Compounds > cimetidine
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cimetidine

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Description

Cimetidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, commonly used to treat peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Its synthesis involves a multi-step process starting with a substituted imidazole derivative. Cimetidine blocks the action of histamine at H2 receptors in the stomach, reducing gastric acid secretion. This action is crucial for the treatment of conditions related to excess stomach acid. Cimetidine is often studied due to its unique pharmacological properties, its therapeutic potential for treating acid-related disorders, and its role in advancing the understanding of histamine receptor antagonism. It has been found to exhibit anti-androgenic effects, which have raised concerns about potential side effects.'

Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID2756
CHEMBL ID30
CHEBI ID3699
SCHEMBL ID11282982
SCHEMBL ID1093
SCHEMBL ID1094
MeSH IDM0004479

Synonyms (345)

Synonym
MLS002153265
MLS001148596
MLS002154178
HMS3267A03
AB00052157-03
BRD-K18618618-001-01-6
BRD-K34157611-001-04-6
3-cyano-2-methyl-1-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylsulfanyl]ethyl]guanidine
gtpl1231
guanidine, n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]-
KBIO1_000166
DIVK1C_000166
NCI60_002936
smr000038895
MLS000069791 ,
LOPAC0_000293
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine
cemitidine
; n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)-ethyl)guanidine
n-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethyl]imino(-n-cyano)methanediaminem
n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-lambda~4~-sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
tagamet hb
n-cyano-n''''''''-methyl-n''''''''''''''''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl) methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine(cimetidine)
bdbm22889
2-methylamino-2-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethylamino]-(z)-1-imino cyanide(cimetidine)
n-methyl-n''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-n''''''''''''''''-cyano-guanidine(cimetidine)
(cimetidine) n-methyl-n''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-guanidine,cyanide
n-methyl-n''''''''-cyano-n''''''''''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-guanidine
n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine (cimetidine)
n-methyl-n''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-n''''''''''''''''-cyano-guanidine
n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine(cimetidine)
n''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''''''''''-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
n-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1-cyanoiminomethanediamine
(cimetidine)n-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethyl]cyanomethyliminomethanediamine
n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-({[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}methyl)guanidine(cimetidine)
n''''''''''''''''-cyano-n-methyl-n''''''''-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine
2-chloro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1h-isoindol-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide(cimetidine)
2-methyl-8-phenethyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester(cimetidine)
eureceptor
n-tert-butyl-n''''''''-[4-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl]-formamidine(cimetidine)
(cimetidine) n-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethyl]cyanoiminomethanediamine
chembl30 ,
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-(2-((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylthio)ethyl)guanidine
n-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-1h-4-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethyl]cyanoiminomethanediamine (cimetidine)
n-cyanomethyl-n''''''''-methyl-n''''''''''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-guanidine ( cimetidine)
2-methylamino-2-[2-(4-methyl-1h-5-imidazolylmethylsulfanyl)ethylamino]-(e)-1-imino cyanide
n-methyl-n''''''''-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylsulfanyl)-ethyl]-cyanoguanidine(cimetidine)
gastrobitan
edalene
ulcimet
cimetidinum [inn-latin]
ulcestop
gastromet
valmagen
hsdb 3917
ulcomet
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine
acinil
metracin
tratul
ulhys
peptol
cimetidina [inn-spanish]
ulcedine
skf 92334
guanidine, n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio) ethyl)-
guanidine, n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-
fpf 1002
dyspamet
evicer
tametin
skf-92334
ccris 3247
guanidine, n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-
ulcedin
cimetum
ulcofalk
drg-0150
cimal
einecs 257-232-2
acibilin
n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylthio]ethyl]guanidine
guanidine, n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]-
nsc-335308
nsc335308
guanidine, n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-[2-[[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]-
tagamet
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-[2-[[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine
brumetidina
ulcomedina
EU-0100293
SPECTRUM_000495
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-(((5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-(2-(((5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine
PRESTWICK_65
cimetag
cimetidinum
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-([(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl)ethyl)guanidine
tagamet hb 200
n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidine
cimetidina
CHEBI:3699 ,
lopac-c-4522
NCGC00015240-01
tocris-0902
NCGC00024859-01
SPECTRUM5_001541
IDI1_000166
BSPBIO_000091
BPBIO1_000101
BSPBIO_002978
PRESTWICK3_000026
NCGC00091439-01
UPCMLD-DP029:001
C06952
51481-61-9
cimetidine
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylsulfanyl]ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-[2-[[[5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine
DB00501
UPCMLD-DP029
D00295
cimetidine (jp17/usp/inn)
tagamet (tn)
NCGC00091439-03
NCGC00024859-03
NCGC00024859-05
NCGC00091439-02
KBIO3_002198
KBIOSS_000975
KBIO2_000975
KBIO2_003543
KBIOGR_001323
KBIO2_006111
SPECTRUM3_001389
SPECTRUM2_000782
SPBIO_000884
NINDS_000166
SPECTRUM4_000812
SPECTRUM1500684
NCGC00024859-02
NCGC00024859-04
NCGC00091439-04
L013434
NCGC00015240-03
HMS2092I14
C 4522 ,
HMS2089O03
skf-92334; tagamet
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-[2-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl-methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
NCGC00185989-01
L000186
L003827
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl) guanidine
stomedine
aciloc
HMS500I08
HMS1921C14
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylsulfanyl]ethyl]guanidine
NCGC00015240-06
AKOS005460997
NCGC00091439-05
NCGC00188961-01
HMS3259M15
HMS2095E13
HMS3260L08
tox21_201160
NCGC00258712-01
SCHEMBL11282982
STK528249
A828616
1-cyano-2-methyl-3-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylthio]ethyl]guanidine
nsc757428
pharmakon1600-01500684
nsc-757428
dtxcid40329
dtxsid4020329 ,
tox21_110106
CCG-204388
AKOS015951369
HMS2232F16
AKOS016003398
CCG-40160
NCGC00015240-04
NCGC00015240-07
NCGC00015240-02
NCGC00015240-05
brumetadina
bdbm50403559
nsc 335308
unii-80061l1wgd
topcare heartburn relief
cimetidine [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]
nsc 757428
equaline acid reducer
80061l1wgd ,
FT-0602955
LP00293
AB03708
cimetidine [mart.]
cimetidinum [who-ip latin]
cimetidine [who-dd]
cimetidine [who-ip]
cimetidine [jan]
cimetidine [vandf]
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-(((5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-guanidine
cimetidine [hsdb]
cimetidine [orange book]
cimetidine [usan]
cimetidine [usp-rs]
cimetidine [ep monograph]
cimetidine [mi]
cimetidine [inn]
cimetidine [usp monograph]
cimetidine [iarc]
S1845
AKOS015900557
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[(4-methyl-1h-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine
AKOS016340377
HMS3369L10
CCG-220026
CCG-221597
HY-14289
NC00501
SCHEMBL1093
SCHEMBL1094
tox21_110106_1
NCGC00091439-07
KS-5087
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)methylthio)-ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n--[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-methyl-n'-{2-[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)-methylthio]-ethyl}-n-cyanoguanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)-methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n-methyl-n'-[2-(5-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylthio)ethyl]-guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl) methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)- methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n- [2-((5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl]-guanidine
4-(((2-(((cyanoamino)(methylamino)methylene)amino)ethyl)thio)methyl)-5-methyl-1h-imidazole
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-(5-methyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n-methyl-n'-[2-(5-methylimidazol-4-ylmethylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((5-methyl-4-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)methylthio)ethyl) guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-((4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)methyl-thio)ethyl]guanidine
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n-[2-{(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylthio}ethyl]guanidine
tox21_500293
NCGC00260978-01
943920-67-0
1-cyan-2-methyl-3-(2-{[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio}ethyl)guanidin
metidine
2984-61-4
cimetidine a
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-([(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl)ethyl)guanidine #
Q-200856
Q-200855
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]guanidine
AB00052157_05
OPERA_ID_314
AB00052157_04
mfcd00133296
bdbm50103595
us9138393, cimetidine
us9144538, cimetidine
bdbm181119
(z)-1-cyano-2-methyl-3-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
AKOS026749950
cimetidine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
EX-A1088
AC-8100
SR-05000001750-1
sr-05000001750
(e)-2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine
cimetidine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3651E21
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[(5-methylimidazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]ethyl)guanidine
sr-05000001434
SR-05000001434-2
SR-05000001434-1
F16651
cimetidine for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
cimetidine for peak identification, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
cimetidine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
cimetidine 1.0 mg/ml in methanol
guanidine, n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]-, (z)-
76181-71-0
SR-01000075260-1
SR-01000075260-3
sr-01000075260
SBI-0050281.P004
n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)-methylthio)ethyl)guanidine
HMS3712E13
guanidine,n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-[2-[[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]thio]ethyl]-,(z)-
(z)-3-cyano-1-methyl-2-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
SW196380-2
AKOS032949548
Q409492
cimetidine (tagamet)
HMS3678I17
cimetidine,(s)
270574-63-5
HMS3414I17
BRD-K34157611-001-07-9
SDCCGSBI-0050281.P005
HMS3884I12
NCGC00091439-10
HMS3750I05
51481-61-9 (free)
cimetidine 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
(z)-n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
cimetidine for system suitability
cimetidine for peak identification
4h-dithieno[3,2-b :2',3'-d ]pyrrole, 4-(1-octylnonyl)-
n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
EN300-73705
EN300-27121293
(e)-n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-{[(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine
EN300-27121291
Z1162463430
SY057952
cimetidineacid reducer
cimetidine (usp monograph)
sunmark heartburn reliefacid reducer
cimetidina (inn-spanish)
cimetidine (usp-rs)
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)sulfanyl)ethyl)guanidine
cimetidine (iarc)
n''-cyano-n-methyl-n'-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)guanidine
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)sulfanyl)ethyl)guanidine
tratue
a02ba01
good sense heartburn relief
good neighbor pharmacy heartburn relief
sunmark heartburn relief
cimetidinum (inn-latin)
2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methylsulfanyl)ethyl)guanidine
cimetidine (mart.)
n-cyano-n'-methyl-n''-(2(((5-methyl-1h-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)thio)ethyl)
cimetidin
cimetidine (ep monograph)
cimetidine (usan:usp:inn:ban:jan)
equate cimetidine
AKOS040824773

Research Excerpts

Overview

Cimetidine (CIM) is an over-the-counter histamine-2 (H2) antagonist that is primarily used to lower acid secretions in the stomach. Cimetidine is a much more potent inhibitor for hMATE1/2-K when metformin is the substrate.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cimetidine is a potent organic cation transporter 2/multidrug and toxin extrusion protein inhibitor."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		1.49
"Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. "( Ecotoxicological assessment of cimetidine and determination of its potential for endocrine disruption using three test organisms: Daphnia magna, Moina macrocopa, and Danio rerio.
Ahn, B; Choi, K; Ji, K; Jung, D; Kho, Y; Kim, P; Lee, S, 2015)		2.15
"Cimetidine is a histamine H2 receptor blocker which inhibits acid release from stomach and is used for gasterointestinal diseases."( Binding of Cimetidine to Balb/C Mouse Liver Catalase; Kinetics and Conformational Studies.
Jahangirvand, M; Minai-Tehrani, A; Minai-Tehrani, D; Razmi, N; Yazdi, F, 2016)		1.55
"Cimetidine (CIM) is an over-the-counter histamine-2 (H2) antagonist that is primarily used to lower acid secretions in the stomach."( Cimetidine as a novel adjunctive treatment for early stage Lyme disease.
Shemenski, J, 2019)		2.68
"Cimetidine is a much more potent inhibitor for hMATE1/2-K when metformin is the substrate but acts as an equally potent inhibitor of hOCT2 and hMATE1/2-K when atenolol is the substrate."( Impact of Substrate-Dependent Inhibition on Renal Organic Cation Transporters hOCT2 and hMATE1/2-K-Mediated Drug Transport and Intracellular Accumulation.
Duan, H; Wang, J; Yin, J, 2016)		1.16
"Cimetidine is a histamine H"( The topological phase diagram of cimetidine: A case of overall monotropy.
Céolin, R; Rietveld, IB, 2017)		2.18
"Cimetidine is an H(2)-antagonist with cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitory activity. "( Effects of cytochrome p450 inhibition by cimetidine on the warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Mehvar, R; Shaik, IH, 2010)		2.07
"Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist and a potent inhibitor of Na+/H+ antiporter, which is found in the plasma membranes of various cell types, including mesothelial cells."( Effect of cimetidine on the electrophysiologic profile of isolated visceral sheep peritoneum.
Arampatzis, S; Giannopoulou, M; Gourgoulianis, K; Hatzoglou, C; Karioti, A; Kourti, P; Liakopoulos, V; Molyvdas, PA; Musso, C; Stefanidis, I; Zarogiannis, S, 2009)		1.48
"Cimetidine (CIM) is a histamine H2 receptor inverse agonist used primarily as an anti-stomach acids drug, but recent studies showed that it may also modulate immune responses. "( Cimetidine augments Th1/Th2 dual polarized immune responses to recombinant HBV antigens.
Ding, Z; Kang, Y; Li, R; Su, B; Wang, B; Wang, J; Zhang, W, 2011)		3.25
"Cimetidine is a H(2)-receptor antagonist used for treatment of gastric ulcers that seems to prevent bone resorption."( Increased apoptosis in osteoclasts and decreased RANKL immunoexpression in periodontium of cimetidine-treated rats.
Cerri, PS; de Oliveira, PA; de Souza Faloni, AP; Longhini, R; Sasso-Cerri, E, 2013)		1.33
"Cimetidine appears to be a more potent inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase than of CYP3A forms and hence in vivo is likely to have a more marked effect on ZAL metabolism to M2 than on DZAL formation."( Inhibition of zaleplon metabolism by cimetidine in the human liver: in vitro studies with subcellular fractions and precision-cut liver slices.
Ball, SE; Kao, J; Lake, BG; Price, RJ; Renwick, AB; Scatina, JA; Tredger, JM; Walters, DG, 2002)		1.31
"Cimetidine is a powerful H2 receptor antagonist that eliminates histamine's effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide anion production by phagocytes. "( Topical H2 antagonist prevents periodontitis in a rabbit model.
Andry, C; Ebrahimi, N; Hasturk, H; Holick, M; Jones, VL; Kantarci, A; Van Dyke, TE, 2006)		1.78
"Cimetidine is a widely used antiulcer medication that is also a potent inhibitor of the mixed-function oxidase enzymes in the liver. "( Cimetidine drug interactions.
Greene, WL; Levinson, MJ; Self, TH, 1983)		3.15
"Cimetidine is a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist and indomethacin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis."( Effects of cimetidine and indomethacin on the growth of dimethylhydrazine-induced or transplanted intestinal cancers in the rat.
Caignard, A; Martin, F; Martin, M; Reisser, D; Thomas, B, 1984)		1.38
"Cimetidine is a well known inhibitor of the heme-containing enzyme cytochrome P-450. "( Effect of cimetidine on delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and microsomal heme oxygenase in rat liver.
Bourque, AL; Freedman, ML; Halbrecht, JL; Lew, G; Marcus, DL; Nadel, H, 1984)		2.11
"Cimetidine is a well known H2 antagonist which is known to inhibit microsomal enzyme drug metabolism."( Influence of cimetidine on the disposition of ibuprofen in the rat.
Christensen, JM; Parrott, KA, 1984)		1.36
"Cimetidine is a rare cause of drug-induced fever. "( Cimetidine-induced fever.
Landolfo, K; Low, DE; Rogers, AG, 1984)		3.15
"Cimetidine is a commonly prescribed histamine antagonist useful in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. "( Cimetidine and the immune response. I. In vivo augmentation of nonspecific and specific immune response.
Burroughs, BJ; Ershler, WB; Hacker, MP; Moore, AL; Myers, CF, 1983)		3.15
"Cimetidine is a histamine H2-antagonist. "( No evidence of carcinogenicity of N-nitrosocimetidine in rats.
Eisenbrand, G; Habs, H; Habs, M; Schmähl, D, 1982)		1.97
"Cimetidine appears to be an excellent agent to use as a preventative measure against aspiration during the induction of anaesthesia."( A comparative evaluation of cimetidine and sodium citrate to decrease gastric acidity: effectiveness at the time of induction of anaesthesia.
Foulkes, E; Jenkins, LC, 1981)		1.28
"Cimetidine is a highly effective and safe drug which, compared with the other treatments currently available, can be considered as the best solution of this problem."( [Cimetidine: solution to a problem?].
Cambielli, M, 1981)		1.89
"Cimetidine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of gastric ADH."( Hepatic glutathione determination after ethanol administration in rat: evidence of the first-pass metabolism of ethanol.
Battiston, L; Lunazzi, G; Marchi, P; Mazzoran, L; Micheli, L; Moretti, M; Pozzato, G; Tulissi, P, 1995)		1.01
"Cimetidine is an H2-receptor antagonist which is mainly used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. "( The effect of cimetidine on verruca plana juvenilis: clinical trials in six patients.
Choi, YS; Hann, SK; Park, YK, 1993)		2.09
"Cimetidine is an inhibitor of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) in vivo and in vitro in both rats and humans. "( Effect of cimetidine on hepatic cytochrome P450: evidence for formation of a metabolite-intermediate complex.
Bellward, GD; Levine, M, 1995)		2.14
"Cimetidine is an H2 blocker and has been shown to inhibit tumour cell growth."( Effect of histamine and the H2 antagonist cimetidine on the growth and migration of human neoplastic glia.
Finn, PE; Pilkington, GJ; Purnell, P, 1996)		1.28
"Cimetidine is a commonly used H2-receptor antagonist that has been recommended for the prevention of acid aspiration syndrome and has been shown to potentiate vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. "( [The effects of cimetidine on the pharmacodynamics of rocuronium].
de Almeida, MC; Kleemann, PP; Latorre, F; Stanek, A; Weiler, N, 1996)		2.08
"Cimetidine (CIM) is an H2-receptor antagonist with a long history of clinical use in peptic ulcer disease. "( A randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral cimetidine as an immunopotentiator of parenteral immunization with a group B meningococcal vaccine.
Drabick, JJ; Foster, JS; Moran, EE; Tang, DB; Trofa, AF; Zollinger, WD, 1997)		2
"Cimetidine is a H2-histamine antagonist that has been shown to inhibit several P450-isoforms."( The actions of the H2-blocker cimetidine on the toxicity and biotransformation of the phosphorothioate insecticide parathion.
Agyeman, AA; Sultatos, LG, 1998)		1.31
"Cimetidine is an H2-receptor antagonist used in the management of peptic ulcer disease and other hypersecretory gastrointestinal disorders. "( A phase II study of high-dose cimetidine and the combination 5-fluorouracil, interferon alpha-2A, and leucovorin in advanced renal cell adenocarcinoma.
Burch, PA; Creagan, ET; Dalton, RJ; Hatfield, AK; Maples, WJ; Pfeifle, DM; Poon, MA; Schaefer, PL; Suman, VJ; Veeder, MH, 1998)		2.03
"Cimetidine (CIM) is an H2-receptor antagonist that has been used in racehorses in an attempt to reduce the occurrence of stress-related gastric ulceration. "( Cimetidine inhibits nitric oxide associated nitrate production in a soft-tissue inflammation model in the horse.
Dees, AA; Hunter, RP; Keowen, ML; Koch, CE; McClure, JR; Short, CR; VanSteenhouse, JL, 1999)		3.19
"Cimetidine is a histamine receptor antagonist that has been used mainly to treat peptic ulcer disease."( Oral cimetidine for the management of genital and perigenital warts in children.
Franco, I, 2000)		1.54
"Cimetidine (Tagamet) is a potent histaminic H2-receptor antagonist, extensively prescribed for ulcers and now available without prescription. "( Cimetidine (Tagamet) is a reproductive toxicant in male rats affecting peritubular cells.
Debeljuk, L; França, LR; Leal, MC; Russell, LD; Sasso-Cerri, E; Vasconcelos, A, 2000)		3.19
"Cimetidine is a useful medical treatment for bladder pain but the presence or absence of gastrin or histamine-like immunoreactivity does not explain its therapeutic benefit."( Cimetidine in painful bladder syndrome: a histopathological study.
Blackford, HN; Dasgupta, P; Dennis, P; Sharma, SD; Womack, C, 2001)		3.2
"Cimetidine appears to be a useful candidate for the future development of post-irradiation radioprotectors."( Protective effects of cimetidine on radiation-induced micronuclei and apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Futatsuya, R; Kojima, Y; Kondo, T; Shoji, M; Zhao, QL, 2002)		1.35
"Cimetidine is a safe and reliable means to control bleeding from hemorrhagic gastritis."( The treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis with cimetidine.
Delaney, JP; Dunn, DH; Fischer, RC; Howard, RJ; Onstad, GR; Silvis, SE, 1978)		1.24
"Cimetidine is a specific competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist which effectively inhibits gastric acid secretion and is advocated for the treatment of chronic peptic ulceration, haemorrhage from erosive gastritis, and the control of gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulceration in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. "( Cimetidine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in peptic ulcer disease.
Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1978)		3.14
"Cimetidine is an H2-receptor antagonist that is capable of marked suppression of gastric acid and pepsin secretion. "( Cimetidine. H2-receptor blockade in gastrointestinal disease.
Schlippert, W, 1978)		3.14
"Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. "( [A case of acute interstitial nephritis and nonoliguria acute renal failure induced by cimetidine].
Koarada, S; Nagano, Y; Sakemi, T; Syouno, Y; Watanabe, T, 1992)		1.95
"Cimetidine is a free radical scavenger in thermal skin injury and cobra venom-induced lung injury, and was therefore investigated as a scavenger of ethanol-induced free radicals."( Cimetidine as a scavenger of ethanol-induced free radicals.
Jayatilleke, E; Shaw, S, )		2.3
"Cimetidine is an active H2-receptor antagonist which, combined with other drugs, has antitumor effect. "( [Antiproliferative activity of cimetidine and a copper-cimetidine complex on rat fibroblasts cultured in vitro].
Barni, S; Pippia, P; Sciola, L, )		1.86
"Cimetidine was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase at concentrations as low as 1 mM in vitro."( Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase: in vitro characteristics and effect of cimetidine.
Egerer, G; Oertl, U; Seitz, HK; Simanowski, UA; Waldherr, R, 1992)		1.23
"Cimetidine is considered to be a general inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 enzymes, but there is indirect evidence that certain cytochrome P-450 enzymes are not inhibited by cimetidine. "( Selective inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. I. Effect of the in vivo administration of cimetidine.
Bandiera, SM; Bellward, GD; Chang, T; Levine, M, 1992)		1.94
"Cimetidine has proved to be a useful tool for investigating the hematological role of T-lymphocyte subsets in normal and pathological conditions."( Effect of cimetidine on burst-promoting activity of normal T lymphocytes.
Bessone, G; Casti, P; Moccia, F; Morra, L; Ponassi, GA, 1992)		1.41
"Cimetidine is a commonly prescribed histamine 2-receptor antagonist used in the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. "( Effect of cimetidine on oral digoxin absorption.
Krissman, PH; Mouser, B; Murphy, JE; Nykamp, D, 1990)		2.12
"Cimetidine is a H-2-receptor histamine antagonist, cannitracin is an antifungal antibiotic derived from Strp-griseus and tolazoline is an alpha-adrenergic blocker similar to phentolamine."( Effects of cimetidine, progesterone, cannitracin and tolazoline on the weight and DNA content of the testosterone-induced hyperplastic prostate of the rat.
Chen, DY; Chen, W; Kang, JS; Zhou, XM, 1988)		1.39
"Cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of antipyrine metabolism with a concentration of about 1.25 mg/liter causing a 50% decrease in the total plasma clearance of antipyrine."( Plasma concentration-response relationship for cimetidine inhibition of drug metabolism in the rat.
Aarons, L; Adedoyin, A; Houston, JB, )		1.11
"Cimetidine seemed to be a suitable drug for treating chronic gastric ulcer, since its healing rate proved to be better than that of placebo, the gain in weight also was favourable and there were no side-effects."( Cimetidine and placebo-cimetidine in the treatment of patients with chronic gastric ulcer (a multiclinical randomized double-blind comparative study).
Deák, G; Mózsik, G; Patty, I; Tárnok, F, 1988)		2.44
"Cimetidine is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ALP (Ki = 3.2.10(-3) M at pH 10.5), and a good inhibitor of DAO (I50 = 3.8.10(-4) M)."( Comparative inhibition of human alkaline phosphatase and diamine oxidase by bromo-levamisole, cimetidine and various derivatives.
Lalegerie, P; Lehuede, J; Metaye, T; Mettey, Y; Vierfond, JM, 1988)		1.22
"Cimetidine functions as an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric acid secretion in the rat is inhibited temporarily."( A simple method for the oral transfer of Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) between rats.
Crompton, DW; Stoddart, RC, 1988)		1
"Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that is used in the treatment of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and other hypersecretory conditions. "( Effect of cimetidine on tissue distribution of some trace elements and minerals in the rat.
Bogden, JD; Chung, HR; Naveh, Y; Weis, P, 1987)		2.12
"Cimetidine is an H2 antagonist which inhibits cytochrome P-450 and reduces hepatic blood flow. "( The effects of cimetidine upon the plasma pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in rabbits.
Brenner, DE; Collins, JC; Hande, KR, 1986)		2.07
"Cimetidine is an organic cation and commonly prescribed drug that is eliminated primarily by proximal renal tubular secretion. "( Cimetidine transport in rabbit renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles.
Kunnemann, ME; McKinney, TD, 1987)		3.16
"Cimetidine is an H2 receptor-blocking drug frequently given to ICU patients for the prevention of stress ulcers. "( Cimetidine inhibits the hypoxia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow in dogs.
Amend, P; Clozel, JP; Hartemann, D; Saunier, C, 1985)		3.15

Effects

Cimetidine has been reported as suppressing the excess parathyroid hormone secretion and hypercalcaemia seen in hyperparathyroidism. It has been effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because of its ability to elevate gastric pH.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cimetidine has a structure that would suggest strong binding to iron ions."( Ferrous sulfate reduces cimetidine absorption.
Anderson, WD; Campbell, NR; Granberg, K; Hasinoff, BB; Meddings, JB; Robertson, S, 1993)		1.31
"Cimetidine (CIM) has several relevant solid state forms, including four polymorphs (A, B, C and D), an amorphous form (AM) and a monohydrate (M1)."( A dynamic thermal ATR-FTIR/chemometric approach to the analysis of polymorphic interconversions. Cimetidine as a model drug.
Calvo, NL; Kaufman, TS; Maggio, RM, 2014)		1.34
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit heme biosynthesis and results in symptomatic improvement in patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)."( Novel Treatment Using Cimetidine for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Children.
Sheu, SL; Teng, JM; Tu, JH, 2016)		1.47
"Cimetidine has been shown to improve the performance of Scr-based GFR formulae."( Evaluating cimetidine for GFR estimation in liver transplant recipients.
Alam, A; Cantarovich, M; Davidson, A; Deschênes, M; Edwardes, MD; Tangri, N, 2010)		1.47
"Cimetidine has been shown to have anti-metastatic activity and improves the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. "( Cimetidine inhibits the adhesion of gastric cancer cells expressing high levels of sialyl Lewis x in human vascular endothelial cells by blocking E-selectin expression.
Jiang, CG; Li, F; Li, JB; Li, YS; Liu, FR, 2011)		3.25
"Cimetidine has been shown to play an important role in the treatment of cancer and the regulation of the immune system. "( Perioperative cimetidine administration improves systematic immune response and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with colorectal cancer.
Cao, F; Gan, M; Li, B; Wang, D; Zhu, Q, )		1.93
"Cimetidine has been studied as an additive in cancer chemotherapy. "( Influence of cimetidine and its metabolites on Cisplatin--investigation of adduct formation by means of electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry.
Brauckmann, C; Faber, H; Karst, U; Lanvers-Kaminsky, C; Sperling, M, 2013)		2.2
"Cimetidine has been shown to improve various types of human neoplasms and more recently it has been shown to be effective in treating recalcitrant or multiple viral warts in some reports. "( Cimetidine treatment for viral warts enhances IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression but not IL-18 expression in lesional skin.
Iida, K; Kawana, S; Mitsuishi, T, )		3.02
"Cimetidine has also been shown to have protective properties in humans and in some models of experimental injury."( Comparison of prostaglandin and cimetidine in protection of isolated gastric glands against indomethacin injury.
Brzozowski, T; Gergely, H; Hollander, D; Krause, WJ; Sekhon, S; Tarnawski, A, 2005)		1.33
"Cimetidine has been shown to stimulate prolactin secretion after a intravenous administration. "( Comparative effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on prolactin secretion.
Nelis, GF; Van de Meene, JG, 1980)		2.02
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit the liver microsomal metabolism of the benzodiazepines diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, resulting in an increase in half-life and decrease in the clearance of these two drugs. "( Diazepam-cimetidine drug interaction: a clinically significant effect.
Ruffalo, RL; Segal, JL; Thompson, JF, 1981)		2.12
"Cimetidine has been shown not to alter the pharmacokinetics of lorazepam or oxazepam when administered concurrently with either of these benzodiazepines."( Cimetidine-benzodiazepine drug interaction.
Ruffalo, RL; Segal, J; Thompson, JF, 1981)		2.43
"Cimetidine has been reported to decrease plasma clearance of drugs in humans and animals. "( Drug metabolism by rat and human hepatic microsomes in response to interaction with H2-receptor antagonists.
Crankshaw, DL; Holtzman, JL; Knodell, RG; Stanley, LN; Steele, NM, 1982)		1.71
"Cimetidine has been demonstrated to impair microsomal oxidative drug metabolism in a dose-dependent manner in an animal model. "( Inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism by histamine H2-receptor antagonists studied in vivo and in vitro in rodents.
Avant, GR; Mitchell, MC; Patwardhan, RV; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1982)		1.71
"Cimetidine has been shown to impair elimination of a number of drugs metabolized by the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzymes. "( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on hepatic drug metabolism.
Breen, KJ; Bury, R; Desmond, PV; Mashford, ML; Morphett, B; Shaw, RG; Westwood, B, 1982)		2.1
"Cimetidine has been reported to decrease the biotransformation of drugs metabolized by the MFOE system. "( Cimetidine as an inhibitor of drug metabolism: therapeutic implications and review of the literature.
Bauman, JH; Kimelblatt, BJ, 1982)		3.15
"Cimetidine also has been reported to decrease hepatic blood flow."( Review of cimetidine drug interactions.
Darvey, DL; Sorkin, EM, 1983)		1.39
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit the hepatic oxidation of a number of drugs and to protect rats from acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis."( Selective inhibition of acetaminophen oxidation and toxicity by cimetidine and other histamine H2-receptor antagonists in vivo and in vitro in the rat and in man.
Mitchell, MC; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1984)		1.23
"Cimetidine has been shown to reduce the metabolic clearance of the benzodiazepines that are biotransformed by oxidative mechanisms."( Noninteraction of temazepam and cimetidine.
Abernethy, DR; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Locniskar, A; Shader, RI, 1984)		1.27
"Cimetidine has hyperprolactinaemic properties and interferes with the peripheral activity of the sexual hormone (DHT) and probably with the pituitary LH secretion."( Endocrine effects of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine.
Barbara, L; Corinaldesi, R; Pasquali, R; Raiti, C; Stanghellini, V; Zurita, J, 1983)		1.24
"Cimetidine has been reported to inhibit the hepatic metabolism of numerous drugs. "( Effect of cimetidine on quinidine clearance.
Fox, T; Garnett, WR; Kline, BJ; Kolb, KW; Small, RE; Vetrovec, GW, 1984)		2.11
"Cimetidine has been shown to reduce liver blood flow, as measured by indocyanine green clearance, in normal subjects. "( Cimetidine does not reduce liver blood flow in cirrhosis.
Henderson, JM; Ibrahim, SZ; Millikan, WJ; Santi, M; Warren, WD, )		3.02
"Cimetidine has been shown to lower circulating PTH levels effectively by causing an intraglandular rearrangement of PTH peptides in human parathyroid tissue in instances of primary hyperparathyroidism. "( The preoperative use of cimetidine as a means of preventing symptomatic hypocalcemia following a parathyroid operation.
Ackroyd, FW; Garcia, M; Minervini, D; Seiden, EF; Sherwood, JK; Willis, IH, 1983)		2.02
"Cimetidine therapy has proved to be effective in healing most duodenal ulcers and in reducing the frequency of reulceration. "( Cimetidine. I. Developments, pharmacology, and efficacy.
Freston, JW, 1982)		3.15
"Cimetidine has now been on the market for over three years and appears to be safe and effective. "( Cimetidine: clinical uses and possible side effects.
Babb, RR, 1980)		3.15
"Cimetidine has been administered during 7 days to 28 patients with different degrees of renal failure. "( The effects of cimetidine (Tagamet) on renal function in patients with renal failure.
Bodemar, G; Kågedal, B; Larsson, R; Walan, A, 1980)		2.06
"Cimetidine has substantially reduced elective peptic ulcer surgery."( Cimetidine and perforated peptic ulcer.
McArdle, CS; McKay, AJ, 1982)		2.43
"1 Cimetidine has been reported to reduce serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in primary hyperparathyroidism, but some studies have reported negative findings. "( The effects of cimetidine on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Fisken, RA; Heath, DA; Wilkinson, R, 1982)		1.34
"Cimetidine has recently proved useful in the prophylaxis of certain allergic and other histamine-mediated reactions. "( Cimetidine (Tagamet) combined with steroids and H1 antihistamines for the prevention of serious radiographic contrast material reactions.
Bloom, FL; Myers, GE, 1981)		3.15
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit oxidative metabolism of several drugs while sparing the glucuronidation pathways of drug metabolism. "( Lack of tolerance and rapid recovery of cimetidine-inhibited chlordiazepoxide (Librium) elimination.
Johnson, RF; Patwardhan, RV; Schenker, S; Sinclair, AP; Speeg, KV, 1981)		1.97
"Cimetidine may have been responsible for the observed complications due to its effect on serum parathyroid hormone level."( Effect of cimetidine on serum calcium levels in an elderly patient.
Edwards, H; King, TC; Zinberg, J, 1981)		1.39
"Cimetidine has been reported as suppressing the excess parathyroid hormone secretion and hypercalcaemia seen in hyperparathyroidism. "( Failure of cimetidine to suppress immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and hypercalcaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Benton, KG; Mallett, RB; Sainsbury, R, 1981)		2.1
"Cimetidine has several actions in vivo that may result in drug-drug interactions."( Drug interactions with cimetidine.
Schwinghammer, TL, 1981)		1.29
"Cimetidine has been effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because of its ability to elevate gastric pH."( Cimetidine for the prophylaxis of potential gastric acid aspiration pneumonitis in trauma patients.
Markovchick, VJ; Moore, EE; Strain, JD; Van Duzer-Moore, S, 1981)		2.43
"Cimetidine has demonstrated a survival benefit in a randomized trial as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer. "( A randomized trial of cimetidine with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Adams, WJ; Clingan, PR; Legge, J; Links, M; Morris, DL; O'Baugh, J; Phadke, K; Ross, WB, 1995)		2.05
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit normal and carcinoma cell growth but the mechanism of the antiproliferative action is incompletely understood. "( Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity but not expression of the gene by cimetidine in intestinal mucosal cells.
Johnson, LR; McCormack, SA; Viar, MJ; Wang, JY, 1995)		1.96
"Cimetidine has been used as a relatively selective inhibitor of renal organic cation secretion, analogous to the use of probenecid to inhibit organic anion secretion. "( Enhanced transepithelial flux of cimetidine by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing human P-glycoprotein.
Dutt, A; Nelson, JA; Pan, BF, 1994)		2.01
"Cimetidine has been reported to cause antiandrogenic effects in male pups of female rats receiving cimetidine during gestation. "( Development of secondary sex characteristics in male rats after fetal and perinatal cimetidine exposure.
Hoie, EB; Leuschen, MP; Nelson, RM; Swigart, SA, 1994)		1.96
"Cimetidine has a structure that would suggest strong binding to iron ions."( Ferrous sulfate reduces cimetidine absorption.
Anderson, WD; Campbell, NR; Granberg, K; Hasinoff, BB; Meddings, JB; Robertson, S, 1993)		1.31
"Cimetidine has been used to inhibit the secretion of creatinine in non-dialysed patients."( Time course of inulin and creatinine clearance in the interval between two haemodialysis treatments.
Arisz, L; Koomen, GC; Krediet, RT; van Acker, BA; van Olden, RW, 1995)		1.01
"Cimetidine has been demonstrated to block histamine mediated activation of suppressor T cells in man and in animal models, resulting in an anti-tumor immune response."( [Successful treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with cimetidine--report of two cases].
Kurita, T; Matsuda, H; Nagano, T; Park, YC, 1996)		1.26
"Cimetidine has been hypothesized to exert a cancer preventive effect on the prostate due to its ability to inhibit the binding of dihydrotestosterone to androgen receptors."( Cimetidine use and risk of prostate and breast cancer.
Cushing-Haugen, KL; Rossing, MA; Scholes, D; Voigt, LF, 2000)		2.47
"Cimetidine has been shown to induce gonadal and sexual dysfunction in men. "( Effects of the prenatal administration of cimetidine on testicular descent and genital differentiation in rats.
Kai, H; Suita, S; Takeshi, S, 2002)		2.02
"Cimetidine 200 mg has little inhibitory effect beyond 10 hr."( Decrease of intragastric acidity in healthy subjects dosed with ranitidine 75 mg, cimetidine 200 mg, or placebo.
Hamilton, MI; Pounder, RE; Sercombe, J, 2002)		1.26
"Cimetidine has been shown to have beneficial effects in colorectal cancer patients. "( Cimetidine increases survival of colorectal cancer patients with high levels of sialyl Lewis-X and sialyl Lewis-A epitope expression on tumour cells.
Imaeda, Y; Kobayashi, K; Matsumoto, S; Okamoto, T; Suzuki, H; Umemoto, S, 2002)		3.2
"Cimetidine has caused dysfunction in the male reproductive system. "( In situ demonstration of both TUNEL-labeled germ cell and Sertoli cell in the cimetidine-treated rats.
Miraglia, SM; Sasso-Cerri, E, 2002)		1.99
"Cimetidine has been shown to have low acute toxicity."( Characterization and development of cimetidine as a histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Brimblecombe, RW; Duncan, WA; Durant, GJ; Emmett, JC; Ganellin, CR; Leslie, GB; Parsons, ME, 1978)		1.25
"Cimetidine has no effect on nocturnal serum gastrin concentration, but, when stimulated by food, serum gastrin concentration is higher after cimetidine than after placebo."( Effect of H2-receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration: a review.
Richardson, CT, 1978)		0.98
"Cimetidine has been used only in complications, in which it has appeared very useful."( [The child's gastroduodenal ulcer (author's transl)].
Braive, JP; Hélias, JP; Salet, J, )		0.85
"Cimetidine has been associated with gynecomastia as a side effect. "( Cimetidine is an antiandrogen in the rat.
Banks, JL; Loriaux, DL; Winters, SJ, 1979)		3.15
"Cimetidine has no measurable affinity for rat uterine estradiol receptors, but competes for tritiated dihydrotestosterone-binding sites in mouse kidney preparations with a displacement curve parallel to that for unlabeled dihydrotestosterone."( Cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, occupies androgen receptors.
Funder, JW; Mercer, JE, 1979)		2.42
"Cimetidine has proved to be of value in conservative treatment of stress induced ulcer haemorrhage and is used increasingly prophylactically."( [Cimetidine for treatment of stress-induced ulcer haemorrhage (author's transl)].
Schiessel, R; Schulz, F, 1979)		1.89
"1. Cimetidine has no antidopaminergic activity or this hypothetic action is very slight; 2. "( Serum prolactin response to acute and chronic cimetidine administration in man.
Angelini, G; Bovo, P; Cavallini, G; Cominacini, L; Galvanini, G; Lo Cascio, V; Scuro, LA; Vaona, B, 1979)		1.14
"Cimetidine has been shown to increase the burst-promoting activity (BPA) of uremic T lymphocytes and to partially improve the BPA of normal T lymphocytes preincubated with uremic serum."( Effect of cimetidine on peripheral blood lymphocytes from chronic uremic patients: improvement of burst-promoting activity.
Casti, P; Gurreri, G; Mela, S; Moccia, F; Morra, L; Ponassi, GA, 1992)		1.41
"Cimetidine has been shown to increase the BPA of normal T lymphocytes, both when added to the culture and when T lymphocytes were preincubated for 1 h with it."( Effect of cimetidine on burst-promoting activity of normal T lymphocytes.
Bessone, G; Casti, P; Moccia, F; Morra, L; Ponassi, GA, 1992)		1.41
"Cimetidine has been demonstrated to impair microsomal oxidative drug metabolizing and other enzyme systems in mouse liver. "( Interaction of H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine with microsomal drug metabolizing and other systems in liver.
Gill, M; Sanyal, SN; Sareen, ML, 1991)		1.99
"Cimetidine has been determined in the presence of its acid-induced degradation products using a second derivative (D2-) spectrophotometric method (method I) or a colorimetric method (method II). "( Spectrophotometric determination of cimetidine in the presence of its acid-induced degradation products.
Bedair, MM; Elsayed, MA; Fahmy, OT; Korany, MA, 1991)		2
"Cimetidine-induced fever has generally been thought to be due to a direct effect on the thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus, on the basis of experimental studies of the injection of cimetidine to the cerebral ventricles."( IgE-mediated drug fever due to histamine H2-receptor blockers.
Hiraide, A; Ohshima, S; Yoshioka, T, )		0.85
"Cimetidine has also been used successfully to restore immune functions in patients with malignant disorders, hypogammaglobulinemia and AIDS-related complexes."( Cimetidine as an immune response modifier.
Bernell, P; Hansson, M; Hast, R, 1989)		2.44
"Cimetidine has been defined as a cytoprotective agent and numerous studies have reported that it is able to influence prostaglandin production as well as mechanisms which protect the surface epithelium of the gastric mucosa. "( Influence of cimetidine in low doses (less than ED50) on prostanoid production by human gastric mucosa in vitro.
Andreone, P; Baraldini, M; Bortoluzzi, F; Cursaro, C; Della Monica, A; Gasbarrini, G; Micaletti, E; Miglio, F; Saggioro, A, 1989)		2.09
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit the renal secretion of tetraethyl-ammonium bromide (TEAB) but not p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), suggesting that cimetidine is secreted by an organic cation transport system [Weiner and Roth: J."( Kinetic studies on the competition between famotidine and cimetidine in rats. Evidence of multiple renal secretory systems for organic cations.
Duggan, DE; Lin, JH; Los, LE; Ulm, EH, )		1.1
"Cimetidine has been found to be physically compatible and chemically stable in crystalline amino acid/dextrose solutions and in crystalline amino acid/dextrose/lipid admixtures."( Cimetidine and parenteral nutrition in the ICU patient.
Baptista, RJ, 1986)		2.44
"Cimetidine has been shown to up-regulate proliferative and cytotoxic immune responses, which are mediated in part by an increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. "( Cimetidine reduces cyclosporine inhibition of interleukin-2 production.
Gifford, RR; Tilberg, AF, 1988)		3.16
"Cimetidine has been found to reduce the plasma concentrations of ketoconazole, indomethacin and chlorpromazine by reducing their absorption."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine 1987.
Muirhead, M; Somogyi, A, 1987)		1.28
"Cimetidine has been used in the treatment of human cancer in combination with interferon or coumarin and as a single agent."( Immunologic effects of cimetidine: potential uses.
Mavligit, GM, 1987)		1.3
"Cimetidine has been reported to interact with liver microsomal enzymes, specifically, the cytochrome P-450 and P-448. "( Effect of cimetidine on in vivo formation of adducts between metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene and DNA.
Boroujerdi, M; Choong, MY, 1988)		2.12
"Cimetidine has weak antiandrogenic activity in rats, but does not affect fertility in male rats at daily doses up to 950 mg/kg. "( Cimetidine does not demasculinize male rat offspring exposed in utero.
Bond, BC; Bott, JH; Walker, TF, 1987)		3.16
"Cimetidine presumably has the ability to block androgen action."( Treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with cimetidine.
Aram, H, 1987)		1.25
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit the elimination of carbamazepine after a single oral dose. "( Cimetidine and carbamazepine: a complex drug interaction.
Clark, J; Dalton, MJ; Messenheimer, JA; Powell, JR, )		3.02
"Cimetidine has been shown to inhibit the oxidative metabolism of a variety of low- and high-extraction drugs. "( Cimetidine and ranitidine increase midazolam bioavailability.
Collier, PS; Dundee, JW; Fee, JP; Howard, PJ, 1987)		3.16
"Cimetidine has been shown to have low acute toxicity in dogs and rodents. "( Toxicology of cimetidine.
Brimblecombe, RW; Leslie, GB; Walker, TF, 1985)		2.07
"Cimetidine has been shown to protect against acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity in both rats and mice. "( Ranitidine-acetaminophen interaction: effects on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats.
Dent, JG; Leonard, TB; Morgan, DG, )		1.57
"Cimetidine has been reported to decrease the apparent oral clearance of triazolam, resulting in increased triazolam plasma concentrations with the potential for exaggerated triazolam pharmacologic effects."( Central nervous system toxicity associated with concurrent use of triazolam and cimetidine.
Britton, ML; Waller, ES, 1985)		1.22

