ginsenoside rg3 profile

ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

(20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Panax	genus	An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).[MeSH]	Araliaceae	The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]
Panax japonicus	species	[no description available]	Araliaceae	The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]
Panax ginseng	species	[no description available]	Araliaceae	The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9918693
CHEMBL ID	398412
CHEBI ID	67991
MeSH ID	M0255956

Synonym
(20s)-ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside rg3, (+)-
ginsenoside rg3, (s)-
s-ginsenoside rg3
20s-ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside 20-rg3
dammar-24-ene-12-beta,20-diol, 3-beta-((2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyransoyl)oxy)-
(20s)-propanaxadiol
ginsenoside rg3
beta-d-glucopyranoside, (3-beta,12-beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-
20(s)-ginsenoside rg3
chebi:67991 ,
CHEMBL398412 ,
20(s)-propanaxidiol
bdbm50317537
14197-60-5
unii-227d367y57
227d367y57 ,
20s-propanaxadiol
(3beta,12beta)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside
dammar-24-ene-12beta,20-diol, 3-beta-((2-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyransoyl)oxy)-
S9022
gtpl7658
20(s)-ginsenoside-rg3
ginsenoside rg3 [who-dd]
.beta.-d-glucopyranoside, (3.beta.,12.beta.)-12,20-dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-o-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-
3-o-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyldammar-24-ene-3.beta.,12.beta.,20s-triol
C20778
Q-100154
mfcd06410950
rg3
ginsenoside rg3, analytical standard
ginsenoside rg3, >=98% (hplc)
AKOS037514674
(r)ginsenoside-rg3
ginsenoside rg3,(s)
Q27077807
20(s)-propanaxadiol;s-ginsenoside rg3
RWXIFXNRCLMQCD-JBVRGBGGSA-N
HMS3886B14
CCG-270472
AS-56617
DTXSID101316982
GLXC-19139

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) is a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits angiogenesis in gastric precancerous lesions through downregulation of Glut1 and Glut4. Chen, N; Chen, Y; Gong, D; Nian, Q; Tang, J; Wang, J; Zeng, J; Zeng, Z; Zhang, G; Zhao, M; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Q, 2022)	3.61
"Rare ginsenoside Rg3 is a main active ingredient in ginseng, which is more easily absorbed by human body and plays its role. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 determination using an electro-synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer on MWCNT-Ti Du, X; Hu, J; Ning, F; Wang, D; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhou, H, 2022)	2.68
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is a positive monomer extracted from ginseng and has been shown to the anti-cancer ability on many tumors."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Li, J; Yang, B, 2023)	3.07
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is an adjuvant antitumor drug, while ginsenoside Re (Re) is an adjuvant antidiabetic drug. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 has effects comparable to those of ginsenoside re on diabetic kidney disease prevention in db/db mice by regulating inflammation, fibrosis and PPARγ. Jiang, Y; Li, H; Li, M; Sui, D; Sui, Z; Yu, Q, 2023)	3.8
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a steroidal saponin abundant in Korean red ginseng that has high anti-inflammatory activity. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Bae, HB; Choi, JI; Jang, EA; Jeong, S; Kim, DH; Kim, J; Lee, CH; Quan, H; Xin, C; Yin, M, 2019)	3.4
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is an active ingredient isolated from ginseng."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the anticancer effect of 5‑FU in colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cai, W; Chen, X; Hong, S; Huang, Y; Huang, Z; Lin, Z; Mi, X; Wang, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is a member of the ginsenoside family of chemicals extracted from "	( Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Ginsenoside Rg3. Hardingham, JE; Nakhjavani, M; Price, TJ; Smith, E; Townsend, AR, 2020)	2.29
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an important constituent of ginseng, plays an essential role in memory and improved cognition, and is known to produce antioxidant effects via the reduction of free radicals."	( Neuroprotective effects of a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ginsenoside Rg3 nanoformulation: a potential nanotherapy for Alzheimer's disease? Aalinkeel, R; Cwiklinski, K; Khechen, N; Kutscher, HL; Mahajan, SD; Prasad, PN; Schwartz, SA; Singh, A, 2018)	1.43
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a key metabolite of ginseng and is known to inhibit cancer cell growth. "	( Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis Identifies NOX4 and KDM5A as Key Regulators in Inhibiting Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Ginsenoside Rg3. Ham, J; Jeong, D; Kim, SJ; Lee, H; Lee, S; Park, S, 2018)	2.13
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine with high antitumor activity."	( Ginsenoside Rg3-induced EGFR/MAPK pathway deactivation inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by decreasing FUT4/LeY expression. Aziz, F; Liu, JW; Shan, X; Tian, LL; Wang, XQ; Yan, Q, 2015)	2.58
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a steroidal saponin, which was isolated from Panax ginseng."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer cells to γ-radiation by targeting the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Li, X; Song, YM; Wang, B; Wang, HQ; Wang, L; Yang, R; Zhang, FR; Zhang, GJ, 2015)	2.58
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an herbal medicine with strong antitumor activity through inhibiting tumor growth and promoting tumor cell death."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses FUT4 expression through inhibiting NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway to promote melanoma cell death. Liu, JW; Shan, X; Tian, LL; Wang, XQ; Yan, Q; Zhang, YM, 2015)	2.58
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a bioactive ginseng constituent that has been reported to have diverse pathological and physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-metastatic activities. "	( Anti-Metastasis Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 in B16F10 Cells. Kang, YJ; Lee, SG; Nam, JO, 2015)	2.16
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine which inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in various cancer cells."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 induces FUT4-mediated apoptosis in H. pylori CagA-treated gastric cancer cells by regulating SP1 and HSF1 expressions. Aziz, F; Liu, J; Wang, X; Yan, Q, 2016)	2.6
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine with numerous pharmacological effects."	( Genomic expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis on diabetic nephrology with ginsenoside Rg3. Cui, C; Fu, L; Liu, Y; Luo, B; Wang, H; Wang, J; Xiao, Z; Xie, N; Yu, L, 2016)	1.38
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an extract of total ginseng saponins, which accounts for 4.7% of all saponins. "	( Antinociceptive Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 in a Rat Model of Incisional Pain. Ahn, EJ; Baek, CW; Bang, SR; Choi, GJ; Jung, YH; Kang, H; Woo, YC, 2016)	2.17
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an antiangiogenic agent which can down-regulate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and EGFR."	( Clinical benefit from EGFR-TKI plus ginsenoside Rg3 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR active mutation. Chen, X; Chen, Z; Duan, Y; Kong, R; Li, Y; Lu, D; Niu, K; Sun, J; Wang, Y; Xia, L, 2016)	1.43
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an effective chemical component extracted from the red Panix. "	( Research on the antitumor effect of ginsenoside Rg3 in B16 melanoma cells. Chen, J; He, X; Ou-Yang, X; Peng, H, 2008)	2.06
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer which possesses anticancer effects. "	( [Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on Pim-3 and Bad proteins in human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1]. Hu, ZF; Huang, Y; Jian, J, 2009)	2.19
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is a single compound isolated from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L., Araliaceae) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits colorectal tumor growth through the down-regulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Du, W; Gao, JL; Haydon, RC; He, BC; He, TC; Luo, J; Luo, X; Luu, HH; Shen, J; Wang, CZ; Wang, L; Wang, YT; Yuan, CS; Zhang, BQ; Zhou, Q, 2011)	2.53
"Ginsenoside Rg3 is an extract from the natural product ginseng. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits CXCR4 expression and related migrations in a breast cancer cell line. Chen, JH; Chen, XP; Jiang, H; Qian, LL, 2011)	3.25

