helenalin profile

Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone with a unique α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety. It is a potent anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compound found in various plants of the Asteraceae family, particularly in Arnica montana. Helenalin's synthesis is a complex process that involves multiple enzymatic steps, including the formation of the α-methylene-γ-lactone ring. It is known to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, a key regulator of inflammation, and also possesses anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis. Its cytotoxic effects are attributed to its ability to bind and inactivate various proteins, including kinases and DNA topoisomerases. Helenalin's potent biological activities have made it a subject of extensive research, particularly in the development of new anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs. The compound's cytotoxicity, however, also poses challenges in its therapeutic application, necessitating strategies to improve its selectivity and reduce its adverse effects.'

helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer). [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Related Flora

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Microcephalum	genus	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]
Helenium	genus	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]
Helenium microcephalum	species	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]
Helenium microcephalum	species	[no description available]	Asteraceae	A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of daisy refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	23205
CHEMBL ID	338474
CHEBI ID	5635
SCHEMBL ID	161593
MeSH ID	M0041461

Synonym
brn 0028081
nsc 85236
hsdb 3490
azuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3as-(3aalpha,4alpha,4abeta,7aalpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-
(3as)-3,3aalpha,4alpha,4a,7aalpha,8,9,9aalpha-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4abeta,8 alpha-dimethyl-3-methyleneazuleno(6,5-b)-furan-2,5-dione
ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 6-alpha,8-beta-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, 12,8-lactone
6alpha,8beta-dihydroxy-4-oxoambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid 12,8-lactone
ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 6alpha,8beta-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, 12,8-lactone
NCI60_041870
BSPBIO_001312
azuleno[6,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-, [3as-(3a.alpha.,4.alpha.,4a.beta.,7a.alpha.,8.alpha.,9a.alpha.)]-
wln: t c575 dyvo mv kutj a1 bq du1 i1
nsc-85236
ambrosa-2, 6.alpha.,8.beta.-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, 12,8-lactone
NSC85236 ,
pf 56
azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione, 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-, [3as-(3a.alpha.,4.alpha.,4a.beta.,7a.alpha.,8.alpha.,9a.alpha.)]-
ambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid, 6.alpha.,8.beta.-dihydroxy-4-oxo-, 12,8-lactone
4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione
(3ar,5r,5ar,8ar,9s,9as)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
helenalin
C09473
6754-13-8
MLS000728512 ,
smr000445626
(3ar,5r,5ar,8ar,9s,9as)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[7,6-d]furan-2,8-dione
NCGC00163416-01
NCGC00163416-02
(3ar,5r,5ar,8ar,9s,9as)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
HMS1989B14
CHEMBL338474
chebi:5635 ,
HMS1791B14
HMS2236C04
4-18-00-01434 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-4guy9l896t
helenalin a
4guy9l896t ,
(3as)-3,3aalpha,4alpha,4a,7aalpha,8,9,9aalpha-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4abeta,8alpha-dimethyl-3-methyleneazuleno(6,5-b)-furan-2,5-dione
(3as,4s,4ar,7ar,8r,9ar)-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione
BRD-K26302255-001-02-3
(-)-helenalin
6.alpha.,8.beta.-dihydroxy-4-oxoambrosa-2,11(13)-dien-12-oic acid 12,8-lactone
helenalin [mi]
(3as-(3a.alpha.,4.alpha.,4a.beta.,7a.alpha.,8.alpha.,9a.alpha.))-3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydro-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methyleneazuleno(6,5-b)furan-2,5-dione
helenalin [hsdb]
SCHEMBL161593
bdbm43484
cid_23205
(3ar,5r,5ar,8ar,9s,9as)-9-hydroxy-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylene-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-quinone
(3ar,5r,5ar,8ar,9s,9as)-5,8a-dimethyl-1-methylidene-9-oxidanyl-3a,4,5,5a,9,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
HB3927
DTXSID50217868
Q387505
CS-0078850
HY-119970
(3as,4s,4ar,7ar,8r,9ar)-4-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione
MS-23694
nf-kappab inhibitor
AKOS040741831

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Helenalin is a pseudoguaianolide natural product that targets Cys38 within the DNA binding domain of NF-κB transcription factor p65 (RelA). "	( Helenalin Analogues Targeting NF-κB p65: Thiol Reactivity and Cellular Potency Studies of Varied Electrophiles. Baur, JW; Brown, DA; Brown, TJ; Edwards, JT; Harki, DA; Kempema, AM; Meece, FA; Skopec, HM; Widen, JC, 2018)	3.37
"Helenalin is a naturally occuring sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis ssp. "	( Helenalin suppresses essential immune functions of activated CD4+ T cells by multiple mechanisms. Berges, C; Daniel, V; Fuchs, D; Naujokat, C; Opelz, G, 2009)	3.24
"Helenalin is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic agent isolated from several plant species of the Asteracea family. "	( Sesquiterpene lactone helenalin suppresses Leydig and adrenocortical cell steroidogenesis by inhibiting expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Söder, O; Supornsilchai, V; Svechnikov, K, 2006)	2.09
"Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone with potent anti-inflammatory properties."	( Helenalin reduces Staphylococcus aureus infection in vitro and in vivo. Boulanger, D; Brouillette, E; Bureau, F; Jaspar, F; Lekeux, P; Mainil, J; Malouin, F, 2007)	2.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Helenalin has shown its anti-cancer potential to treat multiple types of tumors, both in vitro and in vivo. "	( Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Potential of Helenalin. Guarve, K; Kriplani, P, 2020)	2.26