Actions

Cimetidine produced an increase in G-17/G-34 in placebo-treated normal subjects and patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. Cimetidine blunted this increase in all the regions of the brain except the pons and bulb.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Cimetidine might inhibit δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase influencing the heme biosynthesis."( Cimetidine for erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Heerfordt, IM; Lerche, CM; Wulf, HC, 2022)		2.89
"Cimetidine can enhance the humoral and cellular immune response induced by ROP2 protein."( [Study on immune response in BALB/c mice induced by ROP2 protein of Toxoplasma gondii with cimetidine].
Chen, XZ; Chen, Y; Liu, LL; Shen, JL; Sun, X; Yang, W; Yang, XD, 2013)		2.05
"Cimetidine is known to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with organic cations in the kidney, and a previous clinical study showed that coadministration of cimetidine or probenecid with fexofenadine (FEX) decreased its renal clearance. "( The inhibition of human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 is involved in the drug-drug interaction caused by cimetidine.
Horita, S; Inoue, K; Kondo, T; Kusuhara, H; Maeda, K; Matsushima, S; Nakayama, H; Ohta, KY; Sugiyama, Y; Yuasa, H, 2009)		2.01
"Cimetidine is able to inhibit OCT2-mediated uptake of cisplatin in the kidney, and subsequently ameliorate nephrotoxicity likely with minimal effect on uptake in tumor cells."( Influence of Oct1/Oct2-deficiency on cisplatin-induced changes in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase.
Filipski, KK; Franke, RM; Hu, C; Kosloske, AM; Lancaster, CS; Mathijssen, RH; Sparreboom, A; Zolk, O, 2010)		1.8
"Cimetidine is known to suppress the growth of several tumors, including gastrointestinal cancer, in humans and animals. "( Roxatidine- and cimetidine-induced angiogenesis inhibition suppresses growth of colon cancer implants in syngeneic mice.
Izumi, K; Okabe, S; Tomita, K, 2003)		2.11
"Cimetidine is known to enhance the survival of gastro-intestinal cancer patients, though the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. "( The effect of H2 antagonists on proliferation and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell lines.
Kumar, P; Mulcahy, H; Patchett, S; Rajendra, S, 2004)		1.77
"Thus cimetidine probably can produce a sinus bradycardia by blocking the H2-receptor site in the heart."( Electrophysiologic properties of cimetidine in man.
Gould, L; Reddy, CV; Singh, BK; Zen, B, 1981)		1
"Cimetidine did not enhance release when present a) when basophils were "activated" but did not release histamine ("first stage"), or b) when basophils were no longer susceptible to histamine inhibition ("second stage")."( H2 antihistamines augment antigen-induced histamine release from human basophils in vitro.
Kagey-Sobotka, A; Lichtenstein, LM; Plaut, M; Tung, R, 1982)		0.99
"Cimetidine failed to increase PRL in rats of 1 and 4 days of age."( Serotoninergic involvement in the cimetidine-induced prolactin release.
Becú, D; Libertun, C, 1983)		1.27
"Cimetidine prevented an increase in 5-HT in the antrum and protected against ulceration."( The relationship of cimetidine to 5-hydroxytryptamine tissue levels in stress ulceration in the rat.
Max, MH; Pridjian, AK, 1983)		1.31
"Cimetidine did not cause any change in serum gastrin concentration during and after sham feeding."( Gastric acid and serum gastrin response to sham feeding, and the effect of cimetidine on the response to sham feeding in duodenal ulcer patients.
Földvári, P; Kisfalvi, I; Szücs, K, 1983)		1.22
"Cimetidine is shown to inhibit in vivo and in vitro the metabolism by both 3-methylcholanthrene-induced P1-450 and control forms of P-450; these data suggest that cimetidine may be acting at the level of P-450 reduction by NADPH-P-450 oxidoreductase."( Effects of cimetidine on theophylline, acetaminophen, and zoxazolamine toxicity in the intact mouse.
Bigelow, SW; Lazarte, RA; Levitt, RC; Nebert, DW, 1984)		1.38
"Cimetidine is a rare cause of drug-induced fever. "( Cimetidine-induced fever.
Landolfo, K; Low, DE; Rogers, AG, 1984)		3.15
"Cimetidine can cause significant changes in phenytoin serum levels which may be manifested clinically."( Effect of cimetidine on phenytoin serum levels.
Breland, BD; Jordan, JE; Mishra, SK; Salem, RB, 1983)		1.39
"Cimetidine may cause mental confusion and should be used with caution and in reduced dosage in the presence of hepatic or renal disease, or both, and in elderly patients."( Cimetidine: clinical uses and possible side effects.
Babb, RR, 1980)		2.43
"Cimetidine can cause impairment of metabolism of the benzodiazepines by inhibiting the hepatic microsomal enzyme system and its possible role in causing the prolonged somnolence is discussed."( Cimetidine and prolonged post-operative somnolence.
Lam, AM; Parkin, JA, 1981)		2.43
"Cimetidine's increase of gastric pH has not been shown to result in clinically important drug-drug interactions."( Drug interactions with cimetidine.
Schwinghammer, TL, 1981)		1.29
"Cimetidine was shown to inhibit gastric ADH with a Ki of 0.167 +/- 0.009 mmol l-1; accordingly, the pretreatment with this drug (20 mg kg-1 b.w."( Hepatic glutathione after ethanol administration in rat: effects of cimetidine and omeprazole.
Battiston, L; Marchi, P; Mazzoran, L; Moretti, M; Pozzato, G; Pussini, E; Tulissi, P, 1995)		1.25
"Cimetidine did not inhibit the Emax in the elderly as much as it did in the young subjects."( H1- and H2-histamine receptor-mediated vasodilation varies with aging in humans.
Bedarida, G; Blaschke, TF; Bushell, E; Hoffman, BB, 1995)		1.01
"Cimetidine did not inhibit granulocyte elastase release from activated neutrophils."( Rebamipide attenuates indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion formation by inhibiting activation of leukocytes in rats.
Harada, N; Johno, M; Murakami, K; Okabe, H; Okajima, K; Takatsuki, K; Uchiba, M, 1997)		1.02
"Cimetidine produced an increase not proportional to the dose in the systemic availability only of 4-MAA, whereas the kinetics of the other metabolites changed proportionally to the increasing dose of metamizol."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of metamizol.
Bacracheva, N; Drenska, A; Gorantcheva, J; Schinzel, S; Scholl, T; Stoinov, A; Tchakarski, I; Tentcheva, J; Tyutyulkova, N; Vlahov, V, 1997)		1.42
"Cimetidine did not enhance the antiproliferative effect of any of the anticancer drugs investigated."( Cimetidine enhances the antiproliferative effect of 5-fluorouracil on colon carcinoma SW620.
Kamo, N; Komatsubara, M; Miyauchi, S; Nagata, T, )		2.3
"Cimetidine is thought to inhibit suppressor T-lymphocyte function and preliminary evidence from a randomized trial indicated that it might prolong survival for patients with operable and inoperable gastric cancer. "( Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of cimetidine in gastric cancer. British Stomach Cancer Group.
Burton, A; Dunn, JA; Fielding, JW; Hallissey, MT; Kerr, DJ; Langman, MJ; Whiting, JL, 1999)		1.98
"Cimetidine promotes the healing of duodenal ulcer, but prolonged use (perhaps in low dosage) seems to be necessary in many cases to prevent relapse. "( Histamine H2-receptor antagonist in treatment of peptic ulcer.
Wyllie, JH, 1978)		1.7
"Cimetidine significantly promotes healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers; this effect is especially significant in countries with low spontaneous ulcer healing."( [Cimetidine--a new principle in treating peptic lesions (author's transl)].
Arendt, R, 1979)		1.89
"3. Cimetidine in this dose promotes healing of acute gastric erosions in the rat induced by restraint."( Effect of cimetidine on the healing of restraint-induced gastric erosions in the rat.
Clarke, AC; Lee, SP; Tasman-Jones, C, )		1.05
"4. Cimetidine alone did not produce neuromuscular paralysis."( Influence of cimetidine on gallamine-induced neuromuscular paralysis in rats.
Mishra, Y; Ramzan, I, 1992)		1.17
"Cimetidine might inhibit both oxidative pathways to 4OHPPL and NLA, whereas diltiazem might not inhibit the pathway to NLA."( The influence of diltiazem versus cimetidine on propranolol metabolism.
Ebihara, A; Fujimura, A; Ohashi, K; Tateishi, T, 1992)		1.28
"Cimetidine caused an increase in the concentrations of each stereoisomer, but the difference was significant (p less than 0.05) for only the (S,R)-, (S,S)-, and (R,S)-isomers."( Labetalol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: evidence of stereoselective disposition.
Bottorff, MB; Drda, KD; Herring, VL; Lalonde, RL; O'Rear, TL; Wainer, IW, 1990)		1
"Cimetidine inhibited the increase in gastric acid secretion, but papaverine inhibited the increases in both acid secretion and motility."( Roles of gastric acid secretion and motility in gastric mucosal lesion formation induced by water-immersion stress in rats.
Kitagawa, H; Kohei, H; Nishiwaki, H; Takeda, F, 1989)		1
"Cimetidine may increase propranolol's blood concentrations and potentiate beta blocking effects through inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzymes and possibly through reduction of hepatic blood flow."( Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on cardiovascular drugs.
Baciewicz, AM; Baciewicz, FA, 1989)		1.4
"5. Cimetidine appears to produce its effect by stereoselectively inhibiting the elimination of R(+)-nicoumalone."( Cimetidine-nicoumalone interaction in man: stereochemical considerations.
Bottomley, J; Gill, TS; Gupta, SK; Hopkins, KJ; Rowland, M, 1989)		2.23
"Cimetidine did not cause any significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol."( Interaction of bisoprolol with cimetidine and rifampicin.
Kirch, W; Klingmann, I; Ohnhaus, EE; Pabst, J; Rose, I, 1986)		1.28
"Cimetidine suppress GH increase induced by baclofen."( [Growth hormone after baclofen in normal and acromegalic subjects].
Campanella, N; Carletti, P; Marchesi, GF; Morosini, PP; Nardi, B; Sarzani, R, 1985)		0.99
"Cimetidine does not inhibit conjugation mechanisms including glucuronidation, sulphation and acetylation, or deacetylation or ethanol dehydrogenation."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine 1987.
Muirhead, M; Somogyi, A, 1987)		1.28
"Cimetidine failed to increase AGCs in duodenal ulcer patients after 6 weeks of treatment."( Antral gastrin concentrations in duodenal ulcer patients after cimetidine and highly selective vagotomy.
Alp, MH; Butler, RN; Gehling, N; Lawson, MJ; Rofe, SB, 1986)		1.23
"Cimetidine did not increase the gastrin response to apomorphine in vagotomized dogs."( A long lasting gastrin response to apomorphine revealed by inhibitors of gastric acid secretion.
Brodin, K; Elwin, CE; Goiny, M; Uvnäs-Moberg, K, 1987)		0.99
"Cimetidine did not enhance cyclosporine nephrotoxicity."( Effect of phenobarbital and cimetidine on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: preliminary observations.
Benner, KE; Bennett, WM; Houghton, DC; Sasaki, AW; Schwass, DE, 1986)		1.29
"Cimetidine blunted this increase in all the regions of the brain except the pons and bulb."( Cimetidine inhibits the hypoxia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow in dogs.
Amend, P; Clozel, JP; Hartemann, D; Saunier, C, 1985)		2.43
"Cimetidine produced an increase in G-17/G-34 in placebo-treated normal subjects and placebo-treated patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers, but the ratio G-17/G-34 was greater in patients with gastric ulcers than in normal subjects."( Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of gastrin-17, gastrin-34, and total gastrin in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers and in normal subjects.
Brunet, K; Cherry, R; Chitnuyanondh, L; Kirdeikis, P; Mahachai, V; Pinchbeck, B; Sherbaniuk, R; Simpson, I; Walker, K; Zuk, L, 1985)		0.99