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has a strong anticancer influence on colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and other malignant tumors."	( Examination of Combined Treatment of Ginsenoside Rg3 and 5-Fluorouracil in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Deng, Y; Du, Z; Shan, K; Yang, S; Yue, P, 2022)	1.72
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has a strong antitumor migration capability by suppressing NF-κB activity and expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits colon cancer cell migration by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B activity. Chao, Y; Chaojie, W; Hongxiang, L; Junmin, S; Zhen, L, 2015)	3.3
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has an analgesic effect with a curvilinear dose-response relationship. "	( Antinociceptive Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 in a Rat Model of Incisional Pain. Ahn, EJ; Baek, CW; Bang, SR; Choi, GJ; Jung, YH; Kang, H; Woo, YC, 2016)	2.17
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been clinically reported to have positive effects in enhancing immune function in patients."	( The effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with chemotherapy on immune function in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, Y; Fang, C; Fang, W; Gao, S; Hu, R; Lu, W; Sun, L; Wang, N; Wang, T, 2023)	1.99
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been studied in several cancer models and is suggested to act through various pharmacological effects. "	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cancer stemness and mesenchymal transition in breast cancer via regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Choi, YJ; Eum, DY; Heo, K; Jin, YH; Kim, MY; Park, SJ; Park, SY; Shim, JW; Song, JH, 2020)	2.32
"Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been reported to exert numerous antitumor effects, thus indicating that Rg3 may be a potential therapeutic agent that targets keloids."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits keloid fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen synthesis in vitro via the TGF‑β/Smad and ERK signaling pathways. Bian, W; Cheng, L; Jin, R; Tang, M; Wang, W; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been reported to exert protection function on germ cells. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 protects mouse leydig cells against triptolide by downregulation of miR-26a. Li, Z; Liang, H; Zhang, S, 2019)	3.4
"The Ginsenoside Rg3 has been shown to possess antiangiogenic and anticancer properties. "	( Development of liposomal Ginsenoside Rg3: formulation optimization and evaluation of its anticancer effects. J Lee, R; Li, Y; Lu, J; Meng, Q; Sun, X; Teng, L; Yu, H, 2013)	1.25
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has shown multiple pharmacological activities and been considered as one of the most promising approaches for fatigue treatment. "	( Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on tyrosine hydroxylase and related mechanisms in the forced swimming-induced fatigue rats. Qian, F; Shan, Y; Sun, M; Wang, C; Wang, D; Xu, Y; Zhang, P; Zhu, C, 2013)	2.23
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been commonly used in anti-angiogenic therapy of solid tumors."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits HIF-1α and VEGF expression in patient with acute leukemia via inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Chang, C; Kong, P; Li, J; Wang, J; Zeng, D, 2014)	2.57
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been proposed to mediate anti-diabetic effects, but their direct effect on pancreatic β cell viability and mechanisms are not clearly understood. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 prevents INS-1 cell death from intermittent high glucose stress. Jung, HS; Kim, MK; Kim, TK; Kim, TN; Kim, YJ; Kwon, MJ; Lee, EJ; Lee, SH; Park, JH; Park, SM; Rhee, BD, 2016)	3.32
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been found to inhibit several kinds of tumor growth and metastasis."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on ovarian cancer metastasis. Cui, MH; Gu, LP; Jiang, X; Su, MM; Wang, DD; Wang, WJ; Xin, Y; Xu, TM, 2008)	1.39
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been a subject of interest for use as a cancer preventive or therapeutic agent. "	( Combination of ginsenoside Rg3 with docetaxel enhances the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells via inhibition of NF-kappaB. Cho, JS; Choi, SS; Han, SB; Hong, JT; Kim, SM; Lee, SY; Oh, KW; Son, SM; Yoo, HS; Yoon, DY; Yun, YP, 2010)	2.16
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has been considered as the major active component of Panax ginseng."	( [Metabolite fingerprint and biomarkers identification of rat urine after dosed with ginsenoside Rg3 based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF-MS)]. Cai, Z; Kong, H; Lu, G; Wang, J; Xu, G; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y, 2006)	1.28