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Helenalin did not inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC appeared to play a minor role in the effects of helenalin on [Ca2+]i responses in intact cells."	( Increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling caused by the antitumor agent helenalin and its analogues. Abraham, RT; Ashendel, CL; Bonjouklian, R; Gallegos, A; Grindey, GB; Powis, G; Zalkow, LH, 1994)	1.24

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Helenalin treatment markedly triggered ROS production and lowered TrxR1 expression, which was ameliorated by ROS inhibitor."	( Helenalin Facilitates Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest by Targeting Thioredoxin Reductase-1 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Li, Y; Wang, F; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yu, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2021)	2.79

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Bis(helenalinyl)malonate [BHM], a pharmacologically active sesquiterpene lactone potentially useful as an antineoplastic agent, proved to be less toxic than its parent compound, helenalin."	( Renal, hepatic, cardiac and thymic acute toxicity afforded by bis(helenalinyl)malonate in BDF1 mice. Chaney, SG; Chang, JJ; Grippo, AA; Hall, IH; Holbrook, DJ; Lee, KH; Yang, LM, 1990)	1.07
"Helanalin, a sesquiterpene lactone antineoplastic agent, is toxic at therapeutic doses in murine tumors."	( Role of thiol agents in protecting against the toxicity of helenalin in tumor-bearing mice. Grippo, AA; Hall, IH; Holbrook, DJ; Kim, HL; Lee, KH; Lin, HC; Roberts, G, 1989)	0.52
"Hymenoxon and helenalin are toxic sesquiterpene lactones present in the toxic range plants Hymenoxys odorata and Helenium microcephalum."	( Role of glutathione in the toxicity of the sesquiterpene lactones hymenoxon and helenalin. Hayes, MA; Kim, HL; Merrill, JC; Murray, CA; Safe, S, 1988)	0.86
" The 14-day LD50 for a single ip dose of helenalin in male mice was 43 mg/kg."	( Acute toxicity of helenalin in BDF1 mice. Chaney, SG; Chang, J; Chapman, DE; Grippo, AA; Hall, IH; Holbrook, DJ; Lee, KH; Reynolds, DJ; Roberts, GB, 1988)	0.87
" Within a series of helenalin esters, the acetate (2) and isobutyrate (3) were more toxic than helenalin itself (1)."	( Structure-cytotoxicity relationships of some helenanolide-type sesquiterpene lactones. Beekman, AC; Konings, AW; Pras, N; Schmidt, TJ; van Uden, W; Wikström, HV; Woerdenbag, HJ, 1997)	0.62

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response experiments in primary cells confirmed pathway selectivity, but importantly also revealed differential inhibition of cell types and new druggability trends across multiple compounds."	( High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry. Clutter, MR; Crane, JM; Krutzik, PO; Nolan, GP, 2008)	0.35

