omega-n-methylarginine profile

omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	132862
CHEMBL ID	256147
CHEMBL ID	1835117
CHEBI ID	28229
CHEBI ID	124959
SCHEMBL ID	315843
MeSH ID	M0028771

Synonym
2-amino-5-(n''-methyl-guanidino)-pentanoic acid
n(sup 6)-(methylamidino)-l-ornithine
l-ornithine, n5-(imino(methylamino)methyl)-
l-ng-monomethyl arginine
n-methylarginine ,
ng-monomethyl-l-arginine
n(sup g)-monomethyl-l-arginine
n5-(methylamidino)-l-ornithine
n(g)-methylarginine
ornithine, n5-(methylamidino)-, l-
NCGC00015698-01
tocris-0771
NCGC00024780-01
lopac-m-7033
BSPBIO_003557
BSPBIO_003537
LOPAC0_000750
omega-n-monomethylarginine
n(5)-(methylamidino)-l-ornithine
acide (2s)-2-amino-5-(3-methylguanidino)pentanoique
omega-n-methylarginine
n(5)-(metilamidino)-l-ornitina
l-monomethylarginine
n(5)-[imino(methylamino)methyl]-l-ornithine
tilarginina
tilarginine
CHEBI:28229 ,
n(5)-(n-methylcarbamimidoyl)-l-ornithine
(2s)-2-amino-5-{[imino(methylamino)methyl]amino}pentanoic acid
targinine
(2s)-2-amino-5-(n'-methylcarbamimidamido)pentanoic acid
targininum
tilargininum
targinina
C03884
n(g)-monomethyl-l-arginine
n(omega)-methyl-l-arginine
n-monomethyl-l-arginine
l-nmma
n-omega-monomethyl-l-arginine
KBIO3_002795
KBIO3_002876
SPECTRUM3_001957
SPECTRUM3_001937
NCGC00024780-03
NCGC00024780-02
NCGC00178003-01
17035-90-4
ng-monomethyl-l-argine
n5-(n-methylcarbamimidoyl)-l-ornithine
CHEBI:124959
NCGC00024780-04
ng-methylarginine
CHEMBL256147 ,
.omega.-n-methylarginine
n(g)-mono-methyl-l-arginine
(2s)-2-amino-5-[(n-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]pentanoic acid
n-gamma-monomethyl-l-arginine
ngamma-monomethyl-l-arginine
n omega-methyl-l-arginine
(s)-2-amino-5-(3-methylguanidino)pentanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-5-(2-methylguanidino)pentanoic acid
bdbm50230993
(r)-2-amino-5-(n''-methyl-guanidino)-pentanoic acid
(s)-2-amino-5-(n''-methyl-guanidino)-pentanoic acid
(2s)-2-amino-5-[(n'-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]pentanoic acid
27jt06e6gr ,
tilarginine [inn]
targinine [ban]
unii-27jt06e6gr
CCG-204835
nmma, 2
bdbm92900
l-arginine, 2
chembl1835117
l-ornithine, n(sup 5)-(imino(methylamino)methyl)-
(2s)-2-amino-5-((methylcarbamimidoyl)amino)pentanoic acid
tilarginine [mart.]
ng-methylarginine [mi]
bdbm50441055
SCHEMBL315843
AKOS022181072
l-nma
n5-[imino(methylamino)methyl]-l-ornithine
l-ng-monomethylarginine
l-n.gamma.-monomethylarginine
h-arg(me)-oh
DTXSID3040560
(2s)-2-amino-5-(3-methylcarbamimidamido)pentanoic acid
l-targinine
8-monomethyl l-arginine
n-omega-methyl-l-arginine
DB11815
n~5~-(n-methylcarbamimidoyl)-l-ornithine
nw-methyl-l-arginine
SDCCGSBI-0050728.P002
NCGC00024780-08
(s)-2-amino-5-(3-methylguanidino)pentanoicacid
n(g)-monomethyl l-arginine
targinine (deprecated inn)
gtpl11467
EN300-8092850

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results suggest that relatively high concentrations of exogenously-generated NO are toxic to AM in vitro, but the quantity of endogenously-generated NO synthesized by LPS-stimulated bovine AM is usually below the threshold for toxicity."	( Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide generation is unrelated to concurrent cytotoxicity of bovine alveolar macrophages. Bochsler, PN; Mason, GL; Olchowy, TW; Yang, Z, 1996)	0.29
" It has been shown that a vasoactive role may be partially responsible for the toxic effects of CN."	( The effects of EDRF/NO releasers or calcium ionophore A23187 on cyanide toxicity in mice. Baskin, SI; Lempka, JC; Nealley, EW, 1996)	0.29
"Acetaminophen is a mild analgesic and antipyretic agent known to cause centrilobular hepatic necrosis at toxic doses."	( Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. DeGeorge, GL; Gardner, CR; Heck, DE; Laskin, DL; Laskin, JD; Thomas, PE; Yang, CS; Zhang, XJ, 1998)	0.3
" No other adverse events involving hepatic, renal, or hematologic systems were attributed to NMA."	( Strategies to reduce side effects of interleukin-2: evaluation of the antihypotensive agent NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Fonseca, GA; Griffith, OW; Kilbourn, RG; Trissel, LA, 2000)	0.31
"1 mM SIN-1 were not toxic to MAC-T cells."	( Cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, free-radical scavengers, inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells. Douglass, LW; Ledbetter, TK; Paape, MJ, 2001)	0.31
"Peroxynitrite, MPO, and histidine are toxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells."	( Cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, free-radical scavengers, inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells. Douglass, LW; Ledbetter, TK; Paape, MJ, 2001)	0.31
"We recently reported that following a toxic dose of acetaminophen to mice, tyrosine nitration occurs in the protein of cells that become necrotic."	( Effect of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Bucci, TJ; Hinson, JA; Irwin, LK; Mayeux, PR; Michael, SL, 2002)	0.31
" This alkylphospholipid was also extremely toxic against intracellular amastigotes of both strains."	( Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bozza, MT; Freire-De-Lima, CG; Gibaldi, D; Heise, N; Mendonça-Previato, L; Previato, JO; Saraiva, VB, 2002)	0.31
" We tested for regulation by beta-cell toxic cytokines."	( Interleukin-1beta swiftly down-regulates UCP-2 mRNA in beta-cells by mechanisms not directly coupled to toxicity. Egeberg, KW; Grill, V; Li, LX; Yoshikawa, H, )	0.13
" SNP reduced some of the toxic effects of CS(2), while L-NMMA treatment showed no effect."	( Nitric oxide mediated effects on reproductive toxicity caused by carbon disulfide in male rats. Chen, G; Ding, Q; Huang, X; Ji, J; Ma, J; Wang, N; Zhang, Z; Zhou, Y, 2012)	0.38

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of L-NMMA and pharmacokinetic interactions with L-arginine in healthy subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of systemic nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with L-NMMA in humans. Derendorf, H; Eichler, HG; Krishnaswami, S; Mayer, BX; Mensik, C; Schmetterer, L; Wolzt, M, 1999)	0.3
") with elimination half-life of 63."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of systemic nitric oxide-synthase inhibition with L-NMMA in humans. Derendorf, H; Eichler, HG; Krishnaswami, S; Mayer, BX; Mensik, C; Schmetterer, L; Wolzt, M, 1999)	0.3
" This pharmacodynamic phenomenon is referred to in the present work as "teleantagonism"."	( Teleantagonism: A pharmacodynamic property of the primary nociceptive neuron. Cunha, FQ; Duarte, DB; Ferrari, LF; Ferreira, SH; Funez, MI; Lorenzetti, BB; Parada, CA; Sachs, D, 2008)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This investigation demonstrates that treatment with NO-inhalation, in order to prevent the dramatic increase in MPAP, PVR and the alterations in peripheral blood gases combined with systemic L-NMMAto improve systemic MABP and thus organ perfusion, may be a new therapeutic regimen in the treatment of septic shock."	( Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition combined with nitric oxide inhalation in a porcine model of endotoxin shock. Henning, R; Klemm, P; Martorana, PA; Thiemermann, C; Winklmaier, G, 1995)	0.29
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dipyridamole alone and in combination with either the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NG- monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), on pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats."	( Influence of dipyridamole and its combination with NO donor or NO synthase inhibitor on adjuvant arthritis. Afifi, N; Elshenawy, M; Gomaa, A; Mohammed, E; Thabit, R, 2010)	0.36