Treatment

Cimetidine pretreatment significantly reversed the loss of BMCs, intestinal lining destruction, and fibrosis seen in the untreated irradiated rats. Cimetidine treatment did not improve anthelmintic efficacy of PLS in a poor drug responder mouse strain.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The "cimetidine + ibuprofen"-treated mice displayed greater T-bet expression than the un-treated mice (P<0.006)."( Cimetidine and Ibuprofen Modulate T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.
Hassan, ZM; Jafarzadeh, A; Nemati, M; Oladpour, O; Rezayati, MT; Taghipour, F; Taghipour, Z, 2022)		2.62
"Cimetidine pretreatment significantly reversed the loss of BMCs, intestinal lining destruction, and fibrosis seen in the untreated irradiated rats and significantly decreased the underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio."( Cimetidine a promising radio-protective agent through modulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio: An in vivo study in male rats.
Abdel-Malek, R; Estaphan, S; Mohamed, EA; Rashed, L, 2020)		2.72
"Cimetidine treatment did not improve anthelmintic efficacy of PLS in a poor drug responder mouse strain."( Host genetic influences on the anthelmintic efficacy of papaya-derived cysteine proteinases in mice.
Behnke, JM; Buttle, DJ; Duce, IR; Lowe, A; Luoga, W; Mansur, F; Stepek, G, 2015)		1.14
"Cimetidine treatment significantly decreased creatinine, BUN, K, Na, SBP and creatine kinase and increased GFR and urine volume compared to group II."( A study on the effect of cimetidine and L-carnitine on myoglobinuric acute kidney injury in male rats.
Eissa, H; Elattar, S; Estaphan, S; Farouk, M; Rashed, L, 2015)		1.44
"Cimetidine treatment in a xenograft model using ACHN renal cell carcinoma cells did not differ from vehicle control treatment, similar to the original study (Supplemental Figure 1; Sirota et al., 2011)."( Replication Study: Discovery and preclinical validation of drug indications using compendia of public gene expression data.
Aird, F; Kandela, I, 2017)		1.18
"Cimetidine treatment completely or partially reversed all the IR-mediated changes, while ranitidine was ineffective."( Effects of cytochrome p450 inhibition by cimetidine on the warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Mehvar, R; Shaik, IH, 2010)		1.35
"Cimetidine-treated RBCs were optimally prepared at room temperature and needed to be tested on the day of preparation."( Immune hemolytic anemia due to cimetidine: the first example of a cimetidine antibody.
Arndt, PA; Asuncion, DJ; Brasfield, FM; Garratty, G; Vemuri, SL, 2010)		1.37
"Cimetidine treatment decreased mucus/mucin content after 3 or 6 days of treatment. "( H2 blockers decrease gut mucus production and lead to barrier dysfunction in vitro.
Diebel, LN; Hall-Zimmerman, L; Liberati, DM, 2011)		1.81
"In cimetidine-treated mucosa, most of the parietal cells were morphologically in the resting state, showing numerous tubulovesicles in their cytoplasm."( The cryofixation of isolated rat gastric mucosa provides new insights into the functional transformation of gastric parietal cells: an in vitro experimental model study.
Aoyama, F; Ide, S; Sawaguchi, A; Suganuma, T, 2005)		0.84
"Cimetidine treatment decreased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive hepatocytes and tended to enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity in splenic lymphocytes."( Anti-tumor effects of cimetidine on hepatocellular carcinomas in diethylnitrosamine-treated rats.
Adachi, K; Amano, Y; Furuta, K; Ishihara, S; Ishine, J; Kinoshita, Y; Miyake, T; Okamoto, E; Sato, S, 2008)		1.38
"Cimetidine pretreatment failed to influence the histamine level required to elicit symptoms, hydroxyzine pretreatment significantly raised the level required to increase heart rat by 30%, and the combination of antihistamines significantly raised the threshold for histamine to elicit all the response."( Effects of infused histamine: correlation of plasma histamine levels and symptoms.
Kaliner, M; Ottesen, EA; Shelhamer, JH, 1982)		0.99
"Cimetidine pretreatment also significantly reduced the rate of hepatic glutathione depletion."( Selective inhibition of acetaminophen oxidation and toxicity by cimetidine and other histamine H2-receptor antagonists in vivo and in vitro in the rat and in man.
Mitchell, MC; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1984)		1.23
"Cimetidine treatment was associated with a 47 per cent increase in the area under the propranolol concentration-time curve and a 17 per cent increase in elimination half-life of propranolol."( The influence of H2-receptor antagonists on steady-state concentrations of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol.
Donn, KH; Eshelman, FN; Powell, JR; Rogers, JF, )		0.85
"Cimetidine treatment caused no changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, or iPTH or in urinary cAMP (expressed as nanomoles per g creatinine)."( Cimetidine treatment of azotemic secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Heath, H; Johnson, WJ; Robinson, MF, 1982)		2.43
"Cimetidine treatment, on the other hand, increased the ATPase activity associated with the light microsomes, and produced the heavy microsomal membranes showing only a marginal degree of the ionophore independent H+ accumulation, even though they were very similar to the carbachol-stimulated heavy membranes in the specific activity of K+-stimulated ATPase."( Effect of carbachol or histamine stimulation on rat gastric membranes enriched in (H+-K+)-ATPase.
Blakeman, DP; Fieldhouse, JM; Im, WB; Rabon, EC, 1984)		0.99
"5 cimetidine-treated patients developed cholestasis, and 5 additional central nervous system problems."( [Ranitidine and cimetidine in the prevention of stress: ulcer hemorrhage a prospective comparative multicenter study].
Barth, HO; Berg, P; Brunner, G; Dammann, HG; Franken, FH; Friedl, W; Greiner, L; Groitl, J; Möckel, W; Müller, P, 1984)		1.17
"Cimetidine pretreatment had no significant effect on pupil size either before or after morphine administration or on morphine pharmacokinetics."( Relationship of morphine-induced miosis to plasma concentration in normal subjects.
Fedder, IL; Ferguson, RK; Mojaverian, P; Rocci, ML; Rotmensch, HH; Swanson, BN; Vlasses, PH, 1984)		0.99
"Cimetidine treatment also prolonged survival of mice that did succumb to metastatic disease by about 12 days."( Antimetastatic effect of cimetidine on mice bearing a C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma: survival and lymphocyte function studies.
Anthoons, J; Bates, T; Nias, AH; Penhaligon, M; Pilkington, D; Wolstencroft, RA, )		1.16
"The cimetidine treated patients had more abdominal infectious complications postoperatively but this difference only reached statistical significance when patients who were operated upon for bleeding were excluded."( Does preoperative treatment with cimetidine increase the risk of postoperative infection?
Lundell, L; Persson, G, 1983)		1.03
"Cimetidine pretreatment blocked the increase in plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic secretion in response to a meat meal and ethanol administration."( Effect of alcohol on plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic secretion in dogs.
Chey, WY; Lee, KY; Nishiwaki, H, 1984)		0.99
"Cimetidine treatment also inhibited acidification of gastric fluid."( Influence of cimetidine on the disposition of ibuprofen in the rat.
Christensen, JM; Parrott, KA, 1984)		1.36
"Cimetidine pretreatment with single doses of 62.5 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg had no effect on the bone marrow suppression of azathioprine at 100 mg/kg."( Hematopoietic toxicity by cimetidine. Reexamination using the antimetabolite azathioprine.
Foster, RS; Gamelli, RL; Whisnant, JK, 1983)		1.29
"The cimetidine treated dogs demonstrated a return to normal levels within ten days following intestinal resection, p less than 0.05."( Effect of cimetidine on intestinal adaptation following massive resection of the small intestine.
Banner, BF; Haklin, MF; Roseman, DL; Saxon, AE; Tomas-de la Vega, JE, 1983)		1.15
"Cimetidine treatment tended to increase tumor growth in normal hosts but this was statistically significant in only 1 of 3 experiments."( The effect of histamine, antihistamines, and a mast cell stabilizer on the growth of cloudman melanoma cells in DBA/2 mice.
Askenase, PW; Nordlund, JJ, 1983)		0.99
"The cimetidine-treated group received 300 mg cimetidine orally the evening before the operation and 300 mg intramuscularly between 1 and 3 h preoperatively."( Comparison of cimetidine (Tagamet) with antacid for safety and effectiveness in reducing gastric acidity before elective cesarean section.
Coombs, DW; Gibbs, CP; Glassenberg, R; Hodgkinson, R; Joyce, TH; Ostheimer, GW, 1983)		1.11
"Cimetidine treatment, besides healing the ulcers, also improved the endoscopic duodenitis and the symptomatic state more than placebo treatment."( The relationship between active peptic ulcer, endoscopic duodenitis and symptomatic state after treatment with cimetidine.
Danielsson, A; Ek, B; Nyhlin, H; Steen, L, 1980)		1.19
"Cimetidine pretreatment (300 mg intravenously) inhibited histamine-induced insulin secretion by 98% or more at each point during the infusion (p < 0.05), but did not inhibit an effect of histamine to elevate plasma FFA levels."( Cimetidine blockade of histamine-induced insulin secretion.
Grund, VR; Hunninghake, DB; Martino, R, 1980)		2.43
"The cimetidine treated group healed 17% with 58% pain relief, and the placebo treated group had no ulcers healed at 2 weeks with 60% complete pain relief."( Cimetidine vs placebo: complete gastric ulcer pain relief. Six week controlled double blind study without any antacid therapy.
Collen, MJ; Hánan, MR; Maher, JA; Rent, M; Stubrin, SE, 1980)		2.18
"Cimetidine-treated subjects with duodenal ulcer had healing rates of 71 and 86% at 6 and 12 weeks."( Ulcer healing and relapse rates after initial treatment with cimetidine or sucralfate.
Girdwood, AH; Lucke, W; Marks, IN; Wright, JP, 1981)		1.23
"The cimetidine-treated patients had alkaline gastric fluid with pronounced bacterial growth (4.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(4) micro-organisms/ml), whereas 18/20 untreated patients has a sterile gastric fluid."( [Influence of cimetidine on bacterial growth in gastric fluid (author's transl)].
Ducel, G; Forster, A; Intante, F; Morel, D; Niethamer, T; Pitteloud, JJ; Suter, P, 1982)		1.11
"Cimetidine pretreatment (300 mg intravenously) inhibited histamine-elevated heart rate by 75 per cent (P less than 0.05) and histamine-decreased blood pressure by 54 per cent (P less than 0.05)."( Inhibition of histamine-stimulated increases in heart rate in man with the H2-histamine receptor antagonist cimetidine.
Grund, VR; Hunninghake, DB, )		1.07
"In cimetidine-treated animals, there was increased retention of 99mTc-pertechnetate by the gastric wall as compared with the untreated animals."( The effect of cimetidine on blood clearance, gastric uptake, and secretion of 99mTc-pertechnetate in dogs.
Piccone, JM; Sagar, VV, 1981)		1.14
"Cimetidine treatment could be among the factors postponing surgery of about 30,000 PU cases hospitalized in 1978, the first year of its availability."( The complex wane of peptic ulcer. I. Recent national trends in deaths and hospital care in the United States.
Wylie, CM, 1981)		0.98
"4. Cimetidine treatment of mice prior to ingestion of OVA shows decreased tolerance, while oral administration of pepsin-treated OVA to cimetidine-treated mice leads to a complete immune unresponsiveness; this suggests an important role for gastric digestion in orally induced immune tolerance."( The influence of antigen digestion on orally induced immunity and tolerance.
Jain, SL; Michael, JG, 1995)		0.81
"Cimetidine treatment slightly increased theophylline volume of distribution by approximately 10%, and that change also was statistically significant (P = .032)."( Controlled study of the putative interaction between famotidine and theophylline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Bachmann, K; Jauregui, L; King, JD; Miller, K; Reese, JH; Schwartz, J; Scott, M; Stepanavage, M; Sullivan, TJ; Yeh, KC, 1995)		1.01
"Cimetidine treatment prevented or reverted the increases in the three enzyme activities and in bilirubin content and the fall in proteins."( Cimetidine prevents and partially reverses CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis.
Castillo, C; Mera, E; Mourelle, M; Muriel, P, )		2.3
"Cimetidine treatment caused irregularities in the reproductive cyclicity of mice."( Effects of cimetidine, H2 receptor antagonist, on follicular and luteal development in the mice.
Jaiswal, K; Krishna, A, 1994)		1.4
"Cimetidine treated rats had essentially the same running pattern as controls."( Effects of preadaptation to restricted feeding and cimetidine treatment on gastric mucosal injury and wheel running during exposure to activity-stress.
Garrick, T; Morrow, NS, 1993)		1.26
"Cimetidine pre-treatment slightly, but not significantly, increased the time for half the meal and the Gaviscon to empty from the stomach."( An investigation into the effect of cimetidine pre-treatment on raft formation of an anti-reflux agent.
Robertson, C; Washington, N; Williams, DL; Wilson, CG, 1993)		1.28
"Cimetidine treatment resulted in a modest increase in preoperative parathyroid hormone level but did not affect any other parameter, including serum calcium level or renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. "( Failure of cimetidine to reduce postoperative hypocalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing neck exploratory operation.
Clark, JR; Georgitis, WJ; Merenich, JA, 1993)		2.12
"Cimetidine treatment before neck exploratory operation for PHP does not diminish the frequency or severity of postoperative hypocalcemia."( Failure of cimetidine to reduce postoperative hypocalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing neck exploratory operation.
Clark, JR; Georgitis, WJ; Merenich, JA, 1993)		2.12
"Oral cimetidine for the treatment of verruca continues to be a topic of discussion and controversy. "( Cimetidine and a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
Donohoe, S; Eberly, M; Evans, RD; Yoho, R, 2000)		2.26
"The cimetidine-treated group showed 4% mucosal damage at the peak potential difference fall after aspirin, significantly less (P less than 0.02) than in the untreated subjects."( Protective effect of cimetidine on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage.
Baskin, WN; Ivey, KJ; Krause, WJ; MacKercher, PA, 1977)		1.06
"The cimetidine-treated patients consumed significantly less antacids than placebo-treated patients and these patients' overall assessments of their wellbeing were significantly better."( Cimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal and prepyloric ulcers.
Bodemar, G; Walan, A, 1976)		2.18
"Cimetidine pretreatment protected the histamine sensitivity of gastric mucosa from the irreversible blocking action of dibenamine."( Inhibitory effect of cimetidine, an antagonist of histamine H2-receptor, on gastric acid secretion in isolated frog stomach and in anesthetized young chicken.
Goto, Y; Watanabe, K, 1978)		1.3
"Ten cimetidine-treated patients completed 12 months' treatment without suffering a recurrence of symptoms, whereas 5 of 9 placebo-treated patients suffered a symptomatic relapse after 7 to 18 weeks (P less than 0.025)."( Prophylactic effect of cimetidine in gastric ulcer patients.
Jensen, KB; Madsen, JR; Møllmann, KM; Rahbek, I; Rune, SJ; Wulff, HR, 1979)		1.05
"The cimetidine-treated patients consumed significantly less antacids than the placebo-treated patients, and the over all assessment of their well-being was significantly better (90.9% patient satisfaction with treatment in the cimetidine group compared to 18.2% in the placebo group)."( Cimetidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis.
Brown, P, 1979)		2.18
"Cimetidine treatment reduced the median healing time to approximately 12 days."( Effect of cimetidine on the healing of restraint-induced gastric erosions in the rat.
Clarke, AC; Lee, SP; Tasman-Jones, C, )		1.26
"Cimetidine treatment (1200 mg/day) applied to 5 patients for 4 weeks did not produce any clinical or laboratory improvement."( Common variable immunodeficiency: a clinical and laboratory evaluation of 15 cases.
Hilario, MO; Leser, PG; Naspitz, CK; Soares, FJ; Solé, D, )		0.85
"In cimetidine-pretreated animals, the cerebral blood flow was significantly elevated and the plasma and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) levels were slightly but significantly reduced as compared with the untreated stressed group."( Histamine modulates heat stress-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral blood flow, brain oedema and serotonin levels: an experimental study in conscious young rats.
Cervos-Navarro, J; Dey, PK; Nyberg, F; Sharma, HS, 1992)		0.8
"Cimetidine treatment resulted in a significant reduction in diltiazem oral clearance from chronic control with no effect on its systemic clearance."( The effects of chronic oral diltiazem and cimetidine dosing on the pharmacokinetics and negative dromotropic action of intravenous and oral diltiazem in the dog.
Bai, SA; Lankford, S; Maskasame, C, 1992)		1.27
"Cimetidine treatment inhibited APND, PROD and EMND activities to a greater extent in microsomes from uninduced rats than in those from PB- or DEX-induced rats, suggesting that the induced cytochrome P-450 enzymes were less affected by cimetidine than were those in uninduced rats."( Selective inhibition of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. I. Effect of the in vivo administration of cimetidine.
Bandiera, SM; Bellward, GD; Chang, T; Levine, M, 1992)		1.22
"Cimetidine pretreatment (50 mg s.c."( The role of the vagus nerve in the protective action of acid inhibitors on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.
Chen, BW; Cho, CH; Hui, WM; Lam, SK; Ogle, CW, )		0.85
"Cimetidine treatment had no effect on milk lipid, solid, or protein content, but at 180 mg/kg/day, caused a significant increase in milk lactose."( Excretion of high concentrations of cimetidine and ranitidine into rat milk and their effects on milk composition and mammary gland nucleic acid content.
Dostal, LA; Schwetz, BA; Weaver, RP, 1990)		1.28
"Cimetidine treatment and the suppression of the acid-producing function of the stomach augmented enteric dysbacteriosis and H."( [The intestinal microflora and acid-forming function of the stomach in peptic ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori bacteriosis].
Aruin, LI; Dugasheva, LG; Il'chenko, AA; Korshunova, VM; Radakova, ED; Zhukhovitskiĭ, VG, 1991)		1
"The cimetidine treatment increased mean pH and reduced the number of spikes but did not affect emptying rates."( Sucralfate versus cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis. The effect on oesophageal pH and motility.
Elsborg, L; Jørgensen, F, 1991)		1.1
"Cimetidine-treated group consisted of 15, famotidine-treated group of 18, ranitidine-treated group of 19, and antacid-treated group of 5 patients."( Comparative efficacy of cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and mylanta in postoperative stress ulcers. Gastric pH control and ulcer prevention in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Castellano, J; Lamothe, PH; Lemole, GM; McNicholas, KW; Rao, E; Serra, AJ; Woronick, CL, 1991)		1.31
"1. Cimetidine pretreatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a significant increase in the specific content of total hepatic cytochrome P-450, supporting the hypothesis that this H2-receptor antagonist has monooxygenase induction effects. "( Cimetidine: an inhibitor and an inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450.
Reilly, PE; Winzor, DJ; Wright, AW, 1991)		2.35
"(v) Cimetidine pretreatment (30 min) followed by EtOH did not significantly reduce plasma volume, stomach weight, or the gross hemorrhagic lesions compared to EtOH alone, but (vi) misoprostol pretreatment followed by EtOH significantly protected against hemorrhagic lesions and elevated tissue plasma volumes."( Effects of misoprostol, cimetidine, and ethanol on rat gastric plasma volume and morphology.
Hund, P; Lacy, ER; Tietge, J, 1990)		1.07
"Cimetidine pretreatment resulted in prolongation of cyclophosphamide's half-life from 24.3 +/- 7.3 to 33.5 +/- 9.5 min (mean +/- SD; P = 0.036) but did not significantly alter the AUC0-8 h for the latter drug."( The effect of cimetidine on cyclophosphamide metabolism in rabbits.
Anthony, LB; Hande, KR; Long, QC; Struck, RF, 1990)		1.36
"More cimetidine-treated patients (35 of 82, 43%) than placebo-treated patients (26 of 79, 33%) had healed ulcers after 4 weeks of therapy."( Acute treatment of benign gastric ulcer with once-daily bedtime dosing of cimetidine compared with placebo.
Frank, WO; Karlstadt, R; Mounce, W; O'Connell, S; Palmer, R; Rockhold, F; Young, MD, 1989)		0.96
"Cimetidine treatment shortened the median interval until the first decrease in pain, the median interval until the complete resolution of pain and promoted faster complete healing of skin lesions than symptomatic treatment."( Cimetidine as an immunomodulator in the treatment of herpes zoster.
Harel, D; Lahat, N; Laor, A; Miller, A, 1989)		2.44
"Cimetidine treatment was associated with an initial moderate increase in locomotor activity which was increased significantly as a function of time."( Behavioral and metabolic aspects of cimetidine-ethanol interaction.
Messiha, FS, )		1.13
"With Cimetidine pretreatment the risk of aspiration and pneumonitis may be prevented."( Usefulness of acid and gastric juice secretion decreasing action of cimetidine in anaesthesia for the prevention of aspiration.
Takács, G, 1989)		0.97
"4. Cimetidine treatment had no effect (P greater than 0.05) on the time-averaged percent unbound in plasma of R(-)-ibuprofen (C 0.419 +/- 0.051% vs T 0.435 +/- 0.060%) and S(+)-ibuprofen (C 0.643 +/- 0.093% vs T 0.633 +/- 0.053%)."( Lack of effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of R(-)- and S(+)-ibuprofen.
Evans, AM; Nation, RL; Sansom, LN, 1989)		1.12
"Cimetidine pretreatment inhibited theobromine 3-demethylation and AMMU formation resulting in a 27% decrease in ClTB in the combined smoker/nonsmoker group."( Influence of cimetidine, sulfinpyrazone, and cigarette smoking on theobromine metabolism in man.
Attwood, J; Birkett, DJ; Miners, JO; Wing, LM, )		1.22
"The cimetidine-treated group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in clearance of bupivacaine."( Effects of H-2 antagonists on the elimination of bupivacaine.
Dundas, CR; Noble, DW; Smith, KJ, 1987)		0.75
"Cimetidine pretreatment decreased PX plasma clearance by 30%."( Paraxanthine metabolism in humans: determination of metabolic partial clearances and effects of allopurinol and cimetidine.
Birkett, DJ; Kjellen, G; Lelo, A; Miners, JO, 1989)		1.21
"Cimetidine treatment of animals in which suppressor cells were induced resulted in an inability of these mice to transfer cellular suppression as measured by development of a normal immunologic response in the recipient mice."( Inhibition of suppressor cell function by cimetidine in a murine model.
Cleveland, RP; Jin, ZW; Kaufman, DB; Kumar, A; Murray, DL, 1986)		1.26
"Cimetidine treatment of mice who had also received suppressor cells eliminated the manifestation of suppressor cell activity as measured by the development of normal immunologic response following contact sensitization with DNFB."( "Immunoregulatory effects of cimetidine: inhibition of suppressor cell effector function in vivo".
Cleveland, RP; Kumar, A, 1988)		1.29
"Cimetidine pretreatment had no effect on either baseline FEV1 or on baseline histamine PC20 (p = 0.461)."( A new role for histamine H2-receptors in asthmatic airways.
Jackson, PJ; Manning, PJ; O'Byrne, PM, 1988)		1
"Cimetidine pretreatment failed to modify the prolactin rise in this case."( Central histaminergic effect on basal and opioid-induced prolactin secretion.
Antunes-Rodrigues, J; Castro-e-Silva, E, 1988)		1
"Cimetidine pretreatment reduced the bioavailability of oral melphalan by approximately 30% (P less than 0.05)."( Interaction of cimetidine with oral melphalan. A pharmacokinetic study.
Bateman, DN; Proctor, SJ; Robinson, A; Sviland, L, 1987)		1.35
"Cimetidine treatment of DU patients did not change the PGE2 action, while the degree of stimulation by histamine was reduced."( Morphologically different biopsy specimens of the human gastric mucosa. II. Adenylate cyclase activity in response to prostaglandin E2 and histamine.
Leyhe, T; Pfaff, G; Rettenmaier, G; Ruoff, HJ; Schmid, E, 1986)		0.99
"Cimetidine treatment was successful for seven years but dose reduction was followed by intractable hemorrhage which did not respond to H2-receptor antagonists."( Long term management of hemorrhagic esophagitis with cimetidine and omeprazole.
Bonnin, M; Hetzel, DJ, 1986)		1.24
"The cimetidine treatment induced a partial abrogation of the immunosuppressive effect of Cytoxan as manifested by a significant decline in the volume of the XGVHR from 115.23 +/- 15.72 mm3 (positive control) to 67.3 +/- 11.41 mm3 (P less than 0.01)."( Abrogation of the local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction by preinjection of cimetidine to the immunosuppressed host rats: an experimental model for testing preclinical immunorestorative activity in vivo.
Chu, DT; Mavligit, GM; Wong, WL, 1987)		0.98
"Cimetidine treatment resulted in a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels which was not found in the ranitidine group."( A comparative study of the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on carbohydrate tolerance, growth hormone secretion and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in man.
Amphlett, G; Barnes, GD; Hoad, J; Lowry, C; Riley, AJ; Saunders, J; Scobie, IN; Sonksen, PH; Wheeler, MJ, 1986)		1.24
"Cimetidine treatment enhanced both metronidazole (at 1, 2 and 3 hrs) and tinidazole (only at 1 hr) concentrations in plasma, but this shift was not reflected in the 24-hr urine recoveries of the intact nitroimidazoles."( Effect of enzyme induction and inhibition on the fate of metronidazole and tinidazole in the rat.
Haataja, H; Männistö, PT; Saijonmaa, O, 1987)		0.99
"Cimetidine treatment significantly promoted the healing of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers with extensive acid secreting areas when compared with placebo, but not of the gastric ulcers without extensive acid secreting areas."( Effects of cimetidine on the healing and recurrence of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers.
Iishi, H; Okuda, S; Tatsuta, M, 1986)		1.38
"Cimetidine-treated cultures closed faster and had greater cell proliferation than controls."( Wound healing properties of cimetidine in vitro.
Hanson, VA; Mohamed, S; Nadijcka, MD, 1986)		1.29
"The cimetidine-treated spleen cells acquired the capacity to lyse the KK cells on day 14."( Effects of cimetidine on tumor growth and immune function in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma.
Kato, K; Kikuchi, Y; Kizawa, I; Oomori, K, 1985)		1.14
"Cimetidine treatment resulted in significantly more rapid healing than placebo; after 2 and 6 weeks of therapy, 10.0% and 44.8% of patients receiving placebo were healed, as compared to 22.6% and 65.1% receiving cimetidine."( Healing of benign gastric ulcer: comparison of cimetidine and placebo in the United States.
Achord, JL; Akdamar, K; Belsito, AA; Dyck, WP; Englert, E; Graham, DY; Kornfield, RN; Long, WB; Strickland, RG; Vlahcevic, ZR, 1985)		1.25
"Cimetidine treatment results in redistribution of HDL subfractions in favour of HDL2."( The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on serum high density lipoprotein subfractions.
Champion, MC; Ooi, TC; Peden, NR; Simo, EI, 1985)		1.35
"Cimetidine maintenance treatment has no effect on sexual activity, the quality of seminal fluid or the pituitary secretion of gonadotropins or prolactin."( Long-term treatment with cimetidine does not essentially affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in man.
Barattini, G; Bianchi Porro, G; Petrillo, M; Ragni, G; Ruspa, M, 1985)		1.29
"Cimetidine treatment was associated with increases of 26 and 18% in carbamazepine area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and elimination half-life, respectively."( The influence of cimetidine on single-dose carbamazepine pharmacokinetics.
Dalton, MJ; Messenheimer, JA; Powell, JR, )		1.19
"Cimetidine pretreatment elevated phenylbutazone plasma concentrations during the first 8 h after phenylbutazone administration."( Effects of oral cimetidine on plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone in horses.
Blythe, LL; Christensen, JM; Craig, AM, 1985)		1.34
"A treatment with cimetidine appears to be an excellent therapeutic option in children with Erythropoietic protoporphyria."( Erythropoietic protoporphyria: case reports for clinical and therapeutic hints.
Berti, I; Burlo, F; De Martino, E; Marchini, S; Pastore, S; Severini, GM; Tommasini, A; Tumminelli, C; Zanon, D, 2023)		1.24
"Treatment with Cimetidine increased the frequency of CD8+ T cells in the patient's peripheral blood."( Cimetidine effects on the immunosuppression induced by burn injury.
Barough, MS; Hassan, ZM; Kokhaei, P, 2014)		2.18
"Treatment with cimetidine shifted the concentration-response curve of histamine to the right in the presence of diphenhydramine."( Histamine-induced modulation of vascular tone in the isolated chicken basilar artery: a possible involvement of endothelium.
Miyamoto, A; Obi, T; Okuno, T; Shiraishi, M; Yabuki, A, 2008)		0.69
"Treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine markedly inhibited suppressor T cell activity in a dose-related manner and enhanced the contact sensitivity response to DNFB."( Inhibition of T suppressor cell expression by histamine type 2 (H2) receptor antagonists.
Alessi, S; Badger, AM; Griswold, DE; Hanna, N; Poste, G, 1984)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine (1 mg kg-1) or dimaprit (1 mg kg-1) did not influence the response capacity to antigen challenge in IgG1- type animals."( Changes in bronchial anaphylactic reactivity induced in guinea-pigs by long-term treatment with histamine H2-agents.
Andersson, P; Bergstrand, H, 1984)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine, but not ranitidine, was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocytes responding to this optimal mitogenic stimulation."( Mitogen stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of duodenal ulcer patients during treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine.
Beck, JS; Boyd, EJ; Brown, RA; Gibbs, JH; Peden, NR; Potts, RC; Robertson, AJ; Wormsley, KG, 1982)		0.82
"Treatment with cimetidine in patients with asymptomatic chronic DU disease, reduced gastric acidity to the same level as after highly selective vagotomy (HSV), but increased plasma noradrenaline concentrations insignificantly."( Is there a relationship between gastric acid secretion and plasma catecholamines in duodenal ulcer disease?
Farnebo, LO; Graffner, H; Hamberger, B; Järhult, J, 1983)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine was associated with an increase in pH of gastric aspirate during treatment and increased numbers of bacteria were isolated from the gastric aspirate during treatment, while the pH and bacterial flora of gastric aspirate did not change during tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate treatment."( Effects of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TDB) tablets or cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Axon, AT; Hamilton, I; O'Connor, HJ; Worsley, BW, 1983)		0.85
"Treatment with cimetidine did not lead to an increased incidence of rejection of the allograft."( Effect of cimetidine on upper gastrointestinal bleeding after renal transplantation: a prospective study.
Christensen, U; Dahlager Jørgensen, JI; Kjersem, H; Løkkegaard, H; Stadil, F; Thorup Andersen, J; Walter, S, 1984)		1.01
"Pretreatment with cimetidine for 4 weeks (1000 mg daily) led to increased peak plasma concentrations of 5FU and also area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)."( The influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil.
Clark, PI; Dilloway, MR; Harvey, VJ; Johnston, A; Lant, AF; Slevin, ML, 1984)		0.93
"Pretreatment with cimetidine was found to increase both the rate and extent of absorption of ibuprofen."( Influence of cimetidine on the disposition of ibuprofen in the rat.
Christensen, JM; Parrott, KA, 1984)		0.96
"Treatment with cimetidine resulted in healing of the ulcer, without recurrence and marked amelioration of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis."( Long-term treatment of systemic mastocytosis with histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
Blumenthal, M; Gilbert, HS; Johnson, GJ; Roitman, B; Silvis, SE, 1980)		0.6
"Pretreatment with cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonism) was necessary to avoid unpleasant side effects of histamine."( Histamine provocation of clinical coronary artery spasm: implications concerning pathogenesis of variant angina pectoris.
Baim, DS; Bristow, MR; Ginsburg, R; Harrison, DC; Kantrowitz, N, 1981)		0.59
"Treatment with cimetidine potentiated these pharmacodynamic changes, but failed to achieve significant differences from quinidine alone."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine.
Golden, L; Hardy, BG; Lalka, D; Schentag, JJ; Zador, IT, 1983)		1.01
"Treatment with cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime or twice daily for up to 12 months very significantly reduced recurrence of symptomatic ulceration."( Cimetidine treatment for the prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcer: an international collaborative study.
Beresford, J; Burland, WL; Hawkins, BW, 1980)		2.04
"Treatment with cimetidine of patients with renal failure may invalidate measurements of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance as standard routine tests for glomerular filtration rate."( The effects of cimetidine (Tagamet) on renal function in patients with renal failure.
Bodemar, G; Kågedal, B; Larsson, R; Walan, A, 1980)		0.95
"Treatment with cimetidine for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms and in the endoscopic appearance of the duodenitis when compared to treatment with placebo."( Cimetidine in the management of symptomatic patients with duodenitis: a double-blind controlled trial.
Mackinnon, M; Whitehead, R; Willing, RL, 1982)		2.05
"Treatment with cimetidine (1000 mg daily in four divided doses) was given for 3--30 weeks to 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). "( Treatment with cimetidine in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Akerström, G; Johansson, H; Ljunghall, S; Rudberg, C; Selking, O; Wide, L, 1982)		0.97
"When treated with cimetidine asthmatic patients displayed significantly more bronchospasm at T than with placebo (p less than 0.035)."( Histamine blocking agents in healthy and asthmatic subjects.
Brown, S; Gerstenhaber, B; Lach, E; Schachter, EN, 1982)		0.59
"Treatment with cimetidine failed in three patients (25%) who were submitted to selective vagotomy and their ulcers healed."( [Cimetidine in the treatment of postoperative peptic ulcer].
de Mello, JB; Ladeia, JC; Navarro, AM; Peixoto, LD; Rajab, I; Tolói Júnior, N, )		1.38
"Treatment with cimetidine has produced satisfactory control of his symptoms for 16 months, and is an acceptable alternative to total gastrectomy in childhood."( Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in a child: medical treatment with cimetidine.
Atwell, JD; Drake, DP; Maciver, AG, 1980)		0.84
"Pre-treatment with Cimetidine did not change the basal levels of hepatic GSH, but after oral ethanol load, the decrease of the hepatic GSH content was significantly (p < 0.005) more pronounced than in controls."( Hepatic glutathione determination after ethanol administration in rat: evidence of the first-pass metabolism of ethanol.
Battiston, L; Lunazzi, G; Marchi, P; Mazzoran, L; Micheli, L; Moretti, M; Pozzato, G; Tulissi, P, 1995)		0.61
"Rats treated with cimetidine had less mucosal injury but had no increased survival when compared to rats injected with the vehicle."( Effects of preadaptation to restricted feeding and cimetidine treatment on gastric mucosal injury and wheel running during exposure to activity-stress.
Garrick, T; Morrow, NS, 1993)		0.86
"Pretreatment with cimetidine blocked HCl and pepsinogen responses to carbachol but did not affect responses to forskolin."( Nonparallel secretion of pepsinogen and acid by gastric oxyntopeptic cells of the toad (Bufo marinus).
Abad, MJ; Acosta, A; Michelangeli, F; Ruiz, MC, 1993)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine attenuated the sustained relaxation, whereas chlorpheniramine or indomethacin depressed the phasic relaxation."( Histamine actions in dog retinal central arteries as compared to those in middle cerebral and temporal arteries.
Kani, K; Kitamura, Y; Okamura, T; Toda, N, 1995)		0.63
"Pretreatment with cimetidine (20 micrograms/rat, ICV) prevented the dimaprit-induced changes in SS binding in the frontoparietal cortex, whereas cimetidine alone (20 micrograms/rat, ICV) had no observable effect on this parameter."( Effect of dimaprit and cimetidine on the somatostatinergic system in the rat frontoparietal cortex.
Arilla, E; Puebla, L, 1996)		0.93
"Treatment with cimetidine locally may be of some value to relieve the clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis."( The effect of the H2 antagonist cimetidine on the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis.
Fan, DS; Liu, T; Yang, PC; Zhang, TY, 1997)		0.92
"Treatment of cimetidine did not affect cellular uptake of cisplatin."( Role of cytochrome P-450 as a source of catalytic iron in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Baliga, M; Baliga, R; Shah, SV; Ueda, N; Zhang, Z, 1998)		0.65
"Pretreatment with cimetidine showed a marked protection against this decline in polyamine contents at both the doses tested (37.5 mg kg-1 and 75 mg kg-1) and increased the contents of spermidine and spermine above the control values."( Effect of ulceration on rat gastric tissue polyamine contents in response to different procedures; inhibition of these effects by cimetidine.
Al-shabanah, OA; Raza, M, 1999)		0.83
"Pretreatment with cimetidine caused a significant reduction in gastric mucosal injury in stressed animals receiving gastric mucosal barrier breakers."( Cimetidine protects against stress-induced gastric injury augmented by mucosal barrier breakers.
Levine, BA; Pruitt, BA; Sirinek, KR, 1979)		2.03
"Oral treatment with cimetidine, 450 mg/dog/day in three divided doses for 14 days, produced a remarkable acceleration of healing of duodenal ulcers but exerted little influence on gastric ulcers."( Effects of cimetidine on healing of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers in dogs.
Murata, T; Okabe, S; Takeuchi, K; Urushidani, T, 1978)		0.96
"2. Treatment with cimetidine in doses of 100 mg/kg 8-hourly during a 24 h period of restraint prevented the development of acute gastric ulceration in the rat."( Prevention of acute gastric ulceration in the rat by cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Lee, SP; Tasman-Jones, C, )		0.7
"Pretreatment with cimetidine (a histamine H2 receptor antagonist) significantly thwarted the increases in the brain water content and the blood-brain barrier permeability."( Histamine modulates heat stress-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral blood flow, brain oedema and serotonin levels: an experimental study in conscious young rats.
Cervos-Navarro, J; Dey, PK; Nyberg, F; Sharma, HS, 1992)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine reduced circadian and nocturnal (but not diurnal) intragastric acidity significantly, as compared to both placebo and antacid treatment."( Comparison of low-dose antacids, cimetidine, and placebo on 24-hour intragastric acidity in healthy volunteers.
Berstad, A; Osnes, M; Weberg, R, 1992)		0.9
"Treatment with cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist) resulted in diarrhea, however, the addition of cyproheptadine (H1 receptor antagonist) was beneficial in amelioration of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis."( Systemic mastocytosis treated with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.
Falk, ES; Gasior-Chrzan, B, 1992)		0.62
"Treatment with cimetidine (CAS 51481-61-9) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (twice a day for 3 days) did not affect either the development or the healing of the compound 48/80-induced gastric lesions."( Effect of cimetidine on the mucosal hydroxyproline content of rat gastric lesions induced by compound 48/80.
Arisawa, T; Goto, H; Hase, S; Kuroiwa, M; Ohara, A; Segawa, K; Sugiyama, S; Suzuki, T; Tsuchida, T; Tsukamoto, Y, 1991)		1.02
"Pretreatment with cimetidine 15, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day i.p."( Effects of cimetidine on drug metabolism in rat pups.
Ikediobi, CO; Kwanashie, HO; Osuide, G; Wambebe, C, )		0.84
"Treatment with cimetidine, 800 mg u.i.d., for 6-12 weeks was efficacious in the majority of patients with reflux esophagitis grade I-III."( Efficacy of different doses of cimetidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. A review of three large, double-blind, controlled trials.
Nicolai, JJ; Reman, FC; Tytgat, GN, 1990)		0.9
"Treatment with cimetidine caused the remission of cutaneous manifestations and the extracutaneous abnormalities, such as nailfold capillary disturbances and the presence of antithyroid antibodies, improved."( Treatment with cimetidine of atypical fasciitis panniculitis syndrome.
Abrahamson, JE; Boss, JH; Misselevitch, I; Naschitz, JE; Rosner, I; Yeshurun, D, 1990)		0.97
"Treatment with cimetidine during the induction but not the elicitation of allergic contact hypersensitivity (ACH) produced a significant enhancement of the response throughout the first 48 h."( Cimetidine-induced augmentation of allergic contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice.
Belsito, DV; Kerdel, FA; Potozkin, J; Soter, NA, 1990)		2.06
"Treatment with cimetidine plus diphenhydramine prevented the endotoxin-induced blood pressure fall, increase in heart rate, and hypoglycemia; increased the 24-hr survival rate from 10 to 60%; and inhibited the small intestinal pathology found in control rats."( The effects of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists on the development of endotoxemia in the conscious, unrestrained rat.
Brackett, DJ; Schaefer, CF; Wilson, MF, 1985)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine of the patient with excessive suppressor activity led to an improvement in his clinical state, reduction in suppressor activity, temporary effect on his proliferative response capacity to mitogens, and an increase in the antigen-specific helper activity."( Common variable immunodeficiency: a family study and therapeutic trial with cimetidine.
Brautbar, C; Dayan, M; Epstein, N; Michalevitch, R; Moses, E; Peller, S; Segal, R; Zecler, E, 1989)		0.85
"Treatment with cimetidine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) did not prevent compound 48/80-induced gastric lesions."( Fluctuation of the mucosal hydroxyproline content in compound 48/80-induced gastric lesions in rats.
Arisawa, T; Goto, H; Hase, S; Kawabe, Y; Kuroiwa, M; Nakazawa, S; Osada, T; Segawa, K; Tsuchida, T; Tsukamoto, Y, 1989)		0.62
"Pretreatment with cimetidine did not influence the magnitude of increase in GST concentration."( Preoperative cimetidine does not prevent subclinical halothane hepatotoxicity in man.
Beckett, GJ; Drummond, GB; Howie, AF; Ray, DC, 1989)		0.97
"Treatment with cimetidine at high doses, either before or after inhalation injury, did not protect the animals from formation of pulmonary edema."( Effect of high-dose cimetidine on pulmonary extravascular water after acute smoke inhalation injury.
Matsubara, G; Santibanez, AS; Stewart, RJ; Yamaguchi, KT, )		0.79
"Pretreatment with cimetidine (300 mg iv) depressed the drinking response to histamine to 30 +/- 10 ml and to pentagastrin to 58 +/- 24 ml."( Water drinking induced by gastric secretagogues in pigs.
Houpt, TR; Troy, DW; Weixler, LC, 1986)		0.59
"Treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine (another H2-receptor antagonist) for 5 days induced a marked decrease in basal plasma TSH concentrations (P less than 0.01), with no changes in pituitary concentrations of TSH."( Effects of histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists on thyrotrophin secretion in the rat.
Ulloa, ER; Zaninovich, AA, 1986)		0.61
"Treatment C, cimetidine 300 mg orally four times daily for 4 days and Treatment D, ranitidine 150 mg orally twice daily for 4 days were administered in a randomized, crossover fashion."( The paradoxical effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on glibenclamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Antal, EJ; Juhl, RP; Kubacka, RT, 1987)		0.93
"Treatment with cimetidine potentiated contraction in the strips with intact and damaged endothelium to a similar extent and attenuated relaxation."( Mechanism of histamine actions in human coronary arteries.
Toda, N, 1987)		0.61
"When treatment with cimetidine was initiated after completion of chemotherapy, the depressed IL-2 production was restored to the level of control patients with benign ovarian tumor."( Effects of cimetidine on interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Iwano, I; Kato, K; Kikuchi, Y; Kita, T; Kizawa, I; Miyauchi, M; Oomori, K, 1988)		0.98
"Treatment with cimetidine reduced the hepatic cytosolic androgen receptor content compared with ranitidine treatment."( Effect of an antiandrogenic H2 receptor antagonist on hepatic regeneration in rats.
Chapchap, P; Eagon, PK; Kahn, D; Makowka, L; Podesta, L; Starzl, TE; Svanas, GW; Van Thiel, DH, 1988)		0.61
"Treatment with cimetidine four days after immunization or one day before assay led to a slight decline in PFC level."( Enhancement of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell levels by cimetidine in vivo.
Cleveland, RP; Kumar, A, 1987)		0.85
"Treatment with cimetidine also causes an increase in the plasma testosterone level without modifying the plasma values of LH and prolactin."( Antiprostatic effect of cimetidine in rats.
Cavallaro, R; Caviezel, F; Cocchi, D; Colombo, R; Faravelli, R; Galmozzi, G; Pinelli, P; Trivulzio, S, 1987)		0.92
"Pretreatment with Cimetidine did not increase the enzyme concentrations further."( Exocrine pancreatic substitution: facts and controversies.
Worning, H, 1986)		0.59
"Treatment with cimetidine did not affect the clinical condition of the dogs, but was associated with a slightly less rapid weight gain."( Safety evaluation of cimetidine: report at the termination of a seven-year study in dogs.
Crean, GP; Leslie, GB; Roe, FJ; Walker, TF; Whitehead, SM, 1987)		0.93
"Pretreatment with cimetidine resulted in a significant, dose-dependent decrease in the CD50 of lidocaine, whereas ranitidine pretreatment did not significantly alter the lidocaine CD50."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on local anesthetic central nervous system toxicity in mice.
Kim, KC; Tasch, MD, 1986)		0.98
"Pretreatment with cimetidine (histamine H2-receptor antagonist, 40 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on these plasma variables."( Increase of plasma renin activity after subcutaneous application of compound 48/80 in the rat.
Aoki, T; Ho, S; Izumi, H; Michelakis, AM, 1985)		0.59
"Treatment with cimetidine resulted in healing of ulcer craters in 68.5 per cent but resolution of the duodenitis was observed in only 28.1 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"( Duodenitis: a clinical, endoscopic and histopathologic study.
Sircus, W, 1985)		0.61

