signaling pathways, oxidative stress, altered gene expression, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, apoptosis, disruption of testis/blood barrier, inflammation and endocrine disruption." | ( Current mechanistic perspectives on male reproductive toxicity induced by heavy metals. Anyanwu, BO; Orisakwe, OE, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " subpiraticus at cold ambient temperature, and the spiders are capable of responding to the adverse Cd stress by expressing the genes involved in the metabolism of energy substances, cryoprotectants and immune-related components." | ( Transcriptome sequencing reveals the effects of cadmium toxicity on the cold tolerance of the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus. Lv, B; Song, Q; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Yang, H; Yang, S; Zhuo, J, 2020) | 0.81 |
| " But when it involved with other pollutants, the toxic effects and mechanism are still waiting to be figured out." | ( Combined toxicity of microplastics and cadmium on the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Chen, X; Wang, M; Wu, L; Yang, C; Zhang, R, 2020) | 0.83 |
| " Results showed that no adverse effects and differences were observed on growth in two strains of gibel carp, compromising of the remarkable hepatoxicity-caused liver damage as shown by histological observations." | ( Distinct dietary cadmium toxic effects and defense strategies in two strains of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) revealed by a comprehensive perspective. Dong, B; Han, D; Jin, J; Li, H; Liu, H; Wu, L; Xie, S; Xu, W; Yang, Y; Zhu, X, 2020) | 0.9 |
| " The results indicate that MPs can aggravate the toxicity of other environmental contaminants and induce adverse effects across a range of diverse outcomes in a tractable and widely used model organism." | ( Exposure to microplastics cause gut damage, locomotor dysfunction, epigenetic silencing, and aggravate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Drosophila. Lemos, B; Ren, H; Wolosker, MB; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.77 |
| " the cultivars accumulating Cd at low enough level for safe consumption in their edible parts when grown in contaminated soils, were screened out and explored among the crop cultivars." | ( Screening of safe soybean cultivars for cadmium contaminated fields. Leng, X; Sun, T; Zhi, Y; Zhou, Q, 2020) | 0.83 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal and kidney is its main target." | ( Nephrotoxicity Profile of Cadmium Revealed by Proteomics in Mouse Kidney. Gu, J; Jiang, T; Liu, H; Ren, Z; Shi, H; Sun, X; Tuffour, A; Wang, Y; Yuan, X; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 2.36 |
| " Synthetic chelators impart a major drawback of removing essential metals required for normal body function, along with the toxic one." | ( Metal toxicity and natural antidotes: prevention is better than cure. Parashar, P; Rajak, C; Singh, N, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The remediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline soil plays a critical role in safe wheat production." | ( Hydroxyapatite as a passivator for safe wheat production and its impacts on soil microbial communities in a Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. Feng, Y; Liu, W; Wang, Y; Yan, Y; Yang, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Therefore, the classification of agricultural land environmental quality and agricultural land safe usage based on the Cd content in the soil has a wide deviation." | ( Study on safe usage of agricultural land in karst and non-karst areas based on soil Cd and prediction of Cd in rice: A case study of Heng County, Guangxi. Hou, Q; Li, C; Liu, X; Wang, J; Wu, T; Yang, Z; Yu, T; Zhang, Q, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " However, it remains unclear how mitochondrial redox status induces, and whether Cd destabilizes, the ER-mitochondria crosstalk to have a toxic effect on the nervous system." | ( Mitochondrial redox-driven mitofusin 2 S-glutathionylation promotes neuronal necroptosis via disrupting ER-mitochondria crosstalk in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity. Che, L; Chen, Y; Du, ZB; Gan, CL; Guo, NJ; Huang, J; Lin, YC; Lin, ZN; Wu, JS; Wu, ZL; Yan, SP; Yang, CL, 2021) | 0.83 |
| " Further, Cd-induced adverse effect on membrane stability, cell viability, and redox status was restored due to S under Cd stress." | ( Sulfur triggers glutathione and phytochelatin accumulation causing excess Cd bound to the cell wall of roots in alleviating Cd-toxicity in alfalfa. Das, U; Ela, EJ; Kabir, AH; Lee, KW; Rahman, MA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " This toxic effect was attenuated with a bioprotective complex administered in the background." | ( Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity. Gurvich, VB; Katsnelson, BA; Klinova, SV; Minigalieva, IA; Panov, VG; Privalova, LI; Riabova, JV; Sakhautdinova, RR; Shishkina, EV; Shtin, TN; Shur, VY; Sutunkova, MP, 2021) | 0.84 |
| " In recent decades, freshwater ecosystems have been subject to severe cadmium (Cd) pollution, which can cause toxic effects on the growth of submerged macrophytes." | ( Warming enhances the cadmium toxicity on macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verd. seedlings. Gao, Y; Liu, B; Qin, Z; Wang, G; Wang, L; Wang, X; Zhang, X, 2021) | 1.17 |
| " Boron (B) is a micronutrient that helps in the formation of the primary cell wall (CW) and alleviates negative effects of toxic elements on plant growth." | ( Boron supply alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by enhancing cadmium adsorption on cell wall and triggering antioxidant defense system in roots. Ali, S; Deng, L; Fang, Y; Kamran, M; Riaz, M; Rizwan, M; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 0.93 |
| " The experimental design consisted in three different ratios based on the concept of toxic units (TU), each ratio was evaluated by five different concentrations." | ( Comparative ecotoxicity of single and binary mixtures exposures of cadmium and nickel on growth and biomarkers of Lemna gibba. Alberdi, JL; Di Marzio, WD; Martinez, S; Sáenz, ME, 2021) | 0.86 |
| " However, their adverse effects on human gastric epithelium are not fully understood." | ( Mechanisms of Cd and Cu induced toxicity in human gastric epithelial cells: Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Bao, XC; Cui, DL; Li, MY; Ma, JY; Ma, LQ; Qin, YS; Wang, CC; Wang, K; Xiang, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Contamination of agricultural soil with cadmium (Cd) has become a global concern because of its adverse effects on ecohealth and food safety." | ( Short-Term Aging of Pod-Derived Biochar Reduces Soil Cadmium Mobility and Ameliorates Cadmium Toxicity to Soil Enzymes and Tomato. Akande, FO; Alagarsamy, K; Falade, FO; Fatoba, PO; Ogunkunle, CO; Oyedeji, BJ; Ramachandran, D; Vishwakarma, V, 2021) | 1.14 |
| ") roots following exposure to toxic levels of uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd)." | ( Analysis of accumulation and phytotoxicity mechanism of uranium and cadmium in two sweet potato cultivars. Lai, JL; Li, C; Liu, ZW; Luo, XG, 2021) | 1.1 |
| " Cd is a toxic heavy metal placing severe health threat to human." | ( A review on Cadmium Exposure in the Population and Intervention Strategies Against Cadmium Toxicity. Chen, Z; Hong, D; Huang, L; Li, Y; Song, W; Wang, M, 2021) | 1 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) has been listed as one of the most toxic substances affecting numerous tissues/organs, including the immune system." | ( Immunotoxicology of cadmium: Cells of the immune system as targets and effectors of cadmium toxicity. Kataranovski, M; Kulas, J; Mirkov, I; Ninkov, M; Popov Aleksandrov, A; Popovic, D; Tucovic, D; Zeljkovic, M, 2021) | 2.39 |
| "With increased interest in the toxic interactions of multiple toxins, biotoxicity models have to be urgently developed for joint toxicity evaluation." | ( Development of a living mammalian cell-based biosensor for the monitoring and evaluation of synergetic toxicity of cadmium and deoxynivalenol. Guo, H; Ji, J; Sun, J; Sun, X; Zhang, Y, 2021) | 0.83 |
| "The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the human body through food chain can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes." | ( Cadmium cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms in human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells. Chen, F; He, L; Liao, Y; Ou, Y; Peng, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Yang, H; Zhao, J; Zheng, H, 2021) | 2.39 |
| "There has been an increase on the research of microplastics (<5 mm in diameter) as carriers for toxic chemicals to evaluate their risks for human health and environment, but only few works focused on nanoplastics (1 nm-1000 nm in diameter) interacting with pre-existing contaminants such as heavy metals." | ( Do polystyrene nanoplastics affect the toxicity of cadmium to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Lian, J; Liu, W; Ma, T; Peng, F; Tang, J; Wu, J; Zeb, A; Zheng, S, 2020) | 0.81 |
| "Although many studies have reported toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the central nervous system, few studies have investigated the combined toxicity of Cd and Pb." | ( Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Both Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress and Activation of Fas/FasL and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathways in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Bian, JC; Gu, JH; Liu, XZ; Liu, ZP; Wang, L; Wen, SQ; Yuan, Y; Zhao, SW; Zhu, QP; Zou, H, 2021) | 1.16 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is amongst the most toxic heavy metals that severely affects crop growth, whereas application of nanoparticles (NPs) to negate the toxic effects of heavy metals could be an effective management approach." | ( ZnO nanoparticle-based seed priming modulates early growth and enhances physio-biochemical and metabolic profiles of fragrant rice against cadmium toxicity. Ashraf, U; Li, W; Li, Y; Liang, L; Ma, L; Mo, Z; Pan, S; Tang, X; Tian, H, 2021) | 2.27 |
| "Cadmium is considered the seventh most toxic heavy metal as per ATSDR ranking but its mechanism of toxicity is debated." | ( Involvement of different hemoprotein thiol groups of Oncorhynchus mykiss in cadmium toxicity. Cantarini, M; Cirilli, I; Falcioni, G; Galeazzi, R; Marcheggiani, F; Orlando, P; Silvestri, S; Tiano, L, 2021) | 2.29 |
| " The dissipation of toxic metals contaminates water, air, soil, and food, causing a series of chronic and acute syndromes." | ( Metal Toxicity and Speciation: A Review. Cappai, R; Medici, S; Nurchi, VM; Peana, M; Pelucelli, A; Zoroddu, MA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Particular focus is given to selected toxic metals, major non-essential metals, or semimetals related to toxicity, such as mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and arsenic." | ( Metal Toxicity and Speciation: A Review. Cappai, R; Medici, S; Nurchi, VM; Peana, M; Pelucelli, A; Zoroddu, MA, 2021) | 0.82 |
| " Therapeutic detoxification, through complexation of toxic metal ions by specific chelating agents, appears an efficacious clinical strategy, mainly in acute cases of metal intoxication." | ( Metal Toxicity and Speciation: A Review. Cappai, R; Medici, S; Nurchi, VM; Peana, M; Pelucelli, A; Zoroddu, MA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " These data provide a clear evidence that the Cr(III) can cause significant DNA damage and potential genotoxicity; Hg(II) can strongly inhibit SOD activity, produce lipid peroxidation and cause serious membrane injury, suggesting these heavy metals can cause different toxic effects in different ways." | ( Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity, DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Induced by Heavy Metals Cd(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) in Yeast. Fang, Z; Gao, J; Gooneratne, R; Liu, Y; Sun, L; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Selenium (Se) possesses a beneficial role in protecting animals and ameliorating the toxic effects of Cd." | ( Comparative study on protective effect of different selenium sources against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via regulating the transcriptions of selenoproteome. Cui, ZG; Ge, J; Li, JL; Li, JY; Liu, LL; Lv, MW; Talukder, M, 2021) | 0.85 |
| " The accumulation of copper and cadmium in wheat seedlings reduced in the presence of PS microplastics, which meant the toxic effect by heavy metals might be mitigated." | ( Effects of polystyrene microplastic on uptake and toxicity of copper and cadmium in hydroponic wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Guo, H; Jiang, L; Yin, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, J; Zong, X, 2021) | 1.14 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental heavy metal with long biological half-time and adverse health effects." | ( Chronic cadmium exposure at environmental-relevant level accelerates the development of hepatotoxicity to hepatocarcinogenesis. Ba, Q; Li, J; Mu, W; Wang, H; Xu, Y, 2021) | 2.5 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are the major toxic heavy metals accumulated in rice and pose a serious threat to human health." | ( Colonized extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans alleviates toxicity of cadmium and lead by suppressing heavy metal accumulation and improving antioxidant system in rice. Chen, Q; Dai, S; Hua, Y; Jiang, M; Li, S; Tian, B; Wang, B; Wang, L; Xie, Z; Yu, N; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 2.3 |
| " Non-essential heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and aluminium (Al) are useless to organisms and have shown extensive toxic effects." | ( Metal-metal interaction and metal toxicity: a comparison between mammalian and Tian, X; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Zhu, C, 2021) | 0.86 |
| " Given that different crops have varying Cd bioaccumulation factors, crops with low Cd bioaccumulation abilities can be selected for the safe usage of Cd -contaminated lands." | ( Application of cadmium prediction models for rice and maize in the safe utilization of farmland associated with tin mining in Hezhou, Guangxi, China. Han, M; Jiang, H; Li, C; Liu, X; Wang, J; Yang, Y; Yang, Z; Yu, T; Zhang, Q, 2021) | 0.97 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential element, while calcium (Ca) is an essential element with high chemical similarity to Cd." | ( Exploration of the optimal strategy for dietary calcium intervention against the toxicity of liver and kidney induced by cadmium in mice: An in vivo diet intervention study. Chen, Z; Huang, L; Kuang, W; Shi, K, 2021) | 2.27 |
| "Excessive cadmium (Cd) causes toxic effects on crops." | ( Foliage application of chitosan alleviates the adverse effects of cadmium stress in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Gai, L; Liu, J; Zong, H, 2021) | 1.26 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that causes severe toxic effects on different tissues including liver and kidney." | ( Modulatory effects of carvacrol against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by molecular targeting regulation. Caglayan, C; Darendelioğlu, E; İzol, E; Kandemir, FM; Kandemir, Ö; Küçükler, S, 2021) | 2.33 |
| " However, Si and MeJA applied alone or in combination significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned adverse effects induced by Cd." | ( Effect of exogenous silicon and methyl jasmonate on the alleviation of cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in tomato plants. Guo, J; Hua, L; Li, H; Li, X; Ren, X; Sun, Y; Wei, T; Yashir, N, 2021) | 0.85 |
| "Metal dyshomeostasis, and especially overexposure, is known to cause adverse health effects due to modulation of a variety of metabolic pathways." | ( Sirtuins as molecular targets, mediators, and protective agents in metal-induced toxicity. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Buha Djordjevic, A; Nguyen, TT; Paoliello, MMB; Santamaria, A; Skalny, AV; Tinkov, AA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health." | ( Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium. Chen, SJ; Kang, GZ; Li, GZ; Li, NY; Wang, YY, 2021) | 2.35 |
| " It is imperative to establish accurate soil thresholds based on soil-plant transfer models and food safety standards for safe agricultural production." | ( Derivation and validation of thresholds of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic for safe rice production in paddy soil. Gao, J; Jiang, Y; Li, D; Ma, Y; Sun, B; Wang, X; Ye, X, 2021) | 0.88 |
| "Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), beryllium (Be), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and thallium (Tl) are reportedly notorious toxic contents of make-ups, with potential to cause cancer and chronic kidney disease, warranting investigation on their toxic effects." | ( Toxic effects of selected trace elements contained in make-ups on female university students in Nigeria. Eneh, OC, 2021) | 0.98 |
| " Although cadmium exposure leads to the dysfunction of various organs, the underlying mechanisms of the toxic effects of cadmium in vivo are still largely unknown." | ( N-acetylcysteine restores the cadmium toxicity of Caenorhabditis elegans. Hirota, K; Matsuoka, M, 2021) | 1.31 |
| "Biochar has the potential to control the bioavailability and transformation of heavy metals in soil, thereby ensuring the safe crop production." | ( Crop straw-derived biochar alleviated cadmium and copper phytotoxicity by reducing bioavailability and accumulation in a field experiment of rice-rape-corn rotation system. Lu, S; Malik, Z; Su, Y; Wang, Y; Xiao, Q; Zong, Y, 2021) | 0.89 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxic heavy metal, has been reported to cause testicular toxicity, which contributes to the recent decline in male fertility worldwide." | ( Quercetin mediated attenuation of cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in caprine testes in vitro. Bhardwaj, JK; Panchal, H, 2021) | 2.34 |
| "The coexistence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with cadmium (Cd) in soil may cause the combined biological effects, but few study reported about their joint toxic effects on earthworms." | ( Evaluation of the combined toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and cadmium on earthworms in soil using multi-level biomarkers. Chai, Y; Gong, J; Huang, Y; Lin, J; Liu, J; Yang, J; Yang, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2021) | 1.09 |
| "Various natural compounds have been successfully tested for preventing or counteracting the toxic effects of exposure to heavy metals." | ( Quercetin Protects Human Thyroid Cells against Cadmium Toxicity. Bulotta, S; Capriglione, F; Celano, M; Damante, G; Maggisano, V; Maiuolo, J; Russo, D, 2021) | 0.88 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants for health due to its accumulation in several tissues, including testis." | ( Altered Expression of DAAM1 and PREP Induced by Cadmium Toxicity Is Counteracted by Melatonin in the Rat Testis. Ben Rhouma, M; Messaoudi, I; Minucci, S; Reiter, RJ; Romano, MZ; Venditti, M, 2021) | 2.32 |
| "In natural environment, the existence of interactions of toxic mixtures could induce diverse biochemical pathways and consequently exert different toxicological responses in aquatic organisms." | ( The cadmium toxicity in gills of Mytilus coruscus was accentuated by benzo(a)pyrene of higher dose but not lower dose. Li, P; Wang, H; Xu, K, 2021) | 1.18 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is toxic non-essential heavy metal that precipitates adverse health effects in humans and animals." | ( Protective Role of the Essential Trace Elements in the Obviation of Cadmium Toxicity: Glimpses of Mechanisms. Bhattacharya, S, 2022) | 2.4 |
| " To our knowledge, no legal regulation exists, that established maximum contents for undesirable substances, such as toxic metals, dioxins or trace elements in these materials, although oral ingestion could be expected." | ( Chemical analysis of materials used in pig housing with respect to the safety of products of animal origin. Klevenhusen, F; Koch, F; Kowalczyk, J; Lahrssen-Wiederholt, M; Pieper, R; Schenkel, H; Wagner, B, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a major food-borne mycotoxin commonly found in maize and maize-based products, while cadmium is one of the most common toxic heavy metals found in food, particularly in wheat and rice." | ( Glycyrol alleviates the combined toxicity of fumonisin B1 and cadmium in vitro and in vivo. Fan, L; Hu, H; Liu, X; Yin, S; Zhao, C, 2021) | 1.07 |
| "In the present study, chinonomus riparius larvae were selected as a model organism, and 11 sediment samples from the Xihe River in Shenyang underwent toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) to identify sediment toxic pollutants." | ( Toxicity Identification Evaluation of Sediments from the Xihe River. Feng, S; Ke, X; Luan, J; Zhang, F; Zhou, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "As a potentially toxic heavy metal, Cadmium (Cd) can cause endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and thus lead to cell death." | ( Mechanistic analysis of cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Li, S; Mao, Y; Su, R; Zhao, Y, 2021) | 1.2 |
| "Some of the food items consumed in this area are not entirely safe from metal toxicity and this may have serious health consequences." | ( Trace metal toxicity in some food items in three major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria and associated health implications. Ayanda, OI; Bello, OA; Nwabuisi, OI, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Compared to other soil remediation technologies, Cd-contaminated farmland soil with low cadmium accumulation (LCA) plant-based safe utilization is more catered to developing countries with food in high demand." | ( Cadmium-induced hormesis effect in medicinal herbs improves the efficiency of safe utilization for low cadmium-contaminated farmland soil. Haibo, D; Hui, S; Lei, W; Li, Y; Mengdi, X; Wenqing, C; Xiaoqing, W; Yuchen, K, 2021) | 2.29 |
| "Insufficient evidence exists regarding the visible physiological toxic endpoints of MPs exposures on zebrafish larvae due to their small sizes." | ( Size-dependent impact of polystyrene microplastics on the toxicity of cadmium through altering neutrophil expression and metabolic regulation in zebrafish larvae. Cheng, H; Duan, Z; Qin, L; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhu, Z, 2021) | 0.86 |
| "The inessential heavy metal/loids cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), which often co-occur in polluted paddy soils, are toxic to rice." | ( Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses illuminate common mechanisms by which silicon alleviates cadmium and arsenic toxicity in rice seedlings. Chen, H; Gong, X; Li, F; Liang, X; Liu, C; Liu, X; Reinfelder, JR; Sun, C; Yi, J; Zhang, S; Zhao, J, 2021) | 1.11 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a widespread, severely toxic heavy metal, can cause serious reproductive toxicity in animals." | ( Cloning and expression analysis of Shvasa and the molecular regulatory pathways implicated in Cd-induced reproductive toxicity in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. Du, XL; Liu, JQ; Liu, SQ; Sun, M; Wang, L, 2022) | 2.16 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is known for its many toxic effects on male population such as hypogonadism and fertility difficulties, which are oftenly associated with oxidative stress." | ( Phycobiliproteins extract from Spirulina protects against single-dose cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Briseño-Bugarín, J; Chamorro-Cevallos, G; Cristóbal-Luna, JM; Gutiérrez-Salmeán, G; Mojica-Villegas, MA; Montaño-González, RI, 2022) | 2.4 |
| " Prenatal exposure to Cd results in adverse effects on fetal development." | ( Resveratrol ameliorates toxic effects of cadmium on placental development in mouse placenta and human trophoblast cells. Jiang, X; Liu, G; Wang, W; Wu, G, 2021) | 0.89 |
| " Concomitantly, many of such ecosystems are already impacted by other toxicants, which together with increased salinity may result in synergistic, antagonistic or additive toxic effects to biota." | ( Influence of salinity on the toxicity of copper and cadmium to Zebrafish embryos. Andrade, T; Domingues, I; Lopes, I; Ribeiro, R; Santos, B; Soares, AM, 2021) | 0.87 |
| "Rice has a strong ability to accumulate Cd in soil, and it is of great significance to study Cd pollution and safe planting zoning in paddy soils." | ( [Cd Pollution and Safe Planting Zoning in Paddy Soils: A Case Study in a District of Chongqing]. Cao, SZ; Cheng, X; Cui, JX; Fu, YH; Liu, AD; Mu, Y; Wei, SQ; Zhang, JZ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " But it is still uncertain whether the interactions of nano- and metal-pollutants would have a combined toxic effect on plants." | ( Combined toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and cadmium inducing root damage in Phytolacca americana L. Chen, X; Farooq, TH; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, T; Pan, Y; Shi, Y; Xiao, Y; Yan, W; Zhang, X, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " Over the years, its adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been concerned, whereas the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms remain unclear." | ( Developmental exposure to environmental levels of cadmium induces neurotoxicity and activates microglia in zebrafish larvae: From the perspectives of neurobehavior and neuroimaging. Gao, H; Lan, X; Li, K; Liu, J; Pan, C; Song, Z; Wang, Z; Xu, Y; Yuan, C; Zhang, S; Zhao, H, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " Hence, polluted areas with the prevalence of multiple contaminants along with the highly toxic trace metals like As can impose a greater risk to the exposed organisms that may get further bio-magnified in the food chain." | ( Single toxicity of arsenic and combined trace metal exposure to a microalga of ecological and commercial interest: Diacronema lutheri. Das, S; Duong, G; Gevaert, F; Ouddane, B; Souissi, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " GLP MPs pre-treatment significantly abrogated these toxic effects which were confirmed histologically." | ( Novelkaraya gum micro-particles loaded Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide regulate sex hormones, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine levels in cadmium induced testicular toxicity in experimental animals. Alshehri, S; Bin-Jumah, MN; Gilani, SJ; Imam, SS; Kazmi, I; Nadeem, MS, 2022) | 0.92 |
| " In conclusion, the application of additional CT improved antioxidant capacities and immune functions of captive black goats under Cd toxicity, then reduced the oxidative stress and toxic damage of Cd contamination." | ( Condensed Tannins Improved Immune Functions and Reduced Environmental Pollution of Captive Sichuan Black Goat Kids Under Cadmium Toxicity. Li, H; Qiu, Q; Tian, P; Wang, Y, 2022) | 0.93 |
| "As a beneficial element, Selenium (Se) reduces toxic cadmium (Cd) absorption in many crops, but the effects of Se on Cd hyperaccumulator plants are unclear." | ( Selenium alleviates toxicity in Amaranthus hypochondriacus by modulating the synthesis of thiol compounds and the subcellular distribution of cadmium. Ao, T; Chen, W; Kang, Y; Li, N; Liu, J; Sun, H; Wang, Y; Yang, L, 2022) | 1.17 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) as a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal in the environment, causes severe hazards to human health, such as cellular stress and organ injury." | ( Selenite Ameliorates Cadmium-induced Cytotoxicity Through Downregulation of ROS Levels and Upregulation of Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase 1 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Guan, S; Guo, J; Ren, Y; Sun, S; Wang, H; Xu, J; Xu, W; Yang, R; Zhang, Q; Zhang, W; Zhao, J; Zong, Y, 2023) | 2.67 |
| "Cadmium exhibits both toxic and carcinogenic effects, and its cytotoxicity is linked to various cellular pathways, such as oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome, and p53-mediated response pathways." | ( Activation of multiple proteolysis systems contributes to acute cadmium cytotoxicity. Chang, WJ; Chen, TW; Hsieh, MY; Lee, CH; Li, TK; Tsai, CC; Yeh, YH, 2022) | 2.4 |
| " Interestingly, significant corrections have been noted following Zn supplementation based, essentially, on its ability to interact with the toxic metal." | ( Interference with zinc homeostasis and oxidative stress induction as probable mechanisms for cadmium-induced embryo-toxicity in zebrafish. Chouchene, L; Gueguen, MM; Kah, O; Kessabi, K; Messaoudi, I; Pakdel, F, 2022) | 0.94 |
| " Detailed information about the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of combined exposures remains limited in terms of different life stages." | ( Interactive toxicity of copper and cadmium in regenerating and adult planarians. Blust, R; Majid, S; Ploem, JP; Smeets, K; Van Belleghem, F; Wouters, A, 2022) | 1 |
| "The release of toxic metals in the water creates an adverse condition for the living organisms (e." | ( Spatiotemporal variation and toxicity of trace metals in commercially important fish of the tidal Pasur River in Bangladesh. Alam, MW; Ali, ML; Ali, MM; Bhuyan, MS; Das, M; Islam, MN; Islam, MS; Mustary, S; Rahman, MZ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant with highly toxic to kidney." | ( Paeonol protects renal tubular cells against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity via alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses and restoring autophagy. Bian, J; Dong, W; Gong, Z; Liu, G; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Song, R; Zhang, K; Zhu, J; Zou, H, 2022) | 2.42 |
| " Therefore, Cd was a factor of about 10 to 30 × more toxic than Pb, consistent with findings on the relative toxicity of Cd and Pb to other soil organisms, including earthworms, springtails, and mites." | ( Toxicity and accumulation of lead and cadmium in the land snail, Archachatina papyracea, in a tropical Alfisol from Southwestern Nigeria. Awodiran, M; Ayanda, OE; Jegede, OO; Owojori, OJ, 2022) | 0.99 |
| " Mulberry was found to deploy detoxification mechanisms to avoid or tolerate toxic Cd effects through the activation of the antioxidant system, increasing proline and non-protein thiol contents, translocating Cd into different plant parts and decreasing biomass." | ( Nitrogen addition alleviated sexual differences in responses to cadmium toxicity by regulating the antioxidant system and root characteristics, and inhibiting Cd translocation in mulberry seedlings. Korpelainen, H; Liu, M; Mao, X; Song, Q; Yi, L; Yu, F, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " However, studies on the toxic effects of cadmium exposure to aquatic animals, particularly olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), are limited." | ( Toxic effects of waterborne cadmium exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and heat shock protein 70 in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthysolivaceus. Choi, YJ; Kim, JH; Lee, DC, 2022) | 1.28 |
| " It is highly persistent toxic metals that are exceptionally distressing industrial and agriculture activities by contaminating soil, water and food." | ( Cadmium toxicity symptoms and uptake mechanism in plants: a review. Abdullahi, UA; Alenazi, MM; Khandaker, MM; Majrashi, A; Mohd, KS; Shaari, NEM; Tajudin, MTFM, 2022) | 2.16 |
| " The toxic effects of Cd(II) on the growth rate of Limnothrix sp." | ( Comparison of Growth Performance, Pigment Synthesis, and Esterase Activity of Synechococcus sp. HS01 and Limnothrix sp. KO01 in Response to Cadmium Toxicity. Azarivand, A; Noghabi, KA; Noghabi, NA; Shahryari, S; Vali, H; Zahiri, HS, 2022) | 0.92 |
| " Others are explicitly toxic at low concentrations, increasing the risk of organ-related toxicity." | ( Interactions and toxicity of non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg): lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. Abolaji, AO; Fasae, KD, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The presence of heavy metals in too large amounts in products is a serious problem due to their allergenic and toxic effect." | ( Heavy metals in leathers, artificial leathers, and textiles in the context of quality and safety of use. Bielak, E; Marcinkowska, E, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Several studies have indicated that numerous metals and metalloids can display severe adverse properties on the human reproductive system." | ( Heavy metal and metalloid - induced reproductive toxicity. Goutam Mukherjee, A; Ramesh Wanjari, U; Renu, K; Valsala Gopalakrishnan, A; Vellingiri, B, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, the adverse effects of NPs and heavy metals, both alone and combined on freshwater benthic fauna remain largely unclear." | ( Chronic toxicity effects of sediment-associated polystyrene nanoplastics alone and in combination with cadmium on a keystone benthic species Bellamya aeruginosa. Gong, S; Li, J; Luo, B; Ma, T; Mi, Y; Wang, M; Xiang, J; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2022) | 0.94 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two of the most toxic and globally prevalent pollutants, disproportionately impacting disadvantaged communities." | ( From speciation to toxicity: Using a "Two-in-One" whole-cell bioreporter approach to assess harmful effects of Cd and Pb. Li, B; Tefsen, B; Wells, M; Zhang, X, 2022) | 1.63 |
| " However, their dermal bioaccessibility and adverse effects on human skin cells were not fully understood." | ( Dermal bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity of heavy metals in urban soils from a typical plateau city: Implication for human health. Cui, DL; Gao, P; Li, JY; Li, MY; Ma, JY; Wang, J; Xiang, P; Yang, DL, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " To reveal the synergistic effects of GO and toxic metal ions, we uncovered that GO could enhance the intracellular content of metal ions by inhibiting the efflux function of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters which are distributed on the cellular membrane, and artificial lung fluids incubation of GO could enhance this synergistic effect." | ( Biotransformation of graphene oxide within lung fluids could intensify its synergistic biotoxicity effect with cadmium by inhibiting cellular efflux of cadmium. Du, E; Fu, Q; Liu, L; Ma, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhu, J, 2022) | 0.93 |
| " The intake of contaminants including potenially toxic elements (PTEs) can occur through food, air, water and some medicines." | ( Differential toxicity of potentially toxic elements to human gut microbes. Bolan, N; Bolan, S; Grainge, I; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Seshadri, B; Talley, NJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| ", Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac) are secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis, which can manage pests via a complicated toxic mechanism and have been widely used for pest control due to the commercialization of transgenic crops (e." | ( Toxic effects of the combined cadmium and Cry1Ab protein exposure on the protective and transcriptomic responses of Pirata subpiraticus. Chen, LJ; Lei, ZY; Lv, B; Peng, Y; Peng, YD; Wang, Z, 2022) | 1.01 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant that can severely damage the kidneys." | ( The role of autophagy in cadmium-induced acute toxicity in glomerular mesangial cells and tracking polyubiquitination of cytoplasmic p53 as a biomarker. Jung, KT; Oh, SH, 2022) | 2.47 |
| "Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that is capable of accumulating in the body and causing neurodegeneration." | ( Effect of zinc and copper ions on cadmium-induced toxicity in rat cultured cortical neurons. Alexandrova, OP; Genrikhs, EE; Isaev, NK; Novikova, SV; Salmina, AB; Stelmashook, EV, 2022) | 2.44 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal that is toxic to plants and humans." | ( Silicon-enhanced tolerance to cadmium toxicity in soybean by enhancing antioxidant defense capacity and changing cadmium distribution and transport. Cai, Z; Cheng, Y; Lian, T; Ma, Q; Nian, H; Xian, P; Yang, Y; Zhou, Q, 2022) | 2.45 |
| "In this paper, the spatial distribution, pollution degree, ecological toxicity and possible sources of seven potentially toxic elements (PTEs) collected from the surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay (QZB) were analyzed by obtaining concentration measurements." | ( Multivariate statistical analysis of potentially toxic elements in the sediments of Quanzhou Bay, China: Spatial relationships, ecological toxicity and sources identification. Jiang, R; Lin, C; Lin, H; Liu, Y; Wang, L; Wang, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Heavy metal contamination is a serious environmental issue that jeopardize global food production and safety, while cadmium (Cd) is a most widely distributed heavy metal in the earth's crust and highly toxic to organisms." | ( Exogenous calcium oxide nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity by reducing Cd uptake and enhancing antioxidative capacity in barley seedlings. Ahmed, T; Ali, S; Nazir, MM; Noman, M; Ulhassan, Z; Zeng, F; Zhang, G, 2022) | 1.19 |
| " Antioxidant ingredients may be helpful in preventing the adverse effects of Cd." | ( The role of well-known antioxidant vitamins in the prevention of cadmium-induced toxicity. Kozłowska, L; Sitek, A, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " However, little is known about the threshold of soil pH for the safe production of rice at various soil Cd levels." | ( The determination of regulating thresholds of soil pH under different cadmium stresses using a predictive model for rice safe production. Chen, Y; Ling, Y; Liu, H; Liu, N; Wei, S, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " This study aims to explore feasible technologies applicable to different risk lands and develop a practical solution for safe rice production at a regional scale." | ( Precise and differentiated solutions for safe usage of Cd-polluted paddy fields at regional scale in southern China: Technical methods and field validation. Liao, X; Wang, L; Yang, B; Zhang, Q; Zhao, F, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The lethal toxic concentration (LC50) for Cd was higher than 650 mg Cd/kg dry soil for all conditions." | ( The effect of polystyrene microplastic and biosolid application on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium for Enchytraeus crypticus. Ozkul, F; Ozturk, I; Topuz, E, 2023) | 1.13 |
| " The high surface ratio of MPs make them effective transmission mediums for many toxic pollutants." | ( Comparison of the combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and different concentrations of cadmium in zebrafish. Xie, Y; Yang, H; Zhang, Y; Zheng, C; Zhou, Z; Zhu, T; Zhu, Z, 2022) | 0.94 |
| "The use of low-cost substances such as biochar could be a sustainable approach to reduce the mobility, accumulation, and toxic impact of heavy metals in crop systems." | ( Effect of biochar amendment on metal mobility, phytotoxicity, soil enzymes, and metal-uptakes by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in contaminated soils. Chand, N; Pandey, B; Suthar, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that is widely present in the environment." | ( Cadmium Toxicity Is Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ in Human Proximal Tubular Cells. Lee, JY; Mori, C; Satoh, M; Tokumoto, M, 2022) | 3.61 |
| "The safe use of arable land is one of the important measures to ensure food security and to realize the construction of ecological civilization." | ( [Zoning and Safe Utilization Method of Heavy Metal Contaminated Cultivated Land at Block Scale]. Jia, ZM; Jiang, YL; Li, Y; Wang, R; Yu, F; Yu, J; Zhang, YY; Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of toxic heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, posing life-threatening challenges to organisms." | ( Transcriptomic analysis of cadmium toxicity and molecular response in the spiderling of Pirata subpiraticus. Chen, LJ; Li, ZZ; Zhou, XW, 2022) | 2.46 |
| " However, proteomic findings suggest that the application of FA can reduce the adverse effects of Cd contamination." | ( Physiology and proteomics reveal Fulvic acid mitigates Cadmium adverse effects on growth and photosynthetic properties of lettuce. Chen, H; Chen, X; Xu, X; Zhang, X, 2022) | 0.97 |
| "The coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and toxic metal contaminants in soils is becoming increasingly common, thereby posing serious threat to soil-plant systems." | ( Microplastics addition reduced the toxicity and uptake of cadmium to Brassica chinensis L. Chen, L; Duan, C; Fang, L; Li, Y; Qiu, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " Nevertheless, the toxic effects of chemical combinations on aquatic animals and their underlying toxic mechanisms for dealing with such exposures are still not fully understood." | ( Mixture toxicity of cadmium and acetamiprid to the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Hu, G; Li, X; Shi, H; Wan, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Zhu, J, 2022) | 1.04 |
| "82) were low compared to other pinniped pups, indicating potential vulnerability of pups to the toxic effects of Hg." | ( Non-essential heavy metals and protective effects of selenium against mercury toxicity in endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) pups with hookworm disease. Gray, R; Lee, D; McQuilty, R; Taylor, S; Terkildsen, M; Wing-Simpson, A, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium is a toxic element to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment." | ( The mechanism of the cadmium-induced toxicity and cellular response in the liver. Bucio-Ortiz, L; Fabián, JJ; Gomez-Quiroz, LE; Gutiérrez-Ruiz, MC; Miranda-Labra, RU; Souza-Arroyo, V, 2022) | 2.48 |
| "5-50 nM) via sublethally toxic (< 550 nM) to highly, ultimately lethally toxic (3 µM) concentrations." | ( Sublethal and lethal Cd toxicity in soybean roots specifically affects the metabolome, Cd binding to proteins and cellular distribution of Cd. Andresen, E; Bokhari, SNH; Brückner, D; Falkenberg, G; Flores-Sanchez, IJ; Küpper, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In the presence of NPs, more extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) appeared, which helped to reduce the toxic effect on the algal cells." | ( Toxicity effects of microplastics and nanoplastics with cadmium on the alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Chen, H; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 1.16 |
| " Cd is a toxic heavy metal without any known physiological function in the organism, leading to severe health threat to the population." | ( Curative Potential of Substances with Bioactive Properties to Alleviate Cd Toxicity: A Review. Kovár, M; Navrátilová, A; Požgajová, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Metals are common toxic environmental pollutants." | ( The Epitranscriptomic Mechanism of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis. Wang, Z; Yang, C, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) can be used as effective exogenous substances to alleviate the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) on rice and other crops, thus improving plant growth characteristics under stress conditions, and reducing the accumulation of Cd in grains, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear." | ( Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum reduces cadmium uptake and mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings. Cheng, X; Li, KT; Peng, SY; Peng, WF; Yu, SJ; Zhang, B, 2022) | 1.18 |
| "Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use." | ( Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations. Abdulwahab, A; Albukhary, N; Almukainzi, M; Alotaibi, L; El Mahdy, AM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal in the environment." | ( Cadmium impairs the development of natural killer cells and bidirectionally modifies their capacity for cytotoxicity. He, J; He, M; Li, Q; Liu, Y; Qu, W; Tang, M; Xu, Y; Xue, P; Yao, Y; Zhai, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2023) | 3.8 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal contaminant and has highly toxic to organisms, plants and humans even at low doses." | ( Toxicity of single and combined 4-epianhydrotetracycline and cadmium at environmentally relevant concentrations on the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Lin, Y; Wang, M; Wu, L; Yu, J, 2023) | 2.06 |
| " Studies have shown that cadmium is an effective inducer of oxidative stress, DNA damage, ER stress, and autophagy, which are thought to be adaptive stress responses that allow cells exposed to cadmium to survive in an adverse environment." | ( The Effect of Oxidative Stress-Induced Autophagy by Cadmium Exposure in Kidney, Liver, and Bone Damage, and Neurotoxicity. Liu, Z; Ma, Y; Song, R; Su, Q; Yue, C; Zhao, H; Zhu, J; Zou, H, 2022) | 1.28 |
| " Furthermore, BM and OS were found to suppress the Cd and Pb uptake by water spinach, keeping them below international standards for safe utilization." | ( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " They are highly toxic and can have a negative impact on soil fertility." | ( Combined toxicity of Cd and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the earthworm Eisenia andrei under biochar amendment. Banni, M; Boughattas, I; Bousserrhine, N; Hattab, S; Helaoui, S; Missawi, O; Mkhinini, M; Mokni, M; Zitouni, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We selected a typical calcareous soil area in western China that has been irrigated with wastewater for >50 years to explore safe use strategies for flax farmland contaminated by cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As)." | ( Exploring the safe utilization strategy of calcareous agricultural land irrigated with wastewater for over 50 years. Hu, Y; Ma, S; Nan, Z; Wang, R; Wang, W; Zhang, Q, 2023) | 1.1 |
| " Lead (Pb) is a well-known human carcinogen causing toxic effects on humans and the environment." | ( An assessment of the efficacy of biochar and zero-valent iron nanoparticles in reducing lead toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Aqeel, M; Ashraf, S; Ibrahim, M; Irshad, MK; Lam, SS; Liew, RK; Mahmood, A; Nauman Mahamood, M; Noman, A; Zhu, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous and highly toxic heavy metal pollutant, is toxic to animals and plants." | ( Ca alleviated Cd-induced toxicity in Salix matsudana by affecting Cd absorption, translocation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms. Shang, X; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Zou, J, 2023) | 2.35 |
| " Of concern, Cd exposure caused significant toxic damage, including increased mortality and malformation rates, apoptosis of brain neurons, and severe locomotor behavior aberration in mutant zebrafish." | ( Evaluation of the oxidative toxicity induced by lead, manganese, and cadmium using genetically modified nrf2a-mutant zebrafish. Liao, G; Meng, X; Peng, T; Xu, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhu, J; Zou, F, 2023) | 1.14 |
| "Understanding the formation of protein corona (PC) is of vital importance for exploring the toxicity of nanoparticles and promoting their safe applications." | ( The impact of Zn doping on CdTe quantum dots-protein corona formation and the subsequent toxicity at the molecular and cellular level. Chen, S; Hong, X; Li, W; Wang, J; Yang, B; Yu, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, microbial agents (a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and a commercial microbial product named OBT) and soil amendments (β-cyclodextrin, rice husk, biochar, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and organic fertilizer) were evaluated to determine their applicability in alleviating toxicity to crops (maize and soybean) posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and potentially toxic metals co-contaminated soils." | ( Integrative effects of microbial inoculation and amendments on improved crop safety in industrial soils co-contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Cao, X; Cui, X; Cui, Z; Ni, SQ; Xu, L; Xue, W; Zhao, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Ryegrass was planted for further investigating the toxic effect of heavy metals in soil after remediation." | ( [Mn/Al-layered Double Oxide-loaded Biochar Reduced the Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Ryegrass in Soil]. Lin, PC; Liu, H; Liu, XF; Qi, X; Yan, CY; Yin, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Atorvastatin pretreatment prevented kidney damage following exposure to toxic doses of cadmium." | ( Atorvastatin prevents cadmium-induced renal toxicity in a rat model. Bandegi, AR; Dehdashti, A; Ghanbari, A; Goodarzi, Z; Karami, E; Yosefi, S, 2023) | 1.45 |
| " Notably, alterations in organoid morphology characterized by abnormal morphology rate were correlated with specific intestinal toxic effects, including reduction in cell viability and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, dysfunction of mucus production, and damage to epithelial barrier upon repeated administration." | ( Morphological alterations in C57BL/6 mouse intestinal organoids as a tool for predicting chemical-induced toxicity. Aschner, M; Chen, L; Chen, S; Chen, W; Guo, Z; Jiang, X; Jiang, Y; Li, D; Li, M; Pang, Y; Wang, Z; Xing, X; Ye, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy systems is a serious problem, and a strategy must be devised that ensures safe grain production and rapid remediation of soil Cd contamination." | ( A rice-chicory rotation pattern ensures safe grain production and phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: A four-year field experiment in southern China. Deng, X; Huang, Q; Qin, Y; Rong, X; Wu, S; Wu, W; Yang, Y; Zeng, Q, 2023) | 2.58 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic and carcinogenic substance that is present in the natural environment." | ( The Cd/Zn Axis: Emerging Concepts in Cellular Fate and Cytotoxicity. Camilli, S; Desaraju, A; Galam, L; Gattu, M; Johns, CE; Kolliputi, N, 2023) | 2.35 |
| " These findings provide guidelines for a safe utilization of treated wastewater in agricultural systems and to reduce freshwater use pressure." | ( Treated Livestock Wastewater Irrigation Is Safe for Maize ( Diatta, S; Hamani, AKM; Kama, R; Li, S; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Song, J; Yang, F; Zhao, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The grain Cd content was decreased by an average of about 75% in two field sites, which even ensured safe grain production in areas with medium Cd pollution." | ( Safe usage of Cd-polluted paddy fields using alkaline Si-rich compound amendment: Effect and mechanism. Liao, X; Liu, Q; Wang, L; Xiao, Y; Yang, B; Zhang, Q; Zhao, F, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants found in aquatic ecosystems." | ( Translatomics and physiological analyses of the detoxification mechanism of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium toxicity. Deng, X; Huang, K; Long, H; Peng, Z; Tang, Y; Wang, X; Yao, S; Yu, F; Zhang, B, 2023) | 2.56 |
| " Toxic metal exposure, especially cadmium, arsenic, and lead, causes oxidative damages, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic modifications." | ( Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways. Ghasemi, F; Nili-Ahmadabadi, A; Nili-Ahmadabadi, M; Omidifar, N, 2023) | 1.45 |
| "Intercropping with hyperaccumulators is believed to be an important and efficient way to achieve simultaneous safe agricultural production and phytoremediation of polluted soils." | ( Effects of intercropping on safe agricultural production and phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Feng, Y; Fu, Y; Huang, L; Li, Z; Liu, C; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Wen, Z; Xu, S; Yu, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "To explore the effect and persistent effect of thiolated montmorillonite (TM) on safe production in cadmium (Cd) contaminated cropland, a two-year field experiment was conducted with different application amounts of TM." | ( [Effect and Persistent Effect of Thiolated Montmorillonite on Safe Production in Cadmium-contaminated Cropland]. Cao, P; Chen, YG; Feng, XC; Jiang, HY; Jiao, HP; Li, YY; Zhu, HR, 2023) | 1.35 |
| " To obtain the linkage between investigated toxic mixture and thyroid diseases (TDs), the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used, while gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed by ToppGeneSuite portal." | ( In silico assessment of mixture toxicity mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases: The combination of toxic metal(oid)s and decabrominated diphenyl ether. Antonijević Miljaković, E; Antonijević, B; Baralić, K; Buha Đorđević, A; Bulat, Z; Ćurčić, M; Radović, B; Stojilković, N; Vukelić Javorac, D; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to all organisms including plants, and recently tryptophan (Trp) pretreatment of plant seedlings is shown to improve Cd tolerance." | ( Tryptophan pretreatment adjusts transcriptome and metabolome profiles to alleviate cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis. Li, Y; Qi, X, 2023) | 2.58 |
| " Bioaccessible Cd in topsoil was responsible for those adverse effects." | ( The spatial distribution, health risk, and cytotoxicity of metal(loid)s in contaminated field soils: The role of Cd in human gastric cells damage. Deng, YR; Li, L; Li, WY; Ma, JY; Niu, YY; Su, JZ; Tuo, YF; Xiang, P; Yang, ZY, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Overall, we concluded that excessive cadmium exposure could be potentially exerted adverse effects to the mud crab health by inducing oxidative damage, decreasing immune system, disrupting metabolic function, and altering intestinal microbial composition." | ( Toxic effects of cadmium exposure on intestinal histology, oxidative stress, microbial community, and transcriptome change in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Cheng, CH; Deng, YQ; Fan, SG; Feng, J; Guo, ZX; Jiang, JJ; Liu, GX; Ma, HL, 2023) | 1.52 |
| "Cadmium is toxic to plants." | ( Biochar and nano-ferric oxide synergistically alleviate cadmium toxicity of muskmelon. Cheng, Y; Dai, Z; Li, J; Qiu, L; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y; Zou, Z, 2023) | 2.6 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both animals and plants." | ( Expression of TaNCL2-A ameliorates cadmium toxicity by increasing calcium and enzymatic antioxidants activities in arabidopsis. Pandey, A; Sharma, A; Sharma, Y; Singh, K; Tyagi, S; Upadhyay, SK, 2023) | 2.63 |
| " Some of these heavy metals are toxic to both humans and animals." | ( Analysis of heavy metals and toxicity level in the tannery effluent and the environs. Mehra, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Using the improved factor analysis model and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, a new model was constructed according to the response surface methodology to analyze the acute toxic effects on earthworms under the combined stress of microplastics and cadmium." | ( A method to study the effects of combined stress of cadmium and microplastics on the acute toxicity of Eisenia fetida. Lu, J; Ning, Y; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Zhou, D; Zhou, H; Zou, D, 2023) | 1.34 |
| "The Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) cadmium (Cd) is one of the most serious stressors polluting the marine environment." | ( Sources, bioaccumulation, and toxicity mechanisms of cadmium in Chlamys farreri. Cui, Y; Han, D; Hu, S; Jiang, F; Jiang, L; Li, H; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Tian, X; Xu, Y, 2023) | 1.43 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is among the toxic pollutants that harms the both animals and plants." | ( Reduction in the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by regulating physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense system via soil and foliar application of melatonin. Awan, SA; Huang, L; Irshad, MA; Khan, I; Rizwan, M; Xiaosan, W; Zhang, X, 2023) | 2.69 |
| "This field study explored safe rice production in Cd-contaminated red paddy soil by application of the combined Si-/Se- containing foliar inhibitors (Si or Se) and the mixture amendments of quicklime (Q), polyacrylamide (A), or/and sepiolite (S) at low (1) and high (2) application rates." | ( Safe Rice Production in Cd-Contaminated Paddy Soil: Strategy and Environmental Implications. He, L; Liu, H; Wu, S; Zhang, F; Zhang, G, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Resveratrol (RES), present in the edible portions of numerous plants, is a simply acquirable and correspondingly less toxic natural compound with neuroprotective potential, which provides some theoretical bases for antagonizing Cd-induced cerebral toxicity." | ( Resveratrol protects against cadmium-induced cerebrum toxicity through modifications of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in microsomes. Ge, J; Li, JL; Li, JY; Lv, MW; Sun, XH; Zhang, C, 2023) | 1.2 |
| " Reduction in Cd accumulation or induction of PCs by Cu could not suppress the toxicity of Se above safe levels." | ( Selenium alleviates cadmium and copper toxicity in Gracilaria lemaneiformis (rhodophyta) with contrasting detoxification strategies. Wu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, W; Zuo, C, 2023) | 1.23 |
| " The acute toxic tests showed that S-dinotefuran has higher toxic than that of R-dinotefuran." | ( Effect of Cd/Cu on the toxicity and stereoselective environmental behavior of dinotefuran in earthworms Eisenia foetida. Liu, C; Qin, K; Tan, Z; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that targets the kidney directly in the body." | ( Beneficial effects of Chrysin on Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Modulating the levels of Nrf2/HO-1, RAGE/NLRP3, and Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathways. Akaras, N; Gür, C; Kandemir, FM; Küçükler, S; Şimşek, H, 2023) | 2.63 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal pollutant, is a threat to human and eatable fish health." | ( Cadmium exposure caused cardiotoxicity in common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.): miR-9-5p, oxidative stress, energetic impairment, mitochondrial division/fusion imbalance, inflammation, and autophagy. Hao, Z; Kang, L; Lin, X; Liu, Y; Sun, W; Tang, Y; Teng, X; Yu, M, 2023) | 3.8 |
| " As more attention has been paid to the effect of toxic metals on the migration of antibiotic resistance genes, the critical role of the gut microbiota in CIP-modifying Cd toxicity in earthworms remains unclear." | ( Ciprofloxacin enhances cadmium toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida by altering the gut microorganism composition. Ke, L; Qian, L; Shao, X; Shi, Y; Xu, Q; Zhou, X, 2023) | 1.22 |
| " The main objective of the present study is to see if the concomitant exposure to MPs and Cd is more toxic than that to MPs or Cd separately in Aphanius fasciatus." | ( Combined toxic effects of cadmium and environmental microplastics in Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Abbassi, A; Banni, M; Casado, M; Kessabi, K; Lahmar, S; Messaoudi, I; Piña, B, 2023) | 1.21 |
| "We deduced that using of silymarin during gestation is effective and ameliorate the toxic maternal complications caused by cadmium." | ( Amelioration of silymarin against cadmium-induced toxicity in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Dakrory, AE; Nour, AA; Omar, AR, 2023) | 1.4 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxic to the gut microbiome." | ( Toxicity of cadmium on dynamic human gut microbiome cultures and the protective effect of cadmium-tolerant bacteria autochthonous to the gut. Auchtung, JM; Motta-Romero, HA; Perez-Donado, CE; Rose, DJ, 2023) | 2.73 |
| "Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant and a highly toxic metal." | ( Pomegranate peel extract, N-Acetylcysteine and their combination with Ornipural alleviate Cadmium-induced toxicity in rats. Demirbas, A; Dik, B; Gungor, H; Korkmaz, Y, 2023) | 2.57 |
| "To avoid human health endangerment via the food chain, the investigation of Cd's effects on plant growth and development, and the discovery of various compounds that would mitigate the toxic effects of Cd, are essential." | ( Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides mitigate cadmium toxicity in maize protoplasts by improving viability and cell wall regeneration. Bajus, M; Hačkuličová, D; Kollárová, K; Labancová, E; Šípošová, K; Vivodová, Z, 2023) | 1.17 |
| "Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a considerable threat to the safe production of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China." | ( Selenium improves the medicinal safety and quality of Bletilla striata by promoting the fixation of cadmium in root: Pot and field experiments. Ao, T; Cao, Y; Chen, K; Chen, W; Du, H; Kang, Y; Li, N; Mou, H; Sun, H; Yang, L, 2023) | 1.64 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a strong toxic agent and causes serious damage to testicular tissues." | ( Effects of chrysin in cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in the rat; role of multi-pathway regulation. Aygörmez, S; Gür, C; Kandemir, FM; Küçükler, S; Tuncer, SÇ, 2023) | 2.67 |
| " Therefore, this experiment was conducted to explore the role of exogenous applied strigolactone (SL) in alleviating the toxic effects of Cd and to unravel its physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in wheat." | ( Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in wheat by strigolactone: Regulating cadmium uptake, nitric oxide signaling, and genes encoding antioxidant defense system. Alsahli, AA; Asad, M; Imran, A; Khan Niazi, MB; Khan, Z; Shah, T, 2023) | 1.26 |
| " The present study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and antibiotics (TC) on Triticum aestivum (T." | ( Toxic effects of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and tetracycline (TC) on the growth and development of Triticum aestivum: A meta-analysis. Ahmad, M; Gao, S; Han, JC; Huang, Y; Khan, KA; Li, B; Rahman, SU; Zhao, X; Zhou, Y, 2023) | 1.2 |
| " The results showed that combined polyethylene (PE) and Cd pollution reduced the length and the fresh and dry weights of sorghum plants and thus exerted a synergistic toxic effect." | ( Plant growth-promoting bacteria modulate gene expression and induce antioxidant tolerance to alleviate synergistic toxicity from combined microplastic and Cd pollution in sorghum. Chen, Y; Chen, ZJ; Han, H; Li, YY; Liu, YQ; Ren, XM; Zhang, H; Zhang, YJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Se (Selenium) has been reported to be an important protective agent to decreases Cd (Cadmium) induced toxic in plants." | ( Se Ameliorates Cd Toxicity in Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings by Inhibiting Cd Transporter Genes and Maintaining root Plasma Membrane Integrity. Hu, C; Li, S; Shi, G; Tang, Y; Wu, C; Zhao, X; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Y, 2023) | 1.13 |
| " However, the direct adverse effect of Cd on embryos without inducing maternal anemia remains unclear." | ( Blocked erythroid differentiation and delayed enucleation of erythroblasts may contribute to murine embryonic toxicity upon exposure to low dose of cadmium. Li, J; Ma, W; Sun, L; Wang, Q; Zhang, B; Zhang, S; Zhao, Y, 2023) | 1.11 |
| " In this study, we attempt to assess the relation of individual and combined toxic effects of Cd and aniline using a bacterial consortium cultured from soils as a model system." | ( Unraveling the complexities of Cd-aniline composite pollution: Insights from standalone and joint toxicity assessments in a bacterial community. Chen, J; Chen, Y; Sui, B; Teng, HH; Wang, Y; Zhang, J; Zhu, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, twenty-four 8-week-old mice were arbitrarily separated into 4 groups: CK (control group), IMI (15 mg/kg bw/day, 1/10 LD50), Cd (15 mg/kg bw/day, 1/10 LD50), and IMI + Cd (15 mg/kg bw/day IMI + 15 mg/kg bw/d Cd) and the combined toxic effects of IMI and Cd were examined with biochemical (oxidative stress testing) and omics approaches (metabolomics and lipidomics)." | ( Changes in toxicity after mixing imidacloprid and cadmium: enhanced, diminished, or both? From a perspective of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in mice. Agarry, IE; Cai, T; Chen, K; Shi, H; Wang, Y; Zeng, Q; Zhou, C, 2023) | 1.16 |
| " HSF1's role in cadmium exposure may provide important insights into the toxic effects of heavy metals on human cells and body organs, allowing us to better manage heavy metal poisoning." | ( HSF1 protects cells from cadmium toxicity by governing proteome integrity. Chen, Y; Jin, H; Li, X; Liang, R; Liu, L; Tang, Z; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 1.56 |
| "Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals, has been extensively studied by environmental scientists because of its detrimental effects on plants, animals, and humans." | ( Effect and mechanism of nano-materials on plant resistance to cadmium toxicity: A review. Abbas, M; Fan, W; Li, R; Li, T; Liu, P; Liu, Z; Qin, M; Wu, X; Yan, J, 2023) | 2.59 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can be readily absorbed by plants and enriched in human body." | ( Multi-omics analysis reveals differential molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in rice root tip and mature zone. Gao, F; Kuang, L; Tang, W; Wu, D; Yan, T, 2024) | 3.12 |
| " Heavy metals produce adverse effects not only on the human reproductive system, but also on the fetus by penetrating the placental barrier, and on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as well, consequently affecting sexual maturation and reproductive function." | ( [Heavy metal exposure and reproductive toxicity: Advances in studies]. Shang, XJ; Sheng, ZC; Xu, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants and other living beings." | ( The damage caused by Cd toxicity to photosynthesis, cellular ultrastructure, antioxidant metabolism, and gene expression in young cacao plants are mitigated by high Mn doses in soil. Ahnert, D; Baligar, VC; Barroso, JP; de Almeida, AF; do Nascimento, JL; Dos Santos, IC; Mangabeira, PAO; Oliveira, BRM, 2023) | 1.82 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal and readily accumulates in tobacco, which imperils public health via Cd exposure from smoking." | ( Integrated physiological and omics analyses reveal the mechanism of beneficial fungal Trichoderma sp. alleviating cadmium toxicity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Ali, MA; Chen, ZH; Gao, ZF; Qiu, CW; Shi, SH; Wang, F; Wu, F; Zhang, C; Zhang, S, 2023) | 2.56 |
| " In our field study, three kinds of alkaline calcium-rich soil inorganic amendments (SIAs) at three dosages were applied to produce safe rice and improve the quality of rice in Cd-contaminated paddy." | ( Soil inorganic amendments produce safe rice by reducing the transfer of Cd and increasing key amino acids in brown rice. Kong, F; Lu, S, 2024) | 1.44 |
The goal of this study was to assess a cadmium (Cd) physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to evaluate Cd toxicological reference values.
Cadmium (Cd) alone, and in combination with different concentrations of CaCl2, on growth, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) Cd absorption by hairy roots of S. nigrum.