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" An important implication of these findings is that reduced nitric oxide bioavailability during stress in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis may contribute to myocardial ischemia by limiting epicardial and microvascular coronary vasodilation."	( Contribution of nitric oxide to metabolic coronary vasodilation in the human heart. Andrews, NP; Cannon, RO; Dakak, N; Gilligan, DM; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1995)	0.29
"The bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the human coronary circulation at rest and after acetylcholine (ACH)-induced vasodilation was investigated in 32 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries."	( Nitric oxide activity in the human coronary circulation. Impact of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. Andrews, NP; Arora, S; Cannon, RO; Dakak, N; Gilligan, DM; Husain, S; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1995)	0.29
"Hypercholesterolemic patients are capable of normal nitric oxide bioavailability in response to bradykinin."	( Selective loss of microvascular endothelial function in human hypercholesterolemia. Cannon, RO; García, CE; Gilligan, DM; Guetta, V; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1994)	0.29
" L-NMMA did not affect the response to sodium nitroprusside, but it suppressed dilation in response to both substance P and acetylcholine, suggesting that the latter promote bioavailability of NO from the coronary vascular endothelium."	( Coronary vascular nitric oxide activity in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Comparison of acetylcholine and substance P. Andrews, NP; Cannon, RO; Husain, S; Mulcahy, D; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1997)	0.3
" (2) Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with depression of both basal and pharmacologically stimulated bioavailability of NO."	( Coronary vascular nitric oxide activity in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Comparison of acetylcholine and substance P. Andrews, NP; Cannon, RO; Husain, S; Mulcahy, D; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1997)	0.3
" This may represent a therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases characterized by decreased bioavailability of NO."	( Adventitial gene transfer of recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase to rabbit carotid arteries alters vascular reactivity. Barber, DA; Crotty, TB; Gloviczki, P; Katusic, ZS; Kullo, IJ; Mozes, G; O'Brien, T; Schwartz, RS, 1997)	0.3
"The overall objective of this study was to assess the contribution of an altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) to the leukocyte adhesion and hypoxic stress elicited in the liver by gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)."	( Role of nitric oxide in gut ischemia-reperfusion-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction. Granger, DN; Horie, Y; Wolf, R, 1997)	0.3
"The effects of estradiol at physiological concentrations on endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilator responsiveness in postmenopausal women are mediated by enhanced bioavailability of NO, which may be responsible in part for the cardioprotective effects of estrogen."	( The role of nitric oxide in coronary vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Cannon, RO; Guetta, V; Panza, JA; Prasad, A; Quyyumi, AA; Waclawiw, M, 1997)	0.3
" We hypothesized that lipid-lowering therapy can improve endothelial function and that this effect is mainly mediated by increased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Increased bioavailability of nitric oxide after lipid-lowering therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. John, S; Langenfeld, M; Schlaich, M; Schmieder, RE; Schmitz, G; Weidinger, G; Weihprecht, H, 1998)	0.3
" This improvement is mediated by increased bioavailability of NO."	( Increased bioavailability of nitric oxide after lipid-lowering therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. John, S; Langenfeld, M; Schlaich, M; Schmieder, RE; Schmitz, G; Weidinger, G; Weihprecht, H, 1998)	0.3
" This study has investigated (1) whether basal NO bioavailability is reduced in the peripheral vasculature of patients with nonischemic CHF in the absence of confounding factors influencing endothelial function, and (2) if a difference is found, what clinical characteristics are related to the decreased NO-dependent vasodilation."	( Effects of nitric oxide inhibition on basal forearm blood flow in patients with nonischemic chronic heart failure. Akatsu, T; Arakawa, N; Hiramori, K; Nakamura, M; Yoshida, H, 1998)	0.3
" Elucidation of the mechanisms of eNOS enzyme activity and NO bioavailability will contribute to our understanding the physiology of vasomotion and the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, and could provide insights for new therapies, particularly in hypertension and atherosclerosis."	( Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and vascular physiology and pathology. Arnal, JF; Darblade, B; Dinh-Xuan, AT; Pueyo, M; Rami, J, 1999)	0.3
"Conditions associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) activity and accelerated atherosclerosis have been shown to be associated with a reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in chronic smokers : evidence for a dysfunctional nitric oxide synthase. Brockhoff, C; Heitzer, T; Henne, S; Mayer, B; Meinertz, T; Mollnau, H; Münzel, T; Warnholtz, A, 2000)	0.31
"Stimulated nitric oxide bioavailability remained unaffected in a group of premenopausal women receiving oral contraceptives."	( Effects of oral contraceptives on vascular endothelium in premenopausal women. Delles, C; Jacobi, J; John, S; Schlaich, MP; Schmieder, RE, 2000)	0.31
" These results suggest a time and biphasic dose effect of nicotine treatment on endothelium-dependent responses that may be related to bioavailability of NO."	( Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function. Bonde, S; Boston, US; Clouse, WD; Hurt, RD; Miller, VM; Rud, KS; Severson, SR; Tonnessen, BH, 2000)	0.31
" These findings suggest that brief exposure of the human forearm resistance artery to TNF-alpha may increase basal bioavailability of the vasoconstrictor prostaglandin and reduce basal bioavailability of NO."	( Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on basal and stimulated endothelium-dependent vasomotion in human resistance vessel. Arakawa, N; Hiramori, K; Nakamura, M; Saitoh, S; Satoh, M; Yoshida, H, 2000)	0.31
" We hypothesized that both ACE inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT(1)-A) increase bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) by reducing oxidative stress in the vessel wall, possibly by increasing EC-SOD activity."	( Comparative effect of ace inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism on bioavailability of nitric oxide in patients with coronary artery disease: role of superoxide dismutase. Ahlersmann, D; Christoph, A; Drexler, H; Hornig, B; Kohler, C; Landmesser, U; Spiekermann, S; Tatge, H, 2001)	0.31
" CONCLUSIONS-Four weeks of therapy with ramipril or losartan improves endothelial function to similar extents in patients with CAD by increasing the bioavailability of NO."	( Comparative effect of ace inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism on bioavailability of nitric oxide in patients with coronary artery disease: role of superoxide dismutase. Ahlersmann, D; Christoph, A; Drexler, H; Hornig, B; Kohler, C; Landmesser, U; Spiekermann, S; Tatge, H, 2001)	0.31
" It is concluded that altered bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin is involved in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction seen in nitroglycerin tolerance."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in nitroglycerin-tolerant rats. Aldershvile, J; Boesgaard, S; Gruhn, N, 2001)	0.31
"N-acetyl-L-cysteine exerts direct anti-aggregating effects through an increased bioavailability of platelet nitric oxide."	( N-acetyl-L-cysteine exerts direct anti-aggregating effect on human platelets. Anfossi, G; Cavalot, F; Massucco, P; Mattiello, L; Russo, I; Trovati, M, 2001)	0.31
" The cardioprotective effect of clevidipine is suggested to be dependent on maintained local bioavailability of NO."	( Short-acting calcium antagonist clevidipine protects against reperfusion injury via local nitric oxide-related mechanisms in the jeopardised myocardium. Gonon, A; Gourine, A; Pernow, J; Sjöquist, PO, 2001)	0.31
" In the nonstenotic kidney in unilateral RAS, NO bioavailability is increased."	( Nitric oxide dependence of renal blood flow in patients with renal artery stenosis. Engelshoven, JMAV; Houben, AJHM; Koster, D; Kroon, AA; Leeuw, PW; Wierema, TKA; Zander, KV, 2001)	0.31
"In healthy humans, continuous treatment with nitroglycerin (GTN) causes nitric oxide synthase dysfunction, probably through the reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin."	( Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study. Ahmed, S; Al-Hesayen, A; Burstein, JM; Gori, T; Kelly, S; Miner, SE; Parker, JD, 2001)	0.31
" We hypothesize that the reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin is involved in the pathogenesis of both phenomena."	( Folic acid prevents nitroglycerin-induced nitric oxide synthase dysfunction and nitrate tolerance: a human in vivo study. Ahmed, S; Al-Hesayen, A; Burstein, JM; Gori, T; Kelly, S; Miner, SE; Parker, JD, 2001)	0.31
", the sum of NO(2)- and NO(3)-, is frequently used to assess NO bioavailability in vivo."	( Plasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action. Deussen, A; Feelisch, M; Kelm, M; Lauer, T; Preik, M; Rassaf, T; Strauer, BE, 2001)	0.31
"Intracoronary infusion of BH4 restores coronary endothelial function by improving the bioavailability of endothelium derived nitric oxide in hypercholesterolaemic patients."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function of coronary arteries in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Chayama, K; Fukuda, Y; Matsuda, K; Matsuura, H; Teragawa, H; Yamagata, T, 2002)	0.31
" The effects of eprosartan on RPF are mediated, at least in part, by an increased bioavailability of nitric oxide in the renal vasculature."	( Effects of enalapril and eprosartan on the renal vascular nitric oxide system in human essential hypertension. Delles, C; Fleischmann, I; Jacobi, J; John, S; Schmieder, RE, 2002)	0.31
" The aim of this study was to examine whether CCBs of several kinds directly increase the bioavailability of NO in forearm resistance vessels."	( Nitric oxide plays an insignificant role in direct vasodilator effects of calcium channel blockers in healthy humans. Arakawa, N; Hiramori, K; Nagano, M; Naganuma, Y; Nakamura, M; Yoshida, H, 2002)	0.31
" The present results provide new evidence that NO bioavailability is depressed at rest and during exercise in patients with AF."	( Impaired exercise-induced vasodilatation in chronic atrial fibrillation--role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Inoue, S; Ishibashi, Y; Katoh, H; Murakami, Y; Nakamura, K; Ohata, S; Ohta, Y; Sakane, T; Shimada, T; Shimizu, H; Sugamori, T; Takahashi, N, 2002)	0.31
"Although reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been demonstrated in arteriosclerotic vascular disease, the integrity of this system in sickle cell disease remains uncertain."	( Divergent nitric oxide bioavailability in men and women with sickle cell disease. Cannon, RO; Coles, WA; Csako, G; Gladwin, MT; Ognibene, FP; Panza, JA; Reiter, CD; Schechter, AN; Schenke, WH; Waclawiw, MA, 2003)	0.32
"NO bioavailability and NO responsiveness are greater in women than in men with sickle cell disease and determines adhesion molecule expression."	( Divergent nitric oxide bioavailability in men and women with sickle cell disease. Cannon, RO; Coles, WA; Csako, G; Gladwin, MT; Ognibene, FP; Panza, JA; Reiter, CD; Schechter, AN; Schenke, WH; Waclawiw, MA, 2003)	0.32
" The discovery process of new chemical leads for an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human inducible NOS (iNOS) is reported."	( Design and synthesis of inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Discovery of a new chemical lead with potential for oral bioavailability. Fujii, A; Hirai, K; Hisaichi, K; Kawanaka, Y; Kobayashi, K; Komeno, M; Kusuda, S; Murota, M; Naka, M; Nakai, H; Nishiyama, T; Tatsumi, T; Toda, M, 2003)	0.32
" During oxidative stress, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) becomes uncoupled because of decreased bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor of eNOS."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral glucose challenge in healthy subjects. Dominguez, H; Hermann, T; Ihlemann, N; Køber, L; Perner, A; Rask-Madsen, C; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2003)	0.32
" If so, systematic proteomic analyses in which redox state and NO bioavailability are carefully controlled will reveal a large array of novel interactions."	( Screening for nitric oxide-dependent protein-protein interactions. Comatas, KE; Liu, L; Matsumoto, A; Stamler, JS, 2003)	0.32
" However, these enzymes, which generate vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, may also produce oxygen-derived free radicals, which attenuate the bioavailability of NO."	( Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 improves endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in patients with coronary artery disease. Breuer, S; Busse, R; Dimmeler, S; Fichtlscherer, S; Fleming, I; Zeiher, AM, 2004)	0.32
" This effect seems to be related to an increase in the bioavailability of NO, probably as a consequence of an attenuated generation of reactive oxygen species by CYP 2C9 in endothelial cells."	( Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 improves endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in patients with coronary artery disease. Breuer, S; Busse, R; Dimmeler, S; Fichtlscherer, S; Fleming, I; Zeiher, AM, 2004)	0.32
" These findings may represent an important contribution to reduced NO bioavailability in the microvasculature in diabetes."	( Vasorelaxation by red blood cells and impairment in diabetes: reduced nitric oxide and oxygen delivery by glycated hemoglobin. Frenneaux, MP; James, PE; Lang, D; Milsom, AB; Tufnell-Barret, T, 2004)	0.32
" The mechanistic relationship between impaired systemic nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and platelet activation in vivo remains unclear."	( Rapid regulation of platelet activation in vivo by nitric oxide. Bauersachs, J; Channon, KM; Eigenthaler, M; Neubauer, S; Schäfer, A; Wiesmann, F, 2004)	0.32
"The difference in the response of renal perfusion to an antioxidant suggests increased formation of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in the renal vasculature of patients with type 2 diabetes."	( Increased response of renal perfusion to the antioxidant vitamin C in type 2 diabetes. Delles, C; Fleischmann, EF; Fleischmann, I; Oehmer, S; Schmieder, RE; Schneider, MP, 2004)	0.32
" This suggests that impaired NO bioavailability as a result of endogenous endothelin may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in obesity, in addition to direct vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin."	( Interactions between endothelin and nitric oxide in the regulation of vascular tone in obesity and diabetes. Baron, AD; Lteif, A; Mather, KJ; Steinberg, HO, 2004)	0.32
" Basal and stimulated endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was assessed by measurement of the responses to intra-arterial N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) and bradykinin, respectively."	( Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involves reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress. Clapp, BR; Hingorani, AD; Kharbanda, RK; MacAllister, RJ; Mohamed-Ali, V; Stephens, JW; Vallance, P, 2004)	0.32
"Inflammation causes widespread endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular NO bioavailability and increases oxidative stress."	( Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involves reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress. Clapp, BR; Hingorani, AD; Kharbanda, RK; MacAllister, RJ; Mohamed-Ali, V; Stephens, JW; Vallance, P, 2004)	0.32
"Type 2 diabetes is preceded by years of insulin resistance and is characterized by reduced bioavailability of the antiatherosclerotic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) and premature atherosclerosis."	( Preserved glucoregulation but attenuation of the vascular actions of insulin in mice heterozygous for knockout of the insulin receptor. Crossey, PA; Duncan, E; Kearney, MT; Li, JM; Noronha, BT; Shah, AM; Wheatcroft, SB, 2004)	0.32
"Current concepts for the explanation of endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis in uremia propose a reduced vascular bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO)."	( Reduced agonist-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in uremia is attributable to an impairment of vascular nitric oxide. Büssemaker, E; Gross, P; Herbrig, K; Lässig, G; Passauer, J; Pistrosch, F, 2005)	0.33
" Recent studies suggest that an endothelial cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase (CYP 2C9) can modulate endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in two different ways: (1) by the production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which elicit hyperpolarization and relaxation; and (2) by the release of oxygen-derived free radicals, which compromise the bioavailability of nitric oxide."	( Nitric oxide- and EDHF-mediated arteriolar tone in uremia is unaffected by selective inhibition of vascular cytochrome P450 2C9. Büssemaker, E; Fleming, I; Gross, P; Herbrig, K; Lässig, G; Passauer, J; Pistrosch, F, 2005)	0.33
" While further studies are needed to determine the exact underlying mechanism(s) by which NO and the autonomic nervous system interact in humans, these findings provide the conceptual framework for the use of therapeutic interventions that deliver NO and/or modulate the bioavailability of endogenously produced NO to adjust the autonomic control of the circulation in humans."	( Interaction between nitric oxide and the cholinergic and sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular control in humans. Lepori, M; Sartori, C; Scherrer, U, 2005)	0.33
" Decreased bioavailability of NO is associated with arterial stiffness, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)."	( Exploring vascular benefits of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Cockcroft, JR, 2005)	0.33
"Previously, we have demonstrated that patients with normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetes are characterized by impaired nitric oxide bioavailability compensated for by increased vasodilatory prostanoid-mediated vasodilation."	( Angiotensin II does not affect endothelial tone in Type 1 diabetes-results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Allard, SE; Browne, DL; Cummings, MH; Meeking, DR; Munday, JL; Shaw, KM, 2006)	0.33
"Clopidogrel improves endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and diminishes biomarkers of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease, suggesting that beyond inhibition of platelet aggregation, adenosine phosphate receptor blockade may also have promising vasoprotective effects."	( Clopidogrel improves systemic endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability in patients with coronary artery disease: evidence for antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Baldus, S; Böger, R; Heitzer, T; Karstens, M; Meinertz, T; Ortak, M; Rudolph, V; Schwedhelm, E; Sydow, K; Tschentscher, P, 2006)	0.33
" These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent depressor action of leptin is mediated by an increase of NO bioavailability in VSMCs."	( The inhibitory effect of leptin on angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Díez, J; Fortuño, A; Frühbeck, G; Gómez-Ambrosi, J; Rodríguez, A; Zalba, G, 2007)	0.34
"These findings demonstrate that NO bioavailability is reduced in hypertensive subjects with familial history of stroke."	( Nitric oxide release is impaired in hypertensive individuals with familial history of stroke. Balla, C; Cosentino, F; De Luca, N; De Sensi, F; De Siati, L; Francia, P; Musumeci, B; Rao, MA; Volpe, M, 2006)	0.33
" These results suggest that regular aerobic exercise training enhances NO bioavailability in middle-aged and older adults and that basal limb blood flow does not change with exercise training because of the contrasting influences of sympathetic nervous system activity and endothelium-derived vasodilation on the vasculature."	( Systemic alpha-adrenergic and nitric oxide inhibition on basal limb blood flow: effects of endurance training in middle-aged and older adults. Hayashi, K; Komine, H; Maeda, S; Miyauchi, T; Otsuki, T; Shimojo, N; Sugawara, J; Tanaka, H; Yokoi, T; Yoshizawa, M, 2007)	0.34
" These findings suggest that periodontitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction in subjects without cardiovascular risk factors, as well as hypertensive patients, through a decrease in NO bioavailability and that systemic inflammation may be, at least in part, a cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular diseases."	( Periodontal infection is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Chayama, K; Goto, C; Hidaka, T; Higashi, Y; Jitsuiki, D; Nakamura, S; Nishioka, K; Soga, J; Taguchi, A; Takemoto, H; Umemura, T; Yoshizumi, M, 2008)	0.35
" We tested whether local oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in the coronary circulation is associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans."	( The interaction between coronary endothelial dysfunction, local oxidative stress, and endogenous nitric oxide in humans. Barsness, GW; Lavi, S; Lerman, A; Lerman, LO; Mathew, V; Prasad, A; Rihal, CS; Yang, EH, 2008)	0.35
"Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands have been reported to increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in vitro but not in vivo because of the difficulty of measuring plasma NO."	( Effects of pioglitazone on nitric oxide bioavailability measured using a catheter-type nitric oxide sensor in angiotensin II-infusion rabbit. Akasaka, T; Goto, M; Ikejima, H; Imanishi, T; Kobayashi, K; Kuroi, A; Mochizuki, S; Yoshida, K, 2008)	0.35
" L-arginine is independently associated with abnormal pulsatile (but not resistive) arterial hemodynamic indices, which may reflect abnormal L-arginine transport, leading to decreased intracellular bioavailability for NO synthesis."	( Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, arterial hemodynamics, and subclinical vascular disease: the PREVENCION Study. Bralley, JA; Chirinos, JA; Chirinos-Pacheco, J; Corrales-Medina, F; Cuba-Bustinza, C; David, R; Medina-Lezama, J; Muñoz-Atahualpa, E; Zea-Díaz, H, 2008)	0.35
" Insulin-mediated vasodilation and insulin-stimulated NO bioavailability were well matched across groups by this approach."	( Hyperinsulinemia fails to augment ET-1 action in the skeletal muscle vascular bed in vivo in humans. Baron, AD; Considine, RV; Fulford, AD; Gelfand, I; Lteif, AA; Mather, KJ, 2008)	0.35
" We conclude that ADMA compromises the integrity of the filtration barrier by altering the bioavailability of NO and O(2)(*-) and that NO-independent activation of sGC preserves the integrity of this barrier under conditions of NO depletion."	( ADMA injures the glomerular filtration barrier: role of nitric oxide and superoxide. Lianos, EA; McCarthy, ET; Miura, H; Papapetropoulos, A; Savin, VJ; Sharma, M; Sharma, R; Zhou, Z, 2009)	0.35
" Reduced NO bioavailability may contribute to imbalance between vascular damage and repair mechanisms in South Asian men."	( Human exercise-induced circulating progenitor cell mobilization is nitric oxide-dependent and is blunted in South Asian men. Abbas, A; Baliga, V; Birch, KM; Bowen, TS; Cannon, D; Cubbon, RM; Ferguson, C; Kahn, M; Kearney, MT; Murgatroyd, SR; Porter, KE; Rajwani, A; Rakobowchuk, M; Rossiter, HB; Wheatcroft, SB, 2010)	0.36
" Diminished NO bioavailability contributes to endothelial dysfunction and may be caused by reduced NO synthesis due to substrate or co-factor deficiency."	( Differential effects of NO inhibition in renal epithelial and endothelial cells in mono-culture vs. co-culture conditions. Bertocchi, C; Dunzendorfer, S; Hasslacher, J; Joannidis, M; Patsch, JR; Schmid, M, 2010)	0.36
" We evaluated whether nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in resistance vessels contributes to age-related differences in shear rate patterns in upstream conduit arteries at rest and during rhythmic muscle contraction."	( Impact of aging on conduit artery retrograde and oscillatory shear at rest and during exercise: role of nitric oxide. Casey, DP; Fadel, PJ; Joyner, MJ; Laughlin, MH; Padilla, J; Simmons, GH, 2011)	0.37
" This study suggests that the vasodilator pathway associated with PDE III function, the bioavailability of cAMP, and the interaction with cGMP may be preserved in healthy aging."	( The function of vascular smooth muscle phosphodiesterase III is preserved in healthy human aging. Eisenach, JH; Elvebak, RL; Joyner, MJ; Nicholson, WT, 2010)	0.36
" We hypothesized that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors contribute to resting vascular tone by K(+)(Ca) channel activation and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid release and that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors compensate for reduced nitric oxide bioavailability at rest and with endothelium-dependent vasodilators."	( Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor determines resting and stimulated forearm vasodilator tone in health and in disease. Kavtaradze, N; Lin, J; Manatunga, A; Murrow, JR; Ozkor, MA; Quyyumi, AA; Rahman, AM, 2011)	0.37
" This indicates that sodium excretion is highly sensitive to even small changes in renal NO bioavailability in healthy human."	( Effect of nitric oxide inhibition on blood pressure and renal sodium handling: a dose-response study in healthy man. Bech, JN; Larsen, T; Mose, FH; Pedersen, EB, 2012)	0.38
" Together, these data reveal for the first time that, in human skeletal muscle feed arteries, NO blockade can restore the heat-attenuated α(1)-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasocontraction and implicate endothelium-derived NO bioavailability as a major contributor to heat-induced sympatholysis."	( Heat and α1-adrenergic responsiveness in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the role of nitric oxide. Andtbacka, RH; Ives, SJ; Kwon, SH; Noyes, RD; Richardson, RS; Ruan, T; Shiu, YT; Symons, JD; Zhang, QJ, 2012)	0.38
" These findings challenge the assertion that NO is obligatory for brachial artery FMD and call into question the sensitivity of this procedure for noninvasive determination of NO bioavailability in young, healthy humans."	( Does brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation provide a bioassay for NO? Conklin, JD; Ives, SJ; McDaniel, J; Richardson, RS; Supiano, MA; Trinity, JD; Witman, MA; Wray, DW, 2013)	0.39
" Therefore, this study sought to examine the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability to age-related alterations in shear rate and the impact of common body positions (supine and seated) in the atherosclerotic-prone conduit artery of the leg."	( Impact of age and body position on the contribution of nitric oxide to femoral artery shear rate: implications for atherosclerosis. Groot, HJ; Ives, SJ; Layec, G; Richardson, RS; Rossman, MJ; Trinity, JD, 2014)	0.4
"Abnormalities in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability have been reported in blacks."	( Differences in vascular nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor bioavailability in blacks and whites. Hayek, S; Kavtaradze, N; Lin, J; Manatunga, A; Murrow, JR; Ozkor, MA; Quyyumi, AA; Rahman, AM, 2014)	0.4
" Preserved EDHF but reduced NO bioavailability and sensitivity characterizes the vasculature in healthy blacks."	( Differences in vascular nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor bioavailability in blacks and whites. Hayek, S; Kavtaradze, N; Lin, J; Manatunga, A; Murrow, JR; Ozkor, MA; Quyyumi, AA; Rahman, AM, 2014)	0.4
" We tested the hypothesis that ADMA would inhibit NOS but not arginase activity and that this pattern of inhibition would result in greater L-arginine bioavailability to arginase, thereby increasing viable cell number."	( Asymmetric dimethylarginine does not inhibit arginase activity and is pro-proliferative in pulmonary endothelial cells. Chen, B; Chicoine, LG; Cui, H; Jin, Y; Nelin, LD; Strauch, K, 2014)	0.4
" Therefore, PLM in combination with alterations in posture can be used to determine changes in NO-mediated vasodilatation with age, and thus, may be a clinically useful tool for assessing NO bioavailability across the human lifespan."	( The role of nitric oxide in passive leg movement-induced vasodilatation with age: insight from alterations in femoral perfusion pressure. Bledsoe, A; Groot, HJ; Ives, SJ; Layec, G; Morgan, DE; Richardson, RS; Rossman, MJ; Trinity, JD, 2015)	0.42
"Pathways of oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability and L-arginine derivatives are hypothesized to be related to atrial fibrillation (AF)."	( ADMA, subclinical changes and atrial fibrillation in the general population. Appelbaum, S; Atzler, D; Bauer, C; Blankenberg, S; Böger, RH; Hoffmann, B; Lackner, KJ; Münzel, T; Ojeda, FM; Ramuschkat, M; Schnabel, RB; Schwedhelm, E; Sinning, CR; Wild, PS; Zeller, T, 2016)	0.43
"Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases that limits nitric oxide bioavailability and can increase production of NOS derived reactive oxidative species."	( Effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on heart failure development. Chen, A; Chen, Y; Fassett, JT; Hou, L; Liu, X; Xu, D; Xu, Y; Yang, L; Zhuang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" We conclude that arginine bioavailability is important in T2D pathophysiology."	( Changes in arginine are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study in the PREDIMED trial. Arós, F; Bullo, M; Clish, C; Cofán, M; Corella, D; Dennis, C; Estruch, R; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M; Hu, FB; Lapetra, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Razquin, C; Romaguera, D; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Serra-Majem, L; Sorlí, JV; Toledo, E; Wang, DD; Yu, E, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The dose-response curves showed that L-arginine significantly decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate."	( Evidence for normal nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator tone in conscious rats with cirrhosis. Cailmail, S; Hadengue, A; Lebrec, D; Moreau, R; Oberti, F; Ohsuga, M; Pussard, E; Sogni, P, 1992)	0.28