Toxicity

Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions received 494 reports concerning a total of 612 suspected adverse reactions to peptic ulcer drugs. In terms of safety, a greater number of patients receiving cimetidine reported adverse clinical experiences than those receiving famotidine.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Our review of published material, manufacturer's files, and submissions to the United States Food and Drug Administration indicates that cimetidine is safe for short term use (up to 8 weeks)."( Safety of cimetidine.
Kruss, DM; Littman, A, 1978)		0.86
" Most of the early excess in mortality was attributable to cimetidine being given in the late stages of many diseases, often to counter adverse gastric effects of other drugs."( Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine: 10 year mortality report.
Colin-Jones, DG; Langman, MJ; Lawson, DH; Logan, RF; Paterson, KR; Vessey, MP, 1992)		0.79
" The pattern of adverse events reported during long-term treatment was similar to the adverse-event profile in short-term treatment with omeprazole (n = 2,818), ranitidine (n = 1,572) and cimetidine (n = 891)."( Safety experience from long-term treatment with omeprazole.
Joelson, IB; Joelson, S; Lundborg, P; Walan, A; Wallander, MA, 1992)		0.47
"During the period from the first marketing of cimetidine in 1977 and until 31 March 1990, the Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions received 494 reports concerning a total of 612 suspected adverse reactions to peptic ulcer drugs (ATC group A02B)."( [Adverse effects of ulcer drugs before and after release of cimetidine, ranitidine and sucralfate for over-the-counter sale].
Andersen, M; Schou, JS, 1991)		0.78
"Reports of adverse drug reactions due to histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are rare considering their wide usage."( Overview of the safety profile of the H2-receptor antagonists.
Hansten, PD, 1990)		0.28
" The authors report increased serum clozapine levels and adverse side effects during clozapine and cimetidine treatment but not during clozapine and ranitidine treatment in a patient with chronic paranoid schizophrenia."( A case report of cimetidine-induced clozapine toxicity.
Cooper, T; Lieberman, JA; Masiar, S; Picou, D; Szymanski, S, 1991)		0.84
" Therefore, pretreatment with cimetidine, a potent P450 cytochrome system inhibitor, might be expected to prevent the toxic conversion."( Failure of cimetidine to affect phalloidin toxicity.
Michelson, EA; Schneider, SM; Vanscoy, G, 1991)		0.96
" As part of the study, cimetidine (800 mg daily) was administered during RT to relieve and prevent adverse reactions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by RT."( Radiation therapy of the para-aortic lymph nodes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: the concurrent use of cimetidine to reduce acute and subacute side effects from radiation.
Chatani, M; Hishikawa, Y; Ikeda, H; Inoue, T; Kamikonya, N; Matayoshi, Y; Nishiyama, K; Tanaka, S; Teshima, T, )		0.66
" Both p-HPPH and m-HPPH were much less developmentally toxic than DPH."( Use of Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus and an exogenous metabolic activation system to evaluate the developmental toxicity of diphenylhydantoin.
Bantle, JA; Fort, DJ, 1990)		0.28
" In terms of safety, a greater number of patients receiving cimetidine reported adverse clinical experiences than those receiving famotidine and a greater number of cimetidine patients had to be withdrawn from the study when compared with famotidine patients."( Safety and acid-suppressant properties of histamine2-receptor antagonists for the prevention of stress-related mucosal damage in critical care patients.
Carter, CA; Schentag, JJ; Welage, LS, 1989)		0.52
" The incidence of serious adverse events reported in comparative short-term studies with H2-receptor antagonists and placebo were similar."( The clinical safety of omeprazole.
Sölvell, L, 1989)		0.28
" Haematological adverse effects are relatively uncommon and most have been reported in cases of cimetidine administration."( Haematological adverse effects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Aymard, B; Aymard, JP; Bannwarth, B; Netter, P; Streiff, F; Trechot, P, )		0.35
" The multiple sources of confounding factors, and their high prevalence, make it impossible to detect adverse events which mimic ordinary disease, particularly when a consistent relationship between adverse event and drug exposure is not observed."( Review: post-marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine--the problems of data interpretation.
Jones, DG; Langman, MJ; Lawson, DH; Vessey, MP, 1987)		0.52
" Safety studies, including haematological and biochemical testing over the whole period, revealed no previously unknown adverse reaction."( Six years of continuous cimetidine treatment in peptic ulcer disease: efficacy and safety. Anglo-Irish Cimetidine Long-Term Study Group.
Bardhan, KD, 1988)		0.58
" Patients recorded their drug compliance, antacid use, ulcer symptoms, and adverse experiences daily."( Enprostil and cimetidine: comparative efficacy and safety in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Almström, C; Carling, L; Cronstedt, J; Ekström, P; Hägg, S; Hansson, B; Unge, P, 1987)		0.63
"Gastrointestinal symptoms have been the most frequently reported adverse experiences in the misoprostol (Cytotec) studies of both patients with peptic ulcer disease, and healthy subjects."( Focus on misoprostol: review of worldwide safety data.
Wildeman, RA, 1987)		0.27
" We conclude that smoking adversely affects duodenal ulcer healing by cimetidine and hastens subsequent relapse, and that sucralfate overcomes the adverse effect of smoking on healing as encountered with cimetidine, and results in a subsequent remission period double that of cimetidine."( Sucralfate overcomes adverse effect of cigarette smoking on duodenal ulcer healing and prolongs subsequent remission.
Branicki, FJ; Choi, TK; Fok, PJ; Hui, WM; Lai, CL; Lam, SK; Lau, WY; Lok, AS; Ng, MM; Poon, GP, 1987)		0.51
" There were no toxic effects on the gastric mucosa of any dog."( Safety evaluation of cimetidine: report at the termination of a seven-year study in dogs.
Crean, GP; Leslie, GB; Roe, FJ; Walker, TF; Whitehead, SM, 1987)		0.59
" Even patients in the moderate category experienced no life-threatening toxic manifestations."( Cimetidine toxicity: an assessment of 881 cases.
Krenzelok, EP; Lippold, KP; Litovitz, T; McNally, CF, 1987)		1.72
" If phenobarbital protects from cyclosporine nephrotoxicity because of its enzyme inducing action, it would follow that the parent drug and not a toxic metabolite mediates renal dysfunction."( Effect of phenobarbital and cimetidine on experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: preliminary observations.
Benner, KE; Bennett, WM; Houghton, DC; Sasaki, AW; Schwass, DE, 1986)		0.57
" We assessed the effects of these drugs on the acute toxicity of parathion in rats by measuring the rate of survival at 24 h after the administration of the oral LD50 of parathion to four groups of rats: control and pretreated with the aforementioned drugs."( Cimetidine enhances and phenobarbital decreases parathion toxicity.
Amezcua, JL; Girón, E; Martinez-Tabche, L; Mourelle, M, 1986)		1.71
" According to median lethalities, all three known carcinogens were substantially more toxic than nitrosocimetidine whether administered by the intravenous, intraperitoneal, or oral routes."( Comparison of the acute toxicity of N-nitrosocimetidine with three structurally related carcinogens in the rat.
Hard, GC; Jensen, DE; Magee, PN; Ogiu, T, 1986)		0.75
" A side effect encountered was sinus tachycardia in 4 of 27 patients treated with pirenzepine."( [Prevention of gastroduodenal stress lesions with secretion inhibitors in accident patients needing intensive care: incidence of lesions and adverse effects; consequences].
Barandun, J; Frutiger, A; Kobler, E; Leutenegger, A; Rüedi, T, 1985)		0.27
" Since some patients with peptic ulcer disease or gastric hyperacidity on mexiletine may benefit from the addition of cimetidine, it was important to rule out any significant adverse interaction between the two drugs in such patients."( Usefulness and safety of cimetidine in patients receiving mexiletine for ventricular arrhythmia.
Klein, AL; Sami, MH, 1985)		0.78
" The 12 month report noted that cimetidine was being given, knowingly or unknowingly, in the late stages of many diseases and also to counter the adverse gastric effects of other drugs used in the treatment of serious disorders."( Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine: mortality during second, third, and fourth years of follow up.
Colin-Jones, DG; Langman, MJ; Lawson, DH; Vessey, MP, 1985)		0.81
" The scheme successfully detected and quantified some already known adverse effects of cimetidine and did not detect any new effects."( Post-marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine: twelve-month morbidity report.
Colin Jones, DG; Langman, MJ; Lawson, DH; Vessey, MP, 1985)		0.75
" Ranitidine administration (50 mg per kg) enhanced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity throughout the toxic dose range of acetaminophen (600 to 1,000 mg per kg) and potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by ranitidine was dose-dependent."( Ranitidine-acetaminophen interaction: effects on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats.
Dent, JG; Leonard, TB; Morgan, DG, )		0.13
" The inhibition cannot be explained either by a direct toxic effect on effector cells or by blocking of Fc receptors."( Effect of histamine receptor blocking on human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Gergely, P; Láng, I; Nékám, K; Petrányi, G; Török, K, 1981)		0.26
" The inhibition cannot be explained either by a direct toxic effect on natural killer (NK) cells or by blocking of Fc receptors."( Effect of histamine-receptor blocking on human spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
Gergely, P; Láng, I; Petrányi, G, 1981)		0.26
"Worldwide clinical experience has shown the short-term use of H2-blockers is safe and effective."( H2-blockers: how safe and how effective?
Spiro, HM, 1983)		0.27
" In this model, liver injury is caused by toxic intermediates formed during metabolism of halothane by a reductive pathway."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on halothane metabolism and hepatotoxicity in an animal model.
Cousins, MJ; Hall, PD; Jenner, MA; Plummer, JL; Wanwimolruk, S, )		0.52
" So far as can be assessed, however, none of these drug-disease associations represented adverse effects of cimetidine treatment; on the contrary, they resulted from cimetidine being used, knowingly or unknowingly, for treating the symptoms of various diseases or for alleviating adverse effects of other agents such as corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and radiotherapy."( Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine: 12 month mortality report.
Colin-Jones, DG; Langman, MJ; Lawson, DH; Vessey, MP, 1983)		0.74
"Cimetidine-related neurotoxicity may be characterized by signs of affective dysfunction, toxic delusional state and/or delirium, confusion and/or amnestic signs, coma, epileptic phenomena and focal neurological signs."( Cimetidine neurotoxicity. EEG and behaviour aspects.
Kamphuisen, HA; Van Sweden, B, 1984)		3.15
" Except for one volunteer who complained of anxiety, weakness and sweating on the 6th day of cimetidine/metoprolol administration, no adverse effects could be observed during the combination therapy with cimetidine and the beta blockers or in monotherapy with beta blockers."( Accumulation and adverse effects of metoprolol and propranolol after concurrent administration of cimetidine.
Kirch, W; Köhler, H; Mutschler, E; Spahn, H, 1983)		0.7
" Since toxic effects of cimetidine are likely to occur within 1 to 2 days of starting the medication, close observation during this time period, and prompt recognition of psychotoxicity, can prevent disruptive side effects."( Cimetidine psychotoxicity without significant medical illness: case report.
Giller, EL; Harkness, LL, 1983)		2.02
" In an animal model used to assess the effect of cimetidine on acetaminophen toxicity, the LD50 of acetaminophen alone in Charles River CD-1 mice was 480 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 436-528 mg/kg)."( Differential effect of cimetidine on drug oxidation (antipyrine and diazepam) vs. conjugation (acetaminophen and lorazepam): prevention of acetaminophen toxicity by cimetidine.
Abernethy, DR; Ameer, B; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1983)		0.83
" No serious adverse effects have been caused by this locally-acting agent."( Pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of sucralfate, a nonsystemic agent for peptic ulcer.
Spiro, HM, )		0.13
"Cimetidine has now been on the market for over three years and appears to be safe and effective."( Cimetidine: clinical uses and possible side effects.
Babb, RR, 1980)		3.15
" As with virtually all drugs used in the practice of medicine, cimetidine is not without its adverse effects."( A consideration of the adverse effects of cimetidine.
McGuigan, JE, 1981)		0.77
" Adverse reactions reported secondary to cimetidine during its investigational period and shortly after marketing were minimal."( Cimetidine: adverse reactions and acute toxicity.
Conner, CS; Sawyer, D; Scalley, R, 1981)		1.97
" The lack of significant adverse effects has revealed a degree of tolerability that, to write a review of the adverse effects, poses a difficult task."( A comparative overview of the adverse effects of antiulcer drugs.
Piper, DW, 1995)		0.29
" The incidence and type of adverse events were similar in the two age groups."( Association of age with the efficacy and safety of ranitidine and cimetidine in acute duodenal ulcer disease.
Dixon, JS; Ehsanullah, RS; Mills, JG; Wood, JR, 1993)		0.52
" The use of such therapies, however, may be impeded by a number of major disadvantages, including reduced patient compliance, the incidence of adverse events and primary or acquired antibiotic resistance."( Compliance, adverse events and antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori treatment.
Malfertheiner, P, 1993)		0.29
"The extensive use of selective histamine H2 receptor antagonists provides a unique opportunity to describe very rare adverse drug reactions."( Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
Fisher, AA; Le Couteur, DG, 2001)		0.31
" Compound III was less toxic than the other DHC derivatives in both cell cultures."( Derivatives of dehydrocrotonin, a diterpene lactone isolated from Croton cajucara: cytotoxicity in rat cultured hepatocytes and in V79 cells.
Durán, N; Haun, M; Melo, PS, 2002)		0.31
" Milonine was less toxic than warifteine in both cell cultures."( Warifteine and milonine, alkaloids isolated from Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl: cytotoxicity on rat hepatocyte culture and in V79 cells.
Barbosa-Filho, JM; de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz, M; de Medeiros Cavalcante, HM; de Medeiros, IA; Haun, M; Melo, PS, 2003)		0.32
" The primary constituent, R-(+)-pulegone, is metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 to toxic intermediates."( Mitigation of pennyroyal oil hepatotoxicity in the mouse.
Bond, GR; Goetz, RJ; Lindsell, CJ; Otten, EJ; Sztajnkrycer, MD, 2003)		0.32
" Diosgenin and its derivatives were more toxic in V79 fibroblasts (IC50 40-300 microM) than in hepatocytes (IC50 280-1000 microM)."( Cytotoxicity of the phytosterol diosgenin and its derivatives in rat cultured hepatocytes and V79 fibroblasts.
De Azevedo, MB; Fabrin-Neto, JB; Haun, M; Melo, PS; Zullo, MA, 2004)		0.32
" It appears that once daily, short-term use of piroxicam alone and in combination with cimetidine in cats is relatively safe based on the parameters evaluated in this study."( Multiple dose pharmacokinetics and acute safety of piroxicam and cimetidine in the cat.
Chun, R; Corse, M; Garrett, L; Heeb, HL; Hunter, RP; Koch, DE; Moore, L; Pellerin, MA; Radlinsky, M, 2005)		0.79
" There was no clinically significant adverse event in both groups."( Efficacy and safety of ecabet sodium on functional dyspepsia: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, multi-center controlled trial.
Choi, SR; Hahm, KB; Kim, JJ; Kim, N; Kim, SK; Lee, DH; Lee, EH; Lee, JH; Lee, ST; Park, JJ; Rhee, JC, 2006)		0.33
" In the present article, the adverse effects of PPIs are reviewed, with special emphasis on those related to their continued administration and on the special circumstances of patients, as in the case of the elderly, those with liver failure, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and children."( [Safety of proton pump inhibitors].
Esplugues, JV; Martí-Cabrera, M; Ponce, J, 2006)		0.33
" Their detection in the environment and their bioactivity have resulted in concern for potential adverse effects on non-target species."( Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea.
Choi, K; Jung, J; Kim, PG; Kim, Y; Park, J; Park, S, 2007)		0.59
" Furthermore, the use of antidotes that reduced the toxic insult was also recorded using this technique."( Acute liver acetaminophen toxicity in rabbits and the use of antidotes: a metabonomic approach in serum.
Galanopoulou, P; Giannioti, K; Liapi, C; Mikros, E; Papalois, A; Theocharis, S; Zira, A, 2009)		0.35
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)		0.36
"The serotonin toxicity (ST) is a potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction results from therapeutic drug use, intentional self-poisoning, or inadvertent interactions between drugs."( Serotonin toxicity: a short review of the literature and two case reports involving citalopram.
Bruno, G; Canevelli, M; Lenzi, GL; Piacentini, E; Pietracupa, S; Talarico, G; Tosto, G, 2011)		0.37
"The aim of the present work was to clarify the involvement of free radicals, cytochrome P450 toxic metabolites, and deregulation of calcium homeostasis in the mechanism of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) hepatotoxicity."( The protective effects of ascorbic acid, cimetidine, and nifedipine on diethyldithiocarbamate-induced hepatic toxicity in albino rats.
Badawy, MM; Gaafa, KM; Hamza, AA, 2011)		0.64
"Ototoxicity is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapeutic treatment with cisplatin."( Cisplatin ototoxicity in rat cochlear organotypic cultures.
Allman, BL; Ding, D; He, J; Jiang, H; Salvi, RJ; Seigel, GM; Yu, D, 2011)		0.37