The study assessed the impact of cadmium on naphthalene biodegradation by a newly isolated strain of Comamonas testosteroni in three chemically-defined minimal salts media. The data currently available indicates that, both in humans and in experimental animals, the bioavailability of dietary Cadmium is not very different from that of ionic cadmiam.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Breakfast was extrinsically tagged with 115mCdCl2, and a poorly absorbed marker, 51CrCl3, was added to determine the point of complete elimination of unabsorbed radiocadmium from the gastrointestinal tract." | ( Measurement of dietary cadmium absorption in humans. Chamberlain, MJ; Flanagan, PR; McLellan, JS; Valberg, LS, 1978) | 0.76 |
| " Based on the more pronounced cadmium accumulation among smokers than nonsmokers, the respiratory absorption rate of cadmium from tobacco smoke is estimated to be approximately 50%." | ( Cadmium in kidney cortex, liver, and pancreas from Swedish autopsies. Estimation of biological half time in kidney cortex, considering calorie intake and smoking habits. Elinder, CG; Friberg, L; Kjellström, T; Lind, B; Linnman, L, ) | 1.86 |
| " Inorganic forms of cadmium, mercury, and lead are poorly absorbed from the intestine." | ( Metabolism and toxicity of cadmium, mercury, and lead in animals: a review. Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1975) | 0.87 |
| " After comparison with literature data it was concluded that the bioavailability of Cd in laboratory tests is often higher than the bioavailability in the field at the same total concentrations." | ( A comparison of test systems for assessing effects of metals on isopod ecological functions. Krijgsman, M; Postma, JF; Van Wensem, J; Van Westrienen, RW; Wezenbeek, JM, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " All the data currently available indicates that, both in humans and in experimental animals, the bioavailability of dietary cadmium is not very different from that of ionic cadmium." | ( Factors affecting the intestinal uptake of cadmium from the diet. Andersen, O; Nielsen, JB; Nordberg, GF, 1992) | 0.75 |
| " The implications for bioavailability of chemical and physical speciation also need to be considered, especially in the analysis of airborne particulates and foodstuffs." | ( Quantitative analyses of cadmium: quality assured? Brown, SS, 1992) | 0.59 |
| " The contribution of CdS particles to the observed lung tumor rate depends on the bioavailability of CdS retained in the lungs." | ( Effect of photocorrosion on cadmium sulfide suspensions applied in animal inhalation studies with CdS particles. Heinrich, U; Kock, H; König, HP; Peters, L, 1992) | 0.58 |
| " The effects of plant Zn and plant species on plant Cd bioavailability were tested in Japanese quail fed lettuce and spinach." | ( Interactions of plant zinc and plant species on the bioavailability of plant cadmium to Japanese quail fed lettuce and spinach. Chaney, RL; Leach, RM; McKenna, IM; Tao, SH; Williams, FM, 1992) | 0.51 |
| "pH and calcium are important as factors determining heavy metal bioavailability to soil organisms." | ( Effect of pH and calcium on lead and cadmium uptake by earthworms in water. Kiewiet, AT; Ma, WC, 1991) | 0.55 |
| " Milk increases the bioavailability of Hg++." | ( [The toxicological estimation of the heavy metal content (Cd, Hg, Pb) in food for infants and small children]. Schümann, K, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "The bioavailability of chemicals has received considerable attention in aquatic toxicology, and it is generally agreed that information about bioavailability is lacking in many situations." | ( The perfused fish gill preparation in studies of the bioavailability of chemicals. Pärt, P, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " This result could be due to both increased rate of absorption and increased published extensive changes in the toxicokinetics of cadmium induced by DDC are mainly due to the high cadmium doses employed and the intraperitoneal administration of DDC." | ( Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the toxicokinetics of cadmium chloride in mice. Andersen, O; Nielsen, JB, 1989) | 0.72 |
| " This could be explained by the low level or low bioavailability of elements from MM, by the metal-metal interaction within the mixture or by the choice of health effect indicators determined." | ( Effect of a metal mixture in diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, mercury and manganese in rats. Blanusa, M; Kello, D; Kostial, K; Maljković, T; Rabar, I; Stara, JF, 1989) | 0.51 |
| " This is in accordance with the depressive effect of Pb and Zn on the bioavailability of this metal." | ( Indicators of lead, zinc and cadmium exposure in cattle: II. Controlled feeding and recovery. Charles, E; Clauw, M; Joseph-Enriquez, B; Mehennaoui, S; Milhaud, GE, 1988) | 0.57 |
| " It is presumed that the range of the 95% confidence region for the individual BHTs of renal Cd exists in a range from a few years to at least 100 years because of large individual variations in exposure, absorption rate and excretion rate." | ( Warning against the indiscriminate use of a biological half-time model in deriving the critical concentration of metals. Sugita, M; Tsuchiya, K, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " It attempts to examine in kinetic terms how such molecules may exert homeostatic control over the intracellular bioavailability of metal ions to essential enzymatic or other molecular systems." | ( Roles of metallothionein and related proteins in metal metabolism and toxicity: problems and perspectives. Fowler, BA; Petering, DH, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " This study proved that lung compartmental cadmium and metallothionein contents as well as lung lavage analysis can describe the bioavailability of inhaled cadmium." | ( Bioavailability indicators of inhaled cadmium compounds. Glaser, U; Hochrainer, D; Klöppel, H, 1986) | 0.8 |
| "Experiments on rats were made to study absorption, distribution in tissues and bioavailability of feed (internal label) and mineral (external label) cadmium-109." | ( [Comparative evaluation of the biological availability of dietary and mineral cadmium]. Bogomazov, MIa, ) | 0.56 |
| " Although intraluminal factors influence the bioavailability of metals, the major control level of absorption probably resides in the intestinal mucosal cell." | ( The bioavailability of iron, lead and cadmium via gastrointestinal absorption: a review. Ragan, HA, 1983) | 0.54 |
| " Zinc-65 and technetium-95m were well-absorbed by both age groups; chromium-51, cadmium-109, tin-113, promethium-147, and plutonium-238 were not." | ( Gastrointestinal absorption of metals (51Cr, 65Zn, 95mTc, 109Cd, 113Sn, 147Pm, and 238Pu) by rats and swine. Goebel, JC; Miller, BM; Sullivan, MF, 1984) | 0.49 |
| " While it is concluded that the bioavailability of cadmium contained in mushrooms is not less than that of cadmium contained in other feeds and foods, most mushroom species do not contain more cadmium than other vegetables." | ( [Determination of the bioavailability of cadmium in mushrooms in a feeding experiment with rats; relevance for man]. Diehl, JF; Schlemmer, U, 1984) | 0.79 |
| " Consequently, the absorption rate of Cd2+ 24 hr after the Cd2+ challenge was markedly reduced by pretreatment at 24 hr prior to the challenge dose." | ( Defense mechanisms against cadmium toxicity II. Effects of pretreatment with a small oral dose of cadmium on absorption, distribution and excretion of cadmium after a large oral dose in mice. Morita, S, 1984) | 0.56 |
| " There are only a few measurements of cadmium bioavailability in foods; however, the data are indicative of lower utilization from foods than from inorganic salts." | ( Cadmium bioavailability. Fox, MR, 1983) | 1.98 |
| " Bioavailability of lead, as shown by tissue lead concentrations, is not always an adequate predictor of lead toxicity." | ( Biotoxicity of lead: influence of various factors. Mahaffey, KR, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "Despite increasing attempts to control environmental pollution, changes in the distribution and bioavailability of toxic metals like mercury and cadmium are still occurring." | ( Cadmium and mercury nephrotoxicity. Kendall, MD; Nicholson, JK; Osborn, D, ) | 1.77 |
| "An overview of pathways for bioavailability of cadmium and lead from diet to mother to fetus during pregnancy and to neonate during lactation is presented." | ( Bioavailability of orally administered cadmium and lead to the mother, fetus, and neonate during pregnancy and lactation: an overview. Bhattacharyya, MH, 1983) | 0.79 |
| " A comparison of the present findings with published data indicated that the concentration of soil Ca and the bioavailability of heavy metals, both factors being allied to soil pH, are important exogenous determinants of heavy metal accumulation by different earthworm populations." | ( The accumulation and intracellular compartmentation of cadmium, lead, zinc and calcium in two earthworm species (Dendrobaena rubida and Lumbricus rubellus) living in highly contaminated soil. Morgan, AJ; Morris, B, 1982) | 0.51 |
| "The recommendation of the Federal Health Office with regard to the consumption of wild mushrooms is based on the preliminary permissible intake of cadmium published by WHO, whereby an absorption rate of 5% has been assumed." | ( [Cadmium intake from wild mushrooms (author's transl)]. Lorenz, H, 1981) | 1.37 |
| " A possible mechanism for this cadmium-induced effect may involve a disturbance of the renal biotransformation of vitamin D, and decreased bioavailability of the essential trace metals due to metallothionein synthesis and excessive loss into the urine." | ( The acute and subacute effects of cadmium an calcium homeostasis and bone trace metals in the rat. Bonner, FW; King, LJ; Parke, DV, 1981) | 0.83 |
| " The bioavailability of plant Cd depends on the content of plant zinc (Zn)." | ( Characterization of a cadmium-zinc complex in lettuce leaves. Chaney, RL; McKenna, IM, 1995) | 0.61 |
| "The bioavailability of Cd from boiled crab hepatopancreas and dried mushroom was studied in relation to that of inorganic Cd (CdCl2)." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium from crab hepatopancreas and mushroom in relation to inorganic cadmium: a 9-week feeding study in mice. Engman, J; Jorhem, L; Lind, Y; Wicklund Glynn, A, 1995) | 0.62 |
| "Published studies in which rats were exposed to CdCl2 in standard chow or drinking water were analyzed to compare the relative bioavailability of cadmium from the two media." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium in food and water: a case study on the derivation of relative bioavailability factors for inorganics and their relevance to the reference dose. Diamond, GL; Gefell, DJ; Ruoff, WL; Stiteler, WM; Velazquez, SF, 1994) | 0.82 |
| " In addition to soil cadmium concentration several soil factors affecting cadmium bioavailability were included in the submodel." | ( A risk-assessment model for toxic exposure of small mammalian carnivores to cadmium in contaminated natural environments. Ma, WC; van der Voet, H, 1993) | 0.83 |
| " The bioavailability of Cd from CdS is thus poor, the majority being cleared from the lungs and excreted in the faeces." | ( Lung deposition, lung clearance and renal accumulation of inhaled cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphide in rats. Klimisch, HJ, 1993) | 0.52 |
| " The results showed that intestinal calcium absorption rate decreased steadily with increasing cadmium load." | ( [Study on cadmium load and calcium deficit]. Mei, JY, 1993) | 0.91 |
| " Thus, there seems to be differences in the bioavailability and/or kinetics of dietary Cd related to the type of diet." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium from shellfish and mixed diet in women. Akesson, A; Berglund, M; Nermell, B; Vahter, M, 1996) | 0.62 |
| " Differences in calcium and magnesium bioavailability due to PA and microbial phytase may be one factor in the alteration of tissue cadmium accumulation." | ( Effect of phytic acid and microbial phytase on Cd accumulation, Zn status, and apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in growing rats. Brandt, K; Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G, 1995) | 0.5 |
| " In situ determined partitioning coefficients (apparent BCF, biota-sediment BSAF, and sediment-water distribution coefficient Kd) varied between locations and covaried with factors related to trace metal bioavailability (aqueous Ca, Cl- and DOC, sediment Org-C, clay, and CaCO3)." | ( Trace metals in populations of freshwater isopods: influence of biotic and abiotic variables. Govers, HA; van Hattum, B; van Straalen, NM, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " One possibility to reduce cadmium burden is to influence the bioavailability of cadmium in the feed by certain vitamins, trace elements and other feed components and thus to lower its content in food from animal origin." | ( [Bioavailability of cadmium: effect of vitamin C and phytase in broiler chickens]. Guillot, I; Rambeck, WA, 1996) | 0.91 |
| " The nonlactating ewes showed a low cadmium bioavailability (0." | ( Toxicokinetics of cadmium in lactating and nonlactating ewes after oral and intravenous administration. Federspiel, B; Houpert, P; Milhaud, G, 1997) | 0.91 |
| " HeLa cells were exposed to 27- or 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 25 W/kg." | ( Stress proteins are not induced in mammalian cells exposed to radiofrequency or microwave radiation. Cao, G; Cleary, SF; Egle, PM; Liu, LM; Shelton, KR, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Similarly the bioavailability of different minerals and trace elements is considerably reduced by phytate complexes." | ( Nutritional significance of phytic acid and phytase. Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Sequential extraction of soil indicates the substantial influence of soil pH and type of ameliorant on the chemical form and bioavailability of the metals." | ( Influence of zeolite, apatite and Fe-oxide on Cd and Pb uptake by crops. Adriano, DC; Chlopecka, A, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "This study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of dietary microbial phytase on the bioavailability of zinc and the accumulation of cadmium and lead in growing rats." | ( Effect of microbial phytase on zinc bioavailability and cadmium and lead accumulation in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 1998) | 0.75 |
| " eutrophus strain CH34, was shown to interact with Cd and consequently affect its bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Effect of the siderophore alcaligin E on the bioavailability of Cd to Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34. Baeyens, W; Corbisier, P; Gilis, A; Mergeay, M; Taghavi, S; van der Lelie, D, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Adequate intake of sulfur amino acid following methionine supplementation might increase the bioavailability of glutathione, facilitating the prevention of the binding of cadmium to different compartments and consequently reversing cadmium-induced biochemical disorders." | ( Effects of thiamin and methionine administration in preventing cadmium-induced biochemical alterations and metal concentration in male rats. Flora, SJ; Gubrelay, U; Mathur, R; Srivastava, P; Tripathi, N, 1998) | 0.73 |
| " The impact of Cd and Pb on fish from high altitude and high latitude lakes is reviewed and biotic and abiotic factors controlling bioavailability and toxicity of metals to fish are summarized." | ( Origin of cadmium and lead in clear softwater lakes of high-altitude and high-latitude, and their bioavailability and toxicity to fish. Hofer, R; Köck, G, 1998) | 0.7 |
| "An in vitro gut model was used to investigate the bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, and lead in the Mexican (maize) tortilla." | ( Studies on bioavailability of some bulk and trace elements in Mexican tortilla using an in vitro model. Rodríguez Almanza, ML; Valtierra Márquez, GR; Wróbel, K, 1999) | 0.53 |
| " Methods based on chemical leaching or extraction or on electrochemistry do release a soil without any salts and with an increased bioavailability of the remaining metals content." | ( Heavy metals bioremediation of soil. Corbisier, P; De Smet, M; Diels, L; Hooyberghs, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " These results contradict the notion that metal bioavailability in sediments is controlled by geochemical equilibration of metals between porewater and reactive sulfides, a proposed basis for regulatory criteria for metals." | ( Influences of dietary uptake and reactive sulfides on metal bioavailability from aquatic sediments. Choi, HJ; Fisher, NS; Griscom, SB; Koh, CH; Lee, BG; Lee, JS; Luoma, SN, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was assessed in different harbours of the Atlantic coast (France)." | ( Concentration and mobilization of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by meiofauna populations living in harbour sediment: their role in the heavy metal flux from sediment to food web. Boucher, G; Fichet, D; Miramand, P; Radenac, G, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Assay of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc bioaccumulated in the tissues of the sentinel snails provides information on the bioavailability of metals in the environment." | ( Growing snails used as sentinels to evaluate terrestrial environment contamination by trace elements. Gomot de Vaufleury, A; Pihan, F, 2000) | 0.71 |
| "The purpose of this study was to assess the bioavailability and pulmonary toxicity of ZnCdS in rats." | ( Intratracheal instillation of zinc-cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) in Fischer 344 rats. Beall, PA; Bergmann, JD; Lee, RB; McCain, WC; Metker, LW; Michie, MW, 2000) | 0.58 |
| " Since changes in the tissue composition and in growth rates do not affect Zn/Cu ratios and metal/shell-weight indices, these parameters are proposed as reliable indices of metal bioavailability for 'Mussel-Watch' monitoring programmes." | ( Changes in mussel biometry on exposure to metals: implications in estimation of metal bioavailability in 'Mussel-Watch' programmes. Ireland, MP; Marigómez, I; Soto, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " More insight is needed to predict the bioavailability of adsorbed pollutants." | ( Ecotoxicity of contaminated suspended solids for filter feeders (Daphnia magna). Goossens, R; Van Puymbroeck, S; Weltens, R, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Furthermore, calcium-phytate-zinc interactions may adversely affect zinc bioavailability in growing rats." | ( Effect of calcium supplements to a maize-soya diet on the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements and the accumulation of heavy metals in growing rats. Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G; Walter, A, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "1 M Ca(NO3)2) soil extractions and ion-exchange membranes coated with a metal chelator as measures of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability in spiked artificial soil by comparing their metal availability estimates to acute lethal toxicity in the earthworm Eisenia fetida." | ( Evaluation of surrogate measures of cadmium, lead, and zinc bioavailability to Eisenia fetida. Conder, JM; Lanno, RP, 2000) | 0.58 |
| " A multistep uptake process is proposed and the bioavailability of particulate cadmium to fish gills is discussed." | ( Uptake of cadmium adsorbed on particulates by gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Dawson, R; Liu, C; Long, A; Tao, S; Xu, F, 2000) | 0.94 |
| " When normalized as a function of the metal concentration, the absorption rate for the chlorocomplexes was less than that estimated for uptake of the free Cd(2+) cation." | ( Cadmium uptake by Caco-2 cells: effects of Cd complexation by chloride, glutathione, and phytochelatins. Campbell, PG; Denizeau, F; Fortin, C; Houde, M; Jumarie, C, 2001) | 1.75 |
| " The potential bioavailability of Cd in organisms was assessed through partitioning at the cell or tissue levels, and the predictive value of this method was evaluated by determining directly the metal transfer in an experimental food chain model." | ( Determination of cadmium partitioning in microalgae and oysters: contribution to the assessment of trophic transfer. Amiard, JC; Berthet, B; Chevolot, L; Ettajani, H, 2001) | 0.65 |
| " The apparently missing detrimental effects of the alkaline deposits on soil microbial activities are probably due to the low bioavailability of contaminants in the calcareous soil." | ( Effects of alkaline dust deposits from phosphate fertilizer production on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in grassland soils. Günther, T; Langer, U, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Differences in feed compositions and bioavailability of Cd from the feed components may also explain the different kidney levels of Cd." | ( Cadmium in organic and conventional pig production. Andersson, K; Lindén, A; Oskarsson, A, 2001) | 1.75 |
| " We investigated the effectiveness of lime-stabilized biosolid (LSB), N-Viro Soil (NV), rock phosphate (RP), and anaerobic biosolid (AB) to reduce extractability and plant and gastrointestinal (GI) bioavailability in three Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soils from smelter sites." | ( Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate. Basta, NT; Gradwohl, R; Schroder, JL; Snethen, KL, ) | 0.39 |
| " Their dependence on the total soil concentration makes bioaccumulation factors also unsuitable for assessing the influence of soil characteristics on the bioavailability of metals in contaminated field soils." | ( Zinc and cadmium body burdens in terrestrial oligochaetes: use and significance in environmental risk assessment. Janssen, CR; Lock, K, 2001) | 0.73 |
| " The results are discussed with respect to the physiology of the organisms and the bioavailability of toxicants, as well as to the consequences these results may have under field conditions." | ( The influence of suspended particles on the acute toxicity of 2-chloro-4-nitro-aniline, cadmium, and pentachlorophenol on the valve movement response of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Borcherding, J; Wolf, J, 2001) | 0.53 |
| "Clay and organic matter are considered as important parameters influencing bioavailability and ecotoxicity of metals in soils." | ( Effect of clay and organic matter type on the ecotoxicity of zinc and cadmium to the potworm Enchytraeus albidus. Janssen, CR; Lock, K, 2001) | 0.54 |
| " The absorption of Cd by plant roots is more influenced by soil factors, controlling Cd bioavailability than by total soil Cd." | ( Cadmium uptake by plants. Smolders, E, 2001) | 1.75 |
| " It was not possible to evaluate the influence of soil parameters on the bioavailability on the basis of the experiments that were conducted in only three different soil types, therefore, literature data were also included." | ( Cadmium toxicity for terrestrial invertebrates: taking soil parameters affecting bioavailability into account. Janssen, CR; Lock, K, 2001) | 1.75 |
| " The assimilation of metals was negatively dependent on the metal distribution in the reducible (Fe oxide) fraction, indicating that Fe oxide reduced metal bioavailability to the clams." | ( Sediment geochemical controls on CD, CR, and ZN assmilation by the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Fan, W; Wang, WX, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " We studied the bioavailability of 109CdCl2 from cows' milk formula, soy formula, wheat/oat/milk formula, wholemeal/milk formula and water in 11-day-old rat pups." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium from infant diets in newborn rats. Eklund, G; Grawé, KP; Oskarsson, A, 2001) | 0.64 |
| " Because DOM did not alter the bioavailability of Cd for the nematodes, bacteria, serving as food, might have functioned as vectors for Cd-DOM complexes, so that Cd could have become available in the gut of the nematodes." | ( Toxicity of cadmium to Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) in whole sediment and pore water--the ambiguous role of organic matter. Haitzer, M; Henschel, T; Höss, S; Steinberg, CE; Traunspurger, W, 2001) | 0.69 |
| "Aquatic and terrestrial fulvic acids are environmentally important because they affect the bioavailability and transport of metal ions." | ( Examination of cadmium(II) complexation by the Suwannee River fulvic acid using 113Cd NMR relaxation measurements. Burton, SD; Carper, WR; Larive, CK; Otto, WH, 2001) | 0.66 |
| " These results suggest that the effects of short-term exposure to Cd on essential metal balance are stronger for rice-bound Cd than for inorganic Cd, although the absorption rate of Cd in Cd-polluted rice may be lower than that of cadmium chloride added to rice." | ( Effects of ingestion of cadmium-polluted rice or low-dose cadmium-supplemented diet on the endogenous metal balance in female rats. Ando, M; Nakagawa, J; Oishi, S, 2001) | 0.8 |
| "Free metal ions in aqueous and terrestrial systems strongly influence bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Measuring and modeling zinc and cadmium binding by humic acid. Lexmond, TM; Oste, LA; Temminghoff, EJ; Van Riemsdijk, WH, 2002) | 0.6 |
| " These Pb and Cd fractionation results reflect the effect of contamination time on the heavy metal lability and bioavailability in the subsurface environment." | ( Contamination time effect on lead and cadmium fractionation in a tropical coastal clay. Lim, TT; Tay, JH; Teh, CI, ) | 0.4 |
| " The above results along with the results from our previous studies imply that metal-ion mobility and bioavailability would be affected by soil mineral surface properties, which would be significantly influenced by sorption of humic substances." | ( Stability of Ca2+-, Cd2+-, and Cu2+-illite complexes. Evangelou, VP; Marsi, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " This study aimed to identify the most important factors that determine the bioavailability of heavy metals to the spider Pirata piraticus living in the intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary (Flanders, Belgium)." | ( Heavy metal contents (Cd, Cu, Zn) in spiders (Pirata piraticus) living in intertidal sediments of the river Scheldt estuary (Belgium) as affected by substrate characteristics. Bogaert, N; Du Laing, G; Hendrickx, F; Tack, FM; Verloo, MG, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Changes in salinity affect the bioavailability and consequent uptake of trace metals by euryhaline invertebrates." | ( Trace metal uptake by the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: the role of osmoregulation. Jones, MB; Nimmo, M; Rainbow, PS; Roast, SD; Smith, BD, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Renal cadmium accumulation tended to be greater in females than in males who were in the same age range and who had similar lung-cadmium levels, a result that suggested that there was a higher absorption rate of cadmium in females." | ( Cadmium levels in the lung, liver, kidney cortex, and urine samples from Australians without occupational exposure to metals. Baker, JR; Moore, MR; Reilly, PE; Satarug, S; Williams, DJ, ) | 2.03 |
| "Staple grains such as rice, wheat and maize consumed by different societal groups differ greatly in their concentrations and bioavailability of the cadmium (Cd) antagonists, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca)." | ( Nutritional status affects the absorption and whole-body and organ retention of cadmium in rats fed rice-based diets. Chaney, RL; Reeves, PG, 2002) | 0.74 |
| ") were conducted to evaluate bioavailability of zinc and cadmium and their contributions to the plant." | ( [Bioavailability of exotic zinc and cadmium in purple soil]. Mu, S; Qing, C; Zhu, B, 2002) | 0.83 |
| "Peat deposits can concentrate chalcophilic metals such as Zn and Cd by biogeochemical processes; as a result, there is a possibility that the solubility, mobility, and bioavailability of these metals could increase when such deposits are drained and cropped, initiating oxidation of organic matter and sulfides under aerobic conditions." | ( Zinc-sulfur and cadmium-sulfur association in metalliferous peats: evidence from spectroscopy, distribution coefficients, and phytoavailability. Bleam, WF; Duxbury, JM; Kandianis, MT; Martínez, CE; McBride, MB; Yoon, SJ, 2002) | 0.66 |
| " Smoking affected infant's height during breastfeeding, attributed to an eventual impaired bioavailability of essential nutrients." | ( Maternal smoking effects on infant growth. Berlanga, Mdel R; Garcia, C; Hernandez, J; Salazar, G, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Meanwhile, the influence of metal speciation in rhizosphere on its bioavailability as well as the mechanism of mycorrhizal plant in toleranting excess metals were also discussed." | ( [Uptake and distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in maize related to metals speciation change in rhizosphere]. Chen, Y; Huang, Y; Tao, S, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " It is suggested that high Cd levels in shrimp are due to the high inputs and enhanced bioavailability of metal during winter." | ( Concentrations of Cd, Zn and Cu in sediments and brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) from the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel, UK. Bird, DJ; Culshaw, C; Newton, LC; Weir, I, ) | 0.13 |
| " In general, however, food contaminations with metals are too low to have an impact on the bioavailability of essential metals." | ( The impact of food contaminants on the bioavailability of trace metals. Elsenhans, B; Schümann, K, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Under these conditions, soluble organic complexes of Cd formed in the compost may be more significant than previously thought, due to Cd bioavailability and mobility in the soil environment." | ( Cadmium binding by fractions of dissolved organic matter and humic substances from municipal solid waste compost. Chen, Y; Kaschl, A; Römheld, V, ) | 1.57 |
| " Comparison of these results with those obtained with snails exposed to similar Cd concentrations in a vegetable flour revealed that accumulation and effects were relatively consistent, demonstrating a comparable bioavailability of Cd in the two diets." | ( Transfer of cadmium from plant leaves and vegetable flour to the snail Helix aspersa: bioaccumulation and effects. Badot, PM; Gomot-de Vaufleury, A; Scheifler, R, 2002) | 0.69 |
| " The bioavailability of Cd, Cr, and Zn to marine green mussels (Perna viridis) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) was quantified using radiotracer spiked technique with concurrent measurements of speciation of spiked metals." | ( Geochemistry of Cd, Cr, and Zn in highly contaminated sediments and its influences on assimilation by marine bivalves. Chen, J; Fan, W; Wang, WX, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Therefore, the present study provides a simple but efficient field tool to evaluate MTE bioavailability and transfer." | ( A field method using microcosms to evaluate transfer of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn from sewage sludge amended forest soils to Helix aspersa snails. Badot, PM; Ben Brahim, M; Carnus, JM; Gomot-de Vaufleury, A; Scheifler, R, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Multiple molecular biomarkers provided a sensitive, physiologically based method of determining contaminant presence and bioavailability to aquatic organisms." | ( Laboratory and field validation of multiple molecular biomarkers of contaminant exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Burton, GA; Lattier, D; McClain, JS; Oris, JT, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Total concentration is not a reliable indicator of metal mobility or bioavailability in soils." | ( Mobility, bioavailability, and toxic effects of cadmium in soil samples. Cupr, P; Dusek, L; Holoubek, I; Komarek, J; Prokop, Z; Zlevorova-Zlamalikova, V, 2003) | 0.57 |
| " The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1." | ( Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain. Hart, JJ; House, WA; Norvell, WA; Welch, RM, 2003) | 1.76 |
| " Assuming that the mobility and bioavailability are related to the solubility of geochemical forms of the metals and decrease in order of extraction, the apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability for these highly contaminated street dust samples is: Cd>Zn approximately equal Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr." | ( Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi, India. Banerjee, AD, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms by which EDTA may change the solubility and bioavailability of Cd in the soil and the potential for plant uptake and environmental risk due to leaching losses to groundwater." | ( Soil Cd availability to Indian mustard and environmental risk following EDTA addition to Cd-contaminated soil. Baker, AJ; Christie, P; Jiang, XJ; Luo, YM; Wong, MH; Zhao, QG, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The results are discussed in relation to the mobility and bioavailability of the metals in polluted soils." | ( Chemical speciation and extractability of Zn, Cu and Cd in two contrasting biosolids-amended clay soils. Christie, P; Luo, YM; Qiao, XL; Wong, MH, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " We report on the concentrations, distributions and bioavailability of zinc and cadmium in soil and vegetation from the Entremuros in November 1998 and October 1999, following 2 'cleanup' operations." | ( Levels of cadmium and zinc in soil and plants following the toxic spill from a pyrite mine, Aznalcollar, Spain. Finnie, J; Hilton, G; Meharg, A; Pain, DJ; Powell, N; Sinclair, G; Williams, R, 2003) | 0.95 |
| " Fe bioavailability was evaluated based on its apparent absorption." | ( Iron body status of rats chronically exposed to cadmium and ethanol. Brzóska, MM; Jurczuk, M; Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J; Rogalska, J, ) | 0.39 |
| "9-445 nM Cd) as Cd2+ varied by the addition of citrate, was determined to test the free-ion model (FIM) of metal bioavailability for higher plants." | ( Accumulation of cadmium by durum wheat roots: bases for citrate-mediated exceptions to the free ion model. Berkelaar, E; Hale, BA, 2003) | 0.66 |
| "Concentrations and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in cocoa powders and related products (beans, liquor, butter) of different geographical origins." | ( Concentrations and bioavailability of cadmium and lead in cocoa powder and related products. Andrey, D; Blake, C; Lobinski, R; Mounicou, S; Szpunar, J, 2003) | 0.86 |
| "The solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in infant foods, three cereal- and milk-based diets and two ready-to-use baby dishes, were studied after in vitro digestion and by using human intestinal Caco-2 cells." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium from in vitro digested infant food studied in Caco-2 cells. Eklund, G; Lindén, A; Oskarsson, A; Tallkvist, J, 2003) | 0.92 |
| " fluminea as an indicator of transferred metals in the water column shows that the metal bioavailability is very limited, quantities of cadmium and zinc bioaccumulated in the soft bodies being less than those measured in unbioturbated systems." | ( Bioturbation effects on cadmium and zinc transfers from a contaminated sediment and on metal bioavailability to benthic bivalves. Boudou, A; Ciutat, A, 2003) | 0.83 |
| " Intensive dredging activity occurred during the monitoring period, and this may have led to the resuspension and increased bioavailability of particulate metals." | ( In situ microcosms to study the impact of heavy metals resuspended by dredging on periphyton in a tropical estuary. Chou, LM; Goh, BP; Nayar, S; Reddy, S, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Bioavailability and transport of Cd within plant were related to concentration and species." | ( Soil ecotoxicity assessment using cadmium sensitive plants. An, YJ, 2004) | 0.6 |
| "Various extraction methods have been developed to assess metal bioavailability from sediments." | ( Extraction of spiked metals from contaminated coastal sediments: a comparison of different methods. Fan, W; Wang, WX, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " This experiment showed that anions Cl(-) and SO(4)(2-) increase Cd uptake by plants, which can be interpreted as Cl(-) and SO(4)(2-) complexing readily with Cd(2+) and thereby increasing the bioavailability of Cd(2+) in soils." | ( Effects of forms and rates of potassium fertilizers on cadmium uptake by two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). Li, HY; Smith, FA; Smith, SE; Zhao, ZQ; Zhu, YG, 2004) | 0.57 |
| " Differences in bioavailability and distribution of low-dose Cd given in various diets to newborns could be detected by the proposed piglet model." | ( A piglet model for studies of gastrointestinal uptake of cadmium in neonates. Eklund, G; Oskarsson, A; Tallkvist, J, 2004) | 0.57 |
| " Thus, data suggest that Cd-amended diets overestimate bioaccumulation in kidney, an important target organ, by up to one-third, and that studies of short duration are not adequate to evaluate Cd bioavailability from food." | ( Accumulation of dietary cadmium (Cd) in rabbit tissues and excretions: a comparison of lettuce amended with soluble Cd salt and lettuce with plant-incorporated Cd. Black, WD; Chan, DY; Fry, N; Hale, BA; Waisberg, M, 2004) | 0.63 |
| " Bioaccumulation by Hyalella demonstrated elevated bioavailability of Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Tl, but only Cd was accumulated to levels close to the toxic threshold." | ( Assessing the cause of impacts on benthic organisms near Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. Borgmann, U; Dixon, DG; Grapentine, LC; Nowierski, M, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Two recombinant bacterial sensors, one responding specifically to cadmium and the other to lead and cadmium by increase of luminescence (firefly luciferase was used as a reporter) were used to determine the bioavailability of these metals in soil-water suspensions (a contact assay) and respective particle-free extracts." | ( Recombinant luminescent bacterial sensors for the measurement of bioavailability of cadmium and lead in soils polluted by metal smelters. Douay, F; Dubourguier, HC; François, M; Ivask, A; Kahru, A; Virta, M, 2004) | 0.78 |
| "A model is described that may help to resolve uncertainty and controversy over the long-term consequences of sludge applications to arable land, especially with regard to the effects of sludge adsorption characteristics on trace metal solubility and bioavailability (e." | ( Modeling organic carbon dynamics and cadmium fate in long-term sludge-amended soil. Bergkvist, P; Jarvis, N, ) | 0.4 |
| " Nevertheless, DOM has been reported to decrease or increase metal uptake, leading to uncertainty concerning the bioavailability of metal-DOM complexes." | ( Cadmium bioavailability and accumulation in the presence of humic acid to the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. Bervoets, L; Blust, R; Voets, J, 2004) | 1.77 |
| "The cross-flow ultrafiltration and radiotracer techniques were used to study the influences of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colloidal organic carbon (COC) on the bioavailability of Ag, Cd, and Cr to the green mussel Perna viridis." | ( Influences of dissolved and colloidal organic carbon on the uptake of Ag, Cd, and Cr by the marine mussel Perna viridis. Pan, JF; Wang, WX, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Studies in the 1970s and the 1980s of metal bioavailability and impacts of metals and metalloids were driven by the process of abatement of lead in the environment." | ( A commentary on the impacts of metals and metalloids in the environment upon the metabolism of drugs and chemicals. Moore, MR, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Bioavailability of Cd from the oyster and scallop matrix is unknown and requires study." | ( Cadmium in oysters and scallops: the BC experience. Kruzynski, GM, 2004) | 1.77 |
| "The absorption rate of dietary cadmium (Cd) was investigated among 38 female farmers who had been exposed to Cd at levels close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI); these levels were much higher than those examined in previous studies." | ( Comprehensive study of the effects of age, iron deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and cadmium burden on dietary cadmium absorption in cadmium-exposed female Japanese farmers. Horiguchi, H; Ikeda, Y; Kayama, F; Machida, M; Miyamoto, K; Oguma, E; Sasaki, S, 2004) | 0.83 |
| " Changes in Pb bioavailability were measured with an in vitro test and a feeding study with weanling rats." | ( In situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium. Berti, WR; Brown, S; Chaney, R; Hallfrisch, J; Ryan, JA, ) | 0.36 |
| " The coefficients obtained from the data sets of the paired soil and crop surveys and from long-term sewage sludge experiments were similar, suggesting similar controlling factors of Cd bioavailability in sludge-amended or unamended soils." | ( Predicting cadmium concentrations in wheat and barley grain using soil properties. Adams, ML; Chambers, BJ; McGrath, SP; Nicholson, FA; Zhao, FJ, ) | 0.52 |
| " It is well known that soil pH is one of the main soil properties controlling bioavailability of Cd in plants." | ( Heterogeneity of cadmium concentration in soil as a source of uncertainty in plant uptake and its implications for human health risk assessment. John, EA; Millis, PR; Ramsey, MH, 2004) | 0.66 |
| "It is generally considered that cadmium bioavailability shows a considerable dependence on chemical speciation of Cd in solution, correlates best with the activity of free metal ion (Cd2+) in solution, and is largely indifferent to soluble metal complexes." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium-organic complexes to soil alga--an exception to the free ion model. Krishnamurti, GS; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R, 2004) | 0.94 |
| " It was found that the theoretical bioavailability of cadmium, as determined by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, did not change, but its plant uptake was enhanced significantly, in some cases up to 65%." | ( The influence of humic acids on the phytoextraction of cadmium from soil. Daghan, H; Evangelou, MW; Schaeffer, A, 2004) | 0.82 |
| " Intensive dredging activity during the monitoring period may have led to the resuspension and bioavailability of particulate metals." | ( Environmental impact of heavy metals from dredged and resuspended sediments on phytoplankton and bacteria assessed in in situ mesocosms. Chou, LM; Goh, BP; Nayar, S, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "The transport and bioavailability of cadmium is governed mainly by its adsorption-desorption reactions with minerals such as goethite--a common iron oxide mineral in variable charged and highly weathered tropical soils." | ( Cadmium adsorption and desorption behaviour on goethite at low equilibrium concentrations: effects of pH and index cations. Kookana, RS; Mustafa, G; Singh, B, 2004) | 2.04 |
| " The bioavailability of Zn was enhanced as a result of Cd preexposure." | ( Cd and Zn uptake kinetics in Daphnia magna in relation to Cd exposure history. Guan, R; Wang, WX, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Results showed that transplanted oysters do not reach heavy metal concentrations in indigenous populations suggesting transplanted organisms would be better used to evaluate bioavailability instead of environmental concentrations." | ( Bioaccumulation and depuration of Zn and Cd in mangrove oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae, Guilding, 1828) transplanted to and from a contaminated tropical coastal lagoon. de Freitas Rebelo, M; Pfeiffer, WC; Rebouças do Amaral, MC; Torres, JP, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments on the bioavailability and toxicity of Cd, Ni, and Zn in sediments to polychaete worms Neanthes arenaceodentata." | ( Influence of acid volatile sulfides and simultaneously extracted metals on the bioavailability and toxicity of a mixture of sediment-associated Cd, Ni, and Zn to polychaetes Neanthes arenaceodentata. Lee, JH; Lee, JS, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The observation of high BAFs for As in fish from Alaska and low BAFs for the California fish, but reversed for Cd, Hg, and Pb in this study, implies that differences in fish species are less important than the unique geochemical features at each site that control bioavailability and bioaccumulation and the potential sources for each element." | ( A comparison of the non-essential elements cadmium, mercury, and lead found in fish and sediment from Alaska and California. Ernest, DW; Kagley, AN; Meador, JP, 2005) | 0.59 |
| " To investigate the roles of medium composition and metal bioavailability on these different degrees and patterns of inhibition, we assessed the impact of cadmium on naphthalene biodegradation by a newly isolated strain of Comamonas testosteroni in three chemically-defined minimal salts media (MSM): Tris-buffered MSM, PIPES-buffered MSM, and Bushnell-Haas medium." | ( Medium composition affects the degree and pattern of cadmium inhibition of naphthalene biodegradation. Hoffman, DR; Okon, JL; Sandrin, TR, 2005) | 0.78 |
| " Questions remain as to how accurately these toxicity tests predict site-specific bioavailability and chronic effects of metals, particularly in streams that are effluent-dominated or dependent on effluent discharge for flow." | ( A comparison of chronic cadmium effects on Hyalella azteca in effluent-dominated stream mesocosms to similar laboratory exposures in effluent and reconstituted hard water. Brooks, BW; La Point, TW; Stanley, JK, 2005) | 0.64 |
| ", the accumulation of Cd decreased significantly with increasing TOC concentration, demonstrating that the TOC in seawater could decrease the bioavailability of cadmium." | ( [Bioavailability of cadmium in seawater to Paralichthys olivaceus]. Liu, C; Lü, J; Song, X; Wang, F; Wu, Y; Zhao, C; Zhao, Y; Zheng, W, 2005) | 0.85 |
| " Substantially higher concentrations of both MT and Cd were recorded in mussels inhabiting estuarine locations, possibly indicating a markedly higher Cd bioavailability at these locations." | ( Evaluation of the Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. digestive gland metallothionein as a biomarker in a long-term field study: seasonal and spatial variability. Erk, M; Filipović-Marijić, V; Ivanković, D; Pavicić, J; Raspor, B, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Bioavailability of Cd and Cu was evaluated by applying sewage sludge with and without earthworm treatment to soil and then growing cabbage plants." | ( Effects of earthworm activity on fertility and heavy metal bioavailability in sewage sludge. Hu, C; Liu, X; Zhang, S, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "To determine changes in metal distribution, bioavailability and toxicity with sediment depth, two 20-cm-long replicate cores were collected from a lake historically subjected to the influence of metal mining and smelting activity." | ( Lac Dufault sediment core trace metal distribution, bioavailability and toxicity to Hyalella azteca. Borgmann, U; Dixon, DG; Nowierski, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " A Pearson correlation matrix suggested that pH and mineralogical composition were important factors controlling metal bioavailability from materials in abandoned mining sites." | ( Lead, cadmium and arsenic bioavailability in the abandoned mine site of Cabezo Rajao (Murcia, SE Spain). Marimón, J; Martínez-Sánchez, MJ; Navarro, MC; Pérez-Sirvent, C; Vidal, J, 2006) | 0.81 |
| " Mercury concentrations in both historical and modern teeth were correlated with animal age, but 1990s beluga exhibited a significantly more rapid accumulation with age than late 19th century animals, indicating that Hg concentrations or bioavailability in their food chain had increased during the last century." | ( Changes in mercury and cadmium concentrations and the feeding behaviour of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) near Somerset Island, Canada, during the 20th century. Hobson, KA; Outridge, PM; Savelle, JM, 2005) | 0.64 |
| "Whether the radial thickness (RT) of the chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) reflects the bioavailability of metals in soils was investigated in two areas, one with active volcanism (Furnas) and another with no volcanic activity since 3 million years ago (Santa Maria), in the Azores." | ( Bioavailability and cellular effects of metals on Lumbricus terrestris inhabiting volcanic soils. Amaral, A; Cunha, R; Marigómez, I; Rodrigues, A; Soto, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The biosensor was field-tested to measure the relative bioavailability of the heavy metals in contaminated sediments and soil samples." | ( Assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in contaminated sediments and soils using green fluorescent protein-based bacterial biosensors. Chien, MT; Liao, VH; Ou, KL; Tseng, YY, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The influences of different Cd pre-exposure regimes (route, concentration, and duration of Cd exposure) on the bioavailability of Cd, Ag, Hg, and Zn to the green mussels Perna viridis were quantified in this study." | ( Uptake of aqueous and dietary metals by mussel Perna viridis with different Cd exposure histories. Shi, D; Wang, WX, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Although Cd bioaccumulation increased markedly in sediment exposures, dissolved Cd concentrations and physical-chemical parameters indicative of Cd bioavailability were unaffected by Phen." | ( Exposure-related effects on Cd bioaccumulation explain toxicity of Cd-phenanthrene mixtures in Hyalella azteca. Fleeger, JW; Gust, KA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "In situ immobilization of heavy metals is a main method for decreasing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metal ions through their immobilization by adding various amendments." | ( [Advances in research on in situ chemo-immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils]. Guo, G; Li, X; Zhou, Q, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Since the presence of complexing ligand may affect the bioavailability of a metal in the blood or tissues, therefore, in order to study the probable interaction of cephradine with essential and trace elements present in human body, cephradine has been reacted with cobalt, copper, zinc and cadmium metal halides in L:M ratio of 2:1 in methanol and the products recrystallized from suitable solvents to pure crystals of consistent melting points." | ( Synthesis and antibacterial activity of cephradine metal complexes : part II complexes with cobalt, copper, zinc and cadmium. Afzal, M; Arayne, MS; Sultana, N, 2005) | 0.71 |
| " Addition of Cu into CdR cell cultures enhanced the expression of LO mRNA, protein and catalytic activities reflecting limitation of Cu bioavailability for LO in these cells." | ( Inhibition of the expression of lysyl oxidase and its substrates in cadmium-resistant rat fetal lung fibroblasts. Chou, IN; Gao, S; Li, W; Stone, P; Toselli, P; Zhao, Y, 2006) | 0.57 |
| "Using a purpose-designed exposure system at 900 MHz, pregnant mice were given a single, far-field, whole body exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation." | ( Effect of mobile telephony on blood-brain barrier permeability in the fetal mouse brain. Blumbergs, PC; Cai, Z; Finnie, JW; Kuchel, TR; Manavis, J, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Commonly used models to predict metal bioavailability consider the free ion as the major bioavailable species." | ( Labile Cd complexes increase Cd availability to plants. Degryse, F; Merckx, R; Smolders, E, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant." | ( Kinetics of metal fixation in soils: measurement and modeling by isotopic dilution. Crout, NM; McGrath, SP; Tye, AM; Young, SD; Zhang, H, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The toxicity and bioavailability of metals were assessed to verify the efficiency of a new chemical leaching process (METIX-AC) to minimize the risk of metals found in municipal sewage sludge." | ( Assessment of a sewage sludge treatment on cadmium, copper and zinc bioavailability in barley, ryegrass and earthworms. Blais, JF; Renoux, AY; Rocheleau, S; Sarrazin, M; Sunahara, GI, 2007) | 0.6 |
| " Toxicity estimates are based on bioavailability causing risk of adverse health effects on humans." | ( Human risk assessment for heavy metals and as contamination in the abandoned metal mine areas, Korea. Kim, JY; Kim, KW; Lee, BT; Lee, JS; Lee, SW, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Mining activities can increase the bioavailability of metals in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems." | ( A comparative study of cadmium and copper in ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) in regions with and without historic mining. Flaspohler, DJ; Snively, M, 2006) | 0.64 |
| " The quantitative information provided in this paper thus represents an important advance in our understanding of Cd transport, bioavailability and impact in aquatic and terrestrial systems." | ( Characterization of H+ and Cd2+ binding properties of the bacterial exopolysaccharides. Benedetti, M; Lamelas, C; Slaveykova, VI; Wilkinson, KJ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Moreover, two operational defined extraction procedures commonly used in soil and sediment studies (first and second steps of BCR procedure and DTPA extraction protocol) were applied in the different mining wastes in order to study Pb and Zn mobility and likely bioavailability to Betula pendula growing on the same mining spoils, which presents lead and zinc contents in leaves over ten times background values." | ( Assessment of metal availability to vegetation (Betula pendula) in Pb-Zn ore concentrate residues with different features. Carvalho, ML; Hidalgo, M; Marguí, E; Queralt, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The geochemical fractions of 6 metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) were determined to establish the bioavailability of the metals." | ( Sediment quality in Rio Guadiamar (SW, Spain) after a tailing dam collapse: contamination, toxicity and bioavailability. Delvalls, TA; Milani, D; Reynoldson, TB; Riba, I, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Since this parameter was found to be lower for snails exposed to the field soil ME4, we concluded that lower Cd bioavailability in this field soil was responsible of the lower transfer to the snails compared to the ISO 20 soil, even though they were polluted to similar extents." | ( Modelling chronic exposure to contaminated soil: a toxicokinetic approach with the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa. Badot, PM; Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Douay, F; Gimbert, F; Scheifler, R, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Given that brine shrimp appear to be successfully reproducing in GSL, we hypothesized that these toxicity values were either biased low as a result of an artifact of the test method used or that site-specific water-quality conditions in the lake had decreased metal bioavailability such that brine shrimp could successfully reproduce." | ( Effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Adams, WJ; Brix, KV; Gerdes, RM; Grosell, M, 2006) | 0.66 |
| "The effects of bioturbation by tubificids on cadmium (Cd) remobilization and bioavailability from sediment were studied throughout two experiments." | ( Remobilization and bioavailability of cadmium from historically contaminated sediments: influence of bioturbation by tubificids. Boudou, A; Ciutat, A; Gerino, M, 2007) | 0.87 |
| " The effects of high doses of one metal on the uptake of the other metal can be partially explained by the effects of one metal on the bioavailability of the other metal." | ( Cadmium and zinc accumulation in soybean: A threat to food safety? Macfie, SM; Shute, T, 2006) | 1.78 |
| " The observed differences are discussed in terms of different bioavailability of contaminants, route of uptake and detoxification mechanism, under the two modes of exposure." | ( Toxicants accumulation rates and effects in Mytilus trossulus and Nereis diversicolor exposed separately or together to cadmium and PAHs. Kopecka, J; Pazdro, K; Pempkowiak, J; Perez, E; Sole, M, 2006) | 0.54 |
| "The radiotracer technique was used to assess the influences of sediment-metal contact time or aging (up to two years) on the bioavailability and geochemical speciation of Cd and Zn in sediments." | ( Influences of aging on the bioavailability of sediment-bound Cd and Zn to deposit-feeding sipunculans and soldier crabs. Wang, WX; Zhong, H, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soils treated with the two leachates was fluctuated in early period, and then raised." | ( [Effects of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachate on soil Cd- and Pb bioavailability]. Fu, M; Zhou, L, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " However, the bioavailability of the metals when presented through doping regimes may differ from the bioavailability of metals in nature, because over time metals become biologically compartmentalised and form complexes with organic molecules." | ( Cadmium assimilation in the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio dilatatus--is trophic transfer important? Calhôa, CF; Mann, RM; Soares, AM, 2006) | 1.78 |
| " The cadmium absorption rate reached the peak after 2 hours, then the absorption rate gradually reduced." | ( [Study on cadmium absorption in pumpkin by atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. Dong, WH; Jing, RJ; Li, XZ; Li, ZX; Liu, H, 2006) | 1.25 |
| "Studying the bioavailability of sediment-bound contaminants is complicated by many reasons, such as the variable composition of the particles, their temporal variations, the low levels of contaminant concentrations, their partitioning between diverse aqueous and particulate phases, and the variety of uptake routes that may involved with the biota." | ( The impact of particle-bound cadmium on bioavailability and bioaccumulation: A pragmatic approach. Dos Santos Afonso, M; López, AG; Miño, LA; Piol, MN; Verrengia Guerrero, NR, 2006) | 0.63 |
| " The increased bioavailability of Cd or Cu with exposure concentrations resulted in an increase in the accumulation and net accumulation rate of Cd or Cu during single metal exposure." | ( Metal accumulation in the polychaete Hediste japonica with emphasis on interaction between heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Sun, FH; Zhou, QX, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " This preliminary study highlights the importance of the OCPs on the NSCs in controlling the transport, fate, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals in aquatic environments." | ( Adsorption of Pb and Cd on the natural surface coatings (NSCs) in the presence of organochlorine pesticides: a preliminary investigation. Guo, S; Hua, X; Li, Y; Liu, L, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The results suggest that metal immobilisation and bioavailability are governed by the formation of complexes between the metals and organic matter." | ( Remediation of metal contaminated soil with mineral-amended composts. Al-Tabbaa, A; Hutchings, TR; Johns, ML; Moffat, AJ; Ouki, SK; van Herwijnen, R, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " These results supported our hypothesis that TMC tightly-bind and immobilized Cd resulted in reduction of metal bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract." | ( Inactivation of cadmium induced immunotoxicological alterations in rats by Tunisian montmorillonite clay. Abbès, S; Abdel-Wahhab, MA; Ben Younes, R; El-Kady, AA; Hetta, MM; Nahdi, K; Oueslati, R; Salah-Abbès, JB, 2007) | 0.69 |
| " On the other hand, at low salinity, under conditions in which metal bioavailability is increased, we show that ventilation modifies metal accumulation in the gills by a factor of two." | ( Effects of salinity and hypoxia on cadmium bioaccumulation in the shrimp Palaemon longirostris. Baudrimont, M; Boudou, A; Massabuau, JC; Pierron, F, 2007) | 0.62 |
| " The low level of 64Cu bound to the LO fraction and the high level of 64Cu bound to the MT fraction provide direct evidence for limitation of Cu bioavailability for LO existing in the CdR cells." | ( Perturbation of copper (Cu) homeostasis and expression of Cu-binding proteins in cadmium-resistant lung fibroblasts. Chou, DK; Chou, IN; Gao, S; Li, W; Stone, P; Toselli, P; Zhao, Y, 2007) | 0.57 |
| "Vegetation that develops spontaneously on metal-contaminated soils presents an opportunity to evaluate both metal bioavailability and the risks posed to biota." | ( Cadmium and zinc in vegetation and litter of a voluntary woodland that has developed on contaminated sediment-derived soil. Lepp, NW; Madejón, P, ) | 1.57 |
| " Our results demonstrate the importance of site-specific characterization of size-fractionated contemporary mine waste when assessing the lability and bioavailability of metals at mine-waste impacted sites." | ( Characterization of zinc, lead, and cadmium in mine waste: implications for transport, exposure, and bioavailability. Brabander, DJ; McCarthy, KD; Schaider, LA; Senn, DB; Shine, JP, 2007) | 0.61 |
| " Given that metal has much higher affinity with algal sites than humic acid adsorbed to algae, the contribution of the ternary complex to metal bioavailability was negligible in the case of Cd (II) and Cu (II)." | ( Comparison of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) biouptake by green algae in the presence of humic acid. Lamelas, C; Slaveykova, VI, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "Soil testing procedures to address metals bioavailability currently use air-dried soil rewetted almost until saturation." | ( Temporal evolution of redox processes and free Cd dynamics in a metal-contaminated soil after rewetting. Cornu, JY; Denaix, L; Pellerin, S; Schneider, A, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Although it was also contaminated at 20 mg Cd kg(-1), the contaminated field soil did not lead to detectable effects in snails, suggesting a lower Cd bioavailability confirmed by the bioaccumulation analysis." | ( Long-term responses of snails exposed to cadmium-contaminated soils in a partial life-cycle experiment. Badot, PM; Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Douay, F; Gimbert, F; Scheifler, R, 2008) | 0.61 |
| " We discuss the importance of diet and nutritional status to the development of new regulatory approaches, such as the biotic ligand model, which currently do not account for the significance of diet on metal bioavailability in aquatic organisms." | ( Interactions of waterborne and dietary cadmium on the expression of calcium transporters in the gills of rainbow trout: influence of dietary calcium supplementation. Franklin, NM; Galvez, F; Tuttle, RB; Wood, CM, 2007) | 0.61 |
| "The objective of the study was to compare in vivo estimates of Cd bioavailability in two diet materials (lettuce and durum wheat grain) with bioaccessibility estimates from three in vitro methods." | ( Cadmium bioavailability and bioaccessibility as determined by in vitro digestion, dialysis and intestinal epithelial monolayers, and compared to in vivo data. Black, WD; Chan, DY; Hale, BA, 2007) | 1.78 |
| " Effects of three amendments, lime, manure, and sepiolite on cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability in contaminated paddy soils were studied by pot experiment with cultivating rape." | ( [Effects and mechanism of amendments on remediation of Cd-Zn contaminated paddy soil]. Xu, MG; Zeng, XB; Zhang, Q, 2007) | 0.58 |
| "The effect of two ecologically contrasting earthworm species Eisenia fetida (epigeic) and Octolasion tyrtaeum (endogeic) on the fractionation (accessed using sequential extractions), mobility (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP) and oral bioavailability (Ruby's physiologically based extraction test, PBET) of Pb, Zn and Cd was studied before and after soil remediation with soil leaching." | ( The effect of earthworms on the fractionation, mobility and bioavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd before and after soil leaching with EDTA. Lestan, D; Plavc, Z; Udovic, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Allowing for an accurate and sensitive assessment of Cd transfer to snails, toxicokinetics appears an interesting tool in the improvement of risk assessment procedures and a way to quantify metal bioavailability for a defined target." | ( Kinetic and dynamic aspects of soil-plant-snail transfer of cadmium in the field. Badot, PM; Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Gimbert, F; Mench, M, 2008) | 0.59 |
| " Transfer and correlation coefficients were also calculated to evaluate the bioavailability of metals to vegetables." | ( Metals contamination in soils and vegetables in metal smelter contaminated sites in Huangshi, China. Bao, ZY; Ling, QC; Yan, S, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The effects of humic acids and fulvic acids isolated from the River Arno (Italy) on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium and copper were assessed in relation to changes in their speciation." | ( Complexation of cadmium and copper by fluvial humic matter and effects on their toxicity. Bragadin, M; Calace, N; Capodaglio, G; Corami, F; Petronio, BM; Turetta, C, ) | 0.69 |
| " The high sorption affinity of many contaminants for OM implies that OM can influence both the distribution and bioavailability of contaminants." | ( Effects of settling organic matter on the bioaccumulation of cadmium and BDE-99 by Baltic Sea benthic invertebrates. Bradshaw, C; Gilek, M; Gunnarsson, JS; Hedman, JE; Thorsson, MH, 2008) | 0.59 |
| " The study results indicated that root induced changes of Cd bioavailability in the rhizosphere." | ( Speciation changes of cadmium in mangrove (Kandelia candel (L.)) rhizosphere sediments. Chongling, Y; Guangqiu, Q; Haoliang, L; Jingchun, L; Ruifeng, Z, 2008) | 0.66 |
| " This study suggests a higher bioavailability and toxicity of Cd from the natural diets than from the commercial diets used in previous studies." | ( Trophic transfer and dietary toxicity of Cd from the oligochaete to the rainbow trout. Ng, TY; Wood, CM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The identified genes are discussed with respect to their possible involvement in Cd tolerance and to their future use as biomarkers for monitoring Cd bioavailability in natural soils and waters." | ( Global expression profiling of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to trace levels of free cadmium. Descombes, P; Simon, DF; Wilkinson, KJ; Zerges, W, 2008) | 0.57 |
| "The bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) from food is an important determinant of the potential risk of this toxic element." | ( Bioavailability as an issue in risk assessment and management of food cadmium: a review. Chaney, RL; Reeves, PG, 2008) | 0.89 |
| " Bioavailability of Cd was concentration-dependent where seedling root captured more Cd as compared to shoot." | ( Cadmium-induced functional and ultrastructural alterations in roots of two transgenic cotton cultivars. Daud, MK; Dawood, M; Hayat, Y; Mishkat, U; Najeeb, U; Sun, Y; Variath, MT; Wu, YX; Zhu, S, 2009) | 1.8 |
| "This paper studied the effects of applying citric acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid on the removal of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from sewage sludge, and the form transformation and bioavailability of these heavy metals before and after the application of tested organic acids." | ( [Removal effects of citric acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid on Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in sewage sludge]. Huang, L; Zhang, QR; Zhou, QX, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The manipulative experiment was undertaken in order to examine the trace metal bioavailability in the contaminated area and to establish an analytical framework between the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the tissues and their biological effect in transplanted cockles." | ( Assessment of sediment/water contamination by in vivo transplantation of the cockles Cerastoderma glaucum from a non contaminated to a contaminated area by cadmium. Hamza-Chaffai, A; Machreki-Ajmi, M, 2008) | 0.73 |
| "Heavy metals in variable charge soil are highly bioavailable and easy to transfer into plants." | ( Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil. He, Y; Li, P; Wang, X; Zhang, T; Zhou, D, 2008) | 0.58 |
| " Taking into account that differences in subcellular distribution of Cd in plants might have an important role in the bioavailability of Cd to a consumer, a differential centrifugation technique was adopted to separate plant leaf tissues into four different fractions: cell debris, organelles, heat-denatured proteins, and heat-stable proteins (metallothionein-like proteins)." | ( Does subcellular distribution in plants dictate the trophic bioavailability of cadmium to Porcellio dilatatus (Crustacea, Isopoda)? Mann, RM; Monteiro, MS; Santos, C; Soares, AM, 2008) | 0.57 |
| " EDTA was applied to study its effect in increasing the bioavailability of Cd and Pb and their uptake by these Indian mustards." | ( Pot experiment to study the uptake of Cd and Pb by three Indian mustards (Brassica juncea) grown in artificially contaminated soils. Chen, SW; Chen, ZS; Lai, HY, ) | 0.13 |
| " The Cd association with sulfhydryl groups in marine planktonic diatoms and anoxygenic bacteria is an important feature of Cd binding which can be useful for assessing the bioavailability of this metal." | ( A structural study of cadmium interaction with aquatic microorganisms. Feurtet-Mazel, A; Pokrovski, GS; Pokrovsky, OS, 2008) | 0.66 |
| ", Ca(2+), H(+) and Na(+)) affect metal bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic organisms." | ( Modes of metal toxicity and impaired branchial ionoregulation in rainbow trout exposed to mixtures of Pb and Cd in soft water. Birceanu, O; Chowdhury, MJ; Gillis, PL; McGeer, JC; Wilkie, MP; Wood, CM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " However, bioavailability on these sites needs to be comprehensively characterized." | ( Integration of toxicological and chemical tools to assess the bioavailability of metals and energetic compounds in contaminated soils. Auroy, A; Berthelot, Y; Robidoux, PY; Trottier, B; Valton, E, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The concentrations of the exchangeable fraction of Cd decreased significantly, which shows that the Cd bioavailability in the soils markedly decreased." | ( Bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Fan, W; Jiang, W, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " We provide evidence for the following: (1) the digestive gland is the main target organ for both essential and non essential metals, frequently containing concentrations few orders of magnitude higher as compared to mantle; the sole exception from this was the Hg that is equally distributed in the two tissues; (2) unexpectedly, the higher levels of metals were found in animals captured in the less polluted lagoon, except for Cd whose bioavailability in Aveiro lagoon might be related to industrial sources, while the influence of Cd speciation in local pray composition should not be ruled out (3) size influenced metal concentration in different way: smaller individuals accumulated significantly more Cu, while Hg concentrations showed the opposite trend; (4) Cd is positively correlated to Zn and Cu in digestive gland of specimens collected in spring in Aveiro Lagoon, and no relationship was found in Formosa Lagoon; (5) the molar ratios Cd:Zn and Cd:Cu in digestive gland increased with body weight in specimens from Aveiro area, both ratios becoming particularly higher in older individuals." | ( Metal concentrations in digestive gland and mantle of Sepia officinalis from two coastal lagoons of Portugal. Kadar, E; Pereira, P; Raimundo, J; Vale, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Fractionation using sequential extractions, mobility, and phytoavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd and Pb oral bioavailability were determined for aged and non-aged soil." | ( Pb, Zn and Cd mobility, availability and fractionation in aged soil remediated by EDTA leaching. Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "A field trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in a soil contaminated by mining tailings in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China." | ( Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil. Chen, J; Jiang, J; Su, Q; Wang, B; Xie, Z, 2008) | 0.77 |