" The blood pressure remained elevated after the dose-response curve to D-arginine and, in order to determine whether D-arginine-treated rats are sensitive to the effects of other vasodilators and whether differences in vasoactive actions exist for vasodilators acting other than via nitric oxide synthesis, a dose-response curve to the calcium channel antagonist verapamil was constructed."	( Actions of L- and D-arginine and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on the blood pressure of pithed normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1992)	0.28
" Dose-response analysis indicated that L-NNA was 87 and 230 times more potent than L-NMA and L-NAA, respectively."	( Comparison of the inhibitory potencies of N(G)-methyl-, N(G)-nitro- and N(G)-amino-L-arginine on EDRF function in the rat: evidence for continuous basal EDRF release. Chaudhuri, G; Cuevas, JM; Ignarro, LJ; Vargas, HM, 1991)	0.28
" L-NNA induced greater contractions to phenylephrine than L-NMA whereas AG had no effect on dose-response curves to this alpha 1-agonist in rat aorta with endothelium."	( Effects of NG-methyl-L-arginine, NG-nitro-L-arginine, and aminoguanidine on constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat aorta. Ayres, M; Chelly, F; Joly, GA; Kilbourn, RG, 1994)	0.29
" This variability may be attributable to differences in dosing regimens and models of septic shock."	( Use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a novel treatment for septic shock. Dasta, JF; Wolfe, TA, 1995)	0.29
"NO appears to play a role in septic shock; however, the use of NOS inhibitors to treat septic shock requires further studies to determine an appropriate dosing regimen and to determine the effects of these agents on morbidity and mortality."	( Use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as a novel treatment for septic shock. Dasta, JF; Wolfe, TA, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response curves were constructed before and during intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (2 mg/min, n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6)."	( Endothelial release of nitric oxide contributes to the vasodilator effect of adenosine in humans. Banitt, P; Creager, MA; Lipson, DE; Rongen, GA; Smits, P; Williams, SB, 1995)	0.29
" Neostigmine was injected either 20 or 60 minutes prior to beginning cumulative dosing with the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist."	( Subarachnoid neostigmine potentiation of alpha 2-adrenergic agonist analgesia. Dexmedetomidine versus Clonidine. Bouaziz, H; Eisenach, JC; Hewitt, C, )	0.13
" Results indicated that intra-DG administration of a NO generator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at moderate doses enhanced retention performance in a dose-response fashion in rats."	( Role of hippocampal nitric oxide in memory retention in rats. Huang, AM; Lee, EH, 1995)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for serotonin-induced vasodilatation, an index of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation, showed a comparable and significant rightward shift after a medication-free period of 2 and 6 weeks compared with control subjects, indicating endothelial dysfunction, which was already maximum after 2 weeks."	( Vascular function in the forearm of hypercholesterolaemic patients off and on lipid-lowering medication. de Bruin, TW; Koomans, HA; Rabelink, TJ; Stroes, ES, 1995)	0.29
"The dose-response relationship of steady-state nitric oxide (NO) administration on renal vascular resistance in isolated rat kidneys (IPRK) perfused at constant pressure was investigated after inhibition of NO synthesis with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)."	( Nitric oxide dose-response study in the isolated perfused rat kidney after inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis: the role of serum albumin. Castelli, I; Drop, LJ; Kaufmann, MA; Pargger, H, 1995)	0.29
" These two phenomena followed a similar time course and shared a parallel dose-response sensitivity to hrIL-1 beta."	( Nitric oxide and energy production in articular chondrocytes. Evans, CH; Georgescu, HI; Stadler, J; Stefanovic-Racic, M, 1994)	0.29
"Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor,N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10-300 mg/kg) and L-NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA, 30-300 mg/kg) suppressed the swellings of adjuvant-injected paw of rats (25-54%) at day 2 and 8 when dosed intraperitoneally and orally for 4 days from day -1 to day 2 after adjuvant."	( Nitric oxide and superoxide radical are involved in both initiation and development of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Oyanagui, Y, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves for these NO synthase inhibitors showed that L-NAME was more potent than L-NMMA in increasing IBAT blood flow."	( Possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in modulating regional blood flow to brown adipose tissue of rats. Irie, K; Muraki, T; Nomoto, T; Tsukahara, F; Uchida, Y, 1994)	0.29
" The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-monomethyl-L-arginine (30 microM) shifted the dose-response curve for NECA to the right in all groups suggesting that the vascular response to NECA is partially mediated through the release of NO."	( Influence of aortic baroreceptor denervation on adenosine receptor-mediated relaxation of isolated rat aorta. Abdel-Rahman, AA; el-Mas, MM; Fahim, M; Mustafa, SJ, 1994)	0.29
" Vascular responsiveness was assessed in vitro by obtaining cumulative dose-response curves to contractile agonists [phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), and KCl]."	( Nitric oxide does not mediate the attenuated pulmonary vascular reactivity of chronic pneumonia. McCormack, DG; Paterson, NA; Yaghi, A, 1993)	0.29
" The potentiating action of L-NNA on noradrenaline-induced contractions could also be observed in the presence of yohimbine or rauwolscine, although dose-response curves were shifted to the right."	( Involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors in the endothelium-dependent depression of noradrenaline-induced contraction in rat aorta. Kaneko, K; Sunano, S, 1993)	0.29
" KCl, phenylephrine (PHE) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) dose-response curves (DR) were obtained at a preload of 500 mg which allowed the maximum response in control rings."	( In vitro femoral arterial responses to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in endotoxin shock. Baker, CH; Price, JM; Sutton, ET; Zhou, Z, 1994)	0.29
" The norepinephrine dosage was continuously and individually adjusted to achieve the same increase in blood pressure as was observed in a matched sheep of the L-NMMA group."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibition versus norepinephrine for the treatment of hyperdynamic sepsis in sheep. Booke, M; Hinder, F; McGuire, R; Traber, DL; Traber, LD, 1996)	0.29
" In the controls the phenylephrine dose-response relationship remained unaffected by simultaneous administration of L-NMMA."	( Indirect evidence for stimulation of nitric oxide release by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in human veins in vivo. Haefeli, WE; Linder, L; Simper, D; Strobel, WM, 1995)	0.29
" A dose-response curve to norepinephrine was constructed before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after endotoxin."	( Local venous responses to endotoxin in humans. Bhagat, K; Collier, J; Vallance, P, 1996)	0.29
" At the dose given, neither L-ARG nor placebo had any effect on forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to ACh (area under the dose-response curve, before vs."	( Effects of in vivo and in vitro L-arginine supplementation on healthy human vessels. Alexander, CT; Arnold, PJ; Chin-Dusting, JP; Hodgson, WC; Jennings, GL; Lux, AS, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response relationships were analyzed by probit dose-response methods and protective ratios for each compound were computed."	( The effects of EDRF/NO releasers or calcium ionophore A23187 on cyanide toxicity in mice. Baskin, SI; Lempka, JC; Nealley, EW, 1996)	0.29
" In addition, AmB markedly augmented macrophage NO production induced by IFN-gamma with a dose-response curve similar to that seen with its effect on the anticryptococcal activity."	( Anticryptococcal effect of amphotericin B is mediated through macrophage production of nitric oxide. Kawakami, K; Saito, A; Tohyama, M, 1996)	0.29
" The efficacy of nitric oxide blockade was tested by comparing the dose-response relationship to the endothelium-dependent agonist, acetylcholine (3, 10, and 30 mg/min), before and after intra-arterial infusion of up to 2,000 mg/min of L-NMMA."	( Postischemic vasodilation in human forearm is dependent on endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Anderson, TJ; Creager, MA; Currie, KE; Ganz, P; Meredith, IT; Roddy, MA, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response curves were performed with acetylcholine, substance P, and sodium nitroprusside before and after NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)."	( Coronary vascular nitric oxide activity in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Comparison of acetylcholine and substance P. Andrews, NP; Cannon, RO; Husain, S; Mulcahy, D; Panza, JA; Quyyumi, AA, 1997)	0.3
" Significant increase in the number of apoptotic nuclei and DNA fragmentation was observed upon IL-1beta treatment, with a dose-response curve that mirrored that for the decline in actin-positive cells."	( Regulation of lung fibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, contractile phenotype, and apoptosis by IL-1beta. Gharaee-Kermani, M; Phan, SH; Zhang, HY, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response determinations were made for each drug before and after an intra-arterial infusion of the reduced thiol, N-acetylcysteine, at rates estimated to achieve a physiological concentration of 1 mmol/L."	( N-acetylcysteine does not influence the activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in vivo. Boles, K; Creager, MA; Roddy, MA; Stamler, JS, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response curves to phenylephrine (PE) 10(-9) to 5 x 10(-6) M) were examined in PA rings as well as response to L-arginine analogues in isolated lungs from CH or normoxic (N) rats after various incubation times."	( Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in pulmonary arteries from normoxic and chronically hypoxic rats. Adnot, S; Carville, C; Eddahibi, S; Raffestin, B; Rideau, D; Teiger, E, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response curves for the three drugs on the inhibition of nitrite accumulation in macrophage cultures were obtained."	( Evidence that nitric oxide inhibits steroidogenesis in cultured rat granulosa cells. Dave, S; Farrance, DP; Whitehead, SA, 1997)	0.3
" L-NMMA coinfusion inhibited responses (area under the dose-response curve) to isoproterenol (0."	( Effects of inhibition of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway on vasodilation caused by beta-adrenergic agonists in human forearm. Chowienczyk, PJ; Dawes, M; Ritter, JM, 1997)	0.3
" L-NMMA at the same dosage decreased the increase in forearm blood flow induced by substance P, but the magnitude of the inhibitory effect of L-NMMA on blood-flow responses to substance P was significantly smaller in the forearm than in coronary vessels."	( Role of nitric oxide in substance P-induced vasodilation differs between the coronary and forearm circulation in humans. Egashira, K; Hirooka, Y; Kuga, T; Mohri, M; Shimokawa, H; Tagawa, H; Tagawa, T; Takeshita, A, 1997)	0.3
" The norepinephrine dosage was adjusted to achieve the same increase in mean arterial pressure as that obtained by a fixed dose of L-NMMA (7 mg/kg/h)."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibition versus norepinephrine in ovine sepsis: effects on regional blood flow. Booke, M; Hinder, F; McGuire, R; Traber, DL; Traber, LD, 1996)	0.29
" Finally, to rule out the possibility that the conteracting effect of L-NMMA may not be specifically related to insulin action, dose-response curves to phenylephrine (0."	( Insulin modulation of an endothelial nitric oxide component present in the alpha2- and beta-adrenergic responses in human forearm. Barbato, E; Fontana, D; Iaccarino, G; Izzo, R; Lembo, G; Trimarco, B; Vecchione, C, 1997)	0.3
"05, respectively, comparing areas under the dose-response curve)."	( Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans reduces cerebral blood flow but not the hyperemic response to hypercapnia. Deane, C; Markus, HS; Vallance, P; White, RP, 1998)	0.3
" The mean slope of the L-NMMA dose-response curves in the elderly was significantly less than the younger group (-35."	( Impaired nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation and total body nitric oxide production in healthy old age. Benjamin, N; Lyons, D; Patel, M; Roy, S; Swift, CG, 1997)	0.3
" Pressor dose-response curves to noradrenaline (0."	( Platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist attenuates endotoxin-induced vascular hyporeactivity in the pithed rat. Goto, F; Imai, T; Morita, T; Saito, S; Shiga, T; Yoshikawa, D, 1998)	0.3
" NMDA shifted the dose-response curve of AA to the right."	( Further insights into the anti-aggregating activity of NMDA in human platelets. Alberti, L; De Montis, MG; Franconi, F; Miceli, M; Seghieri, G; Tagliamonte, A, 1998)	0.3
" There was no basal flow of saliva and dose-response curves were obtained by sequential intravenous injection of increasing doses of the drugs."	( Role of nitric oxide in salivary secretion. Diaz, S; Elverdin, JC; Lomniczi, A; Mastronardi, CA; McCann, SM; Rettori, V; Suburo, AM, )	0.13
" The 5 dosing regimens were administered sequentially to separate groups of patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-methylarginine hydrochloride in patients with septic shock. Glaxo Wellcome International Septic Shock Study Group. Beerahee, M; Colice, G; Donaldson, J; Grover, R; Guntupalli, K; Hussein, Z; Jeffs, R; Jordan, B; Vincent, JL; Watson, D; Zaccardelli, D, 1999)	0.3
"5 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts combined but decreased to 283, 181, and 98 mL/h/kg for the 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/h dosing cohorts, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-methylarginine hydrochloride in patients with septic shock. Glaxo Wellcome International Septic Shock Study Group. Beerahee, M; Colice, G; Donaldson, J; Grover, R; Guntupalli, K; Hussein, Z; Jeffs, R; Jordan, B; Vincent, JL; Watson, D; Zaccardelli, D, 1999)	0.3
" The highest dosage of L-NMMA (10 micromol/min) reduced the average maximal twitch force to 15 percent and the isometric tetanic contractile forces to between 10 to 23 percent."	( Effect of a NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, on the contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle. Chen, LE; Frankel, ES; Joneschild, ES; Seaber, AV; Urbaniak, JR, 1999)	0.3
" In the presence of 5 mM L-NAME (a concentration that did not influence basal insulin release) the insulin response was markedly increased along the whole dose-response curve and the threshold for carbachol stimulation was significantly lowered."	( Influence of nitric oxide modulators on cholinergically stimulated hormone release from mouse islets. Aring;kesson, B; Lundquist, I, 1999)	0.3
"Using the dorsal hand vein technique, full dose-response curves to bradykinin (0."	( Role of nitric oxide in isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation in human hand veins. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Hoffman, BB; Moreno, H; Tejura, B; Urae, A, 1999)	0.3
" Dose-response curves were constructed before and during enalaprilat coinfusion (1 microg/min for 40 minutes)."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves venous endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Hoffman, BB; Moreno, H, 1999)	0.3
" ACE inhibition shifted the bradykinin dose-response curve to the left in both groups (P < ."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves venous endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers. Blaschke, TF; Chalon, S; Hoffman, BB; Moreno, H, 1999)	0.3
" Portal vein rings in BDL rats showed increased maximal tension in response to ET-1, as well as a shift of the dose-response curve to the left as compared with sham-operated animals."	( Endothelin-1 modulates intrahepatic resistance in a rat model of noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Edwards, BS; Kamath, PS; Miller, VM; Rorie, DK; Tyce, GM, 1999)	0.3
" The vasoconstrictive effect of NE was increased in DP (slope log dose-response curve, 31."	( Elevated skeletal muscle blood flow in noncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus: role of nitric oxide and sympathetic tone. Berden, JH; Lutterman, JA; Smits, P; van Doorn, LG; Vervoort, G; Wetzels, JF, 1999)	0.3
" The NA dosage was continuously and individually adjusted to achieve the same increase in blood pressure as observed in matched sheep of the L-NMMA group (non-septic phase)."	( Noradrenaline and nomega-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA): effects on haemodynamics and regional blood flow in healthy and septic sheep. Booke, M; Hinder, F; McGuire, R; Traber, DL; Traber, LD, 2000)	0.31
" Force of contraction was measured during dose-response testing of combinations of L-arginine and amrinone, milrinone, zaprinast, or sildenafil."	( Interaction of L-arginine and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in vasodilation of the porcine internal mammary artery. Tom, WL; Wallace, AW, 2000)	0.31
" In these cells at low dosage (from 1 to 6 microg/ml of medium) ET-18-OCH(3) stimulates maturation and protective responses, whereas at increasing dosages (from 8 to 20 microg/ml) it shows cytotoxic effects."	( ET-18-OCH(3)-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in rat astrocytes. Cardile, V; Palumbo, M; Renis, M; Russo, A, 2000)	0.31
" In studies in mesenteric artery rings suspended in myographs, we observed a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for ET-1 after selective blockade of ET(B) receptors with BQ-788 in 3- but not 35-day-old swine."	( Endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction in postischemic newborn intestine. Miller, CE; Nankervis, CA; Schauer, GM, 2000)	0.31
"5 g resting tensions, NOS inhibitors shifted the ACh dose-response curve to the right."	( Mechanical stretch reveals different components of endothelial-mediated vascular tone in rat aortic strips. Bani, D; Ciuffi, M; Failli, P; Franchi-Micheli, S; Mazzetti, L; Zilletti, L, 2000)	0.31
"In control subjects, tetrahydrobiopterin had no effect on the dose-response curves to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide activity in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Albers, S; Heitzer, T; Krohn, K; Meinertz, T, 2000)	0.31
" Our data indicate that this cycle is crucial in the breakdown of NO and substantially determines the dose-response curve of the NO effects on coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility."	( Myoglobin: A scavenger of bioactive NO. Decking, UK; Flögel, U; Godecke, A; Merx, MW; Schrader, J, 2001)	0.31
" Relaxation dose-response curves were generated with six doses of Ach (3 x 10(-8) to 10(-5) M)."	( Sepsis increases NOS-2 activity and decreases non-NOS-mediated acetylcholine-induced dilation in rat aorta. Beach, PK; Garrison, RN; Harris, PD; Kawabe, T; Spain, DA, 2001)	0.31
" Using an ex vivo model of coronary perfusion in rabbits, we found a dose-response relationship between VEGF and the efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer."	( Phosphodiesterase inhibitor-mediated potentiation of adenovirus delivery to myocardium. Donahue, JK; Lawrence, JH; Marbán, E; Nagata, K, 2001)	0.31
" Vasodilator response to bradykinin, expressed as the within-subject mean difference in the area under the dose-response curve between phases, was significantly increased at midcycle compared with that in the early menstrual phase (486."	( Changes in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and alpha-adrenergic responses in resistance vessels during the menstrual cycle in healthy women. Chan, NN; Colhoun, HM; Hingorani, AD; MacAllister, RJ; Vallance, P, 2001)	0.31
" A dose-response study indicated that this dose of L-NMMA significantly blocked NO synthesis."	( Nitric oxide dependence of renal blood flow in patients with renal artery stenosis. Engelshoven, JMAV; Houben, AJHM; Koster, D; Kroon, AA; Leeuw, PW; Wierema, TKA; Zander, KV, 2001)	0.31
" The effects of Ang(1-7) were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by the ratios of individually derived areas under the dose-response curves (AUC) of bradykinin, adjusted for changes in the AUCs by repeated infusions of bradykinin with placebo."	( Angiotensin(1-7) potentiates bradykinin-induced vasodilatation in man. Brosnihan, KB; Ishii, M; Masumori-Maemoto, S; Ueda, S; Umemura, S; Wada, A, 2001)	0.31
"This study investigated the dosage effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC)-induced vasodilation in uncompressed upstream muscle and the effects of IPC on endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression in upstream muscle."	( Role of nitric oxide in vasodilation in upstream muscle during intermittent pneumatic compression. Chen, LE; Joneschild, E; Liu, K; Qi, WN; Seaber, AV; Stamler, JS; Tan, X; Urbaniak, JR, 2002)	0.31
" The dose-response curves to ACh were similar in patients and controls, with maximum values of 19."	( Effects of chronic sympathectomy on vascular function in the human forearm. Atkinson, JL; Charkoudian, N; Clark, ES; Dietz, NM; Dinenno, FA; Eisenach, JH; Fealey, RD; Joyner, MJ, 2002)	0.31
" Dose-response curves were compared by analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) using independent samples t test."	( Ageing is associated with impairment of nitric oxide and prostanoid dilator pathways in the human forearm. MacAllister, RJ; Prasad, S; Singer, DR; Singh, N, 2002)	0.31
"The vasodilator response to bradykinin, expressed as the within-subject mean difference in area under the dose-response curve between study 2 and study 1, was significantly diminished (-744."	( The effects of hormone replacement therapy on endothelial function in women with Turner's syndrome. Chan, NN; Colhoun, HM; Conway, GS; Hingorani, AD; MacAllister, RJ; Vallance, P, 2002)	0.31
" Nevertheless, the cytotoxic effect of miltefosine against intracellular amastigotes was independent of the amount of NO produced by the infected macrophages since the same dose-response curves for miltefosine were observed when the NO production was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate."	( Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Bozza, MT; Freire-De-Lima, CG; Gibaldi, D; Heise, N; Mendonça-Previato, L; Previato, JO; Saraiva, VB, 2002)	0.31
" unstimulated conditions), the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NIO (L-N(5)-(1-iminoethyl) ornithine, 10(-5) and 10(-4) M), caused a marked vasoconstriction (20%), indicating a basal nitrergic vasodilator tone, while the dose-response curve of the NO donor SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) showed a dose-dependent vasodilator effect."	( Control of cardiovascular function in the icefish Chionodraco hamatus: involvement of serotonin and nitric oxide. Acierno, R; Pellegrino, D; Tota, B, 2003)	0.32
" Dose-response studies were obtained during intra-arterial infusion of serotonin to elicit endothelium-dependent, NO-specific vasodilation and during sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion to elicit endothelium-independent vasodilation."	( Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral glucose challenge in healthy subjects. Dominguez, H; Hermann, T; Ihlemann, N; Køber, L; Perner, A; Rask-Madsen, C; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2003)	0.32
" The present study was performed to evaluate the dose-response relation of L-NMMA to improve the design and interpretation of studies in migraine sufferers and other diseases."	( A dose-response study of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in different vascular beds in man. Hjorth Lassen, L; Klingenberg Iversen, H; Olesen, J, 2003)	0.32
" On each study day, 3 acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) dose-response studies were performed by infusion into the brachial artery."	( Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits insulin's stimulating effect on glucose uptake and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Domínguez, H; Hermann, T; Ihlemann, N; Køber, L; Rask-Madsen, C; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2003)	0.32
" The slope of the angiotensin II dose-response curve correlated significantly with the basal plasma palmitate concentration."	( Vascular response to angiotensin II in upper body obesity. Halliwill, JR; Jensen, MD; Joyner, MJ; Nielsen, S, 2004)	0.32
" Caffeine alone did not change RBF, but shifted the dose-response curve of adenosine to the right during concomitant infusion of caffeine."	( Mechanisms of adenosine-induced renal vasodilatation in hypertensive patients. de Leeuw, PW; Houben, AJ; Koster, D; Kroon, AA; Postma, CT; Smits, P; van Engelshoven, JM; Wierema, TK, 2005)	0.33
" MCh produced a sigmoid-shape dose-response curve and 50% of the maximal attainable response (0."	( Role of nitric oxide in methacholine-induced sweating and vasodilation in human skin. Lee, K; Mack, GW, 2006)	0.33
"NOS inhibitors combined with cathecholamines were thus suggested to be able to reduce the cathecolamine dosage in patients suffering from septic shock; They are thus considered to be hemodynamically effective agents."	( Reinforcement therapy using nitric oxide synthase inhibitors against endotoxin shock in dogs. Deguchi, Y; Fukuda, M; Imamura, Y; Miyoshi, N; Nakagawa, T; Soga, Y; Suga, H; Suzuki, T, 2006)	0.33
" Infusion of the NO synthase blocker L-NMMA (100 microM) caused a rightward shift of the dose-response curve of vardenafil."	( Vardenafil increases coronary flow response to hypercapnic acidosis in isolated guinea pig heart. Brand, M; Deussen, A, 2007)	0.34
" We applied hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with higher insulin dosing in obese subjects than lean subjects (30 vs."	( Hyperinsulinemia fails to augment ET-1 action in the skeletal muscle vascular bed in vivo in humans. Baron, AD; Considine, RV; Fulford, AD; Gelfand, I; Lteif, AA; Mather, KJ, 2008)	0.35
" In DHV, L-NMMA had variable effects on the dexmedetomidine-constriction dose-response curve."	( Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction in healthy human volunteers. Huiku, M; Kentala, E; Posti, J; Scheinin, M; Snapir, A; Talke, P, 2009)	0.35
" Using a bivascular liver perfusion dose-response curves to adenosine of the HA were performed in the presence and the absence of pan-adenosine blocker (8-SPT), A1 blocker (caffeine) or nitric oxide synthase-blocker (l-NMMA) after preconstriction with an alpha1-agonist (methoxamine)."	( A distinct nitric oxide and adenosine A1 receptor dependent hepatic artery vasodilatatory response in the CCl-cirrhotic liver. Groszmann, RJ; Mehal, WZ; Ripoll, C; Zipprich, A, 2010)	0.36
" Ten healthy male participants received in phenylephrine (PE)-preconstricted veins a dose-response curve (DRC) to L-NMMA (0."	( Characterization of local vascular effects of the nitric oxide inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on dorsal hand veins. Kirch, W; Leuschner, S; Schindler, C; Schwanebeck, U, 2012)	0.38
" In protocol 1 (n = 18), a dose-response curve to intrabrachial infusion of ATP was performed before and after both single and combined inhibition of NO synthase [N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)] and cyclooxygenase (ketorolac)."	( Mechanisms of ATP-mediated vasodilation in humans: modest role for nitric oxide and vasodilating prostaglandins. Crecelius, AR; Dinenno, FA; Garcia, LJ; Kirby, BS; Larson, DG; Luckasen, GJ; Richards, JC; Voyles, WF, 2011)	0.37
"Although dose-response curves are commonly used to describe in vivo cutaneous α-adrenergic responses, modeling parameters and analyses methods are not consistent across studies."	( Pharmacological curve fitting to analyze cutaneous adrenergic responses. Davis, SL; Stachenfeld, NS; Wenner, MM; Wilson, TE, 2011)	0.37
" Intracoronary salbutamol demonstrated significant dose-response ΔSLV and ΔCBF from baseline, respectively (0."	( Coronary β2-adrenoreceptors mediate endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in humans: novel insights from an in vivo intravascular ultrasound study. Beltrame, JF; Carbone, A; Copus, B; Leong, DP; Liew, GY; Nelson, AJ; Nicholls, SJ; Puri, R; Wong, DT; Worthley, MI; Worthley, SG, 2012)	0.38
" To further investigate the role of NO in renal sodium handling, we studied the effects of the NO synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), in a crossover dose-response study."	( Effect of nitric oxide inhibition on blood pressure and renal sodium handling: a dose-response study in healthy man. Bech, JN; Larsen, T; Mose, FH; Pedersen, EB, 2012)	0.38
"We recorded cardiopulmonary dynamics in supine syncope patients and healthy volunteers (aged 15-27 years) challenged with a dose-response using the α1-agonist phenylephrine (PE), with and without the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, monoacetate salt (L-NMMA)."	( Postsynaptic α1-Adrenergic Vasoconstriction Is Impaired in Young Patients With Vasovagal Syncope and Is Corrected by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition. Medow, MS; Merchant, S; Stewart, JM; Suggs, M; Sutton, R; Terilli, C; Visintainer, P, 2016)	0.43
" In a dose-response study, we measured the effect of tolvaptan on renal handling of water and sodium and systemic hemodynamics, during baseline and NO-inhibition with L-NMMA (L-NG-monomethyl-arginine)."	( Effect of tolvaptan on renal water and sodium excretion and blood pressure during nitric oxide inhibition: a dose-response study in healthy subjects. Al Therwani, S; Bech, JN; Mose, FH; Pedersen, EB; Rosenbæk, JB, 2017)	0.46