Pharmacokinetics

Ranitidine may be used at doses of up to 300 mg twice daily in the healing of duodenal ulcers. The interaction of nifedipine and cimetidine is of clinical significance because of its pharmacodynamic effect.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The plasma concentration curve after a single oral dose of cimetidine 200 mg was followed in 27 patients with varying degrees of chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 1--52 ml/min) and in 46 patients with normal serum creatinine."( Oral absorption of cimetidine and its clearance in patients with renal failure.
Bodemar, G; Larsson, R; Norlander, B, 1979)		0.83
" On average, the Cmax then is approximately 300 ng/ml, which is achieved rapidly within 30 min after drug intake."( Pharmacokinetic profile of nicorandil in humans: an overview.
Frydman, A, 1992)		0.28
" Due to a short elimination half-life and wide therapeutic index, dosage adjustments are not necessary in patients exhibiting moderate renal dysfunction."( Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor AF: effects of age, antacids and H2-receptor antagonists.
Cerimele, BJ; Coleman, DL; DeSante, KA; Hatcher, BL; Kisicki, J; Satterwhite, JH, 1992)		0.28
" Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that cimetidine did not affect the rate or extent of temafloxacin absorption, as evidenced by unchanged peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration, and terminal-phase volume of distribution."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of temafloxacin.
Granneman, GR; Locke, C; Sörgel, F; Stephan, U, 1992)		0.96
"The effect of Chinese herbal medicines (Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang) and western drugs (sodium phenobarbital and cimetidine) on the serum concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and cytochrome P-450 of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of three different ages were examined."( Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (II): Aminophylline-huan shao tan and aminophylline-pu chung yi chi tang.
Chen, SM; Hou, SJ; Lin, SY; Perng, RI; Young, TK, 1992)		0.49
"A program adapted for use on microcomputers (DCN) has been developed which permits one to perform operations of numerical convolution and deconvolution using polyexponential functions, that are often implemented in pharmacokinetic analysis."( A computer program (DCN) for numerical convolution and deconvolution of pharmacokinetic functions.
Domínguez-Gil, A; Lanao, JM; Sayalero, ML; Vicente, MT, 1992)		0.28
" The changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters were not accompanied by discernible haemodynamic effects or any change in the tolerability of nimodipine."( Influence of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of nimodipine in healthy volunteers.
Kuhlmann, J; Mück, W; Rämsch, KD; Seiberling, M; Wingender, W; Woelke, E, 1992)		0.55
"The influence of usual regimens of the H2 blocking drugs, cimetidine, ranitidine, and nizatidine on the steady-state plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline was studied in seventeen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)."( Comparative investigation of the influence of nizatidine, ranitidine, and cimetidine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline in COPD patients.
Bachmann, K; Jauregui, L; Levine, L; Martin, M; Mauro, LS; Sullivan, TJ, 1992)		0.76
"Theophylline pharmacokinetic parameters after each treatment were determined by model independent pharmacokinetic analysis."( Effect of the addition of ciprofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in subjects inhibited by cimetidine.
Davis, RL; Kelly, HW; Powell, JR; Quenzer, RW, 1992)		0.5
"When administered alone, ciprofloxacin and cimetidine caused a significant increase in theophylline elimination half-life and a decrease in clearance."( Effect of the addition of ciprofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in subjects inhibited by cimetidine.
Davis, RL; Kelly, HW; Powell, JR; Quenzer, RW, 1992)		0.76
" A pharmacokinetic model incorporating discontinuous absorption was developed to simulate concentration-time profiles with double peaks."( Use of a pharmacokinetic model incorporating discontinuous gastrointestinal absorption to examine the occurrence of double peaks in oral concentration-time profiles.
Brouwer, KL; Pollack, GM; Suttle, AB, 1992)		0.28
" Mean pirmenol concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters, including elimination rate constant, were not significantly altered by concomitant administration of cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine administration on the pharmacokinetics of pirmenol.
Bockbrader, HN; Cetnarowski-Cropp, AB; Chang, T; Goldfarb, AL; Lebsack, ME; Radulovic, LL; Sedman, AJ; Stringer, KA, 1992)		0.88
" On this day, subjects began taking diazepam (10 mg) orally for one week, with pharmacokinetic studies performed at day 8, when steady state levels of diazepam were reached."( Effect of orally administered misoprostol and cimetidine on the steady state pharmacokinetics of diazepam and nordiazepam in human volunteers.
Andrade, GN; Lima, DR; Santos, RM; Werneck, E, )		0.39
"6 l h-1 and 89 vs 50 l, respectively), whereas no significant difference in half-life could be demonstrated."( Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of disopyramide and interaction with cimetidine.
Angelo, HR; Bonde, J; Kampmann, JP; Nygaard, E; Pedersen, LE; Ramsing, T, 1991)		0.52
" Only a minor difference in theophylline half-life between control and continuous cimetidine infusion (7."( Theophylline pharmacokinetics: effect of continuous versus intermittent cimetidine i.v. infusion.
Gaska, JA; Rocci, ML; Tietze, KJ; Vlasses, PH, 1991)		0.74
" A stochastic modeling approach is presented that is more general than pharmacokinetic models typically employed in stochastic approaches."( Stochastic interpretation of linear pharmacokinetics: a linear system analysis approach.
Veng-Pedersen, P, 1991)		0.28
"Ranitidine may be used at doses of up to 300 mg twice daily in the healing of duodenal ulcers, and this study investigated the potential for a pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction between nifedipine 10 mg three times daily and ranitidine 300 mg twice daily compared with cimetidine 800 mg daily and placebo in a randomised crossover study in 18 healthy male subjects."( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine at steady state during concomitant administration of cimetidine or high dose ranitidine.
Dixon, JS; Khan, A; Langley, SJ; Mullins, FG; Toon, S, 1991)		0.67
" Gastric secretion inhibition over the 90 min of IGT correlated with peak concentration exclusively for the subpopulation with peak occurrence at T 150."( [Plasma pharmacokinetics of roxatidine in the healthy man: correlation with gastric antisecretory effect].
Bonfils, S; Chen, WW; Kolsky, H; Lewin, MJ, 1990)		0.28
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations did not show significant interactions with cimetidine following alpidem 50 mg administration."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of a single oral dose of alpidem.
Bianchetti, G; Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Hulhoven, R, 1990)		0.9
" Co-administration of cimetidine significantly increased Cmax (27%) and AUC (44%) and prolonged the half-life (30%) of cifenline."( The effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of cifenline.
Aogaichi, K; Defeo, TM; Liguori, J; Massarella, JW; Passe, S, 1991)		0.95
" This first evidence of labetalol stereoselective disposition is consistent with the findings of previous (R,R)-labetalol pharmacokinetic studies and with previous pharmacodynamic investigations of labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol."( Labetalol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: evidence of stereoselective disposition.
Bottorff, MB; Drda, KD; Herring, VL; Lalonde, RL; O'Rear, TL; Wainer, IW, 1990)		0.28
"kg, a half-life of 16."( The effect of liver dysfunction on colchicine pharmacokinetics in the rat.
Bay, MK; Johnson, RF; Leighton, JA; Maldonado, AL; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1990)		0.28
" The elimination half-life of moricizine is 2 to 6 hours, but its duration of antiarrhythmic action is much longer suggesting active metabolites."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of moricizine.
Barbey, JT; Schwartz, SL; Siddoway, LA; Woosley, RL, 1990)		0.28
"Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was synthesized in an attempt to develop a compound with a pharmacokinetic profile characteristic of this class, which would also have an increased oral bioavailability and extended clearance time."( The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine.
Abernethy, DR, 1989)		0.28
" After pretreatment with cimetidine, the plasma clearances (CL) of AP and TMO were significantly lower and the elimination half-life (t1/2) of AP was significantly increased."( The effect of roxatidine acetate and cimetidine on hepatic drug clearance assessed by simultaneous administration of three model substrates.
Nakamura, K; Tanaka, E, 1989)		0.85
"The effects of a new H2-receptor antagonist, roxatidine acetate, have been investigated in both clinical and pharmacodynamic trials in Europe and the United States."( Safety and efficacy of roxatidine acetate. Evidence from pharmacodynamic and clinical trials.
Bender, W; Labs, R; Merki, HS, 1989)		0.28
"1 L/kg), and terminal half-life (11."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dilevalol.
Affrime, MB; Bottorff, MB; Given, BD; Kramer, WG; Lalonde, RL; Patrick, JE; Tenero, DM, 1989)		0.28
" Pharmacokinetic absorption behavior of a sustained-release preparation of theophylline after repetitive oral administration was adequately evaluated using MFA-MULTI."( Pharmacokinetic analysis of single- or multiple-dose plasma drug concentration data with a microcomputer using multi-fraction absorption models.
Murata, K; Noda, K; Samejima, M; Tagawa, K, 1989)		0.28
"We have studied the mechanisms of the increased dosage requirements of the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine in paediatric burned patients in a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study."( Alteration by burn injury of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine in children.
Greenblatt, DJ; Hagen, J; Hoaglin, DC; Martyn, JA, 1989)		0.72
" The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a slower resorption of cimetidine in the patients who had taken the drug in the evening (Tmax = 2 h, resp."( [Chronopharmacokinetics of the preparation biomet400 in patients with duodenal ulcer].
Belovezhdov, N; Kostova, N; Maleev, A; Skrinska, E; Terziivanov, D, 1989)		0.52
"The influence of cimetidine on piroxicam plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters was studied in both rats and healthy volunteers."( Influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam in rat and man.
Foda, AM; Said, SA, 1989)		0.99
" Concomitant famotidine administration did not alter any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline (AUC0- infinity; 38."( Cimetidine versus famotidine: the effect on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats.
Ferguson, RK; Mojaverian, P; Rocci, ML; Saccar, CL; Vlasses, PH, )		1.57
" Moreover, for triazolam, the C max was increased and the plasma elimination half-life was prolonged; oral clearance of the two triazolobenzodiazepines was markedly reduced."( Pharmacokinetic consequences of long term coadministration of cimetidine and triazolobenzodiazepines, alprazolam and triazolam, in healthy subjects.
Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Hulhoven, R; Pourbaix, S; Smith, RB, 1985)		0.51
"82 ml/min/kg) and prolonged elimination half-life (29 vs."( Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol.
Burstein, ES; Friedman, H; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Locniskar, A; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1987)		0.5
" Both drugs have a similar pharmacokinetic profile."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral nizatidine.
Matsumoto, C; McMahon, FG; Offen, WW; Regel, G; Ryan, J; Vargas, R, 1988)		0.27
" Similarly, the H2 receptor antagonists did not alter the plasma bupivacaine against time curves, half-life or bupivacaine clearance in the three groups studied."( H2 antagonists and bupivacaine clearance.
Brighouse, D; Morgan, B; O'Sullivan, GM; Reynolds, F; Smith, M, 1988)		0.27
"The reciprocal effects on pharmacokinetic parameters after a single oral dose of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin and sulindac and repeated oral doses of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine were determined in two groups of nine healthy subjects each (indomethacin and sulindac groups)."( Pharmacokinetic interactions between NSAIDs (indomethacin or sulindac) and H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine or ranitidine) in human volunteers.
Abel, L; Carbon, C; Delhotal-Landes, B; Flouvat, B; Liote, F; Meyer, P; Vinceneux, P, 1988)		0.68
" The terminal half-life and renal clearance of tocainide were not altered by either H2-receptor antagonists, compared with placebo."( The effect of histamine-2 receptor antagonists on tocainide pharmacokinetics.
Kapil, RP; Lalonde, RL; Mattern, AL; North, DS, 1988)		0.27
"The effects of cimetidine (single or repeated administration) on free unchanged captopril plasma levels, pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma converting enzyme inhibitory effects have been investigated in normal healthy volunteers."( Cimetidine does not alter free unchanged captopril pharmacokinetics and biological effects in healthy volunteer.
Bah, M; Cadilhac, M; Giudicelli, JF; Richer, C; Thuillez, C, )		1.93
" The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine and the long-acting local anaesthetic agent bupivacaine was studied in seven healthy, non-smoking volunteers."( Lack of effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine in healthy subjects.
Jantunen, ME; Lindberg, RL; Pihlajamäki, KK, 1988)		0.83
" A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study was performed on the third day at each dose."( Influence of repeated administration of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of adinazolam in healthy subjects.
Cox, S; Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Hulhoven, R, 1988)		0.54
"The number of studies on drug interactions with cimetidine has increased at a rapid rate over the past 5 years, with many of the interactions being solely pharmacokinetic in origin."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine 1987.
Muirhead, M; Somogyi, A, 1987)		0.81
"The potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetic profiles of quinapril and its active metabolite CI-928 was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers."( Multiple-dose cimetidine administration does not influence the single-dose pharmacokinetics of quinapril and its active metabolite (CI-928).
Cetnarowski, AB; Ferry, JJ; Horvath, AM; Sedman, AJ; Thomas, RW, 1988)		0.94
" Plasma pharmacokinetic data were first obtained from rabbits given 3 mg/kg doxorubicin."( The influence of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of doxorubicin in rabbits.
Anthony, LB; Brenner, DE; Collins, JC; Halter, S; Hande, KR; Harris, NL, 1988)		0.27
" single) and showed no significant effect on total body clearance, serum half-life (T1/2) and AUC of theophylline, while enoxacin by the same pretreatment increased significantly serum theophylline concentrations and resulted in significant effect on all the pharmacokinetic parameters."( Lack of effect of ofloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics in rats.
Miyazaki, K; Okazaki, O; Tachizawa, H, 1987)		0.27
"21 l/h per kg) with a consequent increase in half-life (24."( Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in the rat.
Aarons, L; Adedoyin, A; Houston, JB, 1987)		0.55
" After pretreatment with cimetidine, which inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450, the peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma-time concentration curve for nifedipine were increased by a mean 84%."( Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine.
Challenor, VF; George, CF; Gruchy, B; Le Vie, J; Renwick, AG; Waller, DG, 1987)		0.58
" The serum cimetidine levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of the patient group did not significantly differ from those of the control group after oral administration."( Pharmacokinetic studies of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.
Arima, T; Nagashima, H; Yamasaki, H, 1987)		0.96
" Furthermore, variable gastric emptying rates combined with the short plasma elimination half-life and poor gastric absorption of cimetidine can be the cause of the frequently observed plasma level double peaks."( The influence of variable gastric emptying and intestinal transit rates on the plasma level curve of cimetidine; an explanation for the double peak phenomenon.
Amidon, GL; Oberle, RL, 1987)		0.69
" No significant differences in elimination rate constant, peak concentration, time to peak concentration, volume of distribution, or elimination half-life were noted among treatments."( Effects of cimetidine or ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen.
Cox, SR; Rock, WL; Small, RE; Sullivan, KM; Willis, HE, 1986)		0.66
" Peak plasma quinine concentration and the time of peak concentration were not altered after cimetidine or ranitidine pretreatment."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of quinine.
Patamasucon, P; Pongmarutai, M; Sunbhanich, M; Wanwimolruk, S, 1986)		0.88
" The pharmacokinetic parameters at intravenous administration were calculated according to a two-compartment model."( [Cimetidine pharmacokinetics].
Blinkov, IL; Davydov, SM; Karpenko, EV; Katrukha, SP; Kukes, VG, )		1.04
"005), half-life = 11."( The effects of cimetidine upon the plasma pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in rabbits.
Brenner, DE; Collins, JC; Hande, KR, 1986)		0.62
" The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between these drugs was examined in eight patients who received cimetidine and PRZ alone and in combination in a crossover fashion."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine and pirenzepine.
Jamali, F; Mahachai, V; Reilly, PA; Thomson, AB, 1985)		0.74
"Limited pharmacokinetic data have been reported concerning the use of cimetidine in the neonate for the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage."( The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and metabolites in a neonate.
Lloyd, CW; Martin, WJ; Taylor, BD, 1985)		0.81
" The elimination half-life of cimetidine in burned patients was significantly reduced (2."( Increased cimetidine clearance in burn patients.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Martyn, JA, 1985)		0.96
"05) increase in diltiazem levels at most time points, in peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve."( The effect of ranitidine and cimetidine on single-dose diltiazem pharmacokinetics.
Goodman, RP; McKenney, JM; Winship, LC; Wood, JH; Wright, JT, )		0.42
"43 l/kg) and mean half-life (2."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.
Arancibia, A; Chesta, J; Fajuri, M; González-Martin, G; Novoa, X, 1985)		0.59
" The data give pharmacodynamic basis for the interaction of histamine-H2-receptor antagonists with bone marrow cells."( Pharmacodynamic basis for the interaction of cimetidine with the bone marrow stem cells (CFUS).
Byron, JW, 1980)		0.52
"A sensitive and specific high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for ranitidine estimation is described and pharmacokinetic studies in six healthy volunteers reported."( Pharmacokinetic and gastric secretory studies of ranitidine in man.
Anderson, A; Hanson, RG; Louis, WJ; McNeil, JJ; Mihaly, GW; Smallwood, RA; Yeomans, ND, 1981)		0.26
" The interaction of nifedipine and cimetidine is thus of clinical significance because of its pharmacodynamic effect."( [Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and anti-hypertensive effect of nifedipine].
Heidemann, H; Janisch, HD; Kirch, W; Ohnhaus, EE; Rämsch, K, 1983)		0.93
" Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences exist between the drugs, some of which are of clinical significance."( Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and ranitidine.
Richards, DA, 1983)		0.52
" Factors contributing to the transport of solutes through the peritoneal membrane are discussed and the literature concerning the pharmacokinetic aspects of CAPD is reviewed."( Pharmacokinetic aspects during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a literature review.
Janknegt, R; Koks, CH, 1984)		0.27
" Elimination half-life is approximately 2 hours."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of cimetidine.
Gugler, R; Somogyi, A, )		0.42
" The elimination half-life of 5FU was not altered by cimetidine."( The influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil.
Clark, PI; Dilloway, MR; Harvey, VJ; Johnston, A; Lant, AF; Slevin, ML, 1984)		0.86
" Baseline quinidine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after a single oral 400-mg dose."( Effect of cimetidine on quinidine clearance.
Fox, T; Garnett, WR; Kline, BJ; Kolb, KW; Small, RE; Vetrovec, GW, 1984)		0.67
"A pharmacokinetic model for calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters for a compound that is recycled in the bile is presented and tested using theoretical as well as experimental data."( Pharmacokinetic analysis of concentration-time data obtained following administration of drugs that are recycled in the bile.
Colburn, WA, 1984)		0.27
"The pharmacokinetic interaction between clobazam and cimetidine was studied in 9 healthy male volunteers in an open-labelled study."( Pharmacokinetic aspects of the interaction between clobazam and cimetidine.
Grigoleit, HG; Hajdú, P; Hundt, HK; Koeppen, D; Malerczyk, V; Meyer, BH; Müller, FO; Witte, PU, 1983)		0.75
"04 micrograms/ml), the area under the plasma concentration curve (A."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients with unresponsive duodenal ulcer.
Alfieri, G; Benvenuti, C; Foschi, D; Rovati, V, 1983)		0.59
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the pseudolinear portion of the elimination curve."( [Pharmacokinetics of alcohol after 3-hour intravenous infusion with and without cimetidine in 10 healthy non-alcoholic subjects].
Albin, H; Amouretti, M; Béraud, C; Betbeder, AM; Bourjac, M; Couzigou, P; Fleury, B; Richard-Molard, B; Vinçon, G, 1984)		0.49
" doses, elimination half-life of imipramine was increased during cimetidine treatment (22."( Imipramine-cimetidine interaction: impairment of clearance and enhanced absolute bioavailability.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1984)		0.9
" Pharmacokinetic parameters displayed wide interpatient variability (coefficients of variation of 30-50%) and significant relationships emerged between some of these parameters and certain patient characteristics."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in critically ill patients.
Cameron, P; Ilett, KF; Nation, RL; Oh, TE; Thompson, W; Tjokrosetio, R, 1984)		0.59
" No significant change in half-life was found."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in advanced cirrhosis.
Grahnén, A; Jameson, S; Lindström, B; Lööf, L; Tyllström, J, 1984)		0.59
"03) the elimination of desmethyldiazepam, as shown prolongation of its elimination half-life from 51."( Influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of desmethyldiazepam and oxazepam.
Klotz, U; Reimann, I, 1980)		0.63
" In the control state, antipyrine half-life was longer in elderly than in young subjects (16."( Cimetidine impairs clearance of antipyrine and desmethyldiazepam in the elderly.
Abernethy, DR; Divoll, M; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1982)		1.71
"05), half-life increased 48% (6."( Cimetidine inhibits theophylline clearance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study using stable isotope methodology during multiple oral dose administration.
Mercer, GD; Musser, B; Thummel, KE; Vestal, RE, 1983)		1.71
" No differences were observed in cimetidine half-life (2."( [Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in ascitic cirrhotics].
Albin, H; Béraud, C; Couzigou, P; Fleury, B; Péhourcq, F; Vinçon, G, 1983)		0.87
"2 g/day for 7 days) on the disposition and pharmacodynamic effects of a single oral dose of quinidine was studied in 6 normal volunteers."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine.
Golden, L; Hardy, BG; Lalka, D; Schentag, JJ; Zador, IT, 1983)		0.67
" Cimetidine inhibited MISO demethylation and increased its half-life and area under the curve."( Effects of cimetidine, antipyrine, and pregnenolone carbonitrile on misonidazole pharmacokinetics.
Donaldson, J; Smith, NC; Workman, P, )		1.43
" Cimetidine had no effect on nitrazepam absorption kinetics, since peak serum nitrazepam concentration and time of peak concentration were not altered."( Cimetidine impairs nitrazepam clearance.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Gugler, R; Locniskar, A; Müntefering, G; Ochs, HR, 1983)		2.62
"86), the terminal half-life in plasma between 138 and 238 min, the total body clearance (Cltotal) between 178 and 337 ml/min, and the apparent volume of distribution about 1 l/kg."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Bjaeldager, PA; Hvidberg, EF; Jensen, JB; Larsen, NE; Nielsen, LP, 1983)		0.59
" There was no significant change in the elimination half-life for either drug in the presence of cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine and lidocaine in the rat.
DiGregorio, GJ; Fruncillo, RJ; Soll, A, 1983)		0.89
"The pharmacokinetic behavior of cimetidine has not been described in children, and there is no authoritative guideline on cimetidine dosage for children."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in critically ill children.
Baltodano, A; Chin, TW; Edmonds, JF; Fenje, P; MacLeod, SM; Soldin, SJ, 1982)		0.87
" This corresponded to an average increase in elimination half-life of 73% (range, 50 to 97%)."( Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance.
Bentley, J; Dorr, R; Jackson, JE; Powell, JR; Wandell, M, 1981)		1.71
" The pharmacokinetic data observed in these patients do not differ from those of normal subjects and patients."( Oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in liver cirrhosis.
Benvenuti, C; Lirussi, F; Nassuato, G; Okolicsanyi, L; Orlando, R; Venuti, M, 1982)		0.53
" Total theophylline clearance (CLtot), apparent volume of distribution (V), and elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) were calculated."( Impact of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
Bachmann, KA; Bond, LW; Mahajan, VK; Schwartz, JI, )		0.53
" The analysis exemplifies a new approach to pharmacokinetic modeling, which appears to be a valuable alternative to linear compartmental or physiological modeling."( Pharmacokinetic analysis by linear system approach I: cimetidine bioavailability and second peak phenomenon.
Veng Pedersen, P, 1981)		0.51
" 4 Pharmacokinetic studies showed the mean elimination half-life of cimetidine to be 100 +/- 25 min, the total body cimetidine clearance 652 +/- 223 ml/min, the mean volume of distribution at steady state 65 +/- 181 and the overall bioavailability 78%."( Cimetidine-a clinical and pharmacokinetic study.
Barber, HE; Brunt, PW; Griffiths, R; Hawksworth, GM; Jeffers, TA; Mowat, NA; Petersen, J; Petrie, JC; Webster, J, 1981)		1.94
" Cimetidine prolonged theophylline half-life compared to that in control periods an average of 36."( Alteration of theophylline clearance and half-life by cimetidine in normal volunteers.
Bernhard, H; Reitberg, DP; Schentag, JJ, 1981)		1.42
" 3 A significant reduction occurred in the systemic clearance of caffeine and the half-life was prolonged as determined from measurement of caffeine in plasma and saliva."( Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine.
Broughton, LJ; Rogers, HJ, 1981)		0.52
" There were no differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two ulcer groups, but there was considerable variation which was mainly age-related."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients.
Gugler, R; Rohner, HG; Somogyi, A, )		0.4
"Cimetidine given orally without food after an overnight fast produces a blood concentration curve with a pronounced second peak that does not appear after parenteral administration or when the drug is taken with food."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in humans.
Miller, R; Pedersen, PV, 1980)		1.97
"A four-way crossover pilot study was conducted to compare the pharmacodynamic response of intermittent famotidine (20 mg every 12 hr) to continuous infusions of cimetidine (1200 mg/24 hr), ranitidine (150 mg/24 hr), and famotidine (40 mg/24 hr) in six normal male volunteers."( Pharmacodynamics of bolus famotidine versus infused cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine.
Amsden, GW; D'Andrea, DT; Goss, TF; Harrison, NJ; Schentag, JJ, 1994)		0.74
" This synergism may be due, at least in part, to a pharmacokinetic effect."( Effect of the H2-antagonist cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the H1-antagonists hydroxyzine and cetirizine in patients with chronic urticaria.
Simons, FE; Simons, KJ; Sussman, GL, 1995)		0.59
" The elimination of alfuzosin being almost entirely metabolic, the potential pharmacokinetic interaction with cimetidine (H2-receptor antagonist) was investigated in 10 healthy young subjects."( The effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of alfuzosin.
Bianchetti, G; Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Rosenzweig, P, 1993)		0.86
" The literature was searched for pharmacokinetic data of intravenously administered theophylline alone and in the presence of cimetidine in humans, dogs and rats."( Interspecies scaling of cimetidine-theophylline pharmacokinetic interaction: interspecies scaling in pharmacokinetic interactions.
Calvo, B; Domínguez-Gil, A; Gascón, AR; Hernández, RM; Pedraz, JL, 1994)		0.8
"The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between H2-receptor antagonists and alcohol consumed at lunchtime, was investigated in 24 healthy non-alcoholic male subjects, each receiving ranitidine 150 mg four times daily, cimetidine 400 mg four times daily, famotidine 20 mg four times daily and placebo in an open, four-way cross-over study."( Lack of effect of H2-receptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol consumed after food at lunchtime.
Braithwaite, R; Gibson, GJ; Hale, KA; Kendall, MJ; Langman, MJ; Spannuth, F; Walt, RP, 1994)		0.47
" The variation between different subjects dominated the total variance for all of the pharmacokinetic parameters studied except the rate of disappearance of ethanol from blood (ko)."( Between-subject and within-subject variations in the pharmacokinetics of ethanol.
Jones, AW; Jönsson, KA, 1994)		0.29
" Cmax was increased significantly when tenoxicam was given with probenecid (2."( Neither cimetidine nor probenecid affect the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in normal volunteers.
Day, RO; Geisslinger, G; Paull, P; Williams, KM, 1994)		0.72
" The hydroxyzine and cetirizine half-life and AUC0-->infinity values were significantly increased and the systemic clearance rates were significantly decreased in the presence of cimetidine."( Effect of the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the H1-receptor antagonists hydroxyzine and cetirizine in rabbits.
Chen, X; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1994)		0.75
" Significant decreases in AUC (16 and 13%) were observed following administration of single- and multiple-dose cimetidine, and a significant decrease in Cmax (14%) was observed following a single dose of ranitidine--all given prior to alcohol ingestion in the morning."( Cimetidine and ranitidine. Lack of effect on the pharmacokinetics of an acute ethanol dose.
Chesher, GB; Dauncey, H; Palmer, RH, 1993)		1.94
" In clinical settings, the magnitude of the pharmacokinetic difference may warrant dose adjustment to avoid toxic effects of FT when administered with CM."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of fentiazac in rats.
Kweon, DS; Lee, MH; Shim, CK, 1993)		0.69
" Pharmacokinetic profiles and morning pre-dose electrocardiograms were obtained whilst the patients were on terfenadine alone and after the addition of cimetidine or rantidine."( Effect of concomitant administration of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effects of terfenadine.
Cantilena, LR; Conner, DP; Honig, PK; Mullin, JC; Wortham, DC; Zamani, K, 1993)		0.75
" Time to achieve the maximum plasma concentration, terminal half-life of elimination, and the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve of ritanserin were not altered in comparison with control experiments."( Effect of concomitantly administered cimetidine or ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ritanserin.
Benn, HP; Buschmann, M; Jähnchen, E; Seiler, KU; Szathmary, S; Trenk, D, 1993)		0.56
" The mean elimination half-life of naproxen was 24."( The pharmacokinetics of naproxen, its metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen, and their acyl glucuronides in humans. Effect of cimetidine.
Guelen, PJ; Van Den Biggelaar-Martea, M; Verwey-Van Wissen, CP; Vree, ML; Vree, TB, 1993)		0.49
" Venous blood sampling for pharmacokinetic assessment was done over a complete dosing interval on day 7 of each phase."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of a chronotherapeutically formulated once-daily theophylline preparation (Uniphyl).
Babul, N; Buttoo, KM; Fraser, IM; Stewart, JH; Walker, SE, )		0.52
"The steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between nefazodone and cimetidine was evaluated in a three-period crossover study consisting of three treatments of 1 week duration with a 1 week washout between treatments."( Lack of interaction between nefazodone and cimetidine: a steady state pharmacokinetic study in humans.
Barbhaiya, RH; Greene, DS; Shukla, UA, 1995)		0.79
" Blood samples were collected just before each dose of cyclosporine and for up to 36 hours afterward for pharmacokinetic analysis."( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine or famotidine and cyclosporine in healthy men.
Collier, DS; McGuire, TR; Rossi, SJ; Schaaf, LJ; Shaefer, MS; Stratta, RJ, 1995)		0.54
" Cyclosporine pharmacokinetic parameters during each of the 3 treatment periods were compared."( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine or famotidine and cyclosporine in healthy men.
Collier, DS; McGuire, TR; Rossi, SJ; Schaaf, LJ; Shaefer, MS; Stratta, RJ, 1995)		0.54
" Cimetidine significantly decreased the total body clearance and extended the plasma half-life of theophylline, but did not change its volume of distribution."( Drug interactions between theophylline and H2-antagonists, roxatidine acetate hydrochloride and cimetidine: pharmacokinetic analysis in rats in vivo.
Furuhata, M; Nagai, N; Ogata, H, 1995)		1.42
" Mean tacrine oral clearance was reduced by 30%; however, mean absorption rate and elimination half-life values were not affected by cimetidine."( Inhibition of tacrine oral clearance by cimetidine.
deVries, TM; Forgue, ST; Reece, PA; Sedman, AJ, 1996)		0.77
" No statistically significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax-AUC-T1/2-urinary excretion and metabolic ratio) of sparfloxacin following the 2 treatment."( Cimetidine does not alter sparfloxacin pharmacokinetics.
Alvarez, MP; Azanza, JR; Gries, JM; Honorato, J; Sadaba, B; Singlas, E; Taburet, AM, 1995)		1.73
" for 6 days) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan (100 mg)."( Effects of cimetidine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of losartan, an AT1-selective non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
Bradstreet, TE; Goldberg, MR; Höglund, P; Lo, MW; Ritter, MA, 1995)		0.68
"The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between butorphanol nasal spray and cimetidine, under steady state conditions, was evaluated in 16 healthy male volunteers."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between butorphanol nasal spray and cimetidine.
Barbhaiya, RH; Shyu, WC, 1996)		0.75
"The chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine terminal elimination half-life values and area under the curve values were significantly increased, and the systemic clearance rates were significantly decreased, during concomitant administration of cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine in rabbits.
Chen, X; Fraser, TG; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1996)		0.88
"Any enhanced peripheral H1-blockade observed could be attributed, at least in part, to a pharmacokinetic interaction."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine in rabbits.
Chen, X; Fraser, TG; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1996)		0.7
"The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and subsequent pharmacodynamic interaction of MPC-1304, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, with other drugs in animal experiments."( Interaction of some drugs on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of MPC-1304, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist.
Miyake, H; Miyoshi, K; Nakano, M; Nishizaki, J; Umeno, Y; Yoshida, K, )		0.13
"This discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model can be a useful tool in characterizing absorption phases, disposition, and bioavailability of drugs exhibiting two absorption peaks following oral administration."( Applications and simulations of a discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model.
Boudinot, FD; Witcher, JW, 1996)		0.29
" Thiamine diphosphate administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 10 mg/kg (one time a day for a week) does not change pharmacokinetic and analgesic effect of naproxene."( [The modification of the pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of naproxen by cimetidine, phenobarbital and thiamine diphosphate].
Pentiuk, AA; Stanislavchuk, NA; Vovk, OG, )		0.36
" The pharmacokinetic interaction of albendazole sulfoxide with dexamethasone, associated or not with cimetidine, was investigated in 24 patients with active intraparenchymal brain cysticercosis."( Therapy for neurocysticercosis: pharmacokinetic interaction of albendazole sulfoxide with dexamethasone.
Bonato, PS; Lanchote, VL; Marques, MP; Takayanagui, OM, 1997)		0.51
" The ideal therapy for GORD will have linear pharmacokinetics, a relatively long plasma half-life (t1/2), a duration of action allowing once daily administration, and a stable effect independent of interactions with food, antacids and other drugs."( Pharmacokinetic optimisation in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Berstad, A; Hatlebakk, JG, 1996)		0.29
" Cimetidine, however, resulted in a 21-23% increase in Cmax of unchanged nebivolol and of each enantiomer plus its hydroxylated metabolites."( A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction study between nebivolol and the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine.
Ford, GA; Howes, A; Kamali, F; Snoeck, E; Thomas, SH, 1997)		1.42
" To study its pharmacokinetic characteristics, levels of praziquantel in plasma were determined for eight healthy volunteers after the administration of three oral doses of 25 mg/kg of body weight given at 2-h intervals, alone and with the simultaneous administration of cimetidine."( Pharmacokinetic study of praziquantel administered alone and in combination with cimetidine in a single-day therapeutic regimen.
Castro, N; Corona, T; Jung, H; Medina, R; Sotelo, J, 1997)		0.7
" The results revealed that cimetidine interacted with 4-MAA by increasing the systemic availability, prolonging the elimination half-life and decreasing the systemic clearance of 4-MAA, whereas the renal clearances of 4-MAA remained unchanged."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of metamizol.
Bacracheva, N; Drenska, A; Gorantcheva, J; Schinzel, S; Scholl, T; Stoinov, A; Tchakarski, I; Tentcheva, J; Tyutyulkova, N; Vlahov, V, 1997)		1
" Cefaclor is not metabolized to a significant degree, but it degrades chemically in the body with an approximate half-life of 2 hours."( Pharmacokinetic profile of cefaclor.
Derendorf, H; Schifferer, H; Sourgens, H, 1997)		0.3
" Pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs have been described but, in some cases, their mechanism is unknown."( Pharmacokinetic interactions involving clozapine.
Taylor, D, 1997)		0.3
"Published trials and case reports relevant to the human metabolism of clozapine and to suspected pharmacokinetic interactions were reviewed."( Pharmacokinetic interactions involving clozapine.
Taylor, D, 1997)		0.3
" time data were analysed by non-linear least squares regression analysis to determine pharmacokinetic parameter estimates."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intragastric cimetidine in horses. I. Effects of intravenous cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of intravenous phenylbutazone.
Ashcraft, SM; Dyke, TM; Gerken, DF; Reed, SM; Sams, RA, 1997)		0.55
" Steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters (based on an enzyme inhibition assay) and lipid responses were compared."( Cimetidine does not alter atorvastatin pharmacokinetics or LDL-cholesterol reduction.
Gibson, DM; Stern, RH; Whitfield, LR, 1998)		1.74
" Pharmacokinetic comparisons were made between groups for the day 1 and day 7 profiles."( Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and cimetidine: assessment of pharmacokinetic changes following single and multiple doses.
Friedhoff, LT; Perdomo, CA; Tiseo, PJ, 1998)		0.56
"On both day 1 and day 7, a statistically significant difference was observed between the donepezil and the donepezil + cimetidine groups in terms of the Cmax and AUC(0-24) values for donepezil."( Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and cimetidine: assessment of pharmacokinetic changes following single and multiple doses.
Friedhoff, LT; Perdomo, CA; Tiseo, PJ, 1998)		0.77
"Co-administration of donepezil HCl (5 mg) and cimetidine (800 mg) did not produce clinically significant changes in the pharmacokinetic profiles of either drug."( Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and cimetidine: assessment of pharmacokinetic changes following single and multiple doses.
Friedhoff, LT; Perdomo, CA; Tiseo, PJ, 1998)		0.82
" Small differences were found in mean tmax (0."( Pharmacokinetics of dolasetron with coadministration of cimetidine or rifampin in healthy subjects.
Arumugham, T; Cramer, MB; Dimmitt, DC; Keung, A; Weir, SJ, 1999)		0.55
"Based on the small changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of dolasetron and its active metabolites, as well as the favorable safety results, no dosage adjustments for dolasetron mesylate are recommended with concomitant administration of cimetidine or rifampin."( Pharmacokinetics of dolasetron with coadministration of cimetidine or rifampin in healthy subjects.
Arumugham, T; Cramer, MB; Dimmitt, DC; Keung, A; Weir, SJ, 1999)		0.73
" We report that cimetidine in doses that may cause pharmacokinetic interactions did not affect the concentration-effect relationship of either the stimulating action of theophylline or the depressant activity of ethanol."( The effect of cimetidine on the pharmacodynamics of theophylline-induced seizures and ethanol hypnotic activity.
Gilhar, D; Habib, G; Hoffman, A; Perlstein, I; Pinto, E, 1999)		1.01
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma and urinary dofetilide concentrations; prolongation of the QTc interval was determined from three-lead electrocardiograms."( Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of dofetilide.
Abel, S; Brearley, CJ; Eve, MD; Nichols, DJ, 2000)		0.71
" There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide when given as monotherapy and when administered concurrently with cimetidine."( Drug interaction studies with repaglinide: repaglinide on digoxin or theophylline pharmacokinetics and cimetidine on repaglinide pharmacokinetics.
Hatorp, V; Thomsen, MS, 2000)		0.72
"The administration of cimetidine increased the ziprasidone AUC(0,infinity) by 6% but there were no statistically significant differences in Cmax, tmax or lambda(z) between the ziprasidone+cimetidine group and the ziprasidone group."( The pharmacokinetics of ziprasidone in healthy volunteers treated with cimetidine or antacid.
Folger, CJ; Geoffroy, P; Hansen, RA; Wilner, KD, 2000)		0.85
" It is concluded that, although there was a significant pharmacokinetic drug interaction between ketoconazole or cimetidine and loratadine, this effect was not accompanied by a change in the QTc interval in healthy adult volunteers."( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of loratadine with concomitant administration of ketoconazole or cimetidine.
Affrime, MB; Batra, VK; Cayen, MN; Kosoglou, T; Lim, JM; Salfi, M, 2000)		0.72
" Assessment of estimated pharmacokinetic variables revealed a significantly faster rate of change in the distribution phase for CyA in combination with cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of orally administered cyclosporine in healthy dogs.
Daigle, JC; Foil, CS; Hosgood, G; Hunter, RP, 2001)		0.91
"The influence of synthetic drugs prescribed for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin (GL) from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang (SGT, a traditional Chinese formulation, Shakuyaku-Kanzo-to in Japanese) was investigated in rats."( The influence of commonly prescribed synthetic drugs for peptic ulcer on the pharmacokinetic fate of glycyrrhizin from Shaoyao-Gancao-tang.
Akao, T; He, JX; Nishino, T; Tani, T, 2001)		0.31
" Further, it was found that oral administration of cimetidine in the quiescent phase resulted in significantly higher bioavailability and in other pharmacokinetic parameters compared to that obtained following administration in the active phase."( Variability in cimetidine absorption and plasma double peaks following oral administration in the fasted state in humans: correlation with antral gastric motility.
Amidon, GL; Barnett, JL; Hayashi, Y; Lesko, LJ; Ramachandran, C; Shah, VP; Takamatsu, N; Welage, LS; Yamamoto, R, 2002)		0.92
"To examine the effect of concomitant cimetidine or antacid administration on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers in two open-label, randomized studies."( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers.
Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)		0.94
"Coadministration of cimetidine had no statistically significant effect on the tmax or kel of sildenafil but caused a statistically significant increase in sildenafil AUCt and Cmax of 56% and 54%, respectively (P<0."( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers.
Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)		0.99
" Antacid coadministration had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil."( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers.
Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)		0.67
" Quetiapine plasma concentrations were measured before and after cimetidine coadministration, and quetiapine pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."( The effect of multiple doses of cimetidine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of quetiapine in men with selected psychotic disorders.
Keck, PE; Strakowski, SM; Thyrum, PT; Wong, YW; Yeh, C, 2002)		0.84
" Twelve healthy volunteers (eight males and four females) participated in an open-label, double-phase pharmacokinetic study."( Pharmacokinetics of saquinavir co-administered with cimetidine.
Back, DJ; Boffito, M; Bonora, S; Carriero, P; Di Perri, G; Hoggard, PG; Raiteri, R; Reynolds, HE; Sinicco, A; Trentini, L, 2002)		0.57
" Furthermore, the effect of cimetidine (CIM) on pharmacokinetic parameters of AC and its metabolite diacetolol (DC) was evaluated."( Influence of cimetidine co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol enantiomers and its metabolite diacetolol in a rat model: the effect of gastric pH on double-peak phenomena.
Foster, RT; Mostafavi, SA, 2003)		0.98
" This was a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study in which the subjects were administered aminophylline as a continuous infusion at low doses (mean 10."( Determination of theophylline clearance after cimetidine infusion in critically ill patients.
Fasihi, M; Hadjibabaie, M; Mojtahedzadeh, M; Rezaee, S; Sadray, S, )		0.39
" Concomitant ranitidine had no significant effect on voriconazole Cmax or AUCtau."( Histamine H2-receptor antagonists have no clinically significant effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of voriconazole.
Kleinermans, D; Nichols, D; Purkins, L; Wood, N, 2003)		0.32
" A comparison is also presented between several methods based on animal pharmacokinetic data, using the same set of proprietary compounds, and it lends further support for the use of this method, as opposed to methods that require the gathering of pharmacokinetic data in laboratory animals."( Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY, 2004)		0.32
"The primary route of elimination of granisetron is by oxidative hepatic metabolism, thus its pharmacokinetic profile may be altered by co-administration of other drugs that inhibit or induce hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes."( The effect of repeat dosing with cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous granisetron in healthy volunteers.
Youlten, L, 2004)		0.6
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic alteration of diltiazem and its main metabolite, deacetyldiltiazem, after oral administration of diltiazem in rabbits with or without cimetidine co-administration."( The influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite in rabbits.
Burm, JP; Choi, JS, 2004)		0.85
" No changes in any plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of fexofenadine were found during cimetidine treatment."( Different effects of three transporting inhibitors, verapamil, cimetidine, and probenecid, on fexofenadine pharmacokinetics.
Sugawara, K; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		0.79
"In view of the good tolerability of escitalopram, the pharmacokinetic changes observed on co-administration with cimetidine or omeprazole are unlikely to be of clinical concern."( The effect of cimetidine or omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram in healthy subjects.
Malling, D; Poulsen, MN; Søgaard, B, 2005)		0.9
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis."( Multiple dose pharmacokinetics and acute safety of piroxicam and cimetidine in the cat.
Chun, R; Corse, M; Garrett, L; Heeb, HL; Hunter, RP; Koch, DE; Moore, L; Pellerin, MA; Radlinsky, M, 2005)		0.57
"Four separate studies investigated the pharmacokinetic interaction between single oral doses of aliskiren and lovastatin, atenolol, celecoxib or cimetidine, respectively."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of the oral renin inhibitor aliskiren with lovastatin, atenolol, celecoxib and cimetidine.
Corynen, S; Dieterle, W; Mann, J; Vaidyanathan, S, 2005)		0.74
" Aliskiren mean Cmax was not affected by either lovastatin or atenolol, although a non-significant 36% increase was observed with celecoxib."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of the oral renin inhibitor aliskiren with lovastatin, atenolol, celecoxib and cimetidine.
Corynen, S; Dieterle, W; Mann, J; Vaidyanathan, S, 2005)		0.54
"Overall, single doses of aliskiren showed no evidence of clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions with lovastatin, atenolol, celecoxib or cimetidine."( Pharmacokinetic interactions of the oral renin inhibitor aliskiren with lovastatin, atenolol, celecoxib and cimetidine.
Corynen, S; Dieterle, W; Mann, J; Vaidyanathan, S, 2005)		0.74
" This multiple-dose study investigated the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between aliskiren and three drugs, each predominantly eliminated by a different clearance/metabolic pathway: allopurinol (glomerular filtration), celecoxib (cytochrome P450 metabolism) and cimetidine (P-glycoprotein and organic anion/cation transporters)."( A study of the pharmacokinetic interactions of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren with allopurinol, celecoxib and cimetidine in healthy subjects.
Ayalasomayajula, S; Bizot, MN; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Howard, D; Tchaloyan, S; Yeh, CM, 2008)		0.73
"Three open-label, multiple-dose studies in healthy subjects investigated possible pharmacokinetic interactions between aliskiren 300 mg od and allopurinol 300 mg od (n = 20), celecoxib 200 mg bid (n = 22), or cimetidine 800 mg od (n = 22)."( A study of the pharmacokinetic interactions of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren with allopurinol, celecoxib and cimetidine in healthy subjects.
Ayalasomayajula, S; Bizot, MN; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Howard, D; Tchaloyan, S; Yeh, CM, 2008)		0.74
"In this multiple-dose study, aliskiren showed no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions when co-administered with allopurinol, celecoxib or cimetidine in healthy subjects."( A study of the pharmacokinetic interactions of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren with allopurinol, celecoxib and cimetidine in healthy subjects.
Ayalasomayajula, S; Bizot, MN; Dieterich, HA; Dole, WP; Howard, D; Tchaloyan, S; Yeh, CM, 2008)		0.75
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
" to rats with or without probenecid (50 mg/kg) or cimetidine (40 mg/kg), and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared."( Role of organic anion transporters in the pharmacokinetics of zonampanel, an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor antagonist, in rats.
Aoki, T; Hashimoto, T; Kamimura, H; Minematsu, T; Usui, T, 2008)		0.6
"These findings could help explain possible pharmacokinetic changes of furosemide in various rat disease models (where CYP2C11, 2E1, 3A1 and/or CYP3A2 are altered) and drug-drug interactions between furosemide and other drugs (mainly metabolized via CYP2C11, 2E1, 3A1 and/or 3A2)."( Effects of cytochrome P450 inducers and inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous furosemide in rats: involvement of CYP2C11, 2E1, 3A1 and 3A2 in furosemide metabolism.
Choi, YH; Lee, JH; Lee, MG; Lee, U; Yang, KH, 2009)		0.35
" To predict the expected range of pharmacokinetic plasma concentrations after oral drug administration, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic population model for gastrointestinal transit and absorption was developed and evaluated."( Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic population modelling of oral drug administration: inter-individual variability of cimetidine absorption.
Dressman, JB; Edginton, AN; Jantratid, E; Kleine-Besten, M; Thelen, K; Willmann, S, 2009)		0.56
"The model facilitates predictions of the inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability after oral drug administration for immediate and extended-release formulations of cimetidine, given reasonable in-vitro dissolution kinetics."( Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic population modelling of oral drug administration: inter-individual variability of cimetidine absorption.
Dressman, JB; Edginton, AN; Jantratid, E; Kleine-Besten, M; Thelen, K; Willmann, S, 2009)		0.75
" This study investigated (1) the effect of food on alogliptin pharmacokinetics and tolerability and (2) pharmacokinetic interactions between alogliptin and metformin or cimetidine and tolerability of alogliptin when administered with either drug."( Pharmacokinetics of alogliptin when administered with food, metformin, or cimetidine: a two-phase, crossover study in healthy subjects.
Christopher, R; Covington, P; Davenport, M; Fleck, P; Karim, A; Li, X; Mekki, Q; Wann, E, 2010)		0.79
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the last dose in each period."( Pharmacokinetics of alogliptin when administered with food, metformin, or cimetidine: a two-phase, crossover study in healthy subjects.
Christopher, R; Covington, P; Davenport, M; Fleck, P; Karim, A; Li, X; Mekki, Q; Wann, E, 2010)		0.59
"The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic behavior of floating hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine (FMC) prepared using the non-solvent addition coacervation technique."( Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.
Ahmad, M; Hussain, I; Karim, S; Khan, SA; Kousar, R; Murtaza, G, )		0.56
" The optimized formulations were subjected to in vivo studies to calculate the various pharmacokinetic parameters for developed optimized microparticulate formulation FMC3."( Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.
Ahmad, M; Hussain, I; Karim, S; Khan, SA; Kousar, R; Murtaza, G, )		0.36
"The bioavailability parameters were found as: Cmax 1508."( Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.
Ahmad, M; Hussain, I; Karim, S; Khan, SA; Kousar, R; Murtaza, G, )		0.36
" The primary pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters were plasma peak concentration (Cmax), AUC up to the last measured concentration (AUClast), and renal clearance (CLr) of glycopyrronium."( Effect of cimetidine, a model drug for inhibition of the organic cation transport (OCT2/MATE1) in the kidney, on the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium.
Camenisch, G; Drollmann, A; Dumitras, S; Kaiser, G; Pal, P; Sechaud, R; Vaidyanathan, S, 2013)		0.79
" Cmax was not affected."( Effect of cimetidine, a model drug for inhibition of the organic cation transport (OCT2/MATE1) in the kidney, on the pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium.
Camenisch, G; Drollmann, A; Dumitras, S; Kaiser, G; Pal, P; Sechaud, R; Vaidyanathan, S, 2013)		0.79
" The AUC (6 hours ng mL(-1)) and CMAX (6 ng mL(-1)) of methadone significantly increased to 541 hours ng mL(-1) and 47."( Chloramphenicol significantly affects the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in Greyhound dogs.
KuKanich, B; KuKanich, K, 2015)		0.42
" The purpose of the present study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for atorvastatin and its two primary metabolites, 2-hydroxy-atorvastatin acid and atorvastatin lactone, using in vitro and in vivo data."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of disposition and drug-drug interactions for atorvastatin and its metabolites.
Zhang, T, 2015)		0.42
" However, expression and/or function of these proteins often fluctuate in pathological conditions, causing individual pharmacokinetic variability."( [Molecular Biological Analysis of Factors Influencing Pharmacokinetics to Achieve Personalized Pharmacotherapy].
Ikemura, K, 2015)		0.42
" The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to simulate the effects of OCT and MATE inhibition by cimetidine on metformin kinetics."( Metformin and cimetidine: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to investigate transporter mediated drug-drug interactions.
Almond, L; Burt, HJ; Gaohua, L; Harwood, MD; Jamei, M; Neuhoff, S; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Rowland-Yeo, K; Tucker, GT, 2016)		0.99
"The aim of this study was (1) to determine how closely physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can predict oral bioavailability using a priori knowledge of drug-specific properties and (2) to examine the influence of the biopharmaceutics classification system class on the simulation success."( Forecasting oral absorption across biopharmaceutics classification system classes with physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.
Aarons, L; Darwich, A; Dressman, J; Hansmann, S; Margolskee, A, 2016)		0.43
"On account of the disturbance from the distribution phase, the concentration-time curve of drugs cannot fully reflect the characteristics of elimination, and thus, it is difficult for present methods to obtain ideal pharmacokinetic parameters."( A method to determine pharmacokinetic parameters based on andante constant-rate intravenous infusion.
Cao, YX; Yu, RH, 2017)		0.46
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on plasma and urine data concentrations."( The role of organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor cimetidine, experimental diabetes mellitus and metformin on gabapentin pharmacokinetics in rats.
Baviera, AM; Benzi, JRL; de Moraes, NV; Stevens, JH; Yamamoto, PA, 2018)		0.73
"No differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between vehicle + GAB × cimetidine + GAB and vehicle + GAB × metformin + GAB groups."( The role of organic cation transporter 2 inhibitor cimetidine, experimental diabetes mellitus and metformin on gabapentin pharmacokinetics in rats.
Baviera, AM; Benzi, JRL; de Moraes, NV; Stevens, JH; Yamamoto, PA, 2018)		0.96
" Despite evidence supporting the inhibition of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins as the likely DDI mechanism, the previously reported physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model required the substantial lowering of the inhibition constant values of cimetidine for multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins from those obtained in vitro to capture the clinical DDI data between metformin and cimetidine."( Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Analysis for Quantitative Prediction of Renal Transporter-Mediated Interactions Between Metformin and Cimetidine.
Bister, B; Ishiguro, N; Lee, W; Nishiyama, K; Sugiyama, Y; Toshimoto, K, 2019)		0.89
"The objective of this study was to provide mechanistic whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of metformin and cimetidine, built and evaluated to describe the metformin-SLC22A2 808G>T drug-gene interaction, the cimetidine-metformin drug-drug interaction, and the impact of renal impairment on metformin exposure."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		0.97
"The established physiologically based pharmacokinetic models adequately describe the available clinical data, including the investigated drug-gene interaction, drug-drug interaction, and drug-drug-gene interaction studies, as well as the metformin exposure during renal impairment."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		0.77
"Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of metformin and cimetidine were built and qualified for the prediction of metformin pharmacokinetics during drug-gene interaction, drug-drug interaction, and different stages of renal disease."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		1
" Aplastic anemia patients were used to establish a population pharmacokinetic model by the nonlinear mixed effect (NONMEM), and concentrations of ciclosporin were simulated by Monte Carlo method."( Effects of cimetidine on ciclosporin population pharmacokinetics and initial dose optimization in aplastic anemia patients.
Chen, X; He, SM; Mao, YZ; Wang, DD; Yang, Y; Yin, D; Zheng, ZQ, 2022)		1.11
" In this study, we developed a mechanistic lactation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach incorporating BCRP mediated transport kinetics to simulate the concentration-time profiles of five BCRP drug substrates (acyclovir, bupropion, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin) in nursing women's plasma and milk."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug concentrations of breast cancer resistance protein substrates in milk.
Fang, Y; Li, Y; Zhang, T; Zou, P, 2022)		0.9
" These results were consistent with the cell-level pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling analysis which leveraged the time-course effects of drugs as single agents and drug combinations."( Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Evaluate the Impact of Cimetidine, an OCT2 Inhibitor, on the Anticancer Effects of Cisplatin.
Ait-Oudhia, S; Lesko, LJ; Mody, H; Vaidya, TR, 2022)		0.97