| "Determination the bioavailability of contaminants in different fertilizer management soils can be of great theoretical significance for predicting and decreasing the effect of pollutants on eco-environment." | ( [Influence of Cu2+, Cd2+ and cypermethrin on microbial functional diversity in different fertilization soils]. Wang, HY; Xie, WJ; Zhou, JM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "To investigate the impact of multiple cadmium exposure pathways on bioavailability and bioaccumulation, Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to either dissolved cadmium or to both particulate (dietborne) and dissolved cadmium." | ( Assessing the importance of dietborne cadmium and particle characteristics on bioavailability and bioaccumulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ahlf, W; Matthäi, A; Offermann, K, 2009) | 0.9 |
| " This work highlights the importance of soil organic reactive surfaces in reducing trace element bioavailability and phytoaccumulation." | ( Cadmium accumulation by muskmelon under salt stress in contaminated organic soil. Davor, R; Gabrijel, O; Marija, R; Monika, Z; Ondrasek, G; Rengel, Z; Romic, D; Romic, M; Zed, R; Zovko, M, 2009) | 1.8 |
| " The aim of this work is to evaluate ashes efficiency for remediation of cadmium-contaminated aqueous solutions, and to assess the bioavailability of cadmium on Xenopus laevis larvae." | ( Evaluation of laboratory and industrial meat and bone meal combustion residue as cadmium immobilizing material for remediation of polluted aqueous solutions: "chemical and ecotoxicological studies". Clastres, P; Coutand, M; Cren, S; Cyr, M; Deydier, E; Gauthier, L; Guilet, R; Mouchet, F; Savaete, LB, 2009) | 0.81 |
| " The chemical analysis of these bioindicators establishes, therefore, a sensitive method for the measurement of bioavailability which, over the years, allows for the quantification of the current pollution agents in the environment." | ( Heavy metals in the fishery products of low Lazio and the use of metallothionein as a biomarker of contamination. Papetti, P; Rossi, G, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "The bioavailability of heavy metals strongly depends on their speciation in the environment." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium adsorbed on various oxides minerals to wetland plant species Phragmites australis. Jia, Y; Wang, H; Wang, S; Wu, X; Zhu, H, 2009) | 0.68 |
| " The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between the thermodynamically predominant species versus the kinetically relevant ones in considerations of dynamic speciation analysis and bioavailability in natural and engineered systems." | ( Outer-sphere and inner-sphere ligand protonation in metal complexation kinetics: the lability of EDTA complexes. Town, RM; van Leeuwen, HP, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Overall, these findings contribute to a greater understanding of cadmium bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems and to the further development of benthic algae as an effective biomonitoring tool." | ( Cadmium toxicity and uptake by mats of the freshwater diatom: Navicula pelliculosa (Bréb) Hilse. Baird, DJ; Culp, JM; Irving, EC, 2009) | 2.03 |
| "The effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost." | ( Changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application. Habart, J; Hanc, A; Szakova, J; Tlustos, P, 2009) | 0.97 |
| " Breeding of genotypes of rice cultivars with low grain Cd and low Cd/Zn ratio is needed for rice production in acidic red soils where Cd bioavailability is prevalently high." | ( Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110 hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil. Li, L; Pan, G; Shi, J, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Based on field investigation and laboratory analysis, the speciation and bioavailability of the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) was studied." | ( [Speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in paddy soil irrigated by acid mine drainage]. Lin, XF; Qiu, RL; Wu, HN; Xia, BC; Xu, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Cadmium soil bioavailability of four Australian soils was determined using a sequential extraction method." | ( Cadmium bioaccumulation in Proisotoma minuta in relation to bioavailability in soils. Lees, E; Nursita, AI; Singh, B, 2009) | 2.71 |
| " japonicus, possibly due to enhanced bioavailability of these metals from ecological processes associated with upwelling during the summer monsoon." | ( Trace metal dynamics in fishes from the southwest coast of India. Joseph, T; Nair, M; Rejomon, G, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Meanwhile, apatite and ferrihydrite composite additives lowered the bioavailability and toxicity of sediments as well." | ( In-situ stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni in the multi-contaminated sediments with ferrihydrite and apatite composite additives. Chen, W; Chui, P; Lim, TT; Qian, G, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " In particular, the influence of soil salinity in metal accumulation has been studied as there is notable evidence that salinity changes the bioavailability of metals in soil and is a key factor in the translocation of metals from roots to the aerial parts of the plant." | ( Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.): metal uptake in relation to salinity. Kalogerakis, N; Manousaki, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Salinity was found to have a positive effect on cadmium uptake by the plant and this may be related to a higher bioavailability of the metal in soil due to decreased Cd sorption on soil particles." | ( Phytoextraction of Pb and Cd by the Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.): metal uptake in relation to salinity. Kalogerakis, N; Manousaki, E, 2009) | 0.61 |
| "Metal bioavailability depends on the presence of organic ligands in the water and on the concentrations of competitive cations." | ( A model predicting waterborne cadmium bioaccumulation in Gammarus pulex: the effects of dissolved organic ligands, calcium, and temperature. Geffard, O; Gourlay-francé, C; Kermoal, T; Lacour, C; Pellet, B; Tusseau-vuillemin, MH, 2009) | 0.64 |
| " adsorbed on different metal oxides) in environment on Cd bioavailability were studied." | ( [Bioavailability of adsorbed Cd on typical oxides of sediment in Phragmites australis]. Jia, YF; Liu, L; Wang, H; Wang, SY; Wu, X; Zhu, HJ, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The presence of TiO(2) in algal tests reduced the observed toxicity due to decreased bioavailability of cadmium resulting from sorption/complexation of Cd(2+) ions to the TiO(2) surface." | ( Algal testing of titanium dioxide nanoparticles--testing considerations, inhibitory effects and modification of cadmium bioavailability. Baalousha, M; Baun, A; Hartmann, NB; Hofmann, T; Ottofuelling, S; Von der Kammer, F, 2010) | 0.79 |
| " In the multi-media transport process, the order of heavy metal bioavailability is Zn > Ni > Cd> Cu > Pb > Cr." | ( [Bioavailability of heavy metals in urban surface dust and rainfall-runoff system]. Chang, J; Gao, L; Li, XH; Lin, X; Liu, M; Wang, LL, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The metal species released due to CO(2) acidification may have sufficiently long residence time in the seawater to affect bioavailability and toxicity of the metals to biota." | ( Effects of experimental CO2 leakage on solubility and transport of seven trace metals in seawater and sediment. Ardelan, MV; Lierhagen, S; Linde, SO; Steinnes, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Although investigations on the desorption of heavy metal ions from the main soil-components are crucial to better understand the mobility and bioavailability of metals in the environment, studies on the description of desorption equilibrium were performed rarely." | ( Investigation of sorption/desorption equilibria of heavy metal ions on/from quartz using rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Aşçi, Y; Nurbaş, M; Sağ Açikel, Y, ) | 0.13 |
| " While overall cysteine was more effective than glutathione at extracting Pb from soils, its propensity to oxidize may limit its ability to increase the bioavailability of this metal to plants or microorganisms in oxic environments." | ( Extraction of lead and cadmium from soils by cysteine and glutathione. Ahner, BA; Vadas, TM, ) | 0.44 |
| "There has been a growing interest in establishing how the sub-cellular distribution of metals in macro-invertebrate prey affects metal trophic bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Cadmium bound to metal rich granules and exoskeleton from Gammarus pulex causes increased gut lipid peroxidation in zebrafish following single dietary exposure. Bury, NR; Hogstrand, C; Khan, FR, 2010) | 1.8 |
| " The Ca/Cd (mass ratio) in soil solution affected the bioavailability of soil Cd, and further, affected the Cd up-take by rape." | ( [Effects of calcium on cadmium bioavailability in lateritic red soil and related mechanisms]. Ju, XH; Li, JM; Song, ZG; Tang, SR; Xu, MG, 2009) | 0.66 |
| " These acids could dissolve the heavy metals to some degree, and accordingly, enhance the bioavailability of the metals." | ( [Promotion effects of microorganisms on phytoremediation of heavy metals-contaminated soil]. Li, BW; Wang, ZL; Yang, Z; Zhang, RF, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "8gkg(-1)DW, the bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediment were reduced significantly, therefore, the accumulation of Cd was inhibited and the Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of plants decreased." | ( Effects of humic acids on phytoextraction of Cu and Cd from sediment by Elodea nuttallii. Cheng, S; Li, Z; Wang, Q; Wu, Z, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments is largely controlled by their speciation." | ( [Bioavailability of cadmium associated with oxides in sediment: effects of species of mineral, association form and aging on bioavailability]. Jia, YF; Liu, L; Wang, H; Wang, SY, 2009) | 0.68 |
| " These two factors mainly control the mass transport and complexation kinetics of Cd that may influence bioavailability and toxicity of Cd species in environmental systems." | ( Study of cadmium-humic interactions and determination of stability constants of cadmium-humate complexes from their diffusion coefficients obtained by scanned stripping voltammetry and dynamic light scattering techniques. Chakraborty, P, 2010) | 0.78 |
| "We reviewed epidemiologic studies published between 2004 and 2009 concerning the bioavailability of cadmium in food, assessment of exposure, and body burden estimate, along with exposure-related effects in nonoccupationally exposed populations." | ( Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Garrett, SH; Satarug, S; Sens, DA; Sens, MA, 2010) | 2.02 |
| " The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium." | ( Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Garrett, SH; Satarug, S; Sens, DA; Sens, MA, 2010) | 1.99 |
| " Although there were some limited variations, these were not consistent with the local metal bioavailability nor with temperature changes." | ( Biodynamic modelling of the accumulation of Ag, Cd and Zn by the deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor: inter-population variability and a generalised predictive model. Blasco, J; Kalman, J; Rainbow, PS; Riba, I; Smith, BD, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Additions of natural organic matter resulted in elevated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations that significantly reduced Cd bioavailability via complexation of Cd(2+)." | ( Development of a biotic ligand model to predict the acute toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia pulex. Clifford, M; McGeer, JC, 2010) | 0.59 |
| "A comparative research study on the bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the soil-plant-animal-system was carried out." | ( Lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper bioavailability in the soil-plant-animal system in a polluted area. Angelova, VR; Ivanov, KI; Ivanova, RV; Todorov, JM, 2010) | 0.84 |
| "In the present work, the impact of speciation on the bioavailability of cadmium in sediments was investigated." | ( [Influence of speciation on the bioavailability of particle-bound cadmium in sediments]. Jia, YF; Wang, H; Wu, X; Zhu, HJ, 2010) | 0.83 |
| " Generally, the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals." | ( Bioaccumulation of cadmium bound to humic acid by the bivalve Meretrix meretirx linnaeus from solute and particulate pathways. Jia, Y; Wang, H; Wu, X; Zhu, H, 2010) | 0.69 |
| "In this study, cadmium (Cd) relative bioavailability in contaminated (n = 5) and spiked (n = 2) soils was assessed using an in vivo mouse model following administration of feed containing soil or Cd acetate (reference material) over a 15 day exposure period." | ( Determination of cadmium relative bioavailability in contaminated soils and its prediction using in vitro methodologies. Gancarz, D; Juhasz, AL; Naidu, R; Rofe, A; Smith, E; Todor, D; Weber, J, 2010) | 1.05 |
| " The effect of earthworms as main soil biotic factors on the residual Pb, Zn, and Cd fraction lability (mobility, bioavailability to plants, and oral-availability) was investigated." | ( Redistribution of residual Pb, Zn, and Cd in soil remediated with EDTA leaching and exposed to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " fetida mirrored the decreasing pattern of metal potential bioavailability gained by leaching the soil with increasing EDTA concentrations." | ( Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb, Zn and Cd polluted soil. Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The levels of dissolved metals in this study reveal low bioavailability and toxic potential." | ( Dissolved and particulate metals in water from Sonora Coast: a pristine zone of Gulf of California: metals in water from Sonora Coast. García-Rico, L; Gómez-Álvarez, A; Jara-Marini, ME; Tejeda-Valenzuela, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Considering the elevated natural bioavailability of cadmium at Terra Nova Bay, responsiveness of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to this element was investigated under laboratory conditions." | ( Identification of five partial ABC genes in the liver of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii and sensitivity of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to Cd exposure. Bard, SM; Corsi, I; Focardi, S; Luckenbach, T; Regoli, F; Zucchi, S, 2010) | 0.61 |
| " Providing region-specific mineral mixture having highly bioavailable forms of other trace elements to the ruminants like Zn, Fe, and Mn, which are known to antagonize Cd, would help in overcoming the Cd toxicity." | ( A study on the transfer of cadmium from soil to pasture under semi-arid conditions in Sargodha, Pakistan. Ahmad, K; Akram, NA; Ashraf, M; Khan, ZI, 2011) | 0.67 |
| " As indicated by single extraction, the apparent mobility and potential bioavailability of metals in soils followed the order: Cd ≥ Pb > > Zn." | ( Associations of cadmium, zinc, and lead in soils from a lead and zinc mining area as studied by single and sequential extractions. Anju, M; Banerjee, DK, 2011) | 0.72 |
| " Bioavailability factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated in plants and trophic transfer factor (TTF) was determined in bird species." | ( Bioaccumulation of trace elements in trophic levels of wetland plants and waterfowl birds. Alhashemi, AS; Karbassi, AR; Kiabi, BH; Monavari, SM; Nabavi, SM; Sekhavatjou, MS, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Previous results have shown that the complexation constant for RL2-Cd is several orders of magnitude larger than that of RL1-Cd thus the preferential production of RL2 in the presence of Cd(2+) impacts its bioavailability and toxicity both for the cell and in the surrounding environment." | ( Cadmium effects on transcriptional expression of rhlB/rhlC genes and congener distribution of monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa IGB83. Chandler, KB; Crispin, JD; Maier, RM; Neilson, CH; Neilson, JW; Pemberton, JE; Veres-Schalnat, TA; Zhang, L, 2010) | 1.8 |
| "The bioavailability of lead in soil is of considerable importance to human and animal health." | ( Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps. Basson, NC; de Villiers, S; Thiart, C, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Over the range of DOC concentrations we tested, organic matter was shown to influence Cd bioaccumulation in two ways: by modifying Cd speciation and thus its bioavailability and its interaction with the biological membrane, and by affecting the mussel's physiology and therefore its sensitivity to metal." | ( Modeling the effect of water chemistry on the bioaccumulation of waterborne cadmium in zebra mussels. Bourgeault, A; Gourlay-Francé, C; Tusseau-Vuillemin, MH, 2010) | 0.59 |
| "The increasing use of freshwater/sediment microcosms in geochemical and ecotoxicological studies requires additional efforts to characterize and understand their functioning and the main parameters that can influence the pollutants' behavior and bioavailability inside the microcosms themselves." | ( Characterization of trace element geochemistry in continuous flow-through microcosms: a preliminary step to environmentally meaningful ecotoxicological experiments. Dominik, J; Ferrari, BJ; Garcia-Bravo, A; Kottelat, R; Vignati, DA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Overall, the results of this study indicated that remediation technologies using ameliorants effectively reduce Cd bioavailability and uptake in contaminated rice paddy soils." | ( Ameliorants to immobilize Cd in rice paddy soils contaminated by abandoned metal mines in Korea. Cheong, YW; Kim, DK; Kim, SC; Kim, SJ; Lee, JS; Ok, YS; Skousen, JG; Yang, JE, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The objectives of our study were to investigate the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in wheat plants cultivated in arid soils spiked with different doses of heavy metal, as well as bioavailability of these metals in the contaminated arid soils from the oasis, north-west China." | ( Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. Nan, ZR; Wang, SL; Wang, ZW; Zhao, ZJ, 2011) | 0.87 |
| " The carbonate fractions mainly contributed to Cd and Pb bioavailability in contaminated arid soils." | ( Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. Nan, ZR; Wang, SL; Wang, ZW; Zhao, ZJ, 2011) | 0.65 |
| " The concepts of bioavailability and bioaccessibility are important for quantifying the risks associated with exposure to environmental pollutants and providing more realistic information for human health." | ( Assessing Cd, Pb, Zn human bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural topsoils (northern France). Bidar, G; Douay, F; Mazzuca, M; Nisse, C; Pelfrêne, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "We studied the influence of sediment geochemistry on bioavailability of As, Cd, and Cr in deposit-feeding polychaetes." | ( Relating the sediment phase speciation of arsenic, cadmium, and chromium with their bioavailability for the deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis succinea. Baumann, Z; Fisher, NS, 2011) | 0.62 |
| " Future studies needs to evaluate the bioavailability of As and other elements from sikor and their impact on human health." | ( Risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Al-Rmalli, SW; Haris, PI; Jenkins, RO; Watts, MJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The aims of this study were to compare the estrogen-like effects and the bioavailability of dietary Cd to inorganic CdCl(2)." | ( Estrogen-like effects of diet-derived cadmium differ from those of orally administered CdCl(2) in the ERE-luc estrogen reporter mouse model. Berglund, M; Cravedi, JP; Damdimopoulou, P; Håkansson, H; Maggi, A; Mäkelä, S; Ramachandran, B, 2011) | 0.64 |
| " However, the form in which cadmium is presented to consumers can alter the bioavailability and possibly the internal distribution of assimilated Cd." | ( The influence of metal speciation on the bioavailability and sub-cellular distribution of cadmium to the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio dilatatus. Calhôa, CF; Mann, RM; Monteiro, MS; Soares, AM, 2011) | 0.88 |
| "The aim of the present study was to determine if use of the Sequential Elution Technique (SET) improves interpretation of data on the total concentrations of elements in the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum, obtained in a regional network, by providing information about the cellular location, bioavailability and temporal representativeness of different elements." | ( Cellular location of K, Na, Cd and Zn in the moss Pseudoscleropodium purum in an extensive survey. Aboal, JR; Carballeira, A; Fernández, JA; Pérez-Llamazares, A, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Water chemistry is generally thought to influence metal toxicity via affecting metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation, but its effects on tissue residue-based toxicity are poorly known." | ( Acute toxicity of cadmium in Daphnia magna under different calcium and pH conditions: importance of influx rate. Tan, QG; Wang, WX, 2011) | 0.7 |
| " IP-RP HPLC-ICP-MS is a useful and promising technique for determining the lability of noncovalent-bonded metal species (such as Cd species) in the environment and for forecasting their corresponding bioavailability especially when their speciation cannot be rigorously controlled and measured." | ( Evaluation of cadmium species lability using ion-pair reversed phase HPLC coupled on-line with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wang, Q; Yan, H; Yang, L, 2011) | 0.73 |
| "We evaluated the bioavailability of Cd in 86 components of 57 jewelry items found to contain high levels of Cd (> 10,000 ppm) by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), using extractions that simulate mouthing or swallowing of jewelry items." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium in inexpensive jewelry. Guinn, D; Miller, J; Pearson, J; Weidenhamer, JD, 2011) | 0.7 |
| " Bioavailability was measured in two ways." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium in inexpensive jewelry. Guinn, D; Miller, J; Pearson, J; Weidenhamer, JD, 2011) | 0.7 |
| " Bioavailability did not correlate directly with Cd content." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium in inexpensive jewelry. Guinn, D; Miller, J; Pearson, J; Weidenhamer, JD, 2011) | 0.7 |
| " Eight years after Coal Fly Ash (CFA) soil amendment, MTE bioavailability and uptake by two plants, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens, were evaluated, as some biological markers reflecting physiological stress." | ( Influence of fly ash aided phytostabilisation of Pb, Cd and Zn highly contaminated soils on Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens metal transfer and physiological stress. Bidar, G; Debiane, D; Douay, F; Garçon, G; Laruelle, F; Lopareva-Pohu, A; Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, A; Pourrut, B; Shirali, P; Verdin, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " This study adds to the evidence for the dominance of dietary uptake of metals in aquatic animals and identifies a key sedimentary fraction of metals that can account for bioavailability of sediment-bound metals." | ( Modeling metal bioaccumulation in a deposit-feeding polychaete from labile sediment fractions and from pore water. Baumann, Z; Fisher, NS, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Through the formation of bidentate ligand between metal ions and surface sulfhydryl by complexing reaction, the hybrid material could absorb and fix mobile fractions of Cd and Pb in soil, and promote transformation of acid extractable Cd and Pb into residual fraction, resulting in significant reduction of heavy metals bioavailability and mobility and then fixing remediation of contaminated soil." | ( [Effect and mechanism of immobilization of cadmium and lead compound contaminated soil using new hybrid material]. Liang, XF; Qin, X; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Xu, YM, 2011) | 0.63 |
| "To determine and compare the bioavailability of Cd from vegetable and animal-based foods." | ( Cadmium bioavailability from vegetable and animal-based foods assessed with in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model. Bunyaratvej, A; Chunhabundit, R; Kaojarern, S; Kongkachuichai, R; Satayavivad, J; Srianujata, S, 2011) | 1.81 |
| "Cd bioavailability from animal-based foods was higher than that from vegetable-based foods." | ( Cadmium bioavailability from vegetable and animal-based foods assessed with in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model. Bunyaratvej, A; Chunhabundit, R; Kaojarern, S; Kongkachuichai, R; Satayavivad, J; Srianujata, S, 2011) | 1.81 |
| " A relative bioavailability factor accounted for the food matrix might be necessary for exposure assessment and consequently for estimation and prevention of the risk of dietary Cd." | ( Cadmium bioavailability from vegetable and animal-based foods assessed with in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model. Bunyaratvej, A; Chunhabundit, R; Kaojarern, S; Kongkachuichai, R; Satayavivad, J; Srianujata, S, 2011) | 1.81 |
| " Cadmium, Hg(II), and MeHg are chloro-complexed, increasing bioavailability for Hg(II) and MeHg, and reducing bioavailability for Cd." | ( Salinity effects on the bioavailability of aqueous metals for the estuarine killifish Fundulus heteroclitus. Dutton, J; Fisher, NS, 2011) | 1.28 |
| " Fire caused slightly increased bioavailability of the observed metals but more significant rise happened in metal amounts bound to oxides and organics." | ( Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia). Ilic, MD; Markovic, MS; Mitic, VD; Nikolic Mandic, SD; Stankov Jovanovic, VP; Stojanovic, GS, 2011) | 0.63 |
| " The trial involved the participation of seven laboratories (five European and two North American) providing bioaccessibility data for As (11 samples), Cd (9 samples) and Pb (13 samples) using soils with in vivo relative bioavailability data measured using a swine model." | ( An inter-laboratory trial of the unified BARGE bioaccessibility method for arsenic, cadmium and lead in soil. Basta, N; Brandon, E; Casteel, S; Cave, M; Denys, S; Gron, C; Oomen, A; Reimer, K; Tack, K; Van de Wiele, T; Wragg, J, 2011) | 0.59 |
| " This paper addresses the influence of soil properties on the chemical availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (CaCl(2) extraction and ionic activity) and bioavailability (accumulation kinetics) to the land snail Cantareus aspersus." | ( Use of chemical methods to assess Cd and Pb bioavailability to the snail Cantareus aspersus: a first attempt taking into account soil characteristics. Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B; Scheifler, R, 2011) | 0.59 |
| " Lead was mobilized to more weakly retained forms, which indicates a high bioavailability of the remaining Pb in soil after washing." | ( Environmental hazard of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in metal-contaminated soils remediated by sulfosuccinamate formulation. del Carmen Hernández-Soriano, M; Mingorance, MD; Peña, A, 2011) | 0.68 |
| " In the analytical conditions, these results show that risk to children decreases when the bioavailability of Pb in soils is taken into account and that the studied pH values do not affect the EDI-F(A) HQs." | ( In vitro digestion and DGT techniques for estimating cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils: influence of gastric juice pH. Douay, F; Pelfrêne, A; Waterlot, C, 2011) | 0.62 |
| "A growth chamber pot experiment and a field plot experiment were conducted with the installation of rhizobags to study the effects of repeated phytoextraction by Sedum plumbizincicola on the bioavailability of Cd and Zn in the rhizosphere and bulk soil Repeated phytoextraction gave significantly lower Cd and Zn concentrations in both rhizosphere and bulk soil solutions compared with soil without repeated phytoextraction." | ( Rhizosphere concentrations of zinc and cadmium in a metal contaminated soil after repeated phytoextraction by Sedum plumbizincicola. Christie, P; Han, C; Jiang, Y; Li, N; Li, S; Li, Z; Liu, L; Luo, Y; Wu, L, 2011) | 0.64 |
| " In the standard toxicity test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the organisms are fed with bacteria that bind contaminants, thus influencing the bioavailability of the contaminants for the organisms." | ( Toxicity of ingested cadmium to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Höss, S; Schlottmann, K; Traunspurger, W, 2011) | 0.69 |
| "Organic acids released from plant roots can form complexes with cadmium (Cd) in the soil solution and influence metal bioavailability not only due to the nature and concentration of the complexes but also due to their lability." | ( Use of an exchange method to estimate the association and dissociation rate constants of cadmium complexes formed with low-molecular-weight organic acids commonly exuded by plant roots. Nguyen, C; Schneider, A, ) | 0.59 |
| "The bioavailability and ultimate fate of heavy metals in the environment are controlled by adsorption-desorption process." | ( Effects of pH and low molecular weight organic acids on competitive adsorption and desorption of cadmium and lead in paddy soils. Han, X; He, Z; Jiang, H; Li, T; Yang, X, 2012) | 0.6 |
| "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) are now widely applied in consumer products, and the dispersion of nano-TiO(2) may adsorb metals and modify their behavior and bioavailability in the aquatic environment." | ( Role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the elevated uptake and retention of cadmium and zinc in Daphnia magna. Fan, WH; Tan, C; Wang, WX, 2012) | 0.61 |
| " Although metal bioavailability is probably lower for naturally contaminated sediments, the relatively low toxicity thresholds for both Cd and Cu raise the question of possible risk for fish embryos developing in direct contact to sediments." | ( Effects of copper and cadmium spiked-sediments on embryonic development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Barjhoux, I; Baudrimont, M; Cachot, J; Gonzalez, P; Landi, L; Morin, B, 2012) | 0.69 |
| "In the present study, Cd(2+) adsorption on polyacrylate-coated TiO(2) engineered nanoparticles (TiO(2)-ENs) and its effect on the bioavailability as well as toxicity of Cd(2+) to a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated." | ( Cd2+ Toxicity to a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as influenced by its adsorption on TiO2 engineered nanoparticles. Miao, AJ; Yang, LY; Yang, WW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Sediments are considered as a sink for metals, and the assessment of metal bioavailability for benthic organisms represents a great challenge." | ( Coupling geochemical and biological approaches to assess the availability of cadmium in freshwater sediment. Coquery, M; Dabrin, A; Durand, CL; Ferrari, BJ; Garric, J; Geffard, O, 2012) | 0.61 |
| " However this bioavailability is partially, but not completely, an apparent one, because of the considerable depletion of solution ¹⁰⁹Cd in this set-up." | ( A resin-buffered nutrient solution for controlling metal speciation in the algal bottle assay. Merckx, R; Smolders, E; Verheyen, L, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "In this study, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Bacillus megaterium, were used to enhance Cd bioavailability and phytoextractability of Cd from contaminated soils." | ( Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhancing bioavailability and phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from polluted soil. Jeong, S; Kim, JY; Kim, TS; Moon, HS; Nam, K, 2012) | 0.6 |
| "5 had a higher bioavailability than that in PM10." | ( [Speciation analysis of Cd in PM10 and PM2.5 during heating period in Urumqi]. Liu, B; Wang, WQ; Wei, LY; Zheng, CX; Zhu, XP, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " However, studies with plants have shown that labile metal complexes enhance metal bioavailability when the uptake is rate-limited by transport of the free ion in solution to the uptake site." | ( Labile complexes facilitate cadmium uptake by Caco-2 cells. Degryse, F; Niewold, T; Smolders, E; Verheyen, L, 2012) | 0.67 |
| " vittata was treated with different concentrations of As and/or Cd in a hydroponic system, that is, under complete bioavailability of the elements, with the objective of investigating the effects of these two elements and their interactions." | ( Effects of cadmium and arsenic on Pteris vittata under hydroponic conditions. Cornara, L; Drava, G; Manfredi, A; Minganti, V; Roccotiello, E, 2012) | 0.77 |
| "The relative bioavailability of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead for the ingestion pathway was measured in 16 soils contaminated by either smelting or mining activities using a juvenile swine model." | ( In vivo validation of the unified BARGE method to assess the bioaccessibility of arsenic, antimony, cadmium, and lead in soils. Caboche, J; Cave, M; Denys, S; Feidt, C; Jondreville, C; Rychen, G; Tack, K; Wragg, J, 2012) | 0.85 |
| " Results also showed that bioavailability is an important factor determining the impact of the heavy metals assayed, and even an inverted potential toxicity ranking could be achieved if their soluble fraction is considered instead of the total concentration." | ( The exposition of a calcareous Mediterranean soil to toxic concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb produces changes in the microbiota mainly related to differential metal bioavailability. Caliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Triadó-Margarit, X; Vila, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Although soil characteristics modulate metal mobility and bioavailability to organisms, they are often ignored in the risk assessment of metal transfer." | ( Soil parameters are key factors to predict metal bioavailability to snails based on chemical extractant data. Coeurdassier, M; de Vaufleury, A; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B; Scheifler, R, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " We suggest that direct interactions of Cd-NOM complexes with the gill, and increases in Cd bioavailability due to Pb outcompeting Cd for NOM-metal binding sites due to its greater affinity for such ligands, accounted for greater Cd-gill binding and toxicity." | ( Interactions of Pb and Cd mixtures in the presence or absence of natural organic matter with the fish gill. Borgmann, U; George Dixon, D; Playle, RC; Wilkie, MP; Winter, AR, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "As phytoextraction implementation may be limited by metal toxicity and leaching, we investigated the idea of in situ metal immobilization in bulk soil, while increasing metal bioavailability in the rhizosphere." | ( Sulfur-aided phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Salix smithiana combined with in situ metal immobilization by gravel sludge and red mud. Iqbal, M; Oburger, E; Puschenreiter, M; Santner, J; Wenzel, WW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Clear exceptions to the FIAM have been shown for Cd uptake by plant roots, periphyton and human cells where labile Cd complexes increase bioavailability and which has been attributed to their role in enhancing Cd diffusion towards the uptake cells." | ( Labile synthetic cadmium complexes are not bioavailable to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in resin buffered solutions. Merckx, R; Smolders, E; Verheyen, L, 2012) | 0.72 |
| " For this purpose, effects of bare titanium dioxide engineered nanoparticles (TiO(2)-NP) and their bulk counterpart (TiO(2)-BC) on Cd(2+) bioavailability and toxicity to the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were examined in the present study." | ( Cd2+ toxicity as affected by bare TiO2 nanoparticles and their bulk counterpart. Li, Y; Miao, AJ; Yang, LY; Yang, WW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Differences between the bioavailability of cadmium in a periphyton diet and an artificial laboratory diet (TetraMin(®)) have important consequences for predicting bioaccumulation and toxicity in the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca." | ( Cadmium bioavailability to Hyalella azteca from a periphyton diet compared to an artificial diet and application of a biokinetic model. Borgmann, U; George Dixon, D; Golding, LA, 2013) | 2.1 |
| "In this work, the nexus between sorption and bioavailability of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) as affected by soil type, soil pH, ageing, and mobilizing agents were examined." | ( Sorption-bioavailability nexus of arsenic and cadmium in variable-charge soils. Bolan, N; Kunhikrishnan, A; Mahimairaja, S; Naidu, R, 2013) | 0.87 |
| " Bioavailability of spiked Cd to deposit-feeders, assessed by in vitro Cd solubilization, generally decreased with contact time but became comparable with that of background Cd after 2 months." | ( Influence of contact time and sediment composition on the bioavailability of Cd in sediments. Evans, D; Kraemer, L; Zhong, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Germination and algal tests showed higher sensitivity in Regosol soil than in Arenosol soil for Cr due to differences in the bioavailability between the soils." | ( Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. Cáliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Vila, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The Cd bioavailability in soils could be accurately predicted by the CDM-PAAAS-DGT technique, which expanded its applicable area." | ( [Predicting the cadmium bioavailability in the soil of sugarcane field based on the diffusive gradients in thin films with binding phase of sodium polyacrylate]. Liu, ZQ; Shen, Y; Song, NN; Wang, FL; Zhang, CB; Zhao, YJ, 2012) | 0.72 |
| " Ameliorant treatments could decrease the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in the soil, and thus reduce the contents of Pb and Cd in the fruits." | ( [In situ immobilization of Pb and Cd in orchard soil using soil ameliorants]. Chen, S; Liu, WP; Tang, M; Yu, J; Zhang, D; Zhang, JZ; Zhang, X, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Therefore, we concluded that the increased Zn bioavailability in ambient waters not only increased the tissue Zn concentration but also enhanced the overall bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu." | ( Facilitated bioaccumulation of cadmium and copper in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis solely exposed to zinc. Liu, F; Wang, WX, 2013) | 0.68 |
| "Sediment particulates can be ingested by benthic animals, and the bioavailability of associated metals strongly depends on their speciation in the sediments." | ( Effects of sediment composition on cadmium bioaccumulation in the clam Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus. Jia, Y; Wang, S; Wu, X; Xie, L; Xu, L, 2013) | 0.67 |
| " And the bioavailability of these four heavy metals was also determined preliminarily." | ( [Speciation and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of Taihu Lake]. Cao, W; Qin, YW; Zhang, L; Zheng, BH, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The aim of our study was to compare and evaluate the results of the biological and non-biological assessment of metal bioavailability after soil remediation." | ( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " scaber is a more relevant and sensitive measure of metal bioavailability than chemical bioaccessibility testing in remediated industrially polluted soil." | ( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The combination of biomonitors with DGT can obtain different information about Cd bioavailability and confirm the significance of applying a suite of biomarkers rather than a selective index to assess the sublethal effect." | ( Bioavailability and oxidative stress of cadmium to Corbicula fluminea. Luo, J; Ma, H; Ma, LQ; Ren, J; Wang, X, 2013) | 0.66 |
| " Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 on naturally Cd and Pb contaminated soils inoculated with and without Trichoderma asperellum strain C3 or Penicillium chrysogenum strain D4, to investigate plant growth, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability responses." | ( Fungal inoculation and elevated CO2 mediate growth of Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability in metal-contaminated soil: evidence from DGT measurement. Guo, J; Ju, X; Smith, DL; Song, N; Tang, S; Wang, F; Zhang, C, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The effects of elevated CO2 on the metal bioavailability and the rhizosphere characteristics of hyperaccumulator are not well understood." | ( Effects of elevated CO₂ on rhizosphere characteristics of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. Han, X; Li, T; Tao, Q; Yang, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Predicting the mobility, bioavailability and transfer of cadmium (Cd) in the soil-plant system is of great importance with regards to food safety and environmental management." | ( Major controlling factors and predictions for cadmium transfer from the soil into spinach plants. Chen, S; Ding, Q; Li, J; Liang, Z; Ma, Y; Wei, D, 2013) | 0.89 |
| " Cadmium toxicity is reported to causes oxidative damage, resulting in vascular dysfunction, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and hypertension." | ( Apocynin ameliorates cadmium-induced hypertension through elevation of endothelium nitric oxide synthase. Baker, A; Brown, PD; Douglas, D; McCalla, G; Nwokocha, CR; Nwokocha, M, 2013) | 1.62 |
| " The authors' results have important implications for bioavailability and environmental assessment of dietary metals." | ( Bioavailability of purified subcellular metals to a marine fish. Guo, F; Wang, WX; Yao, J, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of metal bioavailability in soil by linking the biotic ligand approach with toxicokinetics modelling." | ( Using a toxicokinetics approach to explain the effect of soil pH on cadmium bioavailability to Folsomia candida. Ardestani, MM; van Gestel, CA, 2013) | 0.63 |
| " However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism controlling rice Cd solubility and bioavailability under different rhizosphere conditions to explain the discrepancy of previous studies." | ( Effects of pH, Fe, and Cd on the uptake of Fe(2+) and Cd (2+) by rice. Chen, X; Cheng, W; Ge, Y; Hu, H; Li, Y; Liu, D; Wang, S; Yang, Y; Zhang, C, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The estimation of heavy metal bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment." | ( In vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables: the influence of cooking and additives. Cui, Y; Fu, J, 2013) | 0.64 |
| "The BCR sequential extraction procedure was compared with EDTA, HCl, and NaNO3 single extractions for evaluating vanadium bioavailability in alfalfa rhizosphere soil." | ( Comparison of bioavailable vanadium in alfalfa rhizosphere soil extracted by an improved BCR procedure and EDTA, HCl, and NaNO₃ single extractions in a pot experiment with V-Cd treatments. Song, L; Teng, Y; Yang, J; Zuo, R, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Moreover, the Cd or Pb uptake in sunflower showed various correlations with pH and some organic acids, which might be due to the fact that the Cd and Pb interfere with the organic acids secretion in rhizosphere of sunflower, and the changes of organic acids altered the form and bioavailability of Cd and Pb in cultures conversely." | ( Dynamics of three organic acids (malic, acetic and succinic acid) in sunflower exposed to cadmium and lead. Li, X; Niu, Z; Sun, L; Sun, T, 2013) | 0.61 |
| " exploring the partnership of plant-microbe) for either enhancing (phytoextraction) or reducing the bioavailability of contaminants in the rhizosphere (phytostabilization) as well as plant growth promoting could significantly improve the process of phytoremediation in co-contaminated soil." | ( Evaluating the phytoremediation potential of Phragmites australis grown in pentachlorophenol and cadmium co-contaminated soils. Abdenaceur, H; Aissa, NB; Hechmi, N; Jedidi, N, 2014) | 0.62 |
| "To improve our understanding of metal bioavailability to soil-living invertebrates, the effect of porewater composition on the toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida (Collembola) was investigated." | ( Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida exposed to simulated soil solutions. Ardestani, MM; van Gestel, CA, 2013) | 0.88 |
| " Cadmium exposure increased vasoconstrictor activity by reducing NO bioavailability owing to the increased production of ROS by NADPH oxidase." | ( Cadmium exposure induces vascular injury due to endothelial oxidative stress: the role of local angiotensin II and COX-2. Angeli, JK; Cruz Pereira, CA; de Oliveira Faria, T; Padilha, AS; Stefanon, I; Vassallo, DV, 2013) | 2.74 |
| " Additions of complexing agents into the exposure water reduced Cd bioavailability via complexation of Cd(2+), and complexants from different sources displayed different protective effect." | ( Development of a model to predict the effect of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of cadmium to Photobacterium phosphoreum. Liu, Z; Qu, R; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Yan, Z, 2013) | 0.61 |
| "Studies concerning the lability and bioavailability of trace metals have played a prominent role in the search for contamination of water resources." | ( Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for measuring Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn in Amazonian rivers. Colaço, CD; Domingos, RN; Kiang, CH; Menegário, AA; Pascoaloto, D; Yabuki, LN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Although to different extents, the biochars induced significant changes of the substrates in terms of pH, EC, CEC and bioavailability of the metals." | ( Elements uptake by metal accumulator species grown on mine tailings amended with three types of biochar. Fellet, G; Marchiol, L; Marmiroli, M, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The biogeochemistry and bioavailability of cadmium, released during sphalerite weathering in soils, were investigated under contrasting agricultural scenarios to assess health risks associated with sphalerite dust transport to productive soils from mining." | ( Cadmium contamination of agricultural soils and crops resulting from sphalerite weathering. Braungardt, CB; Rieuwerts, J; Robson, TC; Worsfold, P, 2014) | 2.11 |
| "Biomonitoring provides direct evidence of the bioavailability and accumulation of toxic elements in the environment." | ( Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in liver, kidney and lung tissues of homing pigeons in Beijing, China. Cui, J; Halbrook, RS; Wu, B; Zang, S, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Regression models were used to describe relationships between pine elements bioavailability and biological (dehydrogenase activity) and physico-chemical properties of mine soils developed at different parental rocks." | ( Linking heavy metal bioavailability (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) in Scots pine needles to soil properties in reclaimed mine areas. Pietrzykowski, M; Socha, J; van Doorn, NS, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The results suggested that even though sugarcane waste-products insignificantly promote sugarcane growth, they can be used in agriculture due to the low metal accumulation in sugarcane and the reduction in metal bioavailability in the soil." | ( Effects of sugarcane waste-products on Cd and Zn fractionation and their uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Akkajit, P; DeSutter, T; Tongcumpou, C, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Finally, factors influencing the bioavailability of Cd were not commonly reported in the literature, which made normalization of concentrations at which evolutionary effects occurred impossible and affected the number of studies that could be evaluated in the suggested approach." | ( An approach to assess the regulatory relevance of microevolutionary effects in ecological risk assessment of chemicals: a case study with cadmium. De Coninck, DI; De Schamphelaere, KA; Janssen, CR, 2014) | 0.6 |
| " Rice is a major staple food of the majority world population, therefore, it is imperative to understand the relationship between the bioavailability of Cd in soils and its accumulation in rice grain." | ( Cadmium phytoavailability to rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety. Ali, B; Aziz, R; Li, T; Rafiq, MK; Rafiq, MT; Xiao, W; Yang, X, 2014) | 1.85 |
| " In this study, we developed cadmium-free sugar-chain-immobilized fluorescent nanoparticles (SFNPs) using ZnS-AgInS2 (ZAIS) solid solution nanoparticles (NPs) of low or negligible toxicity as core components, and investigated their bioavailability and cytotoxicity." | ( Cadmium-free sugar-chain-immobilized fluorescent nanoparticles containing low-toxicity ZnS-AgInS2 cores for probing lectin and cells. Kuwabata, S; Mochizuki, E; Nagata, N; Sakamoto, M; Shinchi, H; Suda, Y; Uematsu, T; Wakao, M, 2014) | 2.14 |
| "Biotic ligand models (BLM) explicitly accounting for hypothetical interactions with biotic ligands and bioavailability as dictated by water chemistry have been developed for various metals and different organisms." | ( Impacts of major cations (K(+), Na (+), Ca (2+), Mg (2+)) and protons on toxicity predictions of nickel and cadmium to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using exposure models. Liu, Y; Peijnenburg, WJ; Vijver, MG, 2014) | 0.62 |
| " We review the sources of Cd contamination, its uptake, transportation and bioavailability and accumulation in plants, and its antagonistic and synergistic effects with other metals and compounds." | ( Modulation of plant growth and metabolism in cadmium-enriched environments. Ahmad, P; Akram, NA; Ashraf, M; Jamshieed, S; Qadir, S; Rasool, S, 2014) | 0.66 |
| "An Escherichia coli cadAp::luc-based whole-cell sensor was constructed to measure cadmium (Cd) bioavailability and assess the immobilizing efficiency of phosphate and silicate on Cd." | ( Assessing the effect of phosphate and silicate on Cd bioavailability in soil using an Escherichia coli cadAp::luc-based whole-cell sensor. Bai, ZH; Hou, QH; Li, Y; Ma, AZ; Zhang, XK; Zhuang, GQ; Zhuang, XL, 2014) | 0.63 |
| " This can affect the speciation and the bioavailability of metals in polluted habitats such as estuaries." | ( Interactive effects of CO₂ and trace metals on the proteasome activity and cellular stress response of marine bivalves Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria. Beniash, E; Götze, S; Matoo, OB; Saborowski, R; Sokolova, IM, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Ocean acidification due to the increasing atmospheric (P2CO) leads to a decrease in pH and shifts in the carbonate chemistry of seawater which can change bioavailability and toxicity of metals." | ( Immunomodulation by the interactive effects of cadmium and hypercapnia in marine bivalves Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria. Hawkins, C; Ivanina, AV; Sokolova, IM, 2014) | 0.66 |
| " These results indicate that the Metaleurop smelter, despite its closure in 2003, still represents a threat to the local ecosystem because of the high levels and high bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil." | ( Histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter. Durfort, M; Rieffel, D; Sánchez-Chardi, A; Scheifler, R; Tête, N, 2014) | 0.7 |
| " This study is a contribution to aquatic ecosystem management and to current knowledge of Cd dynamics, bioavailability and interaction with aquatic planktonic organisms." | ( Influence of the microbial loop on trophodynamics and toxicity of cadmium complexed by cyanobacterium exudates. Lombardi, AT; Nogueira, MM; Nogueira, PF, 2014) | 0.64 |
| " According to the characters of chemistry, mobility, and bioavailability of metals in urban street dust, we estimated the hazards on the environment and human health, which will help us to get more reasonable information for risk management of metals in urban environment." | ( Human health risk assessment based on toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and simple bioaccessibility extraction test of toxic metals in urban street dust of Tianjin, China. Wang, Y; Yu, B; Zhou, Q, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Because soil pH and land use types have strong effects on the bioavailability of trace metals in soil, they were taken into account by some environmental protection agencies in making composite soil environmental quality standards (SEQSs) that contain multiple metal thresholds under different pH and land use conditions." | ( Estimating the pollution risk of cadmium in soil using a composite soil environmental quality standard. Huang, B; Li, W; Qu, M; Zhang, C; Zhao, Y, 2014) | 0.68 |
| " However, the bioavailability of the metal in these soils remains unknown." | ( Assessment of the bioavailability of cadmium in Jamaican soils. Grant, CN; Hanson, RE; Hoo Fung, L; Rattray, R; Spence, A, 2014) | 0.68 |
| " A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar." | ( A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment. Bian, R; Chia, C; Cui, L; Donne, S; Gong, B; Joseph, S; Li, L; Liu, X; Marjo, C; Munroe, P; Pan, G; Rutlidge, H; Wong, S; Zhang, A, 2014) | 0.64 |
| " In this study, human intestinal cell line (Caco-2 cells) and normal human liver cell line (HL-7702 cells) were used to investigate the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd to both cell lines and to validate these cell lines as in vitro models for studying Cd accumulation and toxicity in human intestine and liver." | ( Impact assessment of cadmium toxicity and its bioavailability in human cell lines (Caco-2 and HL-7702). Aziz, R; Daud, MK; He, Z; Li, T; Liu, D; Lu, L; Rafiq, MT; Yang, J; Yang, X, 2014) | 0.72 |
| " The study suggests that carbonates control the mobility and bioavailability of Zn, Ni, and Cd in these calcareous soils, even in presence of a strong adsorbent such as HFO." | ( Fate and distribution of heavy metals in wastewater irrigated calcareous soils. Ammari, T; Duqqah, M; Stietiya, MH; Udeigwe, T; Zubi, R, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Lower metal bioavailability often limits the phytoextraction." | ( Citric acid assisted phytoremediation of cadmium by Brassica napus L. Ali, S; Ehsan, S; Farid, M; Ishaque, W; Mahmood, K; Noureen, S; Rizwan, M; Shakoor, MB, 2014) | 0.67 |
| "The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of cadmium bioavailability by linking toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics." | ( A combined toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics approach to assess the effect of porewater composition on cadmium bioavailability to Folsomia candida. Ardestani, MM; Oduber, F; van Gestel, CA, 2014) | 0.86 |
| " A significant reduction in metal uptake by plants was also observed as a result of sewage sludge application, which was attributed to decreased bioavailability through soil stabilisation." | ( Efficacy of biosolids in assisted phytostabilization of metalliferous acidic sandy soils with five grass species. Grobelak, A; Grosser, A; Kacprzak, M; Prasad, MN, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Metal(loid) bioavailability was assessed after soil contamination, whereas plant growth, metal(loid) concentration in plant organs and DNA damage were measured at the end of plant exposition." | ( The combined toxic and genotoxic effects of Cd and As to plant bioindicator Trifolium repens L. Citterio, S; Fumagalli, P; Gentili, R; Ghiani, A; Nguyen Van, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| ", median lethal accumulations, or LA50s) were calculated to assess relative bioavailability of these metals in Columbia River water compared to laboratory water, and to elucidate possible differences in sensitivity of early life stage white sturgeon to the same concentrations of metals when tested in the different water sources." | ( Acute toxicity of copper, lead, cadmium, and zinc to early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in laboratory and Columbia River water. Giesy, JP; Hecker, M; Ryan, A; Santore, R; Vardy, DW, 2014) | 0.69 |
| " This has necessitated the use of amendments to potentially enhance solubilization of metals in order to increase their bioavailability in the soil solution." | ( Comparison of the solubilizing efficiencies of some pH lowering (sulphur and (NH4)2SO4) amendments on Cd and Zn mobility in soils. Amoakwah, E; Essumang, DK; Van Slycken, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Two mechanisms helped to explain the role of PHF in alleviating Cd toxicity to yeasts: PHF decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress and bound significant amounts of Cd in the extracellular medium, reducing its bioavailability to the cells." | ( Polyhydroxyfullerene binds cadmium ions and alleviates metal-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cássio, F; Pascoal, C; Pinheiro, JP; Pradhan, A; Seena, S, 2014) | 0.7 |
| " Thus, the herbicide glyphosate can reduce the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd in the soil ecosystems at both short- and long-term exposures." | ( Inhibition effect of glyphosate on the acute and subacute toxicity of cadmium to earthworm Eisenia fetida. Fan, GP; Li, CC; Liu, C; Qin, WX; Sun, RJ; Wang, YJ; Zhou, CF; Zhou, DM, 2014) | 0.64 |
| ") route to establish its dose-response relationship in terms of bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters." | ( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of arsenic are influenced by the presence of cadmium. Diacomanolis, V; Ng, JC; Noller, BN, 2014) | 0.63 |
| " Cadmium and Zn were released mostly in the acid exchangeable step of the sequential extraction, indicating that they have the greatest potential mobility and bioavailability of the analytes studied." | ( Fractionation and ecotoxicological implication of potentially toxic metals in sediments of three urban rivers and the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, West Africa. Alo, BI; Davidson, CM; Olayinka, KO; Oyeyiola, AO, 2014) | 1.31 |
| " The major finding of this work suggested that in the root, SaMR12 improves cadmium bioavailability and absorption facility by increasing root-soil contact area and root organic acid secretion; and in the shoot, SaMR12 increases cadmium tolerance by alleviating oxidative stress of plant, so as to enhance the capability of cadmium extraction by plant." | ( Improvement of cadmium uptake and accumulation in Sedum alfredii by endophytic bacteria Sphingomonas SaMR12: effects on plant growth and root exudates. Chen, B; Feng, Y; Khan, KY; Pan, F; Rafiq, MT; Yang, X; Zhang, Y, 2014) | 0.98 |
| " Finally, these biochars could thus also be applicable for metal contaminated soils to reduce mobility and bioavailability of Cd and Pb." | ( Geochemical and spectroscopic investigations of Cd and Pb sorption mechanisms on contrasting biochars: engineering implications. Bingöl, D; Hruška, M; Komárek, M; Pohořelý, M; Trakal, L, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Many types of seafood are rich in cadmium, but bioavailability and potential for toxicity after consumption is less clear." | ( Seafood intake and blood cadmium in a cohort of adult avid seafood consumers. Guan, S; Meliker, J; Palermo, T, 2015) | 1 |
| "The contribution of the nature instead of the total content of soil parameters relevant to metal bioavailability in lettuce was tested using a series of low-polluted Mediterranean agricultural calcareous soils offering natural gradients in the content and composition of carbonate, organic, and oxide fractions." | ( Improving the relationship between soil characteristics and metal bioavailability by using reactive fractions of soil parameters in calcareous soils. de Santiago-Martín, A; González, C; Lafuente, AL; Lamy, I; Quintana, JR; van Oort, F, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "This study reports the chemical bioavailability of several potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb) in contaminated Technosols from two former smelting and mining areas." | ( Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas. Gauthier, A; Joussein, E; Motelica-Heino, M; Qasim, B; Soubrand, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The lower bioavailability of Cd in paddy soil and the competition for adsorption sites in root coating of rice plant between Cd(2+) and Fe(2+) reduced from bivalent ions jointly caused the lower brown rice Cd in amended soils." | ( Immobilization of Cd in paddy soil using moisture management and amendment. Li, J; Xu, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Shrimp farming, agriculture, and other sources were considered as potential sources to explain the differences in metal bioavailability in the 8 lagoons." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc in subtropical coastal lagoons from the southeast Gulf of California using mangrove oysters (Crassostrea corteziensis and Crassostrea palmula). Osuna-Martínez, CC; Páez-Osuna, F, 2015) | 0.75 |
| " Any environmental changes that could alter HS concentration and reactivity can be expected to modify metal complexation and thus affect metal speciation and bioavailability to microalgae." | ( Photo-transformation of pedogenic humic acid and consequences for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) speciation and bioavailability to green microalga. Adenmatten, D; Miéville, P; Slaveykova, VI; Traber, J; Worms, IA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Enhanced bioavailability of Ni and Cd ions, due to competitive adsorption and desorption reactions, had no reasonable effect on metal ion accumulation in plant tissues." | ( An analytical deterministic model for simultaneous phytoremediation of Ni and Cd from contaminated soils. Davari, M; Homaee, M; Rahnemaie, R, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The results have broad significance, for example, for predictions of reactivity and bioavailability of metal species which inherently involve partitioning and diffusion into diverse gel layers such as biointerfacial cell walls, biofilm matrices, and mucous membranes." | ( Partitioning of humic acids between aqueous solution and hydrogel. 3. Microelectrodic dynamic speciation analysis of free and bound humic metal complexes in the gel phase. Pinheiro, JP; Town, RM; van Leeuwen, HP; Yasadi, K; Zielińska, K, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil." | ( Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar. Christie, P; Hu, P; Luo, Y; Ouyang, Y; Shen, L; Wu, L, 2015) | 0.68 |
| "In order to predict the bioavailability of toxic metals in soils undergoing degradation of organic matter (OM) and iron oxides (IOs), it is vital to understand the roles of these soil components in relation to metal retention and redistribution with time." | ( Effects of time, soil organic matter, and iron oxides on the relative retention and redistribution of lead, cadmium, and copper on soils. Adebowale, KO; Diagboya, PN; Olu-Owolabi, BI, 2015) | 0.63 |
| "41%) and bioavailability (4." | ( Uptake of cadmium by rice grown on contaminated soils and its bioavailability/toxicity in human cell lines (Caco-2/HL-7702). Aziz, R; He, Z; Li, T; Liu, D; Rafiq, MT; Stoffella, PJ; Sun, K; Xiaoe, Y, 2015) | 0.82 |
| " In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar." | ( Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. Che, L; Guo, X; He, L; Huang, H; Lin, X; Liu, J; Lu, K; McGrouther, K; Wang, H; Yang, X; Ye, Z, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Thirteen sediment samples were collected from the study area in the period of 2010-2011 to assess the potential bioavailability and toxicity of the selected metals." | ( Assessment of heavy metals pollution using AVS-SEM and fractionation techniques in Edku Lagoon sediments, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. El Zokm, GM; Okbah, MA; Younis, AM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Sequential extraction analysis indicated that Cd is retained primarily by low bioavailability soil fractions, and phytoextraction is therefore not feasible at this site." | ( Feasibility of Using Phytoextraction to Remediate a Compost-Based Soil Contaminated with Cadmium. Parisien, MA; Rutter, A; Zeeb, BA, 2015) | 0.64 |
| " The purpose of this work is to evaluate the applicability of biosensors as tools able to provide data about the bioavailability of such MTEs in contaminated soils." | ( Determination of zinc, cadmium and lead bioavailability in contaminated soils at the single-cell level by a combination of whole-cell biosensors and flow cytometry. Colinet, G; Delvigne, F; Fischer, C; Hiligsmann, S; Hurdebise, Q; Tarayre, C, 2015) | 0.73 |
| "The European "Community Bureau of Reference" (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, diffusive gradient in thin-films technique (DGT), and physiologically based extraction test were applied to assess metal bioavailability in sediments of Lake Taihu (n = 13)." | ( Sediment metal bioavailability in Lake Taihu, China: evaluation of sequential extraction, DGT, and PBET techniques. Luo, J; Ma, H; Ren, J; Wang, X; Williams, PN, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "A laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of four phosphate fertilizers, including diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium phosphate monobasic (MPP), calcium superphosphateon (SSP), and calcium phosphate tribasic (TCP), in terms of the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd in contaminated soils." | ( Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the immobilization of Cd in contaminated soils. Liang, CH; Yan, Y; Zhou, YQ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " This study provides a first step to apply a chemical speciation approach to dictate the trophic bioavailability of Cd through the soil-plant-snail system, which might be an important pre-requisite for mechanistic understanding of metal trophic transfer." | ( Internal distribution of Cd in lettuce and resulting effects on Cd trophic transfer to the snail: Achatina fulica. Cang, L; Dang, F; Li, CC; Peijnenburg, WJ; Zhou, DM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The formalism elucidates the dramatic impacts of initial cell concentration on metal bioavailability and toxicity over time, in agreement with reported algae bioassays." | ( Dynamics of Metal Partitioning at the Cell-Solution Interface: Implications for Toxicity Assessment under Growth-Inhibiting Conditions. Duval, JF; Fortin, C; Lavoie, M; Paquet, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " We found that compared with the control, saturation concentration and maximal absorption rate of Cd was higher under flavonoid amendment (p<0." | ( The influence of flavonoid amendment on the absorption of cadmium in Avicennia marina roots. Hong, H; Li, J; Liu, J; Lu, H; Yan, C, 2015) | 0.66 |
| "Elevated CO2 levels reduce seawater pH and may affect bioavailability of trace metals in estuaries." | ( Effects of environmental hypercapnia and metal (Cd and Cu) exposure on acid-base and metal homeostasis of marine bivalves. Beniash, E; Hawkins, C; Ivanina, AV; Sokolova, IM, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, in a mixed-contaminated soil, an adsorption process more specific to the metals without affecting the bioavailability of PAHs is desired for effective degradation." | ( Heavy metal-immobilizing organoclay facilitates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in mixed-contaminated soil. Biswas, B; Mandal, A; Naidu, R; Sarkar, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " We found evidence that in comparison to the untreated soil, the treated soil was associated with decreased bioavailability of the heavy metals and increased vegetable yields." | ( Slash-and-char: An ancient agricultural technique holds new promise for management of soils contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn. He, XX; Jia, P; Kuang, JL; Li, JT; Li, SP; Liao, B; Niu, LQ; Shu, WS; Zhou, WH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The reduction in metal bioavailability and other modifications to the substrate induced by the application of biochar may be beneficial to the establishment of a green cover on top of mine soil to aid remediation and reduce risks." | ( Cadmium, lead, and zinc mobility and plant uptake in a mine soil amended with sugarcane straw biochar. Abreu, CA; Beesley, L; Melo, LC; Paz-Ferreiro, J; Puga, AP, 2015) | 1.86 |
| " Cadmium bioavailability was higher in YS cabbage (5." | ( In Vitro Assessment of Cadmium Bioavailability in Chinese Cabbage Grown on Different Soils and Its Toxic Effects on Human Health. Aziz, R; He, Z; Liu, D; Rafiq, MT; Sun, K; Xiaoe, Y, 2015) | 1.64 |
| " Cd exchangeability and bioavailability were relatively low and did not increase during changes in Cd speciation, suggesting that Cd released by sulfide oxidation was readily taken up with strong interactions with organic matter and phosphate ligands." | ( Fate of cadmium in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis halleri grown in a contaminated dredged sediment. Bert, V; Flank, AM; Huguet, S; Isaure, MP; Laboudigue, A; Proux, O; Sarret, G; Vantelon, D, 2015) | 0.85 |
| "There are only a limited number of studies that have developed appropriate models which incorporate bioavailability to estimate mixture toxicity." | ( Incorporating bioavailability into toxicity assessment of Cu-Ni, Cu-Cd, and Ni-Cd mixtures with the extended biotic ligand model and the WHAM-F(tox) approach. He, E; Liu, Y; Peijnenburg, WJ; Qiu, H; Smolders, E; Versieren, L; Vijver, MG; Wang, P; Xia, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) to rice may be complicated by chemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere." | ( Do soil Fe transformation and secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids affect the availability of Cd to rice? Chen, X; Ge, Y; Liu, D; Yang, Y; Zhang, C, 2015) | 0.73 |
| " It can be concluded that by selecting suitable type and concentration of LMWOAs, mobility, and hence, bioavailability of heavy metals can be changed." | ( Effects of organic acids on cadmium and copper sorption and desorption by two calcareous soils. Jalali, M; Najafi, S, 2015) | 0.71 |
| " Organic selenium compounds are effective antioxidants during heavy metal poisoning; they exhibit higher bioavailability in mammals than inorganic ones and they are able to activate antioxidant defense, bind heavy metal ions and reactive oxygen species formed during metal-induced oxidative stress." | ( [Biological activity of selenorganic compounds at heavy metal salts intoxication]. Borodulin, VB; Rusetskaya, NY, ) | 0.13 |