Class	Description
guanidines	Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.
amino acid zwitterion	The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
arginine derivative	An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of arginine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the guanidyl group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of arginine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing arginine residues.
guanidines	Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
L-arginine derivative	A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-arginine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the guanidyl group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-arginine by a heteroatom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	40.5334	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID624030
thioredoxin reductase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	1.4125	0.1000	20.8793	79.4328	AID588453
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.8489	0.0025	5.8400	31.6228	AID899
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	604.6000	0.0500	1.4929	2.0000	AID1799854
Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3000	0.0063	2.0734	22.3780	AID85322; AID85462
Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0018	0.0011	1.0069	10.0000	AID669683
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50 (µMol)	7.0000	1.2000	3.4000	7.0000	AID67978
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.9489	0.0720	2.5873	8.7000	AID218912; AID669682; AID67997; AID68131; AID68139; AID68143; AID698413; AID85322; AID85462
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.4000	0.0300	0.2150	0.4000	AID68156
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.3983	0.0350	2.7119	10.0000	AID146106; AID146108; AID146109; AID225704; AID669681; AID698414
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	503.9733	0.0150	1.1811	7.3000	AID146133; AID1799854
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	7.5000	0.0400	4.1638	9.3000	AID146265
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	503.8667	0.0500	1.5333	4.5500	AID1799854; AID730392
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	16.8500	0.0010	3.3911	9.6000	AID1236780; AID402999; AID630251; AID719267; AID92155; AID92156
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	15,460.4002	0.0002	2.3190	10.0000	AID340311; AID53921; AID53922; AID53933; AID669683; AID698411; AID91995; AID92000; AID92001; AID92007; AID92011
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.8600	0.6700	0.7650	0.8600	AID92143
Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.3000	0.0000	0.7675	10.0000	AID85322
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	4.3000	0.5000	2.4000	4.3000	AID146255
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
citrulline metabolic process	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeability	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic process	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine metabolic process	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to yeast	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemokine production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-8 production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of immune response	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chemotaxis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
pyroptosis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytosis	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glomerular filtration	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
anatomical structure morphogenesis	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood coagulation	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulation	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic cell homeostasis	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activity	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction maintenance	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sensory perception of pain	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule organization	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of renin secretion into blood stream	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrion organization	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
blood coagulation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of gene expression	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation from ovarian follicle	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodeling	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
aortic valve morphogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
pulmonary valve morphogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
endocardial cushion morphogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion organization	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet activation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle hyperplasia	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
removal of superoxide radicals	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fluid shear stress	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell migration	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cell	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular septum morphogenesis	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of biomineral tissue development	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
striated muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
myoblast fusion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to heat	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal response to stress	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hydrolase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptake	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response in mucosa	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
superoxide metabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular respiration	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cell redox homeostasis	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretion	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to type II interferon	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
endochondral ossification	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
growth plate cartilage development	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bone morphogenesis	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
catalytic activity	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dimethylargininase activity	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid binding	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine binding	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
thrombin-activated receptor activity	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein beta-subunit binding	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
metal ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
actin monomer binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cadmium ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium channel regulator activity	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cadmium ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-dependent protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
FMN binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
tetrahydrobiopterin binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
arginine binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytosol	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumen	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Neutrophil elastase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
late endosome	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense tubular network	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Proteinase-activated receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
caveola	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Bos taurus (cattle)
Golgi membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segment	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcoplasmic reticulum	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemma	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell periphery	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, brain	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisome	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxisomal matrix	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cortical cytoskeleton	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Collagenase 3	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID504238	Antimicrobial activity against PMA-treated human HL60 cells assessed as inhibition of ROS generation	2010	Journal of natural products, Sep-24, Volume: 73, Issue:9	Chemical constituents of the deep reef caribbean sponges Plakortis angulospiculatus and Plakortis halichondrioides and their anti-inflammatory activities.
AID402995	Cytotoxicity against mouse ddY macrophages assessed as cell viability at 30 um after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID1325467	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production at 10 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID412454	Activity at human DDAH1 by plate-reader assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 16, Issue:24	Structure-activity relationship of novel and known inhibitors of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1: alkenyl-amidines as new leads.
AID1250691	Antiinflammatory activity in human BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production at 20 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay (Rvb = 20.3 +/- 0.1 uM)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Isolation of two new bioactive sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from the roots of Ixeris dentata.
AID1765508	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	2021	Journal of natural products, 07-23, Volume: 84, Issue:7	Epigenetic Manipulation to Trigger Production of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived
AID135404	Inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated mouse peritoneal macrophages at 10 uM	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-20, Volume: 11, Issue:16	Absolute stereostructures of novel norcadinane- and trinoreudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Alpinia oxyphylla.
AID402991	Cytotoxicity against mouse ddY macrophages assessed as cell viability at 3 um after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID402997	Cytotoxicity against mouse ddY macrophages assessed as cell viability at 100 um after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID358994	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages assessed as nitrate accumulation after 20 hrs by Griess reagent method	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
AID1495462	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 28, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of homoisoflavonoids as potent inhibitors of nitric oxide production in RAW-264.7 cells.
AID402990	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages at 3 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID358992	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages assessed as nitrate accumulation at 30 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent method relative to control	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
AID355826	Inhibition of NOS	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID1236780	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS activity incubated for 30 mins prior to LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bivalent benzoxazolone and benzothiazolone ligands as potential anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents.
AID1268772	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production compound pretreated for 1 hr followed by addition of 100 ng/ml LPS for 24 hrs by griess method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Syntheses and anti-inflammatory activity of azamollugin derivatives.
AID1287406	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 1 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1230355	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO release in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reaction	2015	Journal of natural products, Jun-26, Volume: 78, Issue:6	Cafestol-Type Diterpenoids from the Twigs of Tricalysia fruticosa with Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity.
AID1378647	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS-stimulation measured after 20 hrs by Griess assay	2017	Journal of natural products, 08-25, Volume: 80, Issue:8	Anti-inflammatory Meroterpenoids from Baeckea frutescens.
AID135405	Inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated mouse peritoneal macrophages at 100 uM	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-20, Volume: 11, Issue:16	Absolute stereostructures of novel norcadinane- and trinoreudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Alpinia oxyphylla.
AID386442	Activity at human DDAH1 C275A mutant	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID1227875	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse BV2 cells treated for 30 mins prior to LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus.
AID402042	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse J774.1 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reagent assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 68, Issue:6	Neoflavonoids and related constituents from Nepalese propolis and their nitric oxide production inhibitory activity.
AID376354	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide synthesis in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages at 0.1 uM pretreated 18 hrs before arginine challenge assessed after 18 hrs by ELISA relative to LPS-treated control	1999	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 62, Issue:10	A new bisabolene epoxide from Tussilago farfara, and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages.
AID146255	Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in mice	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	4,5-Disubstituted-1,3-oxazolidin-2-imine derivatives: a new class of orally bioavailable nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.
AID173565	Dose required for half maximal increase in mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg after 15 min in anaesthetised rats, as a measure of eNOS activity	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID402996	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages at 100 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID227633	In vivo inhibition of iNOS is determined from the inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite production measured in rat blood plasma at 800 umol/kg for 15 min	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID402988	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages at 1 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID1177614	Antineuroinflammatory activity against human BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production treated with compound 30 mins and challenged with LPS for 24 hrs	2014	Journal of natural products, Aug-22, Volume: 77, Issue:8	Phenolic Glycosides from the Twigs of Salix glandulosa.
AID1250693	Cytotoxic activity against human BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 100%)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Isolation of two new bioactive sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from the roots of Ixeris dentata.
AID140450	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages at a concentration of 1 uM	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID1269182	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as viable cells at 20 uM by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Isolation of bioactive biphenyl compounds from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis.
AID358993	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages assessed as nitrate accumulation at 100 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent method relative to control	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
AID233654	Selectivity ratio of Inhibition of (hiNOS) vs (heNOS).	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26	Synthesis and evaluation of two positron-labeled nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, S-[11C]methylisothiourea and S-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)isothiourea, as potential positron emission tomography tracers.
AID135541	Inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated mouse peritoneal macrophages at 3 uM	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-20, Volume: 11, Issue:16	Absolute stereostructures of novel norcadinane- and trinoreudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Alpinia oxyphylla.
AID454546	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Neolignans from Piper kadsura and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity.
AID1315352	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 4 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Biginkgosides A-I, Unexpected Minor Dimeric Flavonol Diglycosidic Truxinate and Truxillate Esters from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Their Antineuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities.
AID67989	Selectivity index which is the ratio of the Ki or IC50 values of recombinant bovine eNOS (Endothelial nitric oxide synthase) / recombinant murine iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 42, Issue:16	N(omega)-Nitroarginine-containing dipeptide amides. Potent and highly selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID504239	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells up to 25 uM	2010	Journal of natural products, Sep-24, Volume: 73, Issue:9	Chemical constituents of the deep reef caribbean sponges Plakortis angulospiculatus and Plakortis halichondrioides and their anti-inflammatory activities.
AID132831	Inhibitory concentration on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-20, Volume: 11, Issue:16	Absolute stereostructures of novel norcadinane- and trinoreudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Alpinia oxyphylla.
AID650850	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 30 mins measured 24 hrs post LPS challenge by Griess method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Optimization of the aromatase inhibitory activities of pyridylthiazole analogues of resveratrol.
AID181503	Inhibition of conversion of [3H]L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by neuronal NOS (n NOS) from rat cerebellum	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	3,4-Dihydro-1-isoquinolinamines: a novel class of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with a range of isoform selectivity and potency.
AID1774074	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV-2 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay	2021	Journal of natural products, 10-22, Volume: 84, Issue:10	Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus
AID232681	Selectivity ratio of IC50 of heNOS to hiNOS.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 41, Issue:19	2-Iminopyrrolidines as potent and selective inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AID68156	Inhibitory activity against human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoenzyme.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-16, Volume: 41, Issue:15	N-Phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity.
AID1866678	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV-2 cells assessed as cell viability at 25 uM by MTT assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Procyanidins and Phlobatannins from the Twigs of
AID402994	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages at 30 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID1612659	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell survival after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Chemistry-oriented synthesis (ChOS) and target deconvolution on neuroprotective effect of a novel scaffold, oxaza spiroquinone.
AID92147	Selectivity ratio as IC50(i-NOS)/IC50 (n-NOS)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Dihydroquinolines with amine-containing side chains as potent n-NOS inhibitors.
AID1295872	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Diterpenes from the Trunk of Abies holophylla and Their Potential Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities.
AID642343	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Optimizing thiadiazole analogues of resveratrol versus three chemopreventive targets.
AID1765509	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV-2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2021	Journal of natural products, 07-23, Volume: 84, Issue:7	Epigenetic Manipulation to Trigger Production of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived
AID386447	Ratio of Kcat to Km for human recombinant wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID386449	Ratio of Kcat to Km for rat wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID175667	Effective concentration for reversal of ACh-induced relaxation in rat thoracic aorta	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID402998	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID669682	Inhibition of human recombinant eNOS assessed as conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins measured after 45 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-08, Volume: 3, Issue:3	NOpiates: Novel Dual Action Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors with μ-Opioid Agonist Activity.
AID376352	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide synthesis in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages at 0.1 uM after 18 hrs of LPS challenge measured after 18 hrs by ELISA relative to LPS-treated control	1999	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 62, Issue:10	A new bisabolene epoxide from Tussilago farfara, and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages.
AID717567	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay relative to LPS-treated cells	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
AID1515003	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 29, Issue:2	Synthesis and anti-neuroinflammatory activity of N-heterocyclic analogs based on natural biphenyl-neolignan honokiol.
AID234085	Selectivity for inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthases to that of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthases	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-04, Volume: 10, Issue:17	Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
AID147239	Compound was tested for the inhibition of inducible murine macrophage nitric oxide(NO) synthase, activity expressed as inhibitory constant	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6	NG-allyl- and NG-cyclopropyl-L-arginine: two novel inhibitors of macrophage nitric oxide synthase.
AID146108	Inhibition of cloned (from RNA) human Neuronal nitric oxide synthase	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 41, Issue:19	2-Iminopyrrolidines as potent and selective inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AID1235120	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production preincubated for 4 hrs followed by LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Jul-24, Volume: 78, Issue:7	ent-Abietane-Type and Related Seco-/Nor-diterpenoids from the Rare Chloranthaceae Plant Chloranthus sessilifolius and Their Antineuroinflammatory Activities.
AID146133	Inhibitory activity against human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) isoenzyme.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-16, Volume: 41, Issue:15	N-Phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity.
AID140454	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages at a concentration of 30 uM	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID402999	Inhibition of iNOS in ddY mouse peritoneal exudate cells after 20 hrs	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID386441	Activity at human recombinant wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID1325470	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation rate at 1 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID319544	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS induced mouse J774.1 cells	2008	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 71, Issue:1	Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of flavonoids contained in trunk exudates of Dalbergia sissoo.
AID1683067	Anti-inflammatory activity in murine RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 31	A new sesquineolignan and four new neolignans isolated from the leaves of Piper betle, a traditional medicinal plant in Myanmar.
AID1315353	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM incubated for 4 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 79, Issue:5	Biginkgosides A-I, Unexpected Minor Dimeric Flavonol Diglycosidic Truxinate and Truxillate Esters from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Their Antineuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activities.
AID1446622	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Anti-Neurodegenerative Biflavonoid Glycosides from Impatiens balsamina.
AID1287408	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1364712	Anti-inflammatory in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pre-incubated before LPS challenge for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Bioactive Triterpenoids from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis.
AID1325472	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation rate at 50 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID1663476	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay relative to control	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Antineurodegenerative Labdane Diterpenoid Glycosides from the Twigs of
AID630251	Inhibition of iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells pretreated 15 mins before LPS challenge measured after 20 hrs relative to control	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 19, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of callophycin A and analogues as potential chemopreventive and anticancer agents.
AID1250690	Antiinflammatory activity in human BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production at 5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay (Rvb = 20.3 +/- 0.1 uM)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Isolation of two new bioactive sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from the roots of Ixeris dentata.
AID376638	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as nitrite accumulation after 20 hrs	2006	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4	Prenylated flavonoids from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.
AID1356584	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 08-24, Volume: 81, Issue:8	Structural Characterization of Terpenoids from Abies holophylla Using Computational and Statistical Methods and Their Biological Activities.
AID53929	Concentration required to inhibit nitric oxide synthesis in DLD-1 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID698412	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human eNOS to IC50 for human nNOS	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID218912	Inhibition of human endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-20, Volume: 10, Issue:6	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.
AID1325475	Effect on LPS-induced iNOS expression in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 10 uM after 18 hrs by Western blot method relative to LPS	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID698413	Inhibition of human eNOS expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as reduction in conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins by radiometric method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID1328324	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in human BV2 cells preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS-stimulation measured after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Polyprenylated Tetraoxygenated Xanthones from the Roots of Hypericum monogynum and Their Neuroprotective Activities.
AID527196	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774.1 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production	2010	Journal of natural products, Oct-22, Volume: 73, Issue:10	Eucophylline, a Tetracyclic Vinylquinoline Alkaloid from Leuconotis eugenifolius.
AID1501256	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pretreated for 30 mins followed by LPS-stimulation after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2017	Journal of natural products, 09-22, Volume: 80, Issue:9	Iridoid Glycosides from the Twigs of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana and Their Biological Activities.
AID1287404	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 1 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1228331	Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of nitric oxide production preincubated for 30 mins followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Lignan Glycosides from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis and Their Biological Activities.
AID636730	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Bioactive lignans from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus.
AID234083	Selectivity for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthases to that of inhibition of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthases	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-04, Volume: 10, Issue:17	Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
AID53922	Ability to inhibit the conversion of [3H]L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by i-NOS from human DLD-1 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID67978	Inhibitory activity of conversion of radiolabeled arginine to citrulline by isomeric form of nitric oxide synthase Endothelial nitric oxide synthase from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID376640	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for mouse RAW264.7 cells to IC50 for nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells	2006	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4	Prenylated flavonoids from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.
AID91995	Inhibition of human inducible nitric oxide synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-20, Volume: 10, Issue:6	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.
AID1774073	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV-2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 48 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2021	Journal of natural products, 10-22, Volume: 84, Issue:10	Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus
AID1228332	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay relative to control	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Lignan Glycosides from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis and Their Biological Activities.
AID402989	Cytotoxicity against mouse ddY macrophages assessed as cell viability at 1 um after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID698414	Inhibition of human nNOS expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as reduction in conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins by radiometric method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID340311	Inhibition of iNOS	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Identification of a potent, selective, and orally active leukotriene a4 hydrolase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
AID730388	Selectivity ratio of Ki for mouse iNOS to Ki for rat nNOS	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 56, Issue:8	Target- and mechanism-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: strength in numbers.
AID1291761	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Bioactive lignan constituents from the twigs of Sambucus williamsii.
AID402992	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages at 10 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID590215	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 20 hrs by Griess reaction	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 21, Issue:7	Syntheses of 1,2,3-triazolyl salicylamides with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.
AID762026	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 30 mins prior to LPS-challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Pharbinilic acid, an allogibberic acid from morning glory (Pharbitis nil).
AID68139	Inhibitory concentration against recombinant human Endothelial nitric oxide synthase	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Dihydroquinolines with amine-containing side chains as potent n-NOS inhibitors.
AID1287405	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 10 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID1439822	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production by Griess assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Sesquiterpene derivatives from marine sponge Smenospongia cerebriformis and their anti-inflammatory activity.
AID771578	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production incubated for 15 mins prior to LPS challenge measured after 20 hrs by Griess assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Sep-27, Volume: 76, Issue:9	Vermelhotin, an anti-inflammatory agent, suppresses nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells via p38 inhibition.
AID386446	Activity at Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID1356585	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2018	Journal of natural products, 08-24, Volume: 81, Issue:8	Structural Characterization of Terpenoids from Abies holophylla Using Computational and Statistical Methods and Their Biological Activities.
AID85462	Ability to inhibit the conversion of [3H]L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by e-NOS from HUVEC cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID1541365	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production measured after 24 hrs
AID1250692	Cytotoxic activity against human BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 100%)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20	Isolation of two new bioactive sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from the roots of Ixeris dentata.
AID636729	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production pretreated for 30 mins before LPS-stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess reaction	2011	Journal of natural products, Oct-28, Volume: 74, Issue:10	Bioactive lignans from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus.
AID1364713	Cytotoxicity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to untreated control	2017	Journal of natural products, 04-28, Volume: 80, Issue:4	Bioactive Triterpenoids from the Twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis.
AID1228661	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 2 hrs prior to LPS-challenge measured after 24 hrs by Greiss assay	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Hypermongones A-J, Rare Methylated Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from the Flowers of Hypericum monogynum.
AID67991	Selectivity as ratio of IC50(e-NOS)/IC50(n-NOS)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Dihydroquinolines with amine-containing side chains as potent n-NOS inhibitors.
AID140449	Concentration required for inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID1525279	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5	Securinega Alkaloids from the Twigs of Securinega suffruticosa and Their Biological Activities.
AID92007	Inhibitory concentration against human Inducible nitric oxide synthase	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Dihydroquinolines with amine-containing side chains as potent n-NOS inhibitors.
AID591311	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced NO production	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 21, Issue:8	Biological evaluation of phenolic constituents from the trunk of Berberis koreana.
AID140452	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages at a concentration of 100 uM	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID181515	Ability to inhibit the conversion of [3H]-L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by n-NOS from rat cerebellum	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	Thienopyridines: nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with potent in vivo activity.
AID737831	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 10 mins by Griess assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Quinic acid derivatives from Pimpinella brachycarpa exert anti-neuroinflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia.
AID234929	Selectivity for human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and human neuronal selective nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-16, Volume: 41, Issue:15	N-Phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity.
AID376356	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide synthesis in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages at 0.1 uM after 18 hrs by ELISA relative to LPS-treated control	1999	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 62, Issue:10	A new bisabolene epoxide from Tussilago farfara, and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages.
AID92156	Inhibition of radiolabeled arginine conversion to citrulline by isomeric form of Inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse RAW 264.7 cells	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID67988	Selectivity index which is the ratio of the Ki or IC50 values of recombinant bovine Endothelial nitric oxide synthase and bovine brain nNOS (Neuronal nitric oxide synthase)	1999	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 42, Issue:16	N(omega)-Nitroarginine-containing dipeptide amides. Potent and highly selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID179871	E max (%) calculated for reversal of ACh-induced relaxation in rat thoracic aorta	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID68131	Inhibitory activity against endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-04, Volume: 10, Issue:17	Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
AID68143	The compound was evaluated for the inhibitory potencies using human Endothelial nitric oxide synthase	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26	Synthesis and evaluation of two positron-labeled nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, S-[11C]methylisothiourea and S-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)isothiourea, as potential positron emission tomography tracers.
AID1272762	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Bioactive lignan derivatives from the stems of Firmiana simplex.
AID319545	Cytotoxicity against LPS induced mouse J774.1 cells by MTT assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 71, Issue:1	Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of flavonoids contained in trunk exudates of Dalbergia sissoo.
AID1821407	Antineuroinflammatory activity against mouse BV-2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by Griess assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 01-28, Volume: 85, Issue:1	Structures and Biological Activities of Polyacylated
AID1515002	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by griess assay	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-15, Volume: 29, Issue:2	Synthesis and anti-neuroinflammatory activity of N-heterocyclic analogs based on natural biphenyl-neolignan honokiol.
AID53921	Ability to inhibit conversion of [3H]L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by inducible NOS (i NOS) from human DLD-1 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	3,4-Dihydro-1-isoquinolinamines: a novel class of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with a range of isoform selectivity and potency.
AID140451	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages at a concentration of 10 uM	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID1350105	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 02-23, Volume: 81, Issue:2	Highly Oxidized Guaianolide Sesquiterpenoids with Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity from Chrysanthemum indicum.
AID386451	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID719267	Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS activity in mouse RAW 264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production pretreated with compound for 30 mins before LPS challenge after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Optimization of thiazole analogues of resveratrol for induction of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase 1 (QR1).
AID67997	Inhibition of cloned (from RNA) human endothelial constitutive Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (heNOS)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 41, Issue:19	2-Iminopyrrolidines as potent and selective inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AID355822	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated ddY mouse macrophages at 30 uM relative to control	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID91778	Inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage -like J774.1 cell	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 13, Issue:1	Siphonols A-E: novel nitric oxide inhibitors from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia.
AID732272	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells by Griess reagent assay	2013	Journal of natural products, Feb-22, Volume: 76, Issue:2	Tetracyclic diterpenoids with isomerized isospongian skeleton and labdane diterpenoids from the fruits of Amomum kravanh.
AID135542	Inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated mouse peritoneal macrophages at 30 uM	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-20, Volume: 11, Issue:16	Absolute stereostructures of novel norcadinane- and trinoreudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from Alpinia oxyphylla.
AID698293	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human iNOS to IC50 for human nNOS	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID1866677	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV-2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production	2022	Journal of natural products, 04-22, Volume: 85, Issue:4	Procyanidins and Phlobatannins from the Twigs of
AID1663475	Antineuroinflammatory activity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 24 hrs by Griess assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 06-26, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Antineurodegenerative Labdane Diterpenoid Glycosides from the Twigs of
AID1177615	Cytotoxicity against human BV2 cells by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Aug-22, Volume: 77, Issue:8	Phenolic Glycosides from the Twigs of Salix glandulosa.
AID358990	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages assessed as nitrate accumulation at 3 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent method relative to control	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
AID1287407	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 26, Issue:6	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aroylbenzofurans, rugchalcones A, B and their derivatives as potent anti-inflammatory agents.
AID146136	Ratio of binding to Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and Inducible nitric oxide synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-20, Volume: 10, Issue:6	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.
AID1228662	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability up to 100 uM	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Hypermongones A-J, Rare Methylated Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols from the Flowers of Hypericum monogynum.
AID684430	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production treated 30 mins before LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess reaction	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19	Phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
AID1325471	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation rate at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID1235121	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM by MTT assay relative to control	2015	Journal of natural products, Jul-24, Volume: 78, Issue:7	ent-Abietane-Type and Related Seco-/Nor-diterpenoids from the Rare Chloranthaceae Plant Chloranthus sessilifolius and Their Antineuroinflammatory Activities.
AID1325474	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation rate after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID1272763	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Bioactive lignan derivatives from the stems of Firmiana simplex.
AID358991	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in ddY mouse macrophages assessed as nitrate accumulation at 10 uM after 20 hrs by Griess reagent method relative to control	2002	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Absolute stereostructures of three new sesquiterpenes from the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla with inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
AID1495460	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production at 1 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 28, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of homoisoflavonoids as potent inhibitors of nitric oxide production in RAW-264.7 cells.
AID1387669	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 10-26, Volume: 81, Issue:10	Irpeksins A-E, 1,10- seco-Eburicane-Type Triterpenoids from the Medicinal Fungus Irpex lacteus and Their Anti-NO Activity.
AID698411	Inhibition of human recombinant iNOS expressed in Sf9 cells assessed as reduction in conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins by radiometric method	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID1754175	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 30 mins followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2021	Journal of natural products, 05-28, Volume: 84, Issue:5	Tulipiferamide A, an Alkamide from
AID1291760	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in LPS-activated mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Bioactive lignan constituents from the twigs of Sambucus williamsii.
AID355819	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated ddY mouse macrophages at 1 uM relative to control	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID1139257	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production at 50 uM after 20 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2014	Journal of natural products, Apr-25, Volume: 77, Issue:4	Suppression of inflammatory responses by handelin, a guaianolide dimer from Chrysanthemum boreale, via downregulation of NF-κB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
AID402993	Cytotoxicity against mouse ddY macrophages assessed as cell viability at 10 um after 72 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	New crinine-type alkaloids with inhibitory effect on induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase from Crinum yemense.
AID454544	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production at 20 uM after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1	Neolignans from Piper kadsura and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity.
AID132501	Inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-21, Volume: 10, Issue:4	Effects of stilbene constituents from rhubarb on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.
AID355821	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated ddY mouse macrophages at 10 uM relative to control	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID1612658	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production pre-treated before LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 163	Chemistry-oriented synthesis (ChOS) and target deconvolution on neuroprotective effect of a novel scaffold, oxaza spiroquinone.
AID92001	Inhibitory activity against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-04, Volume: 10, Issue:17	Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
AID737830	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Quinic acid derivatives from Pimpinella brachycarpa exert anti-neuroinflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia.
AID53933	Inhibitory concentration against nitric oxide synthesis in intact DLD-1 cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	3,4-Dihydro-1-isoquinolinamines: a novel class of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with a range of isoform selectivity and potency.
AID1325473	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell proliferation rate at 100 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID146109	Inhibitory activity against neuronal nitric oxide synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-04, Volume: 10, Issue:17	Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
AID1525280	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2019	Journal of natural products, 05-24, Volume: 82, Issue:5	Securinega Alkaloids from the Twigs of Securinega suffruticosa and Their Biological Activities.
AID453927	Vasorelaxant activity in Wistar rat endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings assessed as inhibition of phenylephrine-induced tissue contraction in presence of NO synthase-inhibitor L-NMMA	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 17, Issue:24	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of cassiarin A as potential antimalarials with vasorelaxant activity.
AID140453	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-activated mouse macrophages at a concentration of 3 uM	1999	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:21	Effects of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes from the rhizome of Alisma orientale on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages: absolute stereostructures of alismaketones-B 23-acetate and -C 23-acetate.
AID1446621	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitrite production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Anti-Neurodegenerative Biflavonoid Glycosides from Impatiens balsamina.
AID232682	Selectivity ratio of IC50 of hnNOS to hiNOS.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 41, Issue:19	2-Iminopyrrolidines as potent and selective inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AID398496	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse J774.1 cells after 24 hrs	2003	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 66, Issue:2	Nitric oxide inhibitory isopimarane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia.
AID355823	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated ddY mouse macrophages at 100 uM relative to control	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID85322	Ability to inhibit conversion of [3H]L-Arg to [3H]L-citrulline catalyzed by endothelial NOS (e NOS) from HUVEC cells	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-23, Volume: 11, Issue:8	3,4-Dihydro-1-isoquinolinamines: a novel class of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors with a range of isoform selectivity and potency.
AID376639	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells by MTT assay	2006	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4	Prenylated flavonoids from the heartwood of Artocarpus communis with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.
AID1289531	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 18 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Journal of natural products, Jan-22, Volume: 79, Issue:1	Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity and Absolute Configurations of Arylalkenyl α,β-Unsaturated δ/γ-Lactones from Cryptocarya concinna.
AID367132	Inhibition of NOS	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 19, Issue:3	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of lignans isolated from Magnolia fargesii.
AID1501257	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 09-22, Volume: 80, Issue:9	Iridoid Glycosides from the Twigs of Sambucus williamsii var. coreana and Their Biological Activities.
AID587234	Inhibition of NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells	2011	Journal of natural products, Feb-25, Volume: 74, Issue:2	Bioactive compounds from the fern Lepisorus contortus.
AID235179	Selectivity ratio of IC50 of nNOS to IC50 of iNOS	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	4,5-Disubstituted-1,3-oxazolidin-2-imine derivatives: a new class of orally bioavailable nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.
AID599233	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse J774.1 cells after 24 hrs by griess assay	2011	Journal of natural products, May-27, Volume: 74, Issue:5	Chisomicines A-C, limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus.
AID1867285	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 1 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 18 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 05-27, Volume: 85, Issue:5	Inhibition of the P2X7/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway by Deacetylgedunin from
AID504237	Inhibition of LPS-induced NOS activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells	2010	Journal of natural products, Sep-24, Volume: 73, Issue:9	Chemical constituents of the deep reef caribbean sponges Plakortis angulospiculatus and Plakortis halichondrioides and their anti-inflammatory activities.
AID669681	Inhibition of human recombinant nNOS assessed as conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins measured after 45 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-08, Volume: 3, Issue:3	NOpiates: Novel Dual Action Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors with μ-Opioid Agonist Activity.
AID1250851	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells preincubated for 15 mins followed by LPS challenge measured after 20 hrs by Griess assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 25, Issue:21	Determination of the absolute configuration of chaetoviridins and other bioactive azaphilones from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum.
AID225704	Inhibitory concentration against recombinant human (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) n-NOS	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Dihydroquinolines with amine-containing side chains as potent n-NOS inhibitors.
AID1439823	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 40 uM relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Sesquiterpene derivatives from marine sponge Smenospongia cerebriformis and their anti-inflammatory activity.
AID1617011	Antineuroinflammatory activity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition in LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 30 mins followed b LPS addition and measured after 24 hr by griess reagent based assay	2019	Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 82, Issue:11	Thiohydantoin and Hydantoin Derivatives from the Roots of
AID67823	Ratio of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase to Inducible nitric oxide synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-20, Volume: 10, Issue:6	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.
AID730339	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Steroidal constituents from the leaves of Hosta longipes and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
AID1387444	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Journal of natural products, 09-28, Volume: 81, Issue:9	Rare Thioglycosides from the Roots of Wasabia japonica.
AID669683	Inhibition of human recombinant iNOS assessed as conversion of [3H]L-arginine to [3H]L-citrulline preincubated for 15 mins measured after 45 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2012	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-08, Volume: 3, Issue:3	NOpiates: Novel Dual Action Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors with μ-Opioid Agonist Activity.
AID386444	Activity at rat wild type DDAH1	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID698291	Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells at -80 mV holding potential assessed as reduction in tail current amplitude by conventional patch clamp assay	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-22, Volume: 55, Issue:6	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors: lead optimization studies resulting in the identification of N-(1-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a p
AID730391	Selectivity ratio of Ki for bovine eNOS to Ki for rat nNOS	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 56, Issue:8	Target- and mechanism-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: strength in numbers.
AID504240	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells up to 25 uM	2010	Journal of natural products, Sep-24, Volume: 73, Issue:9	Chemical constituents of the deep reef caribbean sponges Plakortis angulospiculatus and Plakortis halichondrioides and their anti-inflammatory activities.
AID1299229	Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells pre-incubated for 30 mins before LPS stimulation for 20 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 26, Issue:12	Withanolides derived from Physalis peruviana (Poha) with potential anti-inflammatory activity.
AID234930	Selectivity for human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and human neuronal selective nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-16, Volume: 41, Issue:15	N-Phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity.
AID401231	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse J774.1cells after 24 hrs	2004	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 67, Issue:4	Staminane- and isopimarane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus of Taiwan and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity.
AID1495461	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production at 10 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 28, Issue:11	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of homoisoflavonoids as potent inhibitors of nitric oxide production in RAW-264.7 cells.
AID755566	Cytotoxicity against LPS-treated mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Anti-neuroinflammatory diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica.
AID1433347	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 79, Issue:10	Wasabisides A-E, Lignan Glycosides from the Roots of Wasabia japonica.
AID386448	Ratio of Kcat to Km for human DDAH1 C275A mutant	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-30, Volume: 282, Issue:48	Inhibition of human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 by S-nitroso-L-homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis, quantification, and implications for hyperhomocysteinemia.
AID180140	Inhibitory activity against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cyclic GMP accumulation in rat cerebellar slices	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID684425	Cytotoxicity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM by MTT assay	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19	Phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
AID730340	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of nitric oxide production treated 30 mins before LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Steroidal constituents from the leaves of Hosta longipes and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production.
AID146265	Inhibitory activity against isomeric form of Neuronal nitric oxide synthase measured by citrulline assay	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Nitroaromatic amino acids as inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
AID730392	Inhibition of rat nNOS	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-25, Volume: 56, Issue:8	Target- and mechanism-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases: strength in numbers.
AID92143	Inhibitory activity against human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) isoenzyme.	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-16, Volume: 41, Issue:15	N-Phenylamidines as selective inhibitors of human neuronal nitric oxide synthase: structure-activity studies and demonstration of in vivo activity.
AID314064	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse BV2 cells	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 18, Issue:4	In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 3-O-methyl-flavones isolated from Siegesbeckia glabrescens.
AID92155	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mice	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2	4,5-Disubstituted-1,3-oxazolidin-2-imine derivatives: a new class of orally bioavailable nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.
AID146106	Inhibition of human neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-20, Volume: 10, Issue:6	Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by acetamidine derivatives of hetero-substituted lysine and homolysine.
AID92011	The compound was evaluated for the inhibitory potencies using human Inducible nitric oxide synthase (hiNOS)	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-20, Volume: 39, Issue:26	Synthesis and evaluation of two positron-labeled nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, S-[11C]methylisothiourea and S-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)isothiourea, as potential positron emission tomography tracers.
AID1325466	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production at 1 uM after 18 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-15, Volume: 26, Issue:22	Dihydrostilbenes and diarylpropanes: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation as potent nitric oxide production inhibition agents.
AID755567	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 23, Issue:13	Anti-neuroinflammatory diarylheptanoids from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica.
AID147241	Compound was tested for the inhibition of inducible murine macrophage expressed as inactivation constant	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6	NG-allyl- and NG-cyclopropyl-L-arginine: two novel inhibitors of macrophage nitric oxide synthase.
AID1269181	Anti-neuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Isolation of bioactive biphenyl compounds from the twigs of Chaenomeles sinensis.
AID355820	Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated ddY mouse macrophages at 3 uM relative to control	2003	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 66, Issue:5	Absolute stereostructures of new arborinane-type triterpenoids and inhibitors of nitric oxide production from Rubia yunnanensis.
AID717568	Antineuroinflammatory activity against mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
AID92000	Inhibition of cloned (from RNA) human inducible nitric oxide synthase (hiNOS)	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 41, Issue:19	2-Iminopyrrolidines as potent and selective inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase.
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID588349	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1799854	Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/bi9007098: \\Developing dual and specific inhibitors of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and nitric oxide synthase: toward a targeted polypharmacology to control nitric oxide.\\	2009	Biochemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 48, Issue:36	Developing dual and specific inhibitors of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and nitric oxide synthase: toward a targeted polypharmacology to control nitric oxide.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	30 (0.70)	18.7374
1990's	2592 (60.08)	18.2507
2000's	1303 (30.20)	29.6817
2010's	349 (8.09)	24.3611
2020's	40 (0.93)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	344 (7.80%)	5.53%
Reviews	76 (1.72%)	6.00%
Case Studies	8 (0.18%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.02%)	0.25%
Other	3,982 (90.27%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase Ib Trial of L-NMMA in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Urothelial Carcinoma, Cervical Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Gastric Cancer, [NCT03236935]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-03	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Repeat Dose, Open Label, Parallel Group, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Effect of Daprodustat Compared to Darbepoetin Alfa on Forearm Blood Flow in Participants With Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease That Are Not Dialysis Dependent [NCT03446612]	Phase 2	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-10	Terminated(stopped due to The study is terminated due to feasibility in recruitment.)
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Fibrinolysis(RAAS) Interaction in Humans- Specific Aim 3 [NCT00685945]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Clinical Phase Ib/II Trial of L-NMMA Plus Taxane Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients [NCT02834403]	Phase 1/Phase 2	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Role of a Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor on GLP-2 Mediated Intestinal Lipoprotein Release [NCT03534661]	Phase 2/Phase 3	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-27	Completed
Role of Nitric Oxide in Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Regulation During Isometric Exercise in Healthy Humans [NCT00806741]		18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
Diesel Exhaust Inhalation, Systemic Nitric Oxide Inhibition and Cardiac Output [NCT01060930]		14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Role of Nitric Oxide in Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Regulation During Experimental Increase of Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Humans [NCT00914394]		12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Terminated
L-NMMA's Effect on Renal and Cardiovascular Variables in Healthy Subjects. A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study. [NCT01070940]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
Diameter Changes of Retinal Vessels During Hypoxia [NCT01689090]		58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Does eNOS Gene Polymorphism Play a Role in the Maintenance of Basal Vascular Tone in the Choroid or Optic Nerve Head? [NCT00708357]	Early Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Terminated
Phase II Trial of Alpelisib With iNOS Inhibitor and Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With HER2 Negative Metastatic or Locally Advanced Metaplastic Breast Cancer (MpBC) [NCT05660083]	Phase 2	36 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-12	Recruiting
Regulation of the Plasma Triglyceride Extraction in Muscle in Insulin Resistance [NCT01860911]	Phase 1	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Phase 1 Study of Systemic Effects of Ng-Monomethyl-L-Arginine on Renal Hemodynamics in Patients With Polycystic Kidney Disease and Chronic Glomerulonephritis [NCT00345137]	Phase 1	75 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase III International, Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition With Tilarginine Acetate Injection in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Complicati [NCT00112281]	Phase 3	658 participants	Interventional	2005-05-31	Terminated
Effects of Acute L-NMMA Treatment on Renal Hemodynamics, Sodium and Water Excretion and Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Hormones in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Healthy Controls [NCT00344734]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional		Completed
Mechanisms of Choroidal Blood Flow Changes During Dark/Light Transitions [NCT00431392]	Phase 2	42 participants	Interventional	2001-09-30	Completed
Effect of Elevated Plasma-Free-Fatty-Acids on Renal Hemodynamic Parameters [NCT00431665]		9 participants	Interventional	1999-07-31	Completed
Role of endothelin-and Nitric Oxide-system in the Regulation of Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow During Changes in Ocular Perfusion Pressure [NCT00406731]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Withdrawn
Physiology and Pathologic Role of Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Humans [NCT00166166]	Phase 2	174 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Limited clinical staff)
[NCT00180063]		0 participants	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
Mechanisms of Vasovagal Syncope [NCT01791816]	Early Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Active, not recruiting
Determination of Nitrite as a Source of Bioactive Nitric Oxide in Human Subjects [NCT00048477]	Phase 2	42 participants	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
Therapeutic Application of Intravascular Nitrite for Sickle Cell Disease [NCT00095472]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-01	Completed
Passive Limb Movement: A Tool to Assess Vascular Health and Guide Rehabilitation [NCT03625349]		130 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2015-09-01	Recruiting
Endothelial Function in Lower Extremity Bypass Grafts [NCT00759707]		19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Nitric Oxide Control of the Migrating Motor Complex in Man: L-NMMA Effects in Relation to Muscarinic and Serotonergic Receptor Blockade [NCT02245165]	Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Effect of Renal Denervation on NO-mediated Regulation of Salt- and Water Excretion, Vasoactive Hormones and Tubular Transport Proteins in Patients With Resistant Hypertension [NCT01617551]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Recruiting
NO-Synthesis in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Effect of L-NMMA on Renal Hemodynamics, Sodium Excretion and Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Hormones [NCT00344916]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase 1 Study of the Effects of Systemic Nitric Oxide Inhibition With Ng-Monomethyl-L-Arginine on Renal Hemodynamics and Sodium Excretion in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Healthy Controls [NCT00345150]	Phase 1	30 participants	Interventional		Completed
[NCT00005107]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Recruiting
A Series of Pilot Studies to Evaluate the Haemodynamic and Metabolic Effects of Apelin and Relaxin in Healthy Humans, Subjects With Increased Weight and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03449251]	Phase 2	170 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-28	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Fluconazole, Tetraethylammonium (TEA), and Bradykinin Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Fluconazole and Bradykinin Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Tetraethylammonium (TEA) and Bradykinin Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Sodium Nitroprusside Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Administration of L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA)
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Administration of L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA) and Tetraethylammonium (TEA)
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Fluconazole Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Fluconazole and Tetraethylammonium (TEA) Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA) and Fluconazole Administration
NCT00166166 (11) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Tetraethylammonium (TEA) Administration
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Forearm Blood Flow (FBF)
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Net Glucose Uptake
NCT00685945 (3) [back to overview]	Net Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release
NCT00759707 (1) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft Vasodilation
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Asses the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of L-NMMA When Combined With Docetaxel/Amlodipine in the Treatment of Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC Patients, Based on the Number of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Per Dose Level.
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of the L-NMMA and Docetaxel Combination
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of the L-NMMA and Docetaxel Combination
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) and Other Adverse Events
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration of L-NMMA and Docetaxel
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Clinical Benefit Rate
NCT02834403 (7) [back to overview]	Asses the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Docetaxel When Combined With L-NMMA/Amlodipine in the Treatment of Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC Patients, Based on the Number of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Per Dose Level.
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Creatinine
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Sodium, Potassium, Carbon-dioxide (Total), Chloride, Glucose and Urea
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in DBP and SBP
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ECG Mean Heart Rate
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters- PR Interval, QRS Duration, and QT Interval and QTcB
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter of MCH
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter of MCV
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter: Hematocrit
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters of Platelet Count, Leukocytes, Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Neutrophils
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters of RBC Count and RC
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters- Hemoglobin and MCHC
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in RDW
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine (Day 1 to Day 42)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 Versus (vs) Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to NG-monomethyl Arginine Acetate (L-NMMA) (Day 1 to Day 42)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside (Day 1 to Day 42)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to Acetylcholine
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to L-NMMA
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in Augmentation Index (AIx) From Day 1 to 42
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) From Day 1 to Day 42
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Discontinuing the Randomized Study Treatment
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Any AE of Special Interest (AESI)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Albumin
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Bilirubin (Direct/Indirect and Total)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Creatinine
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Sodium, Potassium, Carbon-dioxide (Total), Chloride, Glucose and Urea
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of ECG Parameters- PR Interval, QRS Interval, and QT Interval and QT Interval Corrected for Heart Rate Using Bazett's Formula (QTcB)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Electrocardiogram (ECG) Mean Heart Rate
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Hematology Parameter of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change in FBF Ratio in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of Hematology Parameter: Hematocrit
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of the Hematology Parameter of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of the Hematology Parameter of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of the Hematology Parameter of Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count and Reticulocyte Count (RC)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of the Hematology Parameters of Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Absolute Values of the Hematology Parameters of Platelet Count, White Blood Cell (WBC) Count (Absolute), Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Neutrophils
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Albumin
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: ALT, ALP and AST
NCT03446612 (53) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Bilirubin (Direct/Indirect and Total)