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ginsenoside Rg3 may inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro."	( Metabolic study of ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride in type 2 diabetic rats by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Dai, Y; Fu, Y; Li, X; Tao, X; Yang, D; Yu, J; Yue, H; Zheng, F, 2021)	1.67
"Ginsenoside Rg3 could enhance the efficacy of erlotinib to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and downregulation of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the anti-proliferative activity of erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cell lines by downregulation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Bu, Y; Fei, Z; Jiang, J; Li, W; Sun, Y; Yuan, Z, 2017)	2.62
"Ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit inflammatory response and promote the activation of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways to prevent damages of lung tissues induced by hyperglycemia."	( Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on lung injury in diabetic rats. Tian, Y; Wang, G; Wang, H; Wu, B; Wu, W; Xu, W; Zhang, F, 2019)	1.55
"Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes myogenic differentiation and multinucleated myotube formation through Akt activation in a dose-dependent manner, without any cytotoxicity. "	( Ginsenoside Rg3 upregulates myotube formation and mitochondrial function, thereby protecting myotube atrophy induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Bae, GU; Bae, JH; Kang, JS; Lee, H; Lee, SJ; Park, J, 2019)	3.4
"Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes cytotoxicity and apoptosis of Paclitaxel by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and modulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression on TNBC."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel through inhibiting NF-κB signaling and regulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression on triple-negative breast cancer. Jiang, H; Li, J; Liu, X; Yuan, Z; Zhu, X, 2017)	2.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly decreased the incidence and invasionin a mouse model of lung cancer induced by urethane."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 regulates DNA damage in non-small cell lung cancer cells by activating VRK1/P53BP1 pathway. Chai, X; Cui, Z; Guo, D; Hou, C; Liu, T; Wang, Z; Xu, J; Zuo, L, 2019)	2.68
"Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment augmented the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra (p < 0.01), mean density of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers (p < 0.01), and dopamine content (p < 0.01) in the striatum and reduced the reactive oxygen species level in the substantia nigra (p < 0.01)."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 exerts a neuroprotective effect in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease mice via its anti-oxidative properties. Fu, L; Han, B; Han, Y; He, J; Li, C; Wang, T; Wang, Z; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment restores myotube formation and increases myotube diameters under TNF-α-treated conditions."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 upregulates myotube formation and mitochondrial function, thereby protecting myotube atrophy induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Bae, GU; Bae, JH; Kang, JS; Lee, H; Lee, SJ; Park, J, 2019)	2.68
"The ginsenoside Rg3‑treated cells also exhibited an elevation in the expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein (Bax), a pro‑apoptotic protein."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 induces apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells via the activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein. Lou, SF; Luo, Y; Wang, DX; Zeng, HQ; Zhang, P, 2015)	2.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These effects were completely reversed during the recovery period, and no other adverse effects were observed."	( Toxicity of a novel anti-tumor agent 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3: a 26-week intramuscular repeated administration study in Beagle dogs. Li, PY; Liu, JP; Lu, D; Nicholson, RC; Wang, F, 2011)	0.63
" These effects were completely reversible during the recovery period, and no other adverse effects were observed."	( Toxicity of a novel anti-tumor agent 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3: a 26-week intramuscular repeated administration study in rats. Li, PY; Liu, JP; Lu, D; Nicholson, RC; Wang, F; Zhao, WJ, 2012)	0.64
"High doses of KRG reduced mortality at the LD50 of APAP."	( Korean red ginseng extract prevents APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through metabolic enzyme regulation: the role of ginsenoside Rg3, a protopanaxadiol. Cho, MK; Gum, SI, 2013)	0.6
" In the present study, therefore, we assessed the protective effect of Rg3 against N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a toxic metabolic intermediate of APAP."	( The amelioration of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine toxicity by ginsenoside Rg3: the role of Nrf2-mediated detoxification and Mrp1/Mrp3 transports. Cho, MK; Gum, SI, 2013)	0.63
" The LD50 value [45 µM for Rg3(S), less than 10 µM for Rh2(S)] and gross morphological electron microscopic observation revealed more severe cellular damage in cells treated with Rh2(S) than in those treated with Rg3(S)."	( Stereoisomer-specific anticancer activities of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 in HepG2 cells: disparity in cytotoxicity and autophagy-inducing effects due to 20(S)-epimers. Cheong, JH; Hong, MJ; Kim, H; Kim, HP; Kim, J; Kim, JW; Park, JH; Sung, SH; Yang, H; Yang, MH; Yoo, H, 2015)	0.67