| "Predicting the bioavailability and effects of metals in sediments is of major concern in context with sediment risk assessment." | ( Bioaccumulation and molecular effects of sediment-bound metals in zebrafish embryos. Erdinger, L; Feiler, U; Giesy, JP; Hecker, M; Hollert, H; Redelstein, R; Seiler, TB; Spira, D; Wiseman, S; Zielke, H; Zimmer, H, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Increasing trace metal competition in sediments increased lability and bioavailability of Cd in the tropical estuarine sediment." | ( Relationship between the lability of sediment-bound Cd and its bioaccumulation in edible oyster. Bardhan, P; Chakraborty, P; Chakraborty, S; Chennuri, K; Ramteke, D, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The objective of this study was to examine the speciation and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in selected complementary medicines." | ( Speciation and bioavailability of lead in complementary medicines. Bolan, S; Clark, I; Dong, M; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Ok, YS; Palanisami, T; Seshadri, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The reasons for the observed antagonism were elucidated from two aspects, including bioavailability and enzymatic activity." | ( Joint toxicity of sediment-associated permethrin and cadmium to Chironomus dilutus: The role of bioavailability and enzymatic activities. Chen, X; Li, H; You, J, 2015) | 0.67 |
| " The addition of nZVI/AC was able to convert relatively weakly bound heavy metals into more strongly bound species and thus reduce the bioavailability and toxicity." | ( Investigation of heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) stabilization in river sediment by nano-zero-valent iron/activated carbon composite. Chen, WF; Li, Y; Wang, W; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " These findings raise concerns about the bioavailability and the additional threat posed by metals for pollinators in agricultural areas while providing new insights for potential use of the honey bee as a sentinel species for metal exposure." | ( Low dietary levels of Al, Pb and Cd may affect the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera). Aras, P; Boily, M; Gauthier, M; Jumarie, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " It requires a better understanding of how the temperature alters the bioavailability of metals in cultivated soils." | ( Impact of temperature on the dynamics of organic matter and on the soil-to-plant transfer of Cd, Zn and Pb in a contaminated agricultural soil. Cornu, JY; Denaix, L; Lacoste, J; Nguyen, C; Sappin-Didier, V; Schneider, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " These urban soils will require further management to reduce Pb and possibly Cd bioavailability to decrease the potential for uptake into food crops." | ( When Vacant Lots Become Urban Gardens: Characterizing the Perceived and Actual Food Safety Concerns of Urban Agriculture in Ohio. Basta, N; Hand, M; Huber, S; Kaiser, ML; Williams, ML, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " However, the contribution of each source on metal bioavailability and how soil properties influence these contributions have never been studied when considering the dynamic process of bioavailability." | ( How contamination sources and soil properties can influence the Cd and Pb bioavailability to snails. Coeurdassier, M; Crini, N; de Vaufleury, A; Druart, C; Gimbert, F; Pauget, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This study demonstrated the high potential harm of the CdS nanoparticular form despite its lower bioavailability for Tubifex worms." | ( Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles trigger DNA alterations and modify the bioturbation activity of tubificidae worms exposed through the sediment. Bourdineaud, JP; Ciutat, A; Dedeh, A; Lecroart, P; Treguer-Delapierre, M, 2016) | 1.88 |
| " Thus, it is hypothesized that Fe fractions, in addition to pH value, may play an important role in the Cd bioavailability in paddy soil and this requires further investigation." | ( Cadmium availability in rice paddy fields from a mining area: The effects of soil properties highlighting iron fractions and pH value. Deng, DM; Li, F; Liu, C; Wang, Q; Yu, HY; Zhu, J, 2016) | 1.88 |
| "Adsorption and desorption are important processes that influence the potential toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils." | ( The Adsorption and Desorption of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) in Freeze-Thaw Treated Soils. Guo, P; Li, L; Li, X; Ma, J; Tao, J; Wang, G; Xu, M; Yu, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The use of both species is proposed to monitor the bioavailability and oxidative damage in coastal areas with mining activity." | ( Assessment oxidative stress biomarkers and metal bioaccumulation in macroalgae from coastal areas with mining activities in Chile. Carrasco Kittelsen, R; Gaete Olivares, H; Hidalgo Lillo, ME; Jara Gutierrez, C; Lobos Valenzuela, G; Moyano Lagos, N, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Heavy metal bioavailability depends on metal fractions in soil." | ( Chemical speciation and bioavailability of cadmium in the temperate and semiarid soils treated with wheat residue. Jafari Monsef, M; Safari Sinegani, AA, 2016) | 0.7 |
| "This study established a mechanistic linkage between Cd speciation and bioavailability in mangrove system from the west coast of India." | ( Linkage between speciation of Cd in mangrove sediment and its bioaccumulation in total soft tissue of oyster from the west coast of India. Bardhan, P; Chakraborty, P; Gadi, SD; Ramteke, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Environmental factors play an important role since they alter the toxicity of metals by varying the bioavailability of these elements for the organisms." | ( Influence of sulphate on the reduction of cadmium toxicity in the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Abalde, J; Mera, R; Torres, E, 2016) | 0.7 |
| " To evaluate BCs effect on Cd, Pb, As bioavailability and mobility, CaCl2, KH2PO4 and SPLP extractions were firstly carried out." | ( Varying effect of biochar on Cd, Pb and As mobility in a multi-metal contaminated paddy soil. Chen, C; Li, H; Peng, B; Tan, C; Wang, X; Yin, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The dynamics of available Cu, Zn, and Mn contents in paddy soil in two consecutive years indicated sepiolite had negligible effects on the bioavailability of trace metals." | ( Two-year stability of immobilization effect of sepiolite on Cd contaminants in paddy soil. Huang, Q; Huang, R; Liang, X; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Wang, P; Xu, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " To demonstrate the importance of determining the significance of point and diffuse metal contamination and the related bioavailability of the metals present from abandoned mines a case study has been carried out." | ( Abandoned metal mines and their impact on receiving waters: A case study from Southwest England. Beane, SJ; Comber, SD; Long, P; Rieuwerts, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Modeling toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges to the incorporation of bioavailability and metal speciation in metal exposures." | ( Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of 3 modeling approaches. Feng, J; Gao, Y; Zhu, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "An emerging focus in environmental toxicology is how climate change will alter bioavailability and uptake of contaminants in organisms." | ( Fish pre-acclimation temperature only modestly affects cadmium toxicity in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes. Hevrøy, EM; Olsvik, PA; Rasinger, JD; Søfteland, L; Waagbø, R, 2016) | 0.68 |
| "The leaf litters of tree species, Acacia pycnantha (Ap) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (Cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species Eisenia fetida, in a microcosm." | ( Assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using Eisenia fetida in a microcosm study. Aryal, R; Correll, R; Megharaj, M; Naidu, R; Nirola, R; Venkateswarlu, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In chronic Cd exposure, these antioxidants protect vascular endothelium by increasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability and improving vascular function." | ( Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated with Cadmium Exposure: Beneficial Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin. Apaijit, K; Kukongviriyapan, U; Kukongviriyapan, V, 2016) | 0.67 |
| "It is important to have tools to measure the bioavailability to assess the risks of pollutants because the bioavailability is defined as the portions of pollutants showing the biological effects on living organisms." | ( Use of Tunable Whole-Cell Bioreporters to Assess Bioavailable Cadmium and Remediation Performance in Soils. An, YJ; Chae, Y; Jeong, SW; Kang, Y; Kim, S; Lee, Y; Yoon, Y, 2016) | 0.67 |
| " It was determined that soil washing agents and their washing order were critical to removal efficiencies of metal fractions, metal bioavailability and potential mobility due to different levels of dissolution of residual fractions and inter-transformation of metal fractions." | ( Removal of arsenic and cadmium with sequential soil washing techniques using Na2EDTA, oxalic and phosphoric acid: Optimization conditions, removal effectiveness and ecological risks. Chen, J; Wang, X; Wei, M, 2016) | 0.74 |
| " As an alternative, selection and development of low-Cd rice varieties and hybrids through plant biotechnology and breeding, particularly, by integration of marker-assisted selection (MAS) with traditional breeding, could be a practical and acceptable option that would allow continued rice production in soils with high bioavailability of Cd." | ( The Challenges and Solutions for Cadmium-contaminated Rice in China: A Critical Review. Cheng, H; Hu, Y; Tao, S, ) | 0.41 |
| " As the global climate changes, increasing atmospheric temperatures and contamination of soil by heavy metals co-occur in natural ecosystems, which alters the pH of rhizosphere soil and influences the bioavailability and mobility of metals." | ( Growth under elevated air temperature alters secondary metabolites in Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. Huang, SP; Jia, X; Liu, T; Wang, WK; Yang, MY; Zhao, YH, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this study, we employed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and traditional chemical extraction methods (soil solution, HOAc, EDTA, CaCl₂, and NaOAc) to determine the Cd bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soil with the addition of Pb." | ( A Diffusive Gradient-in-Thin-Film Technique for Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Cd in Soil Contaminated with Cd and Pb. Liu, C; Wang, C; Wang, P; Wang, T; Yao, Y; Yuan, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Biochar derived from various materials has been investigated with regard to its ability to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils, and thus reduce their potential to enter the food chain." | ( The effect of biochar and crop straws on heavy metal bioavailability and plant accumulation in a Cd and Pb polluted soil. Sun, CX; Wang, Q; Xiao, WD; Xu, P; Ye, XZ; Zhang, Q, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The bioavailability of metals in soil is a dynamic process." | ( Sorption and pH determine the long-term partitioning of cadmium in natural soils. Ardestani, MM; van Gestel, CA, 2016) | 0.68 |
| " These results were applied to predict the Cd bioavailability after the addition of colza cake to Cd-contaminated soil." | ( The Combination of DGT Technique and Traditional Chemical Methods for Evaluation of Cadmium Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils with Organic Amendment. Ding, SM; Miao, LZ; Sun, Q; Wang, C; Wang, PF; Yao, Y, 2016) | 0.66 |
| " Natural materials have been used in soil remediation, but few studies have examined the risks (based on the bioavailability of these metals to plants) of using these materials, so the practice remains controversial." | ( Assessment of the Use of Natural Materials for the Remediation of Cadmium Soil Contamination. Berbara, RL; de O Pinto, T; do A Sobrinho, NM; García, AC; Guedes, Jdo N; Tavares, OC, 2016) | 0.67 |
| " Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms." | ( A structural equation model of soil metal bioavailability to earthworms: confronting causal theory and observations using a laboratory exposure to field-contaminated soils. Beaumelle, L; Gimbert, F; Hedde, M; Lamy, I; Vandenbulcke, F; Vile, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The effect of sewage sludge on the mobility and the bioavailability of trace metals in plant-soil systems have aroused wide interested and been widely explored." | ( The effect of municipal sludge compost on the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in a sierozem-wheat system in an arid region northwest of China. Bai, Y; Huang, Y; Liu, Z; Ma, J; Nan, Z; Wang, H; Yang, Y; Zhao, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The order of apparent mobility and potential metal bioavailability for these contaminated street-dust samples is Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni." | ( Heavy-metal contamination and solid-phase fractionation in street dust. Mahdavi, S; Merrikhpour, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The present findings suggest that (1) DGT is a versatile tool for monitoring bioaccumulation of Cd and V in highly dynamic environmental systems and (2) DOC concentration, DOM composition, conductivity, pH, and river discharge influence the bioavailability of Cd and V in estuarine and riverine waters." | ( Assessing cadmium and vanadium accumulation using diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) and phytoplankton in the Churchill River estuary, Manitoba. Guéguen, C; Mangal, V; Shi, YX; Zhu, Y, 2016) | 0.84 |
| "This paper reports the bioavailability of the metals (cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel) in sediment samples collected in seven stations from the São Paulo Estuary, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil." | ( Bioavailability assessment of toxic metals using the technique "acid-volatile sulfide (AVS)-simultaneously extracted metals (SEM)" in marine sediments collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. de Oliva, ST; de Oliveira, OM; Ferreira, SL; Nascimento, RA; Silva, JB, 2015) | 0.67 |
| " Field experiments were conducted over two cultivation seasons to study the effects of steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), limestone (LS), bioorganic fertilizer (BF), and the combination of SS and BF (SSBF) on rice grain yield, Cd, Pb, and Zn and nutrient accumulation in brown rice, bioavailability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil as well as soil properties (pH and catalase), at two acidic paddy fields contaminated with mixed heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn)." | ( Effects of alkaline and bioorganic amendments on cadmium, lead, zinc, and nutrient accumulation in brown rice and grain yield in acidic paddy fields contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals. He, H; Li, WC; Qiu, R; Tam, NF; Yao, A; Ye, Z, 2016) | 0.69 |
| "1 wt% SA), with the decrease of bioavailability of Cd." | ( Immobilization of Cd in river sediments by sodium alginate modified nanoscale zero-valent iron: Impact on enzyme activities and microbial community diversity. Chen, G; Cheng, M; Huang, C; Huang, D; Wan, J; Xu, P; Xue, W; Zeng, G; Zhang, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This enrichment poses a high risk due to the relatively high mobility and bioavailability of Cd despite measured levels below sediment-quality guidelines at most stations." | ( Geochemical source, deposition, and environmental risk assessment of cadmium in surface and core sediments from the Bohai Sea, China. Aimei, Z; Hui, Z; Jihua, L; Ningjing, H; Peng, H; Xiaojing, W; Xuefa, S, 2017) | 0.69 |
| "While biochar can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in acidic soils and reduce their risk of entering the food chain, conditions for alkaline soils such as loess soils with high pH values, high carbonate content and low organic matter content remain unclear." | ( Effects of biochars derived from chicken manure and rape straw on speciation and phytoavailability of Cd to maize in artificially contaminated loess soil. Li, Y; Ma, F; Wang, L; Xu, R; Zhao, B, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The increasing acidification of arable soil as a result of excessive fertilisation and over-nitrification can enhance the bioavailability of toxic elements to laying females and their eggs." | ( Effect of spatial resolution of soil data on predictions of eggshell trace element levels in the Rook Corvus frugilegus. Dobicki, W; Kasprzykowski, Z; Mazgajski, TD; Orłowski, G; Pokorny, P; Polechoński, R; Siebielec, G; Wuczyński, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Enhanced phytoextraction uses soil chelators to increase the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Impact of chelator-induced phytoextraction of cadmium on yield and ionic uptake of maize. Anwar, S; Ashraf, MY; Fahad, S; Khan, S; Liu, L; Noman, A; Ullah, S; Zafar, S, 2017) | 0.71 |
| " The strains were characterized for their production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, their effects on soil metal(loid) bioavailability and organic matter content, and their effects on the edible tissue growth and metal(loid) accumulation of Chinese cabbage and radish in the metal(loid)-contaminated soil." | ( Isolation of As-tolerant bacteria and their potentials of reducing As and Cd accumulation of edible tissues of vegetables in metal(loid)-contaminated soils. He, L; Nie, Z; Sheng, X; Wang, Q; Wang, X, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Furthermore, the bioavailability of As, Cd, and lead (Pb) in mice after 20-day oral ingestion of Crassostrea rivularis was investigated, and the total rate of absorption of toxic elements in samples from the liver and kidney tissues and blood was determined." | ( Distribution of As, Cd, and Pb in seafood in Southern China and their oral bioavailability in mice. Tang, WY; Tong, YP; Wu, ZB; Wu, ZX; Zhu, ZP, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " These findings suggested important evidence that the co-existence of PFASs and Cd reduced the bioavailability of PFASs while enhanced the bioavailability of Cd in soil, which increased the associated environmental risk for Cd but decreased for PFASs." | ( Interaction effects on uptake and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) from co-contaminated soil. Fan, Z; Liu, L; Sun, L; Xing, Y; Zhao, S; Zhou, T, 2017) | 0.68 |
| " The characteristics of MGJ11 suggest that it could be used for promoting soybean growth and lowering bioavailability of soil Cd for soybean root." | ( An indoleacetic acid-producing Ochrobactrum sp. MGJ11 counteracts cadmium effect on soybean by promoting plant growth. Chen, Q; Cui, Y; Gu, Y; Li, Y; Liu, R; Xiang, Q; Xu, K; Yu, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, K, 2017) | 0.69 |
| " The stabilizers could lower the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in the contaminated soils, and the amount of the exchangeable forms of the aforementioned two metals were reduced evidently." | ( Immobilization of metals in contaminated soils using natural polymer-based stabilizers. Li, A; Tao, X; Yang, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, these indexes increased with the percentage composition of the nonresidual fractions, indicating that the distribution of Cd chemical fractions is crucial for its bioavailability and biotoxicity." | ( The Daphnia magna role to predict the cadmium toxicity of sediment: Bioaccumlation and biomarker response. Duan, Y; Fan, W; Jiang, Y; Li, X; Liu, Y; Peng, W; Ren, J, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " The results showed that BC application increased the soil pH, decreased the bioavailability of Cd, Cr and Zn, significantly increased the dry biomass of Cassia occidentalis and Machilus pauhoi shoots and slightly increased the root biomass." | ( The Effects of Biochar and Intercropping on the Cd, Cr and Zn Speciation in Soils and Plant Uptake by Machilus pauhoi. Chen, H; Guo, X; Li, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "cloacae TU reduced the bioavailability and moreover the accumulation of Cd in tobacco plants without affecting the quality of flue-cured tobacco." | ( Bioadsorption and biostabilization of cadmium by Enterobacter cloacae TU. He, S; Liu, Y; Lu, D; Xu, C; Zhang, W, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " Overall, the application of chemical amendments could be utilized for decreasing PTE (As and Cd) bioavailability and increasing microbial activity in the soil." | ( Effect of chemical amendments on remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and soil quality improvement in paddy fields. Hong, YK; Kim, DH; Kim, SC; Lee, SP; Oh, SJ; Oh, SM; Yang, JE, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known and widespread toxic heavy metal while the effects of biochar (BC) on Cd bioavailability and toxicity in wheat, especially in soils with aged contamination are largely unknown." | ( Effect of biochar on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. Abbas, F; Abbas, T; Ali, S; Farooq Qayyum, M; Hannan, F; Rinklebe, J; Rizwan, M; Sik Ok, Y; Zia-Ur-Rehman, M, 2017) | 2.22 |
| " Overall, simultaneous measurement of macroelements and trace metals coupled with non-linear analysis provide a new perspective for revealing the underlying mechanism of trace metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation in marine organisms." | ( Oyster-based national mapping of trace metals pollution in the Chinese coastal waters. Ke, CH; Lu, GY; Wang, WX; Zhu, A, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The in situ technique of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), the ex situ static equilibrium approach (HAc, EDTA and CaCl2), and the dissolved concentration in soil solution, as well as microwave digestion, were applied to predict the Cd bioavailability of soil, aiming to provide a robust and accurate method for Cd bioavailability evaluation in Yixing." | ( The Evaluation on the Cadmium Net Concentration for Soil Ecosystems. Hou, J; Miao, LZ; Wang, C; Wang, PF; Yao, Y, 2017) | 0.77 |
| " In this study, biochar with different waste feedstock material were evaluated for their effectiveness on essential trace metals mobility, Cd bioavailability and its accumulation in two contrasting Cd accumulating cultivars of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp." | ( Impact of different feedstocks derived biochar amendment with cadmium low uptake affinity cultivar of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssb. chinensis L.) on phytoavoidation of Cd to reduce potential dietary toxicity. Ali, B; Cui, X; Feng, Y; Joseph Stoffella, P; Yang, X; Yasmin Khan, K, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " In addition, the bioavailability of metals in sediments was also determined by calculating Simultaneous Extracted Metal/Acid Volatle Sulfide (SEM/AVS) ratios to allow an additional assessment of toxicity." | ( Spatiotemporal trend analysis of metal concentrations in sediments of a residential California stream with toxicity and regulatory implications. Anderson, RD; Hall, LW; Killen, WD, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the highway traffic on the total content and bioavailability of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb in nearby soils as well as influence of an acoustic screen on spatial distribution of the metals." | ( Impact of highway traffic and the acoustic screen on the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils. Hardy, A; Jaworska, H; Matuszczak, K; Nowak, J; Różański, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "In this study, the influence of sample matrix on the relative bioavailability of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) was assessed following exposure of C57BL/6 mice to spiked aged (12years) soils." | ( Influence of sample matrix on the bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium and lead during co-contaminant exposure. Herde, P; Juhasz, AL; Ollson, CJ; Smith, E, 2017) | 0.91 |
| " We introduce the daily dosage and absorption rate of flavonoids and then focus on their bioactive effects against Cd-induced toxicity and reveal the underlying metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study of the nutritional prevention of Cd-induced injury." | ( Cytoprotective effects of dietary flavonoids against cadmium-induced toxicity. Bai, W; Jiang, X; Li, X; Liu, L; Sun, J; Tian, L; Zhu, C, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " The present study investigated the effectiveness of Chinese loess on Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb stabilization by decreasing their bioavailability in contaminated sediment." | ( Immobilization of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mine drainage stream sediment using Chinese loess. Chen, Y; Li, Y; Ma, J; Nan, Z; Wang, S; Zang, F; Zhang, Q, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Based on the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) approach used to establish the reference dose (RfD) for Cd contained in food and information about the bioavailability of Cd after dermal exposure, we assessed our own value of dermal RfD." | ( The Health Risk of Cd Released from Low-Cost Jewelry. Audrlická Vavrušová, L; Jarolím, O; Pouzar, M; Zvolská, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " These observations suggest that these strains could be used to promote growth and lower the bioavailability of Cd in switchgrass." | ( Influence of endophytic root bacteria on the growth, cadmium tolerance and uptake of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Afzal, S; Begum, N; Cai, Q; Fang, Z; Lou, L; Zhao, H, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " The ability of Psoralidin (Pso), a non-toxic, orally bioavailable compound to inhibit cadmium-induced autophagy to prevent prostate cancer was investigated." | ( Inhibition of autophagy prevents cadmium-induced prostate carcinogenesis. Alatassi, H; Ankem, MK; Damodaran, C; Das, TP; Freedman, JH; Kolluru, V; Pal, D; Sears, S; Suman, S, 2017) | 0.96 |
| " Soluble synthetic P fertilizer (diammonium phosphate; DAP) and reactive (Sechura; SPR) and unreactive (Christmas Island; CPR) natural phosphate rocks (PR) were tested for Cd, Pb and Zn immobilization and later their mobility and bioavailability in a shooting range soil." | ( Potential value of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of mixed heavy metal contaminants in shooting range soil. Bolan, NS; Choppala, G; Currie, LD; Kim, G; Kunhikrishnan, A; Ok, YS; Sanderson, P; Seshadri, B; Tsang, DCW; Wang, H, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The bioavailability of some of the on-column formed CA-Cd complexes explains the previously reported increased accumulation of Cd in periphyton in the ecosystem downstream of wastewater treatment plants." | ( Environmentally relevant concentrations of aminopolycarboxylate chelating agents mobilize Cd from humic acid. Bellavie, AR; Gailer, J; North, AE; Sarpong-Kumankomah, S; White, WM, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Using both acetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to extracted the fractions of Cd in sediments, and used DGT to evaluate the bioavailability of Cd." | ( A scheme to scientifically and accurately assess cadmium pollution of river sediments, through consideration of bioavailability when assessing ecological risk. Shan, B; Song, Z; Tang, W, 2017) | 0.71 |
| " In conclusion, the data clearly demonstrated that biochar application can be effectively used for Cd, Pb, and Zn immobilization, thereby reducing their bioavailability and phytotoxicity." | ( Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility and (bio)availability in contaminated soils from a former smelting site amended with biochar. Bourgerie, S; Gauthier, A; Hattab-Hambli, N; Lebrun, M; Lomaglio, T; Miard, F; Morabito, D; Motelica-Heino, M; Nandillon, R; Scippa, GS; Trupiano, D, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The importance of determining bioavailability towards human health risk assessment was emphasized by the need to estimate daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines." | ( Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. Bolan, NS; Bolan, S; Choppala, G; Kirkham, MB; Kunhikrishnan, A; Li, CG; Li, F; Naidu, R; Noller, B; Ok, YS; Seshadri, B; Zhang, M, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Specifically, As accumulated in macroalgae but not in invertebrates, indicating bioavailability of dissolved As only, and a lack of effective trophic transfer." | ( Element-specific behaviour and sediment properties modulate transfer and bioaccumulation of trace elements in a highly-contaminated area (Augusta Bay, Central Mediterranean Sea). Di Leonardo, R; Mazzola, A; Signa, G; Vizzini, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioavailability of trace metals (Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, Arsenic, and Mercury) in the commercially consumed Crassostrea gigas oysters collected over a 12-month growth period (2011-12) from an experimental cultivation farm in La Pitahaya, Sinaloa State, Mexico." | ( Bioaccumulation of trace metals in farmed pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas from SW Gulf of California coast, Mexico. Campos Villegas, LE; Escobedo-Urías, DC; Góngora-Gómez, AM; Jonathan, MP; Luna Varela, RG; Muñoz-Sevilla, NP; Rodríguez-Espinosa, PF; Sujitha, SB, 2017) | 0.67 |
| " The mechanism behind the reduced Cd bioavailability is attributed to the Cd adsorption and the strong buffering capacity of acidity by RS400." | ( Effect of culturing temperatures on cadmium phytotoxicity alleviation by biochar. Chen, B; Chen, M; Han, L; Qian, L; Su, A; Yan, J; Zhang, W, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " Women are highly vulnerable to Cd because of their relatively higher absorption rate than men." | ( Maternal cadmium exposure and impact on foetal gene expression through methylation changes. Dharmadasa, P; Kim, N; Thunders, M, 2017) | 0.87 |
| " This study examined the effects of N form on Cd bioavailability and phytoextraction in two soils differing in pH." | ( Ammonium-based fertilizers enhance Cd accumulation in Carpobrotus rossii grown in two soils differing in pH. Cheng, M; Tang, C; Wang, A, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "To determine the effectiveness of mineral dietary supplements to modulate cadmium (Cd) exposure, an in vivo mouse bioassay was conducted to determine Cd relative bioavailability (Cd-RBA) in Cd-contaminated rice (0." | ( Mineral Dietary Supplement To Decrease Cadmium Relative Bioavailability in Rice Based on a Mouse Bioassay. Huang, L; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Luo, J; Luo, XS; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D, 2017) | 0.96 |
| "There is no universally accepted method for evaluating cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in soil." | ( Comparison of DGT with traditional methods for assessing cadmium bioavailability to Brassica chinensis in different soils. Dai, Y; Guo, H; Lv, J; Nasir, M; Wu, H; Zhang, Y, 2017) | 0.95 |
| "Five sediment cores (S1-S5) were collected from the Shima River to determine the bioavailability of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) using the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) procedure." | ( Bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in sediment cores from the Shima River, South China. Chen, J; Gao, L; Li, S; Wang, Z, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "In this study, selected heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn) in the lake water and sediments from the Caohai wetland, which is a valuable state reserve for migrant birds in China, were investigated to assess the spatial distribution, sources, bioavailability and ecological risks." | ( Assessment of the distribution, bioavailability and ecological risks of heavy metals in the lake water and surface sediments of the Caohai plateau wetland, China. Hu, J; Qu, K; Wu, P; Zhou, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " In this study, the impacts of zero valent iron (ZVI) and/or biochar amendments on Cd and As bioavailability were examined in pot trials with rice." | ( Simultaneous alleviation of cadmium and arsenic accumulation in rice by applying zero-valent iron and biochar to contaminated paddy soils. Cui, JH; Li, FB; Liu, CP; Liu, TX; Lv, YH; Qiao, JT; Wang, XQ; Yuan, YZ; Zeng, XD, 2018) | 0.77 |
| "The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cadmium (Cd) concentration in the soil on its uptake by tobacco plants, and to compare the ability of diverse extraction procedures for determining Cd bioavailability and predicting soil-to-plant transfer and Cd plant concentrations." | ( Estimation of Cadmium uptake by tobacco plants from laboratory leaching tests. Jović, MD; Marković, JP; Onjia, AE; Popović, AR; Šljivić-Ivanović, MZ; Smičiklas, ID; Smiljanić, SN, 2018) | 1.08 |
| "The adsorption behaviour of metals deposited on road surfaces undergo changes during dry weather periods, with the bioavailability varying compared to the original species, prior to incorporation in stormwater runoff." | ( Role of residence time on the transformation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd attached to road dust in different land uses. Ayoko, GA; Egodawatta, P; Goonetilleke, A; Jayarathne, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " (pak choi), to investigate the effect of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), and the health of soil microbiota in a contaminated soil." | ( Impact of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar on heavy metal availability and microbial activity: A field study. Niazi, NK; Nie, C; Ok, YS; Rinklebe, J; Wang, H; Wen, Y; Xu, S; Xu, X; Yang, X, 2018) | 0.7 |
| " In turn, these effects influenced Cd bioavailability in rice plants." | ( Effects of continuous fertilization on bioavailability and fractionation of cadmium in soil and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Huang, Q; Li, H; Luo, Z; Qiao, Y; Su, D; Wan, Y; Wang, Q; Yu, Y, 2018) | 0.71 |
| " FM-1 in contaminated soil can increased cadmium bioavailability in soil." | ( Improvement of cadmium phytoremediation by Centella asiatica L. after soil inoculation with cadmium-resistant Enterobacter sp. FM-1. Chen, C; Li, Y; Liu, K; Wang, Y; Ye, P; Yu, F; Zhou, Z, 2018) | 1.1 |
| "A bench scale study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of in situ amendments to reduce the bioavailability of pollutants in sediments from a site impacted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cadmium." | ( Enhanced biochars can match activated carbon performance in sediments with high native bioavailability and low final porewater PCB concentrations. Ghosh, U; Gomez-Eyles, JL, 2018) | 0.66 |
| " We here present a novel approach to modulate the selectivity and sensitivity of microbial whole-cell bioreporters (WCBs) for sensing metal(loid)s via the znt-operon from Escherichia coli, which were applied to quantify the bioavailability of these contaminants in environmental samples." | ( Modulating the sensing properties of Escherichia coli-based bioreporters for cadmium and mercury. Jang, G; Kang, Y; Kim, BG; Lee, W; Yoon, Y, 2018) | 0.71 |
| "In this study, the accurate effectiveness of CaO in mitigating Cd bioavailability in paddy soil-rice system was investigated and moreover, the potential for reversibility of CaO liming process was provided." | ( Effectiveness and potential risk of CaO application in Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Du, Y; Ji, X; Peng, B; Saha, UK; Tan, C; Wang, X; Wu, J; Xie, W; Xie, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Slow plant growth, low biomass, and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil are important factors that limit remediation efficiencies." | ( Improvement of the phytoremediation efficiency of Neyraudia reynaudiana for lead-zinc mine-contaminated soil under the interactive effect of earthworms and EDTA. Cai, L; Li, Y; Luo, J; Ma, X; Xia, L; Yu, J; Zhou, C, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Therefore, MLP were able both to detoxify lead ions and to improve their bioavailability in Brassica species." | ( Molasses melanoidin-like products enhance phytoextraction of lead through three Brassica species. Hatano, KI; Yamatsu, T, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Therefore, we suggest that the permitted level of F should be confined within soil quality standards for farmland of China in order to upset the effect of high F concentration on bioavailability of soil Cd." | ( Accumulation, interaction and fractionation of fluoride and cadmium in sierozem and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in northwest China. Bao, L; Huang, W; Li, Y; Nan, Z; Sun, H; Wang, S; Zang, F; Zhang, Q, 2018) | 0.72 |
| " The present study investigated the potential effects of different organic amendments on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in mining-degraded soil and its subsequent bioaccumulation in tomato and cucumber." | ( The influence of various organic amendments on the bioavailability and plant uptake of cadmium present in mine-degraded soil. Brusseau, ML; Ding, X; Khan, A; Khan, MA; Khan, S; Nawab, J, 2018) | 0.93 |
| "The bioavailability and bioaccessibility of heavy metals mainly depend on their speciation in soils; however, the relationship between bioaccessibility and its speciation as determined as fractionation remains to be better characterized." | ( Relationship of bioaccessibility and fractionation of cadmium in long-term spiked soils for health risk assessment based on four in vitro gastrointestinal simulation models. Ng, JC; Shan, B; Tang, W; Xia, Q, 2018) | 0.73 |
| " When it is accounted for in models of bioavailability of soil metals, the number of partial differential equations (PDEs) increases and the computation time to numerically solve these equations may be problematic when a large number of simulations are required, for example for sensitivity analyses or when considering root architecture." | ( Comparison between numeric and approximate analytic solutions for the prediction of soil metal uptake by roots. Example of cadmium. Lin, Z; Nguyen, C; Schneider, A; Sterckeman, T, 2018) | 0.69 |
| "The kinetics of Cd(ii) adsorption/desorption on ferrihydrite is an important process affecting the fate, transport, and bioavailability of Cd(ii) in the environment, which was rarely systematically studied and understood at quantitative levels." | ( Kinetics of Cd(ii) adsorption and desorption on ferrihydrite: experiments and modeling. Cheng, T; Dang, Z; Liang, Y; Lin, J; Lu, Y; Peng, L; Shi, Z; Tian, L; Wang, P, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Salinity affects the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soils and Cd accumulation in plants, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear." | ( Sodium chloride decreases cadmium accumulation and changes the response of metabolites to cadmium stress in the halophyte Carpobrotus rossii. Cheng, M; Gendall, AR; Liu, Z; Rochfort, S; Tang, C; Wang, A, 2018) | 1.05 |
| "Cadmium accumulation in rice grains is highly dependent on its bioavailability that affected by various physicochemical properties and microbiological processes of soil." | ( Cultivar-specific response of bacterial community to cadmium contamination in the rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chen, W; Gao, X; Ge, J; Hou, D; Lin, Z; Liu, T; Lu, L; Tian, S; Wang, K; Wang, R; Wei, S; Xie, R; Yang, X, 2018) | 2.17 |
| "Estimating the bioavailability and predicting the uptake of metals to hyperaccumulators is very important in developing the field application of phytoextraction." | ( Estimating cadmium availability to the hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola in a wide range of soil types using a piecewise function. Christie, P; Hou, J; Jiang, J; Li, Z; Luo, Y; Wang, Z; Wu, L; Zhou, J; Zhou, T; Zhu, D, 2018) | 0.87 |
| " A pot study was conducted to determine the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB), farmyard manure (FYM), and lignite (LT) either alone or in combination on crop growth, Cd bioavailability and health risk assessment." | ( Alleviation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity and minimizing its uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by using organic carbon sources in Cd-spiked soil. Ali, S; Hafeez, F; Hussain, A; Rehman, MZU; Rizwan, M; Saqib, M; Shafiq, M; Sohail, MI, 2018) | 0.83 |
| "Multiple contaminants can affect plant-microbial remediation processes because of their interactive effects on environmental behaviour, bioavailability and plant growth." | ( Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth, nutrient and metal uptake by maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) grown in soils spiked with Lanthanum and Cadmium. Chang, Q; Dang, ZH; Diao, FW; Guo, W; Pan, L; Wang, QF, 2018) | 0.68 |
| " And the threat of heavy metal along with bioavailability of Cd was depressed." | ( The effect of several activated biochars on Cd immobilization and microbial community composition during in-situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated sediment. Jiang, LH; Li, MF; Liu, SB; Liu, SJ; Liu, YG; Tan, XF; Wen, J; Yin, ZH; Zeng, GM; Zhou, YH, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "This study assessed the effectiveness of limestone-montmorillonite-rapeseed residue-Si fertilizer compound amendment on the bioavailability and crop uptake of cadmium (Cd) and enzyme activities in acidic paddy soils." | ( Impacts of a Compound Amendment on Cd Immobilization, Enzyme Activities and Crop Uptake in Acidic Cd-Contaminated Paddy Soils. Cheng, W; Du, D; Fu, Z; Guo, Z; Lei, P; Shan, S; Wu, L; Wu, M; Wu, S, 2018) | 0.68 |
| " Nevertheless, in soils polluted by potentially toxic metal(loid)s, this agricultural practice may significantly affect the mobility and bioavailability of pollutants modifying the risks for biota and human health." | ( Impact of waste-derived organic and inorganic amendments on the mobility and bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium in alkaline and acid soils. Adamo, P; Bolan, NS; Mbene, K; Naidu, R; Rocco, C; Seshadri, B, 2018) | 0.69 |
| "Using selected sepiolite (SEP) and biochar (BC) as contrasts, we investigated the effects of a new cross-linked modified chitin (CC) on the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soils, the yield of rice, and the absorption and accumulation of Pb and Cd in different parts of rice plants in a field environment." | ( [Comparative Analysis of Different Soil Amendment Treatments on Rice Heavy Metal Accumulation and Yield Effect in Pb and Cd Contaminated Farmland]. Chen, JD; Hu, XF; Liang, L; Tian, ZQ; Wang, SK; Zhang, ZM; Zhu, XM, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Straw incorporation is widely performed in Cd-contaminated paddy fields, which may significantly affect the bioavailability of Cd in soil and the distribution of Cd in rice plants, consequently altering Cd accumulation in rice grains." | ( [Effects of Straw Incorporation on Cadmium Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution in Rice]. Cen, K; Cheng, WD; Duan, GL; Liu, YC; Wang, BX; Wang, F; Zhang, HM, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " A porcine digestion in vitro model was chosen to more accurately simulate the bioavailability of different Se-Y preparations, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the bio efficiency of each Se-Y compound in the porcine model." | ( Selenised yeast sources differ in their capacity to protect porcine jejunal epithelial cells from cadmium-induced toxicity and oxidised DNA damage. Horgan, K; Lynch, S; Walls, D; White, B, 2018) | 0.7 |
| "Metal bioavailability at root plasma membrane surfaces and chemical forms within cells putatively controls the trophic transfer processes." | ( Leaf aging effects on copper and cadmium transfer along the lettuce-snail food chain. Ding, YC; Uchimiya, M; Wang, YM; Xiong, YT; Yuan, XY; Zhang, H; Zhang, XH; Zhao, S; Zhu, Q, 2018) | 0.76 |
| "To investigate the bioavailability of heavy metal cadmium on planktonic algae under the condition of containing linolenic acid." | ( [Effect of linolenic acid on bioavailability of cadmium in eutrophic water]. Chen, B; Shi, M; Yan, H; Zhang, T, 2018) | 0.99 |
| " In a mesocosm study, we investigated the effects of the abundance and composition of DOM on the potential bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) caused by eutrophication, using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy integrated with tangential flow ultrafiltration technology." | ( Effects of elevated production of autochthonous dissolved organic matter on the freely dissolved concentration of cadmium. Dong, Q; Huang, Q; Li, P; Wang, F; Xiao, Y, 2018) | 0.9 |
| " The high bioavailability of Cd and poor bioavailability of Co and Cr in the sediments were demonstrated by the single extraction procedure." | ( Contamination and ecological risks of toxic metals in the Hai River, China. Cao, Y; Lei, K; Lin, C; Xu, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, X, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "This study aimed to investigate the effect of dissolved humic acid (dHA) on Zn bioavailability and the subsequent influence on the Zn-induced thyroid toxicity." | ( Influences of dissolved humic acid on Zn bioavailability and its consequences for thyroid toxicity. Ai, Y; Li, J; Liu, Y; Teng, Y; Yang, J; Zuo, R, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " There is evidence that adding clovers to a crop solubilizes soil Cd, increasing the bioavailability of Cd." | ( Cadmium Uptake by Ryegrass and Ryegrass-Clover Mixtures under Different Liming Rates. Benyas, E; Owens, J; Robinson, B; Seyedalikhani, S, 2018) | 1.92 |
| "It is well known that alkaline amendments could effectively decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils." | ( Availability and vertical distribution of Cu, Cd, Ca, and P in soil as influenced by lime and apatite with different dosages: a 7-year field study. Cui, H; Xu, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " While water chemistry is an important factor regulating the metal bioavailability in phytoplankton, the physiological adaptation of the algae cells may also change their intrinsic response to metals." | ( Salinity-dependent nanostructures and composition of cell surface and its relation to Cd toxicity in an estuarine diatom. Duan, D; Ma, J; Pan, K; Zhou, B, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Chelates added on 25th d and 25/35th d after sowing, enhanced cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability in soil due to complexation." | ( EDTA and organic acids assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from a smelter contaminated soil by potherb mustard (Brassica juncea, Coss) and evaluation of its bioindicators. Ali, A; Du, J; Guo, D; Lahori, AH; Li, R; Ren, C; Xiao, R; Zhang, Z, 2019) | 0.75 |
| " When the EPS was collected after cultivation of no crop (control), mung bean, lettuce, and rice, we found that its water absorption rate significantly (p < 0." | ( Crop-dependent changes in water absorption of expanded polystyrene in soil environments. An, YJ; Chae, Y; Kim, D; Kim, SW, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Mercury (Hg) bioavailability to microbes is a key step to toxic Hg biomagnification in food webs." | ( An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium. Gaudet, J; Poulain, AJ; Stenzler, BR, 2018) | 0.72 |
| " These data show that these strains can effectively reduce the bioavailability and mobility of Cd in contaminated soils." | ( Study on the Remediation of Cd Pollution by the Biomineralization of Urease-Producing Bacteria. Huang, J; Sun, Y; Tang, D; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhao, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Single extraction procedures (SEPs) have been extensively conducted to determine Cd bioavailability (Cd-Bav) in soils." | ( Using cadmium bioavailability to simultaneously predict its accumulation in crop grains and the bioaccessibility in soils. Liu, B; Mo, CH; Zhang, Y, 2019) | 0.99 |
| " Long-term (240 d) lab incubation experiments were utilized to explain wheat straw-derived biochar effects on Cd sorption and decreasing Cd bioavailability in soils and solutions (0, 5, and 15% biochar as wt:wt or wt:vol, respectively), and to identify Cd forms present using both the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) chemical sequential extraction procedure and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)." | ( Wheat straw biochar reduces environmental cadmium bioavailability. Cui, L; Ippolito, JA; Noerpel, MR; Scheckel, KG, 2019) | 0.78 |
| "Biochar can be widely used to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil because of its adsorption capacity." | ( The effect of two different biochars on remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and Cd uptake by Lolium perenne. Bao, W; Jia, Z; Li, L; Li, X; Li, Y; Ma, H; Tan, H; Xu, F; Xu, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "A combination of an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and an in vivo mouse model was used to determine Cd oral bioaccessibility and estimate bioavailability in Cd-contaminated rice." | ( In Vitro and In Vivo Testing to Determine Cd Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability in Contaminated Rice in Relation to Mouse Chow. Li, Z; Sun, S; Zhou, X; Zhuang, P, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Therefore, combination amendments, such as HTB, which can reduce the bioavailability of both Cd and Pb and increase soil microbial activity, are recommended for practical applications." | ( Effects of Passivating Agents on the Availability of Cd and Pb and Microbial Community Function in a Contaminated Acidic Soil. Ding, A; Zhang, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Bioaccumulation and exposure to these elements have been associated with different types of diseases and cancer, thus looking for alternatives that decrease their bioavailability in the environment is crucial." | ( Metal and metalloid immobilization by microbiologically induced carbonates precipitation. Brandão, PFB; Castillo, E; Tamayo-Figueroa, DP, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "This study was conducted to determine the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) and Fe-coated rice husk ash (Fe-RHA) on the bioavailability and mobility of As, Cd, and Mn in mine tailings." | ( Bioavailability and mobility of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese in gold mine tailings amended with rice husk ash and Fe-coated rice husk ash. Aris, AZ; Jamilu, G; Karam, DS; Samsuri, AW; Tariq, FS, 2019) | 0.78 |
| " This Cd inhibition is possibly accomplished by the decrease of pH reducing the bioavailability of Cd in the rhizosphere." | ( Reduction of cadmium toxicity in wheat through plasma technology. Das, U; Kabir, AH; Rahman, MM; Reza, MA; Roy, NC; Sarkar, U; Talukder, MR; Uddin, MA, 2019) | 0.88 |
| "Cd has high activity and bioavailability and is a poisonous element to plants." | ( The alleviation effect of iron on cadmium phytotoxicity in mangrove A. marina. Alleviation effect of iron on cadmium phytotoxicity in mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Chongling, Y; Daolin, D; Haoliang, L; Jian, L; Jingchun, L, 2019) | 0.79 |
| " We question if Cd in wood ash represents a problem, since decreases in Cd bioavailability due to ash-induced pH changes may counteract increased total Cd concentration." | ( Wood ash effects on growth and cadmium uptake in Deschampsia flexuosa (Wavy hair-grass). Christensen, S; Ekelund, F; Hovmand, M; Johansen, JL; Kindtler, NL; Kjøller, R; Rønn, R; Vestergård, M, 2019) | 0.8 |
| " To address this current deficit in military health care, it is recommended that efficacious, nontoxic, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative agents such as highly bioavailable magnesium, nutritional lithium, zinc, selenium, boron, ascorbate, tocopherols, heavy metal chelators, and glutathione precursors such as N-acetyl-cysteine be immediately used as a "protective shield" and to support critical healing processes in the brain and nervous system." | ( Neurotoxicity Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury, Blast, Chemical, Heavy Metal and Quinoline Drug Exposure. Colvin, KL; Dardia, GP; Macrellis, J; Marshall, TM; Nevin, R, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Heavy metals are rich in seleniferous areas; however, the bioaccumulation and health risk of heavy metals are poorly understood, given the fact that selenium (Se) can inhibit the phytotoxicity and bioavailability of many heavy metals." | ( Bioaccumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Soil-Rice System in a Typical Seleniferous Area in Central China. Chang, C; Yao, L; Yin, R; Zhang, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| ") (T5), and green manure + metal-solubilizing bacteria (T6), on solubility and bioavailability of Zn, Cd, and Pb." | ( Enhancing the effectiveness of zinc, cadmium, and lead phytoextraction in polluted soils by using amendments and microorganisms. Annapurna, K; Bandyopadhyay, K; Datta, SP; Dwivedi, BS; Golui, D; Meena, MC; Mishra, R, 2019) | 0.79 |
| " Biochar is frequently reported to deactivate Cd in soils and reduce Cd accumulation in rice plants, but few studies have addressed whether and how biochar affected the microbial communities in rice rhizosphere, which was an important factor determining the metal bioavailability and plant growth." | ( Biochar significantly alters rhizobacterial communities and reduces Cd concentration in rice grains grown on Cd-contaminated soils. Chang, X; Ge, J; Hou, D; Jia, P; Lin, Z; Liu, T; Lu, L; Qiao, Y; Tian, S; Wang, R; Wei, S; Xie, R, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " orientalis biochar and pig biochar application on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and on plant physiological parameters (malondialdehyde, proline and soluble sugars)." | ( Effect of biochars on the bioavailability of cadmium and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Brassica chinensis L. in contaminated soils. Che, L; Chen, H; Gielen, G; Guo, J; Mandal, S; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Wang, H; Xu, S; Yang, X, 2019) | 1 |
| "Biochar has emerged as a useful tool to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils." | ( Using sequential extraction and DGT techniques to assess the efficacy of plant- and manure-derived hydrochar and pyrochar for alleviating the bioavailability of Cd in soils. Gao, B; Han, L; Jin, J; Li, F; Sun, K; Yang, Y; Zhao, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "To study the effects of vermicomposting on the chemical properties and bioavailability of Cd/Zn in sludge, earthworms (Eisenia foetida) at different densities were inoculated into pure sludge, and sludge and earthworms were collected regularly to determine the earthworm biomass, the main chemical indexes, the structure of the functional groups, and the Cd/Zn content in the sludge." | ( Effects of vermicomposting on the main chemical properties and bioavailability of Cd/Zn in pure sludge. Li, Y; Lv, P; Sugir, ME; Wang, L; Yu, Z; Yuan, L; Zhang, J; Zhou, D; Zhou, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Prediction of heavy metal bioavailability in intact soil is important to manage soil pollution risks." | ( Model construction for estimating potential vulnerability of Japanese soils to cadmium pollution based on intact soil properties. Fujii, Y; Hayashi, TI; Iwasaki, Y; Kamitani, T; Kamo, M; Nakamori, T; Ono, K; Yasutaka, T, 2019) | 0.74 |
| "The robustness of in vitro bioaccessibility assays to predict oral relative bioavailability (RBA) of multiple metals in contaminated soils requires validation using additional soil samples." | ( As, Cd, and Pb relative bioavailability in contaminated soils: Coupling mouse bioassay with UBM assay. Chen, XQ; Li, HB; Li, LZ; Li, MY; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Tu, C; Wang, JY; Zhu, X, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The effects of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on the bioavailability of multiple heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in river sediments were investigated by co-composting with the agricultural waste." | ( Changes of heavy metal fractions during co-composting of agricultural waste and river sediment with inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chen, Y; Li, H; Li, Y; Wang, S; Wu, Y; Xu, R; Zeng, Z; Zhang, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A pot experiment was conducted to examine the efficiency of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse induced biochar on Cd mobility in soil and its bioavailability to spinach in contaminated soil." | ( Comparative efficiency of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse biochar reduces the cadmium bioavailability to spinach and enhances the microbial activity in contaminated soil. Asghar, RMA; Azeem, M; Aziz, I; Bashir, S; Gulshan, AB; Iqbal, J; Rehman, M; Rukh, S; Salam, A; Yousaf, M, 2019) | 0.74 |
| ") cultivation pot experiment to investigate the effect of MA on Cd accumulation in winter wheat and Cd bioavailability in alkaline soil." | ( Inhibition of Cd accumulation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in alkaline soil using mercapto-modified attapulgite. He, L; Huang, Q; Li, N; Liang, X; Xie, Z; Xu, Y; Yang, F, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The bioavailability of metals from this artificial food may, however, be much higher than from more field relevant food sources." | ( Effects of Cadmium Bioavailability in Food on Its Distribution in Different Tissues in the Ground Beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. Bednarska, AJ; Labecka, AM; Świątek, ZM, 2019) | 0.9 |
| "The bioavailability of metals can be influenced not only by soil properties but also by other species living at polluted sites." | ( The effect of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus on the bioavailability of cadmium and lead to the springtail Folsomia candida in metal-polluted field soils. Ardestani, MM; Giska, I; van Gestel, CAM, 2019) | 0.75 |
| " In the study area, Cd exhibits certain characteristics, such as wide variations in the proportion of its exchangeable form and the highest mobility factor and geo-accumulation index, which are indicative of its high bioavailability and environmental risk." | ( Cd, Cu, and Zn Accumulations Caused by Long-Term Fertilization in Greenhouse Soils and Their Potential Risk Assessment. Chen, Y; Islam, MS; Li, Y; Liao, Z; Ma, J; Weng, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The ingestion of soil or dust is a significant route of human exposure to potential harmful elements (PHE), and assays of bioaccessibility or bioavailability can be used to measure the potential hazard posed by exposure to toxic substances." | ( Human intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro assay to evaluate the absorption of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn from urban environmental matrices. Alleoni, LRF; Boim, AGF; Canniatti-Brazaca, SG; Wragg, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In addition to the classic approach based on solution studies, solid state properties have been recently proposed as supporting tools to understand the bioavailability of the involved metal." | ( Modeling Solid State Stability for Speciation: A Ten-Year Long Study. Buiarelli, F; Carcassi, E; Gullifa, G; Materazzi, S; Risoluti, R; Wo, LW, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " During the past decades, various animal bioassays have been developed to determine the relative bioavailability (RBA) of As, Pb, and Cd in contaminated soils, dust, and foods, which vary in operational approaches." | ( Oral Bioavailability of As, Pb, and Cd in Contaminated Soils, Dust, and Foods based on Animal Bioassays: A Review. Basta, NT; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, SW; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Biochar has potential to control the bioavailability and migration of potentially toxic heavy metals in soil by adsorption." | ( A comparative study on biochar properties and Cd adsorption behavior under effects of ageing processes of leaching, acidification and oxidation. Chang, R; Chen, J; Jing, F; Liu, Y; Sohi, SP, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Adoption of transgenic techniques for development of rice cultivars with low accumulation in edible plant parts could be a realistic option that would permit rice cultivation in soils with high bioavailability of these metal(loid)s." | ( Metal(loid)s (As, Hg, Se, Pb and Cd) in paddy soil: Bioavailability and potential risk to human health. Bhaduri, D; Chatterjee, D; Khanam, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, U; Mohanty, S; Nayak, AK; Panneerselvam, P; Pathak, H; Satapathy, BS; Shahid, M; Tripathi, R; Vijayakumar, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In this study, a rhizobag pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of HAP (<60 nm, <12 μm and <80 μm) on bioavailability of Cd to celery grown in acidic and slightly Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium to celery (Apium graveolens L.) grown in acidic and Cd-contaminated greenhouse soil as affected by the application of hydroxyapatite with different particle sizes. Huang, B; Liu, B; Lu, F; Lu, Y; Wu, X; Yang, L; You, W, 2020) | 0.89 |
| " The alteration of them indicated that earthworms could reduce the toxicity and bioavailability of Cd in polluted soil ecosystems through different pathways." | ( Transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in response to cadmium exposure. Chai, L; Wang, H; Yang, H; Yang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.78 |
| " For humans, the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) assesses oral bioaccessibility, while for soil fauna such as land snails, the bioaccumulation test reflects the bioavailability of contaminants." | ( Bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils to humans and their bioavailability to snails: A way to associate human health and ecotoxicological risk assessment? de Vaufleury, A; Douay, F; Gimbert, F; Louzon, M; Morin-Crini, N; Pauget, B; Pelfrêne, A, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In summary, these results indicated that soil minerals facilitated Cd sequestration by biochar, which reduced Cd bioavailability and improved the recalcitrance of this soil amendment." | ( Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil with biochar simultaneously improves biochar's recalcitrance. Chen, J; Qiu, Z; Tang, J; Zhang, Q, 2020) | 0.91 |
| " Field experiments were conducted to explore the impacts of ten silicon (Si) rich amendments on Cd bioavailability and accumulation by maize and wheat irrigated with sewage effluents." | ( Efficiency of various silicon rich amendments on growth and cadmium accumulation in field grown cereals and health risk assessment. Ali, S; Anayat, A; Anwar Ul Haq, M; Rizwan, M; Sohail, MI; Waris, AA; Yousaf, B; Zia Ur Rehman, M, 2020) | 0.8 |
| " However, there is a dearth of information on the effect of rutin on the cadmium bioavailability in the brain of rats exposed to cadmium." | ( Rutin restores neurobehavioral deficits via alterations in cadmium bioavailability in the brain of rats exposed to cadmium. Adebayo, AA; Ademosun, AO; Oboh, G; Olowokere, OG, 2020) | 1.03 |
| " The results showed that the exchangeable Cd fraction decreased but the residual Cd fraction increased, indicating the inhibition of bioavailability of Cd and low potential ecological risk index of PMBs." | ( Pyrolysis of various phytoremediation residues for biochars: Chemical forms and environmental risk of Cd in biochar. Chen, S; Chen, Z; Hao, S; Liao, Q; Xu, W; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil." | ( Effects of EDTA and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant growth and heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. Ding, Y; Guo, J; Hua, L; Jia, H; Lv, X; Muhammad, H; Ren, X; Wei, T, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Given the toxicity of trace metals, their concentration, speciation and bioavailability serve to induce various plant detoxification processes, which themselves are specific to several parameters like plant species, tissue type and developmental stage." | ( Myriophyllum alterniflorum biochemical changes during in vitro Cu/Cd metal stress: Focusing on cell detoxifying enzymes. Decou, R; Delmail, D; Labrousse, P, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In this study, the effects of indigenous weed (Setaria pumila), energy plant (Pennisetum sinese), cadmium (Cd)-hyperaccumulator (Sedum plumbizincicola), and copper (Cu)-tolerant plant (Elsholtzia splendens) on the bioavailability and mobility of Cu and Cd in polluted soil were evaluated after phytostabilization aided by limestone (0." | ( Bioavailability and mobility of copper and cadmium in polluted soil after phytostabilization using different plants aided by limestone. Cui, H; Fang, G; Li, H; Yi, Q; Zhang, S; Zhou, J, 2020) | 1.04 |
| " TG addition significantly improved the rice plants growth and reduced the bioavailability of Cd, Pb and As." | ( Simultaneous immobilization of the cadmium, lead and arsenic in paddy soils amended with titanium gypsum. Chen, J; Chen, Z; Dai, Y; Gustave, W; Liu, X; Maguffin, SC; Qiu, D; Tang, X; Xu, J; Yuan, H; Zhai, W; Zhao, W, 2020) | 0.84 |
| " Bioremediation using microbes to remove Cd or reduce the bioavailability of Cd is considered as a promising approach for Cd pollution control." | ( Characterization of a high cadmium accumulating soil bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. WS2. Ba, W; Shi, Z; Wang, S; Xie, B; Yang, M; Yao, Q; Yuan, M; Zhang, Z; Zhao, J, 2020) | 0.86 |
| " Both biochar and Ca-MBC treatments increased soil pH, decreased the bioavailability of cadmium." | ( A novel calcium-based magnetic biochar is effective in stabilization of arsenic and cadmium co-contamination in aerobic soils. Huang, D; Li, Z; Liu, X; Parikh, SJ; Tang, C; Wu, J; Xu, J, 2020) | 1 |
| " The presence of cadmium in food is variable and dependent on the geographical location, the bioavailability of cadmium from the soil, crop genetics, agronomic practices used, and postharvest operations." | ( Cadmium: Mitigation strategies to reduce dietary exposure. Dennis, S; Fitzpatrick, S; Schaefer, HR, 2020) | 2.34 |
| " The restriction in Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni bioavailability was ascribed to the sMFC ability to immobilize trace metals through both biotic and abiotic means." | ( Mitigation effects of the microbial fuel cells on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chen, Z; Feng, WJ; Gustave, W; Li, X; Ren, YX; Shen, H; Yuan, ZF, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Leaching test and sequential extraction procedure were applied to evaluate Cd mobility and bioavailability in soil samples." | ( Geogenic cadmium pollution in multi-medians caused by black shales in Luzhai, Guangxi. Duan, Y; Ji, W; Jiang, H; Liu, X; Qin, J; Wang, L; Wu, T; Yang, Q; Yang, Z; Yu, T; Zhuo, X, 2020) | 0.98 |
| " Taken together, our results demonstrate that the sulfhydryl binding sites on EPS molecules can play an important role in binding and detoxifying toxic metals, significantly decreasing the bioavailability of the metal by sequestering it away from the bacterial cells." | ( Role of bacterial cell surface sulfhydryl sites in cadmium detoxification by Pseudomonas putida. Fein, JB; Mishra, B; Yu, Q, 2020) | 0.81 |
| " These data suggest that the increases of Zn bioavailability as well as the reduction of Cd accumulation in the femur following the changes in ZIP2 and ZnT5 expression are part of the mechanism involved in Zn protection against Cd toxicity on bone tissue." | ( Disruption of Bone Zinc Metabolism during Postnatal Development of Rats after Early Life Exposure to Cadmium. Ben Mimouna, S; Boughammoura, S; Chemek, M; Cohen-Solal, M; Messaoudi, I; Ostertag, A, 2020) | 0.77 |
| " Additionally, its low cost and bioavailability are attractive." | ( Removal of copper(II) ions and lead(II) from aqueous solutions using seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss as bioadsorvent. Costa, WD; Coutinho, HDM; da Costa, JGM; da Cunha, FAB; da Silva Bento, AM; de Araújo, JAS; de Paula Filho, FJ; Menezes, JMC; Pereira Teixeira, RN, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Therefore, a large-scale field survey was conducted in Zhejiang province, southeastern China, to investigate the relationship between Cd accumulation in rice grains and Cd bioavailability in soil, and thus to establish a model to predict Cd contents in rice grains based on soil properties." | ( Evaluation of cadmium (Cd) transfer from paddy soil to rice (Oryza sativa L.) using DGT in comparison with conventional chemical methods: derivation of models to predict Cd accumulation in rice grains. Fang, X; Gao, N; Hu, J; Xiao, W; Ye, X; Zhang, Q; Zhao, S; Zhu, Z, 2020) | 0.92 |
| "Periphyton plays a significant role in heavy metal transfer in wetlands, but its contribution to cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in paddy fields remains largely unexplored." | ( Paddy periphyton reduced cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) by removing and immobilizing cadmium from the water-soil interface. Bai, Y; Dong, Y; Feng, Y; Li, Y; Liu, J; Lu, H; Tang, X; Yang, L, 2020) | 1.08 |
| " The addition of NT-2 loaded biochar could also significantly increase the proportion of residual fraction of Cd and Cu, thus reduce the proportion of exchangeable and carbonate bound species in the soil, which lead to the decreasing of plant and human bioavailability of the metal in the soil indicated by DTPA and simulated human gastric solution extraction (UBM), respectively." | ( Biochar and bacteria inoculated biochar enhanced Cd and Cu immobilization and enzymatic activity in a polluted soil. Guan, F; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Sun, Y; Tu, C; Wei, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Calcium can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of several metals, but soil acidification in cities leads to a decrease in bioavailability of this element." | ( Consequences of trace metal cocktail exposure in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and effect of calcium supplementation. Bleu, J; Boos, A; Del Nero, M; El Masoudi, I; Massemin, S; Ronot, P; Saulnier, A; Zahn, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " However, the inner relation between metal bioavailability to soil organisms and the presence of HA with different molecular weight (Mw) is not well documented." | ( The vital function of humic acid with different molecular weight in controlling Cd and Pb bioavailability and toxicity to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. Bai, H; He, M; Jiang, Z; Luo, M; Wei, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "The impact of iron plaque (IP) on bioavailability of heavy metals to plants has been well documented, but the role of zinc (Zn) in modulating the associated processes remains elusive." | ( Formation of iron plaque on roots of Iris pseudacorus and its consequence for cadmium immobilization is impacted by zinc concentration. Cui, B; Gao, F; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Ma, H; Zhang, X, 2020) | 0.79 |