Role	Description
anti-inflammatory agent	Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
metabolite	Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
gamma-lactone	A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
cyclic ketone
organic heterotricyclic compound	An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.
sesquiterpene lactone	Any member of a diverse class of complex, multicyclic phytochemicals showing a variety of skeleton arrangements and bioactivities, and having in common a sesquiterpenoid structure including a lactone ring.
secondary alcohol	A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290
glp-1 receptor, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5119	0.0184	6.8060	14.1254	AID624417
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	56.2341	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	84.2789	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
ATAD5 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.2399	0.0041	10.8903	31.5287	AID504467; AID624247; AID624248; AID624249; AID624250; AID624251; AID624252; AID624253; AID686933; AID686934
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9125	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID743255
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.1506	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.9823	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460; AID1468
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	Schistosoma mansoni	Potency	25.1189	0.1000	22.9075	100.0000	AID485364
Smad3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.9811	0.0052	7.8098	29.0929	AID588855
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.6555	0.5318	15.4358	37.6858	AID504845
nonstructural protein 1	Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))	Potency	4.4668	0.2818	9.7212	35.4813	AID2326
67.9K protein	Vaccinia virus	Potency	10.0000	0.0001	8.4406	100.0000	AID720579; AID720580
glucocerebrosidase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.5849	0.0126	8.1569	44.6684	AID2101
alpha-galactosidase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	4.4668	18.3916	35.4813	AID2107
IDH1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.4581	0.0052	10.8652	35.4813	AID686970
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7943	0.0126	2.4518	25.0177	AID485313
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.7168	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.6626	0.0041	9.9848	25.9290	AID504444
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.9433	3.5481	19.5427	44.6684	AID743266
huntingtin isoform 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.2387	0.0006	18.4198	1,122.0200	AID1688
DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	100.0000	0.0224	21.0102	89.1251	AID485314
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID1454
ras-related protein Rab-9A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0000	0.0002	2.6215	31.4954	AID485297
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	89.1251	0.1000	28.9256	213.3130	AID588591
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.0501	27.0736	89.1251	AID588590
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	3.1623	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2546; AID2551
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5329	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296; AID624297
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0056	0.1259	12.2344	35.4813	AID1458
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.5623	0.0580	10.6949	26.6086	AID602310
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9210	0.0374	2.9340	8.9620	AID624394
XBP1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.4300	0.1600	5.4049	10.0000	AID504313
type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	18.6390	2.2210	8.2304	18.7980	AID463214
apelin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	21.3000	1.7500	3.3900	8.3500	AID2784
G-protein coupled receptor 55	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.6423	0.1250	2.5860	9.7907	AID2013
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	2.6100	0.1600	3.9959	10.0000	AID504322
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]	Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1)	IC50 (µMol)	4.3740	0.9460	4.7016	9.4870	AID624395
Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)	IC50 (µMol)	2.3707	0.6252	2.7698	9.5499	AID746038
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.5700	0.0800	478.5789	4,301.1099	AID1394; AID1442; AID1444
Substance-K receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1800	0.0005	0.4964	3.1300	AID1444
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 7	Homo sapiens (human)	AC50	0.9890	0.0398	15.0025	50.0000	AID743267
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	IC100 (µMol)	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID242927
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	IC100 (µMol)	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	10.0000	AID242927
Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)	IC100 (µMol)	10.0000	5.0000	9.0000	10.0000	AID242927; AID262798
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
regulation of gene expression	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
mitotic cell cycle	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
JNK cascade	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid storage	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol transport	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle stretch	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland involution	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nicotine	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-6	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dsRNA	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-17	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
antibacterial innate immune response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensin	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to stress	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cytokine	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
follicular dendritic cell differentiation	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center formation	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
spleen development	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to stress	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cytokine	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
liver development	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle development	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to tumor cell	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
acetaldehyde metabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin organization	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular defense response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ morphogenesis	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV-B	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesis	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muramyl dipeptide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein sumoylation	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cobalamin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle stretch	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
prolactin signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amino acid	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipoteichoic acid	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to peptidoglycan	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nicotine	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-1	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-6	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
antiviral innate immune response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to stress	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cytokine	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
actinin binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin DNA binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphate ion binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
actinin binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
ankyrin repeat binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleoplasm	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
nucleus	Transcriptional activator Myb	Gallus gallus (chicken)
extracellular region	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumen	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Transcription factor p65	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (118)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID110556	Antileukemic activity of compound against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemic BDF1 male mice at 8(mg/kg)/day, administered intraperitoneally; 15.7/9.66 (Treated/control)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID400914	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells	2004	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 67, Issue:4	New chromanone acids with antibacterial activity from Calophyllum brasiliense.