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Healthy Controls	1.6

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Healthy Controls	5.6

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Healthy Controls	4.4

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Healthy Controls	0.03

Intervention	mL min^-1 * 100 mL^-1 (Mean)
Healthy Controls	10.4
Risk Factors	10.9

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-29
Risk Factors	-23

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-38
Risk Factors	-39

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-13
Risk Factors	-17

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-22

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-26
Risk Factors	-26

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Healthy Controls	-18
Risk Factors	-24

Intervention	ml/min/100ml (Mean)
	FBF (bradykinin 0 ng/min)	FBF (bradykinin 50ng/min)	FBF (bradykinin 100ng/min)	FBF (bradykinin 200 ng/min)
Control	4.03	7.02	13.17	17.74
Isosorbide + L-NMMA + Control	2.18	4.73	6.83	9.91
L-NMMA + Control	2.36	5.16	8.67	11.21
Sildenafil + L-NMMA + Control	2.80	5.87	9.13	12.92

Intervention	microgram/min/100ml (Mean)
	Net glucose uptake (bradykinin 0 ng/min)	Net glucose uptake (bradykinin 200 ng/min)
Control	-79.95	-319.85
Isosorbide + L-NMMA + Control	-71.4	-163.233
L-NMMA + Control	-74.36	-142.86
Sildenafil + L-NMMA + Control	-67.3	-125.32

Intervention	ng/min/100ml (Mean)
	Net t-PA release (bradykinin 0ng/min)	Net t-PA release (bradykinin 50ng/min)	Net t-PA release (bradykinin 100ng/min)	Net t-PA release (bradykinin 200ng/min)
Control	0.24	1.02	11.81	30.03
Isosorbide + L-NMMA + Control	-0.38	3.14	15.90	45.32
L-NMMA + Control	0.59	3.65	22.10	39.90
Sildenafil + L-NMMA + Control	0.29	2.46	18.48	37.39

Intervention	vein bypass graft size increase (%) (Mean)
Study Population	5.28

Intervention	mg/kg (Number)
Phase Ib - Dose Finding - L-NMMA	20

Intervention	mg/kg (Number)
Phase Ib - Dose Finding - L-NMMA	20

Intervention	mg/m^2 (Number)
Phase Ib - Dose Finding - Docetaxel	100

Intervention	Grade ≥ 3 AE (Count of Units)
	Constitutional	Peripheral neuropathy	Dermatological	Infectious	Renal	Elevation of AST/ALT	Dehydration	Gastric	Cardiac	Vascular
Experimental: L-NMMA 10 mg/kg and Docetaxel 75 mg/m2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Experimental: L-NMMA 12.5 mg/kg and Docetaxel 75 mg/m2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Experimental: L-NMMA 15 mg/kg and Docetaxel 75 mg/m2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Experimental: L-NMMA 17.5 mg/kg and Docetaxel 100 mg/m2	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1
Experimental: L-NMMA 20 mg/kg and Docetaxel 100 mg/m2	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
Experimental: L-NMMA 7.5 mg/kg and Docetaxel 75 mg/m2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Experimental: Phase II: RP2D Determined in the Phase Ib	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0

Intervention	Hours (Mean)
	Tmax for LNMMA	Tmas for Docetaxel
Experimental: L-NMMA 15 mg/kg and Docetaxel 75 mg/m2	2	4
Experimental: L-NMMA 17.5 mg/kg and Docetaxel 100 mg/m2	2	4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Metastatic breast cancer72594113	Locally advanced breast cancer72594113
	Complete Response	Stable Disease	Progressive Disease	Treatment Failure	Partial Response
Experimental	0
Experimental	3
Experimental	6
Experimental	2
Experimental	4
Experimental	5
Experimental	1

Intervention	mg/m^2 (Number)
Phase Ib - Dose Finding - Docetaxel	100

Intervention	Micromoles per Liter (Mean)
	Creatinine, Day 42, n=2, 2	Creatinine, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	3.10	13.70
Darbepoetin Alfa	36.70	19.77

Intervention	Millimoles per Liter (Mean)
	Sodium, Day 42, n=2, 2	Sodium, Day 59, n=2, 3	Potassium, Day 42, n=2, 2	Potassium, Day 59, n=2, 3	Carbon-dioxide (total), Day 42, n=2, 2	Carbon-dioxide (total), Day 59, n=2, 3	Chloride, Day 42, n=2, 2	Chloride, Day 59, n=2, 3	Glucose, Day 42, n=2, 2	Glucose, Day 59, n=2, 3	Urea, Day 42, n=2, 2	Urea, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	-0.5	-1.5	-0.15	-0.25	1.5	2.0	0.0	0.0	-0.65	-0.15	-1.25	-1.50
Darbepoetin Alfa	-1.5	-0.7	-0.05	-0.27	1.0	2.0	-2.0	1.73	4.25	3.70	3.00	2.67

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	DBP, Day 14, n=2, 3	DBP, Day 28, n=2, 3	DBP, Day 42, n=2, 2	DBP, Day 59, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 14, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 28, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 42, n=2, 2	SBP, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	-6.5	0.0	2.5	-4.0	-14.0	-8.5	1.5	-8.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	5.0	10.0	10.5	13.3	-6.7	13.0	10.5	8.0

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
	Day 42, n=2, 2	Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	-8.0	2.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	-0.5	3.7

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	PR Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	PR Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3	QRS Duration, Day 42, n=2, 2	QRS Duration, Day 59, n=2, 3	QT Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	QT Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3	QTcB Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	QTcB Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	7.5	7.5	1.5	0.0	18.0	-12.0	-9.5	-7.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	-2.0	0.3	1.5	0.7	-7.0	-9.0	-9.5	-3.3

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	Day 42, n=2, 2	Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	0.45	0.15
Darbepoetin Alfa	-0.10	0.27

Intervention	Femtoliters (Mean)
	Day 42, n=2, 2	Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	1.0	0.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	1.5	0.3