| "Consumption of rice is a major pathway of cadmium (Cd) exposure to humans with Cd bioavailability from rice being an important determinant of the potential health risk." | ( Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of cadmium in contaminated rice by in vivo and in vitro bioassays. Li, Y; Li, Z; Mao, P; McBride, MB; Sun, S; Xia, H; Zhang, C; Zhou, X; Zhuang, P, 2020) | 1.09 |
| " Increased Cd bioavailability is an acute problem in cacao-based horticulture." | ( Cocoa-laden cadmium threatens human health and cacao economy: A critical view. Chakraborty, S; García, LC; Kakarla, D; Maddela, NR; Megharaj, M; Venkateswarlu, K, 2020) | 0.94 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) uptake by plants or benthic organisms largely depends on its bioavailability in sediments, so it is necessary to understand Cd bioavailability for determining its ecological risks in riverine sediments." | ( Determining cadmium bioavailability in sediment profiles using diffusive gradients in thin films. Han, M; Shan, B; Song, G; Song, Z; Tang, W; Yan, D, 2020) | 2.38 |
| " In three acidic paddy soils slightly to moderately contaminated with Cd, a series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilizer (urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium carbonate, respectively) alone or coupled with a topdressing of manganese (Mn) fertilizer at the tillering stage on reducing Cd bioavailability in soil and uptake in rice." | ( Cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) alleviated by basal alkaline fertilizers followed by topdressing of manganese fertilizer. Chen, Y; Deng, X; Lu, L; Yang, Y; Yuan, X; Zeng, H; Zeng, Q, 2020) | 2 |
| " Taken together, results of this study demonstrate that sufficient supply of S may augment Fe bioavailability and minimize Cd accumulation in rice under hydroponic conditions." | ( Adequate supply of sulfur simultaneously enhances iron uptake and reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grown in hydroponic culture. Ge, Y; Naveed, S; Wu, Z; Zhang, C, 2020) | 0.79 |
| "Previous researches have confirmed that modified nanoscale carbon black (MCB) can decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and accumulation in plant tissues, resulting in the increase of biomass of plant." | ( Effects of modified nanoscale carbon black on plant growth, root cellular morphogenesis, and microbial community in cadmium-contaminated soil. Cheng, J; Li, X; Sun, Z; Yu, Y, 2020) | 0.77 |
| "Reducing Cd bioavailability in the systemic circulation is an alternative strategy to reduce Cd exposure." | ( Use of Dietary Components to Reduce the Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Rice. Li, Y; Li, Z; Sun, S; Xia, H; Zhou, X; Zhuang, P, 2020) | 0.79 |
| "A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combined application of cadmium (Cd)-resistant bacteria (J) and calcium carbonate + sepiolite (G) on both Cd bioavailability in contaminated paddy soil and on Cd accumulation in rice plants." | ( Effects of Cd-resistant bacteria and calcium carbonate + sepiolite on Cd availability in contaminated paddy soil and on Cd accumulation in brown rice grains. Li, J; Li, Q; Liao, BH; Mei, JX; Peng, PQ; Zhang, K; Zhang, P; Zhou, H, 2020) | 0.78 |
| "The study aims to investigate effect of earthworm activity on metal bioavailability in soils using their BSAF-metals." | ( Assessment of earthworm activity on Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn bioavailability in contaminated soils using biota to soil accumulation factor and DTPA extraction. Chen, XF; Dai, J; Li, MH; Liu, K; Motelica-Heino, M; Wu, JL; Xiao, L; Zhang, C; Zhao, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Current mechanism studies in plant heavy metal tolerance do not consider the effects of different phenolic acids on the bioavailability of heavy metals and the comparison with antioxidant enzyme system in the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity." | ( Effects of phenolic acids on free radical scavenging and heavy metal bioavailability in kandelia obovata under cadmium and zinc stress. Chen, S; Lin, R; Liu, J; Lu, H; Wang, Q; Yan, C; Yang, J, 2020) | 0.77 |
| " To understand the potential bioavailability of tetracycline (TC) in soil environments, this study explored the behaviors of TC adsorbing to six types of soils sampled from different regions of China." | ( Factors affecting sorption behaviors of tetracycline to soils: Importance of soil organic carbon, pH and Cd contamination. Chen, Y; Deng, D; Hu, C; Li, Y; Luo, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In this study, isothermal adsorption/desorption experiments and pot experiments were performed and samples were physically characterized to study the effects of different sources of DOM on adsorption and desorption behavior and bioavailability of Cd and Hg in a plant-soil system." | ( Effects of exogenous dissolved organic matter on the adsorption-desorption behaviors and bioavailabilities of Cd and Hg in a plant-soil system. Bi, X; Liu, J; Peng, H; Wang, P; Yu, Q; Zhang, J; Zhu, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| ", and the mechanism on reducing As and Cd bioavailability in soil were also investigated." | ( Simultaneous reduction of arsenic and cadmium bioavailability in agriculture soil and their accumulation in Brassica chinensis L. by using minerals. Dong, Y; He, Y; Jin, X; Lin, H; Luo, M, 2020) | 0.83 |
| " We conclude that although the mapping of soil properties and metal contents is a useful tool when initially visiting an area, further in-depth studies should be conducted; such studies should address issues related to bioavailability of soil pools that may be linked to plant concentrations and possible risks of metals being transferred to plants or even humans." | ( Spatial and temporal assessment of cadmium and chromium contamination in soils in the Karditsa region (Central Greece). Antoniadis, V; Golia, EE, 2021) | 0.9 |
| " The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in mineral clay samples collected from the Sierra Mountains (USA) using the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (UBM) method and the Caco-2 permeability assay, respectively." | ( In-vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of heavy metals in mineral clay complex used in natural health products. Chen, X; Kitts, DD; Singh, A, 2020) | 0.77 |
| " In this study, robust geostatistics, enrichment index, and bioavailability index were first used to explore the spatial accumulation characteristics of Cd in wheat grain (wheat-Cd), Cd in rice grain (rice-Cd), and soil DTPA-extractable Cd (DTPA-Cd) in Jintan County, a typical rice-wheat rotation area in China." | ( Exploring the spatially varying relationships between cadmium accumulations and the main influential factors in the rice-wheat rotation system in a large-scale area. Chen, J; Huang, B; Qu, M; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.81 |
| " This is ascribed to that the competition effects of ions released from biochar enhanced the moving of heavy metals from iron and manganese oxides bound form to organic matter bound form, and hence enhanced the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Soil Using Biochars Derived from Pig Manure and Suaeda glauca. Feng, Y; Jia, W; Lin, Q; Liu, Y; Wang, F; Xiao, H; Yin, Z, 2020) | 0.86 |
| " Moreover, enzyme activity changes showed that the activity of catalase and urease were highly influenced by the stability and bioavailability of Cd during the incubation." | ( How does the microenvironment change during the stabilization of cadmium in exogenous remediation sediment? Chen, S; Deng, R; Huang, D; Lei, L; Liu, X; Wen, X; Xue, W; Zhou, C, 2020) | 0.8 |
| "The remediation efficiency of phytoextraction on heavy metal could be influenced by metal bioavailability and plant growth." | ( 24-Epibrassinolide combined with heavy metal resistant bacteria enhancing phytoextraction of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. in Cd-contaminated soil. Gu, Y; Luo, Y; Peng, H; Sheng, M; Xie, Y; Xu, H; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Iron (Fe) oxides are intimately coupled with phosphorus and closely associated with the bioavailability of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in soil." | ( Effects of hematite on the stabilization of copper, cadmium and phosphorus in a contaminated red soil amended with hydroxyapatite. Cui, H; Meng, L; Shen, L; Wang, Q; Yang, X; Yi, Q; Zhang, S; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2020) | 0.81 |
| " The bioavailability of the elements was characterized by bioconcentration factors." | ( [Bioavailability and Influencing Factors of Soil Cd in the Major Farming Areas of Chongqing]. Hu, XL; Li, Y; Wang, R; Yu, F; Zhang, YW; Zhu, HS, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Chelating agents can increase the bioavailability of heavy metals and enhance their enrichment in plants." | ( [Enhanced Phytoextraction of Cadmium Contaminated Soil by He, H; He, YL; Li, PR; Xie, SQ; Yu, J; Zhou, K, 2020) | 0.85 |
| " The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer and water management on bioavailability of Cd in soils and its accumulation in rice." | ( Mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice with water management and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer in field environment. Duan, L; Jia, J; Jin, G; Khan, MA; Li, Y; Liu, D; Luo, W; Ma, J; Xiang, Z; Xu, W; Yang, S; Zhong, B; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Mitigating effect of RGO could be due to strong adsorption of Cd on the large surface area of RGO sheets, which decrease the cellular uptake and bioavailability of Cd for HepG2 cells." | ( Reduced graphene oxide mitigates cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Ahamed, M; Akhtar, MJ; Alhadlaq, HA; Khan, MAM, 2020) | 0.84 |
| " To better understand the bioavailability of sedimentary Cd to deposit feeders, the present study used in vitro extraction experiments to explore the contribution of different digestive agents (proteins, amino acids and surfactants) to the solubilization of Cd from sediment collected in a highly-contaminated Chinese bay." | ( Digestive solubilization of Cd in highly-contaminated sediment by marine deposit feeders: The roles of intestinal surfactants in Cd mobilization and Re-Adsorption processes. Bi, R; Jia, YF; Klerks, PL; Liu, WH; Ma, X; Wang, SF; Wu, X; Yuan, ZD; Zhang, GQ, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " This study compared the effects of carbide slag, lodestone and biochar on the bioavailability of As and Cd in soil and their accumulation in rice tissues and root Fe-Mn plaque at tillering and mature stages in a paddy field." | ( Effects of carbide slag, lodestone and biochar on the immobilization, plant uptake and translocation of As and Cd in a contaminated paddy soil. Dai, Z; Huang, Y; Liu, G; Meng, J; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The parasites demonstrated the bioavailability of metals derived from Pt mining activities and their ability to resist its toxic effects." | ( The role of fish helminth parasites in monitoring metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems: a case study in the world's most productive platinum mining region. Erasmus, JH; Malherbe, W; Nachev, M; Smit, NJ; Sures, B; Wepener, V; Zimmermann, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " At the same level of treatment, the highest concentration of Cd was observed in rice organs (except for middle and high concentrations treatment roots) grown under APS, followed by IPS and SPS, suggesting that the Cd bioavailability from different pollution sources followed the order of APS > IPS > SPS." | ( Enrichment of cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different exogenous pollution sources. Du, HH; Huang, YY; Khan, S; Lei, M; Li, BY; Li, YJ; Long, SS; Yu, JY; Zhou, YM, 2020) | 0.92 |
| "Due to the increase of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated land area worldwide, effective measures should be taken to minimize the Cd bioavailability in crops." | ( The effects of biochar and AM fungi (Funneliformis mosseae) on bioavailability Cd in a highly contaminated acid soil with different soil phosphorus supplies. Huang, C; Qiao, Y; Wang, K; Zhang, H; Zhen, H, 2020) | 0.87 |
| " It is necessary to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on heavy metal bioavailability so as to select suitable immobilization agents." | ( Effect of immobilizing reagents on soil Cd and Pb lability under freeze-thaw cycles: Implications for sustainable agricultural management in seasonally frozen land. Hou, D; Hou, R; O'Connor, D; Rinklebe, J; Tsang, DCW; Wang, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Altogether, changes in soil properties affected microbial structure and functional characteristics, especially the response of SRB in MV treatment would provide valuable insights into reducing the bioavailability of Cd in soil." | ( Reduction mechanism of Cd accumulation in rice grain by Chinese milk vetch residue: Insight into microbial community. Bai, L; Deng, Y; Fu, S; Jiang, H; Jiang, L; Liang, Y; Liu, H; Liu, X; Xu, M; Yin, H; Zhang, S; Zhu, P, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " However, there is growing evidence that straw return could possibly enhance bioavailability and thus risks (i." | ( Straw return enhances the risks of metals in soil? Kwong, RWM; Su, Y; Tang, W; Yang, Y; Zhong, H, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The present study investigated the effects of foliar application of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) on bioavailability of Zn and Se and toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to different water spinach ecotypes (LA and HA) grown in slightly (XZ) or moderately (LJY) contaminated fields via in vitro digestion combined with Caco-2/HL-7702 cell model." | ( Foliar application of zinc and selenium alleviates cadmium and lead toxicity of water spinach - Bioavailability/cytotoxicity study with human cell lines. Feng, Y; Hamid, Y; He, Z; Liu, D; Shohag, MJI; Tang, L; Yang, X; Zehra, A, 2020) | 1.01 |
| ") was selected as the phytoremediation crop by a potted method, and the bioavailability of cadmium was investigated by adding exogenous elemental sulfur." | ( Effects of exogenous sulfur on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated plastic shed soil. Chen, N; Li, X; Sun, K; Wang, K; Wen, D; Yang, N; Yang, Y; Yue, Y; Zhang, H, 2020) | 0.78 |
| "This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste)." | ( Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting. Guo, HN; Liu, HT; Wang, LX, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "In estuaries, salinity fluctuates rapidly and continuously, greatly affecting the bioavailability and thus toxicity of contaminants, especially metals, causing difficulties in deriving site-specific water quality criteria." | ( Predicting Risks of Cadmium Toxicity in Salinity-Fluctuating Estuarine Waters Using the Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Model. Chen, N; Chen, R; Lu, S; Tan, QG; Zhong, G, 2020) | 0.88 |
| "This study aimed to assess earthworm's capability of reducing the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soil and increasing soil fertility with the modification of seasonal variations of ambient temperatures on the efficacy of vermiremediation." | ( The dual beneficial effects of vermiremediation: Reducing soil bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and improving soil fertility by earthworm (Eisenia fetida) modified by seasonality. Chen, H; Cheng, Q; Lu, C; Shen, H; Yang, Y, 2021) | 1.07 |
| "), Cd bioavailability in alkaline soil moderately polluted with Cd (2." | ( Hydroxyapatite as a passivator for safe wheat production and its impacts on soil microbial communities in a Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. Feng, Y; Liu, W; Wang, Y; Yan, Y; Yang, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Little attention has been paid to the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungus and composted manure on heavy metal bioavailability and its uptake by plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils from electronic-waste (e-waste) recycling sites." | ( Combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus and composted pig manure on the growth of ryegrass and uptake of Cd and Zn in the soil from an e-waste recycling site. Cui, Z; Meng, J; Shan, S; Tang, X; Wong, MH; Zhang, H; Zhang, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " This process effectively reduced Cd bioavailability in the soil system." | ( Remediation of Soil Polluted with Cd in a Postmining Area Using Thiourea-Modified Biochar. Chen, F; Hu, G; Ma, J; Yu, R; Zhang, S; Zhu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " These concentrations of materials increased the reducible fraction of Cd by 9-10% and decreased the oxidizable proportion of Cd by 48-52%, indicating the improvement of Cd bioavailability through converting the oxidizable Cd into reducible form." | ( Nanoscale zerovalent iron, carbon nanotubes and biochar facilitated the phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated sediments by changing cadmium fractions, sediments properties and bacterial community structure. Gong, X; Hu, X; Huang, D; Liu, Y; Wu, Z; Xiao, Z; Yang, Y; Zhou, L; Zou, D, 2021) | 0.84 |
| " This result indicated that soil carbonates raised soil pH and the adsorption of Fe/Mn oxide/hydroxide on Cd significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cd in karst areas." | ( Study on safe usage of agricultural land in karst and non-karst areas based on soil Cd and prediction of Cd in rice: A case study of Heng County, Guangxi. Hou, Q; Li, C; Liu, X; Wang, J; Wu, T; Yang, Z; Yu, T; Zhang, Q, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " We find that the migration rate of Cd in rhizosphere is higher than the absorption rate of Cd by roots of plants, and Cd in near-rhizosphere moves sluggishly, and near-rhizosphere soils forms a mass pool of Cd for absorption by plants." | ( Behaviors of cadmium in rhizosphere soils and its interaction with microbiome communities in phytoremediation. Chen, K; Gong, J; Leng, Y; Li, H; Li, X; Niu, H; Wu, H; Yu, Q, 2021) | 0.99 |
| " On average, biochar application significantly decreased the bioavailability of Cd in soils by 50." | ( Does biochar inhibit the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of As and Cd in co-contaminated soils? A meta-analysis. Chai, G; Tian, X; Wang, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, X, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Mineral-organic interfacial reactions strongly influence the adsorption, distribution and bioavailability of metal cations in soil systems." | ( The role of interfacial reactions in controlling the distribution of Cd within goethite-humic acid-bacteria composites. Cai, P; Chen, W; Fein, JB; Huang, Q; Qu, C, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) also proved that the bioavailability of As and Cd was reduced after the modified zeolite treatment." | ( Simultaneous immobilization of As and Cd in a mining site soil using HDTMA-modified zeolite. Hu, X; Wang, Q; Wen, J; Xing, L; Yan, C; Yuan, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium bioavailability in paddy soils is strongly affected by flooding-draining cycle." | ( Cadmium speciation and release kinetics in a paddy soil as affected by soil amendments and flooding-draining cycle. Chen, H; Fischel, M; Siebecker, MG; Sparks, DL; Wang, P; Yan, J; Zhao, FJ, 2021) | 3.51 |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw (RawBC) and iron (Fe)-modified biochar (FeBC) derived from Platanus orientalis Linn branches on the plant growth, enzyme activity, and bioavailability and uptake of As, Cd, and Pb by rice in a paddy soil with continuously flooded (CF) or alternately wet and dry (AWD) irrigation in a pot experiment." | ( Iron-modified biochar and water management regime-induced changes in plant growth, enzyme activities, and phytoavailability of arsenic, cadmium and lead in a paddy soil. Chen, H; Hou, D; Li, Y; Liang, Y; Pohořelý, M; Rinklebe, J; Sarkar, B; Shaheen, SM; Song, H; Wang, H; Wen, E; Wong, JWC; Wu, F; Xu, S; Yang, X, 2021) | 0.82 |
| " Effective remediation methods are needed to reduce Cd bioavailability in soil and Cd accumulation in food crops." | ( Reducing cadmium bioavailability and accumulation in vegetable by an alkalizing bacterial strain. Wang, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, LX; Zhao, FJ, 2021) | 1.04 |
| " Chemical speciation, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction were employed to characterize the bioavailability and leachability of Cd and Zn in the solid residues after pyrolysis and ashing." | ( Comparison of ashing and pyrolysis treatment on cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator plant: Effects on bioavailability and metal speciation in solid residues and risk assessment. Liang, P; Liu, Y; Man, YB; Naidu, R; Wang, M; Wong, MH; Wu, S; Xu, J; Zhang, J, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " In conclusion, biochar demonstrated the potential to act as a soil amendment for Cd immobilization and thereby reduce the bioavailability of Cd in soil, mitigating food security risks." | ( Short-Term Aging of Pod-Derived Biochar Reduces Soil Cadmium Mobility and Ameliorates Cadmium Toxicity to Soil Enzymes and Tomato. Akande, FO; Alagarsamy, K; Falade, FO; Fatoba, PO; Ogunkunle, CO; Oyedeji, BJ; Ramachandran, D; Vishwakarma, V, 2021) | 0.87 |
| " The Cd was concentrated with the increased pyrolysis temperature, while the bioavailability of Cd in biochar was reduced." | ( Biochar derived from cadmium-contaminated rice straw at various pyrolysis temperatures: Cadmium immobilization mechanisms and environmental implication. Lu, S; Xiao, Q; Zong, Y, 2021) | 0.94 |
| "), to investigate their impacts on Cd bioavailability in soil." | ( Effects of composited organic mobilizing agents and their application periods on cadmium absorption of Sorghum bicolor L. in a Cd-contaminated soil. Duan, MM; Huang, DY; Li, B; Xu, C; Zeng, XB; Zhang, Q; Zhu, HH; Zhu, QH, 2021) | 0.85 |
| "Using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is a recently developed alternative method of rapidly evaluating the bioavailability of metals in soil." | ( DGT methodology is more sensitive than conventional extraction strategies in assessing amendment-induced soil cadmium availability to rice. Chen, J; Du, P; Duan, G; He, Y; Jia, X; Li, F; Liang, T; Luo, H; Shi, J; Wang, P; Yang, B; Zhang, Y, 2021) | 0.83 |
| "Metal bioavailability controls its behaviors in soil-plant system, especially involved in biochar amendment." | ( Rhizospheric pore-water content predicts the biochar-attenuated accumulation, translocation, and toxicity of cadmium to lettuce. Ji, T; Li, M; Liu, Q; Uchimiya, M; Wang, SW; Wang, Y; Wang, YM; Yuan, XY; Zhang, ZY; Zhao, YY, 2021) | 0.83 |
| "Three soil types with different physicochemical properties were selected to evaluate their effect on lead and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the land snail Helix aspersa." | ( Dose-dependent effects of lead and cadmium and the influence of soil properties on their uptake by Helix aspersa: an ecotoxicity test approach. Belhiouani, H; Cheriti, O; Sahli, L; Sahraoui, AS; van Gestel, CAM; Verweij, RA, 2021) | 1.11 |
| "Unscientific municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping provokes heavy metal (HM) associated ecological and human health hazards through heightened bioavailability and bioaccumulation." | ( Occurrence, geochemical fraction, ecological and health risk assessment of cadmium, copper and nickel in soils contaminated with municipal solid wastes. Gujre, N; Mitra, S; Rangan, L, 2021) | 0.85 |
| " Inoculation also increased Cd bioavailability in rhizosphere soil by 12." | ( Biochemical mechanisms of rhizospheric Bacillus subtilis-facilitated phytoextraction by alfalfa under cadmium stress - Microbial diversity and metabolomics analyses. Chen, G; Fu, X; Ji, L; Li, Q; Li, T; Qi, Z; Wang, J; Xing, Y; Zhang, Q, 2021) | 0.84 |
| " Amending Cd-polluted soils with textile waste biochar (TWB) coated with natural polymers can lower Cd bioavailability in them and reduce associated environmental and human health risks." | ( Efficacy of chitosan-coated textile waste biochar applied to Cd-polluted soil for reducing Cd mobility in soil and its distribution in moringa (Moringa oleifera L.). Adnan Ramzani, PM; Akhtar, I; Farhad, M; Iqbal, J; Iqbal, M; Khan, MA; Khan, SA; Rasool, B; Tauqeer, HM; Turan, V; Ur-Rahman, M; Zubair, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Plant foods containing metal-binding plant compounds such as polyphenols, phytates, and phytochelatins may reduce Cd bioavailability and result in lower Cd body burden." | ( Plant food intake is associated with lower cadmium body burden in middle-aged adults. Alvarez, JA; Dennis, KK; Hartman, TJ; Jones, DP; Judd, SE; Kahe, K, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " Application of the amendments, particularly T1, decreased Cd and Zn bioavailability by 60% and 39%, respectively, increased biomass production in PSL2 and RD3 varieties, and substantially reduced Cd uptake in the KDML105 variety by 47%." | ( Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) accumulation by Thai rice varieties and health risk assessment in a Cd-Zn co-contaminated paddy field: Effect of soil amendments. Meeinkuirt, W; Saengwilai, P, 2021) | 2.06 |
| " The consortium application enhanced significantly the metals bioavailability (DTPA extractable) and mobilization (acid soluble fraction), relative to those in the unamended soil; therefore, significantly improved the metals uptake by roots and shoots." | ( Green remediation of toxic metals contaminated mining soil using bacterial consortium and Brassica juncea. Abdelrahman, H; Ali, A; Antoniadis, V; Azeem, M; Guo, D; Jeyasundar, PGSA; Kwon, E; Li, Y; Mani, VM; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Sikdar, A; Zhang, Z, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In this study, the influence of culinary treatments on the total concentration and on the bioavailability of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in shark, shrimp, squid, oyster, and scallop was assessed." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 0.85 |
| " Total concentration and bioavailability of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in seafood after all these culinary treatments were compared with those in uncooked samples." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 0.85 |
| "Cadmium concentration was reduced in scallop after some culinary treatments (reduction o 37-53% after boiling, frying, and sautéing), but bioavailability percentage was not influenced." | ( Influence of culinary treatment on the concentration and on the bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead in seafood. Caruso, J; Druzian, GT; Flores, EMM; Landero, JA; Mesko, MF; Novo, DR; Schmidt, L, 2021) | 2.29 |
| "05) under p-PET/f-PET and Cd combined treatment because of the reduction in the bioavailability of Cd." | ( Toxicities of microplastic fibers and granules on the development of zebrafish embryos and their combined effects with cadmium. Cheng, H; Duan, X; Duan, Z; Feng, Y; Gong, Z; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhao, S, 2021) | 0.83 |
| " Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) bioavailability and their sequentially extracted fractions (acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fraction), soil microbial function, and plant health attributes were analyzed after maize harvesting." | ( Bone-derived biochar improved soil quality and reduced Cd and Zn phytoavailability in a multi-metal contaminated mining soil. Abdelrahman, H; Ali, A; Arockiam Jeyasundar, PGS; Azeem, M; Basta, N; Latif, A; Li, G; Li, R; Li, Y; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Zhang, Z, 2021) | 1.53 |
| " Results of BCF indicate Pb, and Cd has absorption rate in Capsicum towards." | ( Investigation of plant contamination to Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd and its relationship with spectral reflections. Coulon, F; Mokarram, M; Pourghasemi, HR, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a threat to human health, and research on Cd bioavailability as well as its ecological risk assessment can help prevent and mitigate Cd hazards." | ( [Bioavailability and Ecological Risk Assessment of Cadmium in the Sea-Land Interaction Sediments of the Pearl River Delta]. Bao, K; Chen, ZH; Huang, CS; Liu, XH; Wang, FT; Zhang, CX; Zhao, XW, 2021) | 2.32 |
| "To date, most studies about the aging of metals in soil were based on the controlled laboratory experiments, and few works have attempted to investigate how aging process influences the distribution and bioavailability of metals in soil under the field condition." | ( Laboratory versus field soil aging: Impacts on cadmium distribution, release, and bioavailability. Hu, NW; Sun, JY; Wang, QY; Yang, XT; Yu, HW; Yue, J, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates." | ( Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure. Awad, M; Brestic, M; Dessoky, ES; El Sabagh, A; Liu, Z; Mbarki, S; Rastogi, A; Skalicky, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Both soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of OSiF and MSiF on bioavailability of Cd and Pb in soil and their accumulation in rice." | ( Effect of organosilicone and mineral silicon fertilizers on chemical forms of cadmium and lead in soil and their accumulation in rice. Liang, Y; Mei, Y; Peng, M; Tan, L; Xiao, Z, 2021) | 0.85 |
| " In this study, we investigated the adsorption properties of heavy metals onto polystyrene (PS) microplastics as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of microplastics and heavy metals by hydroponic wheat seedlings experiment." | ( Effects of polystyrene microplastic on uptake and toxicity of copper and cadmium in hydroponic wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Guo, H; Jiang, L; Yin, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, J; Zong, X, 2021) | 0.85 |
| " The effects of MPs at different addition ratios on Cd bioavailability and soil properties were also investigated in the microenvironment of three levels of Cd-contaminated soils." | ( Polyethylene microplastics increase cadmium uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by altering the soil microenvironment. Song, N; Wang, F; Wang, X, 2021) | 0.9 |
| " Hence, reducing the bioavailability of these metal(loids) in soils and decreasing their accumulation in rice grains is essential for agroecology, food safety, and human health." | ( Effect of calcium and iron-enriched biochar on arsenic and cadmium accumulation from soil to rice paddy tissues. Arafat, MY; Chen, Y; Islam, MS; Khan, ZH; Li, Y; Ma, J; Magid, ASIA; Weng, L, 2021) | 0.86 |
| " However, the effects of decapitated and root-pruned plants on the characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and enzymatic activity, which determine the bioavailability of soil pollutants, have rarely been reported." | ( Effects of decapitated and root-pruned Sedum alfredii on the characterization of dissolved organic matter and enzymatic activity in rhizosphere soil during Cd phytoremediation. Cao, M; Chen, K; Luo, J; Niu, H; Sun, J; Wu, H, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Biochar decreased the bioavailability of Cu and Pb in soil and the Cu content in pepper leaves." | ( Synergistic effects of biochar and biostimulants on nutrient and toxic element uptake by pepper in contaminated soils. Antón-Herrero, R; Camacho-Arévalo, R; Eymar, E; García-Delgado, C; Mayans, B; Moreno-Jiménez, E; Plaza, C; Vega-Jara, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The bioavailability of heavy metal and growth of hyperaccumulator are key factors controlling the phytoextraction of heavy metal from soil." | ( Irrigating digestate to improve cadmium phytoremediation potential of Pennisetum hybridum. Chen, C; He, L; He, M; Tan, F; Wang, Y; Zhu, Q, 2021) | 0.9 |
| "Organic amendments can modify rhizosphere dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties and Fe-plaque quantity, thereby affecting cadmium (Cd) bioavailability and uptake by rice." | ( Rhizosphere dissolved organic matter and iron plaque modified by organic amendments and its relations to cadmium bioavailability and accumulation in rice. Jiang, Z; Li, X; Liu, H; Liu, N; Lou, X; Shuai, Z; Wei, S, 2021) | 1.04 |
| "Biochar has the potential to control the bioavailability and transformation of heavy metals in soil, thereby ensuring the safe crop production." | ( Crop straw-derived biochar alleviated cadmium and copper phytotoxicity by reducing bioavailability and accumulation in a field experiment of rice-rape-corn rotation system. Lu, S; Malik, Z; Su, Y; Wang, Y; Xiao, Q; Zong, Y, 2021) | 0.89 |
| " Since vermicompost affects the bioavailability of TMs, the objective of this study was to evaluate its effects on the accumulation of growth of TMs in leafy vegetables." | ( Effect of Vermicompost Amendment on the Accumulation and Chemical Forms of Trace Metals in Leafy Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils. Chen, KS; Lai, HY; Yang, HY; Yen, YS, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Here, we summarized and reviewed the (1) geochemical distribution and speciation of Cd in soil-rice systems, (2) mobilization, uptake, and transport of Cd from soil to rice grains and the associated health risks, (3) pathways and transformation mechanisms of Cd from soil to rice grains, (4) transporters involved in reducing Cd uptake, transport, and accumulation in rice plants, (5) factors governing Cd bioavailability in paddy, and (6) comparison of remediation approaches for mitigating the environmental and health risks of Cd contamination in paddy fields." | ( Speciation, transportation, and pathways of cadmium in soil-rice systems: A review on the environmental implications and remediation approaches for food safety. Gao, Y; Hu, H; Li, YF; Li, Z; Liang, Y; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Tack, FMG; Wu, M; Zhao, J; Zhong, H, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " Differently, in this study, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in major local harvests were introduced to assess the dietary exposure of local residents from a high-level environmental Cd region." | ( Bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary exposure of cadmium for local residents from a high-level environmental cadmium region. Cai, ZF; Chi, HQ; Lai, YF; Li, YQ; Li, ZY; Liang, XX; Lin, J; Ma, AD; Pan, JL; Song, J; Tan, CT; Wang, Y; Wu, WL; Xu, FF; Yang, XF; Zhang, GQ, 2021) | 0.86 |
| "Soil aggregates display a significant influence on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil." | ( Soil amendments inhibited the cadmium accumulation in Ligusticum striatum DC. and improved the plant growth. Li, C; Pei, M; Sun, S; Xiao, X; Zhao, Y; Zhou, J; Zhu, X, 2021) | 0.91 |
| " The results showed that relative to the control, all amendments significantly decreased both soil Cd bioavailability and its uptake in plant tissues, promoting healthy wheat growth and yield." | ( Supplying silicon alters microbial community and reduces soil cadmium bioavailability to promote health wheat growth and yield. Bi, J; Fan, F; Jeyakumar, P; Li, Z; Song, A; Wang, E; Wang, H; Wang, S; Xu, D, 2021) | 0.86 |
| " Meanwhile, application of P compounds to soils decreases the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Effect of alkaline lignin on immobilization of cadmium and lead in soils and the associated mechanisms. Dai, Z; He, L; Liu, X; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " However, the effects of aging on the bioavailability of trace metals in biochar-amended soil remain largely unknown, especially for the biochars with various concentrations of endogenous metals." | ( Aging reduces the bioavailability of copper and cadmium in soil immobilized by biochars with various concentrations of endogenous metals. Cui, H; Wang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, X; Zhou, D; Zhou, J, 2021) | 0.88 |
| " Overall, sepiolite, as a soil amendment, not only reduced toxic element bioavailability and uptake by plants but also enhanced soil structure and function." | ( Microstructure characteristics of aggregates and Cd immobilization performance under a 3-year sepiolite amendment: A field study. Runlong, W; Shunan, Z; Tao, S; Tong, S; Yingming, X; Yuebing, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " After mycelium fixation, soil catalase, urease, cellulase, and sucrase activities were significantly enhanced, and the bioavailability of lead decreased significantly." | ( Heavy metal fixation of lead-contaminated soil using Morchella mycelium. He, R; He, X; Lian, J; Tan, R; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Yang, F; Zhou, L; Zhu, W, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " caerulescens was induced to secrete significantly more DOM, relative to the control, into its rhizosphere after being irradiated with pure red light and other red light combinations; this increased the bioavailability of soil Cd." | ( Influence of light-irradiated Noccaea caerulescens on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in its rhizospheric soil during phytoremediation. Cao, M; Luo, J; Niu, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Yang, X, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Water management has opposite effects on the bioavailability of Cd and As in soil." | ( Effects of optimized water management on the uptake and translocation of cadmium and arsenic in Oryza sativa L. in two contaminated soils. Bao, Q; Bao, W; Ding, Y; Huang, Y, 2022) | 0.95 |
| " halleri rhizosphere fungal richness and diversity associated most strongly with Zn hyperaccumulation, whereas soil Cd and Zn bioavailability had the strongest associations with Cd hyperaccumulation." | ( Soil microbial community and abiotic soil properties influence Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation differently in Arabidopsis halleri. Babst-Kostecka, A; Kushwaha, P; Maier, RM; Neilson, JW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Plant growth and heavy metal (HM) accumulation is affected by heavy metal bioavailability and nutrient content in soil aggregates during endophyte-assisted phytoremediation." | ( Endophyte inoculation redistributed bioavailable Cd and nutrient in soil aggregates and enhanced Cd accumulation in Phytolacca acinosa. Chen, X; Dong, Y; Li, B; Lin, H; Liu, C; Yin, T, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The effects of biochar aging on heavy-metal bioavailability and microbial activity are not fully understood." | ( Biochar aging alters the bioavailability of cadmium and microbial activity in acid contaminated soils. Bandara, T; Chathurika, JBAJ; Franks, A; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2021) | 0.88 |
| "Knowledge of the essential and nonessential elements distribution and behavior in Antarctic fish is important for understanding the essentiality and requirements of minerals in the diet of those species, as well as the bioavailability and storage of trace minerals in the tissues of fishes." | ( Concentration and Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Mackerel Icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) in South Georgia, Antarctic, During Winter. Li, Y; Liu, H; Wang, D; Zhu, G, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The aim of this work was to assess the origins, mobility, bioavailability and potential health risks of V, Cr, Co, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn and Sb, which are not sufficiently studied in the terrestrial environment of Egypt." | ( Soil and plant contamination by potentially toxic and emerging elements and the associated human health risk in some Egyptian environments. Antoniadis, V; Bailey, EH; Marzouk, ER; Mohamed, EF; Rinklebe, J; Shaheen, SM; Shetaya, WH; Young, SD, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This study aimed to determine the impact of goethite-modified biochar (GB) on bioavailability of both Cd and As in Cd- and As- polluted paddy soil." | ( Goethite modified biochar simultaneously mitigates the arsenic and cadmium accumulation in paddy rice (Oryza sativa) L. Chen, C; Irshad, MK; Noman, A; Shang, J; Wang, Y; Yin, Y, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " Amendments like biochar have potential to address these challenges by reducing Cd bioavailability in soil, though reliance on post-harvest wet chemical methods to quantify Cd uptake have slowed efforts to identify the most effective amendments." | ( Leveraging high-throughput hyperspectral imaging technology to detect cadmium stress in two leafy green crops and accelerate soil remediation efforts. Hoagland, L; Lee, L; Nemali, K; Souza, A; Yang, Y; Zea, M, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " The results showed that the co-application of water management and foliar spraying Si could effectively decrease the bioavailability of Cd and As in soil and reduce the uptake and transport of Cd and As in rice." | ( Co-application of water management and foliar spraying silicon to reduce cadmium and arsenic uptake in rice: A two-year field experiment. Gu, J; Liao, B; Wei, B; Zeng, P; Zhou, H, 2022) | 0.95 |
| " In the context of sustaining soil functions associated with food safety, the bioavailability of HMs should be reduced to a minimum needed for adequate plant nutrition." | ( Elucidating the effect and mechanism of the brown coal-based amendment on plant availability of zinc, lead and cadmium in a Haplic Luvisols. Kwiatkowska-Malina, J; Maciejewska, A, 2022) | 0.93 |
| " 16 S rRNA gene sequencing results confirmed that the application of GNZVI increased the abundance of some Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, further stimulating the bioavailability of organic matter." | ( Stabilization of cadmium in contaminated sediment based on a nanoremediation strategy: Environmental impacts and mechanisms. Cao, S; Gao, Y; Huang, D; Li, J; Li, W; Wang, R; Xue, W; Zhu, J, 2022) | 1.06 |
| "In the present study, the oral bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in earthworms and leeches was investigated through in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) digestion/Caco2 and MDKC cell models." | ( Novel bioavailability-based risk assessment of Cd in earthworms and leeches utilizing in vitro digestion/Caco-2 and MDCK cells. Gao, F; He, HZ; He, LC; Jin, HY; Li, B; Luo, FY; Ma, SC; Sun, L; Xing, SX; Zuo, TT, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " The application of exogenous additives can effectively inhibit Cd bioavailability in soil and decrease Cd accumulation in wheat." | ( Effects of exogenous additives on wheat Cd accumulation, soil Cd availability and physicochemical properties in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. Huang, Q; Li, L; Liang, X; Wang, Y; Xing, W; Xu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Whether biochar would simultaneously affect soil micronutrient bioavailability in heavy metal-contaminated soils warrants research." | ( Does biochar application in heavy metal-contaminated soils affect soil micronutrient dynamics? Feng, K; Li, H; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xu, Q; Yin, W; Zhu, H, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Soil amendments have been extensively used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils by immobilizing or altering edaphic properties to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Assembly of root-associated bacterial community in cadmium contaminated soil following five-year consecutive application of soil amendments: Evidences for improved soil health. Cheng, Z; He, Y; Shi, J; Wu, L; Xu, J, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " Passivation with natural or artificially modified materials has shown great potential to simultaneously reduce the bioavailability of As and Cd in paddy soils." | ( Simultaneous mitigation of Cd and As availability in soil-rice continuum via the addition of an Fe-based desulfurization material. Feng, Q; Su, S; Yang, Z; Zeng, X; Zhang, N; Zhu, Q, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "This study investigated the influence of biochar on temperature, pH, organic matter (OM), seed germination index (GI), the fluorescent components of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bioavailability of DTPA-extractable Cu and Cd during composting and analyzed the relation between DTPA-extractable metals with pH, OM, and the fluorescent components of DOM." | ( Effect of biochar on transformation of dissolved organic matter and DTPA-extractable Cu and Cd during sediment composting. Cai, C; Rong, H; Yu, Z; Zhang, C; Zhao, M; Zhou, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and the physiological activities of rice determine the accumulation of heavy metals in brown rice." | ( [Inhibitory Effects of Soil Amendment Coupled with Water Management on the Accumulation of Cd and Pb in Double-Cropping Rice]. Ai, SY; Li, LF; Li, Q; Li, YC; Tang, MD; Wang, YH, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Continuous flooding has been widely used in paddy field to decrease the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s by rice due to their decreased solubility and bioavailability of most heavy metal(loid)s under water flooding condition." | ( The effect of water flooding at grain-filling stage on the uptake of heavy metal(loid)s by rice in slightly alkaline paddy soil. Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " According to RAC classification and potential ecological risk index (PERI), the Cd with high bioavailability had a very high environmental risk." | ( Heavy metals speciation and distribution of microbial communities in sediments from the abandoned Mo-Ni polymetallic mines, southwest of China. Cai, S; Cheng, J; Dai, Y; Wang, Q; Zhou, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Here we investigated the potential of phosphorus-solubilizing fungus, Penicillium oxalicum SL2, on regulating the bioavailability of Pb in a lead (Pb) polluted soil-rice system." | ( Penicillium oxalicum SL2 as a sustainable option to mitigate the accumulation of Pb in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Jiang, X; Luo, Y; Shi, J; Tong, J; Wu, H; Xu, Q, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Currently there is no universally recognized method to evaluate Cd bioavailability in soil." | ( Assessment of Cd bioavailability using chemical extraction methods, DGT, and biological indicators in soils with different aging times. Dai, Z; Liu, M; Ma, P; Shao, T; Tian, T; Zhang, W, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil is a key factor affecting the bioavailability of heavy metals, but very few studies have focused on the role of DOM in the use of soil amendments to mitigate heavy metal accumulation in crops." | ( Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in cadmium-contaminated paddy soil amended with different materials. Chen, J; Du, P; Li, F; Li, Y; Luo, H; Teng, Y; Wang, H; Wang, P, 2022) | 0.98 |
| "Red mud (RM) was constantly reported to immobilize soil cadmium (Cd) and reduce Cd uptake by crops, but few studies investigated whether and how RM influenced rhizobacteria communities, which was a vital factor determining Cd bioavailability and plant growth." | ( Rhizobacteria communities reshaped by red mud based passivators is vital for reducing soil Cd accumulation in edible amaranth. He, XT; Liang, JL; Lin, Z; Liu, CG; Long, SX; Sun, WM; Wang, L; Wang, YF; Xu, ZM; Zhang, JX; Zhang, YX, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " The reduction in the bioavailability of HMs (Cr, Cd, and Zn) was also greater in pile B, and the passivation of HMs was ranked as Cd > Zn > Cr." | ( Effect of attapulgite on heavy metals passivation and microbial community during co-composting of river sediment with agricultural wastes. Chen, L; Chen, Y; Jiang, H; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Luo, X; Tang, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The performances of passivation materials mitigating Cadmium (Cd) bioavailability considerably vary with the pH condition of Cd-contaminated soils." | ( The performance and mechanism of cadmium availability mitigation by biochars differ among soils with different pH: Hints for the reasonable choice of passivators. Jia, Y; Jiku, MAS; Li, J; Liu, J; Su, S; Wen, J; Wu, C; Zeng, X; Zhang, N, 2022) | 1.25 |
| " Previous studies have shown that the reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is regarded as an effective soil disinfection technology, which will affect the bioavailability of Cd." | ( Shifts of lipid metabolites help decode immobilization of soil cadmium under reductive soil disinfestation. Chen, J; Li, X; Long, S; Tao, Y; Zhang, Q, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " The addition of chelate on the 20th day after sowing can improve the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in the soil." | ( Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils by Solanum nigrum L. enhanced with biodegradable chelating agents. Guan, W; Li, Z; Teng, Y; Wang, Z; Yu, A; Yu, H; Zou, L, 2022) | 1.27 |
| " Changes in microbial community were found to be strongly linked to the environment index, enzymes, soil metabolites, Se forms, which reduced Cd bioavailability and Cd accumulation in pepper plants." | ( Nanoselenium integrates soil-pepper plant homeostasis by recruiting rhizosphere-beneficial microbiomes and allocating signaling molecule levels under Cd stress. An, Q; Fang, Y; Li, D; Li, JQ; Pan, C; Wu, Y; Zhang, J; Zhou, C, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Overall, the four treatments significantly reduced Cd bioavailability during the plant growth period, with average DTPA-extractable concentrations decreasing by 43%, 34%, 39% and 45% for the four treatments, respectively, relative to untreated soil (control)." | ( Natural field freeze-thaw process leads to different performances of soil amendments towards Cd immobilization and enrichment. Hou, D; Hou, R; O'Connor, D; Rinklebe, J; Wang, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Due to the significant difference in soil Cd content and bioavailability among different parent materials, the previous land classification scheme based on total soil Cd content as the classification standard, has certain shortcomings." | ( Use of artificial neural network to evaluate cadmium contamination in farmland soils in a karst area with naturally high background values. Hou, Q; Li, C; Liu, X; Ma, X; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Yang, Z; Yu, T; Zhang, C, 2022) | 0.98 |
| " The effects of passivators on soil physicochemical properties, bioavailability of the heavy metals Cd and Pb, and the yield and plant (stalk and seed) content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in low-accumulation maize were investigated under different grouping conditions of calcite+slaked lime (CL), calcite+zeolite (CZ), calcite+biochar (CB), and calcite+slaked lime+zeolite+biochar (CLZB)." | ( [Synergistic Repair Effect of Calcite-Based Passivator and Low-Accumulation Maize]. Du, QQ; Li, JT; Ren, C; Ren, YZ; Wang, H; Xiao, JH; Zhao, R; Zhu, LW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Clay minerals are important soil components and usually coexist with organic matter, forming mineral-organic associations (MOAs), which control the speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Adsorption of cadmium on clay-organic associations in different pH solutions: The effect of amphoteric organic matter. Bu, H; Chen, M; Gao, T; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Tan, D; Tong, H; Xu, W; Zhu, JM, 2022) | 1.08 |
| " Inappropriate management adopted in the assessed sites and terrain slope and the intensive use of mineral (phosphate and potassium) and organic (poultry litter) fertilizers were the main factors contributing to increase soil Cd and Pb pseudo-total and bioavailability contents." | ( Cadmium and lead transfer factors to kale plants (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) grown in mountain agroecosystem and its risk to human health. da Fonseca Breda, FA; da Mota Gonçalves, RG; de Souza, CDCB; do Amaral Sobrinho, NMB; do Carmo, MGF; Dos Santos, CA; Lima, ESA, 2022) | 2.16 |
| "The present study is based on the measurement of potentially toxic metal contents employing various extraction methodologies aimed at the evaluation of their mobility, bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the urban soil (n = 56) of Lahore, Pakistan." | ( Mobility, bioaccessibility, pollution assessment and risk characterization of potentially toxic metals in the urban soil of Lahore, Pakistan. Khan, YK; Shah, MH; Toqeer, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) is an element of global concern in agricultural fields owing to its high bioavailability and its risk to human health via the consumption of wheat products." | ( Evaluating the contributions of leaf organ to wheat grain cadmium at the filling stage. Lin, L; Ma, C; Xie, P; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, K, 2022) | 2.41 |
| "Iron oxides and microorganisms are important soil components that profoundly affect the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils." | ( Synergistic effects of Cd-loving Bacillus sp. N3 and iron oxides on immobilizing Cd and reducing wheat uptake of Cd. Chen, Z; Han, H; Hui, R; Wu, X; Xia, X; Yang, J; Yao, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In present study, surface sediment from the Nanfei River was collected to investigate the anthropogenic impact on distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Source tracing with cadmium isotope and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment of an urban river, China. Cui, K; Fang, T; Gao, N; Jiang, H; Li, H; Li, J; Liang, Y; Lu, W; Wang, H; Yang, K; Yu, Q; Zhao, X, 2022) | 1.04 |
| " In this study, a total of 102 rice samples were obtained from main producing rice regions of China, and the bioavailability of Cd in rice were assessed by using an in vitro digestion method combined with a Caco-2 cell monolayer model." | ( Health risk assessment using in vitro simulation in assessing bioavailability of cadmium in rice from main producing areas across China. Deng, Z; Fang, M; Gong, Z; Wu, Y; Yao, L, 2022) | 0.95 |
| "Identifying the bioavailability and release-desorption mechanism of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is critical to understand the release risk of HMs." | ( The mechanistic investigation of geochemical fractionation, bioavailability and release kinetic of heavy metals in contaminated soil of a typical copper-smelter. Chen, W; Cheng, C; Hu, T; Liu, W; Mao, Y; Qi, S; Shi, M; Xing, X; Zhang, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Composting process reduced the bioavailability of Cu (49." | ( Effects of phosphate-containing additives and zeolite on maturity and heavy metal passivation during pig manure composting. Kong, Y; Li, G; Liu, Y; Ma, R; Tang, R; Wang, J; Yuan, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Ni, however, was contained in poorly bioavailable fractions and therefore presented a low risk to soils." | ( Metal speciation in sludges: a tool to evaluate risks of land application and to track heavy metal contamination in sewage network. Cherfouh, R; Derridj, A; Lucas, Y; Merdy, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The gut microbes not only can be affected by environmental contaminants but they themselves can alter the speciation and bioavailability of these contaminants." | ( Differential toxicity of potentially toxic elements to human gut microbes. Bolan, N; Bolan, S; Grainge, I; Kunhikrishnan, A; Naidu, R; Seshadri, B; Talley, NJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Compared with the CK group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Lysobacter decreased, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Pontibacter, and Alkaliphilus increased with SSB and RSB treatments, all of which reflected the bioavailability of Cd and Pb reduction." | ( Immobilization of Cd and Pb in soil facilitated by magnetic biochar: metal speciation and microbial community evolution. Dan, Y; Diao, Y; Ji, M; Sang, W; Wang, X; Zhou, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Toxicity, mobility, bioavailability and biofunctions of chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead are heavily dependent upon their specific chemical forms, leading to a high demand to metal speciation analysis rather than total quantification." | ( Simultaneous measurements of Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb species in ng L Cheng, H; Guo, F; Liu, J; Song, Y; Wang, Y; Zeng, P, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " Aging of poultry-litter biochar increased the abundance of Armatimonadota over time more than the sugar-gum-wood biochar, which was attributed to a lower pH and higher bioavailability of Cd in the sugar-gum-wood biochar treatment." | ( The effects of biochar aging on rhizosphere microbial communities in cadmium-contaminated acid soil. Bandara, T; Chathurika, JBAJ; Franks, A; Jin, J; Krohn, C; Potter, ID; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2022) | 0.96 |
| "Biosynthetic nano-selenium (bio-SeNP), as a plant growth regulator, has better bioavailability and lower toxicity than selenite and selenate." | ( Foliar application of biosynthetic nano-selenium alleviates the toxicity of Cd, Pb, and Hg in Brassica chinensis by inhibiting heavy metal adsorption and improving antioxidant system in plant. Dong, Y; Jin, H; Zhu, N; Zhu, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Heavy metals in both gastric and small intestinal phases were prone to release from PVC microplastics when bioaccessibility was evaluated with the in vitro SBRC (Soluble Bioavailability Research Consortium) digestion model." | ( Bioaccessibility of microplastic-associated heavy metals using an in vitro digestion model and its implications for human health risk assessment. Chen, XJ; Hu, GR; Ma, JJ; Yan, Y; Yu, RL, 2022) | 0.72 |
| ", Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Mn) under different land uses from the Puding karst critical zone, and the bioavailability and potential ecological risk of these heavy metals were evaluated." | ( [Speciation Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals from Puding Karst Critical Zone, Guizhou Province]. Hah, GL; Zhang, Q, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in the main tissues (muscle, liver, gonads, and gills) of the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) from the northern Gulf of California to establish baseline bioavailability levels in the northern stock." | ( Tissue dynamics of potential toxic elements in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus): distribution and the public health risk assessment. Acosta-Lizárraga, LG; Bergés-Tiznado, ME; Bojórquez-Sánchez, C; Márquez-Farías, JF; Páez-Osuna, F; Zamora-García, OG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "In arable soils co-influenced by mining and farming, soil bacteria significantly affect metal (Cadmium, Cd) bioavailability and accumulation." | ( Responsive change of crop-specific soil bacterial community to cadmium in farmlands surrounding mine area of Southeast China. Fang, W; Jia, Y; Li, X; Liu, H; Qiu, Z; Wang, C; Wang, Q; Wu, M; Xu, F; Yan, F, 2022) | 1.18 |
| "Dissolved organic matter (DOM), a ubiquitous ligand for heavy metals, plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and fate of heavy metals in the environment." | ( Kinetics of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) release from fulvic acid: Role of re-association reactions and quantitative models. Ding, Z; Li, R; Shi, Z; Ye, Q, 2022) | 1.1 |
| "The soil environmental pollution situation has been severe in recent years, but studies on evaluating with bioavailability testing and prediction models are lacking, which makes it difficult to accurately assess the ecological risks of contaminated soil." | ( [Effect Factors and Model Prediction of Soil Heavy Metal Bioaccessibility]. Liu, ZT; Luo, JJ; Tian, B; Wang, XN; Wu, F; Zhang, C; Zhang, JW, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In this paper, 26 soil samples were analyzed to assess the speciation, bioavailability and human health risk of Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in urban soils of a heavy industrial city in NE China by using a Monte Carlo simulation approach." | ( Bioavailability and health risk of toxic heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) in urban soils: A Monte Carlo simulation approach. Martín, JD; Wang, H; Yang, Q; Zhang, L, 2022) | 0.92 |
| " This study investigated the Cd bioaccessibility and bioavailability for humans from grains of early rice cultivars grown in a Cd-polluted field and further combined with multi-traits to discover and evaluate the optimum safe production and phytoremediation potential cultivars." | ( Screening of low-Cd accumulating early rice cultivars coupled with phytoremediation and agro-production: Bioavailability and bioaccessibility tests. Hamid, Y; He, Z; Hussain, B; Lin, Q; Yang, X; Yin, X, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " It is essential to know about the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) for further utilisation of animal manure." | ( Review on fate and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion and composting of animal manure. Li, S; Liu, F; Wang, H; Wu, Q; Xiao, Z; Zheng, X; Zou, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " This study has shown that application of amendments could effectively reduce the Cd bioavailability in soil, but LM altered the soil microbial community structure, while OS maintained the soil microbiological structure." | ( Effect of slow-released biomass alkaline amendments oyster shell on microecology in acidic heavy metal contaminated paddy soils. Chen, Y; Huang, H; Lei, L; Liu, H; Qiu, C; Xu, H; Zhang, R, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, straw application significantly increased Se/Cd in soil solution which had the highest bioavailability during flooding." | ( Rape straw application facilitates Se and Cd mobilization in Cd-contaminated seleniferous soils by enhancing microbial iron reduction. Li, L; Liu, X; Lyu, C; Zhao, Z, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " However, the specific pe + pH threshold determining Cd bioavailability is largely unknown especially considering the roles of Fe and S reduction." | ( A new insight into Cd reduction by flooding in paddy soil: The different dominant roles of Fe and S on Cd immobilization under fluctuant pe + pH conditions. Chen, S; Qin, L; Sun, X; Wang, L; Wang, M; Yu, L; Zhao, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " A 120-day incubation study examined the effects of alkaline lignin on Cd, Pb and P bioavailability and transformation in Cd or Cd/Pb co-contaminated red and cinnamon soils and elucidated the associated mechanisms." | ( Alkaline lignin does not immobilize cadmium in soils but decreases cadmium accumulation in the edible part of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Dai, Z; He, L; Hong, Z; Lin, J; Liu, X; Tang, C; Xu, J; Yu, Y, 2022) | 1 |
| " In summary, this study indicates that biochar amendment in contaminated soils not only improves plant growth but also lowers the rates of soil and plant toxicity and metal bioavailability as well." | ( Effect of biochar amendment on metal mobility, phytotoxicity, soil enzymes, and metal-uptakes by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in contaminated soils. Chand, N; Pandey, B; Suthar, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The impacts of silicon (Si) fertilizers on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in soil and Cd accumulation in paddy-rice plants were investigated in a field positioning test." | ( [Impacts of Uptake and Accumulation of Cd on Double Rice-Paddy Soil by Silicon Fertilizer Continuous Application]. Deng, K; Ji, XH; Liu, SH; Peng, H; Shi, Y; Wei, W, 2022) | 0.98 |
| " Through indoor cultivation experiments, the effects of water management (continuous flooding, CW; alternating wet and dry, DW) combined with iron oxide application (goethite, G-Fe; iron powder, Fe) on the pH, redox state (Eh, pe+pH), iron oxide form conversion, and Cd bioavailability changes in Cd-contaminated soil were studied." | ( [Effects of Water Management on the Transformation of Iron Oxide Forms in Paddy Soils and Its Coupling with Changes in Cadmium Activity]. Li, MY; Liu, HY; Wei, SQ; Zhang, XT, 2022) | 0.93 |
| "Biochar application is not only being widely promoted as an ideal strategy to mitigate global climate warming, but it also has the advantage of reducing heavy metal bioavailability and migration in the soil." | ( Field aging declines the regulatory effects of biochar on cadmium uptake by pepper in the soil. Chadwick, D; Cheng, H; Hill, P; Jones, DL; Li, Y; Lin, S; Liu, Y; Ning, Z; Wang, X; Xing, D, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " In the present study, seaweed organic fertilizer (S), apatite (A), biochar (B), and seaweed organic fertilizer-apatite-biochar mixtures (SAB) were applied at different rates to assess their influence on cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) bioavailability in contaminated farmland soils, using different component ratios and doses in maize field plots, and maize yield." | ( Combined apatite, biochar, and organic fertilizer application for heavy metal co-contaminated soil remediation reduces heavy metal transport and alters soil microbial community structure. Hong, Y; Hu, Y; Jiao, Y; Li, D; Li, Z; Wang, B; Xie, C; Yin, J; Zhang, K; Zheng, X; Zhu, Z, 2022) | 0.91 |
| "Many organic materials have been used to decrease heavy-metal bioavailability in soil via in-situ remediation due to its high efficiency and easy operation; meanwhile, cheap materials have also been pursued to decrease the cost of remediation." | ( The immobilization, plant uptake and translocation of cadmium in a soil-pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) system amended with various sugarcane bagasse-based materials. Dai, Z; Liu, G; Tang, C; Xu, J, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (MV) and rice straw (RS) is a common agricultural practice in Southern China; however, the effects of combining these two materials with biochar on Cd bioavailability remain unclear." | ( Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), rice straw, and biochar strengthens the mitigation of Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cao, W; Chang, D; Gao, S; Liang, T; Liao, Y; Lu, Y; Nie, J; Wang, Y; Zhou, G; Zou, C, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The mechanism of silicon (Si) influencing cadmium (Cd) speciation and bioavailability in alkaline paddy soil solution remains unclear." | ( Solution chemistry mechanisms of exogenous silicon influencing the speciation and bioavailability of cadmium in alkaline paddy soil. Chen, A; Guo, L; He, N; Li, C; Liu, M; Wang, Y; Yang, D, 2022) | 1.2 |
| " The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of metal(loid)s in four species of native plants and the effect of their distribution and bioavailability in soil with waste from an abandoned gold mine." | ( Phytoextraction of Cu, Cd, Zn and As in four shrubs and trees growing on soil contaminated with mining waste. Hasuoka, P; Heredia, B; Pacheco, P; Roqueiro, G; Tapia, R; Young, BJ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Our results provide a new perspective and an important reference for further understanding the effects of MPs on the bioavailability and fate of heavy metals." | ( Microplastics addition reduced the toxicity and uptake of cadmium to Brassica chinensis L. Chen, L; Duan, C; Fang, L; Li, Y; Qiu, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S, 2022) | 0.97 |
| " This study suggests that the MLR-based approach may facilitate the adoption of updated site-specific metals standards that more accurately account for the parameters affecting metal bioavailability than metal concentration standard alone." | ( Developing ecological risk assessment of metals released from sediment based on sediment quality guidelines linking with the properties: A case study for Kaohsiung Harbor. Chen, CF; Chen, CW; Dong, CD; Ju, YR; Lim, YC; Tsai, CY, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Gradient boosting regression performed best among the four models for predicting both heavy metal bioavailability variations and immobilization." | ( Simulation, prediction and optimization of typical heavy metals immobilization in swine manure composting by using machine learning models and genetic algorithm. Guo, HN; Liu, HT; Wu, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Water management serves as an important agronomic measure altering the bioavailability of Zn and Cd in soils, but how this affects particulate Cd and Zn and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown." | ( Potential mobilization of cadmium and zinc in soils spiked with smithsonite and sphalerite under different water management regimes. Christie, P; Hu, P; Li, X; Li, Z; Luo, Y; Wu, L; Zhou, J; Zhou, T, 2022) | 1.02 |
| " Both MPs and Cd improved the bioavailability and uptake of Fe and Mn in rice roots." | ( Effects of microplastics on cadmium accumulation by rice and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in cadmium-contaminated soil. Cui, W; Li, W; Liu, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, F; Xu, G; Xu, S, 2023) | 1.2 |
| " The effects of polymer aging on co-contaminants bioavailability were assessed by measuring changes in the transcriptional profile of genes involved in oxidative-stress response and skeletogenic and endo-mesodermal specification." | ( Polymer aging affects the bioavailability of microplastics-associated contaminants in sea urchin embryos. Bennici, CD; Carroccio, SC; Cocca, M; Cuttitta, A; Dattilo, S; Di Natale, MV; Masullo, T; Mazzola, A; Musco, M; Nicosia, A; Russo, S; Torri, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Straw return can improve soil quality and change the mobility and bioavailability of pollutants in soil." | ( Effects of Straw Return and Moisture Condition on Temporal Changes of DOM Composition and Cd Speciation in Polluted Farmland Soil. Cui, J; Guan, Z; Tang, X; Yang, G, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Bacillus cereus BL4, isolated from Miscanthus floridulus growing around a pyrite mine, exhibited high Cd tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits and could improve Cd bioavailability in soil." | ( Potential of Miscanthus floridulus associated with endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus BL4 to remediate cadmium contaminated soil. Chen, Y; Lei, L; Lin, K; Luo, S; Qiu, C; Wang, X; Xu, H; Zhang, R, 2023) | 1.12 |
| " Cd was the most polluted heavy metal with the highest bioavailability risk." | ( Heavy metals speciation in surface sediments of the Cross River Estuary, Gulf of Guinea, South East Nigeria. Dan, SF; Ding, S; Lu, D; Udoh, EC; Wang, Q; Wijesiri, B; Yang, B; Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " To better know the potential risk of PTEs in the urban soil environment, geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility, and potential bioavailability of four PTEs (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were investigated by the combined use of different methods." | ( Combining DGT with bioaccessibility methods as tool to estimate potential bioavailability and release of PTEs in the urban soil environment. Ajmone-Marsan, F; Li, Y; Padoan, E, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments; however, the association between the binding activities and the concentrations of DOM compositions is not well documented, leading to uncertainties in metal toxicity assessment." | ( Effect of dissolved organic matter on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium in zebrafish larvae: Determination based on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic processes. Gao, Y; He, A; Zhu, J, 2022) | 0.95 |