AID380086	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells after 20 hrs by WST1 assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Cytotoxic diacetylenic spiroketal enol ethers from Plagius flosculosus.
AID380544	Cytotoxicity against human ZR-75-1 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID746038	Inhibition of c-Myb-induced mim-1 gene expression in doxycyclin-treated chicken HD11 cells after 24 hrs by GFP assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Natural sesquiterpene lactones as inhibitors of Myb-dependent gene expression: structure-activity relationships.
AID1149587	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as [methyl-14C]thymidine incorporation to DNA at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 by scintillation counting analysis relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID492467	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells	2010	Journal of natural products, Mar-26, Volume: 73, Issue:3	Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach.
AID492425	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9	Antimalarials from nature.
AID1132951	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells assessed a growth inhibition by rapid microtiter technique	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Antitumor agents 32. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclopentenone derivatives related to helenalin.
AID1149578	Stability of the compound assessed as reactivity with reduced glutathione at 10 mg after 4 hrs by NMR analysis	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID235489	Selectivity index is the ratio of MG MID value for all cell lines to that of leukemic cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 43, Issue:21	Sequential cytotoxicity: a theory evaluated using novel 2-[4-(3-aryl-2-propenoyloxy)phenylmethylene]cyclohexanones and related compounds.
AID1149567	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 33.3 mg/kg/day, ip after 7 days	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380523	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1149595	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as [gamma-32P] incorporation into nonhistone at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID401843	Cytotoxicity against mouse cloned EN2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 60, Issue:3	Structure-cytotoxicity relationships of some helenanolide-type sesquiterpene lactones.
AID492468	Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in mouse at 8 mg/kg relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Mar-26, Volume: 73, Issue:3	Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach.
AID1149583	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as DNA content at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 by UV-spectrophotometry relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380520	Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells after 5 hrs by MTT assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380518	Cytotoxicity against human GTB cells after 5 hrs by MTT assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380537	Cytotoxicity against human SK37 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1149568	Antitumor activity against rat Walker 256 cells allografted in Sprague-Dawley rat at 2.5 mg/kg/day, ip relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID310936	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 15, Issue:8	Quantitative structure-activity relationship of sesquiterpene lactones with cytotoxic activity.
AID1149575	Binding affinity to DNA (unknown origin) at 0.015 ug at pH 7.2 after 24 hrs by UV-spectrophotometry	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID262798	Inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA binding by EMSA	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 49, Issue:7	Development of a structural model for NF-kappaB inhibition of sesquiterpene lactones using self-organizing neural networks.
AID1149570	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1132873	Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in DBA/2 mouse assessed as survival rate at 16.8 mg/kg relative to control	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and related derivatives.
AID380528	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID99422	Mean graph mid point was measured on leukemic cells.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 43, Issue:21	Sequential cytotoxicity: a theory evaluated using novel 2-[4-(3-aryl-2-propenoyloxy)phenylmethylene]cyclohexanones and related compounds.
AID380545	Cytotoxicity against human ZR-75-1 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID387024	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 43, Issue:10	Use of self-organizing maps and molecular descriptors to predict the cytotoxic activity of sesquiterpene lactones.
AID1149598	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as ascitocrit count per mililitre of fluid at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 by hemocytometry relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID50735	Mean graph mid point was measured on colon cancer cells.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 43, Issue:21	Sequential cytotoxicity: a theory evaluated using novel 2-[4-(3-aryl-2-propenoyloxy)phenylmethylene]cyclohexanones and related compounds.
AID1149585	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as chromatin protein content at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID121642	In vivo antileukemic activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in BDF1 male mice at 3(mg/kg)/day intraperitoneal dose expressed as T/C	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380535	Cytotoxicity against human SK MEL28 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID110402	Antileukemic activity of compound against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemic BDF1 male mice at 25(mg/kg)/day, administered intraperitoneally; 12.3/9.66 (Treated/control)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380534	Cytotoxicity against human SK MEL28 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID235488	Selectivity index is the ratio of MG MID value for all cell lines to that of colon cancer cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 43, Issue:21	Sequential cytotoxicity: a theory evaluated using novel 2-[4-(3-aryl-2-propenoyloxy)phenylmethylene]cyclohexanones and related compounds.
AID1149574	Binding affinity to dATP (unknown origin) at 0.015 ug by UV-spectrophotometry	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID110559	Antileukemic activity of compound against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemic BDF1 male mice at 15(mg/kg)/day, administered intraperitoneally; 11.9/9.66 (Treated/control)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380533	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR-3 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID110406	Antileukemic activity of compound against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemic BDF1 male mice at 3(mg/kg)/day, administered intraperitoneally; 12.9/9.66 (Treated/control)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID174706	Cytoprotective effect at an oral dose of 40 mg/kg	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 35, Issue:13	Structure-activity relationship in the gastric cytoprotective effect of several sesquiterpene lactones.
AID495066	Inhibition of anisomycin-induced p38 phosphorylation in human U937 cells by Phospho-Flow cytometry at 20 uM	2008	Nature chemical biology, Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry.
AID1132872	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells assessed as growth inhibition by microtiter method	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and related derivatives.
AID495065	Inhibition of JAK-mediated interferon-gamma-induced Stat1 phosphorylation in human U937 cells by Phospho-Flow cytometry at 20 uM	2008	Nature chemical biology, Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry.
AID1149591	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as free lysosomal DNAse activity at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1149573	Binding affinity to dAMP (unknown origin) at 0.015 ug by UV-spectrophotometry	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380087	Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat T cells overexpressing Bcl2 after 20 hrs by WST1 assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Cytotoxic diacetylenic spiroketal enol ethers from Plagius flosculosus.