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This method has been demonstrated to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans."	( Determination of ginsenoside Rg3 in plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic study. Fu, L; Hui, M; Kong, L; Liu, G; Pang, H; Su, C; Wang, H; Zhang, Y; Zou, H, 1999)	0.64
"kg-1 in 8 male volunteers, the plasma concentration-time course fitted well to a two-compartment open model, with the following pharmacokinetic parameters: Tmax(0."	( [Pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside RG3 in human volunteers]. Fu, L; Pang, H; Su, CY; Wang, HL, 2001)	0.59
" The pharmacokinetic results shows that it exhibited first order kinetic characteristics."	( [Pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside RG3 in human volunteers]. Fu, L; Pang, H; Su, CY; Wang, HL, 2001)	0.59
" An average half-life of 18."	( In vivo rat metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rg3. Cai, Z; Jiang, ZH; Mak, NK; Qian, T; Wong, RN, 2005)	0.58
" This quantitation method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of Rg3 after both an oral and an intravenous administration to beagle dogs."	( Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in dog. Chen, X; Li, K; Li, X; Xu, J; Zhong, D, 2005)	0.55
"To support pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenosides, a novel method to quantitatively analyze ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), its prosapogenin ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) and aglycone 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (ppd) in rat plasma was developed and validated."	( High performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of ginsenoside Rg3 and its metabolites in rat plasma using solid-phase extraction for pharmacokinetic studies. Jiang, XL; Li, H; Sun, JG; Tucker, I; Wang, GJ; Wang, R; Wang, W; Xie, HT; Xie, YY; Xu, MJ; Zhao, XC, 2005)	0.78
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of 400 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, to rats."	( Stereoselective determination of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 epimers in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Bae, SH; Bae, SK; Jang, MJ; Kim, JY; Kim, SO; Seo, JH; Yoo, YH; Zheng, YF, 2013)	0.39
" The AUC and Cmax values of both S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 after BST204 oral administration were proportional to the administered BST204 doses ranged from 400 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg, which suggested linear pharmacokinetic properties."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 epimers after oral administration of BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract, in rats. Bae, SH; Bae, SK; Jang, MJ; Kim, JY; Kim, SO; Oh, E; Park, JB; Yoo, YH; Yoon, KD; Zheng, YF, 2014)	0.4
" To better understand the differences of pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolism behaviors of Rg3 epimers in rat plasma, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated."	( Stereoselective pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ epimers in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Chen, X; Ding, Y; Le, J; Li, X; Peng, M; Yang, Y; Yi, Y; Zhang, T, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" the low-dose CTX (LDCTX) group, the maximum tolerable dose CTX (MTDCTX) group, the ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) group, the low-dose CTX combined with ginsenoside Rg3 group (LDCTX + Rg3), and the model group."	( [Experimental study on anti-angiogenesis in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma by low-dose of cyclophosphamide combined with ginsenoside Rg3]. Kang, XM; Tong, DD; Zhang, QY; Zhao, W, 2005)	0.76
"To evaluate the enhancing effects of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with mitomycin C and tegafur (MF) on postoperative chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer."	( [Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with mitomycin C and tegafur in advanced gastric cancer]. Chen, ZJ; Cheng, J; Han, SL; Huang, YP; Liu, NX; Yao, JG; Zhu, GB, 2007)	0.89
"Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer when used alone or combined with CTX."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with cyclophosphamide on growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer. Cui, MH; Gu, LP; Jiang, X; Xin, Y; Xu, TM, 2007)	2.1
" The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose gemcitabine combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on angiogenesis and growth of established Lewis lung carcinoma in mice."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice. Cui, DD; Huang, XB; Huang, Y; Ji, LL; Liu, TG; Mao, SH; Song, HB; Yi, C, 2009)	0.89
"Ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine may significantly inhibit angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer and improve survival and quality of life of tumor-bearing mice."	( Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice. Cui, DD; Huang, XB; Huang, Y; Ji, LL; Liu, TG; Mao, SH; Song, HB; Yi, C, 2009)	2.11
"To observe the effects of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) regimen in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.35
" Patients in the treatment group were treated with Shenyi Capsule combined with GP regimen, and patients in the control group were treated with GP regimen alone."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.35
"Shenyi Capsule combined with GP regimen is feasible and safe in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, and the effects are better than chemotherapy alone."	( [Efficacy of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer: a randomized controlled trial]. Fan, QX; Huang, JY; Sun, Y; Zhang, YQ, 2009)	0.35
"The present study aims to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with oxaliplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the related mechanism."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 Combined with Oxaliplatin Inhibits the Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Downregulating PCNA and Cyclin D1. Hua, H; Qin, S; Shan, K; Shao, J; Wang, Y; Yang, A, 2019)	2.21

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, 20(R)-Rg3 has a low bioavailability after oral administration in human due to the first-pass effect."	( The anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in mice by intranasally administration. Ding, X; Gao, J; Gao, S; Tang, W; Zhang, Y, 2008)	0.63
" This work revealed that the bioavailability of G-Rg3 was relatively poor."	( The preventive role of the red gingeng ginsenoside Rg3 in the treatment of lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Fei, S; Liu, L; Xiong, J; Yang, S; You, M; Yuan, H, 2023)	1.18