| "Microplastics (MPs) are considered to influence the bioavailability of heavy metals through direct adsorption, but this neglects the distribution of heavy metal chemical speciation indirectly influenced by MPs by altering geochemical properties." | ( New insights into the decrease in Cd Bai, X; Li, F; Li, Y; Weng, Y; Xu, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailabilities of different metals varied significantly, among which Cd has the highest bioavailability (> 30%)." | ( Driving effects and transfer prediction of heavy metal(loid)s in contaminated courtyard gardens using redundancy analysis and multilayer perceptron. Chen, W; Ge, D; Hao, H; Li, P; Li, Y; Lv, Y; Xu, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In conclusion, essential and toxic trace elements concentrations in the blood of nesting Kemp's ridley turtles may be a reflex of the ecosystem in which the turtles develop, that is, with low bioavailability of elements observed in the trophic webs in the Gulf of Mexico." | ( Trace elements concentration in blood of nesting Kemp's Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Acosta-Sánchez, HH; Aguirre, AA; Camacho-Sánchez, FY; Espinoza-Romo, BA; Hart, CE; Leal-Moreno, R; Leal-Sepúlveda, V; Ley-Quiñónez, CP; Reyes-López, MA; Zavala-Félix, KA; Zavala-Norzagaray, AA, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Consequently, here we studied the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (P), Lactobacillus acidophilus (A), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R) applications alone and in combination on soil enzyme activities and bioavailability and uptake of Cd and Zn by mustard (Brassica juncea) in a smelter-contaminated soil under greenhouse conditions." | ( Lactic acid bacteria promoted soil quality and enhanced phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by mustard: A trial for bioengineering of toxic metal contaminated mining soils. Ali, EF; Li, R; Li, Y; Shaheen, SM; Wang, P; Zhang, H; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| ", moisture content and bulk density) and bioavailability of several metals (e." | ( Eco-geological consequences of textile processing wastes: Risk assessment, elemental dissolution kinetics, and health hazard potential. Bhattacharya, SS; Das, S; Kim, KH; Paul, S; Pegu, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " They can provide direct evidence of the bioavailability and accumulation of heavy metal elements in the environment." | ( Tissue distribution and association of heavy metal accumulation in a free-living resident passerine bird tree sparrow Passer montanus. Ding, J; Wang, S; Yang, W; Yu, F; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The eluent mainly removed exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cd, which could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Green remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by cellulose nanocrystals. Chen, Y; Liao, W; Lin, X; Qiu, R; Wei, Z; Wu, Q; Yu, X, 2023) | 1.23 |
| " However, when different types of nanobubbles were introduced into the nutrient solution, the bioavailability of Cd in the solution was reduced." | ( Different nanobubbles mitigate cadmium toxicity and accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings in hydroponic cultures. Dodbiba, G; Fujita, T; He, C; Huang, M; Kurokawa, H; Matsui, H; Nhung, NTH; Wang, K; Wu, Y; Yang, S, 2023) | 1.2 |
| "Biochar (BC) application to farmland soil can reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Cd." | ( Enhancing the effect of biochar ageing on reducing cadmium accumulation in Medicago sativa L. Feng, FJ; Huang, YM; Zhang, ZY; Zhao, XY, 2023) | 1.16 |
| "The speciation of dissolved trace metals is important due to its closely linkage with toxicity and bioavailability in seawater." | ( The distribution and speciation of dissolved Cd and Pb in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, China. Li, L; Liu, J; Ren, Y; Shi, X; Wang, X; Zhang, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " As soil amendments, bovine bone meal (BM) and oyster shell meal (OS) reduced the mobility and bioavailability of metals primarily by increasing soil pH." | ( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Results suggested that biochar increased the bioavailability of Cd and 2,4-D and the frequency of micronuclei (MNi) and decreased the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) in earthworms." | ( Combined toxicity of Cd and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the earthworm Eisenia andrei under biochar amendment. Banni, M; Boughattas, I; Bousserrhine, N; Hattab, S; Helaoui, S; Missawi, O; Mkhinini, M; Mokni, M; Zitouni, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations." | ( The fate of secondary metabolites in plants growing on Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated soils-a comprehensive review. Asare, MO; Száková, J; Tlustoš, P, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " XT1-2-2 was isolated from high cadmium-contaminated soils, and demonstrated an excellent ability to decrease the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil and inhibit cadmium uptake in rice." | ( Comparative genomic analysis of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals. Cheng, W; Du, D; Fu, Z; Guo, Z; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Shan, S; Wang, Y; Wei, X; Wu, S; Zhang, M, 2022) | 1 |
| " However, the ability of a range of Ca minerals to reduce oral bioavailability of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from indoor dust remains unclear." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.94 |
| "This study evaluated the ability of Ca minerals to reduce Pb, Cd, and As oral bioavailability from indoor dust and associated mechanisms." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Our study used a mouse model of exposure to household dust with various concentrations and species of Ca to determine whether different Ca minerals can reduce bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As in mice and elucidate the mechanism(s) involved." | ( Ca Minerals and Oral Bioavailability of Pb, Cd, and As from Indoor Dust in Mice: Mechanisms and Health Implications. Chen, XQ; Cui, YS; Du, HY; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, LN; Lin, XY; Ma, LQ; Scheckel, KG; Shi, XX; Xue, RY; Xue, XM; Yin, NY; Zhu, YG, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The field experiment study investigated the effect of lime (L), manure compost (M), combination of lime and manure (LM), and combinations of lime with four kinds of passivators (LP1, LP2, LP3, and LP4) on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soil and Cd accumulation in rice plants." | ( Effect of amendments on bioavailability of cadmium in soil-rice system: a field experiment study. Fu, T; He, T; Li, X; Mu, L; Zhang, C, 2023) | 1.36 |
| " Chelators can improve the bioavailability of heavy metals and increase phytoextraction efficiency." | ( Citric Acid and Poly-glutamic Acid Promote the Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Lead in Solanum nigrum L. Grown in Compound Cd-Pb Contaminated Soils. Duan, K; Duan, W; Liu, Y; Lv, C; Quan, L; Shen, Z; Wang, Y; Wei, Z; Xia, Y; Yang, Q; Zhu, Y, 2023) | 1.15 |
| " In order to evaluate the contamination characteristics and bioavailability of Cd in the soil−crop systems from the East edge of the Dongting Lake, four kinds of agricultural products for typical crops (rice, peanut, sweet potato, and corn) and corresponding rhizosphere soils were collected and analyzed for the Cd concentrations." | ( Characteristics and DGT Based Bioavailability of Cadmium in the Soil-Crop Systems from the East Edge of the Dongting Lake, China. Chen, W; Dai, L; Guo, J; Jing, Y; Li, C; Lu, X; Mao, X; Qi, S; Wei, Z; Xiao, K; Yang, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, J, 2022) | 0.98 |
| " The risk assessment code (RAC) analysis showed that Ni and Cd poses higher bioavailability and mitigation potential, and may affect the Ya-Er Lake ecosystem and downstream aquatic environment." | ( Pollution status and risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediment of a historically contaminated lake treated by oxidation pond in China. Cao, M; Chen, L; Liang, Y; Shi, J; Tao, H; Yu, M; Zhang, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We evaluated the bioavailability of theses metals by determining their speciation by sequential extraction, each metal being distributed among five fractions: exchangeable fraction, bound to carbonate fraction, Fe-Mn oxide bound fraction, organic matter bound fraction and residual fractions." | ( Trace element speciation in sludge: a preliminary study to assess contamination levels in the sewage network. Abu Bakar, A; Ali, MM; Ezewudo, BI; Idris, AM; Ishak, DSM; Islam, MS; Ismail, Z; Kabir, MH; Kasiman, EH; Othman, IK; Phoungthong, K; Shahid, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Two seasons of continuous field experiments were conducted in heavily Cd-polluted soil to study how the co-application of LS and Si fertilizer (namely soil-applied Si and foliar-sprayed Si) influences Cd and Si bioavailability in soil and Cd uptake and transport in rice." | ( Co-application of combined amendment (limestone and sepiolite) and Si fertilizer reduces rice Cd uptake and transport through Cd immobilization and Si-Cd antagonism. Gu, J; Liao, B; Liao, Y; Liu, J; Luo, X; Wei, B; Zeng, P; Zhou, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Soil microorganisms also improved Cd bioavailability via C-related functional bacteria." | ( Microplastics promoted cadmium accumulation in maize plants by improving active cadmium and amino acid synthesis. Cao, B; Chen, Y; Li, C; Wang, J; Wang, X; Xu, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, M; Zhao, Y; Zou, G, 2023) | 1.22 |
| "05), indicating that these metals in sediments of WL have higher bioavailability and mobility." | ( Comparative study on metal concentrations in water, sediments, and two fish species (Cyprinus carpio and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) from the Wujiang River, China. Cai, S; Cheng, J; Wang, Q; Xiao, Y; Yan, X; Zeng, B; Zhou, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Most PTEs appeared to mainly associate with a dominant proportion of residual fraction suggesting lower mobility whereas Cd and Mn presented a relative higher exchangeable fraction indicating a great degree of bioavailability and easily ingested by aquatic organism." | ( Chemical speciation and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in surface sediment from the Huaihe River, Anhui Province, China. Hu, Y; Meng, Y; You, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Mechanistic exploration showed that the adsorption of Cd by PVC-MPs was higher than that of sludge-substrate, which reduced the bioavailability of Cd by anaerobes, as evidenced by the increased anaerobes driven carbon flux from solid-phase to bio-methane during anaerobic digestion." | ( Microplastics decrease the toxicity of cadmium to methane production from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Deng, Q; Du, M; Liu, X; Lu, Q; Wang, D; Zhou, W, 2023) | 1.18 |
| "The bioavailability of metal complexes is poorly understood." | ( Role of the luminal composition on intestinal metal toxicity, bioavailability and bioreactivity: An in vitro approach based on the cell line RTgutGC. Black, T; Minghetti, M; Oldham, D; Stewart, TJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We further noted that MPs altered microbial diversity, likely influencing Cd bioavailability in soil-plant systems." | ( Microplastics may increase the environmental risks of Cd via promoting Cd uptake by plants: A meta-analysis. Chen, L; Fang, L; Hu, J; Huang, F; Jiang, H; Luo, Y; Sun, S; Wang, L; Wang, Z; Zeng, Y; Zhang, W, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " On the contrary, As was mainly adsorbed in calcareous soil, and its bioavailability was lower compared with Cd." | ( Temporal distribution and accumulation pattern of cadmium and arsenic in the actual field calcareous soil-maize system, northwest China. Dong, Y; Li, L; Long, S; Nan, Z; Ning, X; Wang, S, 2023) | 1.16 |
| "In this study, distribution of metals in different geochemical forms, their mobility and bioavailability in bulk surface dust samples of Bhiwadi industrial cluster (BIC) in Rajasthan, India, was assessed by modified Community Bureau of Reference (m-BCR) sequential extraction procedure." | ( Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Surface Dust from an Industrial Cluster in India. Verma, A; Yadav, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " SynComs inoculation experiment further demonstrated the role of specific beneficial microbes in regulating the bioavailability of heavy metals." | ( Selenium and Bacillus proteolyticus SES synergistically enhanced ryegrass to remediate Cu-Cd-Cr contaminated soil. Cao, J; Hu, C; Nie, M; Shi, G; Tang, Y; Wang, X; Wu, C; Zhao, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in the rhizosphere makes an important difference in grain Cd accumulation in wheat." | ( Soil properties drive the bacterial community to cadmium contamination in the rhizosphere of two contrasting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Cao, X; Feng, Y; He, Z; Huang, L; Lin, Q; Lu, M; Wang, Q; Yang, X, 2023) | 2.61 |
| " The bioavailability and geochemical fractionation of TMEs were investigated based on single and sequential extraction procedures and the environmental risks were assessed." | ( A double-edged sword: Reductive soil disinfestation changes the fates of trace metal elements in soil. Che, R; Hao, J; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, L; Miao, J; Wang, F; Wang, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The contribution of pH to Cd bioavailability was quantified under three analysis scenarios, accounting for 87." | ( Prediction of cadmium bioavailability in the rice-soil system on a county scale based on the multi-surface speciation model. Chen, C; Hou, J; Liu, Z; Tan, W; Wang, M; Xiong, J; Yang, Z, 2023) | 1.27 |
| " Here, polyethylene and polypropylene MPs were selected to investigate their effects and mechanisms of sorption-desorption, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil." | ( Polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics reduce chemisorption of cadmium in paddy soil and increase its bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Cai, QY; Feng, LN; Feng, NX; Guo, JJ; Li, F; Li, QX; Li, YW; Liu, BL; Meng, C; Mo, CH; Xiang, L; Xiao, HC; Yu, PF; Zhao, HM, 2023) | 1.34 |
| " The bioavailability of most heavy metals accounted for more than 20% of the total concentration." | ( Heavy metals in riverine/estuarine sediments from an aquaculture wetland in metropolitan areas, China: Characterization, bioavailability and probabilistic ecological risk. Gu, YG; Jiang, SJ; Jordan, RW; Li, HS; Liang, RZ; Wang, LG; Wang, YS, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Plant roots absorb Cd due to its high bioavailability through apoplastic and symplastic pathways and translocate it to shoots through the xylem with the help of transporters and then to the edible parts via the phloem." | ( Toxic effects of cadmium on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and phytoremediation strategies: A review. Cheng, H; Huang, J; Li, L; Li, Y; Naveed, S; Nawaz, MF; Qiu, Z; Rahman, SU; Shahzad, SM; Wang, X, 2023) | 1.25 |
| " This might be due to the different ways of administration to rats (oral gavage for MPs and in drinking water for Cd), which might favor the adsorption, in the gastrointestinal tract, of Cd by MPs, which, by exploiting the Trojan horse effect, reduces the bioavailability of Cd." | ( Combined effect of polystyrene microplastics and cadmium on rat blood-testis barrier integrity and sperm quality. Hassine, MBH; Messaoudi, I; Minucci, S; Rhouma, MB; Venditti, M, 2023) | 1.16 |
| " Geochemical distribution of metals in different forms and their mobility and bioavailability in topsoils of Bhiwadi Industrial Cluster (BIC) near New Delhi are studies following m-BCR-SEP." | ( Geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, ecological and human health risk assessment of metals in topsoils of an emerging industrial cluster near New Delhi. Kumar, R; Verma, A; Yadav, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " SAR aging significantly increased Cd bioavailability by 27." | ( Activation of endogenous cadmium from biochar under simulated acid rain enhances the accumulation risk of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Cheng, J; Cui, H; Shen, L; Zheng, X; Zhou, J, 2023) | 1.21 |
| " After saltwater inundation, the bioavailability of heavy metals decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Pb." | ( Impacts of periodic saltwater inundation on heavy metals in soils from the Pearl River Delta, China. Hou, Q; Sheng, W; Yang, Z; Yu, T, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The overall observation suggests that exposure to increasing UV radiation increased the lability, mobility, and bioavailability of M-DHM complexes in aquatic environments." | ( Investigating the combined effects of pH changes and UV radiation exposure on dissolved metal-humate complexes: an important process in aquatic systems. Chakraborty, P; Chakraborty, S; Hudson, J; Manek, A; Niyogi, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " A 2% application rate was found to be more effective in reducing both Cd bioavailability and Cd in grain." | ( Effect of Organic Amendments on Cadmium Bioavailability in Soil and its Accumulation in Rice Grain. Hoque, S; Hossain, MZ; Islam, MA; Kibria, KQ, 2023) | 1.19 |
| " The correlation analysis also indicates that Saccharimonadales, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, and other bacteria with the function of reducing the bioavailability of cadmium in soil reveal a considerable positive correlation with the variations of physical and chemical properties." | ( Influences of biochar with selenite on bacterial community in soil and Cd in peanut. Ai, L; Chen, S; Ma, B; Shao, S; Zhang, L, 2023) | 1.11 |
| "There is concern that microplastics can act as a vector for cadmium (Cd), altering the bioavailability and subsequent toxicity of Cd to ecologically important species such as Daphnia magna." | ( Effects of Exposure to Cadmium, Microplastics, and Their Mixture on Survival, Growth, Feeding, and Life History of Daphnia magna. Pyle, GG; Shearer, AY; Wiseman, S; Zink, L, 2023) | 1.46 |
| " Consequently, Cd distribution in the coastal waters of Vietnam should be strongly controlled in relation with predicted risk of climate change that may further significantly increased Cd bioavailability for habitants of coral reefs." | ( Spatial variation of cadmium concentration in the bivalve Beguina semiorbiculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from coastal coral reefs of Vietnam. Kavun, VY; Podgurskaya, OV, 2023) | 1.23 |
| " Results revealed that residual fractions (F4) were the dominant forms for Cr and Ni in surface sediments, indicating that they were primarily stable in nature and had low bioavailability and ecotoxicity." | ( Spatial and Temporal Variations and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Fractions in Sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China. Chen, J; Gao, L; Gopalakrishnan, G; Jin, G; Li, R; Li, S; Liang, Z; Onodera, SI; Saito, M; Shimizu, Y; Ye, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Microplastics (MPs) that enter the soil can alter the physicochemical and biochemical properties of soil and affect speciation of heavy metals (HMs), thereby perturbing the bioavailability of HMs." | ( Polyethylene and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)-based biodegradable microplastics modulate the bioavailability and speciation of Cd and As in soil: Insights into transformation mechanisms. Chen, B; Gao, Q; He, S; Li, C; Li, Y; Shi, Y; Sun, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhao, P; Zhao, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Several mitigation strategies and accurate health risk assessments model of HMs based on bioavailability were also proposed and recommended." | ( Heavy metal(loid)s in agriculture soils, rice, and wheat across China: Status assessment and spatiotemporal analysis. Gu, RH; Ma, LQ; Tang, GY; Wang, CC; Xiang, P; Yan, CA; Zhang, MY; Zhang, QC, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The aims of the study were to assess the mobility and bioavailability of metals in soils to plants, and to estimate the ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal content in soils." | ( Mobility, bioaccumulation in plants, and risk assessment of metals in soils. Baran, A; Bubak, A; Wieczorek, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The current study examined the role of exogenously applied low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) including oxalic acid (OxA), tartaric acid (TA) and high molecular weight organic acids (HMWOAs) like citric acid (CA) and humic acid (HA) for the bioavailability of Cd in wheat-rice cropping system." | ( Exogenous application of low and high molecular weight organic acids differentially affected the uptake of cadmium in wheat-rice cropping system in alkaline calcareous soil. Ahmad, Z; Alharby, HF; Alshamrani, R; Azhar, M; Bamagoos, AA; Bani Mfarrej, MF; Rizwan, M; Usman, M; Zia-Ur-Rehman, M, 2023) | 1.12 |
| " For this purpose, the ecological risk benchmarks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated on Eucalyptus forest plantation in order to gauge their bioavailability in the rhizospheric layer of Typic Torripsammentsoil and their accretion capacity in the biosphere." | ( Ecotoxicological monitoring of potentially toxic elements contamination in Eucalyptus forest plantation subjected to long-term irrigation with recycled wastewater. Hawamdeh, OA; Mosa, A; Rady, M; Taha, AA, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Crop uptake of Cd was influenced by bioavailability of soil Cd, and soil environmental factors regulated the bioavailable Cd." | ( Migration and transformation of Cd in four crop rotation systems and their potential for remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland in southern China. Li, X; Liao, X; Liu, Q; Tang, L; Wang, L; Xiao, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhao, F, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Besides, special taxa (Bradyyrhizobium and Thermodesulfovibrio) involved in sulfate/sulfur ion generation and nitrate/nitrite reduction pathway were observably enriched, which effectively reduced the soil Cd bioavailability through adsorption and co-precipitation." | ( Microbiological mechanism for "production while remediating" in Cd-contaminated paddy fields: A field experiment. Deng, X; Duan, D; Gu, J; Guo, F; Liang, H; Lin, L; Lin, Z; Muhammad, R; Sun, W; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, J; Zhong, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability." | ( A comprehensive approach to quantify the source identification and human health risk assessment of toxic elements in park dust. Cai, LM; Chen, LG; Hu, GC; Huang, CC; Jie, L; Mei, JX; Wang, HZ; Xu, XB; Xu, YH, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, changes in soil properties and management could change the bioavailability of Cd, In order to explore the occurrence state, transportation and transformation characteristics of heavy metals Cd and Zn in rice-rape rotation system in Guizhou karst area with high background value of Cd." | ( Transfer and transformation characteristics of Zn and Cd in soil-rotation plant (Brassica napus L and Oryza sativa L) system and its influencing factors. Deng, T; Fang, H; Li, X; Lin, C; Liu, J; Wang, D; Wei, F; Xiao, X; Yan, Q, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Moreover, trace metal bioavailability was high in front of industrial discharge areas." | ( Assessment of trace elements and fluoride originating from phosphogypsum in the sediment of Gulf of Gabes (southeastern Tunisia): what are the potential sources of accumulation and bioavailability? Aleya, L; Amri, S; Brik, B; Dahim, MA; Martins, MVA; Oueslati, W; Trabelsi, L; Zaaboub, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The bioavailability of trace metals in soils poses a major threat to the environment, especially with massive mineral fertilizers added to increase plant yield." | ( Immobilization of Cr Emran, M; Gispert, M; Khedr, M; Rashad, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " By altering bacterial community structure, reducing Cd bioavailability and improving the chemical properties of the compost, the combined inorganic passivator could achieve high efficiency for Cd passivation." | ( A combined passivator of zeolite and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: Passivation behavior and mechanism for Cd (II) in composting. Jiang, W; Li, D; Liu, Z; Luo, J; Yang, J; Yang, L; Ye, Y; Zhou, X, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Both MPs decreased the available phosphorus content and bioavailability of cadmium in a similar way, while they changed the soil pH and nitrogen species in a different manner." | ( Different effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on the amelioration process of cadmium-contaminated soil. Cai, L; Li, G; Liu, Y, 2023) | 1.36 |
| " This study primarily discusses the effect of exogenous S addition on the bioavailability of Cd in paddy soil under unsteady pe + pH conditions." | ( Low pe+pH inhibits Cd transfer from paddy soil to rice tissues driven by S addition. Chen, S; Qin, L; Sun, X; Wang, J; Wang, M; Yu, L; Zhou, W, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Among all the HMs targeted, Cd had relatively high bioavailability of up to 36." | ( Soil heavy metal(loid) pollution and health risk assessment of farmlands developed on two different terrains on the Tibetan Plateau, China. Cheng, H; Wang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Cr, Cd and Pb showed higher affinity to the residual fraction and occluded in the oxide fraction, which decreased the bioavailability factor (BF) (<1% BF-Cr, 21% BF-Cd and 9% BF-Pb) compared to the control treatment (46% BF-Cr, 47% BF-Cd and 80% BF-Pb)." | ( Investigation of heavy metal and micro-macro element speciation in biomass ash enriched sewage sludge compost. Banu Sasmaz, Z; Caner, C; Dede, C; Dede, G; Ozdemir, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Previous studies have primarily focused on heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of sulfide tailings, while little attention was given to metal mobility and bioavailability within skarn-type tailings profile during weathering." | ( Geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and ecological risk of metallic elements in the weathering profiles of typical skarn-type copper tailings from Tongling, China. Gao, B; Guan, DX; Jiang, S; Li, Y; Liu, B; Song, X; Wang, B; Zhou, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The soil application of these treatments reduced the Cd toxicity by enhancing Cd-tolerance index, decreasing bioavailability of soil Cd, reducing Cd contents and translocation in plants, improving gaseous exchange, photosynthesis, and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and their transcriptions." | ( Mitigating Cd and bacterial wilt stress in tomato plants through trico-synthesized silicon nanoparticles and Trichoderma metabolites. Ahmad, A; Alam, SS; Ali, A; Khan, RAA; Najeeb, S; Shakoor, A; Tong, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Interestingly, the simultaneous use of both pollutants produced the same effects as Cd and MPs alone, probably due to reduced bioavailability of this heavy metal." | ( Combined toxic effects of cadmium and environmental microplastics in Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Abbassi, A; Banni, M; Casado, M; Kessabi, K; Lahmar, S; Messaoudi, I; Piña, B, 2023) | 1.21 |
| " Soil Eh was the critical factor in the bioavailability of cadmium, while the behavior of arsenic in rhizosphere was associated with the iron cycle." | ( A combined strategy to mitigate the accumulation of arsenic and cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Han, R; Hao, Y; Li, G; Nriagu, J; Sun, G; Teng, HH; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Xiao, Z, 2023) | 1.39 |
| " Here, we critically reviewed (i) the processes and transfer proteins of Cd uptake/transport in the soil-rice system, (ii) a series of soil and other environmental factors affecting the bioavailability of Cd in paddies, and (iii) the latest advances in regard to remediation strategies while producing rice." | ( Exploring the mechanism of Cd uptake and translocation in rice: Future perspectives of rice safety. Chen, Y; Jing, H; Wu, P; Yang, L; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhao, Z; Zhou, H; Zia-Ur-Rehman, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "A field experiment was conducted in a lightly Cd-contaminated rice field in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, to study the effects of straw removal measures on the soil Cd bioavailability and rice Cd accumulation." | ( [Effects of Straw Removal Measure on Soil Cd Bioavailability and Rice Cd Accumulation]. Gu, JF; Jiang, Y; Liao, BH; Tan, WT; Tang, Q; Wang, ZY; Wu, GF; Zeng, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, KH, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The present study compared soils affected by different industrial activities in three types of industrial cities (coal city, oil-gas city, and economic city) to control samples and examined the ecological risk based on bioavailability in the Middle Yellow River Basin." | ( Impact of different industrial activities on heavy metals in floodplain soil and ecological risk assessment based on bioavailability: A case study from the Middle Yellow River Basin, northern China. Bai, J; Dai, S; Hu, Q; Liu, D; Liu, F; Nazir, N; Wang, X; Zhao, L; Zhou, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Salt increased Cd bioavailability due to the rhizosphere acidification effect, increasing plants' Cd accumulation." | ( NaCl-mediated strategies for the trade-off between Cd bioconcentration and translocation in Solanum nigrum L. Ju, C; Ma, F; Wang, L; You, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The bioavailability of Cu, Zn, and Cd rather than Pb in the slag increased as the particle size decreased." | ( Effect of simulated root exudates on the distribution, bioavailability, and fractionation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in various particle size fractions of zinc smelting slag: Implication of direct revegetation. Luo, Y; Wu, Y; Xing, R, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "In this study, the pollution and bioavailability of heavy metals in the sediments of Anzali Wetland were measured by analyzing data from sequential chemical extraction of sediments, risk assessment code (RAC), and sediment pollution indices." | ( Investigating heavy metal pollution in Anzali coastal wetland sediments: A statistical approach to source identification. Karbassi, A; Sadrinasab, M; Sarang, A; Zarei, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The metal/shell-weight index informs on the bioavailability of trace metals." | ( A first study on the bioaccumulation of trace metals in Rhyssoplax olivacea (Mediterranean Polyplacophora). Bouchikhi-Tani, Z; Mesli, N; Richir, J; Rouane-Hacene, O, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Hydrogels can easily combine with Cd, thereby altering its bioavailability in soil." | ( Hydrogel-potassium humate composite alleviates cadmium toxicity of tobacco by regulating Cd bioavailability. Chang, J; Gao, Z; Ji, X; Jia, H; Lai, M; Wei, Y; Xia, M; Yang, X; Zhao, H, 2023) | 1.17 |
| " Overall, the addition of PBC effectively improved soil nutrients, porosity, and water-holding capacity, promoted plant growth, immobilized Pb and Cd, as well as reduced the bioavailability in contaminated-soil from mining areas." | ( Simultaneous enhancement of soil properties along with water-holding and restriction of Pb-Cd mobility in a soil-plant system by the addition of a phosphorus-modified biochar to the soil. An, SY; Han, F; Liu, L; Ma, LQ; Wang, Y; Yang, L, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "6%, which is relevant from the (eco)toxicological point of view due to the high environmental mobility and bioavailability of this valence state." | ( Distribution of Inorganic Contaminants Along the Coast of Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay. Antelo, E; Iaquinta, F; Machado, I, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Although the soil Cd content in these regions is extremely high, the bioavailability of Cd in the soils differs significantly." | ( Cadmium accumulation in paddy soils affected by geological weathering and mining: Spatial distribution patterns, bioaccumulation prediction, and safe land usage. Huang, Q; Jiang, Z; Li, B; Li, C; Li, T; Lin, K; Liu, X; Ma, X; Yang, Y; Yang, Z; Yu, T, 2023) | 2.35 |
| " This study was conducted to investigate the remediation effects of blast furnace slag (BFS) on the bioavailability of Cd in a contaminated paddy soil from a perspective of soil solution chemistry." | ( Effects of blast furnace slag on the immobilization, plant uptake and translocation of Cd in a contaminated paddy soil. Chen, A; Han, Y; Liu, M; Wang, Y; Xu, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The complexation of MPs and Cd enhanced the bioavailability of Cd, while the combination of MPs and Cd exerted synergistic effect." | ( Synergistic effect of PS-MPs and Cd on male reproductive toxicity: Ferroptosis via Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Feng, X; Hu, L; Lan, Y; Wang, M; Xu, H; Yuan, H, 2024) | 1.44 |
| " The current findings provided an insight that 2% chemically S-modified biochar (CSB) has significant potential to improve the tomato growth by reducing Pb bioavailability in the Pb-contaminated soil, compared to the S alone and MSB amendments." | ( Chemical and mechanical coating of sulfur on baby corn biochar and their role in soil Pb availability, uptake, and growth of tomato under Pb contamination. Ali, S; Chen, F; Elshikh, MS; Hua, Z; Kamran, M; Ma, J; Malik, Z; Noreen, S; Riaz, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The impact of different cooking methods on the bioavailability of Zn and Cd in the edible shellfish tissues was analyzed, and the human health risk of Zn and Cd was evaluated." | ( Bioavailability and health risk assessment of Zn and Cd in edible tissues of two typical shellfish species using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Gu, YG; Jiang, SJ; Jordan, RW; Wang, XN; Wang, ZH, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Poor plant growth and low pollutant bioavailability in contaminated soils limit phytoremediation efficiency." | ( Piriformospora indica colonization enhances remediation of cadmium and chromium co-contaminated soils by king grass through plant growth promotion and rhizosphere microecological regulation. An, Q; Li, D; Lin, L; Wu, W; Xie, C; Zhang, H; Zhang, K; Zhang, X; Zhu, Z, 2024) | 1.69 |
| " The substantial improvement in Cd bioavailability facilitated by MPs in rhizosphere soil, especially in high concentrations of MPs, then elevated bioavailability of Cd contributed to promoted Cd accumulation in plants, with distinct effects depending on the type and concentration of MPs." | ( Assessing stress responses in potherb mustard (Brassica juncea var. multiceps) exposed to a synergy of microplastics and cadmium: Insights from physiology, oxidative damage, and metabolomics. Li, J; Lian, Y; Liu, J; Liu, W; Mo, F; Shi, R; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Yu, M; Zeb, A; Zheng, Z, 2024) | 1.65 |
| " Furthermore, on the basis of considering the bioavailability of HMs, we evaluated the multiple environmental routes and health risks to HMs in children and teenagers of eight age groups (2-<3, 3-<4, 4-<5, 5-<6, 6-<9, 9-<12, 12-<15, and 15-<18) in Beijing, China by Monte Carlo simulation approach." | ( Bioavailability-based risk assessment of various heavy metals via multi-exposure routes for children and teenagers in Beijing, China. Cai, J; Cen, K; Du, Z; Mu, Y; Song, Z; Tian, Z; Wei, J; Yin, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "17) in tea plantations, affecting heavy metals bioavailability thereby the transfer to tea leaves." | ( Transfer of heavy metals from soil to tea and the potential human health risk in a regional high geochemical background area in southwest China. Bi, J; Ju, Y; Liu, C; Liu, X; Luo, Z, 2024) | 1.44 |
| " Application of biofertilizer significantly increased the heavy metal bioavailability and the activities of soil enzymes." | ( Influence of biofertilizer on heavy metal bioremediation and enzyme activities in the soil to revealing the potential for sustainable soil restoration. Awadelkareem, W; Haroun, M; Qian, X; Wang, J; Xie, S, 2023) | 0.91 |
Cadmium had accumulated in the tissues according to dosage and sex. A highly significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for both transgenes with increasing cadmium concentrations (5-100 microg/ml)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " A dose-response relationship was noted between blood cadmium level and symptom prevalence in four symptoms (dyspnea, chest pain, dysuria, and dizziness)." | ( Subacute cadmium intoxication in jewelry workers: an evaluation of diagnostic procedures. Baker, EL; Coleman, C; Holtz, JL; Landrigan, PJ; Peterson, WA, ) | 0.8 |
| " When cadmium concentration in rice is taken as an index, a dose-response relationship is not necessarity explicit in the observations by prefecture." | ( Recent results of health examinations on the general population in cadmium-polluted and control areas in Japan. Minowa, M; Miyamoto, K; Shigematsu, I; Yoshida, T, 1979) | 0.98 |
| "The effects of dosage and of cadmium pretreatment on the binding of cadmium in rat bile were studied." | ( Effects of dosage and cadmium pretreatment on the binding of cadmium in rat bile. Cikrt, M; Havrdová, J, 1979) | 0.87 |
| " Dosing rats with selenium and cadmium or inclusion of Se or Cd in the diet did not result in altered cadmium binding in tissues, raising some questions concerning the environmental significance of these injection experiments." | ( Cadmium effects in rats on tissue iron, selenium, and blood pressure; blood and hair cadmium in some oregon residents. Whanger, PD, 1979) | 1.99 |
| " A dose-response relationship between amount of cadmium ingested and degree of perturbation of zinc metabolism in liver was found." | ( Some effects of oral ingestion of cadmium on zinc, copper, and iron metabolism. Choudhury, H; Petering, HG; Stemmer, KL, 1979) | 0.79 |
| " The equivalence of CHO and CdR in dose-response in terms of stimulated RNA synthesis and their disparity in dose-response in terms of cytotoxic effects indicate that the systems involved in conferring protection against the lethal effects of Cd2+ are not similarly involved in attenuating the effects on RNA metabolism." | ( Cadmium-induced alterations in RNA metabolism in cultures of Chinese hamster cells sensitive to and resistant to the cytotoxic effects of cadmium. Campbell, EW; Enger, MD; Hildebrand, CE; Kissane, RJ; Ratliff, RL; Tobey, RA, 1979) | 1.7 |
| " Excretion of cadmium in the urine increased directly with dosage and the increase was most significant when kidney damage had probably occurred." | ( The tissue disposition and urinary excretion of cadmium, zinc, copper and iron, following repeated parenteral administration of cadmium to rats. Bonner, FW; King, LJ; Parke, DV, 1979) | 0.88 |
| " growth inhibition of cultured cells, and additional a two-peaked dose-response curve was found with cadmium." | ( 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay evaluated with fluoride and cadmium. Holland, RI, 1978) | 0.72 |
| " Both copper and cadmium from the injected proteins accumulated in the kidneys as metallothionein, but there was no increase in renal zinc concentrations in the rats dosed with zinc-thionein." | ( Metabolism of 35S-labelled copper-, zinc-and cadmium-thionein in the rat. Bremner, I; Davies, NT; Hoekstra, WG; Young, BW, 1978) | 0.86 |
| " In a combination of two metal salts, the dose of one metal of the pair was fixed at or near the no-effect level while the dose of the second metal was increased until the entire dose-response curve was obtained." | ( Combined effects in toxicology--a rapid systematic testing procedure: cadmium, mercury, and lead. Riley, EJ; Schubert, J; Tyler, SA, ) | 0.37 |
| "Cadmium in the liver and kidney increased with the dosage of this injection." | ( Zinc distribution and metallothionein in the liver and kidney of mice treated with cadmium. Sugawara, N, 1978) | 1.93 |
| " The fed animals have been killed at definite times all along the experiment and the metals dosed in the body." | ( [Determination of various toxic minerals in spiruline algae of different origins, and evaluation of long-term toxicity in the rat of a lot of spiruline algae of Mexican origin]. Boudène, C; Collas, E; Jenkins, C, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " 109Cd was only detected in blood 48 hours after dosing and more than 75% of radioactivity in the blood occurred in plasma." | ( Cadmium and the laying hen: apparent absorption, tissue distribution and virtual absence of transfer into eggs. Sell, JL, 1975) | 1.7 |
| " Quantitative dose-response data can be derived from a risk model based on metabolic parameters and observed relationships between cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the occurrence of proteinuria in industrial workers." | ( Application of the 'critical effect' and 'critical concentration' concept to human risk assessment for cadmium. Nordberg, GF, 1992) | 0.7 |
| "Two epidemiological studies aimed at investigating the dose-response relationship of environmental cadmium exposure were performed in a population living in the Kakehashi River basin, a cadmium-polluted area in Japan." | ( Dose-response relationship for renal dysfunction in a population environmentally exposed to cadmium. Kido, T; Nogawa, K; Shaikh, ZA, 1992) | 0.72 |
| " According to the dose-response relationship, an increase in low molecular weight protein excretion in urine can be expected in 10% of subjects at an integrated exposure index of about 300 micrograms/l x years of exposure." | ( Integrated index of occupational exposure to cadmium as a predictor of kidney dysfunction. Halatek, T; Jakubowski, M; Razniewska, G; Trzcinka-Ochocka, M, 1992) | 0.54 |
| " The following questions are discussed: (1) Do the renal changes caused by cadmium result in both glomerular and tubular dysfunction? (2) What is the fate of these renal changes? (3) What is the relationship between renal changes and osteomalacia? (4) Is there a dose-response relationship between cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction? (5) What is the solution to the enigma of cadmium and respiratory cancer? Although innumerable papers have been published, the above questions remain unanswered." | ( Health effects of cadmium with special reference to studies in Japan. Tsuchiya, K, 1992) | 0.85 |
| " Methodological problems in the interpretation of these studies include: (i) the assessment of exposure to cadmium; (ii) the dose-response relationship between indicators of cadmium exposure and cancer risk; (iii) concomitant exposure to occupational carcinogens, mainly nickel and arsenic; (iv) confounding by non-occupational risk factors, such as smoking and diet; and (v) interaction between cadmium and other exposures." | ( Methodological aspects of the epidemiological association between cadmium and cancer in humans. Boffetta, P, 1992) | 0.73 |
| " There is, however, evidence of an increased mortality from lung cancer and, in at least two of the studies, of a dose-response relationship, but interpretation of these studies with regard to the role of cadmium is complicated by concurrent exposure to other known or suspected carcinogens, including arsenic, nickel, beryllium, chromium and heated mineral oils." | ( Is cadmium a human carcinogen? Blanks, RG; Kazantzis, G; Sullivan, KR, 1992) | 1.09 |
| " The findings were analysed using a life-table analysis to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and various functional forms of Poisson and Cox proportionate hazards models to examine dose-response relationships." | ( A quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk and occupational cadmium exposure. Lemen, R; Schnorr, T; Smith, R; Stayner, L; Thun, M, 1992) | 0.52 |
| ", exponential, power, additive relative rate, and linear) of Poisson and Cox proportional hazards models to examine the dose-response relationship." | ( A dose-response analysis and quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk and occupational cadmium exposure. Lemen, R; Schnorr, T; Smith, R; Stayner, L; Thun, M, 1992) | 0.5 |
| " The following review explores this broad topic, with special emphasis on toxicological principles including dose-response relationships and potential mechanisms, using cadmium as an example." | ( Toxicological principles of metal carcinogenesis with special emphasis on cadmium. Barter, RA; Coogan, TP; Waalkes, MP, 1992) | 0.71 |
| " A dose-response increase in MT produced by CdCl2 indicated a biphasic response, with low doses producing relatively more hepatic MT than higher doses." | ( Induction of metallothionein by cadmium-metallothionein in rat liver: a proposed mechanism. Klaassen, CD; Liu, J; Liu, YP; McKim, JM, 1992) | 0.57 |
| " Addition of the muscarinic antagonists atropine or pirenzepine shifted the carbachol dose-response curves to the right, without decreasing the carbachol maximal stimulatory effects." | ( Effects of muscarinic agonists and depolarizing agents on inositol monophosphate accumulation in the rabbit vagus nerve. Dunant, Y; Sierro, CD; Vitus, J, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Highly significant dose-response relationships for all of the urinary protein tests, including fractional clearances, were found." | ( Chronic renal effects in three studies of men and women occupationally exposed to cadmium. Hammel, RR; Klincewicz, SL; MacNeil, ML; Mueller, PW; Paschal, DC; Spierto, B; Steinberg, KK, 1992) | 0.51 |
| " The dose-response relationship to Str in four oocytes displayed a mean K0." | ( Voltage dependence of current through the Na,K-exchange pump of Rana oocytes. Civan, MM; Wu, MM, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " The dose-response curve for inhibition of the GABA response by Zn is shifted to the right at a high GABA concentration but is unaffected by the presence of chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, or 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one." | ( Negative modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid response by extracellular zinc. Celentano, JJ; Farb, DH; Gibbs, TT; Gyenes, M, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Analysis of tissue Cd burdens demonstrated a dose-response Cd accumulation in liver and kidney, but only kidney burdens increased substantially with prolonged Cd exposure." | ( Detection of cadmium exposure in rats by induction of lymphocyte metallothionein gene expression. Cosma, GN; Currie, D; Garte, SJ; Snyder, CA; Squibb, KS, 1991) | 0.65 |
| " From the food and the dosed emission, the daily intake was 466." | ( Mineral profile of serum in experimental copper intoxication of sheep from industrial emissions. Bires, J; Kovac, G; Vrzgula, L, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "Cadmium dosing experiments were carried out with the freshwater clam Unio pictorum in flow-through micro-streams in order to obtain additional information on the kinetics of cadmium accumulation and elimination." | ( Cadmium kinetics in freshwater clams (Unionidae) under field and laboratory conditions. Hemelraad, J; Jenner, HA; Marquenie, JM; Noppert, F, 1991) | 3.17 |
| " Dose-response depression in both hCG- and db-cAMP-stimulated T production were seen with Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ treatment." | ( Effect of cadmium and other metal cations on in vitro Leydig cell testosterone production. Laskey, JW; Phelps, PV, 1991) | 0.68 |
| "The dose-response relationship between cadmium (Cd) exposure and renal dysfunction, as measured by urinary Cd and metallothoinein (MT), was evaluated in a population living in the Kakehashi River basin, a Cd-polluted area in Japan." | ( Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and metallothionein in a Japanese population environmentally exposed to cadmium. Honda, R; Kido, T; Kito, H; Nogawa, K; Shaikh, ZA, 1991) | 0.81 |
| "An epidemiological study to examine the dose-response relationship for environmental cadmium exposure was performed in 1843 cadmium-exposed and 240 non-exposed inhabitants of the Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa, Japan." | ( Dose-response relationship between dietary cadmium intake and metallothioneinuria in a population from a cadmium-polluted area of Japan. Honda, R; Kido, T; Kito, H; Nogawa, K; Shaikh, ZA, 1991) | 0.77 |
| " Dose-response curves for Cd2+ and Ni2+ block of both sustained and transient currents had shallow slopes suggesting that the block was more complex than a simple bimolecular interaction between blocker and one blocking site." | ( Multiple components of both transient and sustained barium currents in a rat dorsal root ganglion cell line. Boland, LM; Dingledine, R, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The GABA log dose-response curve constructed with foetal or adult cultured neurones was reduced in a non-competitive manner by zinc." | ( Differential effect of zinc on the vertebrate GABAA-receptor complex. Constanti, A; Smart, TG, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The reductions caused by MEDMS and EEDMS were approximately 20 and 26%, respectively, whereas under similar dosage regimens BAL effected about only a 12% reduction." | ( The mobilization of intracellular cadmium by alkoxyethyl esters of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Atkins, LM; Gale, GR; Jones, MM; Singh, PK; Smith, AB, 1990) | 0.56 |
| " The selection of these chelating agents for synthesis was suggested by an analysis of the log dose-response curves for the mobilization of renal cadmium by previously studied dithiocarbamates." | ( Selective removal of cadmium from aged hepatic and renal deposits: N-substituted talooctamine dithiocarbamates as cadmium mobilizing agents. Atkins, LM; Gale, GR; Jones, MM; Jones, SG; Singh, PK; Smith, AB, 1990) | 0.8 |
| " Maternal injection of a teratogenic dosage of Cd (50 mumol Cd/kg body wt) did not induce MT mRNA in day 10 (D10) CD-1 mouse embryos, whereas zinc (Zn) (50 mumol/kg was an effective inducer." | ( Cadmium teratogenicity and its relationship with metallothionein gene expression in midgestation mouse embryos. Andrews, GK; De, SK; Dey, SK, 1990) | 1.72 |
| "A number of dosing regimens was assessed to determine the optimum schedule of administration of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine (MeOBDCG) in depleting whole-body, renal and hepatic levels of metallothionein-bound cadmium (Cd) in mice." | ( Schedule dependency of a cadmium-complexing dithiocarbamate analog in mice. Atkins, LM; Gale, GR; Jones, MM; Singh, PK; Smith, AB, 1990) | 0.77 |
| "44 x 10(-5) M) produced a significant rightward shift of the dose-response curve with a depression of maxima." | ( Effect of cadmium on contractile response to spasmogens in vascular and nonvascular tissues. Balaraman, R; Gulati, OD; Rathod, SP, 1990) | 0.68 |
| " The results indicate that cadmium induces a significant inhibition of lindane metabolism, since the group dosed with lindane plus cadmium had a significantly higher concentration of lindane in plasma and tissues than the group dosed with lindane alone." | ( Effect of repeated exposure to lindane and cadmium on lindane metabolism in rats. Anand, M; Gopal, K; Gupta, GS; Khanna, RN; Ray, PK; Varma, N, 1988) | 0.83 |
| " Dose-response curves for norepinephrine and methacholine were obtained." | ( Effects of cadmium on the function and structure of the rat salivary glands. Chiarenza, A; Elverdin, JC; Espinal, E; Giglio, MJ, 1989) | 0.67 |
| " A dose-response relationship was found between NAG and cadmium and between AAP and cadmium." | ( Chronic renal tubular effects in relation to urine cadmium levels. Mueller, PW; Smith, SJ; Steinberg, KK; Thun, MJ, 1989) | 0.78 |
| "An epidemiological study on the dose-response relationship of cadmium was performed on 1850 Cd-exposed and 294 nonexposed inhabitants of the Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa Prefecture." | ( A dose-response analysis of cadmium in the general environment with special reference to total cadmium intake limit. Honda, R; Ishizaki, M; Kido, T; Nogawa, K; Tsuritani, I; Yamada, Y; Yamaya, H, 1989) | 0.81 |
| "This study was carried out to test the dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium (Cd) and beta 2-microglobulin(beta 2-mg) and also to estimate the biological threshold value of urinary Cd concentration in inhabitants exposed to environmental Cd." | ( Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and beta 2-microglobulin in a Japanese environmentally cadmium exposed population. Honda, R; Ishizaki, M; Kido, T; Nakagawa, H; Nogawa, K; Tsuritani, I; Yamada, Y, 1989) | 0.77 |
| " A dose-response profile of phosphorus content in the lavage fluid, which might indicate amount of surfactant produced by Type II cells was similar to that observed for beta-glucuronidase in CdO-treated rats." | ( Toxicity of cadmium oxide instilled into the rat lung. II. Inflammatory responses in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Higo, S; Hirano, S; Suzuki, KT; Tsukamoto, N, 1989) | 0.66 |
| " The contents of cholesterol and heavy metals were in ranges which can be regarded as negligible; the content of vitamin A in menhaden oils, however, was found in amounts which warrant that pregnant women do not exceed the dosage as recommended by the manufacturers." | ( [Contaminating substances in 22 over-the-counter fish oil and cod liver oil preparations: cholesterol, heavy metals and vitamin A]. Baum, H; Biesalski, HK; Klein, B; Koller, H; Luley, C, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "Previous studies have shown that the disposition of cadmium (Cd) following oral administration is dosage dependent and may possibly be due to dosage-dependent intestinal absorption of Cd." | ( Dosage-dependent absorption of cadmium in the rat intestine measured in situ. Goon, D; Klaassen, CD, 1989) | 0.81 |
| "Quantitative changes in the urinary excretion patterns of low molecular weight compounds were followed for up to 30 days after dosing of adult Sprague-Dawley rats with single intraperitoneal injections of CdCl2 (6-24 mumol/kg), using high resolution 1H NMR multicomponent urinalysis." | ( Quantitative high resolution 1H NMR urinalysis studies on the biochemical effects of cadmium in the rat. Higham, DP; Nicholson, JK; Sadler, PJ; Timbrell, JA, 1989) | 0.5 |
| "6 mmol/kg, a value which allows it to be given at a higher dosage than other known lipid-soluble dithiols." | ( Mobilization of aged in vivo cadmium deposits by diethyl dimercaptosuccinate. Gale, GR; Jones, MM; Jones, SG; Singh, PK, 1988) | 0.57 |
| " A dose-response study was made of the mobilization of cadmium from the liver and kidney of cadmium-loaded mice by NaB; this showed that NaB is one of the most effective cadmium mobilizing agents developed to date." | ( Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and sodium N-benzyl-N-dithiocarboxy-D-glucamine as antagonists for cadmium intoxication. Basinger, MA; Gale, GR; Holscher, MA; Jones, MM; Jones, SG; Topping, RJ, 1988) | 0.74 |
| " There was also a dose-response relationship between the amount of tobacco smoked by the mother and the PbB level of the child." | ( Relation between lead and cadmium in blood and the involuntary smoking of children. Attewell, R; Schütz, A; Skerfving, S; Willers, S, 1988) | 0.58 |
| " In adult female mice, accumulation was dependent on the dosage level of cadmium and related to the concentration of this metal in liver." | ( Age-dependent variation for inducibility of metallothionein genes in mouse liver by cadmium. Huang, PC; Morris, S; Thomas, DJ, 1988) | 0.73 |
| " Forty workers had evidence of tubular proteinuria and a clear dose-response relationship was found for each of the dose estimates." | ( Cumulative blood-cadmium and tubular proteinuria: a dose-response relationship. Elinder, CG; Järup, L; Spång, G, 1988) | 0.61 |
| " Dose-response curves, using clonal and cell count assays, show that the dose levels required to produce inhibition of growth to 50% and 90% of control, respectively, of ADR for Cdr cells (19." | ( Metallothionein induction and deinduction in human prostatic carcinoma cells: relationship with resistance and sensitivity to adriamycin. James, GT; Rehman, SM; Webber, MM, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Carcinogenic dose-response effects of CdCl2 in male Wistar [Crl:(WI)BR] rats were studied over a 2-year period." | ( Cadmium carcinogenesis in male Wistar [Crl:(WI)BR] rats: dose-response analysis of tumor induction in the prostate and testes and at the injection site. Balaschak, MS; Bare, RM; Devor, DE; Henneman, JR; Poirier, LA; Rehm, S; Riggs, CW; Waalkes, MP; Wenk, ML, 1988) | 1.72 |
| " However, comparable dose-response curves in mutant and control cells are generated when mouse metallothionein-I mRNA concentrations are measured in cells exposed to varying concentrations of cadmium or copper (metallothionein inducers)." | ( Metallothionein messenger RNA regulation in the mottled mouse and Menkes kinky hair syndrome. Karin, M; O'Toole, C; Packman, S; Palmiter, RD, 1987) | 0.46 |
| "In rats of the present (re-derived) Wistar-Porton strain that are dosed either intravenously (i." | ( Teratogenicity of ionic cadmium in the Wistar rat. Holt, D; Webb, M, 1987) | 0.58 |
| " In animals that are dosed simultaneously with 5 mmol cysteine/kg body wt, renal uptake of 109Cd is known to occur in the straight segments of the proximal tubules." | ( The effect of L-cysteine on the portion-selective uptake of cadmium in the renal proximal tubule. Murakami, M; Sano, K; Webb, M, 1987) | 0.52 |
| " The excretion of Hg (after dosing with HgCl2) was not influenced by N-acetylcysteine." | ( Differential effect of N-acetylcysteine on excretion of the metals Hg, Cd, Pb and Au. Ottenwälder, H; Simon, P, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " According to the dose-response relationship, an increase of low molecular protein excretion in urine can be expected in 10% of the cases at Cd-U amounting to 10 to 15 micrograms/g creat." | ( Occupational exposure to cadmium and kidney dysfunction. Gendek, E; Jajte, J; Jakubowski, M; Kowalska, G; Krajewska, B; Starzyński, Z; Trojanowska, B, 1987) | 0.58 |
| " Rats received a single dosage of Cd either orally (1, 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000 micrograms/kg) or intravenously (0." | ( Dosage-dependent disposition of cadmium administered orally to rats. Klaassen, CD; Lehman, LD, 1986) | 0.55 |
| " There were no significant differences in lung function data from the exposed and reference group and there was no dose-response relation within the exposed group." | ( Lung function in workers using cadmium containing solders. Edling, C; Elinder, CG; Randma, E, 1986) | 0.56 |
| " A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between lung cancer mortality and cumulative exposure to cadmium." | ( Mortality among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers--an update. Halperin, WE; Lemen, RA; Schnorr, TM; Smith, AB; Thun, MJ, 1985) | 0.76 |
| " The tissue affected, the element altered and the direction of change in concentration, increased (+) or decreased (-), are summarized for the two dosing groups (age at dosing, age at sacrifice in days): 2 mumol/kg (9, 20): kidney Zn (+), blood Zn (-), cerebral Cu (-), cerebellar Cu (+); 2 mumol/kg (9, 36): blood Zn (-); 10 mumol/kg (9, 20); liver, kidney, cerebral and cerebellar and blood Zn (-), cerebellar Cu (+); 10 mumol/kg (9, 36): liver and heart Zn (+), blood Zn (-); liver and heart Zn (+), blood Zn (-); kidney, cerebral, cerebellar and heart Cu (+)." | ( Effects of cadmium exposure on zinc and copper distribution in neonatal rats. Mushak, P; Thomas, DJ, 1986) | 0.66 |
| " Circulating concentrations of MT progressively increased beginning 2 weeks after Cd treatment and were approximately 10 times control values in rats dosed with Cd for 12 or more weeks." | ( Cadmium-induced hepatic and renal injury in chronically exposed rats: likely role of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein in nephrotoxicity. Dudley, RE; Gammal, LM; Klaassen, CD, 1985) | 1.71 |
| " At a dosage of 60 micrograms/kg, strychnine caused convulsions in all control animals, but in none pretreated with CdCl2." | ( Augmented depression and reduced excitability of the central nervous system (CNS) by cadmium in the rat. Hall, CE; Hungerford, S; Nasseth, D, 1985) | 0.49 |
| " A within-litter design was used for dosing; 1 male and 1 female pup from each litter (N = 10 litters/compound) received either the vehicle, low, medium, or high dosage of the compound." | ( Development of locomotor activity of rat pups exposed to heavy metals. Dean, KF; Reiter, LW; Ruppert, PH, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " This dosing regimen compensated for decreased Cd accumulation by A/J testes and established similar concentrations of Cd in testes of both strains (approximately 4 nmol Cd/g tissue)." | ( Resistance to cadmium-induced necrosis in testes of inbred mice: possible role of a metallothionein-like cadmium-binding protein. Baggs, RB; Chellman, GJ; Diamond, GL; Shaikh, ZA, 1985) | 0.63 |
| " In animals that are dosed with either of the heterologous MT preparations, the first dose, although not innocuous, seems to protect the kidneys against further damage by subsequent doses." | ( The chronic toxicity of equine cadmium metallothionein in the rat. Holt, D; Sparrow, S; Webb, M, 1985) | 0.56 |
| " Cadmium persisted in the tissues much longer than mercury, and while the mercury concentrations began to decline as soon as dosing ceased, cadmium concentrations in kidney and intestine increased even after dosing ceased." | ( Comparative distributions of zinc, cadmium and mercury in the tissues of experimental mice. Kendall, MD; Nicholson, JK; Osborn, D, 1984) | 1.45 |
| " The slope of the dose-response curve describing the excitatory component (0." | ( Dichotomous effects of cadmium on the cone photoreceptor response to light. Bolnick, DA; Bosetti, JB; Haynes, LW; Sillman, AJ; Walter, AE, 1984) | 0.58 |
| " These dosing regimens have been previously shown to produce hepatotoxicity and result in large accumulations of Cd in liver." | ( Time course of cadmium-induced ultrastructural changes in rat liver. Dudley, RE; Klaassen, CD; Svoboda, DJ, 1984) | 0.62 |
| " Exposure to Cd significantly suppressed the DH reaction, with a dose-response relationship, when administered 2 or 3 days after immunization of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice with sheep red blood cells." | ( Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice by cadmium. Fujimaki, H; Kawamura, R; Kubota, K; Shimizu, F, 1983) | 0.51 |
| " Analyses of animal tests on synergism indicated that most published studies lack dose-response data for each of the two carcinogens, which are vital for definitive proof of synergism." | ( Synergism in carcinogenesis. Reif, AE, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " It is demonstrated that a dose-response relationship between Cd exposure and itai-itai disease exists." | ( The relationship between itai-itai disease among inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin and cadmium in rice. Honda, R; Ishizaki, M; Kato, T; Kawano, S; Nogawa, K; Tsuritani, I; Yamada, Y, 1983) | 0.49 |
| " In view of a series of experiments on sublethal effects of cadmium on marine organisms it is stated that the dose-response relationships cover a range of 10(4), and that there is no indication that the lowest level found so far is actually just above a no-effect threshold." | ( Lethal and sublethal effects of cadmium on marine organisms--a critical discussion about "safety levels". Sperling, KR, 1983) | 0.79 |
| " Apical vesiculation in epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules is apparent within 1 h of dosing and, by 4 h, is extensive in some of these cells that surround the larger arteries in the cortex." | ( Cadmium-metallothionein-induced nephropathy: a morphological and autoradiographic study of cadmium distribution, the development of tubular damage and subsequent cell regeneration. Cain, K; Murakami, M; Webb, M, 1983) | 1.71 |
| " Dose-response relationships were observed in the suppressive effect of Cd exposure 2 days after immunization, but not consistently in the stimulative effect of Cd exposure before immunization." | ( Effects of single exposure to cadmium on the primary humoral antibody response. Fujimaki, H; Kawamura, R; Kubota, K; Shimizu, F, 1983) | 0.55 |
| " In the pigs fed the diet with the added Cd, differences in activity of alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase values, but not blood urea nitrogen, as well as differences in intensity and duration of response in PT and APTT occurred when pigs were dosed daily for 5 days after AFB1 or warfarin." | ( Toxicology of aflatoxin B1, warfarin, and cadmium in young pigs: clinical chemistry and blood coagulation. Edds, GT; Osuna, O, 1982) | 0.53 |
| "A teratological study was conducted in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats dosed orally with diethylstilbestrol (DES), zeranol (ZN), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4CB), cadmium, or lead on days 6-18 of gestation." | ( Induction of prenatal toxicity in the rat by diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, 3,4,3',4',-tetrachlorobiphenyl, cadmium, and lead. Bradshaw, WS; Seegmiller, RE; Wardell, RE, 1982) | 0.67 |
| " The percent of the Cd dose retained in the kidney was inversely related to dosage level, directly related in the liver and femur and unaffected by dosage level in the small intestine." | ( Iron metabolism of mice fed low levels of physiologically bound cadmium in oyster or cadmium chloride. Balthrop, JE; Siewicki, TC; Sydlowski, JS, 1983) | 0.5 |
| " All reported cases probably had considerable exposure decades ago, but there are not enough data to permit any dose-response calculations." | ( Role of cadmium in carcinogenesis with special reference to cancer of the prostate. Piscator, M, 1981) | 0.7 |
| " The dose-response curve was bell-shaped." | ( Mechanism of cadmium-induced contraction in ileal longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig. Asai, F; Nishimura, M; Satoh, E; Urakawa, N, 1982) | 0.63 |
| " In medium containing concentrations of added cadmium similar to those achieved in serum by intraperitoneal dosing of rats, the rate of pinocytosis in vitro was decreased by up to 55%." | ( Inhibition of rat yolk sac pinocytosis by cadmium and its reversal by zinc. Dreosti, IE; Manuel, SJ; Record, IR, 1982) | 0.79 |
| "Rat embryos were cultured in serum taken from animals dosed with cadmium, or serum with cadmium added in vitro in the presence or absence of additional zinc." | ( Interactions of cadmium and zinc in cultured rat embryos. Buckley, RA; Dreosti, IE; Manuel, SJ; Record, IR, 1982) | 0.85 |
| " Neither these nor other morphological changes were observed in the kidneys of animals that had been dosed with either Cd2+, or L-cysteine alone." | ( A morphological and biochemical study of the effects of L-cysteine on the renal uptake and nephrotoxicity of cadmium. Murakami, M; Webb, M, 1981) | 0.48 |
| " In vitro cadmium saturation prior to gel filtration revealed that the cadmium-binding capacity of the metallothionein peak was significantly reduced at all dosage levels in the fetus but increased in maternal liver." | ( Depression of metallothionein in fetal rat liver following maternal cadmium exposure. Bell, JU; Waalkes, MP, 1980) | 0.9 |
| " The response to direct cadmium was characteristically different and was related to dosage and the extent to which zero-time embryos had progressed through the head fold stage." | ( The use of cultured rat embryos to evaluate the teratogenic activity of serum: cadmium and cyclophosphamide. Chatot, CL; Klein, NW; Pierro, LJ; Vogler, MA, 1980) | 0.8 |
| " Included is a report of a study of Zn levels in the facial hair of one of the authors, who was dosed with ZnSO4." | ( Is human hair a dosimeter for endogenous zinc and other trace elements? Chittleborough, G; Steel, BJ, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "30 mg/kg resulted in an elevation of plasma Zn levels; however, plateau values did not exhibit a well-defined dose-response relationship." | ( Cadmium and zinc kinetics in rat plasma following intravenous injection. Frazier, JM, 1980) | 1.7 |
| "The metallothionein fractions, isolated by gel filtration from the kidneys of rats that have been dosed with Cd2+, Hg2+ or Cd2+ followed by Hg2+, yield very different elution profiles on ion-exchange chromatography." | ( The in vivo effects of maleate on the cation-distribution in rat kidney metallothionein sub-fractions after induction by cadmium and/or mercury. Holt, D; Magos, L; Webb, M, 1980) | 0.47 |
| " The dose-response relationship for all three parameters was linear-quadratic." | ( Cadmium chloride induces dose-dependent increases in the frequency of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow. Adiga, SK; Jagetia, GC, 1994) | 1.73 |
| " Although the use of early biological effect markers for the study of the dose-effect or dose-response relationships in humans is probably less affected by selection biases than morbidity data, the possibility of such an interference cannot be excluded." | ( Health risk assessment of long-term exposure to non-genotoxic chemicals: application of biological indices. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Lauwerys, RR; Roels, H, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The dose-response relationships between Cd exposure and renal dysfunction were assessed using several statistical methods such as simple linear regression, probit linear regression, logistic regression analysis and general linear models." | ( [Studies on health effects of cadmium exposure in the general environment]. Kido, T, 1995) | 0.58 |
| " In sharp contrast, hepatic MT gene expression was highly activated throughout the dosage range." | ( Minimal basal activity and lack of metal-induced activation of the metallothionein gene correlates with lobe-specific sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of cadmium in the rat prostate. Coogan, TP; Shiraishi, N; Waalkes, MP, 1995) | 0.49 |
| " Heterogenous binding sites were found since various types of compounds inhibited the binding of 3H-remoxipride with shallow dose-response curves." | ( Heterogenous binding of 3H-remoxipride to membranes of rat liver and brain. Ross, SB, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "To determine the maximum allowable intake limits for chronic dietary exposure to cadmium (Cd), the dose-response relationship between total Cd intake and prevalence of renal dysfunction was examined using general linear models considering the effect of age as a confounder." | ( Dose-response relationship between total cadmium intake and prevalence of renal dysfunction using general linear models. Hochi, Y; Kido, T; Kito, H; Nogawa, K; Shaikh, ZA, ) | 0.62 |
| "Elevations in gene dosage of the transcriptional regulatory protein yAP-1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can elicit pronounced phenotypic increases in tolerance of a variety of drugs including the toxic heavy metal cadmium." | ( Cadmium tolerance mediated by the yeast AP-1 protein requires the presence of an ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene, YCF1. Moye-Rowley, WS; Szczypka, MS; Thiele, DJ; Wemmie, JA, 1994) | 1.92 |