AID1149589	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as nuclear DNA polymerase activity at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380525	Cytotoxicity against human HEP2 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1149576	Binding affinity to dGMP (unknown origin) by NMR analysis	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1149577	Stability of the compound assessed as reactivity with oxidized glutathione at 10 mg after 4 hrs by NMR analysis	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1132871	Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat allografted with rat Walker 256 cells assessed as mortality after 4 days	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and related derivatives.
AID1149601	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells assessed as tissue SH stimulation at 0.6 mg measured on day 8 by Ellman method relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1132952	Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in DBA/2 mouse assessed as increase in survival rate at 16.8 mg/kg/day, ip administered for 2 weeks relative to control	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Antitumor agents 32. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclopentenone derivatives related to helenalin.
AID242927	Concentration required for complete inhibition of Nuclear factor kappa B DNA binding	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-18, Volume: 47, Issue:24	Quantitative structure-activity relationship of sesquiterpene lactones as inhibitors of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
AID1149600	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells assessed as nuclear DNA polymerase activity at 0.6 mg measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID671223	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Journal of natural products, May-25, Volume: 75, Issue:5	Enantiomeric derivatives of tokinolide B: absolute configuration and biological properties.
AID91673	Mean graph mid point was measured on all cell lines.	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-19, Volume: 43, Issue:21	Sequential cytotoxicity: a theory evaluated using novel 2-[4-(3-aryl-2-propenoyloxy)phenylmethylene]cyclohexanones and related compounds.
AID380538	Cytotoxicity against human SK37 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380531	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR-3 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID335952	Antiulcerogenic activity in Wistar rat assessed as cytoprotection against ethanol-induced gastric lesions at 40 mg/kg administered 60 mins before ethanol challenge
AID380541	Cytotoxicity against human SW872 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1149596	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as 3',5' cAMP level at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 by RIA relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID121648	In vivo antileukemic activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in BDF1 male mice at 8(mg/kg)/day intraperitoneal dose expressed as T/C	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380539	Cytotoxicity against human SK37 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380529	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID671225	Cytotoxicity against human SKLU1 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Journal of natural products, May-25, Volume: 75, Issue:5	Enantiomeric derivatives of tokinolide B: absolute configuration and biological properties.
AID746037	Cytotoxicity against chicken HD11 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Natural sesquiterpene lactones as inhibitors of Myb-dependent gene expression: structure-activity relationships.
AID110545	Antileukemic activity of compound against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemic BDF1 male mice at 60 mg/kg/day, administered intraperitoneally; 3.0/9.66 (Treated/control)	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID1464921	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 27, Issue:21	Cytotoxic properties of the alkaloid rutaecarpine and its oligocyclic derivatives and chemical modifications to enhance water-solubility.
AID380527	Cytotoxicity against human HEP2 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID671224	Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2012	Journal of natural products, May-25, Volume: 75, Issue:5	Enantiomeric derivatives of tokinolide B: absolute configuration and biological properties.
AID380522	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1149569	Antitumor activity against mouse P388 cells allografted in DBA/2 mouse at 25 mg/kg/day, ip relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1132956	Antitumor activity against mouse Walker 256 cells allografted in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in survival rate at 2.5 mg/kg/day, ip relative to control	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Antitumor agents 32. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclopentenone derivatives related to helenalin.
AID1149602	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as cell viability at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 by trypan blue assay relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID1149593	Antitumor activity against mouse EAC cells allografted in CF1 mouse assessed as [gamma-32P] incorporation into histone at 0.125 mg/day administered from day 5 to day 7 measured on day 8 relative to control	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380542	Cytotoxicity against human SW872 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID492466	Antitumor activity against rat Walker 256 cells allografted in rat at 2.5 mg/kg relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Mar-26, Volume: 73, Issue:3	Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach.
AID121633	In vivo antileukemic activity against P-388 Lymphocytic Leukemia in BDF1 male mice at 15(mg/kg)/day intraperitoneal dose expressed as T/C	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380084	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 after 20 hrs by WST1 assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 69, Issue:2	Cytotoxic diacetylenic spiroketal enol ethers from Plagius flosculosus.
AID1149579	Stability of the compound assessed as reactivity with L-cysteine at 10 mg after 4 hrs by NMR analysis	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID121635	In vivo antileukemic activity against P-388 Lymphocytic Leukemia in BDF1 male mice at 60 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal dose expressed as T/C	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID380540	Cytotoxicity against human SW872 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380530	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1132878	Toxicity in DBA/2 mouse allografted with mouse P388 cells assessed as mortality after 4 days	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and related derivatives.
AID380536	Cytotoxicity against human SK MEL28 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID401842	Cytotoxicity against mouse cloned EN2 cells after 2 hrs by MTT assay	1997	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 60, Issue:3	Structure-cytotoxicity relationships of some helenanolide-type sesquiterpene lactones.
AID380543	Cytotoxicity against human ZR-75-1 cells after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID320961	Inhibition of serotonin release in bovine platelets	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-13, Volume: 51, Issue:5	Neural networks as valuable tools to differentiate between sesquiterpene lactones' inhibitory activity on serotonin release and on NF-kappaB.
AID1132879	Antitumor activity against rat Walker 256 cells allografted in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as survival rate at 2.5 mg/kg relative to control	1978	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and related derivatives.
AID1149571	Binding affinity to dGMP (unknown origin) at 0.015 ug at pH 7.2 after 24 hrs by UV-spectrophotometry	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID355111	Antineoplastic activity against mouse P388 cells at 3 mg/kg relative to control	1996	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8	Progress in the discovery of biosynthetic anticancer drugs.
AID380524	Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 72 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID360408	Inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappaB-mediated IL6 promoter expression in mouse L929sA cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Feb-16, Volume: 282, Issue:7	Withaferin a strongly elicits IkappaB kinase beta hyperphosphorylation concomitant with potent inhibition of its kinase activity.
AID121634	In vivo antileukemic activity against P-388 Lymphocytic Leukemia in BDF1 male mice at 25(mg/kg)/day intraperitoneal dose expressed as T/C	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Antitumor agents. 44. Bis(helenalinyl) esters and related derivatives as novel potent antileukemic agents.
AID495064	Inhibition of JAK-mediated GM-CSF-induced Stat5 phosphorylation in human U937 cells by Phospho-Flow cytometry at 20 uM	2008	Nature chemical biology, Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry.
AID1149572	Binding affinity to dGTP (unknown origin) at 0.015 ug at pH 7.2 after 24 hrs by UV-spectrophotometry	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.