Compound-Compound Interactions

oxazepam and lorazepom may be the benzodiazepines of choice to use in combination with cimetidine. There is no clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between CHF 5993 and cimetamines.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of rebamipide alone and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis established by the administration of 5 mM sodium taurocholate (TCA) for 6 months in rats."( Therapeutic effects of oral rebamipide and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis in rats.
Fujimura, J; Haruma, K; Kajiyama, G; Kishimoto, S; Kobayashi, H; Machino, H; Sakurai, K; Shimamoto, T; Shimizu, S; Yamasaki, K, 1992)		0.74
" These involve a decrease in absorption when fluoroquinolones are given in combination with multivalent metal cations and an inhibition in the metabolism of methylxanthines by fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and norfloxacin."( Drug interactions with fluoroquinolones.
Stein, GE, 1991)		0.28
" Ulceration healed up within 2 weeks in 40% of patients treated with cimetidine combined with pirenzepine and in 31."( [Comparison of the results of the treatment with pirenzepine combined with cimetidine and sucralfate of stomach ulcer resistant to cimetidine].
Janke, A; Kozuszyńska, M; Namiot, Z; Stasiewicz, J; Szałaj, W, )		0.6
" Nine healthy volunteers received three treatments: 1) 10 mg acenocoumarol in combination with cimetidine, 2) 10 mg acenocoumarol in combination with placebo, 3) 10 mg acenocoumarol after one week pretreatment with pentobarbitone."( Detection of drug interactions with single dose acenocoumarol: new screening method?
Cohen, AF; de Boer, A; Edelbroek, PM; Hoogkamer, JF; Kroon, C; Schoemaker, HC; van der Meer, EJ, 1990)		0.5
" The host strain, biology of the tumour and the drug used in combination with CMTD might be some of the factors responsible for the varied response."( Effects of cimetidine combination with cyclophosphamide in transplanted murine tumors.
Ganu, UK; Gokhale, SV; Khandalekar, DD, )		0.52
" Drugs that are renally secreted are prone to significant and complex drug-drug interactions, and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is important."( Drug interactions involving renal transport mechanisms: an overview.
Kosoglou, T; Vlasses, PH, 1989)		0.28
"The most widely used H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, is known to interact with cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes and, therefore, interacts with other drugs which may be administered concurrently."( Comparative effects of H2-receptor antagonists on drug interaction in rats.
Cocchetto, DM; Duggan, DE; Lin, JH; Yeh, KC, )		0.39
" The potential of famotidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist with a guanylthiazole ring structure, to interact with the cytochrome P450 system has been extensively evaluated."( Famotidine: a notable lack of drug interactions.
Humphries, TJ, 1987)		0.27
") of stable isotope-labeled theophylline was administered with the oral dose of theophylline."( Aging and drug interactions. I. Effect of cimetidine and smoking on the oxidation of theophylline and cortisol in healthy men.
Cusack, BJ; Dawson, GW; Mercer, GD; Park, BK; Vestal, RE, 1987)		0.54
"The efficacy of prophylactic therapy with cimetidine or antacids combined with early enteral feeding to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with severe burns was evaluated."( Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in burns: the effects of cimetidine or antacids combined with early enteral feeding.
Hirshowitz, B; Jacobs, R; Kaufman, T; Moscona, R, 1985)		0.77
" These differences were more pronounced following in vitro exposure of effector cells to interferon alone or in combination with cimetidine."( Immune functions in melanoma patients during treatment with interferon [HuIFN-alpha (Le)] alone or in combination with cimetidine.
Axelsson, B; Boketoft, A; Borgström, S; Flodgren, P; Malmström, P; Sjögren, HO, )		0.54
"To study the absorption and disposition of clavulanic acid, ten healthy men received one intravenous and one oral dose of 125 mg clavulanic acid in combination with amoxycillin."( Pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid, given in combination with amoxycillin, in volunteers.
Fellner, H; Hedström, SA; Nilsson-Ehle, I; Nilsson-Ehle, P; Sjövall, J, 1985)		0.27
" Thus, when clinically indicated, oxazepam and lorazepam may be the benzodiazepines of choice to use in combination with cimetidine to eliminate the clinically significant drug interaction seen with diazepam and chlordiazepoxide."( Diazepam-cimetidine drug interaction: a clinically significant effect.
Ruffalo, RL; Segal, JL; Thompson, JF, 1981)		0.89
" Thus, effects of these drugs and serum levels, where available, should be more closely followed when used in combination with cimetidine."( Cimetidine drug interactions.
Greene, WL; Levinson, MJ; Self, TH, 1983)		1.91
"Antacids should not be combined with other anti-ulcer drugs such as carbenoxolone, metoclopramide, domperidone, sulpiride, di-citrato-bis-muthate and alginic acid."( [Antacids in combination with other anti-ulcer agents].
Fritsch, WP, 1983)		0.27
"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions which involve currently available benzodiazepines may be classified into two major categories: interactions which affect benzodiazepine rate of absorption, and interactions which affect clearance and, therefore, elimination half-life."( Benzodiazepine drug-drug interactions commonly occurring in clinical practice.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1984)		0.27
"Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions which involve currently available benzodiazepines may be classified into 2 major categories: interactions which affect benzodiazepine rate of absorption, and interactions which affect clearance and, therefore, elimination 1/2-life."( Benzodiazepine drug-drug interactions commonly occurring in clinical practice.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Ochs, HR; Shader, RI, 1984)		0.27
" These effects, combined with the common use of cimetidine in clinical practice, make the risk of adverse drug interactions a relatively frequent risk in the clinical setting."( Drug interactions involving cimetidine--mechanisms, documentation, implications.
Greene, W, 1984)		0.82
"Propranolol is widely used in clinical practice and is frequently administered along with other drugs."( Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with propranolol.
Feely, J; Wood, AJ, )		0.13
" Brief information on the following reports of drug-drug interactions is given in this article with the intention of giving these reports wider publicity and, possibly, encouraging further observation and research to establish or disprove their validity in a larger and wider range of patients or volunteer subjects."( Early reports on drug interactions.
D'Arcy, PF, 1983)		0.27
" In some cases, cimetidine (70 mg/kg) was administered in combination with a 2-fold molar excess of sodium nitrite."( Nondetection of O6-methylguanine in rat DNA following in vivo treatment with large doses of cimetidine alone or in combination with sodium nitrite.
Hadjiloucas, E; Kyrtopoulos, SA; Vrotsou, B, 1982)		0.83
" Cimetidine has several actions in vivo that may result in drug-drug interactions."( Drug interactions with cimetidine.
Schwinghammer, TL, 1981)		1.48
"Preliminary results of endoscopic electrocoagulation combined with Cimetidine are reported in a prospective series of 60 consecutive patients presenting with active bleeding from gastroduodenal ulcer."( Endoscopic electrocoagulation combined with cimetidine. A pilot study of the applicability in active bleeding from gastroduodenal ulcer.
Amdrup, E; Højsgaard, A; Wara, P, 1980)		0.76
"In this work, praziquantel (EMBAY 8440, CAS 55268-74-1), an oral antihelminthic drug effective against the three species of schistosomes pathogenic to man, was tested alone and in combination with cimetidine (CAS 51481-61-9), aH2-receptor antagonist having a known potentiative power when combined with other drugs."( Treatment of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni with praziquantel alone and combined with cimetidine.
Bennet, JL; Botros, SS; Ebeid, FA; Metwally, AA, 1994)		0.7
" The pharmacokinetic literature on racemic drugs contains a vast amount of information on drug-drug interactions derived from the measurement of total drug concentrations in plasma and urine."( Stereoselective and isozyme-selective drug interactions.
Gibaldi, M, 1993)		0.29
"Many adverse drug-drug interactions are attributable to pharmacokinetic problems and can be understood in terms of alterations of P450-catalyzed reactions."( Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug-drug interactions.
Guengerich, FP, 1997)		0.3
" The results from in vitro studies are related to the observed clinically significant in vivo drug-drug and drug-chemical interactions."( Drug interactions of H2-receptor antagonists involving cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzymes: from the laboratory to the clinic.
Rendić, S, 1999)		0.3
" No direct drug-drug interactions were found in these studies, suggesting that repaglinide may be coprescribed with cimetidine, digoxin, or theophylline at the dosage used for monotherapy."( Drug interaction studies with repaglinide: repaglinide on digoxin or theophylline pharmacokinetics and cimetidine on repaglinide pharmacokinetics.
Hatorp, V; Thomsen, MS, 2000)		0.73
") or placebo in combination with (commercially available, racemic) mirtazapine (30 mg nocte)."( Concomitant use of mirtazapine and cimetidine: a drug-drug interaction study in healthy male subjects.
Maris, FA; Sitsen, JM; Timmer, CJ, 2000)		0.58
" Juvenile rockfish were divided into 7 groups, and orally administered praziquantel alone (50, 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) body wt, BW) or in combination with cimetidine at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) BW for each praziquantel dose."( Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis infestation in cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli by oral administration of praziquantel in combination with cimetidine.
Cho, JB; Kim, KH; Kwon, SR; Lee, EH, 2001)		0.71
" In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the renal drug-drug interaction potential of oseltamivir."( The anti-influenza drug oseltamivir exhibits low potential to induce pharmacokinetic drug interactions via renal secretion-correlation of in vivo and in vitro studies.
Barrett, J; Cihlar, T; Hill, G; Ho, ES; Liu, B; Oo, C; Prior, K; Ward, P; Wiltshire, H, 2002)		0.31
" After immunization with ovalbumin (OVA), a common dietary constituent, we evaluated the efficacy of pretreatment with histamine-receptor or serotonin-receptor blockers administered alone or in combination with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) on OVA-induced anaphylactic shock in Brown Norway rats."( Constitutive nitric oxide synthase inhibition combined with histamine and serotonin receptor blockade improves the initial ovalbumin-induced arterial hypotension but decreases the survival time in brown norway rats anaphylactic shock.
Bellou, A; Gerard, P; Gillois, P; Guéant, JL; Lambert, H; Longrois, D; Mallié, JP; Montémont, C; Sainte-Laudy, J; Vauthier, E, 2003)		0.32
" In the current paper, this new extraction technique was combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the first time."( Liquid-phase microextraction based on carrier mediated transport combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. New concept for the determination of polar drugs in a single drop of human plasma.
Anthonsen, HS; Ho, TS; Pedersen-Bjergaard, S; Rasmussen, KE; Reubsaet, JL, 2005)		0.33
"The renal drug-drug interaction between famotidine (an H(2) receptor antagonist) and probenecid has not been reproduced in rats."( Is the monkey an appropriate animal model to examine drug-drug interactions involving renal clearance? Effect of probenecid on the renal elimination of H2 receptor antagonists.
Chida, M; Fuse, E; Kusuhara, H; Sugiyama, Y; Tahara, H, 2006)		0.33
" The drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of these drugs for the hOCT/rOct-mediated hepatic/renal uptake process was also assessed."( Effect of cationic drugs on the transporting activity of human and rat OCT/Oct 1-3 in vitro and implications for drug-drug interactions.
Iwatsubo, T; Kamimura, H; Noguchi, K; Umehara, KI; Usui, T, 2008)		0.35
"Cimetidine is known to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with organic cations in the kidney, and a previous clinical study showed that coadministration of cimetidine or probenecid with fexofenadine (FEX) decreased its renal clearance."( The inhibition of human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 is involved in the drug-drug interaction caused by cimetidine.
Horita, S; Inoue, K; Kondo, T; Kusuhara, H; Maeda, K; Matsushima, S; Nakayama, H; Ohta, KY; Sugiyama, Y; Yuasa, H, 2009)		2.01
" This study investigated (1) the effect of food on alogliptin pharmacokinetics and tolerability and (2) pharmacokinetic interactions between alogliptin and metformin or cimetidine and tolerability of alogliptin when administered with either drug."( Pharmacokinetics of alogliptin when administered with food, metformin, or cimetidine: a two-phase, crossover study in healthy subjects.
Christopher, R; Covington, P; Davenport, M; Fleck, P; Karim, A; Li, X; Mekki, Q; Wann, E, 2010)		0.79
" To examine the potential for drug-drug interactions at these two transporters, the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin enacarbil were evaluated in healthy adults after administration alone or in combination with either naproxen (an MCT-1 substrate) or cimetidine (an OCT2 substrate)."( Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of gabapentin enacarbil, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin, with naproxen and cimetidine.
Blumenthal, R; Cundy, KC; Ho, J; Lal, R; Luo, W; Sukbuntherng, J; Vicente, V, 2010)		0.74
" These results suggest that the inhibition of MATEs, but not OCT2, is a likely mechanism underlying the drug-drug interactions with cimetidine in renal elimination."( Competitive inhibition of the luminal efflux by multidrug and toxin extrusions, but not basolateral uptake by organic cation transporter 2, is the likely mechanism underlying the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions caused by cimetidine in the kidney.
Inoue, K; Ito, S; Kusuhara, H; Sugiyama, Y; Toyoshima, J; Yokochi, M; Yuasa, H, 2012)		0.77
"Inhibition of cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism by a concomitantly administered second drug is one of the major causes of drug-drug interactions in humans."( Drug-drug interactions and cooperative effects detected in electrochemically driven human cytochrome P450 3A4.
Di Nardo, G; Ferrero, S; Gilardi, G; Sadeghi, SJ, 2012)		0.38
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
" The underlying mechanism for TL-118-treatment success was associated with hepatic perfusion attenuation resulting from reduced nitric-oxide (NO) serum levels as elucidated by using hemodynamic response imaging (HRI, a functional MRI combined with hypercapnia and hyperoxia)."( Improved efficacy of a novel anti-angiogenic drug combination (TL-118) against colorectal-cancer liver metastases; MRI monitoring in mice.
Abramovitch, R; Corchia, N; Edrei, Y; Gross, E, 2012)		0.38
" Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) via inhibition of renal organic anion (OAT) and organic cation (OCT) transporters have been observed in the clinic."( Quantitative prediction of renal transporter-mediated clinical drug-drug interactions.
Corrigan, B; El-Kattan, A; Feng, B; Hurst, S; Lockwood, P; Lu, Y; Rotter, CJ; Varma, MV, 2013)		0.39
" TL-118, a novel drug combination has been recently developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis."( TL-118 and gemcitabine drug combination display therapeutic efficacy in a MYCN amplified orthotopic neuroblastoma murine model--evaluation by MRI.
Abramovitch, R; Corchia, N; Dery, E; Fried, I; Gross, E; Komar-Stossel, C; Meir, K, 2014)		0.4
" Therefore, prediction and evaluation of drug-drug interaction potential is important in the clinic and in the drug development process."( Evaluation of the transporter-mediated herb-drug interaction potential of DA-9801, a standardized dioscorea extract for diabetic neuropathy, in human in vitro and rat in vivo.
Choi, SZ; Jeong, HU; Kang, HE; Kim, EN; Kong, TY; Kwon, SS; Lee, HS; Son, M; Song, IS, 2014)		0.4
" The model was used to predict the pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-drug interaction (DDI) effect for atorvastatin and its metabolites in different DDI scenarios."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of disposition and drug-drug interactions for atorvastatin and its metabolites.
Zhang, T, 2015)		0.42
" While the final PBPK model has limitations, it demonstrates the benefit of allowing for the complexities of passive permeability combined with active cellular uptake modulated by an electrochemical gradient and active efflux."( Metformin and cimetidine: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to investigate transporter mediated drug-drug interactions.
Almond, L; Burt, HJ; Gaohua, L; Harwood, MD; Jamei, M; Neuhoff, S; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Rowland-Yeo, K; Tucker, GT, 2016)		0.79
"This two-period, open-label, crossover study examined the drug-drug interaction of CHF 5993 and cimetidine."( A Two-Period Open-Label, Single-Dose Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine and Inhaled Extrafine CHF 5993.
Acerbi, D; Ciurlia, G; Mariotti, F; Muraro, A; Spaccapelo, L, 2017)		0.88
"Overall, this study indicates that there is no clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between CHF 5993 and cimetidine."( A Two-Period Open-Label, Single-Dose Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine and Inhaled Extrafine CHF 5993.
Acerbi, D; Ciurlia, G; Mariotti, F; Muraro, A; Spaccapelo, L, 2017)		0.87
" In this study, hot melt extrusion of a drug-drug mixture with minimal amount of polymeric excipient was investigated."( Melt Extrusion of High-Dose Co-Amorphous Drug-Drug Combinations : Theme: Formulation and Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms Guest Editors: Tony Zhou and Tonglei Li.
Aho, J; Arnfast, L; Baldursdottir, S; Kamruzzaman, M; Löbmann, K; Rades, T; Rantanen, J, 2017)		0.46
"Using indomethacin-cimetidine as a model drug-drug system, processability of physical mixtures with and without 5% (w/w) of polyethylene oxide (PEO) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS) rheometry."( Melt Extrusion of High-Dose Co-Amorphous Drug-Drug Combinations : Theme: Formulation and Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms Guest Editors: Tony Zhou and Tonglei Li.
Aho, J; Arnfast, L; Baldursdottir, S; Kamruzzaman, M; Löbmann, K; Rades, T; Rantanen, J, 2017)		0.78
" It is recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration as a clinical substrate of organic cation transporter 2/multidrug and toxin extrusion protein for drug-drug interaction studies."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		0.77
"The objective of this study was to provide mechanistic whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of metformin and cimetidine, built and evaluated to describe the metformin-SLC22A2 808G>T drug-gene interaction, the cimetidine-metformin drug-drug interaction, and the impact of renal impairment on metformin exposure."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		0.97
"The established physiologically based pharmacokinetic models adequately describe the available clinical data, including the investigated drug-gene interaction, drug-drug interaction, and drug-drug-gene interaction studies, as well as the metformin exposure during renal impairment."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		0.77
"Whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of metformin and cimetidine were built and qualified for the prediction of metformin pharmacokinetics during drug-gene interaction, drug-drug interaction, and different stages of renal disease."( A Comprehensive Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Model of Metformin and Cimetidine in Healthy Adults and Renally Impaired Individuals.
Ebner, T; Hanke, N; Ishiguro, N; Lehr, T; Müller, F; Nock, V; Selzer, D; Stopfer, P; Türk, D; Wiebe, S, 2020)		1
" The objective of the study was to assess the potential drug-drug interaction between imeglimin and cimetidine, a reference inhibitor of these transporters."( Lack of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine, a Renal Transporter Inhibitor, and Imeglimin, a Novel Oral Antidiabetic Drug, in Healthy Volunteers.
Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S, 2020)		1.05
"No clinically significant drug-drug interaction exists between imeglimin and cimetidine, a reference inhibitor of MATE1, MATE2-K, OCT1 and OCT2 transporters."( Lack of Drug-Drug Interaction Between Cimetidine, a Renal Transporter Inhibitor, and Imeglimin, a Novel Oral Antidiabetic Drug, in Healthy Volunteers.
Bolze, S; Chevalier, C; Dubourg, J; Fouqueray, P; Perrimond-Dauchy, S, 2020)		1.06
" FTIR spectra combined with singular value decomposition (SVD) suggested by absorbance peak shifts of several vibration modes that the polymorphic transformations of the samples affect their molecular interactions."( Effects of Heat Treatment on Indomethacin-Cimetidine Mixture; Investigation of Drug-Drug Interaction Using Singular Value Decomposition in FTIR Spectroscopy.
Goto, S; Kuwashima, W; Otsuka, Y; Shimada, Y; Tanaka, Y; Yamaki, Y, 2021)		0.89
" Herein, the impacts of metformin alone and in combination with cimetidine/ibuprofen on some Th1- and regulatory T (Treg) cell-related parameters were evaluated using a breast cancer (BC) model."( Modulatory Effects of Metformin Alone and in Combination with Cimetidine and Ibuprofen on T Cell-related Parameters in a Breast Cancer Model.
Hassan, ZM; Jafarzadeh, A; Khorramdelazad, H; Masoumi, J; Nemati, M; Oladpour, O; Rezayati, MT; Taghipour, F; Taghipour, Z, 2021)		1.1
" Based on nonclinical in vitro characterization of gepotidacin metabolism, two phase I studies were conducted in healthy participants to investigate clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."( Clinical assessment of gepotidacin (GSK2140944) as a victim and perpetrator of drug-drug interactions via CYP3A metabolism and transporters.
Barth, A; Brimhall, DB; Dumont, EF; Nguyen, D; Perry, CR; Shabbir, S; Srinivasan, M; Swift, B; Thomas, S; Zamek-Gliszczynski, MJ, 2023)		0.91

