Page last updated: 2024-12-05

phthalimide

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Phthalimide is a white, crystalline organic compound with the formula C8H5NO2. It is an important building block in organic synthesis and has a variety of applications. Phthalimide is synthesized by reacting phthalic anhydride with ammonia. Phthalimide is used as a precursor to various pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. It is also used as a reagent in the Gabriel synthesis, a reaction used to synthesize primary amines. Phthalimide has been studied extensively for its potential medicinal properties, including its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.'

phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6809
CHEMBL ID277294
CHEBI ID38817
SCHEMBL ID64
MeSH IDM0113308

Synonyms (98)

Synonym
1,2-benzenedicarboximide
benzoimide
phthalimide
o-phthalic imide
nsc-3108
nsc3108
1,3-isoindoledione
1,3-isoindolinedione
wln: t56 bvmvj
isoindole-1,3-dione
85-41-6
1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
2-diazoindan-1,3-dione
ftalimmide [italian]
nsc 3108
phthalimid [german]
brn 0118522
phenylimide
ai3-07565
einecs 201-603-3
hsdb 5007
isoindoline-1,3-dione
phtalimide
inchi=1/c8h5no2/c10-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)9-7/h1-4h,(h,9,10,11
phthalic acid,imide
AP-770/40217754
STK299439
phthalimide, >=99%
CHEBI:38817 ,
1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxoisoindole
CHEMBL277294
P0402
AKOS000119824
A841324
isoindoline-1,3-dione;phthalimide
NCGC00249121-01
o-phthalimide
ec 201-603-3
ftalimmide
5-21-10-00270 (beilstein handbook reference)
phthalimid
unii-1j6pq7yi80
1j6pq7yi80 ,
ccris 9479
dtxsid3026514 ,
tox21_303319
cas-85-41-6
NCGC00257137-01
dtxcid506514
NCGC00259349-01
tox21_201800
bdbm50350644
FT-0648821
FT-0648824
AM90367
SCHEMBL64
phthalimide [mi]
pthalimide
isoindoline-1,3 dione
2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindole-1,3-dione
1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)dione
1h-isoindol-1,3-(2h)-dione
isoindol-1,3-dione
phthalimide-
2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindole-1,3-dion
1h-isoindole-1,3(2h) dione
1,3-dioxoisoindole
1h-isoindole-1,3-(2h)-dione
hydroxy isoindolone
1h-isoindole-1,3-dione
isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione
isoindoline -1,3-dione
isoindoledione
phthalic dicarboximide
1,3-dihydro-2h-isoindole-1,3-dione
F9995-1638
J-521539
phthalimide, puriss., >=99.0% (t)
mfcd00005881
phthalimide, pestanal(r), analytical standard
hydroxyisoindolone
phthalimide; tafenoquine related; skf-2450
Z57127356
1,3-dihydroisoindole-1,3-dione
folpet tp1
BCP21906
milnacipran ep impurity b
phthalimide; 1,2-benzenedicarboximide; 1,3-dihydro-2h-isoindole-1,3-dione; 1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydroisoindole
Q412784
FS-3820
BBL037023
phthalimide [1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione]
3-hydroxyisoindol-1-one
223537-84-6
136918-14-4
EN300-17966
phthalimide--d4
3-hydroxy-1h-isoindol-1-one

Research Excerpts

Effects

The phthalimide (PhI) moiety has been attracting more attention as an excellent acceptor building block in donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Phthalimide derivatives have been extensively researched with various biological actions."( Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Glycoconjugated Phthalimides in Mice Submitted to a Model of Dyslipidemia and Insulin Resistance.
da Rocha, IG; da Silva Júnior, JG; da Silva Neto, JC; de Araújo, HDA; de Menezes Lima, VL; de Oliveira Assis, SP; Oliveira, RN, 2022
)
1.7
"The phthalimide (PhI) moiety has been attracting more attention as an excellent acceptor building block in donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers. "( Novel Conjugated Polymers Prepared by Direct (Hetero) arylation: An Eco-Friendly Tool for Organic Electronics.
Liu, F; Wang, H; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2018
)
1.04

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Cerebellar granule cells at 12 days in culture when treated with a toxic dose of glutamate (100 microM) showed a rapid and transient increase of polyADP-ribose immunoreactivity."( Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: early involvement in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
Cosi, C; Facci, L; Kanai, Y; Menegazzi, M; Milani, D; Skaper, SD; Suzuki, H; Vantini, G, 1994
)
0.29