| " Data were grouped into tiers based on study design and reporting of data: Tier 1, identical experimental protocols and dosage can be estimated; Tier 2, very similar or identical protocols and dosage can be estimated; Tier 3, protocols may differ and dosage can be estimated; and Tier 4, protocols may differ and dosages cannot be estimated (but concentration of cadmium in food or water is reported)." | ( Bioavailability of cadmium in food and water: a case study on the derivation of relative bioavailability factors for inorganics and their relevance to the reference dose. Diamond, GL; Gefell, DJ; Ruoff, WL; Stiteler, WM; Velazquez, SF, 1994) | 0.79 |
| " Inclusion of cadmium (30 microM) in the physiological salt solution significantly reduced the maximum response, without significantly altering the ED50 or the Hill coefficient of the dose-response curve to methoxamine." | ( Role of intracellular and extracellular calcium in alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the rat perfused hindquarters. Tabrizchi, R, ) | 0.49 |
| " A clear dose-response relationship was observed between Cd concentration, EROD activity and metabolic activation of 2-aminoanthracene and benzo(a)pyrene." | ( Promutagen activation by fish liver as a biomarker of littoral pollution. Dorado, G; López-Barea, J; Navas, JI; Pueyo, C; Rodríguez-Ariza, A, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Finally, verapamil, a calcium/potassium channel blocker displaced the dose-response curve for Cd2+ toxicity as well as metallothionein-IIA and heat shock protein 70 gene expression to higher Cd2+ concentrations." | ( Modulation of stress proteins by Cd2+ in a human T cell line. Benveniste, J; Davenas, E; Manuel, Y; Morin, L; Pellegrini, O; Thomas, Y; Tsangaris, GT, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a 3-compartment open model (multiple dosage analysis)." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cadmium in ewes: a preliminary study. Han, M; Houpert, P; Joseph-Enriquez, B; Joubert, C; Milhaud, G, 1994) | 0.61 |
| " Tissues were precontracted with carbachol or KCl, and relaxation dose-response curves to nifedipine, Mn2+, or Cd2+ were obtained." | ( Expression of dihydropyridine resistance differs in porcine bronchial and tracheal smooth muscle. Croxton, TL; Fleming, C; Hirshman, CA, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Intracellular concentrations of phytochelatin, in the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, exhibit a distinct dose-response relation with free Cd2+ concentration in the medium--not with total Cd(2+)--and are detectable even when the free Cd2+ concentration is less than 1 pM." | ( Phytochelatin production by marine phytoplankton at low free metal ion concentrations: laboratory studies and field data from Massachusetts Bay. Ahner, BA; Morel, FM; Price, NM, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The surface density of microvillus membrane per unit cell volume was reduced by 25% and 19% for chronic and acute dosed rats respectively." | ( Morphometric analysis of renal proximal tubules in cadmium-treated rats. Condron, RJ; Marshall, AT; Schroen, CJ, 1994) | 0.54 |
| " Dose-response relationships indicated that KP 102 had similar potency to GRF and was 10-fold more potent than earlier generations of GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-6 and GHRP-1) tested in same system." | ( The effect of GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2 or KP 102) on GH secretion from primary cultured ovine pituitary cells can be abolished by a specific GH-releasing factor (GRF) receptor antagonist. Chen, C; Clarke, IJ; Katoh, K; Wu, D; Zhang, J, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Recent work has shown that changes in the gene dosage of this factor can dramatically alter the ability of a cell to tolerate a host of toxic agents including cadmium, cycloheximide, and sulfometuron methyl." | ( Transcriptional activation mediated by the yeast AP-1 protein is required for normal cadmium tolerance. Harshman, KD; Moye-Rowley, WS; Parker, CS; Wemmie, JA; Wu, AL, 1994) | 0.71 |
| " At the same dosage monoisoamyl meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate (Mi-ADMS) and a dithiocarbamate, sodium N-benzyl-4-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glucamine-N-carbodithioate++ + (BLDTC) induced reductions of 65% and 57%, respectively." | ( Cadmium mobilization by monoaralkyl- and monoalkyl esters of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and by a dithiocarbamate. Basinger, MA; Gale, GR; Jones, MM; Singh, PK; Smith, AB, 1994) | 1.73 |
| "The dose-response relationship between total cadmium intake and beta 2-microglobulinuria was investigated using logistic regression analysis in order to consider the effect of age on this association." | ( Dose-response relationship between total cadmium intake and beta 2-microglobulinuria using logistic regression analysis. Kido, T; Nogawa, K, 1993) | 0.81 |
| " Because the toxic changes other than in the kidney in Group II were almost equal to or less than that in Group I, in spite of the doubled dosage of Cd, the toxic effects of Cd, except on the kidneys, were considered to be reduced by the pretreatment with Cd." | ( Acute toxicity of cadmium in rats with or without cadmium pretreatment. Hiratsuka, H; Iwata, H; Katsuta, O; Matsumoto, J; Umemura, T, 1993) | 0.62 |
| " Cd complexed with molecules such as cysteine (cys) or metallothionein has been used in acute dosing regimens as a tool in order to study the nephrotoxicity of Cd." | ( Stress protein synthesis induced by cadmium-cysteine in rat kidney. Fisher, BR; Goering, PL; Kish, CL, 1993) | 0.56 |
| "The dose-response relationship for environmental cadmium exposure was assessed using logistic regression analysis." | ( Dose-response relationship between total cadmium intake and metallothioneinuria using logistic regression analysis. Honda, R; Kido, T; Kito, H; Nogawa, K; Shaikh, ZA, 1993) | 0.81 |
| " A dose-response relation was found between cumulative exposure to cadmium and age standardised cumulative incidence." | ( Incidence of renal stones among cadmium exposed battery workers. Elinder, CG; Järup, L, 1993) | 0.81 |
| " Dose-response relations showed that urinary Cd correlated significantly with urinary NAG activity and total protein and beta 2-M." | ( A nine year follow up study of renal effects in workers exposed to cadmium in a zinc ore refinery. Huisman, B; Lugtenburg, D; Ribbens, PH; van Sittert, NJ, 1993) | 0.52 |
| " In the study, we found that there was negative correlation between cadmium burden and calcium balance, and there was remarkable dose-response relationship between cadmium burden and the rate of calcium deficit." | ( [Study on cadmium load and calcium deficit]. Mei, JY, 1993) | 0.92 |
| " The growth rate of cells in iron-deficient conditions and their ferrireductase activity in the absence of added cadmium were also strongly affected by the dosage of YAP1 and CAD1/YAP2 genes." | ( Effects of cadmium and of YAP1 and CAD1/YAP2 genes on iron metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Labbe, P; Lesuisse, E, 1995) | 0.89 |
| "to evaluate the degree of cadmium induced glomerular impairment and to assess the dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of glomerular dysfunction." | ( Decreased glomerular filtration rate in solderers exposed to cadmium. Elinder, CG; Järup, L; Persson, B, 1995) | 0.83 |
| " Concentrations of 50 microM Cd or 200 microM Ni were dosed for 4 hours in factorial combinations with 500 microM Asc in RPMI 1640 medium (7 percent bovine serum) in which AHH-1 TK+/- cells (a spontaneously transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line by Gentest Corp." | ( Damage to DNA by cadmium or nickel in the presence of ascorbate. Hass, BS; Littlefield, NA, ) | 0.47 |
| " A dose-response relationship between cadmium concentration and peak current at -930 mV was observed after exposure of roots of Agrostis at 5 and 10 microM." | ( Polarography as a tool in peptide and protein analysis: studies on metal-chelating substances induced by cadmium in the algae Pheodactylum tricornutum and the graminae Agrostis capillaris. Nyberg, S; Zhou, L, 1995) | 0.78 |
| " Elicitation of CHR, as measured by average increase in skin thickness, was suppressed significantly in goats of all dosed groups." | ( The effect of concurrent lead and cadmium exposure on the cell-mediated immune response in goats. Dwivedi, SK; Haneef, SS; Swarup, D, 1995) | 0.57 |
| "Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the dose-response relationship for environmental cadmium exposure and to consider the effect age had on this association." | ( Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium concentration and beta2-microglobulinuria using logistic regression analysis. Hayano, M; Honda, R; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nogawa, K; Turitani, I, ) | 0.61 |
| " The results showed a variability in cadmium levels in hens, according to the dosage applied." | ( The effect of cadmium treatment on breeding hens and cocks and early viability of their chickens. Janotíková, I; Maretta, M; Marettová, E; Pribilincová, J, 1995) | 0.92 |
| " Dose-response data are given also for mixtures including coal tar pitch condensate, centrifuged particles obtained from tap water, and water concentrates prepared with XAD-2 resin." | ( Rapid assay of cytotoxicity using Tetramitus flagellates. Jaffe, RL, ) | 0.13 |
| "The polymorphism phenomenon causes an important problem in the preparation of many pharmaceutical dosage forms, including oral suspensions, tablets, creams and suppositories." | ( Influence of the presence of trace amounts of metals on the polymorphism of tolbutamide. Barba, C; del Castillo, B; Martin, MA; Olives, AI, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Compared to BGDTC, the new compounds were, except at the highest dosage studied, equally or more effective in decreasing retention of hepatic cadmium, while mostly less effective in decreasing renal cadmium." | ( Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid mono-N-alkylamides: syntheses and biological activity as novel in vivo cadmium mobilizing agents. Blanusa, M; Jones, MM; Piasek, M; Restek-Samarzija, N; Rostial, K; Singh, PK, 1996) | 0.71 |
| " We now report that the dose-response relation indicates that this SAN Na+ channel has unusually high TTX sensitivity, with half-maximal inhibition (26 +/- 5 nM) which is more typical of neuronal than cardiac tissue." | ( The newborn rabbit sino-atrial node expresses a neuronal type I-like Na+ channel. Baruscotti, M; Catterall, WA; DiFrancesco, D; Robinson, RB; Westenbroek, R, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Dose-response relationships were found for B-Cd and various tubular markers (U-beta 2-microglobulin, protein HC and NAG)." | ( Blood cadmium as an indicator of dose in a long-term follow-up of workers previously exposed to cadmium. Elinder, CG; Järup, L; Persson, B, 1997) | 0.78 |
| " There was significant difference in the 50% effective doses (ED50) for NE between the two groups of rats when the dose-response curves were normalized to their respective maximal responses: ED50 NE for cadmium-exposed rats was lower and the dose-response curve was shifted to the left." | ( Effect of angiotensin II on the reactivity of isolated mesenteric vessels to norepinephrine in rats poisoned with cadmium. Skoczyńska, A, 1997) | 0.7 |
| "A generalization of Wilcoxon's signed rank test is proposed for testing a dose-response relationship with one or more outcomes." | ( Signed rank statistics for coherent predictions. Rosenbaum, PR, 1997) | 0.3 |
| ", presented three dose-response functions which describe the relationship between the size of exposure and the probable incidence of lung cancer." | ( [A qualitative evaluation of health risk associated with occupational inhalation exposure to cadmium in production plants in Poland]. Szymczak, W, 1997) | 0.52 |
| " There was a statistically significant dose-response relationship between cadmium in urine and beta 2-microglobulin excretion in urine, which is similar to what has previously been reported in other countries." | ( Biological monitoring of cadmium exposure and renal effects in a population group residing in a polluted area in China. Cai, S; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, GF; Wang, Z; Wu, X; Ye, T; Zhuang, F, 1997) | 0.83 |
| " The role of different Ca2+ channel subtypes in shaping the Ca2+ dose-response relationship was studied using the selective Ca2+ channel blockers omega-agatoxin GIVA (omega-Aga), which blocks P/Q-type channels, and omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CTx), which blocks N-type channels." | ( N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels mediate transmitter release with a similar cooperativity at rat hippocampal autapses. Bekkers, JM; Clements, JD; Reid, CA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Dose-response studies indicated that Zn2+, Au3+, and Cd2+ depressed binding with half-maximal activities of approximately 20 microM, 14-60 microM, and 50-65 microM, respectively." | ( Multivalent cations depress ligand binding to cell-associated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 on human glioblastoma cells. McCusker, RH; Sackett, RL, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Pretreatment of rats with low doses of Cd produces adaptive tolerance to a subsequent high dose of Cd-induced lethality, thus shifting the dose-response curve to the right." | ( Induction of metallothionein as an adaptive mechanism affecting the magnitude and progression of toxicological injury. Klaassen, CD; Liu, J, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The results of this first study on dose-response relationships in a Chinese population are similar to those observed in other populations." | ( Renal dysfunction from cadmium contamination of irrigation water: dose-response analysis in a Chinese population. Cai, S; Jin, T; Nordberg, G; Yue, L, 1998) | 0.61 |
| " Furthermore, there was a dose-response relation between cadmium dose and osteoporosis." | ( Cadmium may be a risk factor for osteoporosis. Alfvén, T; Elinder, CG; Järup, L; Persson, B; Toss, G, 1998) | 1.99 |
| " Dose-response curves revealed that 619C89 have an approximately 8 microM binding site." | ( On the inhibition of voltage activated calcium currents in rat cortical neurones by the neuroprotective agent 619C89. Bernardi, G; Hainsworth, AH; Spadoni, F; Stefani, A, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " In this paper a nonlinear isobologram model is proposed to analyze the joint action of chemical mixtures for quantitative dose-response relationships." | ( A nonlinear isobologram model with Box-Cox transformation to both sides for chemical mixtures. Chen, DG; Pounds, JG, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " In dose-response and time-course studies, approximately 45, 40 and 85% of the Zn, Cu and Cd increments in renal cytosol were bound to metallothionein after Zn, Cu and Cd injection, respectively." | ( The effect of heavy metal-induced metallothionein on Zn, Cu and Cd accumulation in rat kidney. Kurasaki, M; Okabe, M; Saito, S; Yoshida, K, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The cadmium contents of the liver, testes, pooled sperm, and pooled spermatids from dosed and control animals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy." | ( Cadmium concentrations in the testes, sperm, and spermatids of mice subjected to long-term cadmium chloride exposure. Balhorn, R; Bench, G; Corzett, MH; Martinelli, R, 1999) | 2.26 |
| "Epidemiologic data is increasingly being used for dose-response analysis in risk assessment." | ( Sources of uncertainty in dose-response modeling of epidemiological data for cancer risk assessment. Bailer, AJ; Gilbert, S; Kuempel, E; Rice, F; Smith, R; Stayner, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In the dosage used, cypermethrin and cadmium alone caused no significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations, and lead acetate caused an increase of the numerical aberrations only." | ( Simultaneous action of cypermethrin and two environmental pollutant metals, cadmium and lead, on bone marrow cell chromosomes of rats in subchronic administration. Dési, I; Lorencz, R; Nehéz, M, 2000) | 0.81 |
| " Sea urchin sperm motility showed a good dose-response relationship to Cd(II) levels as well as exposure time." | ( Effects of cadmium and phenol on motility and ultrastructure of sea urchin and mussel spermatozoa. Au, DW; Chiang, MW; Wu, RS, 2000) | 0.7 |
| " The results showed that the cadmium content in the liver, kidney and testis increased significantly with a dose-response relationship." | ( Changes in tissue metals after cadmium intoxication and intervention with chlorpromazine in male rats. Ao, SQ; Wang, SY; Wang, XR; Xu, LC; Yang, XF; Zhao, RC, 2000) | 0.88 |
| " There was a clear dose-response relation between cadmium dose and the prevalence of tubular proteinuria." | ( Low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis. Alfvén, T; Carlsson, MD; Elinder, CG; Grubb, A; Hellström, L; Järup, L; Persson, B; Pettersson, C; Schütz, A; Spång, G, 2000) | 0.96 |
| "To study the dose-response relation between cadmium dose and renal tubular damage in a population of workers and people environmentally or occupationally exposed to low concentrations of cadmium." | ( Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study. Alfvén, T; Carlsson, MD; Elinder, CG; Grubb, A; Hellström, L; Järup, L; Persson, B; Pettersson, C; Schütz, A; Spång, G, 2000) | 0.88 |
| " Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to clarify the dose-effect and dose-response relationship between blood or urinary Cd concentration and indicators of renal dysfunction." | ( Renal effects of cadmium exposure in cadmium nonpolluted areas in Japan. Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nakagawa, H; Nogawa, K; Okubo, Y; Suwazono, Y, 2000) | 0.65 |
| " Thus, we investigated the dose-response relationship between renal dysfunction and not only Cd-R but also confounding factors, and we tried to determine whether Cd-R is an adequate indicator of "dose" in the dose-response relationship between Cd intake and renal dysfunction." | ( Validity of cadmium concentration in rice as the "dose" of the dose-response relationship between cadmium intake and renal dysfunction. Arita, S; Hayashi, Y; Izuno, T; Nasu, I; Otahara, Y; Sugita, M; Tsuchiya, K, 2000) | 0.69 |
| " The most recent studies have revealed that urinary creatine and creatine in interstitial fluid in the testis are raised as early as four hours after dosing with 2-methoxyethanol." | ( Urinary creatine as a biochemical marker of chemical induced testicular damage. Timbrell, JA, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " A dose-response relationship was found between Cd2+ levels and changes in sperm motility, and percentage fertilization." | ( Reproductive impairment of sea urchins upon chronic exposure to cadmium. Part I: Effects on gamete quality. Au, DW; Chan, KL; Lee, CY; Wu, RS, 2001) | 0.55 |
| " These data suggest that lead directly inhibited steroidogenesis by decreasing StAR protein expression and the activities of P450scc and 3beta-HSD enzymes with a dose-response trend in MA-10 cells." | ( The inhibitory effects of lead on steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Huang, BM; Lai, HY; Liu, MY; Tsai, ML; Yang, BC; Yang, HY, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In the physiological dosage range, Se appears to function as an antimutagenic agent, preventing the malignant transformation of normal cells and the activation of oncogenes." | ( Anticarcinogenic effects of selenium. Schrauzer, GN, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Insufficient dosing of magnesium reduced the P removal performance." | ( Controlled struvite crystallisation for removing phosphorus from anaerobic digester sidestreams. Barr, K; Münch, EV, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Thus, the induction of hepatic MT-I mRNA expression is dependent on the sex of the mouse, the dosage and the time course of Cd." | ( Induction of metallothionein mRNA expression in the mouse liver after cadmium injection as measured by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. Fujioka, T; Furuta, H; Oda, N; Onodera, K; Sogawa, CA; Sogawa, N, 2000) | 0.54 |
| "Using as an index of exposure the Cd concentration in rice and as an index of health effect the urinary abnormality rate (proteinuria, glycosuria, and proteinuria with glycosuria) in the most systematic and extensive health screening examination conducted in 1967 and 1968 in the Jinzu River basin, Japan (a total of 13,183 subjects), we investigated whether a dose-response relationship exists between the two indices." | ( A retrospective study on the relation between renal dysfunction and cadmium concentration in rice in individual hamlets in the Jinzu River basin, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nogawa, K; Okubo, Y; Osawa, T; Suwazono, Y, 2001) | 0.55 |
| " As part of a program for assessment of the quality of herbal medicines, we have analyzed 21 over-the-counter ginseng (Panax ginseng) products in various dosage forms." | ( Determination of heavy metals and pesticides in ginseng products. Abourashed, EA; Allgood, J; Benson, WH; Khan, IA; Schlenk, D; Walker, LA, ) | 0.13 |
| " The Cr (III) dosage of 5 mg/l reduced overall volatile fatty acid and alcohol generation, degree of acidification, conversions of lactose, lipid and protein, and total biogas production, with the exception of accumulation of hydrogen and propionate." | ( Inhibition by chromium and cadmium of anaerobic acidogenesis. Fang, HH; Yu, HQ, 2001) | 0.61 |
| "2 mg/kg) dose of Cd, and in one treatment BP was dosed 4 days after Cd." | ( Interactive effects of cadmium and benzo[a]pyrene on metallothionein induction in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Faisal, M; Roberts, MH; van den Hurk, P, ) | 0.44 |
| " After 14 days, Cd accumulation increased with dose but less than 1% of the dosed Cd accumulated in the liver and kidney of rats." | ( Cadmium in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) kidneys: speciation, effects of preparation and toxicokinetics. Chan, HM; Kim, C; Leggee, D, 2001) | 1.75 |
| " At a dosage of 3 micromoles, cadmium accelerates statolith loss in unfed ephyrae studied at 4 and 8 days following ephyrae release from strobilae." | ( Statolith formation in Cnidaria: effects of cadmium on Aurelia statoliths. Spangenberg, DB, 1986) | 0.82 |
| " At the same time, a number of nonmetallic ligands moderately accelerate the reaction of MT with Nbs2 and hyperbolic dose-response curves were obtained." | ( The effects of physiologically important nonmetallic ligands in the reactivity of metallothionein towards 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). A new method for the determination of ligand interactions with metallothionein. Kangur, L; Palumaa, P, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The dose-response relationship between internal dose of cadmium and MT expression suggested the validity of MT expression in PBLs as a biomarker of cadmium exposure." | ( Metallothionein gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes from cadmium-exposed workers. Jin, T; Lu, J; Nordberg, G; Nordberg, M, 2001) | 0.8 |
| " A significant dose-response relationship between the prevalence of hypercalciuria and the excretion of urinary cadmium was observed, and a significantly increased prevalence of calciuria was found when excretion of urinary cadmium exceeded 2 micrograms/g creatinine." | ( Urinary calcium as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in a general population exposed to cadmium. Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, G; Wang, Z; Wu, X; Ye, T, 2001) | 0.74 |
| " Dose-response curve indicated that the content of heavy metals was positively related with the toxicity of soil." | ( [Photobacterium phosphoreum assay on the toxicity of soil contaminated by heavy metals]. Li, B; Li, P; Wang, J; Yang, G; Zhang, H, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In the presence of 10 mg/L Cu(II) and 30 mg/L Cd(II), respectively, the average COD removal efficiencies were above 85% with the PAC dosage in the influent solution at 143 mg/L compared to around 60% without PAC addition." | ( Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treating copper and cadmium-containing wastewater. Lim, PE; Ong, SA; Seng, CE, 2002) | 0.53 |
| "CdCl(2) could significantly inhibit the function of lymphocyte transformation in a dose-response pattern at concentrations of 25." | ( [The relationship between cadmium-induced inhibition of splenic lymphocyte function and cell apoptosis]. Feng, F; Xue, B; Zhang, X, 2001) | 0.61 |
| "4-200 microM) for 4 h resulted in the decrease of GJIC and gap junction numbers per cell in a dose-response pattern without changes in the cell viability." | ( Effects of cadmium on gap junctional intercellular communication in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. Cho, JH; Cho, MH; Jeon, SH, 2001) | 0.7 |
| " Doses were selected from a dose-response study of the effect of Cd on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities." | ( Analysis of strain difference in sensitivity to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Harstad, EB; Klaassen, CD, 2002) | 0.57 |
| " Groups C, M and H were orally dosed daily with 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg of cadmium for over 6 weeks." | ( [Effects of chronic cadmium loading on the testis and endocrine function of reproduction in male rats]. Chen, L; Gao, W; Gu, Y; Jiang, YZ; Ren, WH; Zhou, J; Zhu, SL, 2002) | 0.87 |
| " These differences in transport properties between the two lung cell models may modify the dose-response curve for Cd toxicity." | ( Cadmium transport through type II alveolar cell monolayers: contribution of transcellular and paracellular pathways in the rat ATII and the human A549 cells. Jumarie, C, 2002) | 1.76 |
| " In order to improve the understanding of the dose-response relationship between cadmium exposure and health effects, and especially renal dysfunction, a study on a general population group in China was performed." | ( Cadmium biomonitoring and renal dysfunction among a population environmentally exposed to cadmium from smelting in China (ChinaCad). Bernard, A; Dumont, X; Frech, W; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Li, P; Li, Y; Lundström, NG; Nordberg, GF; Nordberg, M; Wang, Z; Ye, TT, 2002) | 1.98 |
| " Also, clear and statistically significant dose-effect and dose-response relationships were found between CdB or CdU and renal dysfunction (increased excretion of retinol-binding protein)." | ( Low bone density and renal dysfunction following environmental cadmium exposure in China. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Fierens, S; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, G; Wang, H; Ye, T, 2002) | 0.55 |
| " A highly significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for both transgenes with increasing cadmium concentrations (5-100 microg/ml)." | ( Construction and evaluation of a transgenic hsp16-GFP-lacZ Caenorhabditis elegans strain for environmental monitoring. Candido, EP; Daniells, C; David, HE; Dawe, AS; de Pomerai, DI; Jones, D, 2003) | 0.53 |
| " In the dose-response experiment Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single subcutaneous (s." | ( Cadmium-induced decrement of the LH receptor expression and cAMP levels in the testis of rats. Gunnarsson, D; Lundgren, P; Nordberg, G; Selstam, G, 2003) | 1.76 |
| " Concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Wood Ducks were comparable with those of specimens dosed with cadmium or inhabiting contaminated areas in previous studies." | ( Cadmium and lead in tissues of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) using the Illinois River (USA). Levengood, JM, 2003) | 2.09 |
| " Principal components analysis of 1H NMR spectra showed clear discrimination between control and Cd(2+) dosed groups, demonstrating the metabolic effects of Cd(2+) and thus allowing the identification of increases in malic acid and acetate, and decreases in glutamine and branched chain amino acids as consequences of Cd(2+) exposure." | ( Metabolomic analysis of the consequences of cadmium exposure in Silene cucubalus cell cultures via 1H NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Bailey, NJ; Holmes, E; Nicholson, JK; Oven, M; Zenk, MH, 2003) | 0.58 |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose-effect and dose-response relationships between the integrated indexes Cd-A x t (mg/m3 x years of exposure) and Cd-B x t (microg/l x years of exposure), and the increase in retinol binding protein excretion in urine (RBP-U) and beta2-microglobulin concentration in serum (beta2M-S)." | ( Integrated indexes of occupational exposure as predictors of kidney dysfunction. Hałatek, T; Jakubowski, M; Raźniewska, G; Szymczak, W; Trzcinka-Ochocka, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Hormesis is an adaptive response, commonly characterized by a biphasic dose-response that can be either directly induced, or the result of compensatory biological processes following an initial disruption in homeostasis [Calabrese and Baldwin, Hum." | ( Hormesis and stage specific toxicity induced by cadmium in an insect model, the queen blowfly, Phormia regina Meig. Calabrese, EJ; Kostecki, PT; Nascarella, MA; Stanek, EJ; Stoffolano, JG, 2003) | 0.57 |
| " In this way a dose-response relationship could be established under natural conditions." | ( Metallothionein concentrations in natural populations of gudgeon (Gobio gobio): relationship with metal concentrations in tissues and environment. Bervoets, L; Blust, R; Van Campenhout, K, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The microcosms were semicontinuously dosed with an artificial groundwater to set a low-carbon flux and a target metal stress (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 micro M CdCl(2)), permitting long-term community monitoring." | ( Plasmid introduction in metal-stressed, subsurface-derived microcosms: plasmid fate and community response. Arango Pinedo, C; Morrow, JB; Smets, BF, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In the field, phytochelatin production is related to ambient Cd, Cu, and Zn levels, and the deviations from the dose-response relationship are potentially explained by metal interactions similar to those observed in the laboratory cultures." | ( Interactions between Cd, Cu, and Zn influence particulate phytochelatin concentrations in marine phytoplankton: laboratory results and preliminary field data. Ahner, BA; Donat, JR; Fones, G; Wei, L, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "9) activity in plasma, red blood cells (RBC), livers, and kidneys of rabbits dosed with cadmium (Cd)." | ( Role of dietary vitamin E in cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rabbit's blood, liver and kidneys. Aksakal, M; Beytut, E; Kamiloglu, NN; Yuce, A, 2003) | 0.83 |
| " Dose-response functions relating low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria to various indices of cadmium dose (dietary cadmium intake, urinary cadmium excretion, or tissue cadmium burden) were obtained from 15 studies of diverse exposures (occupational, general environmental, environmental contamination)." | ( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling of risks of kidney toxicity from exposure to cadmium: estimates of dietary risks in the U.S. population. Choudhury, H; Diamond, GL; Thayer, WC, 2003) | 0.76 |
| "We investigated a dose-response relationship between renal dysfunction and lifetime cadmium intake in individual subjects using logistic regression analysis and calculated the allowable level of lifetime cadmium intake among the inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin." | ( Allowable level of lifetime cadmium intake calculated from the individuals in the Jinzu River basin of Japan. Chiyoda, N; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nogawa, K; Okubo, Y; Suwazono, Y, 2003) | 0.84 |
| " A dose-response study of brain CdSO4 (1,2 and 5 mg/kg once 8 hr before decapitation) revealed a dose-dependent decrease (-14 to -30%, P<0." | ( In vivo and in vitro effects of cadmium on adult rat brain total antioxidant status, acetylcholinesterase, (Na+, K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities: protection by L-cysteine. Carageorgiou, H; Mourouzis, C; Pantos, C; Tsakiris, S; Tzotzes, V; Zarros, A, 2004) | 0.61 |
| " Intriguingly, depending on the identity of the steroidogenic tissue involved and the dosage used, it has been reported to either enhance or inhibit the biosynthesis of progesterone, a hormone that is inexorably linked to both normal ovarian cyclicity and the maintenance of pregnancy." | ( Endocrine disruption by cadmium, a common environmental toxicant with paradoxical effects on reproduction. Chedrese, PJ; Henson, MC, 2004) | 0.63 |
| " In this dosage group, selenium decreased to 36% of mean control concentrations while zinc increased to 168%." | ( Subchronic dietary exposure of rats to cadmium alters the metabolism of metals essential to bone health. Guérin, T; Kolf-Clauw, M; Noël, L, 2004) | 0.59 |
| " A clear dose-response relationship was seen between dose groups and 8-OH Adenine levels related with time in all periods." | ( The oxidative DNA base damage in testes of rats after intraperitoneal cadmium injection. Ates, I; Aydin, A; Karakaya, A; Suzen, HS, 2004) | 0.56 |
| " The discrepancies between different studies are for the most part explained by abiotic factors such as variation in fertility among sites, different degrees of stabilization, and wood ash dosage used, and different time scales among different studies." | ( Biological effects of wood ash application to forest and aquatic ecosystems. Aronsson, KA; Ekelund, NG, ) | 0.13 |
| " Rats were fed for 5 weeks and then orally dosed with 1g of diet containing rice extrinsically labeled with 109Cd." | ( Marginal nutritional status of zinc, iron, and calcium increases cadmium retention in the duodenum and other organs of rats fed rice-based diets. Chaney, RL; Reeves, PG, 2004) | 0.56 |
| " We found a dose-response relationship between urinary Cd excretion and the prevalence of abnormally high serum T levels, but, through multiple regression analysis, we could not trace exposure to Cd as a significant determinant of serum T levels." | ( Impact of cadmium exposure on male sex hormones: a population-based study in China. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Jiang, X; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, GF; Ye, T; Zeng, X, 2004) | 0.73 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between cadmium exposure (urinary cadmium) and prevalence of osteoporosis." | ( Osteoporosis and renal dysfunction in a general population exposed to cadmium in China. Bernard, A; Bo, M; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, G; Wang, H; Ye, T; Zhu, G, 2004) | 0.81 |
| " Dose-response data were compared to the additive model and tested for four deviation patterns from additivity: No deviation, synergistic/antagonistic deviation, dose ratio-dependent deviation, dose level-dependent deviation." | ( Toxicity of binary mixtures of cadmium-copper and carbendazim-copper to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ivorra i Castellà, N; Jonker, MJ; Kammenga, JE; Piskiewicz, AM, 2004) | 0.61 |
| "It is well known that high cadmium exposure causes renal damage, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, whereas the dose-response relationships at low-level exposure are less well established." | ( Low level cadmium exposure, renal and bone effects--the OSCAR study. Alfvén, T; Järup, L, 2004) | 1.02 |
| " The results show that there is a clear dose-response relationship between cadmium exposure and the prevalence of cases with abnormal PSA." | ( Effects on the prostate of environmental cadmium exposure--a cross-sectional population study in China. Jiang, X; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Nordberg, GF; Ye, T; Zeng, X, 2004) | 0.82 |
| " Dose-response relationships between Cd exposure and health effects were clearly demonstrated in both regions." | ( Environmental cadmium exposure, adverse effects and preventive measures in Japan. Kobayashi, E; Nogawa, K; Okubo, Y; Suwazono, Y, 2004) | 0.68 |
| " We reanalyzed the valve closure response data from published literature to reconstruct the response time-dependent dose-response profiles based on an empirical three-parameter Hill equation model." | ( Risk-based approach to appraise valve closure in the clam Corbicula fluminea in response to waterborne metals. Chen, BC; Jou, LJ; Liao, CM, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " LLC-PK1 cells were incubated with CdCl2 at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40 micromol/L for 4 h or 8 h, it was found that expressions of bcl-2 and mtp53 were decreased and where a significant dose-response was found (r = -0." | ( [Apoptosis induced by cadmium and the expression of bcl-2 and p53 genes in LLC-PK1 cells]. Cai, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M; Wu, X; Xu, D, 2004) | 0.64 |
| " The inhibition of microbial biomass and its activity by different Cd concentrations was described by the kinetic model (M1) and the sigmoid dose-response model (M2) in order to calculate three ecological doses of Cd: ED(50), ED(10) and ED(5)." | ( Toxicity of cadmium to soil microbial biomass and its activity: effect of incubation time on Cd ecological dose in a paddy soil. Huang, CY; Liao, M; Luo, YK; Zhao, XM, 2005) | 0.71 |
| "10%) as follows: biomass dosage (4." | ( Removal of cadmium from aqueous system by shelled Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder. Kumari, P; Sharma, P; Srivastava, MM; Srivastava, S, 2006) | 0.72 |
| " In G-area, there was a clear dose-response pattern both in relation to UTAs and UCd for each of the biomarkers of renal dysfunction." | ( Biomarkers of cadmium and arsenic interactions. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; Hong, F; Jin, T; Nordberg, GF; Zhang, A, 2005) | 0.69 |
| " Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight." | ( Maternal and neonatal scalp hair concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead: relationship to some lifestyle factors. Ghribi, I; Razagui, IB, 2005) | 0.57 |
| " Excess mortality and the dose-response relationship between mortality and urinary cadmium excretion were investigated in this study among environmentally exposed subjects." | ( Urinary cadmium and mortality among inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area in Japan. Ikawa, A; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Kuriwaki, J; Miura, K; Morikawa, Y; Nakagawa, H; Nishijo, M; Nogawa, K; Tawara, K, 2006) | 0.99 |
| "A meta-analysis was conducted to derive age- and gender-specific dose-response relationships between urinary cadmium (Cd) concentration and beta2-microglobulinuria (beta2MG-uria) under environmental exposure." | ( Meta-analysis for deriving age- and gender-specific dose-response relationships between urinary cadmium concentration and beta2-microglobulinuria under environmental exposure. Gamo, M; Nakanishi, J; Ono, K, 2006) | 0.76 |
| " edulis low concentrations of mercury, possibly also of other of the metals determined in the present study, may induce dose-response relationships of a hormetic ('J-shaped') nature." | ( Damage to DNA and lipids in Boletus edulis exposed to heavy metals. Andersen, RA; Collin-Hansen, C; Steinnes, E, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Dose-response relationships between cadmium concentrations and mortality of 3rd instar midge larvae were observed and the protein levels were compared using PD-Quest after 2-DE." | ( Proteomic evaluation of cadmium toxicity on the midge Chironomus riparius Meigen larvae. Cho, K; Lee, SE; Son, J; Yoo, DH, 2006) | 0.91 |
| " In two separate experiments channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were dosed with mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene with cadmium, chlorinated phenols or borneol." | ( Bile fluorescence, heme oxygenase induction, and increased biliverdin excretion by mixtures of environmental toxicants. van den Hurk, P, 2006) | 0.54 |
| " In 2778 inhabitants 50 years of age (1114 men, 1664 women) in three different Cd nonpolluted areas in Japan, we showed that a dose-response relationship existed between renal effects and Cd exposure in the general environment without any known Cd pollution." | ( Estimation of benchmark dose as the threshold levels of urinary cadmium, based on excretion of total protein, beta2-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan. Inaba, T; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nakagawa, H; Nishijo, M; Nogawa, K; Oishi, M; Suwazono, Y; Uetani, M, 2006) | 0.57 |
| " Dose-response relationships between UCd and urinary indicators of renal dysfunction were studied." | ( Critical exposure level of cadmium for elevated urinary metallothionein--an occupational population study in China. Chen, L; Huang, B; Jin, T; Nordberg, G; Nordberg, M, 2006) | 0.63 |
| " Secondly, we integrated a probabilistic model associated with the time-varying dose-response relationships of valve closing behavior into the mechanisms of a dynamic artificial clam, allowing estimation of the time-varying waterborne Cu/Cd concentrations for on-line providing the outcomes of the toxicity detection technique." | ( A dynamic artificial clam (Corbicula fluminea) allows parsimony on-line measurement of waterborne metals. Jou, LJ; Liao, CM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Relationships between analyzed and calculated Zn concentrations and toxicity and between analyzed and calculated Cd concentrations and tissue accumulation and MT-2 expression were compared by fitting dose-response models and assessing the fit of the data." | ( Effect of pH on metal speciation and resulting metal uptake and toxicity for earthworms. Fishwick, S; Hankard, PK; Lofts, S; McLellan, D; Spurgeon, DJ; Svendsen, C; Toal, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " A new kind of inorganic chemical agent apatite was chosen to treat with this kind of incineration flyash, the results indicate that the heavy metals (not including Cd in some samples) in the treated flyash using apatite at dosage 7% can reach the landfilling standards for hazardous waste, and the treated flyash can have better stabilization when the size of apatite was 74 microm, and the heavy metal leaching concentration of the treated flyash keep stable at a curing time of 1 day, and it can keep stabilization with a broader pH value of 3 to 11." | ( [Chemical stabilization technology in treating with flyash using apatite]. Deng, Z; Jiang, JG; Xu, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, ZZ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " There was a good dose-response relationship between basal MT-1A expression and UCd." | ( [Application of metallothionein gene isoforms expression as biomarkers in cadmium exposure]. Chang, XL; Chen, L; Jin, TY; Lei, LJ; Zhou, YF, 2006) | 0.56 |
| " The expression would increase slowly till the flat stage with the increase of the dosage and then would decrease slightly over time." | ( [Heme oxygenase-1 expression and apoptosis induced by cadmium in human embryon kidney cells]. Chang, XL; Chen, L; Dong, C; Jin, TY, 2006) | 0.58 |
| " The metal adsorption yields also increased with the increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time and reached to equilibrium for both adsorbents." | ( Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions by pyrite and synthetic iron sulphide. Erdem, M; Ozverdi, A, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were dosed with mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene and cadmium, chlorinated phenols or borneol." | ( Heme oxygenase induction and biliverdin excretion: implications for the bile fluorescence biomarker. van den Hurk, P, 2006) | 0.56 |
| "Previously, the association between urinary cadmium (Cd) concentration and indicators of renal dysfunction, including beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-MG), total protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were investigated in 1270 inhabitants > or = 50 years of age (547 men, 723 women) in a Cd non-polluted area in Japan and showed that a dose-response relationship existed between renal effects and Cd exposure in the general environment without any known Cd pollution." | ( Estimation of benchmark dose for renal dysfunction in a cadmium non-polluted area in Japan. Inaba, T; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nakagawa, H; Nishijo, M; Nogawa, K; Oishi, M; Suwazono, Y; Uetani, M, ) | 0.64 |
| "Sorption of traces of Cd(II) ions onto beach sand is investigated as a function of nature and concentration of electrolyte (10(-4) to 10(-2)M nitric, hydrochloric and perchloric acids, pH 2-10 buffers and deionized water), shaking time 5-40min, shaking speed 50-200strokes/min, dosage of sand (50-1000mg/15cm(3)), concentration of sorbate (1." | ( Sorption profile of Cd(II) ions onto beach sand from aqueous solutions. Bhanger, MI; Hasany, SM; Taqvi, SI, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The materials are: SRM 3240 Ephedra sinica Stapf Aerial Parts, SRM 3241 Ephedra sinica Stapf Native Extract, SRM 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, SRM 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder, SRM 966 Toxic Metals in Bovine Blood, Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and SRM 1598a Animal Serum." | ( On the certification of cadmium at trace and ultratrace levels in standard reference materials using ID ICP-MS. Long, SE; Murphy, KE; Vocke, RD, 2007) | 0.65 |
| " Results showed that cadmium had accumulated in the tissues according to dosage and sex." | ( Cadmium, zinc and iron interactions in the tissues of bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus after exposure to low and high doses of cadmium chloride. Holewa, I; Swiergosz-Kowalewska, R, 2007) | 2.1 |
| " sinica Stapf Commercial Extract, 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder." | ( Preparation and characterization of a suite of ephedra-containing standard reference materials. Anderson, DL; Betz, JM; Butler, TA; Capar, SG; Cheng, J; Fraser, CA; Gardner, G; Gay, ML; Howell, DW; Ihara, T; Khan, MA; Lam, JW; Long, SE; Mackey, EA; McCooeye, M; Mindak, WR; Mitvalsky, S; Murphy, KE; NguyenPho, A; Phinney, KW; Porter, BJ; Roman, M; Sander, LC; Satterfield, MB; Scriver, C; Sharpless, KE; Sturgeon, R; Thomas, JB; Vocke, RD; Wise, SA; Wood, LJ; Yang, L; Yen, JH; Ziobro, GC, ) | 0.13 |
| " We addressed this goal using multiple gene expression profiling in the liver of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model chemicals (cadmium, carbon tetrachloride [CCl4], and pyrene) administered singly, in binary and trinary combinations at low acutely sublethal concentrations, and in the partial dose-response manner." | ( Hepatic responses of gene expression in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model contaminants applied singly and in combination. Afanasyev, S; Krasnov, A; Oikari, A, 2007) | 0.54 |
| " A significant dose-response relationship with UCd was displayed." | ( Estimation of benchmark dose for pancreatic damage in cadmium-exposed smelters. Chang, XL; Chen, L; Jin, TY; Lei, LJ; Nordberg, M, 2007) | 0.59 |
| " For all metals clear dose-response relationships were found." | ( Responses of the mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Unionidae) to environmental stressors: effect of pH, temperature and metals on filtration rate. Elías-Letts, R; Loayza-Muro, R, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " CdCl2 exhibited anti-proliferative activity in dosage and time-dependent manner." | ( [Cadmium induced apoptosis of HEK293 cells and its mitochondrial apoptosis pathway]. Jiang, P; Mao, WP; Tian, T; Wu, AL; Ye, JL; Zhang, C; Zhang, NN; Zhao, JM, 2007) | 1.25 |
| " The application of K(2)SO(4) reduced the uptake of Cd in different parts including roots, haulms and grains of wheat; the optimum dosage was the K2 level." | ( Interaction between cadmium, lead and potassium fertilizer (K2SO4) in a soil-plant system. Chao, L; Chen, S; Guo, G; Sun, L; Sun, T, 2007) | 0.66 |
| " The implications of the dose-response for arsenic exposure for risk estimation merit further consideration." | ( Lung cancer mortality at a UK tin smelter. Atkin, P; Batlle, JV; Holroyd, C; Jones, SR; Lutman, E; Wakeford, R; Walker, P, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The effective lethal dose was determined and dose-response study was conducted after intravenous administration of CdF in rats." | ( Strong acute toxicity, severe hepatic damage, renal injury and abnormal serum electrolytes after intravenous administration of cadmium fluoride in rats. Adachi, K; Dote, E; Dote, T; Kono, K; Mitsui, G, 2007) | 0.55 |
| " Cadmium bioaccumulating algal extracts caused higher cell mortality of L929 cells than zinc accumulating ones, with a clear dose-response trend." | ( Effect of extracts from Spirulina platensis bioaccumulating cadmium and zinc on L929 cells. Converti, A; Lodi, A; Luigi Mariottini, G; Pane, L; Solisio, C, 2008) | 1.5 |
| " Slugs were dosed with a mixture of cadmium and kerosene in the food for 27 days." | ( Digestive cell turnover in digestive gland epithelium of slugs experimentally exposed to a mixture of cadmium and kerosene. Cancio, I; Marigómez, I; Soto, M; Zaldibar, B, 2007) | 0.83 |
| " The snails were dosed with Cd2+ or Cu2+ for a period of 96h." | ( Potential marker enzymes and metal-metal interactions in Helisoma duryi and Lymnaea natalensis exposed to cadmium. Chibi, M; Kandare, E; Masola, B; Naik, YS; Zaranyika, MF, 2008) | 0.56 |
| " The enhancement of lead removal was approximately 21 to 37% by ferrate pretreatment at a dosage of 1 to 5 mg/L." | ( Enhanced removal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) from water in alum coagulation by ferrate(VI) pretreatment. Jun, M; Liang, YM; Liu, W, 2007) | 0.62 |
| " The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively." | ( Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and arsenate on early seedling growth and metal uptake by wheat. Liu, XL; Zhang, SZ, 2007) | 0.58 |
| " Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, biomass dosage and temperature were studied." | ( Biosorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by red algae (Ceramium virgatum): equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Sari, A; Tuzen, M, 2008) | 0.7 |
| " In the testis, changes due to disruption of the blood-testis barrier and oxidative stress have been noted, with onset of widespread necrosis at higher dosage exposures." | ( Cadmium: toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo. Bannigan, J; Thompson, J, 2008) | 1.79 |
| " Dose-response relationships were derived for zinc, copper, and cadmium through single-metal exposure data analysed with toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics models." | ( Assessing the risk of metal mixtures in contaminated sediments on Chironomus riparius based on cytosolic accumulation. Conrad, A; Garric, J; Geffard, A; Mons, R; Péry, AR, 2008) | 0.58 |
| " Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to fit the dose-response model taking into consideration an age effect." | ( Estimation of benchmark doses as threshold levels of urinary cadmium, based on excretion of beta2-microglobulin in cadmium-polluted and non-polluted regions in Japan. Dochi, M; Honda, R; Kido, T; Kobayashi, E; Nakagawa, H; Nishijo, M; Suwazono, Y, 2008) | 0.59 |
| " The microarray was used to identify adult- and juvenile-specific transcript profiles in untreated animals and to determine dose-response transcription profiles following exposure to three xenobiotics from different chemical classes: inorganic (the metal cadmium), organic (the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene), and agrochemical (the herbicide atrazine)." | ( Transcriptome profiling of developmental and xenobiotic responses in a keystone soil animal, the oligochaete annelid Lumbricus rubellus. Blaxter, ML; Hankard, PK; Hedley, BA; Jonker, MJ; Kille, P; Lister, LJ; Morgan, AJ; Owen, J; Spurgeon, DJ; Stürzenbaum, SR; Svendsen, C; Wren, J, 2008) | 0.53 |
| " The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of selenium treatment at the same dosage (2 ppm) on some biochemical parameters." | ( Antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (Cd+2, Cr+3) on liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792). Alkan, A; Erdogan, K; Orun, I; Ozdemir, I; Talas, ZS; Yilmaz, I, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The study of dose-response relationships between UCd and B2M or ALB also showed that the cadmium-induced renal dysfunction might be reversible if UCd concentration was low-level before exposure decreasing, otherwise it might be irreversible or aggravated." | ( Renal effects evolution in a Chinese population after reduction of cadmium exposure in rice. Bergdahl, IA; Jin, T; Kong, Q; Lei, L; Liang, Y; Nordberg, GF; Wang, Z; Wu, X; Ye, T, 2008) | 0.8 |
| "05), and a dose-response relationship was observed." | ( Cadmium in blood and hypertension. Eum, KD; Lee, MS; Paek, D, 2008) | 1.79 |
| " Induction of intestinal metallothionein mRNA was apparent, however, and a linear dose-response relationship was observed for metallothionein expression and cadmium dose in the intestine, but not the other organs, which showed no induction." | ( Dietary cadmium and benzo(a)pyrene increased intestinal metallothionein expression in the fish Fundulus heteroclitus. Mitelberg, A; Perez-Matus, A; Rezvankhah, S; Roesijadi, G; Torruellas, K; Van Veld, PA, 2009) | 0.98 |
| " Phytotoxicity parameters were estimated from a dose-response experiment using the aboveground dry matter growth endpoint and were correlated with an assortment of relevant soil property measurements, with the ultimate goal of developing statistical prediction models for soil-specific adjustments to ecological risk assessments." | ( Application of ridge regression to quantify marginal effects of collinear soil properties on phytotoxicity of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc. Anderson, RH; Basta, NT, 2009) | 0.56 |
| "01) and a positive dose-response profile." | ( Comparative effects of Cd and Pb on biochemical response and DNA damage in the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Cui, Y; Kong, Z; Li, D; Li, M; Liu, Z; Xu, Y, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Results indicated the significant positive dose-response correlations were found between Cd2+ concentrations and the tested indexes (MI, MCN and CAF)." | ( [Assessment of toxicity effects for cadmium contamination in soils by means of multi-indexes]. Chen, L; Ji, PH; Li, XY; Song, YF; Wang, L; Yang, XX; Zhang, W, 2008) | 0.62 |
| " Cadmium in sufficient cumulative dosage leads to the production of the Fanconi syndrome, a generalized proximal tubular reabsorptive defect thought to be related to inhibition of both ATP production and Na-K-ATPase activity." | ( Nephrotoxicity of cadmium & lead. Gonick, HC, 2008) | 1.59 |
| " Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage level and equilibrium contact time were studied." | ( Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on activated alumina. Bhattacharya, AK; Das, SK; Naiya, TK, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " A dose-response experiment with mycorrhizal pines showed better plant protection by a Cd-adapted fungus: more fungal biomass and a higher nutrient uptake at high Cd exposure." | ( Cd-tolerant Suillus luteus: a fungal insurance for pines exposed to Cd. Carleer, R; Colpaert, JV; Krznaric, E; Vangronsveld, J; Verbruggen, N; Wevers, JH, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "0 mg L(-1) cause increased total soluble protein levels in shoots of Arabidopsis seedlings in an inverted U-shaped dose-response manner." | ( DNA mismatch repair related gene expression as potential biomarkers to assess cadmium exposure in Arabidopsis seedlings. Gao, H; Han, YP; Li, P; Li, XJ; Li, Y; Liu, W; Yang, YS; Zhou, Q, 2009) | 0.58 |
| " The dose-response relationship between U-Cd levels and prevalence of U-NAG above the reference value support the need for measures to reduce environmental Cd exposure." | ( Early kidney damage in a population exposed to cadmium and other heavy metals. Hodgson, S; Jarup, L; Nieuwenhuijsen, M; Thomas, LD, 2009) | 0.61 |
| " The percent removal of both the metals was found to increase with the increase in biosorbent dosage and contact time." | ( Biosorption of cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions using mushrooms: a comparative study. Das, N; Vimala, R, 2009) | 0.71 |
| "Some studies show that Cd(2+) and Hg(2+) may induce cell proliferation and apoptosis via biphasic dose-response relationship in human cells." | ( The role of MAPK in the biphasic dose-response phenomenon induced by cadmium and mercury in HEK293 cells. Hao, C; Hao, W; Jiang, J; Shang, L; Wei, X; Xing, L, 2009) | 0.59 |
| " This is likely to give erroneous conclusions for a dose-response relationship within the toxicity test and potentially lead to wrong conclusions for the ecological risks of metals where species may have higher sensitivities with gender and life stage than indicated or that functionally metals may be sequestered into parts of the body so are not bioavailable." | ( Amphipod susceptibility to metals: cautionary tales. Pastorinho, MR; Soares, AM; Telfer, TC, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The amendment combination investigated successfully increased the immobilization of Pb, Cu and Cd by this minesoil, but a change in the amendment dosage is necessary in order to achieve near-neutral pH and minimize the predominance of Ca(2+) in the exchangeable cation complex." | ( Effects of sewage sludge and barley straw treatment on the sorption and retention of Cu, Cd and Pb by coppermine Anthropic Regosols. Andrade, ML; Covelo, EF; Vega, FA, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The important process parameters, such as initial solution pH (2-8), initial Ni(II) concentration (11-42 mg/l), initial Cd(II) concentration (11-42 mg/l), and biomass dosage (0." | ( Biosorption equilibria of binary Cd(II) and Ni(II) systems onto Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ralstonia eutropha cells: application of response surface methodology. Daneshi, A; Fereidouni, M; Younesi, H, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "The hormetic dose-response relationships induced by environmental toxic agents are often characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition." | ( The hormetic effect of cadmium on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Shen, G; Yu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhu, H, 2009) | 0.66 |
| " Dose-response relationships were shown between UCd and the prevalence of increased levels of biomarkers in urine of renal tubular dysfunction such as urinary beta-2-microglobulin or N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase - NAG or urinary albumin, a biomarker of glomerular kidney dysfunction." | ( Prevalence of kidney dysfunction in humans - relationship to cadmium dose, metallothionein, immunological and metabolic factors. Chen, L; Hong, F; Jin, T; Lei, L; Lu, J; Nordberg, GF; Nordberg, M; Wu, X, 2009) | 0.59 |
| "Hormesis, a biphasic dose-response phenomenon, is characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition." | ( Biphasic effect of cadmium on cell proliferation in human embryo lung fibroblast cells and its molecular mechanism. Duan, W; Jiang, G; Song, S; Wu, L; Xu, L; Zhu, C, 2009) | 0.68 |
| " The biofilters were dosed with stormwater according to three different dry/wet schemes, to investigate the effect of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on metal removal." | ( Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters. Blecken, GT; Deletić, A; Fletcher, TD; Viklander, M; Zinger, Y, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Functionally, the resting (state 4, ADP-limited) respiration rate was not affected in the dose-response exposure, but it decreased remarkably on low-dose incubation." | ( Reciprocal enhancement of uptake and toxicity of cadmium and calcium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver mitochondria. Adiele, RC; Kamunde, C; Stevens, D, 2010) | 0.62 |
| " While there were instances of significant alterations at individual time points and within cell line-to-cell line comparisons there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or correlations to the phenotypic properties of the cell lines." | ( Beclin-1 expression in normal bladder and in Cd2+ and As3+ exposed and transformed human urothelial cells (UROtsa). Dunlevy, JR; Garrett, SH; Larson, JL; Sens, DA; Sens, MA; Somji, S; Zhou, XD, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Factors affecting Cd(II) adsorption such as pH value and adsorbent dosage were investigated." | ( Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by corn stalk graft copolymers. Dang, Z; Liu, C; Yi, X; Zhang, H; Zheng, L; Zhu, C, 2010) | 0.75 |
| " Optimal experimental conditions including pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time have been established." | ( Simultaneous removal of heavy-metal ions in wastewater samples using nano-alumina modified with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Afkhami, A; Bagheri, H; Saber-Tehrani, M, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Three-way ANOVA analysis showed that both temperature and photoperiod interacted with the dosage of Cd to influence the abundance of psbA and psaB, but not rbcL." | ( Photoperiod and temperature influence cadmium's effects on photosynthesis-related gene transcription in Chlorella vulgaris. Fu, Z; Jiang, H; Li, J; Pan, X; Qian, H; Sun, L, 2010) | 0.63 |
| " However, estimated cumulative daily intakes from tested homeopathic products were in all cases lower than permitted daily exposures for all dosage forms." | ( Preliminary investigation of metal and metalloid contamination of homeopathic products marketed in Croatia. Bosnir, J; Dragun, Z; Puntarić, D; Tomić, S; Tumir, H; Vedrina-Dragojević, I, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The Cd(II) removal efficiency was increased with increasing solution pH while the highest achieved at sorbent dosage 10." | ( Cd(II) adsorption on various adsorbents obtained from charred biomaterials. Imaizumi, S; Inui, T; Katsumi, T; Li, Z; Tang, X, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The adsorption of surfactant micelles and Cd(2+)/Zn(2+) in MEUF was studied by changing the surfactant dosage and the Cd(2+)/Zn(2+) concentration in the feed." | ( Adsorption of surfactant micelles and Cd2+/Zn2+ in micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. He, SB; Huang, JH; Li, X; Shi, LJ; Zeng, GM; Zhou, CF, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "54), respectively, with a progressive dose-response relation and no difference by smoking status." | ( Cadmium and peripheral arterial disease: gender differences in the 1999-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Crainiceanu, CM; Guallar, E; Navas-Acien, A; Sharrett, AR; Tellez-Plaza, M, 2010) | 1.8 |
| "The effect of a dried egg white dietary supplement (2%) on cadmium distribution was examined within 32 d post dosing in the carcass, liver, kidneys, testes, and thigh muscles of male Wistar rats administered cadmium chloride daily, orally for 28 d at a dose corresponding to 10 mg/Cd/kg of feed." | ( Dietary dried egg white protein influences accumulation and distribution of cadmium in rats. Grosicki, A, 2010) | 0.83 |
| " Metal concentrations in the bulk leaf and in the apoplast, through which the pathogen invades the leaf, were shown to be sufficient to account for the defensive effect by comparison with in vitro dose-response curves." | ( Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease. Davis, CA; Fang, F; Fones, H; Preston, GM; Rico, A; Smith, JA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The dose-response models were constructed based on two endpoints of % Cd in metabolically active pool (MAP) and susceptibility time that causes 50% effect (ST50)." | ( Assessing the impact of waterborne and dietborne cadmium toxicity on susceptibility risk for rainbow trout. Chen, BC; Chen, WY; Ju, YR; Liao, CM, 2011) | 0.62 |
| "For cadmium, the lack of statistical significance of most results, potential confounding and the absence of clear dose-response relations suggest that an association with RCC is unlikely to be causal." | ( Occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel, and renal cell carcinoma: a case-control study from Central and Eastern Europe. Bencko, V; Boffetta, P; Brennan, P; Chow, WH; Ferro, G; Fontana, L; Foretova, L; Janout, V; Jinga, V; Karami, S; Kollarova, H; Matveev, V; Moore, LE; Rothman, N; Stewart, P; Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N; van Bemmel, D; Zaridze, D, 2011) | 1.21 |
| " Moreover, on the basis of the results obtained in the present work, it is concluded that the present techniques are suitable for the routine determination of toxic metals concentration in various pharmaceutical dosage forms." | ( Toxic metal contamination in Artemisia annua L. herbal preparations from different commercial sources in China. Tan, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Xu, R, 2011) | 0.37 |
| ", the resistance to intraparticle diffusion) were hardly affected by the temperature and the particle size contrary to the sorbent dosage and the metal concentration, which show greater impact." | ( Cd(II) biosorption using Lessonia kelps. Boschi, C; Guibal, E; Ly, M; Maldonado, H, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The initial pH of the solution, sorbent's dosage and grain size affected the removal efficiency of the heavy meals significantly, while the organic matter in mollusk shells affected the removal efficiency to a lesser extent." | ( Biosorption of divalent Pb, Cd and Zn on aragonite and calcite mollusk shells. Du, Y; Lian, F; Zhu, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Finally, a test for trend was performed in order to evaluate possible dose-response relationships between metal levels and changes in variables categories." | ( Mercury, lead and cadmium in human milk in relation to diet, lifestyle habits and sociodemographic variables in Madrid (Spain). Aragonés, N; Asensio, A; Astray, J; Bohigas, PA; Cisneros, M; de Paz, C; de Santos, A; Fernández, MA; García, JF; García-Esquinas, E; García-Sagredo, JM; Gil, E; González, MJ; Iriso, A; López-Abente, G; Martínez, M; Pastor, R; Pérez-Gómez, B; Pérez-Meixeira, AM; Pollán, M; Sanz, JC; Vioque, J, 2011) | 0.7 |
| "When the present observation of bilinear relation at low Cd exposure levels was combined with the previous observation of very sharp increase in responses among heavily exposed cases, it appeared likely that the overall relationship is tri-phasic in Cd dose-response relationship in humans." | ( Bi-linear dose--response relationship in general populations with low-level cadmium exposures in non-polluted areas in Japan. Ikeda, M; Moriguchi, J; Ohashi, F; Sakuragi, S, 2012) | 0.61 |
| "The present study was taken up to assess the role of subchronic exposure to an environmentally relevant dosage of cadmium in type l diabetes." | ( Prior cadmium exposure improves glucoregulation in diabetic rats but exacerbates effects on metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and hepatic and renal toxicity. Baxi, D; Diwedi, R; Ramachandran, AV; Singh, PK, 2012) | 1.07 |
| "These results suggest a dose-response relationship between Cd body burden and mortality for cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and nephritis and nephrosis." | ( Relationship between urinary cadmium and mortality in habitants of a cadmium-polluted area: a 22-year follow-up study in Japan. Dai, M; Kido, T; Li, Q; Morikawa, Y; Nakagawa, H; Nakamura, K; Nishijo, M; Nogawa, K; Sakurai, M, 2011) | 0.66 |
| "The removal/adsorption of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions was found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage and contact time." | ( Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from water by Fe and Ag nanoparticles prepared using electro-exploding wire technique. Alhemiary, NA; Alqudami, A; Munassar, S, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " However, such toxicity difference disappeared and all the data points could be fitted to a single Logistic dose-response curve when cell growth inhibition was plotted against the free Cd(2+) concentration." | ( Cd2+ Toxicity to a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as influenced by its adsorption on TiO2 engineered nanoparticles. Miao, AJ; Yang, LY; Yang, WW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " In the analysis of dose-response relationship, the diabetes mellitus group showed increases in the slope for β2-MG-U and in the intercept for NAG-U." | ( Association of past diseases with levels of cadmium and tubular dysfunction markers in urine of adult women in non-polluted areas in Japan. Ikeda, M; Moriguchi, J; Ohashi, F; Sakuragi, S, 2013) | 0.65 |
| " We found dose-response relationships between UCd and the prevalence of increased levels of biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction (urinary beta-2-microglobulin, B2M, or N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase - NAG) or urinary albumin (UAlb), a biomarker of glomerular kidney dysfunction." | ( Kidney dysfunction and cadmium exposure--factors influencing dose-response relationships. Bergdahl, IA; Chen, L; Hong, F; Jin, T; Lei, L; Liang, Y; Lu, J; Nordberg, G; Nordberg, M; Wu, X, 2012) | 0.69 |
| " Dose-response relationships between Cd exposure dose and biomarkers of tubular dysfunction were studied." | ( The reference dose for subchronic exposure of pigs to cadmium leading to early renal damage by benchmark dose method. Cai, X; Guo, B; Liu, X; Wei, S; Wei, Y; Wu, X; Yang, M; Zhao, D, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " A Hill-based dose-response model was used to assess human renal dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease risks for long-term Cd exposure." | ( Assessing human exposure risk to cadmium through inhalation and seafood consumption. Chen, WY; Ju, YR; Liao, CM, 2012) | 0.66 |
| " The two contaminants produced notable yet different toxic effects on the test microbes; the population of the exposed species generally declined according to certain dose-response relationships." | ( Ecotoxicological effects of decabromodiphenyl ether and cadmium contamination on soil microbes and enzymes. An, S; Cui, C; Li, H; Lin, K; Xiong, B; Zhang, M; Zhang, W, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " A dose-response effect between increasing cadmium concentration and progressively worsening lung function was observed in smokers." | ( Serum heavy metals and obstructive lung disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Agarwal, S; Rokadia, HK, 2013) | 0.65 |
| " Meanwhile, the dosage of chlorophylls shows that they tend to decrease in a dose-dependent for both treatments (Cd or Cd/Zn), however, treatment with low concentrations of Zn (50 and 100 μM) stimulates chlorophyll synthesis." | ( [Bioaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)]. Berrabbah, H; Djebar, MR; Sbartai, H; Sbartai, I, 2012) | 0.7 |
| " MDA content is a potential biomarker for monitoring Cd phytotoxicity because it responds significantly to treatment dosage, exposure time and dosage × exposure time interaction." | ( Oxidative response and antioxidative mechanism in germinating soybean seeds exposed to cadmium. Li, Q; Xie, J; Yang, S, 2012) | 0.6 |
| " (1) Although each doses of ultrasonic vibration could improve seed germination, enhance biosynthesis of protein and chlorophyll and seedlings growth, the optimum dosage of ultrasonic vibration was 10 min." | ( Ultrasonic vibration seeds showed improved resistance to cadmium and lead in wheat seedling. Chen, YP; Liang, J; Liu, Q; Meng, ZW; Yue, XZ, 2013) | 0.64 |