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"kg-1 GRg3 in 6 other volunteers because of the low concentration, but a good correlation between Cmax and dosage of the two groups was found."	( [Pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside RG3 in human volunteers]. Fu, L; Pang, H; Su, CY; Wang, HL, 2001)	0.59
"5 min was obtained after the ginsenoside was intravenously dosed at 5 mg/kg."	( In vivo rat metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rg3. Cai, Z; Jiang, ZH; Mak, NK; Qian, T; Wong, RN, 2005)	0.58
"Thirty-five SD rats with induced hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into a control group and 3 dosage groups according to the dosing levels of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3."	( [Anticarcinogenic effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats]. Fu, L; Guan, YS; He, Q; Li, X; Liu, Y; Mao, YQ; Sun, L; Zhou, XP, 2005)	0.81
"There was significant difference in tumour volume between the high dosage group and the control group."	( [Anticarcinogenic effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 on induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats]. Fu, L; Guan, YS; He, Q; Li, X; Liu, Y; Mao, YQ; Sun, L; Zhou, XP, 2005)	0.61
" Methylene blue (MB) but not N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-[4,3-]quinoxsalin-1-one) modified the dose-response curve of ginsenoside Rg(3)."	( Relaxation of canine corporal smooth muscle relaxation by ginsenoside saponin Rg3 is independent from eNOS activation. Chang, KC; Kang, YJ; Sohn, JT, 2005)	0.33
" Urine samples were collected from both dosed and control animals."	( [Metabolite fingerprint and biomarkers identification of rat urine after dosed with ginsenoside Rg3 based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF-MS)]. Cai, Z; Kong, H; Lu, G; Wang, J; Xu, G; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y, 2006)	0.56
" Mutations of L427R, N428R and L431K in transmembrane domain-I-segment 6 (IS6) of the channel significantly attenuated the Rg(3) action and caused rightward shifts in dose-response curves."	( Mutations Leu427, Asn428, and Leu431 residues within transmembrane domain-I-segment 6 attenuate ginsenoside-mediated L-type Ca(2+) channel current inhibitions. Bae, CS; Choi, SH; Hwang, SH; Kim, BR; Kim, HC; Lee, BH; Lee, JH; Lee, SM; Nah, SY; Oh, JW; Pyo, MK; Rhim, H; Shin, TJ, 2009)	0.35
"At a dosage without obvious cytotoxicity, Rg3 treatment elicits a weak CXCR4 stain color, decreases the number of migrated cells in CXCL12-elicited chemotaxis and reduces the width of the scar in wound healing."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits CXCR4 expression and related migrations in a breast cancer cell line. Chen, JH; Chen, XP; Jiang, H; Qian, LL, 2011)	1.81
" After oral dosing of BST204, S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 were distributed mainly to the liver and gastrointestinal tract in rats."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 epimers after oral administration of BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract, in rats. Bae, SH; Bae, SK; Jang, MJ; Kim, JY; Kim, SO; Oh, E; Park, JB; Yoo, YH; Yoon, KD; Zheng, YF, 2014)	0.4
" This study aimed to explore a method of preparing nano-sized 20(s)-ginsenoside Rg3 particle named 20(s)-ginsenoside Rg3-loaded magnetic human serum albumin nanospheres (20(s)-Rg3/HSAMNP) to change dosage form to improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability."	( 20(s)-ginsenoside Rg3-loaded magnetic human serum albumin nanospheres applied to HeLa cervical cancer cells in vitro. Chen, D; Li, M; Liu, P; Miao, F; Tang, Q; Yang, R, 2014)	1.12
"Ginsenoside Rg3 has an analgesic effect with a curvilinear dose-response relationship."	( Antinociceptive Effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 in a Rat Model of Incisional Pain. Ahn, EJ; Baek, CW; Bang, SR; Choi, GJ; Jung, YH; Kang, H; Woo, YC, 2016)	2.17
" The data will be beneficial to the development of new dosage forms of 20(R)-Rg3 and extensive application."	( Enhanced antitumor activity in A431 cells via encapsulation of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 in PLGA nanoparticles. Du, M; Fu, L; Fu, Y; Ge, B; Liu, J; Yan, Q; Zhang, S, 2017)	0.69
" Male rats were dosed with Rg3 (25 or 50 mg/kg) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS."	( Ginsenoside Rg3 modulates spatial memory and fear memory extinction by the HPA axis and BDNF-TrkB pathway in a rat post-traumatic stress disorder. Lee, B; Sur, B, 2022)	2.16
" Moreover, nasal mucosa samples from the normal control group, AR model group and high dosage of Rg3 were collected to perform omics analysis."	( Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics to reveal the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on allergic rhinitis in mice. Lin, H; Liu, J; Sun, L; Wang, C; Wang, F; Wang, G; Yang, N; Yi, X; Zhu, D, 2023)	1.14

Role	Description
apoptosis inducer	Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
angiogenesis modulating agent	An agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. This is accomplished by endogenous angiogenic proteins and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
ginsenoside	Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.
tetracyclic triterpenoid	Any triterpenoid consisting of a tetracyclic skeleton.
glycoside	A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
ginsenoside degradation III	0	4
ginsenoside degradation II	0	5
ginsenosides biosynthesis	10	32