AID380532	Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR-3 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID380526	Cytotoxicity against human HEP2 cells after 48 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay	1999	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:7	Cytotoxic activities of hypocretenolides from Leontodon hispidus.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	31 (21.23)	18.7374
1990's	16 (10.96)	18.2507
2000's	49 (33.56)	29.6817
2010's	40 (27.40)	24.3611
2020's	10 (6.85)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.67%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (4.03%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.67%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	141 (94.63%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	3.09	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.46	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.02	1	0
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.02	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.14	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.46	2	0	organic cation
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	3.14	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.03	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.88	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
go 6976 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.02	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
indirubin-3'-monoxime indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.04	1	0
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.03	1	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
1-(2-naphthalenyl)-2-propen-1-one [no description available]	2.04	1	0	naphthalenes
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.42	2	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.66	3	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.04	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.94	4	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.41	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.15	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.42	2	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.1	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	1.97	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.37	2	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
diethyl malonate diethyl malonate: isomer of diethylmalonic acid; one of most used compounds in drug synthesis, don't confuse with ethylmalonic acid	1.96	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.	1.97	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	1.97	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.03	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.36	2	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.67	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.14	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	3.14	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	3.14	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.37	2	0	thiazolidine
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	3.54	2	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.46	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.7	3	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.36	2	0	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	1.97	1	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
thiocholchicine thiocholchicine: RN refers to (S)-isomer	3.15	1	0
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.03	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	1.97	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.21	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
diethyl succinate diethyl succinate: carboxylesterase substrate	1.96	1	0	fatty acid ester
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.46	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.15	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
etoposide [no description available]	3.15	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
Nanaomycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzoisochromanequinone
hymenovin hymenovin: major toxic constituent of poisonous range plant Hymenoxys odorate; shown to be mutagenic; structure	3.06	5	0	oxanes
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	3.15	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.03	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur; acts as 5-oxo-L-prolinase substrate; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; Procysteine is a trade name	2.37	2	0
cephalotaxine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.15	1	0	beta-carbolines
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	3.14	1	0	an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine; berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	adrenergic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
tubulosine tubulosine: indole derivative of main alkaloids of ipecac; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tubulosine : A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is tubulosan bearing methoxy groups at positions 10 and 11 and a hydroxy group at the 8' position.	2.04	1	0	beta-carbolines; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	3.14	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
suksdorfin suksdorfin: from the fruit of Lomatium sukdorfi; structure given in first source	3.15	1	0
nagilactone c nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure	2.04	1	0
alantolactone alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure. alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.	7.71	3	0	naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.08	1	0	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
pinostrobin [no description available]	3.14	1	0	monohydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	antidote; plant metabolite
heraclenol heraclenol: isolated from the herb Huanghuaren	3.15	1	0
isoalantolactone isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.	2.46	2	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; sesquiterpene lactone	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
brusatol brusatol: quassinoid from B. javanica; structure	6.96	1	0	triterpenoid
dehydroleucodine dehydroleucodine: has antimicrobial activity; RN given refers to (3aS-(3aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer	3.27	6	0
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.14	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
streptovitacin a streptovitacin A: structure	2.04	1	0
3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: structure given in first source	3.14	1	0
ambrosin ambrosin: from Ambrosia maritime; structure	2.44	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
Mexicanin I [no description available]	3.4	7	0	sesquiterpene lactone
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.03	1	0
phomenone phomenone: structure	3.14	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
bis(helenalinyl)malonate bis(helenalinyl)malonate: 2 helenalin moieties joined via malonate ester	3.06	5	0
geigerin geigerin: from Geigeria; RN given refers to (3aR-(3alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,7abeta,8beta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
wr 1065 WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.03	1	0	alkanethiol; diamine	antioxidant; drug metabolite; radiation protective agent
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cholanoid
parthenolide [no description available]	3.3	6	0	germacranolide
cynaropicrin cynaropicrin: structure given in first source; RN given for ((3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha,8beta,9aalpha,9bbeta)))-isomer	2.15	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
npf-etoposide NPF-etoposide: RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,5abeta,8aalpha,9beta))-isomer; structure in first source	3.15	1	0
cd 437 CD 437: selective for retinoic acid receptors gamma. CD437 : A naphthoic acid that is 6-phenylnaphthylene-2-carboxyic acid in which the phenyl substituent has been substituted at positions 3 and 4 by adamant-1-yl and hydroxy groups, respectively. It acts as a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)gamma and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancer cells.	2.02	1	0	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; phenols	apoptosis inducer; retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist
gl 331 GL 331: structure in first source	3.15	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.76	3	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
vernodalin vernodalin: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,5aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	carbonyl compound
arnicolide d arnicolide D: cytotoxic; from Centipeda minima L.; structure in first source	2.43	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
santamarine santamarine: sesquiterpene derivative of costunolide. santamarin : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group.	2.72	3	0	sesquiterpene lactone