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The aim of this study is to develop a nano-sized cocrystal of phenazopyridine (PAP) with phthalimide (PI) to enhance the release rate and oral bioavailability of PAP."( Phenazopyridine-phthalimide nano-cocrystal: Release rate and oral bioavailability enhancement.
Chen, JM; Huang, Y; Lai, ZH; Li, JM; Lu, TB; Wu, J, 2017
)
1.02

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Two series of nitrogen-substituted cyclic and acyclic imides were examined for hypolipidemic activity in mice after dosing for 16 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg per day."( Comparison of the hypolipidemic activity of cyclic vs. acyclic imides.
Chapman, JM; Cocolas, GH; Hall, IH; Voorstad, PJ; Wyrick, SD, 1985
)
0.27
" Of the saccharin derivatives, 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoline-2-propionic acid 1,1-dioxide was the most effective in lowering serum cholesterol levels by 53% after 16 days dosing and 3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoline-2-valeric acid 1,1-dioxide lowered serum triglycerides 56% after 14 days dosing."( Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 3. A comparison of phthalimide and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives to phthalimidine and 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide congeners.
Chapman, JM; Cocolas, GH; Hall, IH, 1983
)
0.57
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phthalimidesA dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (11)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.61130.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.85230.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.97660.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.49620.375827.485161.6524AID743220
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.38710.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.08990.023723.228263.5986AID743223
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency76.95880.001723.839378.1014AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.07700.001628.015177.1139AID1259385
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)165.00000.00002.37899.7700AID612385
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)134.00000.00001.89149.5700AID612386
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)20.22000.00060.801310.0000AID1633415
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (88)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
biogenic amine metabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of signal transductionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to aluminum ionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to selenium ionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin secretionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
phenylethylamine catabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
substantia nigra developmentAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine metabolic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic processAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
response to corticosteroneAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein export from nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial to mesenchymal transitionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen metabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine receptor signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
viral protein processingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
hippocampus developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
establishment of cell polarityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
maintenance of cell polarityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of axon extensionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein ubiquitinationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule-based processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-3Glycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cilium assemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein catabolic processGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein export from nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendrite morphogenesisGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of axonogenesisGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
canonical Wnt signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascadeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
superior temporal gyrus developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to retinoic acidGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligandGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection organizationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule anchoring at centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to heatGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein localization to nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein acetylationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptorsGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to ciliumGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin destruction complex disassemblyGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of TOR signalingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron projection developmentGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathwayGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
primary amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
aliphatic amine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
monoamine oxidase activityAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
protease bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase A catalytic subunit bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dynactin bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
NF-kappaB bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial envelopeAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAmine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
centrosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
axonGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin destruction complexGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
presynapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
Wnt signalosomeGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
axonGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmGlycogen synthase kinase-3 betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (32)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1633420Inhibition of human recombinant his tagged HDAC6 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf6 insect cells up to 30 uM using batcp as substrate incubated for 1 hr by fluorescence based assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633448Synergistic neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced cell death in human SH-SY5Y cells at 0.1 uM incubated for 24 hrs in presence of verinostat by MTS assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID612386Inhibition of human recombinant MAOB expressed in insect cells using kynuramine substrate by fluorescence spectroscopy2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by C5-substituted phthalimide analogues.
AID128762Reduction of serum cholesterol in CF1 male mice on day 9 following 20 mg/kg/day i.p. administration.1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 7. Structure-activity studies of indazolone analogues.