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	2	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	5.18	15	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.31	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.03	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.69	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.02	5	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.66	3	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	1.99	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.39	7	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	2.39	2	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.13	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	5.26	12	1	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
choline [no description available]	2.38	2	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	5.06	5	2	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.41	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.4	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.4	2	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	12.01	72	1	alpha-amino acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.39	2	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.83	22	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.4	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.51	8	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	3.25	6	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2	1	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.42	2	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.38	7	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	7.87	40	2	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.02	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.4	2	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.69	3	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.05	1	0	imidazole
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	1.99	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	1.98	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	4.09	15	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	1.99	1	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.69	3	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.91	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	12.41	166	6	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	6.34	12	1	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.68	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	12.69	261	5	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.89	4	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.42	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.69	3	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	1.98	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
pteridines [no description available]	3.09	5	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
putrescine [no description available]	2.9	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.01	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.9	4	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.42	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	1.98	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	1.99	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	3.38	1	1	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	5.16	18	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
taurine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	3.83	2	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.4	2	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	6.34	5	3	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	3.49	8	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.72	2	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	3.09	5	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	4.52	9	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.04	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.38	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid 2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic acid: effective antagonist at all three types of excitatory amino acid receptors; does not depress responses to acetylcholine or substance P	1.99	1	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	2.38	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.	1.99	1	0	catecholamine
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	1.99	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	1.99	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.04	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	3.13	5	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
s,s'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea S,S'-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
my 5445 MY 5445: potential platelet aggregation inhibitor	2.68	3	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse	2	1	0	imidazoles
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.39	2	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.47	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.4	2	0	glycerophosphocholine
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	3.89	12	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	4.96	37	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.93	4	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.02	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	1.99	1	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-4-picoline 2-amino-4-picoline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4h-1,3-thiazine 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine: a selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source	2.68	3	0	1,3-thiazine
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.69	3	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source	2	1	0
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	2.1	1	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	isocoumarins; organochlorine compound	geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor
zopolrestat zopolrestat: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.9	4	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
3-methoxytyramine 3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.	1.99	1	0	monomethoxybenzene; phenols; phenylethylamine; primary amino compound	biomarker; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
4'-bromoflavone 4'-bromoflavone: structure in first source	2.76	3	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.02	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.98	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	1.99	1	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	1.98	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid: a lipoxygenase inhibitor. 5,8,11-icosatriynoic acid : A C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having three triple bonds in the 5-, 8- and 11-positions.	2	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; icosanoid; long-chain fatty acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid	EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
5-carboxamidotryptamine 5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	tryptamines
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	4.4	21	0
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	3.1	5	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	1.99	1	0	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	3.37	7	0
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.44	2	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	2.67	3	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.69	3	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.08	3	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	2.68	3	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.1	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	8.05	12	5	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.01	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	9.78	95	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	4.35	20	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	5.4	5	3	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
anastrozole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.46	2	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2.4	2	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.61	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	11.66	63	11	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	7.4	7	3	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azepexole [no description available]	1.99	1	0
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.67	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	5.74	2	2	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	1.99	1	0	benzamides
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.02	1	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.02	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bumetanide [no description available]	1.98	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
caffeine [no description available]	4.65	6	1	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	5.45	15	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	3.24	6	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	3.41	1	1	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	5.05	5	2	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.39	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	3.81	2	1	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	1.99	1	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	2.95	4	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetraxate [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.7	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.91	4	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.69	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	1.99	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.69	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	1.99	1	0
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	1.99	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	4.3	4	1	clonidine; imidazoline
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	1.99	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	2.4	2	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.41	2	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	5.17	11	1	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.01	1	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.91	4	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.69	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	7.69	14	2	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.91	4	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.4	2	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
dimaprit Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.	2.39	2	0	imidothiocarbamic ester
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	3.61	9	0	organic cation
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	3.09	5	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	1.97	1	0
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.41	2	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	4.35	2	2	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	2.41	2	0
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.81	11	0
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	1.99	1	0	phenoxazine
s-ethyl n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isothiourea S-ethyl N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isothiourea: structure in first source	2	1	0
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	3.4	1	1	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	2.08	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	8.05	8	5	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.4	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.44	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	4.85	4	2	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	2.08	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.03	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
vanoxerine vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.04	1	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.94	4	0
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	6.33	37	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	1.98	1	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.91	4	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	3.08	5	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.91	4	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
bis(2-guanidinoethyl)disulfide bis(2-guanidinoethyl)disulfide: bifunctional cation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.7	3	0
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	4.91	8	1	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
n-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	4.1	3	1	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.9	4	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	1.97	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.01	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available]	2.01	1	0
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	3.6	9	0	quaternary ammonium salt
alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.	1.98	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	6.46	9	2	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.4	1	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	4.5	5	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	5.46	8	2	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
ici 204448 ICI 204448: kappa opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	3.18	1	0	piperidines
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	3.79	2	1	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	12.3	254	14	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2.92	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
iproniazid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	3.41	1	1	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	5.61	29	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.9	4	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.01	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	9.26	59	6	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	1.99	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	4.62	6	1	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	6.01	9	3	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.43	2	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.01	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	1.99	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.01	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	7.17	26	4	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.74	3	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	4.56	25	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
manidipine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
edaravone [no description available]	2.46	2	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.43	2	0	primary aliphatic amine
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.69	10	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.45	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
2-mercaptoethylguanidine 2-mercaptoethylguanidine: proposed as a radiation protective agent; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search GUANIDINES (75-83); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	2.4	2	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
nocodazole [no description available]	2.39	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
n-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate: antidote for cadmium intoxication; repeated administration can result in reduction in cadmium levels of kidney & liver; structure given in first source	2.91	4	0
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	3.78	2	1	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
milrinone [no description available]	4.11	3	1	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	5.43	61	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.05	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	1.99	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine: acts as serotonin agonist; structure. 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.	1.98	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-arylpiperazine	environmental contaminant; psychotropic drug; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.38	2	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.9	4	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	4.63	6	1	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	5.96	14	2	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	14.42	114	19	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	3.44	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	3.51	8	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.15	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	1.98	1	0	carbazoles
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.9	4	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.98	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.01	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	5.17	11	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 169316 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor	3	1	0	imidazoles
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.93	4	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.38	2	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	4.62	6	1	oxopurine
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	2	1	0	aromatic amine
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	2.02	1	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.9	4	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.7	3	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.42	2	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	3.1	5	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	7.18	50	2	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.01	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0	chromones
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	3.7	10	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	1.98	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.68	3	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.4	2	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2.69	3	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	6.65	20	3	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.03	1	0
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	2.04	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.1	5	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase	1.97	1	0	carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.69	3	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
rolipram [no description available]	2.43	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
etiron etiron: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.09	5	0
s-methylisothiopseudouronium S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source	2.92	4	0
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.03	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.04	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	5.36	57	0	morpholines
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.69	3	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	2	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.08	1	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sq 22536 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue; oxolanes	EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	5.36	7	2	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.02	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	2.01	1	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.7	3	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
t0156 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	naphthyridine derivative
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	azepine
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	3.32	2	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	9.23	25	6	quaternary ammonium ion
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	4.33	1	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	5.41	5	1	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	1.99	1	0	amino acid
trifluoperazine [no description available]	3.49	8	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	4.71	2	1	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	4.36	2	2	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urapidil [no description available]	1.98	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.39	2	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
vesnarinone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic molecular entity
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	3.86	12	0
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2.01	1	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
corticosterone [no description available]	3.1	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	4.35	2	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.01	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.39	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	7.9	17	5	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.24	6	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.92	4	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	4	14	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.8	2	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	6.67	53	1	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	3.39	1	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	7.99	11	7	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	5.93	102	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	1.98	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.01	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.99	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.42	2	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	2.91	4	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.38	2	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.4	2	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.93	4	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.43	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.43	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.9	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.08	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	6.65	37	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	2.91	4	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.11	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.69	3	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.98	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	1.98	1	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	6.35	38	1	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	11.41	120	12	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
n-nitrosomorpholine N-nitrosomorpholine : A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco.	1.98	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	4.77	7	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.44	2	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	6.91	26	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	4.77	7	1	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.41	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	8.54	112	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	3.38	1	1	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	3.6	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	9.03	25	5	quaternary ammonium salt
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.99	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.92	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.91	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.91	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.68	3	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2	1	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	5.9	39	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	4.91	36	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
triamcinolone diacetate triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone	2.01	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	3.39	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
mannitol [no description available]	3.51	8	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	8.62	53	1	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
2-thiomalic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.72	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
veratridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	5.24	4	3	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.7	10	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	22.64	1,949	52	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.05	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	2.07	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.4	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	1.98	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.25	1	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.4	2	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	3.12	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	7.25	9	2	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.39	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	5.28	52	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	3.18	1	0
phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.67	3	0	xanthene
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.4	2	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	1.98	1	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	2.01	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.4	2	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
1,2-dihydrostilbene 1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene.	2	1	0	diphenylethane
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	1.99	1	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
diethylamine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	7.84	16	5	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	4.49	5	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
diethylenetriamine diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.04	1	0	bromide salt
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.7	3	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.44	2	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.03	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	2.04	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	2	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	5.09	10	1	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.7	3	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.9	4	0	purine nucleoside
copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes.	1.99	1	0
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	3.09	5	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.26	6	0	organic molecular entity
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.49	2	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	3.39	7	0	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	2.02	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.41	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.9	4	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	4.45	22	0	indazole
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.01	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2.41	2	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	6.32	14	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.4	2	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.69	3	0	organic cation
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	1.99	1	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	5.05	16	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.98	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	3.24	6	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.47	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
3-acetylpyridine 3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.72	3	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	1.97	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	9.81	89	3	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	6.98	4	3	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	2.4	2	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
methylguanidine Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.	4.29	4	1	guanidines	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; uremic toxin
liriodenine liriodenine: structure given in first source. liriodenine : An oxoaporphine alkaloid that is 4,5,6,6a-tetradehydronoraporphin-7-one substituted by a methylenedioxy group across positions 1 and 2. It is isolated from Annona glabra and has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.	2.31	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; cyclic ketone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle; oxoaporphine alkaloid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	1.98	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	3.8	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	4.68	9	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.41	2	0
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	3.59	9	0
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.13	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
isobutyl nitrite isobutyl nitrite: ''recreational'' drug of abuse, sniffed.	1.98	1	0	nitrite esters
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.71	10	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.73	3	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
1,2-Dihydroquinolin-2-imine [no description available]	2	1	0	aminoquinoline
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.07	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	4.49	23	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
formamidoxime formamidoxime: structure	1.99	1	0
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	2.7	3	0
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	1.98	1	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2	1	0
citiolone citiolone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.99	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	1.99	1	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.99	9	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	1.99	1	0
2-amino-3-methylpyridine 2-amino-3-methylpyridine: structure in first source	2	1	0
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	1.98	1	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.71	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
aminorex Aminorex: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.	2.02	1	0	benzenes
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.96	13	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
arabinofuranosyluracil [no description available]	2.06	1	0	N-glycosyl compound	metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	3.6	9	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.4	2	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.39	2	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	1.99	1	0	catecholamine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.46	2	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	1.99	1	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
4-aminobenzhydrazide 4-aminobenzhydrazide: a Russian synthetic drug of acylhydrazide group; decreased uterus wt in rats; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for amino group	2.41	2	0
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.06	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	6.98	38	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	5.62	3	2	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	3.1	5	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.74	3	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.68	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	1.99	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	2	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.4	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.42	2	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	1.99	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.41	2	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.4	2	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	1.99	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	1.99	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
tungstate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.99	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
sodium chromate(vi) sodium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with (MF) CR-H2-O4.Na. sodium chromate : An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.99	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	carcinogenic agent; diagnostic agent; oxidising agent; poison
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.13	1	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.94	4	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	1.99	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.01	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.02	1	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	4.44	2	2	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.9	4	0
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	2.39	2	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	1.97	1	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.04	1	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.39	2	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	6.16	42	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
7-oxodehydroabietic acid 7-oxodehydroabietic acid: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,4beta,10aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
calcium dobesilate Calcium Dobesilate: A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.	3.4	1	1
3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid 3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2.4	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	4.29	4	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	3.84	2	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	1.98	1	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	4.38	2	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.38	1	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.	3.25	6	0
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	3.38	1	1	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	4.85	13	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	4.92	36	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.4	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.4	2	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	4.18	5	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.01	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	1.98	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2	1	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	2	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	1.98	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.78	10	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	8.07	54	5	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	6.17	12	3	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
butaclamol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.01	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.38	2	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.49	5	1	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	15.33	371	3	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
doxantrazole doxantrazole: structure	1.98	1	0
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	3.23	6	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	5.22	6	2	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
acarbose [no description available]	2.41	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.39	2	0
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	5.09	10	1	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.42	2	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	1.97	1	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	4.85	13	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.37	7	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.78	2	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
bm 13505 daltroban: thromboxane antagonist	1.99	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	4.3	4	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.03	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	4.36	2	2	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	3.4	1	1	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
gusperimus gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride	2	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
pirmagrel pirmagrel: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
flavone acetic acid flavone acetic acid: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.93	4	0
flesinoxan [no description available]	3.77	2	1
fadrozole Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.	2.07	1	0	imidazopyridine
zileuton [no description available]	2.71	3	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	4.33	1	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
atorvastatin [no description available]	6.82	5	5	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	5.24	4	3	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	3.4	1	1	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	9.75	64	4	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.68	3	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.4	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing	2	1	0
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	1.99	1	0
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	2.07	1	0	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.49	8	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
cilazaprilat cilazaprilat: InChIKey: UVAUYSRYXACKSC-ULQDDVLXSA-N	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	3.11	5	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.15	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.46	2	0
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.13	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	2.9	4	0
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	2.39	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.72	3	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	3.27	6	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	4.67	28	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.91	4	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
secoisolariciresinol secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source. secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups. (-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.	2.44	2	0	secoisolariciresinol	antidepressant; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	1.99	1	0	purine nucleoside
n-acetylpenicillamine N-acetylpenicillamine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetyl-D-penicillamine : An N-acetyl-D-amino acid where the amino acid is D-penicillamine	2	1	0	N-acetyl-D-amino acid
ecabet ecabet: structure in first source	1.98	1	0	diterpenoid
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	2.42	2	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
bepafant bepafant: RN given from Toxlit 6/90; PAF antagonist	2.41	2	0
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	4.7	3	2	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.	2.4	2	0
acetoxime [no description available]	1.98	1	0	ketoxime
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.51	8	0	1,2,3-triazole
2,3-diaminonaphthalene [no description available]	1.99	1	0
2-hydroxychavicol 2-hydroxychavicol: antimutagen from betel leaf; structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	3.37	7	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	3.09	5	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
illimaquinone illimaquinone: structure given in first source; isolated from the Red Sea sponge Smenospongia; inhibits the RNase H. activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.15	1	0	monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones; prenylquinone	metabolite
honokiol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	biphenyls
5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available]	2.01	1	0
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.02	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	1.99	1	0
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	1.97	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
(+)-Eudesmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	lignan
Tormentic acid tormentic acid: aglycone of Rosamultin	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
pinoresinol (+)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.	2.13	1	0	pinoresinol	hypoglycemic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
sakuranetin sakuranetin: major rice phytoalexin; RN given for ((S)-(-))-isomer; structure in first source. sakuranetin : A flavonoid phytoalexin that is (S)-naringenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.31	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; flavonoid phytoalexin; monomethoxyflavanone	antimycobacterial drug; plant metabolite
bilobalide [no description available]	2.01	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
4beta-Hydroxywithanolide E [no description available]	2.13	1	0	withanolide
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.15	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
1-aminoisoquinoline [no description available]	2	1	0
4-aminobenzamide [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzamides
benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester ethyl N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-benzoyltyrosine.	2.39	2	0	benzamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols	chromogenic compound
atherospermidine atherospermidine: isoquinoline alkaloid from Artabotrys maingayi; structure given in first source	2.31	1	0	oxoaporphine alkaloid
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.41	1	1	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.06	1	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.47	2	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.78	11	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	4.31	4	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol: noradrenaline metabolite in mouse brain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol : A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.	1.99	1	0	catechols; tetrol	metabolite; mouse metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	5.7	7	3	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt	2.38	2	0
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	2	1	0	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
lopinavir [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR.. 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione : A C21-steroid hormone that is 5alpha-pregnane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a metabolite of progestrone.	2.03	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; C21-steroid hormone	human metabolite; progestogen
arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.69	3	0
dehydroabietic acid dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.. dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; metabolite
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.39	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
n-phenethylbenzamide N-phenethylbenzamide: has antioxidant activity; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine [no description available]	2	1	0
oxoglaucine 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxy-7H-dibenzo(de,g)quinolin-7-one: a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110alpha inhibitor that reactivates latent HIV-1; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.41	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.4	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	3.09	5	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	1.99	1	0
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	2.69	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.7	3	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	1.98	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	4.56	25	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	3.1	5	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.39	2	0
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.4	2	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	1.99	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	1.98	1	0	aromatic ketone
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.94	4	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	2	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.42	2	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	2.7	3	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	3.41	1	1	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fr 139317 FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2	1	0	benzodiazepine
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.76	3	0	proanthocyanidin
fk 888 FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0	peptide
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	3.63	9	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.1	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	6.74	41	0	L-alpha-amino acid
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)- 1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX	2.05	1	0
indospicine indospicine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-indospicine : An alpha-amino acid that is 2,7-diaminoheptanoic acid substituted by a imino group at position 7 (the 2S stereoisomer).	1.99	1	0	carboxamidine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	hepatotoxic agent; plant metabolite
s-nitrosomercaptoethanol S-nitrosomercaptoethanol: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor. It is an anti-infective agent and inhibits Bacillus cereus spore outgrowth.	2.4	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	2.48	2	0	germacranolide
benzamil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
senktide [no description available]	2	1	0
kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	4.02	14	0	gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	6.02	27	1	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.4	2	0
exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.	2	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound	metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.5	8	0
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	2	1	0
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	4.3	4	1
pd 123177 PD 123177: nonpeptide angiotensin AII-2 inhibitor	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
opc 21268 OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK	1.98	1	0
3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
ginkgolide a [no description available]	2.02	1	0	diterpene lactone
nitroaspirin nitroaspirin: a nitric oxide donor	2.01	1	0	carbonyl compound
lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure	1.98	1	0
matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.06	1	0	gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.	2.04	1	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor antagonist
mozavaptan mozavaptan: aquaretic agent; vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	benzamides	aquaretic
5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid : A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
gr 73632 GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist	1.98	1	0
a 63162 N-hydroxy-N-(1-(4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)-acetamide: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
sk&f 105685 SK&F 105685: an azaspirane; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
sinitrodil sinitrodil: structure in first source	1.98	1	0
enkephalin-leu, arg(6)- [no description available]	3.38	1	1
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available]	2.02	1	0
kadsurenone kadsurenone: platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-isomer	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.41	1	0
lysicamine lysicamine: oxoaporphine alkaloid; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; oxoaporphine alkaloid	metabolite
celastrol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
betulonic acid betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source	2.31	1	0	triterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	5.2	15	0	nitrogen oxoacid
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.42	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine 1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine: structure given in first source. 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)cyclohexyl]piperidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and benzothiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A potent dopamine re-uptake inhibitor with a behavioral profile different from that of phencyclidine (PCP) and similar to that of cocaine.	2.04	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
diadenosine 5',5''''-p1,p6-hexaphosphate diadenosine 5',5''''-P1,P6-hexaphosphate: inhibits the action of ribonuceotide reductase on ADP. P(1),P(6)-bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphate : A diadenosyl hexaphosphate in which the two adenosin-5'-yl groups are attached at the P(1) and P(6) positions.	1.98	1	0	diadenosyl hexaphosphate	vasoconstrictor agent
(3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline: potent agonist at dopamine receptors mediating neuronal inhibition; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in UD indicates phenyl-imino group	2.74	3	0
kf 17837s KF 17837: adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonist; KF17837S is the equilibrium mixture of (E)- and (Z)-isomers	1.99	1	0
c & b metabond Super-bond: an adhesive resin composed of 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META), methylmethacrylates (MMA) and tri-n-butylborane (TBB)	2.02	1	0
cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.	1.98	1	0	benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide	angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.39	2	0
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	3.39	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	2.68	3	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	12.03	74	1	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
benzoylarginine ethyl ester benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	4	0
tak 044 TAK 044: endothelin receptor antagonist	3.79	2	1
bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)- bradykinin, Leu(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2	1	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	3.61	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
bq 610 BQ 610: endothelin A receptor antagonist; endothelin-1 antagonist	2.69	3	0
neurokinin a (4-10), beta-ala(8)- neurokinin A (4-10), beta-Ala(8)-: selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor	2	1	0
pd 145065 PD 145065: a non-selective endothelin(A)/endothelin(B) antagonist	2	1	0
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
zd 7288 ICI D2788: a sinoatrial node modulator; may be of use in treatment of ischaemic heart disease by increasing heart rate without impairing cardiac function	1.99	1	0
nitrosylprotoheme nitrosylprotoheme: from reaction of nitrite & heme; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
n(g)-aminoarginine N(G)-aminoarginine: potent antagonist of L-arginine-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation	4.34	6	0	arginine derivative
1-o-hexadecyl-2-n-methylcarbamol -sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine 1-O-hexadecyl-2-N-methylcarbamol -sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine: PAF analog found in rabbit cornea; induces collagenase expression in corneal epithelial cells	1.99	1	0
2-methylarginine 2-methylarginine: amino acid with antibiotic properties produced by Streptomyces X-11837; RN given refers to (L-Arg)-isomer	2	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	1.98	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.42	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
cgp 361a isamoltane: structure given in first source	2	1	0
n-nitrosoarginine N-nitrosoarginine: may play role in nitric oxide synthesis	1.98	1	0
s 20928 [no description available]	2	1	0
sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
n(g)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide: anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse	1.98	1	0
2-iminobiotin 2-iminobiotin: RN given refers to parent cpd(3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.03	1	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.02	1	0	biphenyls
s 11568 S 11568: S 12968 refers to the (-)-isomer; S 12967 refers to the (+)-isomer	1.97	1	0
omega-n-hydroxymethylarginine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide	2.01	1	0
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
pyrrolomycin c pyrrolomycin C: from Streptomyces strain SF-2080; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
sg 209 SG 209: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS.	2.93	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.1	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
liridine liridine: Antibacterial from Artabotrys crassifolius; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	2.04	1	0	EHNA	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
benzoyl l-arginine methyl ester benzoyl L-arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Arg)-isomer	2.67	3	0
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
diaminoguanidine diaminoguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
n(w)-nitroarginine benzyl ester N(w)-nitroarginine benzyl ester: potent irreversible inhibitor of endothelium dependent relaxation	2.67	3	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl: from Cassia garrettiana; structure given in first source	2	1	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2	1	0	dihydropyridine
4-methoxyhonokiol 4-methoxyhonokiol: an NSAID isolated from Magnolia obovata; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
cyanopindolol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indoles
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	3.5	8	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.08	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	4.36	1	1	pyrrolidines
metabisulfite metabisulfite: see also related Na metabisulfite & K metabisulfite	3.38	1	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
ukrain ukrain: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; semisynthetic product from alkaloids of Chelidonium majus L. & thiophosphoric triaciridide acid	1.99	1	0
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination: protein-free, synthetic surfactant containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol & tyloxapol; used in treatment of respiratory distress syndrome	2	1	0
argininic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
isolariciresinol isolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((1-S-(1alpha,2beta,3alpha))-isomer); structure given in first source. (+)-isolariciresinol : A lignan that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol substituted by hydroxymethyl groups at positions 6 and 7, a methoxy group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.	2.01	1	0	guaiacols; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
gamma-glu-asp gamma-glutamylaspartic acid: found in pig brain	2.01	1	0	dipeptide
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.15	1	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
xanthenone-4-acetic acid xanthenone-4-acetic acid: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
n(5)-hydroxy-l-arginine N(5)-hydroxy-L-arginine: structure	2.39	2	0	hydroxy-L-arginine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
tracheal cytotoxin, bordetella pertussis tracheal cytotoxin, Bordetella pertussis: RN & structure given in first source; a disaccharide-tetrapeptide derivative of the cell wall peptidoglycan layer; attaches to ciliated epithelial cells resulting in their destruction	1.98	1	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl glycopeptide
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)- substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist	2	1	0
u 78518f U 78518F: a member of the lazaroid family of 21-amino steroid derivatives; RN given is for HCl	1.99	1	0
epsilon-n-methyllysine epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.	2.06	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	1.98	1	0
adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	7.42	20	0	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
magnolin magnolin: from flower buds of Magnolia biondii	2.05	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.42	2	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	11.87	92	16	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	7.31	40	3
yomogin yomogin: eudesmane sesquiterpene from Artemisia princeps; inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase production in macrophages; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
dendrophenol dendrophenol: isolated from Dendrobium loddigesii	2.13	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.95	4	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
lu 135252 [no description available]	2	1	0
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	2.02	1	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
thaxtomine a thaxtomine A: a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies; RN given for (3R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
medioresinol medioresinol: has both leishmanicidal and antifungal activities; isolated from Sambucus williamsii; structure in first source. (-)-medioresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis.	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; furofuran; lignan; polyphenol	plant metabolite
dihydroresveratrol dihydroresveratrol: structure in first source. dihydroresveratrol : A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'.	2.43	2	0	stilbenol	plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
spirobrassinin spirobrassinin: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
1-((4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoyl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine 1-((4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoyl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure	3.18	1	0	methylpyridines; pyridoindole	geroprotector
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.99	1	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	5.39	2	2	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
phenoxodiol phenoxodiol: a synthetic derivative of DAIDZEIN	3.4	1	1
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	3.18	1	0
pimaric acid pimaric acid: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.17	1	0	diterpenoid
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol: structure in first source. 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by an allyl group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6 respectively.	2.31	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; phenols; phenylpropanoid
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	4.36	20	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
wortmannin [no description available]	3.88	12	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
lariciresinol lariciresinol: found in human urine. (+)-lariciresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer).	3	4	0	aromatic ether; lignan; oxolanes; phenols; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.98	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
(2S,3R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol [no description available]	2.53	2	0	1-benzofurans; guaiacols; guaiacyl lignin; primary alcohol
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.11	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.38	2	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	1.98	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.11	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	3.09	5	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2	1	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	13.92	143	20	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	5.2	19	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.02	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.02	1	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.69	3	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.76	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	1.99	1	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.78	11	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	1.99	1	0
theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine	geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2.68	3	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	6.94	15	2	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	3.83	11	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	10.67	238	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
trimethyllysine trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.98	1	0	alpha-amino-acid cation	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.02	1	0
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	2.41	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	1.97	1	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2.02	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	1.98	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2.4	2	0
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
aucuparin aucuparin: biphenyl phytoalexin in Sorbus aucuparia cell cultures; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	biphenyls
Pedunculagin pedunculagin: from the walnut (Juglans regia) pellicle	2.25	1	0	tannin
chrysophanol 8-o-glucoside chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside: has anti-hepatitis B virus activity; also has antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities; isolated from Rheum palmatum. chrysophanol 8-O-beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside in which the aglycone species is chrysophanol, the glycosidic linkage being to the hydroxy group at C-8.	2	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monohydroxyanthraquinone
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.21	1	0	indolizines
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.1	1	0
syringaresinol (+)-syringaresinol : The (7alpha,7'alpha,8alpha,8'alpha)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.	2.31	1	0	syringaresinol	antineoplastic agent
yangambin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	lignan
temocaprilat temocaprilat: the diacid of temocapril; active metabolite of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CS-622); RN refers to (2S-(2alpha,6beta(R*))) isomer; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	9.66	34	7	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	4.18	17	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2	1	0	peptide
candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	1.98	1	0
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	1.99	1	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
trispheridine trispheridine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	phenanthridines
temocapril hydrochloride temocapril hydrochloride: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	dipeptide
colforsin daropate colforsin daropate: structure in first source. colforsin daropate : A carboxylic ester resuting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine with the 6-hydroxy group of forskolin. It is an adenylate cyclase activator.	2.03	1	0	acetate ester; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone; diol; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	adenylate cyclase agonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.03	1	0	cyclodextrin
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.99	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	6.61	28	2	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	2.9	4	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	2.7	3	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.29	6	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.4	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.4	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.4	2	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.13	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	4.37	2	2	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.4	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	5.04	5	2	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	3.5	8	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.8	2	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
vinyl-l-nio [no description available]	2.42	2	0
y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.91	4	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
n(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane N(1)-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane: inhibits deoxyhypusine synthase. 2-(7-aminoheptyl)guanidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which the imino hydrogen of guanidine itself has been replaced by a 7-aminoheptyl group. It is an inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase activity (GO:0034038).	3	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.5.1.46 (deoxyhypusine synthase) inhibitor
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	1.99	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.4	1	1	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
arl 17477 [no description available]	2.01	1	0
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	3.32	2	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid, (s)-isomer lycoperodine-1: from Cirsium setosum; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
imidazolidines [no description available]	3.1	5	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	4.55	25	0	actinomycin	mutagen
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	4.07	3	1	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.11	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
8-isopentenylnaringenin 8-isopentenylnaringenin: a non-steroidal phytoestrogen from Anaxagorea luzonensis; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	flavanones
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	1.98	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.68	3	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	1.99	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.13	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	2.43	2	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.23	17	0	isomethyleugenol
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.41	2	0	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	2.69	3	0
picibanil Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.	2	1	0	penicillinate anion
p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde: an antibacterial substance from the saw fly, Acantholyda parki S.; structure in first source. 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde : A cinnamaldehyde that is (E)-cinnamaldehyde substituted at position 4 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group.	2.31	1	0	cinnamaldehydes	apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
ricinoleic acid ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..	1.98	1	0	(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	7.25	23	1	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.01	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	1.97	1	0
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	2.39	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.44	2	0
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;	1.98	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	2.41	2	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	1.99	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sclareolide [no description available]	2.17	1	0	naphthofuran
nootkatone nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).	2.01	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; enone; sesquiterpenoid	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.02	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
cis-resveratrol cis-resveratrol : The cis-stereoisomer of resveratrol.	2.07	1	0	resveratrol
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	5.62	18	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	2.31	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	2.4	2	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	5.45	20	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.06	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.72	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	2	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	3.42	7	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
n(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine N(6)-acetimidoyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by an acetimidoyl group	2.41	2	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist	3.71	10	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	3.1	5	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	4.39	21	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.47	2	0
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.	2.04	1	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	5.81	6	4	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	1.99	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.41	2	0	nitrogen oxide
burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.	1.98	1	0	imidazoles
bn 50730 BN 50730: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
aprikalim [no description available]	2.38	2	0
7-deacetylgedunin 7-deacetylgedunin : A limonoid that is the 7-deacetyl derivative of gedunin. It has been isolated from Azadirachta indica.	3.51	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; delta-lactone; enone; epoxide; furans; limonoid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; metabolite; plant metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	3.49	8	0
amibegron [no description available]	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	2	1	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	3.09	5	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine
ha 1100 HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist	2.52	2	0
sc 52608 SC 52608: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; a synthetic Mn-based macrocyclic compound; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.4	2	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	2.39	2	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	2	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.25	6	0
tissue plasminogen activator [no description available]	3.24	6	0	alpha-amino acid
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	1.98	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.4	2	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.9	4	0	quinoxaline derivative
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.9	4	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone: metabolite of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophe (benzophenone-3)	2.02	1	0	benzophenones
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.23	6	0
4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid 4-(5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid: structure in first source	3.18	1	0
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.91	4	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	3.09	5	0
tcn 201 [no description available]	3.18	1	0
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.01	1	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
ginkgetin ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.	2	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
calceolarioside b calceorioside B: a cardioprotective agent isolated from Akebia; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.44	2	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	2.95	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	7.63	79	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.44	42	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.39	2	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	1.99	1	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	3.24	6	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	6.64	20	1	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.53	2	0	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
feruloyltyramine feruloyltyramine: structure given in first source; isolated from Cannabis sativa seeds, roots, leaves, and resin; induces hypothermia and motor incoordination in mice; moupinamide is (E)-isomer	2.54	2	0	tyramines	metabolite
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2	1	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
quercetin 3-o-methyl ether quercetin 3-O-methyl ether: from Rhamnus species; structure in first source. 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone : A tetrahydroxyflavone having the 4-hydroxy groups located at the 3'- 4'- 5- and 7-positions as well as a methoxy group at the 2-position.	2.04	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	1.99	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.78	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.15	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.48	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.71	3	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	6.82	24	3	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	1.98	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.4	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	5.09	10	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.68	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.39	1	1	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	2.03	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
