Page last updated: 2024-10-24

positive regulation of heart rate

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]

Positive regulation of heart rate is a complex process involving multiple physiological mechanisms that increase the rate at which the heart beats. This increase in heart rate is often a necessary response to various stimuli, such as physical exertion, stress, or changes in body temperature.

The primary regulator of heart rate is the sinoatrial (SA) node, a specialized group of pacemaker cells located in the right atrium of the heart. These cells spontaneously generate electrical impulses that spread throughout the heart, triggering muscle contractions and causing the heart to beat.

Several factors influence the rate at which the SA node fires, leading to changes in heart rate. These factors include:

1. **Autonomic Nervous System:** The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system play crucial roles in regulating heart rate.
* **Sympathetic Nervous System:** Norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve fibers increases the rate of SA node firing, leading to an increase in heart rate. This is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" response, preparing the body for physical exertion or stressful situations.
* **Parasympathetic Nervous System:** Acetylcholine released from parasympathetic nerve fibers slows down the rate of SA node firing, leading to a decrease in heart rate. This is often referred to as the "rest-and-digest" response, promoting relaxation and conserving energy.

2. **Hormonal Regulation:** Hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and thyroid hormone also influence heart rate.
* **Epinephrine:** Released from the adrenal glands in response to stress, epinephrine mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate.
* **Thyroid Hormone:** Thyroid hormone, particularly thyroxine (T4), increases the overall metabolic rate of the body, including the heart. This can lead to a chronic increase in heart rate.

3. **Other Factors:** Other factors that can influence heart rate include:
* **Blood pressure:** Changes in blood pressure can trigger reflex responses that affect heart rate. For instance, a decrease in blood pressure can lead to an increase in heart rate to maintain adequate blood flow.
* **Blood oxygen levels:** Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia) can stimulate an increase in heart rate to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues.
* **Body temperature:** Increases in body temperature can trigger a rise in heart rate to facilitate heat dissipation.

These complex mechanisms work together to ensure that the heart beats at an appropriate rate to meet the body's needs. The process of positive regulation of heart rate is essential for maintaining proper cardiovascular function and supporting various physiological activities.'
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Proteins (11)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Ryanodine receptor 2A ryanodine receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q92736]Homo sapiens (human)
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4A transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8TD43]Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4DA 3,5-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q08499]Homo sapiens (human)
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1A voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNQ1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P51787]Homo sapiens (human)
Regulator of G-protein signaling 4A regulator of G-protein signaling 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P49798]Homo sapiens (human)
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43005]Homo sapiens (human)
Vasopressin V1a receptorA vasopressin V1a receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P37288]Homo sapiens (human)
Neuromedin-K receptorA neuromedin-K receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P29371]Homo sapiens (human)
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2A sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16615]Homo sapiens (human)
Natriuretic peptides AAn atrial natriuretic factor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P01160]Homo sapiens (human)
Adenosine deaminaseAn adenosine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00813]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (205)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidalpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamidenaphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
alfuzosinalfuzosin: structure given in first sourcemonocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
theophyllinedimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.hydroquinones
cilostamidecilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structurequinolines
5,7-dimethoxycoumarin5,7-dimethoxycoumarin: has photobiological activitycoumarins
clioquinol5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.
monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
denbufyllinedenbufylline: structure given in first sourceoxopurine
dipyridamoledipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.

Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol
adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
donepezil2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.

donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.

Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase
etazolateetazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.

Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.
ethyl ester;
hydrazone;
pyrazolopyridine
alpha-secretase activator;
antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
fluoxetinefluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
ibudilastpyrazolopyridine
amrinoneamrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.

Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.
3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
lamotrigine1,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine
anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
losartanlosartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position

Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.
biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles
angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
milrinonebipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
nimodipinenimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
papaverinepapaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.

Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines
antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pentoxifyllineoxopurine
propranololpropranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.

Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.
naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.methoxybenzenes
roliprampyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
streptonigrinpyridines;
quinolone
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
thalidomide2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.

thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.

Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
phthalimides;
piperidones
tofisopamtofisopam: structure; dextofisopam is the R-enantiomer of tofisopam & antidiarrhealorganic molecular entity
trequinsintrequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first sourcepyridopyrimidine
zardaverinezardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.

zardaverine: structure given in first source
organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
cysteinecysteine;
cysteine zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid
EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
aspartic acidaspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent

Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.
aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
9-phenanthrol9-phenanthrol : A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.

9-phenanthrol: an inhibitor of AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; structure in first source
phenanthrolTRPM4 channel inhibitor
9-benzyladenine
coformycincoformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound
antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
glutamic acidglutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
substance ppeptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
enoximoneEnoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.aromatic ketone
imazodanimazodan: RN & structure given in first source;
duloxetineduloxetine
relcovaptanrelcovaptan: a nonpeptide vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first sourceproline derivative
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nelfinavirnelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.

Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.
aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
tolafentrinetolafentrine: a mixed-type phosphodiesterase (PDE) III/IV inhibitor
nebularinenebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.

nebularine: structure
purine ribonucleoside;
purines D-ribonucleoside
fungal metabolite
nitraquazonenitraquazone: structure given in first source
nebivolol2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound
anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
cipamfyllinecipamfylline: a PDE type-4 inhibitoroxopurine
doripenemDoripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.carbapenems
ethyl 3-amino-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylateethyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate: structure in first source
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor

8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.
3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound
protein kinase agonist
8-thio-benzyl cyclic amp8-thio-benzyl cyclic AMP: RN given refers to parent cpd
sym 2081
8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cp 96345CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345
paxillinepaxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.

paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer
diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol
anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
dihydrokainatedicarboxylic acid
senktide
tadalafilbenzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
opc 21268OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist
paliperidone3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.

paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.
1,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
mozavaptanmozavaptan: aquaretic agent; vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first sourcebenzamidesaquaretic
4-phenylpyrrolidone-2
293b cpd6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer1-benzopyran
cdp 840
7-benzylamino-6-chloro-2-piperazino-4-pyrrolidinopteridine7-benzylamino-6-chloro-2-piperazino-4-pyrrolidinopteridine: inibits growth of B16 melanoma & MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.EHNAEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2S,3R)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.EHNA
cilomilastmethoxybenzenes
conivaptanconivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
moxifloxacinmoxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.

Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone;
quinolone antibiotic
antibacterial drug
solifenacinisoquinolines
rp 73401piclamilast : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.

piclamilast: an antiasthmatic agent and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
moracin cbenzofurans
satavaptansatavaptan: a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source
(+)-rolipram(+)-rolipram : The (S)-enantiomer of rolipram.rolipram
telbivudinepyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
1-deazaadenosine1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source
n(6)-benzyl-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate
serine o-sulfateL-serine O-sulfate : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is the O-sulfo derivative of L-serine.

serine O-sulfate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-sulfoamino acid
lixivaptan
moracin mmoracin M: has been isolated from Morus alba L.; structure in first sourcebenzofurans
etravirineaminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound
antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lapatinibfurans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavirdarunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.

Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.
carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
tolvaptanbenzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide
aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
senicapocsenicapoc: a Gardos channel blocker; structure in first source
sr 142806
lacosamideLacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.N-acyl-amino acid
ritonavirritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.

Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.
1,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas
antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
oxytocinoxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.

Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
pentostatinpentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.

Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.
coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
saquinavirsaquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.

Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.
L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
hinokininhinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).

hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg
benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan
trypanocidal drug
3-hydroxyaspartic acid, (threo-l)-isomer(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid : The (3S)-diastereomer of 3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid.3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acidmetabolite
tolterodinetertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
darifenacindarifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.1-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
cocainecocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.

Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
rolipram(-)-rolipram : The (R)-enantiomer of rolipram.rolipram
diethylstilbestroldiethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.

Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
olefinic compound;
polyphenol
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
mesoprammesopram: a potent & selective type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor
roflumilastaromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound
anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
deaminooxytocindemoxytocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is the synthetic analog of the peptide hormone oxytocin where the free amino group in the half-cystine residue is replaced by hydrogen. The mechanism of action and pharmacological properties of demoxytocin and oxytocin are similar. The drug affects the permeability of the cell membrane, increasing the content of calcium ions in smooth muscle cells, thereby increasing its contraction. It stimulates the contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus, as well as stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, and enhances the secretion of milk.heterodetic cyclic peptideoxytocic
arginine vasopressinArginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.

argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.
vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, type 4
curcumincurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.

Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
eggmanoneeggmanone: a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor; structure in first source
ccg 500144-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-p-tolyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) inhibitor; structure in first source
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzeneBRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes
bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
maraviroctropane alkaloid
4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2h)-pyridazinone4,5-dihydro-6-(4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone: RN & structure given in first source
tetomilast
opc 51803OPC 51803: a nonpeptide vasopressin V(2)-agonist; structure in first source
dasatinibdasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source
1,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
n-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamideN-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-fluorobenzamide: structure in first source
2-amino-3-phenylmethoxybutanedioic acidaspartic acid derivative
sitagliptinsitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
acacetin5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone
anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
mangostinalpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.

mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit
aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
morusinmorusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.

morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source
extended flavonoid;
trihydroxyflavone
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indolidanindolidan: structure given in first source
atosibanoligopeptide
deamino arginine vasopressinDeamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
l 372662L 372662: structure in first source
dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate
mdl 100907Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.
neurokinin aNeurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.
neurokinin bNeurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.polypeptide
sb 223412SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source
way-151932WAY-151932: structure in first source
silodosinsilodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first sourceindolecarboxamide
cudraflavone ccudraflavone C : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 2' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3 and 6. Isolated from Morus nigra, it exhibits antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

cudraflavone C: a tyrosinase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity; isolated from Artocarpus integer; structure in first source
tetrahydroxyflavoneantibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
su 11248monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
fosbretabulinstilbenoid
alvimopan anhydrousalvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for painpeptide
9-Hydroxycalabaxanthonexanthones
palonosetronpalonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.
azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound
antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
everolimuscyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
sb 222200quinolines
sb 218795SB 218795: structure in first sourcequinolines
6-cyano-4-(n-ethylsulfonyl-n-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane, (trans-(+))-isomer
l 371257L 371257: structure given in first source
pmx 53
lu 208075ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertensiondiarylmethane
sch 351591SCH 351591: a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source

SCH-351591 : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine 1-oxide. It is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4).
rs 14203RS 14203: a type IV cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; structure in first source
gsk 256066
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine-vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source
ci 1044CI 1044: inhibits PDE4; structure in first source
zd 6021ZD 6021: structure in first source
l-454,560L-454,560: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor; structure in first source
l 368899
t 1032T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source
hmr 1556HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source
ssr 149415
ica 27243N-(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluorobenzamide: a KCNQ2/3 channel activator; structure in first source
l-826,141L-826,141: structure in first source
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
8-(methylthio)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate8-(methylthio)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate: structure
8-azanebularine8-azanebularine: structure in first source
licoflavone clicoflavone C: Antimutagenic Agent; a naturally occurring prenyl-flavone extracted from Genista ephedroides; structure in first source
eledoisinEledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)peptide
bufokininbufokinin: binds mammalian tachykinin receptors
chlorantranilipolechlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.
monochlorobenzenes;
organobromine compound;
pyrazole insecticide;
pyrazoles;
pyridines;
secondary carboxamide
ryanodine receptor agonist
gsk221149aGSK221149A: highly selective oxytocin receptor antagonist; structure in first sourcedipeptide
oglemilastoglemilast: a PDE4 inhibitor and NSAID; no further info available 1/2006
apremilastaromatic ether;
N-acetylarylamine;
phthalimides;
sulfone
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
f-amidineF-amidine: structure in first sourceN-acylglycine
l-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartateL-beta-threo-benzyl-aspartate: structure in first source
epelsibanepelsiban: structure in first sourcedipeptide
8-benzylthio-n(6)-n-butyladenosine cyclic-3,5'-monophosphate8-benzylthio-N(6)-n-butyladenosine cyclic-3,5'-monophosphate: may be useful as myocardial stimulant; structure given in first source
lyonisidelyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-polypeptidedermatologic drug
carbetocincarbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.heterodetic cyclic peptideoxytocic
pf 04217903quinolines
3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazinetriazoles
serlopitant
n-alpha-benzoyl-n5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine amidebenzenes
ucph 1012-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source
biselyngbyasidebiselyngbyaside: antineoplastic from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp.; structure in first source
nitd 609NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source
an2728crisaborole : A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 5-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborole in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyanophenyl group. A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor that is used for treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adults.

crisaborole: NSAID, Dermatologic Agent; structure in first source
aromatic ether;
benzoxaborole;
nitrile
antipsoriatic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
mk-7246
bms-911543N,N-dicyclopropyl-4-((1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)-6-ethyl-1-methyl-1,6-dihydroimidazo(4,5-d)pyrrolo(2,3b)pyridine-7-carboxamide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source
obe001OBE001: an oxytocin receptor antagonist
(r)-n-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1-tosylpiperidine-2-carboxamide(R)-N-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-1-tosylpiperidine-2-carboxamide: structure in first source
raltegravir1,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
d159687
(6-chloro-1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)indol-3-yl)-spiro(1h-isobenzofuran-3,4'-piperidine)-1'-yl-methanone(6-chloro-1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)indol-3-yl)-spiro(1H-isobenzofuran-3,4'-piperidine)-1'-yl-methanone: a vasopressin 1a receptor antagonist; structure in first source
chf6001tanimilast: a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor; structure in first source
sildenafilsildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
zaprinastzaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structuretriazolopyrimidines
vardenafilvardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
Imidazosagatriazinonepyrazolopyrimidine
pelrinonepelrinone: structure given in first source
aprepitantaprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.

Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles
antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
lixazinonelixazinone: structure given in first source
l 742694L 742694: a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source
alpha-cyclopiazonic acidalpha-cyclopiazonic acids
way 267464