Bioavailability

Cimetidine's bioavailability and its effect in primary hyperparathyroidism is clearly demonstrated. Means tacrine oral clearance was reduced by 30%; however, mean absorption rate and elimination half-life values were not affected by cimetidine.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The age-related increase in bioavailability of oral cimetidine, as measured by AUC, was probably due to decreased total clearance of the drug, which resulted from the opposed changes (by themselves not significant) of distribution volume towards a decrease and of half-life towards an increase with age."( Blood level of cimetidine in relation to age.
Borgogelli, E; Lodola, E; Redolfi, A, 1979)		0.86
"The bioavailability of parenteral cimetidine was tested in 12 volunteers in a balanced three-way crossover study."( Bioavailability of cimetidine in man.
Dubb, JW; Intoccia, AP; Randolph, WC; Stote, RM; Walkenstein, SS; Westlake, WJ, 1978)		0.87
" 2 No significant changes in bioavailability were seen during treatment measured as the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC)."( The absorption of cimetidine before and during maintenance treatment with cimetidine and the influence of a meal on the absorption of cimetidine--studies in patients with peptic ulcer disease.
Bodemar, G; Fransson, L; Norlander, B; Walan, A, 1979)		0.59
" Thus, it easily enters the systemic blood flow, resulting in almost complete bioavailability (75-100%)."( Pharmacokinetic profile of nicorandil in humans: an overview.
Frydman, A, 1992)		0.28
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor AF) were investigated in two studies, one comparing healthy elderly and younger volunteers and the other assessing the effects of an antacid and H2-receptor antagonist on cefaclor AF bioavailability."( Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor AF: effects of age, antacids and H2-receptor antagonists.
Cerimele, BJ; Coleman, DL; DeSante, KA; Hatcher, BL; Kisicki, J; Satterwhite, JH, 1992)		0.28
" We found that salicylic acid absorption from this solution was delayed but complete whereas the absorption of atenolol, cimetidine, frusemide and hydrochlorothiazide was four- to five-fold lower than expected from oral bioavailability studies."( Absorption of polar drugs following caecal instillation in healthy volunteers.
Kim, M; Riley, SA; Rowland, M; Sutcliffe, F; Turnberg, LA, 1992)		0.49
" and cimetidine 1000 mg/d for 7 days led to a significant increase of the relative bioavailability of nimodipine."( Influence of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of nimodipine in healthy volunteers.
Kuhlmann, J; Mück, W; Rämsch, KD; Seiberling, M; Wingender, W; Woelke, E, 1992)		1.06
" The effect of gastric emptying and GI transit rate constants (Kl and K1, respectively), number of hypothetical gut compartments, and absorption rate constant at each site (Ka1, Ka2) on the time of occurrence of each peak (Tp1, Tp2), the theoretical fraction of the dose absorbed at each site (phi 1, phi 2), and the contribution of the second site to systemic drug exposure (expressed as phi 2rel) were examined."( Use of a pharmacokinetic model incorporating discontinuous gastrointestinal absorption to examine the occurrence of double peaks in oral concentration-time profiles.
Brouwer, KL; Pollack, GM; Suttle, AB, 1992)		0.28
" In this study, the absorption and bioavailability of oral doses of each of three H2RAs, which are possible factors in these effects, were studied in healthy volunteers."( Does H2 receptor antagonist-resistant ulcer exist?--A review based on bioavailability in man.
Kawai, K, 1992)		0.28
"The comparative bioavailability of cimetidine in cimetidine-alginate combinations has been investigated in twelve healthy volunteers in an open crossover study."( The comparative bioavailability of cimetidine-alginate treatments.
Britton, AM; Draper, PR; Nichols, JD, 1991)		0.84
"To determine whether the H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine, which is a potent inhibitor of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity in vitro, increases the bioavailability of orally administered ethanol (0."( Effects of ranitidine on blood alcohol levels after ethanol ingestion. Comparison with other H2-receptor antagonists.
Baraona, E; DiPadova, C; Frezza, M; Gentry, RT; Lieber, CS; Roine, R, 1992)		0.28
"Peak blood alcohol concentrations, areas under the blood alcohol curve, first-pass metabolism, and bioavailability of orally consumed ethanol."( Effects of ranitidine on blood alcohol levels after ethanol ingestion. Comparison with other H2-receptor antagonists.
Baraona, E; DiPadova, C; Frezza, M; Gentry, RT; Lieber, CS; Roine, R, 1992)		0.28
" First-pass metabolism of ethanol was decreased from 70 +/- 10 to 31 +/- 9 mg/kg of body weight, with a corresponding increase in ethanol bioavailability of 79."( Effects of ranitidine on blood alcohol levels after ethanol ingestion. Comparison with other H2-receptor antagonists.
Baraona, E; DiPadova, C; Frezza, M; Gentry, RT; Lieber, CS; Roine, R, 1992)		0.28
"The effect of food intake on the bioavailability of sulpiride from a commercial film-coated tablet (100 mg/T) treated with polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA), which remains undissolved at pH above 4 approximately 5, were investigated in four healthy male subjects in the normal state or in a drug-induced achlorhydric state."( Effects of food intake on the bioavailability of sulpiride from AEA film-coated tablet having a pH-dependent dissolution characteristic in normal or drug-induced achlorhydric subjects.
Hamaguchi, T; Kobayashi, M; Mizuno, N; Shinkuma, D; Yamanaka, Y, 1991)		0.28
" Residence probability functions and drug delivery probability functions provided by the approach appear useful for extending kinetic bioavailability concepts into a purely stochastic realm."( Stochastic interpretation of linear pharmacokinetics: a linear system analysis approach.
Veng-Pedersen, P, 1991)		0.28
" In vivo, therapeutic doses of cimetidine (but not of famotidine) increased blood ethanol levels when ethanol was given orally, but not when it was given intravenously, indicating a significant contribution of the gastric ADH to the bioavailability and thereby the potential toxicity of ethanol."( Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase: its inhibition by H2-receptor antagonists, and its effect on the bioavailability of ethanol.
Baraona, E; Caballeria, J; Greenstein, R; Hernández-Muñoz, R; Lieber, CS; Uppal, R, 1990)		0.57
" The absolute oral bioavailability of moclobemide increased significantly after cimetidine administration (54% versus 68%), as did the maximum plasma concentration after a single oral dose (575 versus 787 ng/ml)."( Cimetidine alters the disposition kinetics of the monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide.
Dellenbach, M; Eggers, H; Hoevels, B; Mayersohn, M; Pfefen, JP; Schoerlin, MP, 1991)		1.95
" The bioavailability of cimetidine (200 mg) after oral administration to awake dogs was increased significantly by using tablets containing alginate."( [Biological availability of different oral cimetidine preparations in the dog].
Plass, H; Turnheim, K; Viernstein, H, 1990)		0.85
"Moricizine is well absorbed after oral administration and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of moricizine.
Barbey, JT; Schwartz, SL; Siddoway, LA; Woosley, RL, 1990)		0.28
" Cimetidine significantly increased the procainamide area under the serum concentration-time curve by 43%, decreased renal clearance by 36%, and decreased the ratio of systemic clearance of procainamide to bioavailability by 28%."( Interaction of steady-state procainamide with H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine.
Gallastegui, J; Jung, D; Paloucek, FP; Rodvold, KA, 1987)		1.42
" The proposed method is rapid, accurate and precise, and it should be useful for clinical, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies of cimetidine."( An improved high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cimetidine and its major metabolite in plasma.
Cervantes-Campos, C; Delgadillo-Valencia, MP; Girard-Cuesy, ME; León-Urrea, F; Montoya-Cabrera, MA, )		0.56
"In order to find ways to increase the usually very low bioavailability of praziquantel, the effect of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the metabolism of praziquantel was investigated in rats."( Inhibitory effects of cimetidine ketoconazole and miconazole on the metabolism of praziquantel.
Diekmann, HW; Overbosch, D; Schneidereit, M, 1989)		0.59
"Amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, was synthesized in an attempt to develop a compound with a pharmacokinetic profile characteristic of this class, which would also have an increased oral bioavailability and extended clearance time."( The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine.
Abernethy, DR, 1989)		0.28
"The bioavailability of sulpiride taken in film-coated tablet form with sodium bicarbonate or cimetidine or with natural orange juice or diluted hydrochloric acid was studied."( The bioavailability of sulpiride taken as a film-coated tablet with sodium bicarbonate, cimetidine, natural orange juice or hydrochloric acid.
Hamaguchi, T; Kobayashi, M; Mizuno, N; Shinkuma, D; Yamanaka, Y, 1989)		0.72
" The bioavailability of cimetidine was not significantly affected by metoclopramide and it was marginally reduced by the antacid."( Effects on cimetidine bioavailability of metoclopramide and antacids given two hours apart.
Barzaghi, N; Crema, F; Mescoli, G; Perucca, E, 1989)		0.97
" The limitation of the MAT parameter is due to the fact that this parameter is scale independent in that it only considers the shape and not the magnitude of the drug level or absorption rate curve."( Center of gravity of drug level curves: a model-independent parameter useful in bioavailability studies.
Tillman, LG; Veng-Pedersen, P, 1989)		0.28
" The area under the concentration curve after oral administration (AUCpo) was increased by 62% and the plasma oral clearance (Clpo) was decreased by 39% by cimetidine treatment, whereas the bioavailability (F) was not changed."( The inhibitory effects of cimetidine on elimination and distribution of propranolol in rats.
Asahina, M; Kawamata, Y; Kojo, M; Nishigaki, R; Shibasaki, S; Umemura, K, 1989)		0.77
" This study indicates: (1) Simultaneous administration of aluminum hydroxide gel does not alter the bioavailability of cimetidine."( [Effect of antacids on the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of cimetidine].
Bai, G; Jia, BQ, 1989)		0.72
" Cimetidine, when administered concurrently with metoprolol, could possibly cause an increase in plasma metoprolol concentrations or bioavailability through inhibition of hepatic P-450 metabolizing enzymes."( Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on cardiovascular drugs.
Baciewicz, AM; Baciewicz, FA, 1989)		1.59
" There were no changes in the rate of absorption and the renal clearance of rimantadine when it was administered with cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine on the disposition of rimantadine in healthy subjects.
Brown, SY; Choma, N; Holazo, AA; Lee, LF; Wills, RJ, 1989)		0.89
" Comparison of parenteral to enteral potencies suggests that ORF 17578 was well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of both species with a bioavailability profile similar to that of ranitidine."( Pharmacology of ORF 17578, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist: comparison with cimetidine and ranitidine.
Katz, LB; Scott, CK; Shriver, DA, 1986)		0.5
"), total pepsin output, and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."( Pharmacological profile of etintidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Katz, LB; Scott, CK; Shriver, DA, 1986)		0.27
" These data indicate that cimetidine, but not ranitidine, causes a decrease in the bioavailability of tocainide and that neither agent alters the apparent elimination rate of tocainide."( The effect of histamine-2 receptor antagonists on tocainide pharmacokinetics.
Kapil, RP; Lalonde, RL; Mattern, AL; North, DS, 1988)		0.58
" There was no difference in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, rate of absorption or half-life of elimination of ibuprofen between the three treatments."( Do nizatidine and cimetidine interact with ibuprofen?
Forsyth, DR; Jayasinghe, KS; Roberts, CJ, 1988)		0.61
" These results indicate that gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity governs, in part, the systemic bioavailability of ethanol."( Effects of cimetidine on gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and blood ethanol levels.
Baraona, E; Caballeria, J; Lieber, CS; Rodamilans, M, 1989)		0.67
" Although not affecting the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol, cimetidine did produce an increase in the bioavailability of metoprolol through inhibition of enzymes responsible for the first-pass elimination of the beta-blocker."( The racemic metoprolol H2-antagonist interaction.
Batra, H; Bowes, RJ; Davidson, EM; Garstang, FM; Rowland, M; Toon, S, 1988)		0.52
" In Study II, the effect of food on the bioavailability of the two EB preparations was studied after a single dose of 500 mg (2 x 250 mg enterocoated tablets) and after multiple dosing (2 x 250 mg tid)."( Absorption of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin base in the fasting and non-fasting state.
Männistö, PT; Pohto, P; Solkinen, A; Tuominen, RK; Vuorela, A, 1988)		0.27
" The intimate relationship of the bioavailability of cimetidine and its effect in primary hyperparathyroidism is clearly demonstrated."( Hyperparathyroid crisis reviewed: a role for parenteral cimetidine?
Ackroyd, FW; Garcia, M; Glick, H; Goldstone, RJ; Minervini, D; Sherwood, JK, 1986)		0.77
" This would suggest that cimetidine either increases the bioavailability of clobazam or reduces that of NDMC."( The effect of cimetidine on the single dose pharmacokinetics of oral clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam.
Edwards, D; Feely, MP; Haigh, JR; Peaker, S; Pullar, T, 1987)		0.94
" The ileac pH value (measured by a pH meter with a micro pH combination electrode) was slightly higher than that in other intestinal sites, and the absorption rate constant (ka) following the administration of cimetidine into the ligated ileac loop was larger than that in the ligated duodenal and jejunal loops."( Study of the absorption site of cimetidine.
Funaki, T; Furuta, S; Kaneniwa, N; Watari, N, 1986)		0.74
" The observed interaction can be explained by an increase in bioavailability or, more probably, by a decrease in biotransformation of flecainide in the presence of cimetidine."( Altered pharmacokinetics of oral flecainide by cimetidine.
de Schepper, PJ; Tjandra-Maga, TB; van Hecken, A; van Melle, P; Verbesselt, R, 1986)		0.72
" The results indicate that sucralfate did not reduce the bioavailability of cimetidine."( Effect of sucralfate on the bioavailability of cimetidine.
Albin, H; Amouretti, M; Couzigou, P; Lalague, MC; Vincon, G, 1986)		0.76
"2 1/kg/h, bioavailability 36%."( [Cimetidine pharmacokinetics].
Blinkov, IL; Davydov, SM; Karpenko, EV; Katrukha, SP; Kukes, VG, )		1.04
"Metoclopramide was found to increase the absorption rate constant (ka) of cimetidine by the duodenum and jejunum in both ligated and unligated rats."( Effect of metoclopramide on the absorption of cimetidine in rats.
Funaki, T; Furuta, S; Kaneniwa, N, 1986)		0.76
" 1980] have shown that the bioavailability of Augmentin is not affected by food."( Augmentin bioavailability following cimetidine, aluminum hydroxide and milk.
Clarke, HL; Horton, R; Jackson, D; Lau, D; Staniforth, DH, 1985)		0.54
" Relative bioavailability during concurrent cimetidine treatment was 123% of that during the control trial."( Doxepin-cimetidine interaction: increased doxepin bioavailability during cimetidine treatment.
Abernethy, DR; Todd, EL, 1986)		0.97
" 506 +/- 82 ng/ml X hr) and absolute bioavailability (35% +/- 7% vs."( Lack of interaction between verapamil and cimetidine.
Abernethy, DR; Schwartz, JB; Todd, EL, 1985)		0.53
" The altered cimetidine effectiveness was not associated with reduced oral bioavailability and serum calcium was unchanged."( Development of cimetidine resistance in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Andersen, BN; Larsen, NE; Rune, SJ; Worning, H, 1985)		0.99
" The bioavailability of the oral dose averaged 60."( Pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid, given in combination with amoxycillin, in volunteers.
Fellner, H; Hedström, SA; Nilsson-Ehle, I; Nilsson-Ehle, P; Sjövall, J, 1985)		0.27
" Cimetidine bioavailability parameters were identical in both groups, but Non-Responders had a higher peak concentration and a shorter time of peak concentration."( Factors predicting the therapeutic outcome of duodenal ulcer treatment with H2-receptor antagonists.
Gugler, R; Jensen, JC; Reimnitz, P; Rohner, HG; Somogyi, A, 1985)		1.18
"The bioavailability of oral and intravenous cimetidine and ranitidine was studied in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis."( The pharmacokinetics of H2 receptor blocking agents in compensated liver cirrhosis.
Iemmolo, RM; Lirussi, F; Nassuato, G; Okolicsányi, L; Orlando, R; Strazzabosco, M; Venuti, M, 1984)		0.53
" Bioavailability was unaffected by food and AUC increased linearly with dose to 100 mg."( Pharmacokinetic and gastric secretory studies of ranitidine in man.
Anderson, A; Hanson, RG; Louis, WJ; McNeil, JJ; Mihaly, GW; Smallwood, RA; Yeomans, ND, 1981)		0.26
" Additionally, cimetidine decreases liver blood flow and increases the bioavailability of drugs with high hepatic extraction ratios."( Cimetidine as an inhibitor of drug metabolism: therapeutic implications and review of the literature.
Bauman, JH; Kimelblatt, BJ, 1982)		2.06
" 2 Cimetidine caused no significant changes in the bioavailability of any of the two beta-adrenoceptor blockers and the rate of elimination of metoprolol was unaffected by the histamine H2-receptor blocker."( The effect of pretreatment with cimetidine on the bioavailability and disposition of atenolol and metoprolol.
Houtzagers, JJ; Regårdh, CG; Streurman, O, 1982)		1.17
" These mechanisms include: (1) impaired hepatic drug metabolism due to inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzymes, (2) reduced hepatic blood flow, resulting in decreased clearance of drugs that are highly extracted by the liver, (3) increased potential for myelosuppression when administered concurrently with other drugs capable of causing myelosuppression, and (4) altered bioavailability of acid-labile drugs."( Review of cimetidine drug interactions.
Darvey, DL; Sorkin, EM, 1983)		0.67
" Before pirenzepine will be given in combination with antacids, bioavailability of the drug should be proved during antacid treatment."( [Antacids in combination with other anti-ulcer agents].
Fritsch, WP, 1983)		0.27
" Bioavailability and/or biotransformation are the factors most likely to account for the differences observed between species, and between in vivo and in vitro studies for this long-acting antisecretory agent."( In vivo and in vitro effects of CM 57755, a new gastric antisecretory agent acting on histamine H2 receptors.
Aureggi, G; Bianchetti, A; Carminati, P; Lavezzo, A; Manzoni, L; Nisato, D, 1984)		0.27
" Temazepam bioavailability after oral administration is unchanged after either H2 receptor antagonist, or after the emulsion antacid."( The influence of H2 receptor antagonists on the plasma concentrations of midazolam and temazepam.
Collier, PS; Dundee, JW; Elliott, P; Elwood, RJ, 1984)		0.27
" Systemic bioavailability is approximately 70% with cimetidine and 50% with ranitidine."( Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and ranitidine.
Richards, DA, 1983)		0.77
" The absolute bioavailability in healthy subjects is about 60%."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of cimetidine.
Gugler, R; Somogyi, A, )		0.42
"05), and systemic bioavailability was reduced from 30."( The effects of enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition on labetalol pharmacokinetics.
Daneshmend, TK; Roberts, CJ, 1984)		0.27
" Assessment of methylprednisolone disposition following oral and intravenous doses revealed no effect of cimetidine on the bioavailability (74 to 81 percent absorption) or plasma clearance (22 to 24 liters per hour) of the steroid."( Cimetidine-methylprednisolone-theophylline metabolic interaction.
Ebling, WF; Gardner, MJ; Green, AW; Jusko, WJ, 1984)		1.92
" No influence can be expected from cimetidine on the bioavailability of these metal ions, the opposite being also true."( An assessment of the physiological significance of cimetidine interactions with copper and zinc in biofluids as based on the computer-simulated distribution of the involved complexes at therapeutic levels of the drug.
Akrivos, F; Berthon, G; Blais, MJ; Hoffelt, J, 1984)		0.8
"In view of contradictory reports on the bioavailability of cimetidine in the presence of concomitantly administered antacids we studied the areas under the plasma concentration time curves (AUC) of cimetidine, the maximal concentrations (cmax) and the time, at which cmax was reached (tmax) in eight patients (five patients with duodenal ulcer, three patients with gastric ulcer) with and without the administration of an aluminum hydroxide magnesium hydroxide containing antacid (Maaloxan)."( Absence of in vivo and in vitro interactions of an aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide containing antacid with cimetidine in patients with peptic ulcer.
Allgayer, H; Paumgartner, G; Röllinghoff, W, 1983)		0.72
" The failure of cimetidine to control gastric hypersecretion in these patients was attributed to both a diminished oral bioavailability and a decreased pharmacologic response to the drug."( Failure of cimetidine in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Adamonis, AJ; Dreyer, M; Madura, M; Olinger, EJ; Schentag, JJ; Ziemniak, JA, 1983)		1
" It was assumed that pretreatment with cimetidine, because of its inhibition of metabolic pathways of both demethylation and hydroxylation as well as its ability to reduce hepatic extraction of these drugs, would increase bioavailability and decrease clearance of both drugs."( Cimetidine interaction with imipramine and nortriptyline.
Henauer, SA; Hollister, LE, 1984)		1.98
" After cimetidine, lidocaine apparent oral clearance (Clo) reduced 42% +/- 7%; oral bioavailability increased 35% +/- 10%; and systemic clearance (Cls) and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) decreased 21% +/- 6% and 20% +/- 7%."( Lidocaine disposition--sex differences and effects of cimetidine.
Birkett, DJ; Foenander, T; Lillywhite, K; Miners, JO; Wanwimolruk, S; Wing, LM, 1984)		0.97
" The results indicate that aluminium phosphate does not reduce the bioavailability of cimetidine and prednisolone."( Effect of aluminium phosphate on the bioavailability of cimetidine and prednisolone.
Albin, H; Bedjaoui, A; Begaud, B; Demotes-Mainard, F; Vincon, G, 1984)		0.74
" imipramine doses indicated absolute bioavailability was 40."( Imipramine-cimetidine interaction: impairment of clearance and enhanced absolute bioavailability.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Shader, RI, 1984)		0.66
" In contrast, measurement of urinary excretion showed higher bioavailability in the patients (66 +/- 23 vs 51 +/- 8%)."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in advanced cirrhosis.
Grahnén, A; Jameson, S; Lindström, B; Lööf, L; Tyllström, J, 1984)		0.59
"A two-way crossover bioavailability study of two commercial cimetidine formulations was performed on 24 healthy male volunteers."( Comparative bioavailability study of two tablet formulations of cimetidine.
Berardi, RR; Cohen, IA; Hyneck, ML; Lockwood, GF; Sakmar, E; Shukla, UA; Wagner, JG; Wells, JJ, )		0.61
" The area under the plasma level curve as a measure for bioavailability was significantly increased in the two gastrectomy groups (17% and 23%, resp."( [Bioavailability of cimetidine after partial gastrectomy (author's transl)].
Gugler, R; Kliems, G; Somogyi, A; Wolf, H, 1980)		0.58
" To study the bioavailability of cimetidine, it was necessary to develop a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for quantitating the drug in body fluids."( Bioanalysis of cimetidine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Bartlett, JM; Segelman, AB, 1983)		0.9
"The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine were studied following single oral and intravenous doses in subjects with severely impaired renal function (SIRF) and normal renal function (NRF)."( Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.
Bockbrader, HN; Dancik, J; Guay, DR; Matzke, GR, )		0.64
" Measurement of the plasma concentration of unchanged omeprazole revealed an intraduodenal bioavailability of approximately 70% whereas the oral bioavailability was only approximately 15%."( Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by omeprazole in the dog and rat.
Carlsson, E; Junggren, U; Larsson, H; Olbe, L; Sjöstrand, SE; Skånberg, I; Sundell, G, 1983)		0.27
"1 The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine were studied after 200 mg oral and intravenous doses in 14 patients with liver cirrhosis, and results were compared to a control group of 12 ulcer patients."( Altered disposition and availability of cimetidine in liver cirrhotic patients.
Gugler, R; Müller-Liebenau, B; Somogyi, A, 1982)		0.79
" The bioavailability of cimetidine calculated by deconvolution agrees with previous findings."( Pharmacokinetic analysis by linear system approach I: cimetidine bioavailability and second peak phenomenon.
Veng Pedersen, P, 1981)		0.82
" The bioavailability of cimetidine measured as the ratio between the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) after oral and intravenous administration was 76%."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine after single doses and during continuous treatment.
Bodemar, G; Norlander, B; Walan, A, )		0.76
" It is shown for linear systems that if the absorption response and the response from an intravenous infusion or bolus administration are both well approximated by a polyexponential function, then the rate of absorption can be expressed as a sum of exponentials."( An algorithm and computer program for deconvolution in linear pharmacokinetics.
Veng-Pedersen, P, 1980)		0.26
" 4 Pharmacokinetic studies showed the mean elimination half-life of cimetidine to be 100 +/- 25 min, the total body cimetidine clearance 652 +/- 223 ml/min, the mean volume of distribution at steady state 65 +/- 181 and the overall bioavailability 78%."( Cimetidine-a clinical and pharmacokinetic study.
Barber, HE; Brunt, PW; Griffiths, R; Hawksworth, GM; Jeffers, TA; Mowat, NA; Petersen, J; Petrie, JC; Webster, J, 1981)		1.94
"01) reduced the bioavailability (area under the plasma level-time curve) of cimetidine, on average by one third."( Impaired cimetidine absorption due to antacids and metoclopramide.
Brand, M; Gugler, R; Somogyi, A, 1981)		0.91
" 4 The oral bioavailability of caffeine was found to be complete in the one subject studied."( Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine.
Broughton, LJ; Rogers, HJ, 1981)		0.52
" 6 The bioavailability of tetracycline from tablets and suspension was found to be similar (31."( Effect of cimetidine on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline.
Bradbrook, ID; Fisher, P; House, F; Inns, P; Morrison, PJ; Rogers, HJ, 1980)		0.66
"The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine after 200 mg given intravenously and orally was studied in 6 gastric and 6 duodenal ulcer patients aged between 28 and 64 years."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients.
Gugler, R; Rohner, HG; Somogyi, A, )		0.66
" The special problems associated with the evaluation of bioavailability in the presence of reabsorption are discussed."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in humans.
Miller, R; Pedersen, PV, 1980)		0.53
" Antibiotic bioavailability was measured by area under the plasma level-time curve, peak plasma level and urinary elimination."( Effect of cimetidine on absorption of oral tetracycline in mice.
Garty, M; Hurwitz, A, 1980)		0.66
" Antibiotic bioavailability as measured by area under the serum level-time curve, peak serum level, and urinary elimination was not affected by cimetidine or sodium bicarbonate."( Effect of cimetidine and antacids on gastrointestinal absorption of tetracycline.
Garty, M; Hurwitz, A, 1980)		0.86
" The bioavailability of cimetidine was unchanged (84 +/- 4% and 97 +/- 7%)."( Cimetidine clearance and bioavailability in hepatic cirrhosis.
Andreasen, PB; Døssing, M; Larsen, NE; Poulsen, HE; Sonne, J, 1981)		2.01
" In the present work, absorption of cimetidine after a single dose in the fasted state was studied as a function of gastric pH in male beagle dogs to determine whether gastric pH plays a role in the double peak phenomenon and/or can account for the decrease in bioavailability when antacids are coadministered."( Gastric pH influences the appearance of double peaks in the plasma concentration-time profiles of cimetidine after oral administration in dogs.
Amidon, GL; Dressman, JB; Mummaneni, V, 1995)		0.78
"Etoposide demonstrates incomplete and variable bioavailability after oral dosing, which may be due to its concentration and pH-dependent stability in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids."( Pharmacological attempts to improve the bioavailability of oral etoposide.
Clark, PI; Craft, H; Heap, L; Joel, SP; Robbins, S; Slevin, ML; Webster, L, 1995)		0.29
"A biopharmaceutics drug classification scheme for correlating in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability is proposed based on recognizing that drug dissolution and gastrointestinal permeability are the fundamental parameters controlling rate and extent of drug absorption."( A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability.
Amidon, GL; Crison, JR; Lennernäs, H; Shah, VP, 1995)		0.29
"The effects of cimetidine, bicarbonate and glucose on the bioavailability of the two brands of praziquantel (CAS 55268-74-1) available in Egypt were studied in normal healthy volunteers."( Effect of cimetidine, bicarbonate and glucose on the bioavailability of different formulations of praziquantel.
Bennett, JL; Botros, S; Ebeid, F; Metwally, A, 1995)		1.05
" Second, the effect of magnesium/aluminium hydroxide on the relative bioavailability of nizatidine, famotidine, cimetidine and ranitidine was evaluated in healthy volunteers."( Drug interactions of H2-receptor antagonists.
Bachmann, KA; Jauregui, L; Levine, L; Miller, K; Reese, J; Sullivan, TJ, 1994)		0.5
"The influence of concomitant antacid administration on the relative bioavailability of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine, was investigated in a panel of 21 healthy, adult male volunteers in an eight-way crossover trial."( Short report: a comparative study of the interaction between antacid and H2-receptor antagonists.
Bachmann, KA; Jauregui, L; Levine, L; Miller, K; Reese, JH; Sullivan, TJ, 1994)		0.5
" Comparison of the parenteral and enteral potencies indicated that FRG-8813 has a lower bioavailability than famotidine and cimetidine in rats and dogs."( Gastric antisecretory effect of FRG-8813, a new histamine H2 receptor antagonist, in rats and dogs.
Chida, Y; Inaba, N; Ohnishi, H; Onodera, S; Shibata, M; Yamaura, T, 1993)		0.49
" Since the rate of absorption is also strongly influenced by the rapidity of gastric emptying, we have compared the relative importance of gastric acidity and gastric emptying in overall F absorption."( Influence of gastric acidity on fluoride absorption in rats.
Messer, HH; Ophaug, RH, 1993)		0.29
" These effects are of minor clinical importance and seem most likely be due to a decrease of the rate of absorption of ritanserin during concurrent administration of cimetidine/ranitidine."( Effect of concomitantly administered cimetidine or ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ritanserin.
Benn, HP; Buschmann, M; Jähnchen, E; Seiler, KU; Szathmary, S; Trenk, D, 1993)		0.75
" Mean tacrine oral clearance was reduced by 30%; however, mean absorption rate and elimination half-life values were not affected by cimetidine."( Inhibition of tacrine oral clearance by cimetidine.
deVries, TM; Forgue, ST; Reece, PA; Sedman, AJ, 1996)		0.77
"The aim of the study was to investigate whether mannitol at amounts relevant to pharmaceutical formulations would alter the oral bioavailability of cimetidine, a drug primarily absorbed from the small bowel."( The effect of mannitol on the oral bioavailability of cimetidine.
Adkin, DA; Davis, SS; Huckle, PD; Sparrow, RA; Wilding, IR, 1995)		0.74
" This open, randomized, crossover study was conducted to examine the effects of aspirin, the antacid Maalox (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Cologne, Germany), and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a single oral dose of meloxicam 30 mg in healthy male volunteers."( Interaction of meloxicam with cimetidine, Maalox, or aspirin.
Busch, U; Heinzel, G; Narjes, H; Nehmiz, G, 1996)		0.78
" The model was also used to simulate bioavailability and plasma concentrations versus time profiles for various parameter values."( Applications and simulations of a discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model.
Boudinot, FD; Witcher, JW, 1996)		0.29
" Simulations demonstrate the effects of various absorption parameters and gastroin-testinal tract transit parameters on bioavailability and plasma concentration profiles."( Applications and simulations of a discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model.
Boudinot, FD; Witcher, JW, 1996)		0.29
"This discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model can be a useful tool in characterizing absorption phases, disposition, and bioavailability of drugs exhibiting two absorption peaks following oral administration."( Applications and simulations of a discontinuous oral absorption pharmacokinetic model.
Boudinot, FD; Witcher, JW, 1996)		0.29
" The pharmacokinetic parameters maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum plasma concentration, absorption half-life, and absorption rate constant did not differ between groups, suggesting that the formation of albendazole sulfoxide was not altered by the administration of dexamethasone, combined or not with cimetidine."( Therapy for neurocysticercosis: pharmacokinetic interaction of albendazole sulfoxide with dexamethasone.
Bonato, PS; Lanchote, VL; Marques, MP; Takayanagui, OM, 1997)		0.47
" The median (range) extent of intragastric bioavailability was 14."( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intragastric cimetidine in horses. I. Effects of intravenous cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of intravenous phenylbutazone.
Ashcraft, SM; Dyke, TM; Gerken, DF; Reed, SM; Sams, RA, 1997)		0.55
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)		0.31
"The low bioavailability of albendazole affects the therapeutic response in patients with echinococcosis."( Effect of dose increase or cimetidine co-administration on albendazole bioavailability.
Butter, JJ; Kager, PA; Koopmans, RP; Nagy, J; Schipper, HG; Van Boxtel, CJ, )		0.43
"The role of gastrointestinal motility and pH in determining cimetidine bioavailability as well as double peaks in plasma profiles following oral administration, in the quiescent or active phase of antral motility, to humans in the fasted state was examined."( Variability in cimetidine absorption and plasma double peaks following oral administration in the fasted state in humans: correlation with antral gastric motility.
Amidon, GL; Barnett, JL; Hayashi, Y; Lesko, LJ; Ramachandran, C; Shah, VP; Takamatsu, N; Welage, LS; Yamamoto, R, 2002)		0.91
" One limitation to its use is the necessity of co-injecting cimetidine to increase its bioavailability and hence its sensitivity for PET detection."( Use of 5-[(76)Br]bromo-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine as a ligand for tumour proliferation: validation in an animal tumour model.
Bergström, M; Borbath, I; Grégoire, V; Långström, B; Laryea, D; Pauwels, S, 2002)		0.56
" Apparent volume of distribution normalized by the bioavailability (Vd/F) of diltiazem increased significantly in rabbits pretreated with cimetidine increased."( The influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite in rabbits.
Burm, JP; Choi, JS, 2004)		0.87
"This study suggests that verapamil increases fexofenadine exposure probably because of an increase in bioavailability through P-glycoprotein inhibition and that probenecid slightly increases the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of fexofenadine as a result of a pronounced reduction in renal clearance."( Different effects of three transporting inhibitors, verapamil, cimetidine, and probenecid, on fexofenadine pharmacokinetics.
Sugawara, K; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		0.57
"Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (PGP) are important determinants of the oral bioavailability and clearance of tacrolimus."( Impact of gastric acid suppressants on cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein: consequences for FK506 assimilation.
Lemahieu, WP; Maes, BD; Vanrenterghem, Y; Verbeke, K, 2005)		0.33
"5% w/v pectin gels formed in situ in rabbit stomach was sustained over a period of 12 hours giving a theophylline bioavailability some seven fold higher than when administered from a commercial syrup."( Oral sustained delivery of theophylline and cimetidine from in situ gelling pectin formulations in rabbits.
Attwood, D; Itoh, K; Kubo, W; Miyazaki, S, 2005)		0.59
" The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC(12)) and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC(infinity)), peak plasma concentration (C(max)), absolute bioavailability (F) and mean residence time (MRT) were evaluated and statistically compared among formulations."( Feasibility of biowaiver extension to biopharmaceutics classification system class III drug products: cimetidine.
Amidon, GL; Dressman, JB; Jantratid, E; Prakongpan, S, 2006)		0.55
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)		0.34
"Naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II drug whose bioavailability is rate-limited by its dissolution."( Enhanced dissolution rate and synchronized release of drugs in binary systems through formulation: Amorphous naproxen-cimetidine mixtures prepared by mechanical activation.
Aaltonen, J; Allesø, M; Chieng, N; Rades, T; Rantanen, J; Rehder, S, 2009)		0.56
" A mean absolute bioavailability of 75% was calculated following a single oral administration of 5 mg cimetidine/kg body weight."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in dogs after oral administration of cimetidine tablets.
Burgaud, S; Horspool, LJ; Le Traon, G, 2009)		0.89
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
" The compound was well absorbed and exhibited approximately linear pharmacokinetics in the oral dose range of 100 to 1000 mg in human."( Preclinical and clinical evidence for the collaborative transport and renal secretion of an oxazolidinone antibiotic by organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3/SLC22A8) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1).
Adams, WJ; Balogh, LM; Brayman, TG; Cox, SR; Kumar, V; Lai, Y; Sampson, KE; Stevens, JC, 2010)		0.36
"The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) guidance issued by the FDA allows waivers for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for immediate-release (IR) solid oral dosage forms only for BCS class I drugs."( The biowaiver extension for BCS class III drugs: the effect of dissolution rate on the bioequivalence of BCS class III immediate-release drugs predicted by computer simulation.
Amidon, GL; Tsume, Y, 2010)		0.36
" Protective effect of ginger extract (GE) against ulcer is well documented, but therapeutic use is compromised due to poor bioavailability and physicochemical properties."( Development and evaluation of a gastro-retentive delivery system for improved antiulcer activity of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale).
Kumar Singh, P; Pal Kaur, I, 2011)		0.37
"The bioavailability parameters were found as: Cmax 1508."( Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.
Ahmad, M; Hussain, I; Karim, S; Khan, SA; Kousar, R; Murtaza, G, )		0.36
"For prolonged drug release in the stomach, developed floating microparticles of cimetidine (FMC3) may be used, thereby improving the bioavailability and patient compliance."( Pharmacokinetic study of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose microparticles loaded with cimetidine.
Ahmad, M; Hussain, I; Karim, S; Khan, SA; Kousar, R; Murtaza, G, )		0.58
" The absorption rate coefficients of all the assayed compounds did not show statistically significant differences between male and female rats consequently all the individual values were combined to compare between reabsorption methods."( Validation of phenol red versus gravimetric method for water reabsorption correction and study of gender differences in Doluisio's absorption technique.
Bermejo, M; Gonzalez-Alvarez, I; Gonzalez-Alvarez, M; Tuğcu-Demiröz, F, 2014)		0.4
"A reliable prediction of the oral bioavailability in humans is crucial and of high interest for pharmaceutical and food industry."( A new approach to predict human intestinal absorption using porcine intestinal tissue and biorelevant matrices.
Grossouw, D; Krul, CA; van de Steeg, E; Verwei, M; Westerhout, J; Wortelboer, HM; Zeijdner, EE, 2014)		0.4
" The first finding is that the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CsA), which is an immunosuppressant, was decreased by increased first-pass metabolism due to elevated CYP3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) specifically in the upper small intestine after liver I/R."( [Molecular Biological Analysis of Factors Influencing Pharmacokinetics to Achieve Personalized Pharmacotherapy].
Ikemura, K, 2015)		0.42
", ip) indicate that the liver is the primary site of biotransformation of the compound, suggesting that both 22a and its metabolite(s) are active, compensating probably low bioavailability of the parent molecule."( Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents.
Bednarski, M; Gunia-Krzyżak, A; Marona, H; Nitek, W; Pękala, E; Powroźnik, B; Słoczyńska, K; Walczak, M; Waszkielewicz, AM; Żesławska, E, 2016)		0.43
"The aim of this study was (1) to determine how closely physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can predict oral bioavailability using a priori knowledge of drug-specific properties and (2) to examine the influence of the biopharmaceutics classification system class on the simulation success."( Forecasting oral absorption across biopharmaceutics classification system classes with physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.
Aarons, L; Darwich, A; Dressman, J; Hansmann, S; Margolskee, A, 2016)		0.43
" The apparent permeability coefficients of PBDEs indicated that tri- to hepta-BDEs were poorly absorbed compounds."( The transepithelial transport mechanism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human intestine determined using a Caco-2 cell monolayer.
An, J; Lei, B; Wang, M; Yang, D; Yu, Y; Zhang, K; Zhang, X; Zhong, Y, 2017)		0.46
" The purpose of this study was to determine if administration of oral tramadol with suspected metabolism inhibitors (ketoconazole, cimetidine) would lead to improved bioavailability of tramadol and M1."( The effects of ketoconazole and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in greyhound dogs.
Black, J; KuKanich, B; KuKanich, K, 2017)		0.94
"Docetaxel (DTX) was effective in the treatment of neoplasm but could only be administered intravenously with the poor oral bioavailability owing to its undesirable solubility, remarkably metabolic conversion, and other factors."( Preparation of Deoxycholate-Modified Docetaxel-Cimetidine Complex Chitosan Nanoparticles to Improve Oral Bioavailability.
Fang, T; Shen, Q; Sun, L; Xu, Y; Yang, Y, 2019)		0.77
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