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	250.0000	0.0210	1.8626	10.0000	AID480992
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	250.0000	0.4800	4.3564	9.9400	AID480993
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	200.0000	0.0010	1.1913	10.0000	AID1161379
Kappa-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	250.0000	0.0003	0.7123	7.0700	AID480992
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
DNA topological change	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
programmed cell death	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic cleavage	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome segregation	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topological change	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA ligation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome segregation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
female meiotic nuclear division	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic chromosome condensation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic cleavage	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA duplex unwinding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sister chromatid segregation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoid metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturation	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urine volume	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
fructose biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity response	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric collecting duct development	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
single-stranded DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding, bending	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
supercoiled DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding, bending	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glucuronate reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear chromosome	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-DNA complex	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear chromosome	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, centromeric region	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (74)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1164707	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 24, Issue:20	Novel dammarane saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells.
AID1210050	Cytotoxicity against neonatal HDF assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488347	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in Bcl2 m-RNA expression at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488321	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 5 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by ann	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488317	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 1 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by ann	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID480997	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID595752	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID480995	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1488342	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as decrease in Bax m-RNA expression pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by RT-q	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1181201	Activation of flag-tagged SIRT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells after 12 hrs by SIRT1-p53 luciferase reporter gene based assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7	Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1181197	Activation of flag-tagged SIRT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells at 2.5 to 5 ug/mL after 12 hrs by SIRT1-p53 luciferase reporter gene based assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7	Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1488332	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as viable cells at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488323	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as necrotic cells at 5 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488333	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as early apoptotic cells pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC-	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210057	Induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in neonatal HDF at 10 uM after 2 hrs by DAPI staining-based confocal scanning laser microcopic analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488326	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 25 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by ann	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210053	Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced tail moment at 10 uM after 24 hrs by comet assay in presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID595754	Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID1181195	Activation of SIRT1 (unknown origin) at 10 to 20 ug/mL using Fluor de Lys-SIRT1 peptide by in vitro enzyme-based SIRT1-NAD/NADH assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7	Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1488319	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as necrotic cells at 1 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488329	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by a	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488343	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as decrease in Bax m-RNA expression at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488318	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 1 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by anne	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488328	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as viable cells at 25 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-F	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1172639	Inhibition of cell proliferation of human U251 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID1488324	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as viable cells at 5 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FI	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210062	Cytoprotective activity in human HepG2 cells transfected with siPXR assessed as reduction of BaP-induced tail moment at 10 uM after 24 hrs by comet assay	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID311157	Neurogenesis in GFAP+ human neural stem cells at 8 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Panaxadiol glycosides that induce neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells.
AID1488327	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as necrotic cells at 25 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488344	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in Bcl2 m-RNA expression pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by RT-	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488325	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as early apoptotic cells at 25 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by an	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210056	Induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in BaP-treated neonatal HDF at 10 uM after 2 hrs by DAPI staining-based confocal scanning laser microcopic analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488313	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in cell viability at 25 to 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210051	Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced DNA strand breakage by measuring tunnel positive cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs (Rvb = 15.96%)	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488335	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as necrotic cells pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC-propidi	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488331	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as necrotic cells at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210060	Competitive binding affinity to PXR in human HepG2 cells at 0.01 to 50 uM by FRET analysis in presence of SR12313	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID480993	Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase 2-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA by gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID595751	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID1061204	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Cytotoxic activity of gypenosides and gynogenin against non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells.
AID1181200	Activation of SIRT1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in NAD+/NADH ratio at 2.5 to 5 ug/mL after 12 hrs	2014	Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7	Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1210061	Cytoprotective activity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction of BaP-induced tail moment at 10 uM after 24 hrs by comet assay	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488341	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in Bcl-2 protein level at 5 to 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488336	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as viable cells pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC-propidium	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210052	Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced tail moment at 10 uM after 24 hrs by comet assay	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488338	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as decrease in cleaved caspase-3 level at 25 to 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfu	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID480999	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1076255	Antiapoptotic activity against HREC at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-21, Volume: 75	Glucal-conjugated sterols as novel vascular leakage blocker: structure-activity relationship focusing on the C17-side chain.
AID1181198	Toxicity against HEK293 cells at 10 to 20 ug/ml	2014	Journal of natural products, Jul-25, Volume: 77, Issue:7	Dammarane triterpenes as potential SIRT1 activators from the leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID1210049	Cytoprotective activity in neonatal HDF assessed as reduction of BaP-induced cell death at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID311155	Neurogenesis in TUJ+MAP2+ human neural stem cells at 8 uM for 24 hrs relative to control	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Panaxadiol glycosides that induce neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells.
AID1210058	Induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in BaP-treated neonatal HDF at 10 uM after 2 hrs by DAPI staining-based confocal scanning laser microcopic analysis in presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1370960	Inhibition of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3	SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID311159	Neurogenesis in TOPRO+ human neural stem cells at 8 uM after 24 hrs relative to control	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Panaxadiol glycosides that induce neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells.
AID481001	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID270214	Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at 2 mM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19	Stereospecificity in hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of four ginsenosides produced by heat processing.
AID1210055	Induction of ERK phosphorylation at Thr202/Try204 in neonatal HDF at 10 uM by Western blot analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488322	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 5 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by anne	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1370961	Activation of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3	SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng.
AID270215	Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19	Stereospecificity in hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of four ginsenosides produced by heat processing.
AID1210054	Induction of AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in neonatal HDF at 10 uM by Western blot analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1488334	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as late apoptotic cells pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FITC-p	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1172640	Inhibition of cell proliferation of rat C6 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID1488316	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in LDH leakage at 1 to 5 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hr	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1210059	Induction of Nrf2 nuclear translocation in BaP-treated neonatal HDF assessed as upregulation of NQO1 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 24 hrs by real-time PCR analysis relative to BaP-treated control	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID1210063	Plasma concentration in human at 60 mg by HPLC-MS analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1	Cytoprotective effect of 20S-Rg3 on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage.
AID595753	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay	2011	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 74, Issue:4	Bioactive constituents from the roots of Panax japonicus var. major and development of a LC-MS/MS method for distinguishing between natural and artifactual compounds.
