A surfactant molecule possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties.
ChEBI ID: 59941
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| bupivacaine hydrochloride | A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic. | 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride; bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) |
| levobupivacaine | The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine. | levobupivacaine |
| levobupivacaine hydrochloride | The monohydrochloride salt of levobupivacaine. | levobupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 270 (30.47) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 518 (58.47) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 98 (11.06) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 507 (51.73%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 35 (3.57%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 109 (11.12%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 15 (1.53%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 314 (32.04%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0134 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0053 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6032 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.2754 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.5012 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.8114 | 2 | 4 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 8.9995 | 2 | 2 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4889 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 20.8114 | 1 | 2 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.6822 | 1 | 1 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.1896 | 1 | 2 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.0100 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.9349 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 2 | 2 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2982 | 1 | 2 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 133.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 245.5357 | 6 | 11 |