costunolide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	germacranolide; heterobicyclic compound	anthelminthic drug; antiinfective agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; antiviral drug; metabolite
eupatolide eupatolide: sesquiterpene lactone from Eupatorium formasanum HAY; structure. eupatolide : A germacranolide with formula C15H20O3, isolated from several Inula species. It exhibits anti-cancer properties.	2.31	1	0	gamma-lactone; germacranolide; homoallylic alcohol; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.4	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	3.79	2	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
isorhapontin isorhapontin: from spruce (Picea); structure in first source	2	1	0	glycoside; stilbenoid
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.92	4	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	5.2	13	0	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	3.4	1	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
tectochrysin tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.	2.01	1	0	monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antidiarrhoeal drug; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.51	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
geranylgeranylacetone geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).	2.4	2	0
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.01	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.03	1	0	stilbenoid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.71	3	0	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.	2.01	1	0	organoammonium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid: toxic metabolite of leukocytes; causes cardiac failure in dogs; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.9	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid
arbaprostil Arbaprostil: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.	1.98	1	0	prostanoid
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.	1.98	1	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug; radiation protective agent
2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha: formed from 6-keto-PGF1alpha by Mycobacterium rhodochrous; RN given refers to (1R-(1alph,2beta(1E,3S*)))-isomer; structure given in first source. 2,3-dinor-6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin F1alpha lacking two methylenes in the carboxyalkyl chain and bearing an oxo group at the 6-position.	3.39	1	1	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	5.08	10	1	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.25	6	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.94	4	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.01	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	4.19	17	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	2.01	1	0
atosiban [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oligopeptide
bibp 3226 BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer	2.02	1	0
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer	2.4	2	0
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	4.29	4	1	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	2.68	3	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.9	4	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	3.25	6	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.99	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.02	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.68	3	0
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	3.53	8	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
u 44069 U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic	1.98	1	0	prostanoid
thromboxane a2, carbocyclic carbocyclic thromboxane A2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes that is thromboxane A2 in which the bridging oxygen has been replaced by a methylene group.	2.92	1	0
sq 30741 SQ 30741: antithrombotic; structure given in first source; thromboxane A2 antagonist	3.36	1	1
spirapril spirapril: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; dithioketal; ethyl ester; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	3.38	7	0
bilobetin bilobetin: a phospholipase A2 antagonist	2	1	0	flavonoid oligomer
Cudraflavone A [no description available]	2.03	1	0	extended flavonoid
desoxyrhaponticin [no description available]	2	1	0	glycoside; stilbenoid
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside: from apple (Malus domestica) leaves; structure in first source. afzelin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.04	1	0	glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
isorhapontigenin isorhapontigenin: isolated from the seeds of Aiphanes aculeata Willd. (Arecaceae); structure in first source	2	1	0	stilbenoid
kaempferol 3-o-neohesperidoside kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside: isolated from Daphniphyllum calycinum; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	2.51	2	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
methyl-p-coumarate methyl-p-coumarate: structure in first source. 4-coumaric acid methyl ester : A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 4-coumaric acid.	2.31	1	0	4-coumaric acid methyl ester
1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone 2-methyl-1,3,6-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone: anthraquinone derivative. 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 6 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.	2.01	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	plant metabolite
cudraflavone c cudraflavone C: a tyrosinase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity; isolated from Artocarpus integer; structure in first source. cudraflavone C : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 2' and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3 and 6. Isolated from Morus nigra, it exhibits antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.	2.03	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
rhapontigenin rhapontigenin: structure in first source	2	1	0	stilbenoid
erbstatin erbstatin: from actinomycetes; an inhibitor of EGF-receptor kinase & other protein-tyrosine kinases; structure in first source	2.4	2	0
ag 127 AG 127: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.06	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
su 11248 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-n-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-propenamide 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-propenamide: found in high concentration in Spinacia oleracea following administration of diphenyl ether herbicides; structure in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.31	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.46	2	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.11	1	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	1.98	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	5.01	40	0
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	1.99	1	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.39	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	1.98	1	0	alkali metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	1.98	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.4	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.9	4	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	1.99	1	0	phenanthrenes
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.63	6	1	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	5.04	5	2	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	1.98	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	1.97	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
geldanamycin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
puerarin [no description available]	2.31	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
4,3',5'-tri-o-methylpiceatannol [no description available]	2	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene (E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source	2	1	0
3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene 3,4',5-trimethoxystilbene: structure in first source	2	1	0
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	6.16	7	5	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
artocarpin lectin artocarpin lectin: a mannose-specific lectin; from the seeds of Artocarpus integrifolia; a homotetramic protein distinct from jacalin, another jackfruit lectin; MW 65 kDa; devoid of covalently-attached carbohydrates; consists of 4 isolectins with pI 5 - 6.5; do not confuse with artocarpin flavone. artocarpin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2', and 4', a methoxy group at position 7, a prenyl group at position 3 and a (1E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl group at position 6. Isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integrifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.03	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	3.46	1	1	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	4.9	8	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	5.64	10	2	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	1.98	1	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
trandolaprilat trandolaprilat: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; RN 87679-71-8 refers to trandolaprilat. trandolaprilat : A heterobicyclic compound that is trandolapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of the prodrug trandolapril.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.71	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.04	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.39	2	0
n-methylnaloxone N-methylnaloxone: quaternary derivative of naloxone	2.05	1	0
gr 94800 GR 94800: a selective NK2 heptapeptide antagonist	2	1	0
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.46	1	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.01	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe	2.01	1	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.45	2	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2	1	0	naphthalenes
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	1.99	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2.41	2	0
3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene 4'-methoxyresveratrol: has anti-inflammatory effects in cell culture model	2	1	0
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	2.41	2	0	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	4.34	20	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
sibiricose a6 sibiricose A6: isolated from root bark of Polygala tenuifolia; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.01	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	4.17	6	0	organic anion
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.03	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
fk 409 FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus	3.25	6	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	4.07	15	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2.41	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
hygromycin a hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B	2.01	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
bongkrekic acid Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.	2.02	1	0	ether; olefinic compound; tricarboxylic acid	apoptosis inhibitor; ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; toxin
cilastatin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.03	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
falcarindiol falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
herbimycin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
myxothiazol myxothiazol: strobilurin analogue; methoxyacrylamide derivative; antifungal antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus; structure given in first source. myxothiazol : A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.	2.01	1	0
ly 53857 LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer	2.39	2	0
sphingosine phosphorylcholine sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent	2	1	0
concanamycin a concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; concanamycin	antifungal agent; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite
1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)-4-(beta)(2-(di-n-butylamino)-6-naphthylvinyl)pyridinium betaine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
tmk 777 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
pyracrenic acid pyracrenic acid: a lupane from bark of Pyracantha crenulata; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
feruloyltyramine, (z)-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available]	2	1	0
methyl chlorogenate methyl chlorogenate: from Eriobotrya japonica; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	quinic acid
beta-escin [no description available]	2.68	3	0
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	3.41	7	0
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	5.72	82	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
ro 25-6981 Ro 25-6981: blocks NMDA receptors containg NR2B subunit; structure in first source. Ro 25-6981 : A member of the class of piperidines that is 4-benzylpiperidine substituted by a 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group at position 1 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a potent antagonist of the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.	3.18	1	0	benzenes; phenols; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
lactacystin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.39	2	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.39	2	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	3.79	11	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,n(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate 8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1,N(2)-ethenoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: RN refers to (S)-isomer; protein kinase G inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
hexarelin hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6	2.41	2	0
corosolic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.69	10	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	1.97	1	0
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	1.98	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	2.91	4	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
gw 274150 [no description available]	2	1	0
l 745337 L 745337: a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2	1.99	1	0
8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).	1.99	1	0
sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist	2.4	2	0
kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.78	2	1	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
o-demethyltramadol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
brl 37344 BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.11	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.38	2	0	organic molecular entity
morachalcone a morachalcone A: tyrosinase inhibitor from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	chalcones
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.13	16	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
k 7174 K 7174: inhibits binding of monocytes to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
t 1032 T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source	2	1	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.91	4	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
2-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide 2-((aminocarbonyl)amino)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide: an IKK-2 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	aromatic amide; thiophenes
sr 144190 SR 144190: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
spr 210 SPR 210: structure given in first source	2	1	0
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2	1	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A	2	1	0
methyl 3,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinate 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester: results suggest that the effect of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic esters on CHS is associated with a decrease in the production of interleukins, but not with the inhibition of iNOS expression. Moreover, esterification of the carboxyl group at C-1 enhanced protection against tyrosine nitration in the skin. methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid with methanol. Isolated from Suaeda glauca and Dichrocephala bicolor, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.08	1	0
kaempferol 7-o-glucoside kaempferol 7-O-glucoside: structure in first source. kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
betulin-3-caffeate betulin-3-caffeate: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Hibiscus syriacus; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	5.94	13	0
m 40403 imisopasem manganese: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
magnosalin magnosalin: from crude Japanese drug Shin-i; inhibits adjuvant-induced angiogenesis & granuloma formation in the mouse pouch; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	lignan
(+)-lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (+)-lyoniresinol-3-alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A lignan that is (+)-lyoniresinol substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the root barks of Stemmadenia minima and Lycium chinense, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dimethoxybenzene; lignan; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; primary alcohol; tetralins	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; metabolite
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	5.06	41	0
pramanicin pramanicin: structure in first source	2	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; enone
apicularen b apicularen B: isolated from Chondromyces; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
4,5-diaminofluorescein 4,5-diaminofluorescein: structure in first source	2.7	3	0
apicularen a apicularen A: isolated from Chondromyces; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.4	2	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	3.7	10	0
syringaresinol, (1r-(1alpha, 3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer (-)-syringaresinol : The (7beta,7'beta,8beta,8'beta)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.	2.49	2	0	syringaresinol
lyoniresinol lyoniresinol: isoalted from the vine stem of Bauhinia championii; structure in first source. (+)-lyoniresinol : A lignan that is tetralin substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy group at position 4, hydroxymethyl groups at positions 2 and 3, methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6. Isolated from Machilus robusta and Sinocalamus affinis, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.06	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol; tetralins	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	5	7	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	7.27	71	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
perferryl iron [no description available]	2	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	7.34	23	2
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid alphitolic acid: from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala; structure in first source. 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
(-)-pinoresinol (-)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (-)-1R,3aS,4R,6aS-configuration.	2.53	2	0	pinoresinol	plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.71	3	0
aminoethyl-isothiourea aminoethyl-isothiourea: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and oxygen radical scavenger	2	1	0
Mangiferonic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	triterpenoid
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.02	1	0
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein: nonfluorescent, reduced form of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein	2.01	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.99	1	0
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	6.5	17	3
s-nitrosohomocysteine S-nitrosohomocysteine: in contrast to homocysteine, the nitroso cpd does not support hydrogen peroxide generation & does not lead to endothelial dysfunction	2.03	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	3.24	6	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tin mesoporphyrin tin mesoporphyrin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/88	1.99	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	2.67	3	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	4.47	5	1
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.4	2	0
somatostatin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	8.49	32	5	polypeptide
cys(11)-cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21) Cys(11)-Cys(15)-endothelin-1 (11-21): antagonist of endothelin B receptor	2.38	2	0
gr 82334 GR 82334: tachykinin NK-1 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
thrombin receptor peptide (42-55) thrombin receptor peptide (42-55): tethered ligand exposed by cleavage of platelet thrombin receptor by thrombin, activates platelets and induces platelet activation; amino acid sequence given in first source; do not confuse with other TRAP (CD40L, MtrB, TRAP protocol, or thrombospondin related anonymous protein)	1.98	1	0
nociceptin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	3.78	2	1
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	2	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4.49	5	1	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	1.98	1	0
sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues	2	1	0
thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity	2.1	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	2.92	4	0
pancreastatin pancreastatin: A 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A that inhibits insulin secretion; amino acid sequence given in first source; the 49-amino acid peptide is from pig; human pancreastatin has 52 amino acids (hCgA 250-310) ; see also record for human pancreastatin	2.42	2	0
ularitide Ularitide: a 32-amino acid peptide derived from (95-126 residues) of ANP PROHORMONE (1-126 residues); not biologically inactivated by a peptidase from dog kidney cortex membranes	2.02	1	0
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	2.91	4	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.92	4	0
ac 187 [no description available]	2	1	0
bq 3020 [no description available]	2	1	0
irl 1620 sovateltide: a potent, specific ligand for the endothelin-B receptor	3.23	6	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.25	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.01	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	4.69	3	2
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.43	1	1
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	3.4	1	1
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	3.4	7	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	11.13	65	9
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.01	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2.38	2	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
dihydroceramide dihydroceramide: lacks the 4-5 trans double bond of the sphingosine moiety of ceramides; structure in first source. N-acylsphinganine : A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.. dihydroceramide : An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.	1.99	1	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.03	1	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	3.4	1	1
cassiarin a cassiarin A: isolated from the leaves of Cassia siamea; structure in first source. cassiarin A : An isoquinoline alkaloid that is pyrano[2,3,4-ij]isoquinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8 and methyl groups at positions 2 and 5. It is isolated from the leaves of Cassia siamea and exhibits antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.	2.05	1	0
cilastatin, imipenem drug combination Cilastatin, Imipenem Drug Combination: Combination of imipenem and cilastatin that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections; cilastatin inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I to prolong the half-life and increase the tissue penetration of imipenem, enhancing its efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent.	1.98	1	0
s-nitrosopenicillamine S-nitrosopenicillamine: activates bovine coronary arterial & rat hepatic soluble guanylate cyclase	2	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	1.99	1	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	1.99	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	1.98	1	0
dictyoceratin-c dictyoceratin-C: from the marine species Spongia sp.; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	2	1	0
septide [no description available]	1.99	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	3.62	3	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	4.89	35	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.94	13	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	3.69	10	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
cgp 31362 CGP 31362: a synthetic analog of a lipoprotein fragment from the outer wall of gram negative bacteria; RN given refers to the Na-salt; RN for parent compound not available 5/91	1.98	1	0
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.01	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.72	3	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pervanadate pervanadate: from a mixture of orthovanadate and hydrogen peroxide	1.99	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	6.1	9	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.69	3	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
guanidinosuccinic acid guanidinosuccinic acid: a metabolite in uremia; metabolic product of amino acid metabolism; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-amidino-L-aspartate(1-) : Conjugate base of N-amidino-L-aspartate arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the guanidino group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.1	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid anion
epi-maslinic acid epi-maslinic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is 3alpha-hydroxy epimer of maslinic acid. Isolated from Prunella vulgaris and Isodon japonicus, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl acetic acid (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
glycolipids [no description available]	2.39	2	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	5.87	23	0
ly2811376 [no description available]	3.18	1	0
multiflorin a multiflorin A: isolated from Arthromeris mairei	2.04	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
endothelins [no description available]	2.04	1	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	2.1	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	4.02	14	0
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	1.98	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	3.91	2	1
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	4.34	20	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	6.26	7	2	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	3.7	10	0
leukotoxin leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate	2.9	4	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	1.99	1	0
tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.	1.98	1	0	peptide
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	13.2	55	16	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.41	2	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.69	3	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
teriflunomide [no description available]	2.41	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate: RN given refers to the potassium salt	2.01	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.69	3	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-phe(6)-leu(17)- vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-: VIP receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	3.61	9	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	4.59	26	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	3.39	1	1
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.06	1	0	ketal
tcv 309 TCV 309: PAF antagonist	1.99	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2	1	0
rusalatide acetate rusalatide acetate: peptide sequence: AGYKPDEGKRGDACEGDSGGPFV	2.05	1	0
neuropeptide y (18-36) neuropeptide Y (18-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	2.02	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.4	2	0
glutaminase [no description available]	2.39	2	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	2.42	2	0
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	2.69	3	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.99	1	0
handelin handelin: Chinese drug isolated from flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	sesterterpenoid
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	5.68	7	3	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2	1	0
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	5.45	8	2
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	1.98	1	0
nor 4 NOR 4: a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing agent	2	1	0
copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate) copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate): copper is intricate part of molecule; not copper salt; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methylethyl moieties	2.01	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	1.99	1	0
refludan lepirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.	2.03	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.02	15	2
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	1.99	1	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	2	1	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	2.02	1	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	4.06	3	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.93	4	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.42	2	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.06	1	0
protopanaxatriol protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	1.98	1	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	10.59	360	3	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase	2.92	4	0	sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.4	2	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.68	3	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanine [no description available]	4.45	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	9.33	34	2	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	5.23	4	3	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	1.99	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	1.98	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	3.78	11	0	triazolopyrimidines
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	7.35	23	2	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels	2.41	2	0
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine 2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	4.02	14	0
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.67	3	0	hydroxypyrimidine
noc 18 NOC 18: releases nitric oxide; structure in first source	3.11	5	0
omega-n-allylarginine omega-N-allylarginine: inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.4	2	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	7.81	8	4	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	2.03	1	0
tetrahydroneopterin [no description available]	2.92	1	0	biopterins
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	6.27	47	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.08	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.39	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate: a signal for protein S-guanylation; structure in first source. 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in which the hydrogen at position 8 on the purine fragment has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.47	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; C-nitro compound	biomarker; Brassica napus metabolite; human metabolite; signalling molecule
aplysinopsin aplysinopsin: antineoplastic tryptophan deriv from Verongia spengetii (marine sponge); structure	2	1	0
noc 9 NOC 9: nitrogen oxide releaser	2.42	2	0
ns 309 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime: activates IK and SK calcium-activated channels; structure in first source	3.44	1	1
papa nonoate [no description available]	2	1	0	alkylamine
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG	2	1	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
defibrotide defibrotide: Single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide extracted from mammalian organs and used in the treatment of HEPATIC VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE in patients with kidney or lung abnormalities following HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION	2.39	2	0
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	3.93	13	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	1.98	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	1.98	1	0
eye [no description available]	5.55	6	3
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	6.08	39	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	6.49	9	2
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.68	3	0
res 701-1 RES 701-1: a cyclic polypeptide consisting of 16 amino acids; isolated from Streptomyces sp RE-701; amino acid sequence given in first source; an ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist	2.06	1	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.03	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	9.54	152	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	8.42	24	2
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	0	2.71	3	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	0	2.05	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	3.53	8	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	1	5.53	8	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	5	9	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	5	9	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.74	3	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	0	3.77	3	0
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	3.87	4	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	0	3	1	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	0	3	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	3	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	0	3.77	3	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	5.58	17	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	5.58	17	1
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	2.13	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	3.93	13	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	14.39	58	17
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	14.39	58	17
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	0	2.25	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	10.09	92	2
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	1	12.09	92	2
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	9.6	21	8
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	5.16	3	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	5.16	3	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	0	5.14	5	2
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	0	5.14	5	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	8.75	105	1
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	2.99	4	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	2.45	2	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	2.99	4	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	4.75	11	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate.	0	2.6	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	9.32	23	2
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	0	2.45	2	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	7.41	6	3
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.97	2	1
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	7.41	6	3
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	0	3.97	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.3	6	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.3	6	0
Nearsightedness [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	0	2.6	1	0
Acne [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	2.25	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	2.44	2	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	0	2.31	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	4.54	5	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	6.51	17	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	6.51	17	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	4.54	5	1
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	0	2.75	3	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	0	2.15	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	0	2.15	1	0
Neurally Mediated Faint [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	0	6.67	4	3
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	7.17	34	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	7.17	34	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	10.12	41	5
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	10.12	41	5
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	7.38	68	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	7.01	5	2
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	0	7.01	5	2
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	10.67	58	9
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	10.67	58	9
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	10.75	59	4
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	0	2.52	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	11.88	45	17
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	10.91	37	7
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	11.88	45	17
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	10.91	37	7
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Infarct [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	7.01	29	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	7.01	29	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	0	2.53	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	17.91	191	40
Masked Hypertension Phenomenon where increased BLOOD PRESSURE readings taken in non-clinical settings (e.g., HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING) do not replicate in clinical settings.	0	2.25	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	17.91	191	40
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	4.95	4	2
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	14.33	90	10
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	14.33	90	10
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	0	3.1	5	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	4.63	10	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	4.63	10	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	7.19	13	3
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	0	7.19	13	3
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	10.14	172	5
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	7.47	26	2
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	4.92	36	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.91	4	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	13.85	36	15
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	13.85	36	15
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	0	3.85	2	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	3.51	8	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	3.51	8	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	3.6	9	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	2.1	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	3.6	9	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	0	2.43	2	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	0	3.25	6	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	0	4.68	28	0
Asystole [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	0	2.1	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	8.3	38	1
Brain Swelling [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	0	2.1	1	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	0	2.44	2	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	2.1	1	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	0	2.11	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	3.1	5	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	4.19	17	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	3.87	12	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.39	7	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	4.19	17	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	3.87	12	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	5.4	14	1
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	5.4	14	1
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	0	3.79	11	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	5.56	10	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	0	3.79	11	0
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	0	2.11	1	0
Extranodal NK-T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	9.04	32	3
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	9.04	32	3
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	0	2.45	2	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.71	3	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.71	3	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	0	8.08	34	8
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	0	8.08	34	8
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	0	2.43	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	4.33	4	1
CADASILM A subvariety of CADASIL characterized by the high frequency of MIGRAINE. The acronym stands for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts, Leukoencephalopathy, and Migraine.	0	3.06	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	3.62	3	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	3.62	3	0
CADASIL A familial, cerebral arteriopathy mapped to chromosome 19q12, and characterized by the presence of granular deposits in small CEREBRAL ARTERIES producing ischemic STROKE; PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY; and multiple subcortical infarcts (CEREBRAL INFARCTION). CADASIL is an acronym for Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. CADASIL differs from BINSWANGER DISEASE by the presence of MIGRAINE WITH AURA and usually by the lack of history of arterial HYPERTENSION. (From Bradley et al, Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2000, p1146)	0	3.06	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	3.87	12	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	0	3.87	12	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	0	3.06	1	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	0	2.15	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	5.83	8	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	8.2	13	2
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	8.2	13	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	2.71	3	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	5.34	8	0
Diathesis [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Ache [description not available]	0	5	15	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	5	15	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	0	2.04	1	0
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	0	5.58	3	2
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	13.82	86	7
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	13.82	86	7
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	0	2.43	2	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	2.03	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	0	5.82	6	4
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	0	6.74	6	4
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	0	6.74	6	4
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	7.18	13	3
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	7.18	13	3
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	0	2.42	2	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	4.75	4	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	3.43	1	1
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	7.32	9	5
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	3.43	1	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	6.74	7	2
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	6.25	13	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	1	8.74	7	2
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	3.82	4	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	0	6.25	13	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	5.26	4	3
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	5.26	4	3
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	4.5	5	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	0	4.5	5	1
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	11.08	16	10
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	7.38	6	2
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	0	7.38	6	2
Precordial Catch [description not available]	0	6.85	4	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	0	8.5	26	0
Angina Pectoris with Normal Coronary Arteriogram [description not available]	0	8.57	6	1
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	0	6.85	4	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	0	8.5	26	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	4.1	3	1
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	4.1	3	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	4.42	8	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	3.52	8	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	3.52	8	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	0	2.44	2	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	3.11	5	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	2.05	1	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	0	4.01	14	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	0	2.71	3	0
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	0	2.05	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	9.37	34	4
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.05	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	4.08	15	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	0	2.05	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	3.11	5	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	1	9.02	18	1
Hay Fever [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	0	2.05	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	0	2.05	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	4.66	3	2
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	4.66	3	2
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	3.46	1	1
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	0	2.05	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	5	9	1
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	3.11	5	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	0	5	9	1
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	2.06	1	0
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	0	2.05	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	15.68	79	47
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	15.68	79	47
Black Fever [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	0	2.43	2	0
Capillary Leak Syndrome A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.	0	2.46	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	0	4.87	4	2
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	0	4.87	4	2
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	2.44	2	0
Pre-Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	3.11	5	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.06	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	3.11	5	0
Atheroma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Genital Tract Infections [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	0	2.93	4	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	6.29	8	1
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	2.42	2	0
Severe Dengue A virulent form of dengue characterized by THROMBOCYTOPENIA and an increase in vascular permeability (grades I and II) and distinguished by a positive pain test (e.g., TOURNIQUET PAIN TEST). When accompanied by SHOCK (grades III and IV), it is called dengue shock syndrome.	0	2.07	1	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	0	3.83	2	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	0	2.07	1	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	0	2.99	1	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	0	2.99	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	7.76	12	2
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	7.76	12	2
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	4.39	1	1
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	0	4.39	1	1
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome A syndrome of ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE combined with excessive upright TACHYCARDIA, and usually without associated ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. All variants have in common an excessively reduced venous return to the heart (central HYPOVOLEMIA) while upright.	0	4.39	1	1
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	0	4.5	5	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	0	4.5	5	1
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	3.84	2	1
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	0	2.08	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	5.47	15	1
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	2.08	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	3.84	2	1
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	0	2.08	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	0	4.89	4	2
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	2.08	1	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.08	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	2.01	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	3.8	2	1
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	3.8	2	1
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	2.41	2	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2.41	2	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	0	2.01	1	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	0	2.9	4	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	3.69	10	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	2.9	4	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	3.69	10	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	3.24	6	0
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available]	0	4.36	2	2
Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).	0	4.36	2	2
Injuries, Teeth [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	3.1	5	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	0	2.69	3	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	3.5	8	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	0	2.01	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	11.93	31	9
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	11.93	31	9
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	6.83	8	2
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	0	2.01	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	2.69	3	0
Infection [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	3.09	5	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.93	4	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	0	3.1	5	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Asialia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	0	2.01	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	2.01	1	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	0	5.68	7	1
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	0	5.68	7	1
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	0	2.01	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	0	2.69	3	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	3.49	8	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	0	2.42	2	0
Benign Mastocytoma [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	4.64	3	2
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	3.1	5	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	0	2.42	2	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	5.91	9	1
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	0	2.92	4	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	2.01	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	0	2.01	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	3.4	1	1
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	2.01	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	0	2.42	2	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	3.1	5	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	0	2.01	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1	8.27	8	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	6.96	14	6
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	6.96	14	6
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	10.63	31	1
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	0	3.49	8	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	4.13	16	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	3.6	3	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
MODS [description not available]	0	8.02	8	4
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	0	8.02	8	4
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	0	2.42	2	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	5.08	10	1
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	0	3.4	1	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	2.02	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	0	5.9	9	1
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Allergic Angiitis [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	0	5.9	9	1
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	0	3.4	1	1
Churg-Strauss Syndrome Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.	0	3.4	1	1
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	4.09	3	1
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	0	4.09	3	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	2.4	2	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	2.41	2	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	3.81	2	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	3.81	2	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	2.69	3	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	0	2.43	2	0
Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.	0	2.02	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.71	3	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	2.43	2	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	0	2.02	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	3.09	5	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	3.09	5	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	3.5	8	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	4.98	9	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	0	4.41	8	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	4.98	9	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	6.31	14	1
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	6.31	14	1
Infection, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection A nontuberculous infection when occurring in humans. It is characterized by pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis in children, and systemic disease in AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of birds and swine results in tuberculosis.	0	2.7	3	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	5.24	4	1
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	5.24	4	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	4.86	4	2
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	1	6.86	4	2
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	4.08	3	1
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	4.08	3	1
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.43	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.02	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	0	2.02	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	3.6	9	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	4.85	13	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	4.85	13	0
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	2.02	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	0	2.69	3	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	0	3.41	1	1
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	3.79	2	1
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	0	2.03	1	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	4	5	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	0	4	5	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	0	5.8	8	3
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	0	5.8	8	3
Palsy [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	0	2.41	2	0
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	0	2.7	3	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	0	2.02	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	3.41	1	1
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	0	2.03	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	3.38	7	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to CATTLE recently transported. The major agent responsible for the disease is MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA and less commonly, PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA or HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS. All three agents are normal inhabitants of the bovine nasal pharyngeal mucosa but not the LUNG. They are considered opportunistic pathogens following STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL and/or a viral infection. The resulting bacterial fibrinous BRONCHOPNEUMONIA is often fatal.	0	2.41	2	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	2.7	3	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	0	3.81	2	1
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	3.1	5	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	2.03	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	0	2.03	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	3.1	5	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	2.41	2	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.7	3	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	0	2.03	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.25	6	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	3.25	6	0
Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.	0	2.03	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	0	4.64	6	1
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	2.03	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	3.33	2	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	0	2.03	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	2.03	1	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	0	2.03	1	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	0	2.03	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	2.69	3	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	0	2.03	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	4.76	7	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	4.76	7	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	2.04	1	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	0	2.04	1	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	2.42	2	0
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	0	2.04	1	0
Autonomic Failure, Progressive [description not available]	0	9.65	9	9
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	0	1.98	1	0
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.	0	2.39	2	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	0	3.37	7	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	2.4	2	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	2.67	3	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	3.6	3	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	4.61	10	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	2.9	4	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	4.61	10	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	0	4.29	7	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	2.68	3	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	0	4.29	7	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.68	3	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.9	4	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	0	3.08	5	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	2.39	2	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	0	3.24	6	0
Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.	0	2.9	4	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.37	7	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	3.37	7	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	2.68	3	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	1.98	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	0	1.98	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.39	2	0
Allergic Neuritis, Experimental [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	0	4.47	5	1
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	0	3.82	4	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	0	4.47	5	1
Cardiac Output, High A state of elevated cardiac output due to conditions of either increased hemodynamic demand or reduced cardiac oxygen output. These conditions may include ANEMIA; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; THYROTOXICOSIS; PREGNANCY; EXERCISE; FEVER; and HYPOXIA. In time, compensatory changes of the heart can lead to pathological form of high cardiac output and eventual HEART FAILURE.	0	3.77	2	1
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.4	2	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	0	1.98	1	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	0	1.98	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	0	2.39	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	0	2.91	4	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	0	1.98	1	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	0	1.98	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	0	1.98	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.98	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	3.78	2	1
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	2.91	4	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	1.98	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	0	2.68	3	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	3.49	8	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	0	2.68	3	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	1.98	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	2.38	2	0
Ectromelia, Infectious A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.	0	1.98	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	2.9	4	0
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).	0	1.98	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	0	3.6	3	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	1.98	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	0	2.39	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	1.98	1	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	0	1.98	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	0	1.98	1	0
Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	1.98	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	3.78	2	1
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	0	2.38	2	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	1.98	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	2.9	4	0
Encephalitozoonosis Infection with FUNGI of the genus ENCEPHALITOZOON. Lesions commonly occur in the BRAIN and KIDNEY tubules. Other sites of infection in MAMMALS are the LIVER; ADRENAL GLANDS; OPTIC NERVES; RETINA; and MYOCARDIUM.	0	1.98	1	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	1.98	1	0
AIDS, Simian [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Microspora [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	0	2.9	4	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	1.98	1	0
Infections, Rickettsia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.38	2	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.38	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	2.39	2	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	3.36	7	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	3.36	7	0
Cerebral Malaria [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.39	2	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	0	2.68	3	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	0	1.98	1	0
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	0	2.39	2	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	1.98	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	2.39	2	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	1.98	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	4.07	3	1
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	2.4	2	0
Carditis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	0	1.99	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	1.99	1	0
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	0	2.39	2	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	2.39	2	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	0	2.91	4	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	0	2.69	3	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	0	1.99	1	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	0	1.99	1	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	0	1.99	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.4	2	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	1.99	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	2.68	3	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	2.68	3	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.91	4	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	2.91	4	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	0	1.99	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	3.32	2	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	0	1.99	1	0
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	0	1.99	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	0	1.98	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	0	1.99	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	1.99	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	1.99	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	1.99	1	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	0	1.99	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	1.99	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	0	1.99	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	1.99	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	0	2.4	2	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	0	1.99	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	3.38	1	1
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	2.4	2	0
Lassitude [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	1.99	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	1.99	1	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	0	1.99	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	2.68	3	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2.9	4	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	2.4	2	0
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	0	1.99	1	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	0	1.99	1	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	0	1.99	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	3.6	3	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	0	1.99	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	1.99	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	1.99	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	1.99	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	3.32	2	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	3.32	2	0
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Adrenoleukodystrophy An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).	0	1.99	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Actinomycetales Infections Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.	0	1.99	1	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	1.99	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	1	4.4	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	3.79	2	1
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	1.99	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	1.99	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	2.4	2	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	0	2.4	2	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	0	2.4	2	0
Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral Infections of the BRAIN caused by the protozoan TOXOPLASMA gondii that primarily arise in individuals with IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES (see also AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include SEIZURES, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)	0	2.4	2	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	0	2.41	2	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	0	2.41	2	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	0	1.99	1	0
Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM.	0	1.99	1	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	0	1.99	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Headache, Tension [description not available]	0	6.32	5	3
Impotence [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	0	2	1	0
Tension-Type Headache A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	6.32	5	3
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	1.99	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	0	1.99	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	2	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	0	2	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	0	2	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	2	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	0	2	1	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2	1	0
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)	0	2	1	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	0	2	1	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	2	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	2	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	2	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	0	2	1	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	0	3.79	2	1
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	0	2	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	2.41	2	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	2.41	2	0
Encephalitis, Japanese B [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Encephalitis, Japanese A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)	0	2.41	2	0
Hairy Cell Leukemia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Leukemia, Hairy Cell A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.	0	2	1	0
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	0	2	1	0
Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	0	2	1	0
ACL Injuries [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	2	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	3.39	1	1
Fibroid [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	2.92	1	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	0	2	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	0	2	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	0	2	1	0
Hypocapnia Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	2	1	0
Tuberculoma A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.	0	2	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	0	2	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	2	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	2	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	2	1	0
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hepato-Pulmonary Syndrome [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	0	2	1	0
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	2.92	1	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	0	2.92	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	2	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	0	2	1	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	2.41	2	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	0	2	1	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	0	2	1	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	0	2	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Cephalgia Syndromes [description not available]	0	2.92	1	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	2.92	1	0
Headache Disorders Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.92	1	0
Moniliasis, Oral [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Candidiasis, Oral Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2	1	0
Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Bonnevie-Ullrich Syndrome This syndrome that was originally observed by Ullrich, and designated as identical to TURNER SYNDROME, related the webbing of the neck, loose skin and other anomalies of the syndrome to accumulation of fluid in the embryo starting at the head and dispersing to the extremities (as observed by Bonnevie in mice). Commonly observed at birth in Turner Syndrome and NOONAN SYNDROME; EDEMA of the extremities usually recedes by one year and is an early sign of Turner syndrome, especially in female neonates.	0	2.01	1	0
Turner Syndrome A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.	0	2.01	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	2.01	1	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	0	1.98	1	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	0	1.98	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	0	1.98	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	1.98	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	0	1.98	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	0	1.98	1	0