diisocyanoadociane diisocyanoadociane: RN given for (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3abeta,5alpha,5aalpha,8alpha,8aalpha,10abeta,10balpha,10cbeta))-isomer; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
snc 121 SNC 121: RN given for (2S-(1(S+),2alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.04	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
norcoralydine norcoralydine: neuromuscular blocking agent; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure	3.14	1	0	alkaloid
tenulin tenulin: toxic constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed); structure	3.47	8	0	sesquiterpene lactone
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	3.14	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
coronopilin coronopilin: isolated from Ambrosia arborescens	2.73	3	0	sesquiterpene lactone
lupeol [no description available]	3.14	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
gaillardin gaillardin: isolated from the aerial parts of Inula oculus-christi; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
aromaticin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
wortmannin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
dentatin dentatin: from Clausena excavata; structure in first source	3.14	1	0	coumarins	metabolite
plenolin plenolin: from Helenium microcephalum; structure given in first source	4.65	6	1
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.03	1	0
bradykinin [no description available]	2.43	2	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
hemanthamine [no description available]	3.14	1	0	alkaloid
angustibalin angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure	2.68	3	0	sesquiterpene lactone
Canin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
grosheimin grosheimin: from the aerial parts of V. decurens; structure	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
parthenin parthenin: sesqiterpene lactone from Parthenium hysterophorus; structure; RN given refers to 3aS-(3aalpha,6beta,6abeta,9abeta,9balpha)-isomer	2.73	3	0	sesquiterpene lactone
11alpha,13-dihydrohelenalin [no description available]	4.46	7	0	sesquiterpene lactone
vernolepin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	delta-lactone
vernomenin vernomenin: generic name for group of peptide lactone antibiotics from Streptomyces loidensis; structure	2.44	2	0	delta-lactone
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.05	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.46	2	0	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.1	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.39	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.39	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.05	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	3.15	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.88	4	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.03	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
ic9564 IC9564: betulinic acid derivative; structure in first source	3.15	1	0
reynosin reynosin: sesquiterpene derivative of costunolide. reynosin : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group, found particularly in Magnolia grandiflora and Laurus nobilis.	2.04	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	metabolite
moronic acid moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI. moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.	3.15	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-HSV-1 agent; metabolite
racemosol racemosol: from Bauhinia malabarica Roxb; don't confuse with stemanthrene D from STEMONA that was sometimes called racemosol;	3.14	1	0
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
ethyl cinnamate ethyl cinnamate: a pine weevil antifeedant; structure in first source	1.95	1	0	alkyl cinnamate; ethyl ester
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	8.49	109	1
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.95	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	3.41	1	1
nadp [no description available]	2.7	3	0
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.44	2	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
bigelovin bigelovin: a potent cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Inula sp.; structure given in first source; RN refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,4abeta,7aalpha,8alpha,9abeta))-isomer. bigelovin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 4a and 8, a methylidene group at position 3 and an acetoxy group at position 4. Isolated from Inula hupehensis, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	1.99	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; plant metabolite
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	1.97	1	0
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.03	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	1.97	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	3.14	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.77	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	2	1	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	3.14	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	3.14	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	1.97	1	0
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.14	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.14	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bruceantin [no description available]	6.96	1	0	triterpenoid
budlein a budlein A: anti-inflammatory and analgesic sesquiterpene lactone from Viguiera robusta; structure in first source	3.14	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
costunolide [no description available]	2.96	4	0	germacranolide; heterobicyclic compound	anthelminthic drug; antiinfective agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; antiviral drug; metabolite
Euparotin acetate [no description available]	2.44	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
eupatolide eupatolide: sesquiterpene lactone from Eupatorium formasanum HAY; structure. eupatolide : A germacranolide with formula C15H20O3, isolated from several Inula species. It exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.04	1	0	gamma-lactone; germacranolide; homoallylic alcohol; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
eupatoriopicrine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	germacranolide
molephantinin molephantinin: germacranolide from Elephantopus mollis; RN given refers to (3aR-(3aR,4S(E),6E,9Z,11S,11aS))-isomer; structure in first source	3.82	3	0	germacranolide
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	3.14	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.01	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	3.14	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.97	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
clausarin clausarin: isolated from Enkleia siamensis; structure given in first source	3.14	1	0
iridal iridal: a plant triterpenoid; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
angiotensin amide psilostachyin A: has antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, leishmanicidal, and molluscicidal activities; isolated from Ambrosia psilostachya; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
tazettine tazettine: from Amaryllidaceae	3.14	1	0	indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.01	1	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
furanoheliangolide furanoheliangolide: structure in first source	2.97	4	0
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.05	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.6	9	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-7h-benz(h)imidazo(4,5-f)isoquinoline-7-one 2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-3,6-dihydro-7H-benz(h)imidazo(4,5-f)isoquinoline-7-one: a janus-activated kinase inhibitor. 2-tert-butyl-9-fluoro-1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]imidazo[4,5-f]isoquinolin-7-one bearing additional tert-butyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2 and 9 respectively.	2.04	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organofluorine compound	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
arglabin arglabin: a sesquiterpene lactone from the Chinese herb Artemisia myriantha; structure given in first source. arglabin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-1,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazulen-5-yl group in which the double bond in the 7-membered ring has been epoxidised and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to give the corresponding gamma-lactone. It is found in Artemisia glabella. Arglabin-DMA HCl, the hydrochloride salt of the adduct resulting from the conjugate addition of dimethylamine to the ene-lactone moiety, has been successfully used in Khazakhstan for the treatment of breast, colon, ovarian and lung cancers.	2.52	2	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
4-hydroxylonchocarpin 4-hydroxylonchocarpin: structure in first source	3.14	1	0
riligustilide riligustilide: isolated from Angelica sinensis; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