| " The grass Deschampsia cespitosa was dosed with either Ni or Cd or pulsed with exogenous ABA." | ( Chelator profiling in Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Reveals a Ni reaction, which is distinct from the ABA and cytokinin associated response to Cd. Coates, KE; Emery, RJ; Galer, AL; Hayward, AR; Hutchinson, TC, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The materials were two new standard reference materials (SRMs)--SRM 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal and SRM 3532 Calcium Dietary Supplement--as well as several existing materials--SRM 3258 Bitter Orange Fruit, SRM 3259 Bitter Orange Extract, SRM 3260 Bitter Orange-containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets." | ( Recognizing and overcoming analytical error in the use of ICP-MS for the determination of cadmium in breakfast cereal and dietary supplements. Murphy, KE; Vetter, TW, 2013) | 0.61 |
| " Cd affected these biochemical parameters significantly, especially for superoxide (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione (GSH), which began to show higher sensitivity and have a significant difference in low dosage (0." | ( Bioavailability and oxidative stress of cadmium to Corbicula fluminea. Luo, J; Ma, H; Ma, LQ; Ren, J; Wang, X, 2013) | 0.66 |
| "The effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), dosed alone or in combination have been poorly investigated in crustaceans." | ( The role of lipoic acid in the protection against of metallic pollutant effects in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda). Fattorini, D; Lobato, RO; Monserrat, JM; Nunes, SM; Regoli, F; Ventura-Lima, J; Wasielesky, W, 2013) | 0.74 |
| " Age- and urinary cadmium-specific analysis for all the subjects showed a mild linear dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and proteins in the younger women, and a steep progress of renal dysfunction over the threshold of urinary cadmium (10μg/g creatinine) in the older women." | ( Age-relevant renal effects of cadmium exposure through consumption of home-harvested rice in female Japanese farmers. Horiguchi, H; Hosoi, Y; Kayama, F; Miyamoto, K; Murakami, K; Murata, K; Oguma, E; Okubo, H; Sasaki, S, 2013) | 1.01 |
| " Application of ALA at lower dosage (2 mg/l) enhanced the seedling growth and biomass." | ( 5-Aminolevulinic acid ameliorates cadmium-induced morphological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in seedlings of oilseed rape. Ali, B; Ali, S; Daud, MK; Geng, XX; Huang, CR; Liu, HB; Qi, ZY; Zhou, WJ, 2013) | 0.67 |
| " Experiments were conducted with different contact times, various initial concentrations, initial solution pH and serial biosorbent dosage to examine the dynamic characterization of the adsorption and its influence on Cd uptake capacity." | ( Dynamic behaviour of Cd2+ adsorption in equilibrium batch studies by CaCO3(-)-rich Corbicula fluminea shell. Aris, AZ; Ismail, FA; Latif, PA, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The effects of the solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and dosage of the adsorbent on the adsorption process were examined." | ( Selective adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using chitosan-MAA nanoparticles. Heidari, A; Heikkinen, H; Mehraban, Z; Younesi, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The effect of experimental parameters, such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and temperature were examined, and the maximum adsorption amount was also calculated." | ( [Adsorption of Cd2+ ions in aqueous by diamine-modified ordered mesoporous SBA-15 particles]. Li, RH; Li, ZH; Meng, ZF; Qin, R; Wang, L; Yang, YT; Zhang, M; Zhang, ZQ, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " An increase in adsorbent dosage increased Cd(II) removal but decreased adsorption capacity and it was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model." | ( Kinetics of cadmium(II) uptake by mixed maghemite-magnetite nanoparticles. Chowdhury, SR; Yanful, EK, 2013) | 0.77 |
| " Data obtained from dose-response curves were used to evaluate the interactive effects of metal mixtures on cell viability." | ( In vitro evaluation of cell death induced by cadmium, lead and their binary mixtures on erythrocytes of Common buzzard (Buteo buteo). García-Fernández, AJ; Gómez-Ramírez, P; Hernández-García, A; María-Mojica, P; Martínez-López, E; Romero, D, 2014) | 0.66 |
| " The sub-chronic treatment revealed that the low-dose combination of Pb and Cd exposures can significantly change the physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with dose-response relationship and causes microcytic hypochromic anemia and the damages of liver and kidney of the SD rats to various degrees." | ( Toxicological assessment of combined lead and cadmium: acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in rats. Dai, S; Jia, R; Li, L; Lu, H; Shu, Y; Song, X; Xu, J; Yin, Z; Yuan, G; Zhao, X, 2014) | 0.66 |
| " However, there was not a linear dose-response and these findings await replication." | ( Association of cadmium, lead and mercury with paraoxonase 1 activity in women. Ahrens, KA; Browne, RW; Mumford, SL; Pollack, AZ; Schisterman, EF; Sjaarda, L; Wactawski-Wende, J, 2014) | 0.76 |
| " Our results revealed that increased malformation rate provide a gradual dose-response relationship, and the most pronounced morphological alteration was heart and body malformations." | ( Developmental toxicity in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) embryos exposed to Cu, Zn and Cd. Li, DL; Ling, F; Liu, L; Wang, GX; Zhu, B, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The effects of various factors including contact time, initial cadmium ion concentration, pH and adsorbent dosage have been evaluated." | ( Removal of cadmium ions from wastewater using innovative electronic waste-derived material. Chen, G; Hadi, P; McKay, G; Xu, M, 2014) | 1.03 |
| " A Cd group was injected subcutaneously with CdCl2 dissolved in saline at a dose of 2 ml/kg/day for 30 days, resulting in a dosage of 1 mg/kg Cd." | ( Protective effects of onion extract on cadmium-induced oxidative stress, histological damage, and apoptosis in rat heart. Akkoyun, DC; Aktas, C; Akyuz, A; Alpsoy, S; Erboga, M; Kanter, M; Oran, M, 2014) | 0.67 |
| " These modeling results are compared to a more traditional independent-action approach based on the dose-response curves for a single end point at a single time point." | ( Dynamic modeling of sublethal mixture toxicity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cedergreen, N; Gudmundsdóttir, EM; Jager, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "5 hours at 24 ± 1 °C for 10 mg/L biosorbent dosage and initial metal ions concentration of 20 mg/L." | ( Kinetic studies of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions biosorption from aqueous media using untreated and chemically treated biosorbents. Bakyayita, GK; Kulabako, RN; Nalubega, M; Norrström, AC, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Dose-response relationships between the algal photosynthetic activity inhibition rates after 48 h and 53 h inhibition and Cd2+ toxic equivalency quantity were further analyzed." | ( [Study on a new method of fast monitoring toxicity of Cd2+ by algal in water]. Duan, JB; Fang, L; Liu, WQ; Xiao, X; Yin, GF; Yu, XY; Zhang, YJ; Zhao, NJ, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The influences of the dosage of emulsifier, porogen and outer aqueous phase on the morphology and adsorption property of MIP were studied." | ( [Synthesis and adsorption property of Cd(II) - 8-hydroxyquinoline molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres]. Chang, ZQ; Chen, FB; Yang, CY; Zhang, ZJ; Zhao, H, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The results of the activities changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in plasma showed that the hepatotoxicity of coexposure was lower than that of single exposure, and the hepatotoxicity and accumulation of oMWCNTs in livers depended strongly on the exposure dosage of oMWCNTs." | ( The effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on hepatotoxicity of Cd2+ in accumulated cadmium-metallothione in mice. Juanjuan, B; Longlong, T; Peng, L; Wangsuo, W; Wei, Q; Zhan, L, 2014) | 0.63 |
| " A drastic effect was observed on spermatozoon production, with a dose-response relationship." | ( Proteomic investigation of male Gammarus fossarum, a freshwater crustacean, in response to endocrine disruptors. Abbaci, K; Armengaud, J; Chaumot, A; Gaillard, JC; Geffard, O; Habtoul, Y; Pible, O; Trapp, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium levels and tubular effects." | ( Benchmark dose estimation for cadmium-induced renal tubular damage among environmental cadmium-exposed women aged 35-54 years in two counties of China. Chen, JW; Han, TX; Hu, J; Li, M; Wang, Q; Ye, LX; Zhou, YK, 2014) | 0.9 |
| "In the US older adult population, blood lead but not urine cadmium concentrations showed a direct dose-response relationship with frailty." | ( Association of lead and cadmium exposure with frailty in US older adults. Artalejo, FR; García-Esquinas, E; Navas-Acien, A; Pérez-Gómez, B, 2015) | 0.97 |
| " The results showed that Cd (II) reduction rate increased with increase in dosage of biological iron sulfide composites and initial temperature." | ( Characterization of biological iron sulfide composites and its application in the treatment of cadmium-contaminated wastewater. Li, X; Xie, Y; Yang, Y, 2015) | 0.64 |
| " This narrow range for dose-response implies that a toxicological spillover point occurs when the detoxification capacity of various tissues within the animal are exceeded, and this likely occurs at a similar whole-body concentration for all naïvely exposed fish species." | ( Tissue concentrations as the dose metric to assess potential toxic effects of metals in field-collected fish: Copper and cadmium. Meador, JP, 2015) | 0.62 |
| " Citric acid increased Cd and Pb contents in plant shoots in all treatments by about 78% and 18-45%, respectively, at the dosage of 10 mM kg(-1) soil without affecting aboveground biomass production." | ( Use of Energy Crop (Ricinus communis L.) for Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals Assisted with Citric Acid. Chen, X; He, C; Lei, Y; Liang, X; Liu, X; Oh, K; Zhang, H, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Recent studies are indicative of substantial progress in understanding the dose-response relation between the incidence of total and lung cancer and environmental cadmium exposure." | ( Association of total cancer and lung cancer with environmental exposure to cadmium: the meta-analytical evidence. Hara, A; Martens, DS; Nawrot, TS; Plusquin, M; Roels, HA; Staessen, JA; Vangronsveld, J, 2015) | 0.84 |
| " Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were obtained and the effects of solution pH value and adsorbent dosage were studied in batch experiments." | ( Study of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from glycyrrhiza residue by KOH or H₃PO₄activation. Fan, W; Feng, N; Ma, C; Shi, Y; Zhang, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Adsorption results suggested that EPS had a specific binding affinity for the dosed heavy metal, and that EPS extracted from the Zn(2+)-dosed system had a higher binding affinity for all heavy metals." | ( Component analysis and heavy metal adsorption ability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from sulfate reducing bacteria. Chen, TH; Li, CC; Li, Q; Wang, J; Yue, ZB, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The Cd-treated group was injected subcutaneously with CdCl2 dissolved in saline in the amount of 2 ml/kg/day for 30 days, resulting in a dosage of 1 mg/kg Cd." | ( Thymoquinone Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Rats is Based on its Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Oxidant Properties. Aktas, C; Bozdemir Donmez, Y; Erboga, M; Fidanol Erboga, Z; Gurel, A; Kanter, M; Sener, U, 2016) | 0.74 |
| " In this study, we found that high mortality occurred in exposed embryos after 24 hpf, when cadmium (Cd) dosage was above 17." | ( Mechanisms of cadmium-caused eye hypoplasia and hypopigmentation in zebrafish embryos. Liu, JX; Ma, XF; Zhang, T; Zhou, XY, 2015) | 1 |
| " In dose-response experiments, cleavage of procaspase-3, PARP-1, and LC3-II was induced by Cd with an IC50 of 45 μM." | ( Autophagy regulated by prolyl isomerase Pin1 and phospho-Ser-GSK3αβ involved in protection of oral squamous cell carcinoma against cadmium toxicity. Ahn, SG; Oh, SH; So, KY, 2015) | 0.62 |
| " Three different models of multiple linear regression (the cre-corrected, un-corrected and cre-adjusted model) were used to model the dose-response relationships between U-Cd and nine urine markers." | ( Associations between Urinary Excretion of Cadmium and Renal Biomarkers in Nonsmoking Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas of South China. Chen, WC; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Li, ZX; Liang, XX; Ong, CN; Tan, CS; Tan, JB; Wang, J; Wang, P; Wu, SX; Wu, YN; Yang, XF; Zhang, YR, 2015) | 0.68 |
| " Also, factors including initial solution pH, initial Cd(2+)/BPA concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption processes were shown to be crucial for Cd(2+) adsorption, whereas had negligible effects on BPA adsorption." | ( Simultaneous adsorption of Cd²⁺ and BPA on amphoteric surfactant activated montmorillonite. Liu, C; Tran, L; Wu, P; Zhu, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The results showed that an increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage resulted in increase of the adsorption rate." | ( Kinetic and isotherm modeling of Cd (II) adsorption by L-cysteine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent. Akbari-adergani, B; Taghavi, M; Yousefi, Z; Zazouli, MA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The experimental parameters that affect the bioremediation process such as pH, contact time and biomass dosage were studied." | ( Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated aqueous solution by using red algae Porphyra leucosticta. Gao, L; Lin, G; Xiao, B; Xiao, H; Xu, W; Ye, J, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Dosing biotin, l-aspartic acid and cytokinin simultaneously was the most effective." | ( Recovery of nitrification in cadmium-inhibited activated sludge system by bio-accelerators. Ji, M; Wang, Y; Zhai, H; Zhao, Y, 2016) | 0.73 |
| " The study included ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments, survey of benthic organisms in the field, as well as chromium, cadmium and lead dosage which provided data for a sediment quality triad evaluation." | ( Ecotoxicological evaluation of sediments applied to environmental forensic investigation. Alves, RH; Rietzler, AC, 2015) | 0.62 |
| "62), and there was evidence of a dose-response relationship for green and herbal tea." | ( Is there a relationship between tea intake and maternal whole blood heavy metal concentrations? Arbuckle, TE; Colapinto, CK; Dubois, L; Fraser, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "03ng/g were associated with increased risk for almost every CHD subtype, with a dose-response relationship." | ( Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Deng, Y; Hu, H; Jin, X; Li, N; Li, X; Liu, Z; Tian, X; Zhu, J, 2016) | 0.72 |
| " These synergisms relative to IA were most pronounced in quaternary mixtures and when the dose-response curves had steep slopes." | ( Mixture toxicity and interactions of copper, nickel, cadmium, and zinc to barley at low effect levels: Something from nothing? Blust, R; De Schamphelaere, K; Evers, S; Smolders, E; Versieren, L, 2016) | 0.68 |
| " When pectin dosage was less than 30 g kg(-1), the increase in Cd(II) adsorption with the increasing dose of pectin was greater than that when the pectin dosage was >30 g kg(-1)." | ( Adsorption of Cd(II) by two variable-charge soils in the presence of pectin. Qian, W; Wang, RH; Xu, RK; Yu, YC; Zhao, MH; Zhu, XF, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " There was a negative dose-response relationship between Cd exposure and the expression of ABCG2 or ABCB4 protein." | ( Down-regulation of ABCG2 and ABCB4 transporters in the placenta of rats exposed to cadmium. Chen, X; Deng, Y; Ding, Z; Dong, M; Hu, S; Huang, J; Li, H; Liu, L; Zeng, Y; Zhao, N; Zhou, L; Zhou, S, 2016) | 0.66 |
| " The significant down-regulation of coagulation factor XIII A1 polypeptide (F13A1), tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), and Golgi-associated plant pathogenesis-related protein (GAPr) during both acute (≤96h) and sub-chronic (35d) waterborne Cd exposure, as well as their dosage dependence, suggested that these three genes could be used as sensitive biomarkers for aquatic Cd risk assessment." | ( Transcriptome profiling analysis of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) gills after waterborne cadmium exposure. Huang, J; Jin, L; Liu, XH; Pu, DY; Wang, ZJ; Zhang, YG, 2016) | 0.65 |
| " In addition, it was found that some biomarkers were sensitive to both Cu and Cd dosed in isolation, but not to Cu+Cd mixtures." | ( Mixture toxicity of copper, cadmium, and zinc to barley seedlings is not explained by antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. AbdElgawad, H; Asard, H; Evers, S; Smolders, E; Versieren, L, 2017) | 0.75 |
| " The cadmium-treated group was injected subcutaneously with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) dissolved in saline at a dose of 2 mL/kg/ day for 30 days, resulting in a dosage of 1 mg/kg cadmium." | ( Role of Quercetin in Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Testicular Damage, and Apoptosis in Rats. Aktas, C; Aktoz, T; Kanter, B; Kanter, M; Ozen, F; Yarali, O, 2016) | 1.27 |
| " fetida and they differed in their dose-response relationships." | ( Oxidative stress responses and insights into the sensitivity of the earthworms Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida to soil cadmium. Chen, X; Gu, X; Ji, R; Jiang, Y; Wang, X, 2017) | 0.66 |
| " The toxic effects of Cd were alleviated by exogenously applied MG in a dosage dependent fashion, and 700 mM MG reached significant differences, but this alleviating effect was eliminated by the treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, MG scavenger), suggesting that MG could mitigate Cd toxicity in wheat." | ( Methylglyoxal alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Duan, XQ; Li, ZG; Min, X; Wang, Y; Xia, YM; Zhou, ZH, 2017) | 0.76 |
| "55) for Hg; however, no dose-response relation emerged." | ( Lead, cadmium and mercury in cerebrospinal fluid and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study. Bargellini, A; Filippini, T; Fini, N; Grill, P; Mandrioli, J; Michalke, B; Vinceti, M; Violi, F; Weuve, J, 2017) | 0.94 |
| " However, some protective elements may become toxic under certain conditions, depending on dosage (serum concentration), duration of treatment and interactions among individual elements." | ( Trace elements have beneficial, as well as detrimental effects on bone homeostasis. Blahos, J; Davis, M; Zofkova, I, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "01] in a dose-response manner, and it negatively correlated with PedsQL scores (regression coefficient: -0." | ( Association of blood heavy metals with developmental delays and health status in children. Chen, WJ; Chien, SN; Hsieh, RL; Hsueh, YM; Huang, SR; Lee, CY; Lin, MI; Mu, SC; Shiue, HS, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " All determined phenolic compounds in both leaves and roots at high dosage levels were enhanced compared to the uncontaminated plant." | ( Response of phenolic metabolism to cadmium and phenanthrene and its influence on pollutant translocations in the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (Ac). Jiang, S; Liu, J; Liu, T; Lu, H; Su, Y; Weng, B; Yan, C, 2017) | 0.73 |
| " We introduce the daily dosage and absorption rate of flavonoids and then focus on their bioactive effects against Cd-induced toxicity and reveal the underlying metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study of the nutritional prevention of Cd-induced injury." | ( Cytoprotective effects of dietary flavonoids against cadmium-induced toxicity. Bai, W; Jiang, X; Li, X; Liu, L; Sun, J; Tian, L; Zhu, C, 2017) | 0.7 |
| " Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the dose-response behavior, and it was observed that the Freundlich model provided the highest R2 value." | ( Biosorptive Removal of Cadmium by Khan, F; Pandey, M; Pandey, PK; Sahu, C, 2018) | 0.79 |
| " The effect of various factors, such as surface chemistry and dosage of adsorbent, contact time, size of particles, initial concentration of cadmium, temperature, and pH of aqueous solutions, was investigated." | ( Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies with linear and non-linear fitting for cadmium(II) removal by black carbon of pine cone. Noroozifar, M; Yavari, Z, 2017) | 0.88 |
| " halleri at a weekly Zn and Cd dosage of 123 and 1 mg, respectively." | ( How tapeworm infection and consumption of a Cd and Zn hyperaccumulating plant may affect Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in an animal-a plant consumer and tapeworm host. Jankovská, I; Langrová, I; Magdálek, J; Nechybová, S; Peřinková, P; Sloup, V; Száková, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " After adjusting for potential confounders, detectable As levels were associated with decrements in global and verbal executive functions and quantitative abilities; detectable Hg was associated with lower scores on the verbal function of posterior cortex in a dose-response manner, and non-linearly related to poorer motor function and gross motor skills; and Mn levels were associated with decrement in perceptual-performance skills in a dose-response manner but with better memory span and quantitative skills." | ( Prenatal co-exposure to neurotoxic metals and neurodevelopment in preschool children: The Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Amaya, E; Andiarena, A; Aurrekoetxea, J; Bustamante, M; Ezama, E; Fernández, MF; Fernández-Tardón, G; Freire, C; Gil, F; Guxens, M; Llop, S; Murcia, M; Olea, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Copper at the applied dosage was safe for the spiders without causing visible changes in the hemocyte ultrastructure and in the level of analyzed cell death indices." | ( Effects of food contaminated with cadmium and copper on hemocytes of Steatoda grossa (Araneae: Theridiidae). Kaszuba, F; Kozina, B; Rost-Roszkowska, M; Skowronek, M; Stalmach, M; Wilczek, G; Wilczek, P; Wiśniewska, K, 2018) | 0.76 |
| "Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models, as the General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS), provide a consistent process-based framework compared to classical dose-response models to analyze both time and concentration-dependent data sets." | ( New Insights to Compare and Choose TKTD Models for Survival Based on an Interlaboratory Study for Lymnaea stagnalis Exposed to Cd. Baudrot, V; Charles, S; Ducrot, V; Pave, A; Preux, S, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The ultrastructure and morphometrics of pigmented macrophages (PMs) were assessed in the spleen of European sea bass experimentally dosed with Cd and Hg." | ( Pigmented macrophages and related aggregates in the spleen of european sea bass dosed with heavy metals: Ultrastructure and explorative morphometric analysis. DePasquale, JA; Giari, L; Manera, M; Sayyaf Dezfuli, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " There was a dose-response relationship between Cd accumulations in larvae cuticle, head, guts and Cd concentrations in artificial diets, and the highest one was found in the guts, regardless of generations." | ( Effects of Cd accumulation on cutworm Spodoptera litura larvae via Cd treated Chinese flowering cabbage Brassica campestris and artificial diets. Chen, J; Jin, P; Li, J; Li, K; Shu, Y; Wang, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The amendments tested included fine and coarse coal-based activated carbons (AC), an enhanced pinewood derived biochar (EPB), organoclay, and coke dosed at 5% of sediment dry weight." | ( Enhanced biochars can match activated carbon performance in sediments with high native bioavailability and low final porewater PCB concentrations. Ghosh, U; Gomez-Eyles, JL, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "5 unit with the dosage of 3 and 5% (wt%), respectively." | ( Stabilization of Cd-, Pb-, Cu- and Zn-contaminated calcareous agricultural soil using red mud: a field experiment. Chai, L; Li, F; Luo, L; Song, J; Wang, Y; Xiao, R; Yang, Z, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Six treatments were involved in the study: control without fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), high nitrogen chemical fertilizer (HN), rice straw incorporation (ST), low and high dosage of manure fertilizer (LM and HM)." | ( Distribution and availability of cadmium in profile and aggregates of a paddy soil with 30-year fertilization and its impact on Cd accumulation in rice plant. Duan, MM; Huang, DY; Rao, ZX; Wang, H; Wu, JS; Xiong, J; Xu, C; Zhu, HH; Zhu, QH, 2018) | 0.76 |
| "A sympathetic description was showed from the aspects of microbial activity,diversity and abundance of soil ecosystem,and the models were constructed to describe the dose-response relationship between PYR-Sb and Cd-Rt." | ( [Mechanism of Soil Eco-Functional Stability Under Pyrene/Cadmium Simplex and Combined Pollution Stress]. Chen, XY; Li, M; Niu, XC; Su, YX; Yang, HZ; Zhang, Y, 2017) | 0.7 |
| "0 mm) and biosorbent dosage (1." | ( Biosorption of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous solution by natural foxtail millet shell. He, L; He, X; Liu, X; Peng, SH; Wang, R; Yang, LZ, 2018) | 0.77 |
| " The adsorption process via batch method was optimized, and the impacts of pH of feed, the dosage of adsorbent, and concentration of cadmium were analyzed." | ( A novel natural chitosan/activated carbon/iron bio-nanocomposite: Sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and application for cadmium removal in batch and continuous adsorption process. Rad, SH; Rezvanpanah, E; Shahraki, ZH; Sharififard, H, 2018) | 0.89 |
| " The increase in the CKD prevalence due to cadmium exposure was simulated based on a previously reported pharmacokinetic model describing the relationship between dietary cadmium intake and urinary cadmium (UCd), as well as a previously published dose-response relationship between UCd and GFR." | ( Global burden of late-stage chronic kidney disease resulting from dietary exposure to cadmium, 2015. Bolger, PM; Devleesschauwer, B; Gibb, HJ; Goodman, E; Zang, Y, 2019) | 1 |
| " A dose-response relationship between hearing loss and heavy metal exposure was observed in the high-frequency method after adjustment for confounding factors." | ( Comparison of Pure-Tone Average Methods for Estimation of Hearing Loss Caused by Environmental Exposure to Lead and Cadmium: Does the Pure-Tone Average Method Which Uses Low-Frequency Ranges Underestimate the Actual Hearing Loss Caused by Environmental Le Choi, YH; Huh, DA; Ji, MS; Moon, KW; Sohn, JR; Yoon, SJ, 2018) | 0.69 |
| " The aim of the present study was to analyse the shape of the dose-response relationship for the genotoxic effects of Cd in occupational settings." | ( Absence of genotoxic impact assessed by micronucleus frequency in circulating lymphocytes of workers exposed to cadmium. Baeyens, A; Bastin, P; Haufroid, V; Lison, D; Van Maele-Fabry, G; Vermeulen, S; Vral, A, 2019) | 0.73 |
| " Cadmium was associated with a small increase in risk, with no evidence of a dose-response relationship (for fourth vs." | ( Toenail-Based Metal Concentrations and Young-Onset Breast Cancer. Jackson, BP; Karagas, MR; O'Brien, KM; Sandler, DP; Weinberg, CR; White, AJ, 2019) | 1.42 |
| " Mast cells had full dose-response depletion of glutathione below cytotoxic levels while in macrophages the depletion was not complete." | ( Cell-specific immune-modulation of cadmium on murine macrophages and mast cell lines in vitro. García-Mendoza, D; Han, B; van den Berg, HJHJ; van den Brink, NW, 2019) | 0.79 |
| " Firstly, the effects of contact time, pH value, temperature, biomass dosage and initial cadmium concentration on the cadmium adsorption by Shewanella putrefaciens were studied by single factor experiments." | ( Optimization of cadmium biosorption by Shewanella putrefaciens using a Box-Behnken design. Cheng, J; Feng, S; Gao, J; Huang, H; Xiong, S; Yuan, W; Zhang, J, 2019) | 1.08 |
| "Hormetic dose-response that involved Cd in soils is increasingly paid attentions for risk assessment of Cd toxicity, but insufficient studies were conducted to define the temporary modification of soil enzyme and the potential microbial responses." | ( Time-Dependent Hormetic Response of Soil Alkaline Phosphatase Induced by Cd and the Association with Bacterial Community Composition. Fan, D; Guo, Y; Han, J; Liu, C; Wang, S; Zhu, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A dose-response relationship was assessed through a restricted cubic spline model with three knots." | ( Evaluation of the association between urinary cadmium levels below threshold limits and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis. Fu, C; Guo, FF; Hu, ZY; Li, BY; Qin, LQ; Yu, H; Zhang, ZL, 2019) | 0.77 |
| " The analyses of adsorption experiments included (i) dosage amounts, (ii) isotherm and kinetic studies, and (iii) several factors related to water chemistry (i." | ( Comprehensive evaluation on removal of lead by graphene oxide and metal organic framework. Han, J; Heo, J; Her, N; Jang, M; Jun, BM; Kim, S; Kim, Y; Park, CM; Yoon, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Lead and cadmium exposure had a positive association with serum uric acid levels in a dose-response manner in the nationally representative Korean population." | ( Associations between blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels with hyperuricemia in the Korean general population: A retrospective analysis of population-based nationally representative data. Jung, W; Kang, J; Kim, Y; Lihm, H, 2019) | 1.2 |
| " Log-binomial regression model and two-piece-wise regression model were applied to assess the dose-response relationship between metal exposure and hypertension." | ( Urinary metal/metalloid levels in relation to hypertension among occupationally exposed workers. Jing, H; Shi, P; Xi, S, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Typical reverse U-shaped dose-response relationships between ALP activities and the single and combined Cd and Pb were observed, showing a hormetic response of soil itself." | ( Magnitude of the mixture hormetic response of soil alkaline phosphatase can be predicted based on single conditions of Cd and Pb. Guo, Y; Han, J; Liu, C; Liu, J; You, Y; Zhu, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A dose-response model was used to describe the breakthrough curves of the two ions at different initial concentrations." | ( A monolithic copolymer prepared from N-(4-vinyl)-benzyl iminodiacetic acid, divinylbenzene and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide for preconcentration of cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) from biological samples prior to their determination by ICP-MS. Chi, Q; Fang, H; Li, C; Li, M; Li, Q; Ma, H; Wang, M; Zhang, H, 2019) | 0.71 |
| " Metal toxicity was predicted and compared using the dose-response and general threshold survival models in terms of required data sets, fit performance, and applicability." | ( Comparison of the General Threshold Model of Survival and Dose-Response Models in Simulating the Acute Toxicity of Metals to Danio rerio. Feng, J; Gao, Y; He, A; Liu, X; Qu, L; Zhu, L, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " We observed evidence of a dose-response trend for Mn (P for trend<0." | ( Trace Minerals, Heavy Metals, and Preeclampsia: Findings from the Boston Birth Cohort. Guallar, E; Hong, X; Liu, T; Mueller, NT; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zhang, M, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different animal models (swine and mice), dosing schemes (single gavage dose, repeated gavage dose, daily repeated feeding, and free access to diet), and end points (blood, urine, and tissue) in metal-RBA measurement; compares metal-RBA obtained using mouse and swine bioassays, different dosing schemes, and different end points; and summarizes key findings on As-, Pb-, and Cd-RBA values in contaminated soils, dust, and foods." | ( Oral Bioavailability of As, Pb, and Cd in Contaminated Soils, Dust, and Foods based on Animal Bioassays: A Review. Basta, NT; Juhasz, AL; Li, HB; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, SW; Luo, YM; Ma, LQ; Zhao, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Larger prospective studies using standardized criteria and assessments of cognitive development are needed to confirm the dose-response effect and gender difference of prenatal Cd exposure on cognitive development of offspring." | ( Association between prenatal cadmium exposure and cognitive development of offspring: A systematic review. Cai, L; Chen, W; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Wang, Q, 2019) | 0.81 |
| " Dose-response relationships between urinary Cd, plasma CRP, and type 2 diabetes were explored using multivariate logistic regression and linear mixed regression models." | ( Roles of C-reactive protein on the association between urinary cadmium and type 2 diabetes. Cao, L; Chen, W; Fan, L; Li, W; Ma, J; Wang, D; Xiao, L; Ye, Z; Zhou, Y; Zhu, C, 2019) | 0.75 |
| " However, dose-response curves revealed indicator rather than hyperaccumulator behaviour." | ( Arabidopsis halleri shows hyperbioindicator behaviour for Pb and leaf Pb accumulation spatially separated from Zn. Arčon, I; Braun, M; Clemens, S; Debeljak, M; Höreth, S; Krämer, U; Pečovnik, M; Pelicon, P; Pietzenuk, B; Pongrac, P; van Elteren, JT; Vavpetič, P; Vogel-Mikuš, K; Weber, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Rice Cd uptake was significantly reduced when moderate dosage (2." | ( Inconsistent effects of limestone on rice cadmium uptake: Results from multi-scale field trials and large-scale investigation. Chang, AC; Chen, W; Li, Y; Wang, M; Yang, W; Yang, Y, 2020) | 0.82 |
| " The preliminary, dynamic, equilibrium activation experiments and speciation analysis of Pb, Cd and Tl in contaminated red soils were used to select six chelates with relatively good activation performance from nine chelates, and the effects of dosage and pH on the heavy metals activation were studied systematically." | ( Comparative Activation Process of Pb, Cd and Tl Using Chelating Agents from Contaminated Red Soils. Huang, X; Liu, G; Liu, L; Liu, Y; Luo, D; Mai, X; Wei, L; Wu, Q; Xiao, T; Yao, G, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "28% at the dosage of 60." | ( Evaluation of biochar pyrolyzed from kitchen waste, corn straw, and peanut hulls on immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil. He, L; Lin, A; Tan, X; Wang, J; Wei, W; Xu, C; Yang, W; Zhao, J, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The relative low dosage of Cd (0-5 mg/kg) promoted the accumulation of Zn in the subcellular component, while high dosage (25 mg/kg) inhibited the accumulation of Zn." | ( Phytoremediation of soil heavy metals (Cd and Zn) by castor seedlings: Tolerance, accumulation and subcellular distribution. Chen, X; He, C; Liu, X; Oh, K; Wang, F; Wu, C; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " When urinary Cd levels were analyzed as quartiles, higher urinary Cd levels were also significantly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in a dose-response manner (adjusted OR = 2." | ( Relation between cadmium body burden and cognitive function in older men: A cross-sectional study in China. He, M; Li, X; Li, Z; Lu, G; Peng, Y; Qin, J; Wei, X; Yang, L; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zou, Y, 2020) | 0.9 |
| " The association between cadmium and young-onset breast cancer was near null, with no evidence of a dose-response relationship (for fourth vs." | ( Toenail-Based Metal Concentrations and Young-Onset Breast Cancer. Jackson, BP; Karagas, MR; O'Brien, KM; Sandler, DP; Weinberg, CR; White, AJ, 2019) | 0.82 |
| " EDDS-activated Cd reached saturation at a low dosage (1 mM) and a single application of EDDS was found to be better than double applications." | ( Effects of EDDS on the Cd uptake and growth of Tagetes patula L. and Phytolacca americana L. in Cd-contaminated alkaline soil in northern China. Huang, Q; Liang, X; Peng, Y; Qin, X; Wang, Y; Xu, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The present study orally dosed pregnant SD rats with Cd from gestation day 1 until birth." | ( Cadmium exposure during prenatal development causes progesterone disruptors in multiple generations via steroidogenic enzymes in rat ovarian granulosa cells. Li, Y; Liu, J; Zeng, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, W; Zhu, J; Zhuang, S, 2020) | 2 |
| "8 mg/kg soil, dosing 3% ESBC (wt%, biochar/soil) could keep 96." | ( Effect of biochar on Cd and pyrene removal and bacteria communities variations in soils with culturing ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Chen, F; He, H; Jia, S; Li, G; Wang, Z; Zuo, Q, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the dose-response relationship between each OH-PAHs, Cd, and semen quality parameters; the generalized linear model was performed to examine the interaction of each urinary OH-PAH metabolite and Cd concentration on semen quality." | ( Interaction effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and cadmium on semen quality in nonsmokers. Gaurab, P; Liu, J; Liu, X; Shi, Y; Sun, Z; Wang, W; Yan, J; Zhang, Y; Zheng, D, 2020) | 0.79 |
| " The sucrose response threshold of foragers decreased significantly when they were dosed with increasing concentrations of the metal mixtures." | ( Joint effects of cadmium and copper on Apis mellifera forgers and larvae. Chen, YF; Di, N; Hladun, KR; Liu, TX; Rust, M; Trumble, JT; Zhang, K; Zhu, ZY, 2020) | 0.9 |
| "Following a literature search through April 14, 2020, we carried out a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the shape of the relation between cadmium exposure (assessed either through diet or urine excretion) and disease incidence and mortality." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Carvalho, C; Filippini, T; Kasdagli, MI; Lopes, C; Malavolti, M; Moreira, P; Naska, A; Orsini, N; Torres, D; Vinceti, M, 2020) | 2.2 |
| " The effects in humans were assessed quantitatively using one-stage dose-response meta-analysis in a random effects meta-analytical model." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Carvalho, C; Filippini, T; Kasdagli, MI; Lopes, C; Malavolti, M; Moreira, P; Naska, A; Orsini, N; Torres, D; Vinceti, M, 2020) | 2 |
| "We identified 10 studies eligible for inclusion in the dose-response meta-analysis, six based on cadmium dietary intake, and four on urinary excretion levels." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Carvalho, C; Filippini, T; Kasdagli, MI; Lopes, C; Malavolti, M; Moreira, P; Naska, A; Orsini, N; Torres, D; Vinceti, M, 2020) | 2.22 |
| " High-dose cadmium can induce various adverse outcomes, however, the chronic biological influences of cadmium at an environmental dosage and its mechanism remain largely unclear." | ( Cadmium exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis and impairs intestinal barrier. Ba, Q; Gao, Z; Gu, P; Jiang, Z; Li, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Mu, W; Sun, M; Wang, H; Yang, Y, 2020) | 2.39 |
| " We observed positive dose-response relationships between all eight urinary heavy metals and 8-iso-PGF2α, as well as negative association of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α with SDNN and total power (all P trend<0." | ( Heavy metals exposure, lipid peroxidation and heart rate variability alteration: Association and mediation analyses in urban adults. Chen, W; Ma, J; Mu, G; Nie, X; Tan, Q; Wang, B; Wang, D; Zhang, X; Zhou, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Specifically, we used the dosage of cadmium that do not decrease the cell viability (determined by MTT assay) to treat Saos-2 cells for 24 h." | ( Metabolic signatures for safety assessment of low-level cadmium exposure on human osteoblast-like cells. Cai, Z; Lei, B; Li, Z; Qiu, D; Tian, J; Wang, L; Xin, X; Zhang, X, 2021) | 1.14 |
| " Therefore, in the current study, rice stubble was used as the adsorbent in a modified rice-fish system (MRFS) to assess its accumulation capacity in a model paddy field dosed with 0-40." | ( Increasement of Cd adsorption capacity of rice stubble from being alive until death in a modified rice-fish system. Chen, D; Du, Z; Huang, X; Li, Z; Liao, G; Luo, W; Pang, G; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Xu, G; Xu, Z; Zeng, C; Zhang, N, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Additionally, positive dose-response associations of smoking amount with Cr-corrected urinary Cd level were observed (P trend <0." | ( Assessment of the variability of urinary cadmium for general adults. Chen, W; Ma, J; Wang, B; Wang, D; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Yang, S; Zhou, M; Zhou, Y; Zhu, C, 2021) | 0.89 |
| " The most cadmium is consumed with smoked mackerel from the North Sea, comprising as much as 162% of the daily acceptable dosage ." | ( Content of toxic metals and As in marine and freshwater fish species available for sale in EU supermarkets and health risk associated with its consumption. Adamiec, E; Jarosz-Krzemińska, E; Mikołajczyk, N, 2021) | 1.02 |
| " We observed a non-linear dose-response of Se and reduced BMD, showing an inverse association below ~105 μg/L, which became increasingly positive above ~105 μg/L." | ( Arsenic, cadmium, and selenium exposures and bone mineral density-related endpoints: The HORTEGA study. Briongos-Figuero, LS; Dueñas-Laita, A; Galan-Labaca, I; Galvez-Fernandez, M; Garcia-Barrera, T; Gomez-Ariza, JL; Grau-Perez, M; Martin-Escudero, JC; Navas-Acien, A; Perez-Castrillon, JL; Perez-Gomez, B; Ramirez-Acosta, S; Redon, J; Tellez-Plaza, M, 2021) | 1.04 |
| " The dose-response curves had the shape of an inverted U, showing biphasic responses at days 7 (HB), 60 (MB and HB) and 90 (LB)." | ( Cd induced biphasic response in soil alkaline phosphatase and changed soil bacterial community composition: The role of background Cd contamination and time as additional factors. Agathokleous, E; Ahmad, S; Fan, D; Guo, Y; Han, J; Wang, S; Zhu, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " AsA recognized as one of the most prominent antioxidants, when overdosed, displays considerable pro-oxidant activity, though precise dosing of its supplementation is desired." | ( Ascorbic acid mitigates cadmium-induced stress, and contributes to ionome stabilization in fission yeast. Kovár, M; Navrátilová, A; Požgajová, M, 2021) | 0.93 |
| " The CaO-SA adsorbent showed best performance with respect to the mechanical strength and Cd(II) adsorption capacity when prepared under 5% CaO dosage and 60 °C drying temperature." | ( Calcium oxide modification of activated sludge as a low-cost adsorbent: Preparation and application in Cd(II) removal. Chen, N; Gu, H; Lin, W; Ren, J; Sun, S; Wu, C; Yang, F; Zheng, S; Ziwei, Y, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Significant dose-response relationships were found using the low-exposure group as the reference group." | ( Cancer Mortality and Long-Term Environmental Exposure of Cadmium in Contaminated Community Based on a Third Retrospective Cause of Death Investigation of Residents Living in the Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2005. Ding, H; Gong, L; Jiang, A; Wang, M, 2021) | 0.87 |
| "We therefore conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the available evidence to influence clinical decision making and better tailor public health interventions." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and cohort-based case-control studies. Amegah, AK; Jaakkola, JJK; Sewor, C, 2021) | 2.06 |
| " In fixed effects dose-response meta-regression analyses, we found no evidence of association of cadmium exposure with LBW and SGA." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and cohort-based case-control studies. Amegah, AK; Jaakkola, JJK; Sewor, C, 2021) | 2.28 |
| " Regarding PTB, the formal dose-response meta-analyses suggests a causal association." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and cohort-based case-control studies. Amegah, AK; Jaakkola, JJK; Sewor, C, 2021) | 2.06 |
| " However, further prospective studies are required to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship and address potential selection bias, especially in patients with femoral neck osteoporosis." | ( Association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. Ha, IH; Kim, ES; Lee, YJ; Shin, S, 2021) | 0.92 |
| " This paper reports that hormetic-biphasic dose-response relationships were commonly observed for multiple agents (i." | ( Accumulator plants and hormesis. Agathokleous, E; Calabrese, EJ, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Immunotoxic effects induced by Cd exposure at the transcription level increased in a negative dose-response manner, with no immunity-related DEGs obtained at the low Cd concentration and a high number of immunity-related DEGs down-regulated at the high Cd concentration." | ( The susceptibility of Lymantria dispar larvae to Beauveria bassiana under Cd stress: A multi-omics study. Jiang, D; Jiang, H; Tan, M; Wu, S; Yan, S, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In this study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally dosed with Cd from gestation day 1 until birth." | ( The role of miRNAs in regulating the effect of prenatal cadmium exposure on ovarian granulosa cells in a transgenerational manner in female rats. Li, J; Liao, J; Liu, J; Lv, Y; Zeng, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, W; Zong, C, 2021) | 0.87 |
| " Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains." | ( Nano-selenium controlled cadmium accumulation and improved photosynthesis in indica rice cultivated in lead and cadmium combined paddy soils. Cao, T; Cheng, T; Liu, H; Liu, X; Shi, W; Wang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhou, F, 2021) | 0.92 |
| " However, the dose-response relationships challenge toxicity characterization and biomarkers selection." | ( Dose-dependent responses of metabolism and tissue injuries in clam Ruditapes philippinarum after subchronic exposure to cadmium. Ji, C; Li, F; Wang, S; Wu, H; Zhan, J, 2021) | 0.83 |
| "To review (1) the smoking-independent associations between Cd exposure and ASCVD, including the possible presence of a nonlinear dose-response relationship with Cd exposure and (2) the causal effects of Cd exposure on different stages of atherosclerosis." | ( Review of cadmium exposure and smoking-independent effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population. Barregard, L; Fagerberg, B, 2021) | 1.02 |
| " In order to enhance its sensitivity, a positive feedback amplifier was added or the gene dosage of the reporter gene was increased." | ( Construction of cadmium whole-cell biosensors and circuit amplification. Jia, X; Liu, T; Ma, Y; Wu, K, 2021) | 0.97 |
| "5), with a suggestive dose-response among Blacks." | ( The association between blood metals and hypertension in the GuLF study. Engel, LS; Jackson, WB; Kwok, RK; Rhoden, J; Sandler, DP; Xu, J, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In single-metal models, positive dose-response relationships between urinary vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), tungsten (W), and lead (Pb) and serum ALT were observed." | ( Systemic inflammation mediates the association of heavy metal exposures with liver injury: A study in general Chinese urban adults. Chen, W; Ma, J; Mu, G; Nie, X; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Xie, L; Xu, T; Yang, S; Yu, L; Zhou, M, 2021) | 0.82 |
| " Additionally, nonlinear dose-response relationships between Pb, Mn, and Se and BMD, as well as a synergistic interaction of Pb and Mn, were found in the BKMR analyses." | ( Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults. Cui, Y; Di, DS; Huang, Q; Liu, JA; Song, WJ; Wang, Q; Wei, MH; Zhang, RY; Zhou, HL, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In the present study, the growth and physiological responses of Polygonatum sibiricum, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, were investigated under laboratory conditions of gradient Cd dosage concentrations and times." | ( Cadmium-induced hormesis effect in medicinal herbs improves the efficiency of safe utilization for low cadmium-contaminated farmland soil. Haibo, D; Hui, S; Lei, W; Li, Y; Mengdi, X; Wenqing, C; Xiaoqing, W; Yuchen, K, 2021) | 2.06 |
| " (3) Results: After we adjusted the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, CD31+/CD42a- and CD31+/CD42a+ counts, in subjects' serum, respective markers of EMP and PMP displayed a significant positive dose-response relationship with urinary lead and cadmium levels." | ( Positive Association between Endothelium-Platelet Microparticles and Urinary Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in Adolescents and Young Adults. Huang, PC; Lee, CK; Lin, CY; Su, TC; Sung, FC; Wu, C, 2021) | 1.02 |
| " We quantitively assessed the relation between exposure and study outcomes using one-stage dose-response meta-analysis with a random effects meta-analytical model." | ( Cadmium exposure and risk of diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Filippini, T; Vinceti, M; Wise, LA, 2022) | 2.16 |
| "Hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon observed in numerous living organisms, caused by low levels of a large number of stressors, among which metal ions." | ( Induction of hormesis in plants by urban trace metal pollution. Guardigli, G; Mattarello, G; Odajiu, M; Salinitro, M; Tassoni, A, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In the pot experiment, the CRS, straw biochar prepared at 300 °C (B300) and 500 °C (B500), and phosphorus modified biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C (PB300) and 500 °C (PB500) were added at dosage of 5% into three typical paddy soils." | ( Comparative study on the potential risk of contaminated-rice straw, its derived biochar and phosphorus modified biochar as an amendment and their implication for environment. Chen, H; Lu, S; Malik, Z; Xiao, Q; Zong, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Further, investigations into potential associations that consider age- or gender-specific effects and dose-response associations for metal exposure and MetS are rare." | ( Non-linear associations between metabolic syndrome and four typical heavy metals: Data from NHANES 2011-2018. Deng, L; Liu, N; Meng, X; Zhou, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " We present data showing that under basal conditions and in response to cadmium exposure (2 mg/kg, dosed once via intraperitoneal injection), the phenotype previously described in young (<6 months) Gclm null mice persists into old age (24+ months)." | ( Persistence of improved glucose homeostasis in Gclm null mice with age and cadmium treatment. Bammler, TK; Botta, D; Kavanagh, TJ; MacDonald, J; Schaupp, CM; Scoville, DK; Srinouanprachanh, S; White, CC, 2022) | 1.18 |
| " lobata (Kudzu) Extract, and RM 8652 Kudzu-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form were issued with values assigned for isoflavones (puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein), toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, and lead), and selenium." | ( Development of Kudzu (Pueraria Montana var. lobata) Reference Materials for the Determination of Isoflavones and Toxic Elements. Barber, CA; Bryan, CE; Kuszak, AJ; Lippert, JA; Long, SE; Nelson, MA; Phillips, MM; Rimmer, CA; Sharpless, KE; Wise, SA; Wood, LJ; Yen, J, 2022) | 0.91 |
| " For an alternative WCB module design, we utilized Bxb1 recombinase that provides tight control as a switch to increase dose-response behavior concerning leakiness." | ( A Recombinase-Based Genetic Circuit for Heavy Metal Monitoring. Akboğa, D; Bozkurt, EU; Saltepe, B; Şeker, UÖŞ, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Addition of a high dosage of Bacillus subtilis decreased plant malondialdehyde (MDA) amount, increased plant antioxidant enzyme and soil nutrient cycling-involved enzyme activities, and subsequently enhanced biomass by 20." | ( Rhizospheric mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis bioaugmentation-assisted phytostabilization of cadmium-contaminated soil. Chen, G; Chen, X; Fu, X; Huang, B; Ji, L; Li, Q; Li, T; Wang, J; Xing, Y; Zhang, Q, 2022) | 0.94 |
| "The objective of this work was to determine the effect of dosage on the immobilization of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in sediment by red mud (RM)." | ( Immobilization of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in sediment by red mud: adsorption characteristics, mechanism, and effect of dosage on immobilization efficiency. Bai, X; Lin, J; Zhan, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022) | 1.22 |
| " There was a dose-response association between pack-years and the odds ratios (ORs) of high BCd and BPb levels in all participants compared with non-smokers." | ( The Effect of Smoking Habits on Blood Cadmium and Lead Levels in Residents Living Near a Mining and Smelting Area in Northwest China: a Cross-Sectional Study. Dai, H; Li, X; Luo, B; Niu, J; Wang, H; Yan, J; Zhang, H, 2023) | 1.18 |
| " Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to characterize a dose-response relationship between continuous exposure to different nephrotoxic metals and the occurrence of UUI and SUI." | ( Relationship between exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury and the occurrence of urinary incontinence in women. Li, Z; Lu, Y; Mao, W; Ni, J; Peng, B; Wang, G; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Xie, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2022) | 1 |
| " Besides individual positive associations of maternal Hg and Pb exposure with offspring OWO, BKMR clearly indicated a positive dose-response association between in-utero co-exposure to the three toxic metals and childhood OWO." | ( In-utero co-exposure to toxic metals and micronutrients on childhood risk of overweight or obesity: new insight on micronutrients counteracting toxic metals. Bind, E; Buckley, JP; Haltmeier, D; Hong, X; Hou, W; Huang, W; Igusa, T; Ji, Y; Mukherjee, J; Steffens, A; Tina Fan, Z; Wang, G; Wang, X; Xu, R, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The main objective of this research was to conduct a dose-response modeling between the internal dose of measured blood Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Cr and hormonal response of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)." | ( Benchmark dose approach in investigating the relationship between blood metal levels and reproductive hormones: Data set from human study. Antonijević Miljaković, E; Antonijević, B; Anđelković, M; Aschner, M; Baralić, K; Buha Djordjevic, A; Bulat, Z; Javorac, D; Marić, Đ; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The dose-response curve showed a positive nonlinear association between blood cadmium and lead levels and ED and a negative nonlinear association between blood and urinary mercury levels and ED after propensity score matching." | ( Associations between exposure to different heavy metals and self-reported erectile dysfunction: a population-based study using data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chen, M; Chen, S; Liu, C; Mao, W; Sun, C; Wu, J; Xu, B; You, Z, 2022) | 0.95 |
| " Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different reaction parameters: temperature, pH, contact time, dosage adsorbent, initial concentration." | ( Highly efficient engineered waste eggshell-fly ash for cadmium removal from aqueous solution. Cepan, C; Grozescu, I; Marin, CN; Mihailescu, M; Muntean, C; Segneanu, AE; Vlase, G, 2022) | 0.97 |
| ", Serratia for the low Cd dosage and Weissella, Aeroonas, and Serratia for the high Cd dosage) and increased the abundances of several pathogenic bacteria (e." | ( Cd exposure-triggered susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis in Lymantria dispar involves in gut microbiota dysbiosis and hemolymph metabolic disorder. Jiang, D; Li, Y; Tan, M; Wu, H; Xu, J; Yan, S; Zheng, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV." | ( A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Crosby, L; Flannery, BM; Jones-Dominic, OE; Middleton, K; Punzalan, C; Schaefer, HR, 2022) | 0.96 |
| " These results shown that MHBC under the high dosage of 25." | ( Effects of magnetic hydroxyapatite loaded biochar on Cd removal and passivation in paddy soil and its accumulation in rice: a 2-year field study. Liu, X; Wang, W; Xiao, J; Xiao, W; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The major goal of this study was to estimate the correlations and dose-response pattern between the measured blood toxic metals (cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni))/metalloid (arsenic (As)) and serum insulin level by conducting Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis of human data." | ( Exploring the relationship between blood toxic metal(oid)s and serum insulin levels through benchmark modelling of human data: Possible role of arsenic as a metabolic disruptor. Antonijević, B; Baralić, K; Buha Djordjevic, A; Bulat, Z; Ćurčić, M; Javorac, D; Repić, A; Đorđević, V; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2022) | 0.93 |
| " We used general linear models and restricted cubic splines to test dose-response relationships between single metals and fetal growth." | ( Maternal exposure to metal mixtures during early pregnancy and fetal growth in the Jiangsu Birth Cohort, China. Dou, Y; Du, J; Guo, W; Hu, Z; Jiang, T; Jiang, Y; Jin, G; Li, M; Li, Z; Lin, Y; Lu, C; Lu, Q; Lv, H; Ma, H; Qin, R; Qiu, Y; Yin, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " In this study, an improved liquid phase reduction method (ILPR) was proposed, which was characterized by solid-state dosing of reducing agents." | ( Facile preparation of activated carbon supported nano zero-valent iron for Cd(Ⅱ) removal in aqueous environment. Cao, X; Liu, L; Liu, Q; Yue, T; Zhang, F, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The optimal application conditions for adsorption equilibrium were the dosage of 4 g/L and reaction pH = 5." | ( Highly efficient preferential adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using sodium lignosulfonate modified illite. Dong, Y; Lin, H; Lu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "05), while urease and alkaline phosphatase activities varied in different dosage of Act12." | ( Rhizobacteria helps to explain the enhanced efficiency of phytoextraction strengthened by Streptomyces pactum. Guo, D; Liu, S; Shang, Z; Wang, L; Wang, N; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Detoxification and energy metabolism related endpoints showed inverted U-shaped and U-shaped dose-response curves, both of which could be explained by hormesis." | ( Meta-analysis reveals the species-, dose- and duration-dependent effects of cadmium toxicities in marine bivalves. Sun, T; Wang, X; Wu, H; Yu, J; Zhan, J, 2023) | 1.14 |
| " After exposure, blood was collected to measure dosage of cadmium, in male and female, and estrogen in females." | ( Sex-dependent vascular effects of cadmium sub-chronic exposure on rats. Almenara, CCP; Carneiro, MTWD; da Costa, CS; de Oliveira, TF; Graceli, JB; Krause, M; Padilha, AS; Rossi, EM, 2023) | 1.43 |
| "To investigate the association of blood cadmium with SLEA and its extent, and further analyze the potential dose-response relationship." | ( Independent association of blood cadmium with subclinical lower extremity atherosclerosis: An observational study based on dose-response analysis. Mao, Q; Sun, Y; Xu, S; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, D, 2023) | 1.46 |
| " Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the potential dose-response relationship." | ( Independent association of blood cadmium with subclinical lower extremity atherosclerosis: An observational study based on dose-response analysis. Mao, Q; Sun, Y; Xu, S; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, D, 2023) | 1.19 |
| " When blood cadmium was used as a continuous variable in restricted cubic splines, the dose-response relationship presented a positive progression in SLEA (P = 0." | ( Independent association of blood cadmium with subclinical lower extremity atherosclerosis: An observational study based on dose-response analysis. Mao, Q; Sun, Y; Xu, S; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, D, 2023) | 1.57 |
| "Blood cadmium exhibited an independent association with SLEA, and this dose-response relationship was progressive without significant departure from linearity." | ( Independent association of blood cadmium with subclinical lower extremity atherosclerosis: An observational study based on dose-response analysis. Mao, Q; Sun, Y; Xu, S; Zhao, J; Zhao, X; Zhou, D, 2023) | 1.67 |
| "2% when the S dosage was increased to 5‰, and the sorption of Cd occurred after Fe and Al." | ( Purification and water resource circulation utilization of Cd-containing wastewater during microbial remediation of Cd-polluted soil. Deng, Y; Fu, S; Jiang, H; Jiang, L; Liu, H; Liu, X; Xu, M, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The application of DS at the dosage of 22." | ( Heavy metal pollution risk of desulfurized steel slag as a soil amendment in cycling use of solid wastes. Kong, F; Lu, S; Ying, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Moreover, the toxic metal mixture (As, Cd, and Pb) exhibited a significant negative association with MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, with Pb being the greatest contributor within the mixture." | ( Selenium attenuates the association of co-exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead with cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cao, HJ; Chen, GM; Cheng, BJ; Li, XD; Meng, XL; Nie, HH; Sheng, J; Tao, FB; Wang, HL; Wang, SF; Wang, Y; Yang, LS; Zhang, DM; Zhou, TT, 2023) | 1.15 |
| " As the chemical structure of metal ions is influenced by solution pH, this parameter was considered experimentally, and pH 4, dosage 50 mg, and time 120 min were found to be the best with high capacity for all adsorbates." | ( Sulfur-Doped Binary Layered Metal Oxides Incorporated on Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions. Darajeh, N; Jume, BH; Parandi, E; Rastin, M; Rezania, S; Valizadeh Dana, N, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population." | ( Association of low cadmium and mercury exposure with chronic kidney disease among Chinese adults aged ≥80 years: A cross-sectional study. Cao, Z; Chen, C; Gu, H; Li, C; Li, J; Liu, Y; Lu, F; Lyu, Y; Shi, X; Wei, Y; Wu, B; Zhao, F; Zhou, J, 2022) | 1.05 |
| " The results showed that under the conditions of DIRB:PSB (V:V)= 3:1, syntrophic bacteria dosage of 5% and glucose dosage of 5 g/L, Cd incorporated in the secondary minerals could account for about 60% of the total Cd." | ( Anaerobic syntrophic system composed of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria induces cadmium immobilization via secondary mineralization. Guo, Y; Hu, W; Ji, X; Li, M; Luo, W; Teng, Z; Wang, G; Zhao, X, 2023) | 1.12 |
| " In Cd and Pb co-exposure analysis, significant negative dose-response relationships were observed between co-exposure to Cd and Pb and serum CRL and CRN levels." | ( Effects of cadmium and lead co-exposure on glucocorticoid levels in rural residents of northwest China. Li, X; Luo, B; Nie, G; Niu, J; Wang, H; Xie, D; Yan, J; Zhang, H, 2023) | 1.3 |
| " Additionally, there was an inversely dose-response association between Cd concentration and TERT in COPD patients." | ( Association between cadmium exposure and pulmonary function reduction: Potential mediating role of telomere attrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Fu, L; Hua, DX; Jiang, YL; Li, MD; Liu, L; Lv, BB; Tan, ZX; Tang, MM; Xu, DX; Yang, CL; Yang, J; Zhao, H; Zheng, L, 2023) | 1.23 |
| "495), and a linear dose-response relationship between tin and depression was also noticed (P < 0." | ( Association of urinary heavy metals co-exposure and adult depression: Modification of physical activity. Cen, M; Fu, X; Li, H; Song, L; Wu, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The dose-response results revealed that the interaction could weaken the toxicity of both Pb and Cd, and Cd had a more significant inhibitory effect on Pb toxicity." | ( Quantitative analysis of dose interval effect of Pb-Cd interaction on Oryza sativa L. root. Chen, C; Hou, J; Kou, M; Tan, W; Wang, M; Wei, R; Xiong, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This is the first time to propose a dose-response relationship between OP and oxidative stress." | ( Oxidative potential of heavy-metal contaminated soil reflects its ecological risk on earthworm. Cai, H; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Peng, C; Ran, C; Wang, L; Zhang, W, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Determining dose-response relationship is essential for comprehensively revealing chemical-caused effects on organisms." | ( Delving into the molecular initiating event of cadmium toxification via the dose-dependent functional genomics approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cao, Y; Guan, M; Ma, F; Ma, L; Pan, Y; Wang, X; Xu, Y; Yan, L; Zhang, X, 2023) | 1.17 |
| " Moreover, low F dosage up-regulated the abundance of Lactobacillus from 15." | ( Low dosage fluorine ameliorates the bioaccumulation, hepatorenal dysfunction and oxidative stress, and gut microbiota perturbation of cadmium in rats. Cheng, J; Li, D; Li, S; Luo, G; Sun, D; Wang, Z; Xu, X; Yang, C; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q, 2023) | 1.11 |
| " In accordance, in a mouse model Cd-induced genomic instability and consequential male reproductive dysfunction were effectively reversed by a high dosage of Mn ions." | ( Heavy metal ions exchange driven protein phosphorylation cascade functions in genomic instability in spermatocytes and male infertility. Deng, ZL; Gao, YF; He, YJ; Li, CC; Li, LB; Li, RY; Liao, MX; Luo, Y; Wang, YX; Yang, D; Zhang, TF; Zhao, LT; Zhou, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, depending on the type of toxic metal and the carrier system used to release TQ in biological systems, its therapeutic dosage range may be varied." | ( Protective potential of thymoquinone against cadmium, arsenic, and lead toxicity: A short review with emphasis on oxidative pathways. Ghasemi, F; Nili-Ahmadabadi, A; Nili-Ahmadabadi, M; Omidifar, N, 2023) | 1.17 |
| "5% dosage consistently and most effectively enhanced the shoot biomass, increased leaf Vitamin C content but reduced leaf content of nitrate and heavy metals in both harvests." | ( Preparation and application of biochar from co-pyrolysis of different feedstocks for immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Bian, R; Gong, X; Li, L; Lian, W; Liu, Z; Lu, H; Pan, G; Shi, W; Tian, S; Wang, Y; Yu, Q; Zheng, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " To evaluate the overall effect of heavy metals and detect the dose-response relationship between the prevalence of pan-cancers associated with sex hormones and heavy metals, RCS (restricted cubic splines) were applied." | ( A cross-sectional study of the association between heavy metals and pan-cancers associated with sex hormones in NHANES 1999-2018. Cao, HM; Huang, BY; Ma, L; Wan, Z; Wu, Y; Yang, YZ; Zhang, Y, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " We used national food consumption data from the third French national food consumption survey, chemical food monitoring data from the Second French Total Diet Study (TDS), dose-response data and disability weights from scientific literature, and disease incidence and demographics from national statistics." | ( Harmonized approach to estimate the burden of disease of dietary exposure to four chemical contaminants - A French study. Bemrah, N; Guillier, L; Jakobsen, LS; Pires, SM; Redondo, HG; Thomsen, ST, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Negative dose-response relationships between PA and the prevalence of CVD and subtypes were identified." | ( Physical activity attenuates the association between blood cadmium exposure and cardiovascular disease: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. Bai, B; Chen, Y; Cheng, S; Geng, Q; Kong, B; Liu, F; Liu, Q; Ma, H; Wang, Y, 2023) | 1.15 |
| " Results showed dose-response and specific metal effects on caecal proteomes, with a slight effect of zinc compared to the two non-essential metals." | ( Dynamic Multiple Reaction Monitoring of amphipod Gammarus fossarum caeca expands molecular information for understanding the impact of contaminants. Aboud, R; Armengaud, J; Ayciriex, S; Chaumot, A; Coquery, M; Degli-Esposti, D; Delorme, N; Espeyte, A; Geffard, O; Leprêtre, M; Salvador, A, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " After 28-day exposure, the strongest dose-response relationship was found between hormones: LH and FSH and toxic metal(oid)s and, after 90-day exposure, between investigated redox status parameters: sulfhydryl groups, ischemia-modified albumin and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and toxic metal(oid)s." | ( Effects of the real-life metal(oid)s mixture on female reproductive function: Less is different. Antonijević Miljaković, E; Antonijević, B; Anđelković, M; Baralić, K; Buha Djordjevic, A; Bulat, Z; Marić, Đ; Vukelić, D; Đukić-Ćosić, D, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) is a practical material to manage paddy Cd pollution, but its dosage should not be excessive." | ( Nano hydroxyapatite pre-treatment effectively reduces Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its impact on paddy microbial communities. Jia, F; Jiang, X; Luo, Y; Pang, J; Shi, J; Tong, J; Wang, J; Wu, H; Zhang, H, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate the relationship between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B serology." | ( The relationship between cadmium exposure and hepatitis B susceptibility and the establishment of its prediction model. Feng, Y; Hu, H; Lu, J; Qin, H; Shen, D; Shi, Z; Tang, D; Wang, J; Zhou, Y, 2023) | 1.42 |
| " Further studies are needed to explore the recommended Zn dosage for T2DM patients at different stages, which may ameliorate pancreatic senescence and glycemic progression." | ( Urinary essential and toxic metal mixtures, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Telomere shortening as an intermediary factor? Chen, X; Fu, Y; Huang, K; Liu, J; Liu, P; Lu, S; Ma, J; Ren, X; Xu, B; Zhang, D; Zheng, Q, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " After adjusting for potential confounders, linear dose-response relationships of peak force with blood and urine cadmium concentrations were observed in the present study." | ( Cadmium exposure is associated with decreased muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults. Abudoula, A; Dou, L; Shu, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, M, 2023) | 2.56 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| zinc group element atom | |
| cadmium molecular entity | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 6840 (18.60) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3969 (10.79) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 7010 (19.06) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 10888 (29.60) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 8073 (21.95) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (84.92) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 84 (0.22%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,419 (3.73%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 78 (0.21%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 19 (0.05%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 36,399 (95.79%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||