Intervention	Giga cells per Liter (Mean)
	Platelet count, Day 42, n=2, 2	Platelet count, Day 59, n=2, 3	Leukocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Leukocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Basophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Basophils, Day 59, n=2, 3	Eosinophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Eosinophils, Day 59, n=2, 3	Lymphocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Lymphocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Monocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Monocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Neutrophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Neutrophils, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	4.5	-6.0	1.00	0.25	0.000	-0.010	0.005	-0.050	0.115	-0.375	0.015	0.015	0.850	0.665
Darbepoetin Alfa	-51.0	-26.3	0.65	0.90	0.015	-0.007	0.015	-0.010	-0.040	-0.003	0.020	-0.043	0.670	0.957

Intervention	Trillion cells per liter (Mean)
	RBC, Day 42, n=2, 2	RBC, Day 59, n=2, 3	RC, Day 42, n=2, 2	RC, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	-0.15	-0.10	0.00520	-0.00600
Darbepoetin Alfa	0.60	0.43	0.00815	-0.01510

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	ACH 7.5 ug/min, n=2, 2	ACH 15 ug/min, n=1, 2	ACH 30 ug/min, n=1, 2
Daprodustat	1.1304	0.7866	1.1328
Darbepoetin Alfa	0.4351	0.6183	0.8090

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	7.5 ug/min, n=2	15 ug/min, n=1	30 ug/min, n=1
Daprodustat	0.2744	-0.8503	0.5482

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	7.5 ug/min	15 ug/min	30 ug/min
Darbepoetin Alfa	-2.0376	-1.4559	-1.0652

Intervention	Grams per deciliter (Mean)
	Hemoglobin, Day 42, n=2, 2	Hemoglobin, Day 59, n=2, 3	MCHC, Day 42, n=2, 2	MCHC, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	-0.15	-0.20	0.00	-0.10
Darbepoetin Alfa	1.85	1.50	-0.65	0.10

Intervention	millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	DBP, Day 1, n=2, 3	DBP, Day 14, n=2, 3	DBP, Day 28, n=2, 3	DBP, Day 42, n=2, 2	DBP, Day 59, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 1, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 14, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 28, n=2, 3	SBP, Day 42, n=2, 2	SBP, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	73.5	67.0	73.5	76.0	69.5	144.0	130.0	135.5	145.5	135.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	69.3	74.3	79.3	73.0	82.7	134.3	127.7	147.3	148.0	142.3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	2 umol/min	8 umol/min
Daprodustat	0.7426	0.4975
Darbepoetin Alfa	0.9024	0.8690

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
	3 ug/min	10 ug/min
Daprodustat	1.0388	2.1447
Darbepoetin Alfa	0.7420	0.7022

Intervention	ug/min (Mean)
	7.5 ug/min, n=2, 2	15 ug/min, n=1, 2	30 ug/min, n=1, 2
Daprodustat	8.3180	-4.6374	-2.6735
Darbepoetin Alfa	-6.0360	-8.8299	-4.5121

Intervention	International units per Liter (Mean)
	ALT, Day 1, n=2, 3	ALT, Day 14, n=2, 3	ALT, Day 28, n=2, 3	ALT, Day 42, n=2, 2	ALT, Day 59, n=2, 3	ALP, Day 1, n=2, 3	ALP, Day 14, n=2, 3	ALP, Day 28, n=2, 3	ALP, Day 42, n=2, 2	ALP, Day 59, n=2, 3	AST, Day 1, n=2, 3	AST, Day 14, n=2, 3	AST, Day 28, n=2, 3	AST, Day 42, n=2, 2	AST, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	21.0	15.0	15.5	16.0	20.5	113.5	97.0	99.5	99.0	108.5	19.5	16.5	18.0	17.5	20.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	26.7	20.3	18.3	22.0	23.3	95.0	91.0	91.7	100.5	90.3	21.7	18.3	18.7	16.5	19.3

Intervention	Grams per Liter (Mean)
	Day 1, n=2, 3	Day 14, n=2, 3	Day 28, n=2, 3	Day 42, n=2, 2	Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	37.0	36.5	35.5	35.5	36.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	41.7	40.7	39.3	38.5	40.3

Intervention	Micromoles per Liter (Mean)
	Bilirubin total, Day 1, n=2, 3	Bilirubin total, Day 14, n=2, 3	Bilirubin total, Day 28, n=2, 3	Bilirubin total, Day 42, n=2, 2	Bilirubin total, Day 59, n=2, 3	Direct Bilirubin, Day 1, n=2, 2	Direct Bilirubin, Day 14, n=2, 2	Direct Bilirubin, Day 28, n=2, 2	Direct Bilirubin, Day 42, n=2, 1	Direct Bilirubin, Day 59, n=2, 2	Indirect Bilirubin, Day 1, n=2, 2	Indirect Bilirubin, Day 14, n=2, 2	Indirect Bilirubin, Day 28, n=2, 2	Indirect Bilirubin, Day 42, n=2, 1	Indirect Bilirubin, Day 59, n=2, 2
Daprodustat	5.0	5.0	6.0	6.0	5.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	4.0	4.0	5.0	4.0	3.0
Darbepoetin Alfa	6.0	7.3	6.0	9.0	6.7	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	4.0	5.0	4.0	10.0	5.0

Intervention	Micromoles per Liter (Mean)
	Creatinine, Day 1, n=2, 3	Creatinine, Day 42, n=2, 2	Creatinine, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	246.65	249.75	260.35
Darbepoetin Alfa	225.40	272.25	245.17

Intervention	Millimoles per Liter (Mean)
	Sodium, Day 1, n=2, 3	Sodium, Day 42, n=2, 2	Sodium, Day 59, n=2, 3	Potassium, Day 1, n=2, 3	Potassium, Day 42, n=2, 2	Potassium, Day 59, n=2, 3	Carbon-dioxide (total), Day 1, n=2, 3	Carbon-dioxide (total), Day 42, n=2, 2	Carbon-dioxide (total), Day 59, n=2, 3	Chloride, Day 1, n=2, 3	Chloride, Day 42, n=2, 2	Chloride, Day 59, n=2, 3	Glucose, Day 1, n=2, 3	Glucose, Day 42, n=2, 2	Glucose, Day 59, n=2, 3	Urea, Day 1, n=2, 3	Urea, Day 42, n=2, 2	Urea, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	140.0	139.5	138.5	4.70	4.55	4.45	20.5	22.0	22.5	108.0	108.0	108.0	7.60	6.95	7.45	18.00	16.75	16.50
Darbepoetin Alfa	136.7	135.0	136.0	5.03	5.15	4.77	19.0	19.0	21.0	105.7	104.0	104.7	6.40	12.50	10.10	16.67	21.00	19.33

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	PR Interval, Day 1, n=2, 3	PR Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	PR Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3	QRS Duration, Day 1, n=2, 3	QRS Duration, Day 42, n=2, 2	QRS Duration, Day 59, n=2, 3	QT Interval, Day 1, n=2, 3	QT Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	QT Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3	QTcB Interval, Day 1, n=2, 3	QTcB Interval, Day 42, n=2, 2	QTcB Interval, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	139.0	146.5	146.5	87.0	88.5	87.0	395.5	413.5	383.5	424.0	414.5	416.5
Darbepoetin Alfa	181.7	192.5	182.0	94.7	96.5	95.3	391.3	388.0	382.3	420.7	393.0	417.3

Intervention	Trillion cells per liter (Mean)
	RBC, Day 1, n=2, 3	RBC, Day 42, n=2, 2	RBC, Day 59, n=2, 3	RC, Day 1, n=2, 3	RC, Day 42, n=2, 2	RC, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	3.45	3.30	3.35	0.04090	0.04610	0.03490
Darbepoetin Alfa	3.20	3.65	3.63	0.06090	0.07970	0.04580

Intervention	Grams per deciliter (Mean)
	Hemoglobin, Day 1, n=2, 3	Hemoglobin, Day 42, n=2, 2	Hemoglobin, Day 59, n=2, 3	MCHC, Day 1, n=2, 3	MCHC, Day 42, n=2, 2	MCHC, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	10.60	10.45	10.40	34.10	34.10	34.00
Darbepoetin Alfa	9.77	11.40	11.27	34.23	33.75	34.33

Intervention	Giga cells per Liter (Mean)
	Platelet count, Day 1, n=2, 3	Platelet count, Day 42, n=2, 2	Platelet count, Day 59, n=2, 3	Leukocytes, Day 1, n=2, 3	Leukocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Leukocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Basophils, Day 1, n=2, 3	Basophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Basophils, Day 59, n=2, 3	Eosinophils, Day 1, n=2, 3	Eosinophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Eosinophils, Day 59, n=2, 3	Lymphocytes, Day 1, n=2, 3	Lymphocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Lymphocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Monocytes, Day 1, n=2, 3	Monocytes, Day 42, n=2, 2	Monocytes, Day 59, n=2, 3	Neutrophils, Day 1, n=2, 3	Neutrophils, Day 42, n=2, 2	Neutrophils, Day 59, n=2, 3
Daprodustat	199.0	203.5	193.0	5.05	6.05	5.30	0.045	0.045	0.035	0.295	0.300	0.245	1.160	1.275	0.785	0.400	0.415	0.415	3.160	4.010	3.825
Darbepoetin Alfa	191.7	121.5	50.08	6.30	5.75	7.20	0.057	0.045	0.050	0.230	0.175	0.220	2.037	1.150	2.033	0.607	0.445	0.563	3.387	3.970	4.343

omega-n-methylarginine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (102)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (5)

Protein Targets (17)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (167)

Molecular Functions (37)

Ceullar Components (40)

Bioassays (241)

Research

Studies (4,314)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 8.44

Study Types

Clinical Trials (32)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Fluconazole, Tetraethylammonium (TEA), and Bradykinin Administration

Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release

Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Fluconazole and Bradykinin Administration

Change in Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release After Tetraethylammonium (TEA) and Bradykinin Administration

Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Sodium Nitroprusside Administration

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Administration of L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA)

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Administration of L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA) and Tetraethylammonium (TEA)

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Fluconazole Administration

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Fluconazole and Tetraethylammonium (TEA) Administration

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After L-NG-monomethyl Arginine (L-NMMA) and Fluconazole Administration

Percent Change in Forearm Blood Flow (FBF) After Tetraethylammonium (TEA) Administration

Forearm Blood Flow (FBF)

Net Glucose Uptake

Net Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Release

Change From Baseline in Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft Vasodilation

Asses the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of L-NMMA When Combined With Docetaxel/Amlodipine in the Treatment of Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC Patients, Based on the Number of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Per Dose Level.

Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of the L-NMMA and Docetaxel Combination

Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of the L-NMMA and Docetaxel Combination

Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) and Other Adverse Events

Time to Maximum Plasma Concentration of L-NMMA and Docetaxel

Clinical Benefit Rate

Asses the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Docetaxel When Combined With L-NMMA/Amlodipine in the Treatment of Refractory Locally Advanced or Metastatic TNBC Patients, Based on the Number of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) Per Dose Level.

Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Creatinine

Change From Baseline in Clinical Chemistry Parameter: Sodium, Potassium, Carbon-dioxide (Total), Chloride, Glucose and Urea

Change From Baseline in DBP and SBP

Change From Baseline in ECG Mean Heart Rate

Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters- PR Interval, QRS Duration, and QT Interval and QTcB

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter of MCH

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter of MCV

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameter: Hematocrit

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters of Platelet Count, Leukocytes, Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Neutrophils

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters of RBC Count and RC

Change From Baseline in Hematology Parameters- Hemoglobin and MCHC

Change From Baseline in RDW

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine (Day 1 to Day 42)

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 Versus (vs) Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Absolute Values of Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to NG-monomethyl Arginine Acetate (L-NMMA) (Day 1 to Day 42)

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside (Day 1 to Day 42)

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat

Change in FBF Ratio in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to Acetylcholine

Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to L-NMMA

Change in the Absolute FBF From Day 1 to Day 42 in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Daprodustat

Change in the Absolute FBF in Response to Sodium Nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 in Participants Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa

Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)