AID1488340	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as decrease in Bax protein level at 5 to 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion fo	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1161379	Inhibition of human recombinant aldose reductase using DL-glyceraldehyde, HRAR and beta-NADPH incubated for 10 mins by spectrophotometry	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18	20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 as aldose reductase inhibitor from Panax ginseng.
AID1488320	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as viable cells at 1 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by annexin V-FI	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID480992	Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase 1-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA by gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1488315	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in LDH leakage at 25 to 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1488330	Cytoprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 125 umol/L pretreated for 24 hrs followed by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 10 hrs and reperfusion for 24 hrs by an	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion.
AID1346751	Human Kv11.1 (Voltage-gated potassium channels)	2011	European journal of pharmacology, Aug-01, Volume: 663, Issue:1-3	Ginsenoside Rg(3) decelerates hERG K(+) channel deactivation through Ser631 residue interaction.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	9 (2.04)	18.2507
2000's	98 (22.22)	29.6817
2010's	232 (52.61)	24.3611
2020's	102 (23.13)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	9 (2.03%)	5.53%
Reviews	10 (2.26%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	424 (95.71%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ginsenoside Rg3 Capsule in Prevention of Postoperative Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma [NCT01717066]		480 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Combination With First-line Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer [NCT01757366]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-12-31	Recruiting
A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Study of Anti-angiogenic Targeted Drugs Combined With Ginsenoside Rg3 to Improve the Efficacy of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma [NCT04523467]		320 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-01	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.41	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.17	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.03	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.03	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
croton oil [no description available]	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.13	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.58	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.08	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.85	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	7.57	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.05	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.06	1	0	organic cation
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	8.98	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.06	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	7.31	1	0	sulfonamide
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.4	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2.02	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.47	2	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.31	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.06	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.71	3	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.06	1	0	isoquinolines
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
tegafur [no description available]	8.42	1	1	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temozolomide [no description available]	7.83	3	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.93	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	8.42	1	1	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.48	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.06	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.74	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.13	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.43	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	7.42	2	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.42	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.74	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.13	1	0	lactose
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.41	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.05	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.03	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.02	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.76	2	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.31	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.13	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.31	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.21	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
thiazoles [no description available]	2.15	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.12	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.3	6	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
methyl carbonate methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.	2.6	1	0	carbonate ester	reagent; solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.06	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
deoxycytidine [no description available]	6.09	6	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethoxon dimethoxon: pesticide	2.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	3.12	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	1.99	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.74	3	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.41	1	0	titanium group element atom
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.17	1	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
cobaltous nitrate cobaltous nitrate: RN given refers to Co(+2) salt. cobalt dinitrate : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is nitrate.	2.13	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic nitrate salt
nickel sulfide nickel sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-S; see also nickel subsulfide: 12035-72-2	2.13	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.21	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.46	2	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	7.91	1	0
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.01	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.23	5	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	5.48	5	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.25	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	7.96	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.15	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
baicalin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.49	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2	1	0
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.03	1	0
alpha-amyrin alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.57	2	0	triterpenoid saponin
panaxatriol panaxatriol: a protopanaxatriol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis	2.13	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	7.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
beta-amyrin acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	triterpenoid
diosgenin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.57	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
saikosaponin d [no description available]	1.99	1	0
triptolide [no description available]	7.21	1	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
dioscin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hexacyclic triterpenoid; spiroketal; spirostanyl glycoside; trisaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
ginsenoside rh2 ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	10.69	29	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
celastrol [no description available]	3.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	2.08	1	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.78	3	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
cholecystokinin 9 cholecystokinin 9: nonapeptide	2.17	1	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.31	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
sorafenib [no description available]	2.66	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	7.1	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lupeol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.01	1	0
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	7.51	2	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.44	2	0	cellotriose
ginsenoside re [no description available]	8.38	6	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rf ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.98	4	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	3.5	7	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.17	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.48	2	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.06	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.03	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.69	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan	3.11	1	0
schizandrin schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name	2.17	1	0
glycosides [no description available]	2.31	1	0
azidopine azidopine: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	benzamides
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.6	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.03	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.57	2	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
nadp [no description available]	2.41	1	0
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.21	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	21.05	416	8
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	7.57	2	0
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.43	2	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ganhuangenin ganhuangenin: flavonoid from Scutellaria rehderiana; lipid peroxide antagonist	2.1	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	2.77	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.08	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
luteolin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.1	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	2.31	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
baicalein [no description available]	2.05	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.1	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
isochlorogenic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	quinic acid
trimethyltin trimethyltin : An organotin compound that consists of stannane in which three of the four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	7.17	1	0
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.31	1	0
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.01	1	0
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2.02	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.02	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
lyoniside daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.	2.06	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; steroid saponin	plant metabolite
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.02	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	quinic acid
beta-escin [no description available]	6.56	24	0
ginsenoside rb2 [no description available]	3.34	6	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antiviral agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	3.11	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
ginsenoside f1 ginsenoside F1: from ginseng. ginsenoside F1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.53	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6alpha-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	apoptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite
ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	3.2	5	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	4.55	22	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
ginsenoside f2 ginsenoside F2: isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. ginsenoside F2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.75	3	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
araloside a araloside A: structure given in first source; isolated from the root bark of Aralia chinesis L.	2.06	1	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.83	3	0
protopanaxadiol, (3beta,12beta)-isomer (20S)-protopanaxadiol : A diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position.	2.17	1	0	protopanaxadiol
ginsenoside rk1 ginsenoside Rk1: structure in first source	3.17	5	0
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	3.88	11	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
ginsenoside ro ginsenoside Ro: from ginseng; RN given refers to ginsenoside Ro, (all-D)-isomer	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ginsenoside rc [no description available]	3.11	4	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rh1 ginsenoside Rh1: RN given for (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-isomer. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position.	2.8	3	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.48	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