AID128761Reduction of serum cholesterol in CF1 male mice on day 16 following 20 mg/kg/day i.p. administration.1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 7. Structure-activity studies of indazolone analogues.
AID1633439Immunomodulatory activity in LPS treated Wistar rat primary microglial cells assessed as effect on TREM2 expression level at 5 to 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by western blot analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID227699Virtual screen for compounds with anticonvulsant activity2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Topological virtual screening: a way to find new anticonvulsant drugs from chemical diversity.
AID1633432Induction of neurogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as upregulation of MAP-2 mRNA at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633418Inhibition of human recombinant his tagged HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf6 insect cells up to 30 uM using tertbutyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-(Ac)-Lys-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as substrate incubated for 1 hr by fluorescence based assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID128463Effect on Serum triglyceride levels on CF1 male mice at a dose of 20 (mg/kg)/day after 14 days1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 2. N-phenylphthalimide and derivatives.
AID128449Effect on Serum cholesterol levels on CF1 male mice at a dose of 20 (mg/kg)/day after 9 days1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 2. N-phenylphthalimide and derivatives.
AID612385Inhibition of human recombinant MAOA expressed in insect cells using kynuramine substrate by fluorescence spectroscopy2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by C5-substituted phthalimide analogues.
AID1633438Immunomodulatory activity in LPS treated Wistar rat primary microglial cells assessed as decrease in MRC1 expression level at 5 to 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by western blot analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633437Immunomodulatory activity in LPS treated Wistar rat primary microglial cells assessed as decrease in NOS2 expression level at 5 to 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by western blot analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID116864Reduction in serum cholesterol in CF1 mice on day 14 following 20 mg/kg i.p. o.d. for 16 days.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Comparison of the hypolipidemic activity of cyclic vs. acyclic imides.
AID124217Hypolipidemic activity (14th day serum triglyceride) at 20 mg/kg in CF1 male mice1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 3. A comparison of phthalimide and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives to phthalimidine and 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide congeners.
AID281483Inhibition of human liver CE1 expressed in sf21 cells up to 100 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8
Selective inhibition of carboxylesterases by isatins, indole-2,3-diones.
AID1633447Synergistic inhibition of HDAC in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in acetylation of alpha-tubulin incubated for 30 hrs in presence of verinostat by Western blot analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633451Neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA-induced cell death in Wistar rat primary cerebellar granule neurons at 20 uM preincubated for 6 hrs followed by 6-OHDA addition and measured after 24 hrs in presence of in presence of 5 uM verinostat by MTT assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633436Induction of neurogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as stimulation of neurite outgrowth at 10 uM incubated for 72 hrs by phase contrast microscopic analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID124218Hypolipidemic activity (16th day serum cholesterol) at 20 mg/kg in CF1 male mice1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 3. A comparison of phthalimide and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives to phthalimidine and 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide congeners.
AID1633431Induction of neurogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as upregulation of N-myc mRNA at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633424Inhibition of GSK3beta in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in copper-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at 10 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by copper addition and measured after 26 hrs by ELISA2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID1633430Induction of neurogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as upregulation of GAP43 mRNA at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID128448Effect on Serum cholesterol levels on CF1 male mice at a dose of 20 (mg/kg)/day after 16 days1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 2. N-phenylphthalimide and derivatives.
AID281484Inhibition of rabbit liver carboxylesterase expressed in sf21 cells up to 100 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8
Selective inhibition of carboxylesterases by isatins, indole-2,3-diones.
AID1633415Inhibition of human recombinant GSK3beta using GSM as substrate incubated for 30 mins by luminescence based assay2019ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-11, Volume: 10, Issue:4
Discovery of the First-in-Class GSK-3β/HDAC Dual Inhibitor as Disease-Modifying Agent To Combat Alzheimer's Disease.
AID128763Reduction of serum triglycerides in CF1 male mice on day 16 following 20 mg/kg/day i.p. administration.1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 27, Issue:6
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 7. Structure-activity studies of indazolone analogues.
AID124219Hypolipidemic activity (9th day serum cholesterol) at 20 mg/kg in CF1 male mice1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Hypolipidemic activity of phthalimide derivatives. 3. A comparison of phthalimide and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives to phthalimidine and 1,2-benzisothiazoline 1,1-dioxide congeners.
AID116863Reduction in serum cholesterol in CF1 mice on day 9 following 20 mg/kg i.p. o.d. for 16 days.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Comparison of the hypolipidemic activity of cyclic vs. acyclic imides.
AID116862Reduction in serum cholesterol in CF1 mice on day 16 following 20 mg/kg i.p. o.d. for 16 days.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Comparison of the hypolipidemic activity of cyclic vs. acyclic imides.
AID281482Inhibition of human intestinal carboxylesterase expressed in sf21 cells up to 100 uM2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 50, Issue:8
Selective inhibition of carboxylesterases by isatins, indole-2,3-diones.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (158)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199012 (7.59)18.7374
1990's6 (3.80)18.2507
2000's35 (22.15)29.6817
2010's81 (51.27)24.3611
2020's24 (15.19)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 65.39

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index65.39 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.10 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.23 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index109.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (65.39)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials2 (1.24%)5.53%
Reviews1 (0.62%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other158 (98.14%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]