daurichromenic acid daurichromenic acid: structure in first source	3.15	1	0
desmosdumotin c desmosdumotin C: an antitumor agent; structure in first source	3.15	1	0	olefinic compound
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.1	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
pd 184352 2-(2-chloro-4-iodophenylamino)-N-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,4-difluorobenzamide: inhibits MAP kinase kinase; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
dolastatin 10 dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.	4.02	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; tetrapeptide	animal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
alloin alloin: isolated from various species of aloe; structure	2.03	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; laxative
mer nf5003f stachybotrydial: a pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitor; also inhibits fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
tirotundin tirotundin: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cumambrin b cumambrin B: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6alpha,6aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; isolated from Chrysanthemum boreale; structure in first source	2.43	2	0
chamissonolide chamissonolide: structure given in first source	3.26	6	0
thapsigargicin thapsigargicin: a hexaoxygenated tetraacylated sesquiterpene lactone tetraester isolated from roots of Thapsia garganica; structure given in first source; it induces mast cell degranulation and histamine release; it (and thapsitranstagin) is an analog of thapsigargin;	1.97	1	0
cephalostatin i [no description available]	3.09	1	0	oxo steroid	metabolite
aculeatin a aculeatin A: antineoplastic from Amomum aculeatum; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
lepadin f lepadin F: cis-decahydroquinoline alkaloid from the Australian ascidian Aplidium tabascum; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy-5-prenylchalcone [no description available]	3.14	1	0
withanolide a [no description available]	2.03	1	0	withanolide
3-epioleanolic acid [no description available]	3.14	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
ilicic acid ilicic acid: from Inula viscosa; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2	1	0	benzoxazole
eudesmanolide eudesmanolide: structure in first source	2.48	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
odoratin odoratin: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
ludartin ludartin: a TRPA1 channel activator; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	2.02	1	0
gomisin-g [no description available]	3.15	1	0
dehydroabietinol dehydroabietinol: Isolated from Hyptis suaveolens; structure in first source	3.14	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound
achalensolide achalensolide: structure in first source	2.43	2	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.03	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
centratherin centratherin: from Eremanthus eriopus (Asteraceae); structure in first source	2.03	1	0
neo-kauluamine neo-kauluamine: manzamine alkaloid with potent activity against infectious diseases; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
eurycomanone [no description available]	3.14	1	0	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; enone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; pentol; quassinoid; secondary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alcohol	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
nimorazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	1.97	1	0
isoatriplicolide tiglate isoatriplicolide tiglate: from Paulownia coreana; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.07	1	0
glaucarubin Glaucarubin: (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.	1.96	1	0
germacranolide germacranolide: from Artemisia pallens; structure in first source. germacranolide : A sesquiterpene lactone based on germacrane skeleton.	2.15	1	0
ivalin ivalin: from vomiting bush Geigeria; RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
pycnidione pycnidione: potentiator of bleomycin; isolated from Gloeotinia; structure in first source	3.14	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.87	4
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	3.57	9
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	2.36	2
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	2.36	2
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	3.05	5
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.72	3
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.72	3
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.69	3
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.69	3
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.04	1
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.22	5
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.61	2
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.61	2
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.76	2
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.76	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.99	4
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.99	4
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.21	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.49	2
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.49	2
Black Fever [description not available]	2.15	1
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.15	1
Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection [description not available]	2.17	1
Scrub Typhus An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia, and the adjacent islands. Characteristics include the formation of a primary cutaneous lesion at the site of the bite of an infected mite, fever lasting about two weeks, and a maculopapular rash.	2.17	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.42	2
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.42	2
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.1	1
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.1	1
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.1	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.1	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.1	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.1	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.1	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.1	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.13	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.13	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.05	1
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.05	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.05	1
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.05	1
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis [description not available]	2.06	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.07	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.07	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.08	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.08	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.08	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.08	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.02	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.02	1
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.03	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.03	1
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.03	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	2.03	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.03	1
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.03	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.03	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.03	1
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	3.06	5
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.87	1
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.87	1
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	1.98	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	1.98	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.97	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.94	1
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	1.94	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.94	1
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	1.94	1

helenalin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (60)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (49)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (109)

Molecular Functions (28)

Ceullar Components (16)

Bioassays (118)

Research

Studies (146)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.32

Study Types

helenalin

Description

Related Flora

Cross-References

Synonyms (60)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (49)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (109)

Molecular Functions (28)

Ceullar Components (16)

Bioassays (118)

Research

Studies (146)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.32

Study Types

Related Drugs (220)

Related Conditions (72)