chikusetsu saponin iva chikusetsu saponin IVa: from the tubers of Hemsleya pengxianensis (Cucurbitaceae)	2.46	2	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.17	1	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.6	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.11	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.17	1	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.5	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.99	1	0
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	4.26	17	0
ginsenoside rg2 ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.95	4	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anticoagulant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
notoginsenoside r2 notoginsenoside R2: from the roots of commercial ginseng	2.1	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
ginsenoside rh4 ginsenoside Rh4: isolated from Korean red ginseng Panax ginseng; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
chitosan [no description available]	2.82	3	0
icotinib [no description available]	7.21	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.15	1	0
gypenoside XVII gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.48	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
gomisin d gomisin D: a lignan from Schizandra chinensis	2.17	1	0
(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	3.58	8	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; plant metabolite
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.16	4	0
osimertinib osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. osimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.	7.25	1	0	acrylamides; aminopyrimidine; biaryl; indoles; monomethoxybenzene; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
ginsenoside rg5 ginsenoside Rg5: a major constituent of steamed Ginseng; structure in first source	2.83	3	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	7.21	1	0
ginsenoside rk3 ginsenoside Rk3: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
gypenoside LXXV gypenoside LXXV : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.25	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.48	2	0
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	3.03	4	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	7.31	1	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	4.07	14	0
gracillin gracillin: spirostan glycoside from Tamus communis; RN given refers to (3beta,25R)-isomer	2.08	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.07	1	0
lewis y antigen [no description available]	2.11	1	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.44	2	0
protopanaxatriol protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	3.33	6	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.02	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.21	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.13	1	0	dacarbazine
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.07	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.58	2	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.02	1	0
frondoside a frondoside A: from the North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa	7.31	1	0
25-methoxydammarane-3,12,20-triol 25-methoxydammarane-3,12,20-triol: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from Panax notoginseng; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.21	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.03	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.64	8	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.1	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.26	5	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.64	25	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.72	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	9.17	36	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	9.17	36	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	6.93	14	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	7	15	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	6.93	14	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	7	15	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	7.64	23	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	4.72	6	1
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.82	2	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	4.72	6	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.91	3	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.12	4	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.91	3	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.12	4	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	3.2	4	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	3.2	4	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.41	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5.61	11	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5.61	11	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4	11	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4	11	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	7.59	2	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.59	2	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	2.41	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.98	3	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.98	3	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.6	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.6	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.6	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	7.41	1	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	7.6	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	2.6	1	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	2.6	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.49	7	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.6	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	3.26	5	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	3.01	3	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.72	2	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	6.08	9	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	6.08	9	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.16	4	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.16	4	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.6	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.6	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.6	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.78	3	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	8.78	3	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.88	3	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	7.82	2	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.6	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	2.21	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.25	5	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2.87	3	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	2.25	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2.87	3	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	2.25	1	0
Ache [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	7.21	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Metastase [description not available]	4.57	9	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	4.57	9	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.98	4	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	8.98	4	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.59	2	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.72	9	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.72	9	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	4.78	6	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	4.77	3	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	4.78	6	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	4.77	3	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	7.25	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.25	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.	2.25	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	2.25	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.25	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	3.43	6	0
Aerobic Glycolysis, Oncologic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	3.43	6	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.84	3	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.71	10	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.71	10	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	7.58	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.37	6	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.37	6	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.63	2	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.2	5	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.25	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7.31	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.89	3	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	2.31	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	4.72	10	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	7.31	1	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	2.31	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.46	2	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.31	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.15	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2.15	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	8.23	5	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.15	1	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.15	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.52	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	4.85	7	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	9.85	7	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.17	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.17	1	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	2.17	1	0
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	7.17	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	7.17	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.74	3	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.17	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	3.01	4	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.17	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	3.01	4	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.17	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.46	8	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.46	8	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.48	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.48	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	3.33	6	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.33	6	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.21	1	0
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	3.36	6	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.22	5	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	7.55	2	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	3.17	5	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.08	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.95	4	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	2.1	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.48	1	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.8	3	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	2.1	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.46	2	0
Impotence [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	2.11	1	0
Ear Infection [description not available]	2.1	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.11	1	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	4.23	6	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.11	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.11	1	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.52	2	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.49	2	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	7.49	2	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.13	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.13	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.13	1	0
Exanthem [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	2.13	1	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.13	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.15	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	2.15	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	7.7	3	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.05	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.43	1	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.96	4	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	2.07	1	0
Schistosoma japonicum Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.07	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	2.08	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.99	1	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.99	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	2.43	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	2.01	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	4.73	2	1
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2.02	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.02	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.7	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.03	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.03	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.03	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	2.91	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	2.91	1	0

ginsenoside rg3

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ginsenoside rg3

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (44)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (3)

Pathways (3)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (39)

Molecular Functions (29)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (74)

Research

Studies (441)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.21

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (211)

Related Conditions (269)