Cimetidine was used at a dosage of one gram per day and treatment continued over a period of 4 weeks. This DRF at the low dosage of cimetidine used in this study compared with known radioprotectors is very promising.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" When the H2-receptor antagonists burimamide, metiamide and cimetidine were labelled with 35S, 14C or 3H and dosed to rats, whole body autoradiography showed that the stomach was predominantly labelled in the glandular mucosa from 5 to 120 min after administration."( Localization of histamine and histamine H2-receptor antagonists in the gastric mucosa.
Cross, SA, 1977)		0.5
"For the definition of histamine receptors the following prerequisites must be fulfilled: (1) Course of dose-response curves according to the mass-action law; (2) parallel displacement of these curves to the right in the presence of antagonists; (3) inhibition only by specific histamine antagonists; (4) slope of a Schild-plot not significantly different from unity."( [Histamine and its role in peptic gastric diseases: the discovery of histamine-H2-receptor antagonists].
Barth, H; Lorenz, W, 1978)		0.26
" Dose-response curves to impromidine were displaced to the right in the presence of cimetidine."( Cardiovascular studies with impromidine (SK&F 92676), a new very potent and specific histamine H2-receptor agonist.
Gristwood, RW; Harvey, CA; Owen, DA, 1979)		0.48
" Each amine was given in 45-min incremental step doses to constitute full dose-response curves."( Evidence for a histamine H2 receptor that inhibits pepsin secretion in the dog.
Hirschowitz, BI; Hutchison, GA, 1977)		0.26
" When cimetidine is to be used for recurrent ulceration probably the dosage and duration of treatment should be increased."( Cimetidine for recurrent ulcer after vagotomy or gastrectomy: a randomised controlled trial.
Kennedy, T; Spencer, A, 1978)		2.18
" Cimetidine was safe in the dosage and duration used, no symptomatic, haematological, or biochemical abnormalities occurring during the trial."( Controlled trial of maintenance cimetidine treatment in healed duodenal ulcer: short and long-term effects.
Batchelor, AJ; Dronfield, MW; Langman, MJ; Larkworthy, W, 1979)		1.45
" Group III (n = 4) dogs were not operated upon and received all drugs in full dosage in order to test any direct toxic effect on normal kidneys."( Cimetidine for kidney transplantation: experimental observations.
Toledo-Pereyra, LH; Zammit, M, 1979)		1.7
" According to American studies, antacid therapy in the above-mentioned dosage may achieve a similar healing rate in duodenal ulcer patients in acute attack."( [Cimetidine versus antacids].
Halter, F, 1979)		1.17
" Intragastric administration of PB, CM or TP produced dose-dependent inhibition of gastric ulceration with parallel dose-response curves."( Synergistic actions of propantheline bromide with cimetidine and thiopropazate hydrochloride in the prevention of stress ulcer formation in rats.
Bianchi, RG; Calhoun, DW; Dajani, EZ, 1979)		0.51
" Cimetidine was used at a dosage of one gram per day and treatment continued over a period of 4 weeks."( A double-blind study of cimetidine in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer in Greece.
Kalogerakou-Ioannidi, E; Manousos, ON; Nicolaou, A; Scandalis, N; Zografos, A, 1978)		1.48
" Due to a short elimination half-life and wide therapeutic index, dosage adjustments are not necessary in patients exhibiting moderate renal dysfunction."( Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor AF: effects of age, antacids and H2-receptor antagonists.
Cerimele, BJ; Coleman, DL; DeSante, KA; Hatcher, BL; Kisicki, J; Satterwhite, JH, 1992)		0.28
" From this series, compound 17c (SK&F 96067) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion after oral dosing in the Heidenhain pouch dog and was selected for further development and evaluation in man."( Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 3. 3-substituted-4-(phenylamino)quinolines.
Brown, TH; Ife, RJ; Keeling, DJ; Leach, CA; Meeson, ML; Parsons, ME; Reavill, DR; Theobald, CJ; Wiggall, KJ, 1992)		0.28
" The results were opposite to other studies, probably because the dose and dosing intervals were different."( Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (II): Aminophylline-huan shao tan and aminophylline-pu chung yi chi tang.
Chen, SM; Hou, SJ; Lin, SY; Perng, RI; Young, TK, 1992)		0.28
"5% of the 27 patients were treated with a maintenance dosage of H2 blockers and 29."( Peptic ulcer in cirrhotic patients: a short- and long-term study with antisecretory drugs.
Battaglia, G; Burra, P; Di Mario, F; Dotto, P; Germanà, B; Gottardello, L; Grassi, SA; Leandro, G; Salvagnini, M; Vianello, F, )		0.13
"6 and 10 mg/kg), resulting in a parallel, rightward shift in the MOR dose-response curve."( Modulation of morphine antinociception by antagonism of H2 receptors in the periaqueductal gray.
Hough, LB; Nalwalk, JW, 1992)		0.28
" There was no significant difference of integrated 6-h plasma ethanol concentration, peak ethanol concentration, or time to reach peak ethanol concentration after dosing with either ranitidine, cimetidine or famotidine or placebo."( Ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine have no effect on post-prandial absorption of ethanol 0.8 g/kg taken after an evening meal.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Rosalki, SB; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, M, 1992)		0.85
" Chronic oral dosing significantly lowered both the systemic and oral clearance of diltiazem, with no changes in either the volume of distribution or blood binding of diltiazem."( The effects of chronic oral diltiazem and cimetidine dosing on the pharmacokinetics and negative dromotropic action of intravenous and oral diltiazem in the dog.
Bai, SA; Lankford, S; Maskasame, C, 1992)		0.55
" dosing of this selective compound is necessary for achieving adequate results."( Famotidine in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Wesdorp, IC, 1992)		0.28
" Patients were dosed to steady-state with an oral, sustained-release formulation of theophylline given in therapeutic doses twice daily for 2 weeks."( Comparative investigation of the influence of nizatidine, ranitidine, and cimetidine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline in COPD patients.
Bachmann, K; Jauregui, L; Levine, L; Martin, M; Mauro, LS; Sullivan, TJ, 1992)		0.51
"In a 48-week study of 319 duodenal ulcer patients, symptomatic self-care with an histamine H2-receptor antagonist (flexible self-chosen dosing with cimetidine 0, 400 or 800 mg/day) was compared with maintenance treatment (cimetidine 400 mg nocte)."( The long-term management of duodenal ulceration using an H2-antagonist: symptomatic self-care compared with maintenance treatment.
Festen, H; Korman, M; Pounder, RE, 1992)		0.48
" However, many authors report that an H2RA resistant ulcer can be cured by increasing the dosage of H2RA, or using another H2RA."( Does H2 receptor antagonist-resistant ulcer exist?--A review based on bioavailability in man.
Kawai, K, 1992)		0.28
" While very safe, clinicians need to know correct dosing guidelines, drug interactions, and side effect profiles."( The clinical use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists.
Michocki, RJ; Richardson, JP, 1992)		0.28
" A statistically significant rise in nocturnal acidity was observed after all regimens, except after dosing with famotidine."( Rebound intragastric hyperacidity after abrupt withdrawal of histamine H2 receptor blockade.
Nwokolo, CU; Pounder, RE; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, JT, 1991)		0.28
" At each dosage level, semilogarithmic plots of concentration vs."( Elimination of the antiviral drug 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine by the isolated perfused rat liver.
Joly, JM; Williams, WM, )		0.13
" Histamine increased in a dose-dependent manner cellular cAMP content in L cells permanently transfected with this gene, and preincubation of the cells with the H2-selective antagonist cimetidine shifted the dose-response curve to the right."( Molecular cloning of a gene encoding the histamine H2 receptor.
Campbell, V; DelValle, J; Gantz, I; Logsdon, C; Schäffer, M; Uhler, M; Yamada, T, 1991)		0.47
" Six dogs were given cimetidine at dosage of 10 mg/kg orally every 8 hours, and 6 dogs were given omeprazole orally at dosage of 2 mumol/kg (0."( Comparison of effects of cimetidine and omeprazole on mechanically created gastric ulceration and on aspirin-induced gastritis in dogs.
Bright, RM; DeNovo, RC; Jenkins, CC; Patton, CS; Rohrbach, BW, 1991)		0.9
"A new chewable tablet containing cimetidine 200 mg and alginic acid 500 mg, at a dosage of one tablet four times daily, was compared in a 12 week randomised study with the standard dosage of cimetidine (400 mg four times daily) in the management of oesophageal reflux disease."( Combination of cimetidine and alginic acid: an improvement in the treatment of oesophageal reflux disease. Cooperative Oesophageal Group.
, 1991)		0.92
" In a separate group of ten patients whose previous reactions to RCM were life threatening (shock), pretreatment was accompanied by a provocative dosing regimen."( Comparison of three pretreatment protocols to prevent anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast media.
Lieberman, PL; Marshall, GD, 1991)		0.28
" Each group had a control study and a repeat study after 7 days dosing with either placebo or an H2-receptor antagonist (300 mg ranitidine nocte, 800 mg cimetidine nocte, or 40 mg famotidine nocte)."( The effect of ranitidine, cimetidine or famotidine on low-dose post-prandial alcohol absorption.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Prewett, EJ; Rosalki, SB; Sawyerr, AM, 1991)		0.78
" Cimetidine was also tested in these subjects at half the dosage administered to the first group of subjects."( Inhibition of gastric acid secretion reduces zinc absorption in man.
D'Inca, R; D'Odorico, A; Martin, A; Montino, MC; Naccarato, R; Rossetto, L; Sturniolo, GC, 1991)		1.19
" At repeat endoscopy after four weeks of therapy, complete ulcer healing was achieved in 78% of patients on twice daily dosage and 79% of patients on single daily dosage."( Controlled trial of twice a day versus once a day cimetidine therapy for duodenal ulcer.
Aggarwal, R; Goenka, MK; Gupta, BB; Kochhar, R; Mehta, SK, 1990)		0.53
" The aims of the present study were, first, to determine whether low-dose cimetidine treatment was as effective as standard doses in acute duodenal ulcer treatment of patients in Singapore, and second, to compare a single nocturnal dosage regimen with a twice daily regimen."( Low-dose cimetidine in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer. Comparison of a single nocturnal dose regimen with a twice daily regimen.
Guan, R; Kang, JY; Labrooy, SJ; Math, MV; Tay, HH; Wee, A; Yap, I, )		0.78
" Thioperamide did not alter the dose-response curve to exogenous histamine (0."( Histamine H3 receptors modulate antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.
Barnes, PJ; Ichinose, M, 1990)		0.28
"The efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of cimetidine were compared in a single-blind study of 50 adults with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers."( A comparative clinical trial of duodenal ulcer healing with two regimens of cimetidine: 800 mg once nightly and 400 mg twice daily.
Arvanitakis, C; Giannoulis, E; Nikopoulos, A; Theoharidis, A; Tourkantonis, A, )		0.61
"The effects of steady state dosing with omeprazole and cimetidine on plasma diazepam levels have been studied in 12 healthy males."( Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on plasma diazepam levels.
Andersson, T; Andrén, K; Cederberg, C; Edvardsson, G; Heggelund, A; Lundborg, P, 1990)		0.83
"This study was done to determine if the pharmacokinetics and gastric pH response of intravenous cimetidine are superior to oral dosing in seriously ill patients."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous cimetidine in seriously ill patients.
Cutler, RE; Forland, SC; Sandborn, WJ; Strong, RM, 1990)		0.74
" Two separate dose-response tests were also conducted with DPH and HPPH with a MAS modulated by various mixed functional oxidase inhibitors [carbon monoxide (CO) (broad spectrum cytochrome P450), cimetidine (mainly cytochrome P450), and ellipticine (cytochrome P448)] and an epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (cyclohexene oxide)."( Use of Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus and an exogenous metabolic activation system to evaluate the developmental toxicity of diphenylhydantoin.
Bantle, JA; Fort, DJ, 1990)		0.47
" Blood samples for the determination of ciprofloxacin concentrations were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hr after dosing on the first and seventh day of drug administration."( Metabolic interactions of ciprofloxacin.
Csiba, A; Graber, H; Ludwig, E; Székely, E, )		0.13
"Bioavailability of Different Oral Dosage Forms of Cimetidine in Dogs."( [Biological availability of different oral cimetidine preparations in the dog].
Plass, H; Turnheim, K; Viernstein, H, 1990)		0.79
" The steady-state serum concentrations of digoxin and digitoxin can be affected if the changes in absorption are of sufficient magnitude, and adjustments in digoxin or digitoxin dosage may be required."( Current status of cardiac glycoside drug interactions.
Hooymans, PM; Merkus, FW, )		0.13
" A cutaneous vasodilator response was also observed in substance P treated and contralateral ears, but a bell-shaped dose-response relationship was apparent."( Histamine involvement in the local and systemic microvascular effects produced by intradermal substance P.
Ledgard, SE; Owen, DA; Pipkin, MA; Woodward, DF, 1985)		0.27
" The dose-response curve for carbachol was biphasic."( Stimulation of acid formation by histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin in isolated pig parietal cells.
Ljungström, M; Mårdh, S; Norberg, L; Vega, FV, 1986)		0.27
" Dose-response curves to TG showed nonparallel increases in both parameters."( Stimulation of oxyntic and histaminergic cells in gastric mucosa by gastrin C-terminal tetrapeptide.
Michelangeli, F; Ruiz, MC, 1986)		0.27
" This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of enprostil in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer at the dosage of 35 micrograms twice daily."( [Efficacy and tolerability of enprostil in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Comparison with cimetidine].
Andrieu, J; Evreux, M; Frexinos, J; Guerre, J; Joubert, M; Michel, H; Vicari, F, 1989)		0.5
" BWA1433U induced a parallel shift of the adenosine dose-response curve to the right; however, it had no significant inhibitory effect on the decrease in lobar arterial pressure in response to ATP."( Adenosine does not mediate the pulmonary vasodilator response of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the feline pulmonary vascular bed.
Hyman, AL; Kadowitz, PJ; Lippton, H; Neely, CF; Neiman, M, 1989)		0.28
" Intravenous dosing of TA-2711 (10-100 mg/kg) never produced such effects on ethanol-induced lesions and pepsin activity as observed by oral administration."( Effects of 12-sulfodehydroabietic acid monosodium salt (TA-2711), a new anti-ulcer agent, on gastric secretion and experimental ulcers in rats.
Magaribuchi, T; Onoda, Y; Tamaki, H, 1989)		0.28
" The dose-response (D-R) curves for histamine (H) in the HT group shifted leftward and upward as compared with the sham-operated (S) group."( Effect of histamine on isolated working guinea pig heart with left ventricular hypertrophy produced by pressure overload.
Guo, ZG; Luo, WS, 1989)		0.28
" With chronic oral dosing of amlodipine once daily for 14 days, support was provided for the linearity of amlodipine's pharmacokinetics and absence of such with chronic oral dosing with verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine."( The pharmacokinetic profile of amlodipine.
Abernethy, DR, 1989)		0.28
" Both slopes of the dose-response regression line are parallel in effect."( Effect of the radioprotector WR-2721 on operant behavior in the rat.
Lee, JD; Lee, SF; Lin, CH; Liu, WF; Ma, C; Shih, JH, )		0.13
" The two high bioavailability subjects took one tablet (100 mg) with 100 ml of water (1) alone, (2) together with 1 g of sodium bicarbonate or (3) during concurrent dosing with cimetidine, 200 mg three times a day."( The bioavailability of sulpiride taken as a film-coated tablet with sodium bicarbonate, cimetidine, natural orange juice or hydrochloric acid.
Hamaguchi, T; Kobayashi, M; Mizuno, N; Shinkuma, D; Yamanaka, Y, 1989)		0.69
" No changes in DNA synthesis, percentage of labelled nuclei and transaminase were detected when the agents were added to the hepatocytes in culture at concentrations within the effective pharmacological dosage and 30 times higher."( Effect of cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and omeprazole on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro.
Amoruso, A; Barone, M; Di Leo, A; Francavilla, A; Ingrosso, M; Makowka, L; Panella, C; Polimeno, L; Starzl, TE, 1989)		0.68
" A chronic dosing study was conducted in eight healthy subjects who received, in random order, amiloride (5 mg daily), cimetidine (400 mg twice daily), both drugs together, and a control phase in which no drug was present."( Renal tubular secretion of amiloride and its inhibition by cimetidine in humans and in an animal model.
Bochner, F; Hovens, CM; Muirhead, MR; Somogyi, AA, )		0.58
" At a dosage one fifth of Cimetidine (0."( Anti-acid secretion activity of drugs cimetidine, ranitidine, tiotidine D 15,144 in dogs fixed with gastric fistulae.
Jais, AM; Ridzwan, BH; Waton, NG, 1989)		0.85
" Cimetidine dosing intervals were based upon the degree of renal and hepatic dysfunction due to pharmacokinetic considerations."( Safety and acid-suppressant properties of histamine2-receptor antagonists for the prevention of stress-related mucosal damage in critical care patients.
Carter, CA; Schentag, JJ; Welage, LS, 1989)		1.19
" It was found that non-toxic dosage of cimetidine had no significant effect on CFU-s of the normal mouse, but it inhibited CFU-GM growth with a dosage-dependent relationship and the recovery of CFU-s formation from sublethal gamma-ray irradiation."( [Effects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists on hemopoietic reconstruction in bone marrow].
Du, XX; Xu, YH; Zhou, YJ, 1989)		0.55
" Few if any of these studies have attempted to address the rationale for the dosage and/or dosage regimens being studied."( Determining the optimal dosage regimen for H2-receptor antagonist therapy--a dose validation approach.
Braverman, A; Dickson, BD; Frank, WO; Mounce, W; Peace, KP; Young, MD, 1989)		0.28
" Eventual discontinuation of cimetidine therapy led to a return of schizophrenic symptoms, which responded to an increase in chlorpromazine dosage to previous levels."( Adverse interaction between cimetidine and chlorpromazine in two cases of chronic schizophrenia.
Byrne, A; O'Shea, B, 1989)		0.86
" The secretion of pepsin and of mucus was markedly inhibited at every dosage of the compound."( [Potentiation of the gastro-protective effect of sulglicotide in the presence of cimetidine in the rat].
Morini, G, 1989)		0.5
" With increasing doses of histamine, a dose-response relationship was seen in the activity of RAR."( Action of histamine on the rapidly adapting airway receptors in the dog.
Kappagoda, CT; Ravi, K; Teo, KK, 1989)		0.28
"The dose-response and plasma concentration-response relationships of cyclosporine after both inducing and inhibiting its metabolism were studied in a mouse heart transplant model."( In vivo evaluation of the effects of altered cyclosporine metabolism on its immunosuppressive potency.
Babany, G; Babany, I; Kates, RE; Morris, RE; Shepherd, S, 1989)		0.28
" At 12 weeks, the risk of overlooking a difference in favor of one of the two dosage regimens was less than 20 percent."( Two daily doses of sucralfate or cimetidine in the healing of gastric ulcer. A comparative randomized study.
Beck, H; Hjortrup, A; Hoffmann, J; Schroeder, M; Svendsen, LB, 1989)		0.56
" Immediately after operation (or the decision not to operate) 181 patients were subdivided at random to treatment with a placebo or cimetidine in a dosage of 400 mg twice daily for two years or until death."( [Cimetidine treatment of stomach cancer].
Bülow, S; Damm, P; Fischerman, K; Hesselfeldt, P; Hjortrup, A; Knigge, UP; Pedersen, IK; Pedersen, VM; Siemssen, OJ; Tønnesen, H, 1989)		1.39
" This endotoxin dosage resulted in 50% mortality in rats."( Disposition kinetics of cimetidine and ranitidine in endotoxin pretreated rats.
al-Khamis, KI; Kaka, JS; Tanira, MO, 1989)		0.58
"In a pilot study, 26 rheumatoid arthritic patients taking continuous, stable dosage regimens of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and with developed gastric and duodenal lesions were administered sucralfate 1 g four times per day (14 patients) or cimetidine 400 mg twice daily (12 patients) in a single-blind regimen for six weeks."( Effect of sucralfate and cimetidine on rheumatoid patients with active gastroduodenal lesions who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A pilot study.
Cox, N; Fine, D; Hillier, K; Jewell, R; Shepherd, HA, 1989)		0.76
"We have studied the mechanisms of the increased dosage requirements of the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine in paediatric burned patients in a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study."( Alteration by burn injury of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine in children.
Greenblatt, DJ; Hagen, J; Hoaglin, DC; Martyn, JA, 1989)		0.72
"The effects of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride and cimetidine during multiple dosing on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in nine healthy volunteers, five smokers and four non-smokers, in comparison with placebo treatment."( Effects of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy subjects.
Aoi, R; Ishioka, T; Ogata, H; Takeuchi, H; Yoshimura, N, 1989)		0.78
" An increase in malondialdehyde level was observed after ethanol exposure, whereas suppression of lipid peroxidation occurred after dosing with indomethacin."( Lipid peroxidation in normal and ulcerated gastric mucosa of rats treated with pentacaine and cimetidine.
Nosál, R; Nosálová, V; Petríková, M, 1989)		0.5
" The effect of SK&F 104353 was also examined in combination with a pyrilamine-cimetidine dosing regimen sufficient to remove the histaminergic component of cutaneous immediate hypersensitivity."( Interactive effects of peptidoleukotrienes and histamine on microvascular permeability and their involvement in experimental cutaneous and conjunctival immediate hypersensitivity.
Gary, RK; Gleason, JG; Nieves, AL; Wasserman, MA; Williams, LS; Woodward, DF, 1989)		0.51
" Rates of adverse reactions also did not differ by dosage or trial duration."( Cimetidine and adverse reactions: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of short-term therapy.
Colditz, GA; Delea, TE; Huse, DM; Oster, G; Richter, JM, 1989)		1.72
" Flurbiprofen showed a linear dose-response relationship with respect to gastric injury and serum drug levels."( The effects of flurbiprofen, aspirin, cimetidine, and antacids on the gastric and duodenal mucosa of normal volunteers. An endoscopic and photographic study.
Friedman, H; Lanza, FL; Royer, GL; Schwartz, JH; Seckman, CE; Stubbs, CM, 1989)		0.55
" The dose-response curve for histamine in each culture was progressively displaced to the right with increasing concentrations of the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine."( Demonstration of histamine H2 receptors on human melanoma cells.
Evanson, JM; Hart, IR; Taylor, DJ; Whitehead, RJ; Woolley, DE, 1988)		0.47
" According to the two dosing schedules adopted to evaluate the duration of action, mifentidine, compared to cimetidine and ranitidine, required considerably lower oral dosages to display its protective effect."( Cimetidine, ranitidine and mifentidine in specific gastric and duodenal ulcer models.
Cereda, E; Del Soldato, P; Donetti, A; Ghiorzi, A, 1985)		1.92
" beta-Adrenoceptor antagonists produced a bell-shaped dose-response curve on histamine contractions in cat isolated lung parenchyma strip."( The response of cat airways to histamine in vivo and in vitro.
Blaber, LC; Fryer, AD, 1985)		0.27
" Pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion remained decreased (50% of control) 12 hr after oral dosing with 20 mg famotidine."( Famotidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist. Effect on parietal, nonparietal, and pepsin secretion in man.
Chremos, AN; Gamal, MA; Graham, DY; Smith, JL, 1985)		0.27
" Omeprazole, in contrast, did not alter gastric emptying at a similar antisecretory dosage level."( Effects of H2-receptor antagonists upon physiological acid secretory states in animals.
Cook, PG; Mangel, AW; Pendleton, RG; Shepherd-Rose, A, 1985)		0.27
" For all substances a dose-response curve concerning the change of vessel diameters was obtained."( The microvasculature of the small-intestinal mucosa of the rat: quantification of hemodynamic effects of topically applied cimetidine, ranitidine, somatostatin, and vasopressin.
Anliker, M; Frick, P; Knoblauch, M; Métry, JM; Neff, M, 1985)		0.48
" It is suggested that the combined treatment cimetidine-alprazolam requires a reduced daily dosage (one third) of alprazolam or increased dosage intervals (b."( Pharmacokinetic consequences of long term coadministration of cimetidine and triazolobenzodiazepines, alprazolam and triazolam, in healthy subjects.
Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Hulhoven, R; Pourbaix, S; Smith, RB, 1985)		0.77
" In the second set of experiments, equiactive doses (that is the respective ED50s calculated from the previously established dose-response curves) of all the compounds were infused during dimaprit-induced acid hypersecretion, in order to evaluate their duration of action."( Effect of the new H2-receptor antagonist mifentidine on gastric acid secretion in the cat: comparison with cimetidine and ranitidine.
Bertaccini, G; Scarpignato, C; Tangwa, M; Tramacere, R, 1985)		0.48
"Theobromine metabolism and clearance were investigated at steady-state under chronic oral dosing conditions in eight healthy volunteers, four of whom were cigarette smokers."( Influence of cimetidine, sulfinpyrazone, and cigarette smoking on theobromine metabolism in man.
Attwood, J; Birkett, DJ; Miners, JO; Wing, LM, )		0.5
" the respective ED50s calculated from the previously established dose-response curves) of all the three antagonists was completely different."( The effect of the new H2-receptor antagonist mifentidine on gastric secretion, gastric emptying and experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers in the rat: comparison with cimetidine and ranitidine.
Del Soldato, P; Scarpignato, C; Tangwa, M; Tramacere, R, 1986)		0.47
" The maximum pepsin output obtained from a set of complete dose-response curves of dimaprit was not statistically different from basal values."( Comparison of the effects of structurally different H2-antagonists on acid and pepsin activity stimulated by dimaprit in conscious cats.
Barocelli, E; Chiavarini, M; Impicciatore, M; Molina, E; Morini, G; Plazzi, PV, 1985)		0.27
" The ganglion blocking activity of cimetidine was much weaker than that of hexamethonium; the ED50 ratio (cimetidine:hexamethonium) calculated from the cumulative log dose-response curves for the two drugs was 64."( Ganglion blocking activity of cimetidine in the anaesthetized cat.
Cheah, LS; Gwee, MC; Lee, HS, )		0.7
" A dose-response relationship for cimetidine and ranitidine was developed, confirming the greater potency of cimetidine."( Effect of H2-receptor antagonists on steady-state extraction of indocyanine green and lidocaine by the perfused rat liver.
Heath, CA; Johnson, RF; Roberts, RK; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1986)		0.55
" The dose-response curve for stimulation by histamine of adenylate cyclase was shifted to the right in a dose-dependent manner by increasing concentrations of several H2-antagonists."( A study of the H2-receptor for histamine stimulating adenylate cyclase in homogenates of guinea-pig lung parenchyma.
Foreman, JC; Norris, DB; Rising, TJ; Webber, SE, 1986)		0.27
" The other five patients, who were free of complication, initially received a standard regimen of omeprazole 60 mg orally once a day; dosage was subsequently adjusted until the basal acid output, measured 1 hr before the next dose of the drug, was less than 10 mmol/hr."( Effectiveness of omeprazole in seven patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome resistant to histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Bader, JP; Cortot, A; Delchier, JC; Goldfain, D; Isal, JP; Mignon, M; Soule, JC; Travers, B, 1986)		0.27
" ORF 17910 retains 43 and 37% of its antisecretory potency 16 hr after dosing in dogs and rats, respectively, suggesting a long duration of action, whereas ranitidine is either inactive (rats) or loses 97% of its potency (dogs) at this time."( Pharmacological comparison of ORF 17910, a potent, long-acting histamine H2-receptor antagonist, to cimetidine and ranitidine.
Katz, LB; Scott, CK; Shriver, DA, 1986)		0.49
" Also, no difference in efficacy of either drug was observed and changes in dosing of digoxin were not required."( Drug interaction studies and encainide use in renal and hepatic impairment.
Gallo, DG; Quart, BD; Sami, MH; Wood, AJ, 1986)		0.27
" Gastric acid hypersecretion was controlled in seven patients with less frequent dosing with famotidine than with cimetidine or ranitidine."( Famotidine in the therapy of gastric hypersecretory states.
Gardner, JD; Howard, JM; Jensen, RT; Maton, PN; Slaff, JI; Vinayek, R; Wank, SA, 1986)		0.48
" At UC Davis, we compared constant infusion with intermittent dosing (300 mg of cimetidine every six hours) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with upper gastrointestinal bleeding."( A dosage alternative for H2-receptor antagonists--constant infusion.
Siepler, JK, 1986)		0.5
" When steady state was reached (nine days), cimetidine was begun concomitantly in a dosage of 300 mg QID or 800 mg HS for ten days."( Safety: cimetidine and concomitant theophylline or warfarin--drug interactions and their implications.
Frank, WO, 1986)		0.97
" Intravenous infusion of CM 57755 induced a parallel shift to the right of the dimaprit dose-response curve."( Inhibition of dimaprit- and pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion in cats by the new histamine H2 antagonist, CM 57755.
Bianchetti, A; Lavezzo, A; Manara, L; Manzoni, L, 1986)		0.27
" However, when the preparations were precontracted with histamine (10(-5)M), dose-response curves for relaxation were shifted to the right, and low-concentrations of all three histamine H2-antagonists augmented histamine-induced tone."( Direct effects of H2-receptor antagonists on airway smooth muscle and on responses mediated by H1- and H2-receptors.
Hashimoto, Y; Iwatsuki, N; Koga, Y, 1987)		0.27
" The dosage was increased to 975 mg every 6 hours, and he has had no further hypotensive episodes on this regime for 2 years."( Systemic mastocytosis: management of an unusual case with histamine (H1 and H2) antagonists and cyclooxygenase inhibition.
Crawhall, JC; Wilkinson, RD, 1987)		0.27
" The current trend in therapy is toward less frequent dosing patterns with more attention toward controlling nocturnal acid secretion."( H2-receptor antagonists: development and application.
Feldman, S, )		0.13
" These results suggest that within the normal therapeutic dosage ranges for both drugs, it is unlikely that a clinically significant interaction between them will occur."( Lack of interaction between cimetidine and buspirone.
Faulkner, HC; Gammans, RE; Goodson, PJ; Pfeffer, M; Rehm, KD; Westrick, ML, 1987)		0.57
" Cimetidine produced a parallel displacement of the histamine dose-response curve, suggesting competitive inhibition between this classical H2 receptor antagonist and histamine in the two experimental groups."( Up- and down-regulation of membrane receptors as possible mechanisms related to the antiulcer actions of milk in rat gastric mucosa.
Chastre, E; Emami, S; Gespach, C; Launay, JM; Rosselin, G, 1987)		1.18
" Dose-response curves to dimaprit in stimulating gastric secretion were displaced to the right in a dose-related fashion by both drugs."( Kinetic analysis of the interaction of mifentidine with gastric H2-receptors in the conscious dog.
Giachetti, A; Pagani, F; Zecca, M, 1987)		0.27
" Practical means of avoiding this risk consists in limiting such drug combinations, reducing benzodiazepine dosage and, if a combined treatment is necessary, using by preference either benzodiazepines degraded by conjugation instead of oxidation, or macrolides, or anti-H2 compounds with reduced inhibitory effect on microsomes."( [Psychotic disorders linked to the inhibition of benzodiazepine catabolism].
Begaud, B; Hugues, FC; Jouglard, J; Le Jeunne, C; Moulin, M, )		0.13
" Therefore, the same dosage schedule as in uraemia may be applied in patients with dialysis."( Pharmacokinetics of histamine (H2)-receptor antagonists, including roxatidine, in chronic renal failure.
Brockmeier, D; Lameire, N; Rosenkranz, B, 1988)		0.27
" In contrast, the steady-state midazolam concentration after ranitidine dosing (61."( Effect of single doses of cimetidine and ranitidine on the steady-state plasma levels of midazolam.
Arvela, P; Klotz, U; Rosenkranz, B, 1985)		0.57
" Animals were then treated with the four agents in carefully defined dosage regimens, and survival was again determined on the tenth postburn day."( Postburn immunosuppression in an animal model. IV. Improved resistance to septic challenge with immunomodulating drugs.
Bartle, EJ; Bender, EM; Carter, WH; Hansbrough, JF; Mansour, MA; Zapata-Sirvent, RL, 1986)		0.27
" In an apparently all-or-none manner, both caused a sinistral shift in dose-response curves for the phasic component of the contractile response to histamine at H1 receptors on the ileum."( Metronidazole and 5-aminosalicylic acid enhance the contractile activity of histaminergic agonists on the guinea-pig isolated ileum.
Barker, LA; Winbery, SL, 1986)		0.27
" Cyproterone acetate allows differentiated treatment according to the various grades of hirsutism by modification of dosage and application."( [The concept of the causal therapy of hirsutism].
Schmidt, JB, 1986)		0.27
" The selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine shifted the dose-response curves of histamine and 2-PEA for inducing vasoconstriction to the right."( Characteristics of histamine receptors in the isolated and perfused canine coronary arteries.
Chiba, S; Nakane, T, 1987)		0.27
" In contrast to cimetidine, basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion measured 12 h after dosing was significantly inhibited during treatment with famotidine."( A comparison of the effects of treatment with either famotidine 40 mg or cimetidine 800 mg nocte on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin.
Crean, GP; Fullarton, GM; Laferla, G; McColl, KE, 1988)		0.85
" The dose-response curve for histamine in each culture was progressively displaced to the right with increasing concentrations of cimetidine, an H2-receptor antagonist."( Histamine H2 receptors on chondrocytes derived from human, canine and bovine articular cartilage.
Brown, DM; Taylor, DJ; Woolley, DE; Yoffe, JR, 1985)		0.47
" Dose-response curves were constructed and characterized in terms of the EC50, slope and maximal response attainable relative to histamine."( Histamine-induced inositol phospholipid breakdown in the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum.
Donaldson, J; Hill, SJ, 1985)		0.27
" Cimetidine affected neither captopril pharmacokinetic parameters nor its biological effects, suggesting that no change in captopril dosing is necessary when cimetidine is co-administered."( Cimetidine does not alter free unchanged captopril pharmacokinetics and biological effects in healthy volunteer.
Bah, M; Cadilhac, M; Giudicelli, JF; Richer, C; Thuillez, C, )		2.48
" With Pancrease, the number of daily dosage units is decreased even when fat intake is increased."( Efficacy of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis: comparison of two preparations by random crossover study and a retrospective study of the same patients at two different ages.
Ansaldi-Balocco, N; Santini, B; Sarchi, C, 1988)		0.27
" These dosage regimens were derived from single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of the drug."( Dosage regimen of cimetidine reviewed. Possible drug accumulation after multiple oral doses.
Prandota, J; Smith, IJ; Wilson, JT, 1988)		0.61
" However, no such intoxication has been reported with CBS used at its recommended dosage in the acute treatment of peptic ulcer disease, and no other serious adverse effects have been associated with CBS."( Colloidal bismuth subcitrate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and its therapeutic use in peptic ulcer disease.
Benfield, P; Monk, JP; Wagstaff, AJ, 1988)		0.27
" Ulcer-healing trials using four times daily dosing appear to parallel the antisecretory dose-response curve up to a dose of 200 micrograms qid."( Overview of misoprostol clinical experience.
Herting, RL; Nissen, CH, 1986)		0.27
" As a result of these studies we recommend a cimetidine maintenance dosage of 400 mg twice a day for all patients whose ulcers are slow to heal on 1 g cimetidine a day and in patients with prepyloric ulcer disease regardless of rate of healing."( Results of short- and long-term cimetidine treatment in patients with juxtapyloric ulcers, with special reference to gastric acid and pepsin secretion.
Berstad, A; Bodemar, G; Ström, M; Walan, A, 1986)		0.81
" Compared with the control treatment, cimetidine increased the glibenclamide AUC (973 vs 710 ng ml-1 h), but during ranitidine dosing glibenclamide AUC (726 ng ml-1 h) was not significantly different from the control."( The paradoxical effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on glibenclamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Antal, EJ; Juhl, RP; Kubacka, RT, 1987)		0.84
" Two thirds were treated continuously with 400 mg at bedtime supplemented by temporary increases in dosage if they had symptomatic relapses (group 1), and the remaining third were given intermittent "healing" doses for four to eight weeks if a symptomatic recurrence was judged to have occurred (group 2)."( Long term management of duodenal ulcer in general practice: how best to use cimetidine?
Rowley-Jones, D; Wade, AG, 1988)		0.5
" Pentoxifylline and metabolite plasma concentrations over one dosing interval were measured on day 7 of each phase."( Alteration of pentoxifylline pharmacokinetics by cimetidine.
Hageman, JH; Mauro, LS; Mauro, VF, 1988)		0.53
" Once-daily dosing with 300 mg ranitidine had no significant effect on theophylline pharmacokinetics."( The effects of once-daily dosing with ranitidine and cimetidine on theophylline pharmacokinetics.
McEwen, J; McMurdo, ME; Moreland, TA, )		0.38
" An initial dose-response study in 48 subjects showed that 200- and 400-mg doses of cimetidine conferred a sufficient reduction in gastric mucosal injury to warrant further study."( Reduction of endoscopically assessed acute aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury with cimetidine.
Chapman, RC; Kimmey, MB; Saunders, DR; Silverstein, FE, 1987)		0.72
" We conclude that cimetidine dosage adjustments are apparently not necessary for patients with acutely restricted nutrient intake, although other weakly acidic and basic drugs may require dosage changes."( The effect of dietary protein-calorie restriction on the renal elimination of cimetidine.
Gersema, LM; Kitt, TM; Park, GD; Spector, R, 1987)		0.83
" In Study II, the effect of food on the bioavailability of the two EB preparations was studied after a single dose of 500 mg (2 x 250 mg enterocoated tablets) and after multiple dosing (2 x 250 mg tid)."( Absorption of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin base in the fasting and non-fasting state.
Männistö, PT; Pohto, P; Solkinen, A; Tuominen, RK; Vuorela, A, 1988)		0.27
" Propranolol and cimetidine serum samples were measured over the 24-hour dosing interval after the last propranolol dose."( The effect of cimetidine dose timing on oral propranolol kinetics in adults.
Asgharnejad, M; Danis, M; Donn, KH; Powell, JR, 1988)		0.98
" Isometric tension studies of control vein and vein bypass grafts treated with histamine resulted in sigmoid dose-response curves."( Mast cell infiltration: a possible mechanism for vein graft vasospasm.
Cross, KS; el-Sanadiki, MN; Hagen, PO; McCann, RL; Mikat, EM; Murray, JJ, 1988)		0.27
" Clemastine significantly shifted the histamine dose-response curves to the right in both groups of lung strips."( Pharmacological analysis of reactivity changes in airways due to acute inflammation in cats.
Bánovcin, P; Korpás, J; Visnovský, P, 1987)		0.27
"Cumulative dose-response curves for histamine induced responses in mesometrial (ME) and antimesometrial (AME) regions of uterine horns isolated from rats at 7th, 16th and 22nd days of pregnancy, were constructed."( Is there a prostaglandin involvement in the positive inotropic action of histamine in isolated pregnant rat uterus, apparently mediated via H1-receptors activation?
Dveksler, G; Franchi, AM; Gimeno, AL; Gimeno, MF; Viggiano, M, 1987)		0.27
" Patients received either cimetidine or ranitidine via continuous infusion, with dosage adjustments for patients with renal insufficiency."( The comparative efficacy of cimetidine and ranitidine in controlling gastric pH in critically ill patients.
Bayliff, CD; Reid, SR, 1986)		0.87
" According to these findings, dosage adjustments of Ci on the basis of Clcrea measurements appear to be valid for renal transplant recipients."( Cimetidine kinetics in renal transplant recipients.
Bozkurt, F; Hoppe-Seyler, G; Keller, E; Schollmeyer, P, 1986)		1.71
" Dosage during maintenance therapy was kept as low as possible to keep patients free of symptoms."( Results of long-term treatment with cimetidine.
Worning, H, 1986)		0.55
"In a sequential observational study efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of cimetidine for the treatment of reflux-oesophagitis (RE) were examined."( [Therapy and prevention of reflux esophagitis. Results of a multicenter study with cimetidine. I: Epidemiology and results of acute therapy].
Döpfer, H; Heilmann, K; Neiss, A; Ottenjann, R; Siewert, JR, 1986)		0.72
" It was clear that cimetidine 800 mg is the most appropriate dosage in the acute therapy of duodenal ulcer, combining optimal healing with maximum pain relief."( Dose validation and study design criteria in current cimetidine studies.
Braverman, AJ, 1986)		0.85
" Dosing schedules are inexact and there remains a need to develop predictive models for its administration."( Approaches to the problem of individual doxorubicin dosing schedules.
Brenner, DE, 1987)		0.27
" Thus, at the dosage used in our trial, ranitidine is more efficient for healing DU at 4 weeks than cimetidine but not for pain relief."( [Comparative effectiveness of ranitidine (150 mg X 2) and cimetidine (400 mg x 2) in the treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. A French multicenter controlled clinical trial].
Cortot, A; Henry-Amar, M; Pappo, M; Paris, JC, 1987)		0.73
" Cimetidine produced a significant increase in the AUC of both single and steady state dosing of nifedipine."( Ranitidine and cimetidine; drug interactions with single dose and steady-state nifedipine administration.
Beerahee, A; Jack, DB; Kendall, MJ; Lobo, J; Smith, SR; Wilkins, MR, 1987)		1.54
" In five elderly subjects aged 56-68 years, a week of dosing with cimetidine caused a rise in t1/2 (7."( Cimetidine inhibition of theophylline elimination: the influence of adult age and the time course.
Adebayo, GI; Coker, HA, )		1.81
" This was not achieved with dosing at 1800 h although the duration of inhibition of gastric acidity was longer."( Large single daily dose of histamine H2 receptor antagonist for duodenal ulcer. How much and when? A clinical pharmacological study.
Burland, WL; Deakin, M; Glenny, HP; Mills, JG; Ramage, JK; Williams, JG, 1987)		0.27
" The cimetidine dose-response curves and the calculated ED50 values were similar in the different experimental situations."( Effects of cimetidine, atropine and pirenzepine on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion in the rat.
Ekelund, M; Håkanson, R; Vallgren, S, 1987)		1.18
" However, the patients' compliance is just as important; the dosage must be individualized."( Enzyme substitution in pancreatic disease.
Andrén-Sandberg, A, 1987)		0.27
"The histamine H2-receptor on the human parietal cell has been characterized by using dose-response curves and the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of an antagonist (pA2) analyses of cimetidine antagonism of betazole, histamine, and impromidine stimulation in isolated human and rabbit gastric glands."( Histamine H2-receptor of human and rabbit parietal cells.
Elander, B; Fellenius, E; Haglund, U; Leth, R; Olbe, L, 1987)		0.46
" It was concluded that a reduction of cimetidine dosage is not necessary in patients with liver disease as far as their renal function is not disturbed, since the metabolism of cimetidine was not affected by the liver dysfunction itself."( Pharmacokinetic studies of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.
Arima, T; Nagashima, H; Yamasaki, H, 1987)		0.84
" and the circulating blood levels of intact and denitrosated compound 5 min after dosing quantified."( Evidence for cytosolic glutathione transferase-mediated denitrosation of nitrosocimetidine and 1-methyl-2-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine.
Jensen, DE; Stelman, GJ, 1987)		0.5
" Two of the more potent compounds tested that were selected for more detailed dose-response evaluation were 4-amino-1-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxonaphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (35) and 1-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-7-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (77)."( 2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
Bauer, RF; Bell, SC; Santilli, AA; Scotese, AC, 1987)		0.27
" Vital to the occurrence of double peaks are (i) dosing time relative to phasic activity, (ii) variability in flow out of the stomach, and (iii) a small emptying rate constant Qs/Vs, for a period of time within the first hour after administration."( The influence of variable gastric emptying and intestinal transit rates on the plasma level curve of cimetidine; an explanation for the double peak phenomenon.
Amidon, GL; Oberle, RL, 1987)		0.49
" Blood and urine samples were collected frequently for 24 hours after dosing with triamterene alone (100 mg/day) for 4 days and concomitant cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) for an additional 4 days."( Effect of cimetidine on renal and hepatic drug elimination: studies with triamterene.
Bochner, F; Muirhead, MR; Rolan, PE; Somogyi, AA, 1986)		0.88
" The expected antisecretory effect of a particular dosage regimen in patients with duodenal ulcer can be predicted mathematically from data derived from studies in normal volunteers."( Comparison of the effects of gastric antisecretory agents in healthy volunteers and patients with duodenal ulcer.
Burget, DW; Howden, CW; Hunt, RH; Jones, DB, 1986)		0.27
" There were 3 further study days repeated after 1 and 2 weeks of cimetidine dosing and 1 week after stopping cimetidine."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine after subchronic administration.
Chin, TW; MacLeod, SM; Mahon, WA; Soldin, SJ; Spino, M, 1986)		0.83
" Cimetidine shifted the dose-response curve for histamine to the right, but chlorpheniramine did not alter the response."( Mechanisms of histamine-induced relaxation in isolated monkey and dog coronary arteries.
Toda, N, 1986)		1.18
" The results of clinical trials conducted in the United States and Europe demonstrated that 800 mg of cimetidine at bedtime is the optimal dosage regimen, providing rapid pain relief and ulcer healing in approximately 80% of the patients."( Goals of therapy: aggressive or moderate acid suppression?
Sabesin, SM, 1986)		0.49
" Acetaminophen, cimetidine, or ranitidine were begun 24 hours prior to oxaprozin dosage and continued for the 10-day duration of each trial."( Interaction of oxaprozin with acetaminophen, cimetidine, and ranitidine.
Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Matlis, R; Scavone, JM, 1986)		0.88
" Therefore, increases in total lidocaine concentrations after cimetidine administration were considerably less than those previously reported and empiric dosage reductions of lidocaine in patients receiving cimetidine may not be appropriate."( The effect of oral cimetidine on total and unbound serum lidocaine concentrations in patients with suspected myocardial infarction.
Bauman, JL; Berk, SI; Douglas, JB; Gal, P; McCue, JD; Powell, JR, 1987)		0.84
" In contrast, tiotidine produced both a dextral shift of the log dose-response curve, as well as a previously unreported suppression in the maximal response produced by histamine."( Antagonistic activity of tiotidine and ranitidine on guinea-pig and rabbit atria.
Hughes, MJ; Kilpatrick, C; Light, KE; Serbus, DC, 1986)		0.27
" Serum samples were serially drawn during each dosing interval for determination of cimetidine and PRZ concentrations by HPLC and RIA, respectively."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine and pirenzepine.
Jamali, F; Mahachai, V; Reilly, PA; Thomson, AB, 1985)		0.75
" The drugs were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the aspirated gastric juice."( Randomized, prospective trial of cimetidine and ranitidine for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill.
Boutagy, JS; More, DG; Munro, IA; Raper, RF; Shenfield, GM; Watson, CJ, 1985)		0.55
" Ethmozine dosing was repeated 15 days later after cimetidine, 300 mg four times a day for 7 days."( Cimetidine inhibition of ethmozine metabolism.
Biollaz, J; Shaheen, O; Wood, AJ, 1985)		1.96
" After 4 weeks, healing rates of 72% and 76%, respectively, were observed for the two dosage regimens."( A comparative trial of 400 mg cimetidine twice daily and 1000 mg daily in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulceration.
Kalantzis, N; Kanaghinis, T; Papadopoulos, C; Rekoumis, G, 1985)		0.56
" Standard therapeutic dosage regimens were used in each group."( Sucralfate and cimetidine as single agents and in combination for treatment of active duodenal ulcers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Schneidman, D; Van Deventer, GM; Walsh, JH, 1985)		0.62
" Coexisting disease states, such as renal or hepatic dysfunction, may require individualized dosing of these agents."( Individualization of calcium entry-blocker dosage for systemic hypertension.
Piepho, RW, 1985)		0.27
"In a Canadian multicenter trial, a new dosing regimen of cimetidine (Tagamet)-600 mg given twice a day-was compared with the standard regimen of 300 mg four times a day in 118 evaluable patients with endoscopically proved esophagitis."( Cimetidine therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Archambault, AP; Cleator, IG; Farley, A; Hershfield, NB; Navert, H; Prokipchuk, EJ; Thomson, AB, 1985)		1.96
"The effects of two dosage levels of a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, and cimetidine on short-term duodenal ulcer healing were compared in a double-blind, endoscopically controlled 4-week study."( Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. A double-blind, cimetidine-controlled trial.
Mannion, G; Naiker, N; O'Keefe, SJ; Spitaels, JM, 1985)		0.7
" 1988 patients with endoscopically-proven peptic ulceration initially underwent an acute treatment over 6-12 weeks (open study) with 1000 mg cimetidine-the dosage could be increased to 1600 mg daily if necessary."( Long term cimetidine therapy for the prevention of recurring peptic ulcer: a multicenter study.
Rohner, HG, 1985)		0.87
" Histamine dose-response characteristics in the presence of mepyramine and clemastine suggest the H1 antagonism to be competitive in nature."( H1-histaminergic activation stimulates inositol-1-phosphate accumulation in chromaffin cells.
Bommer, M; Costa, T; Herz, A; Noble, EP; Sincini, E, 1986)		0.27
" Dosage and schedules for antacid prophylaxis in pediatric burn patients require further study."( Cimetidine and/or antacid for the control of gastric acidity in pediatric burn patients.
Martyn, JA, 1985)		1.71
" After these dose-response curve determinations, chronic daily treatment with haloperidol (0."( Effects of drugs on schedule-controlled behavior in rats during chronic haloperidol administration.
McMillan, DE; Rastogi, SK, 1985)		0.27
" Thirty-five failed to respond to cimetidine in a dose of 1 g/day, whilst 22 relapsed on reduction of dosage to 400 mg daily or on cessation of therapy."( Proximal gastric vagotomy in patients resistant to cimetidine.
Temple, JG; Weaver, RM, 1985)		0.8
" This same dosage in obese individuals with normal serum creatinine values should result in the same average steady-state serum concentrations."( Cimetidine clearance in the obese.
Bauer, LA; Dellinger, EP; Edwards, WA; Ferreri, L; Jack, R; Raisys, V; Simonowitz, D; Wareing-Tran, C, 1985)		1.71
"A double-blind controlled trial was conducted in which the efficacy of cimetidine in a dosage of 20 mg/kg/24 h in preventing upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was tested in 34 critically ill patients on assisted ventilation."( Prevention of stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding by cimetidine in patients on assisted ventilation.
van Blankenstein, M; van den Berg, B, 1985)		0.74
" The minor alterations in prednisolone kinetics during concomitant cimetidine dosing are not likely to induce clinically significant alterations in steroid effect."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the conversion of prednisone to prednisolone.
Eshelman, FN; Ferguson, RK; Rocci, ML; Sirgo, MA; Vlasses, PH, 1985)		0.9
" Since cimetidine did not affect acetaminophen pharmacokinetics to any significant extent, clinical combination of both medications at therapeutic dosage presumably would not produce adverse interactions."( Cimetidine--acetaminophen interaction in humans.
Chen, MM; Lee, CS, 1985)		2.17
" A cimetidine dosage regimen of approximately 30 mg/kg per day in three to four divided doses would be an appropriate dose in children."( Cimetidine pharmacokinetics and dosage requirements in children.
Becker, M; Gugler, R; Somogyi, A, 1985)		2.33
" Twenty patients had dosage decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 patients remaining on study after the first cycle required dosage reductions."( Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus cimetidine in disseminated malignant melanoma.
Ahmann, DL; Creagan, ET; Frytak, S; Green, SJ; Itri, LM; Long, HJ, 1985)		0.51
" Previous cimetidine dosing recommendations have been empiric because of a lack of knowledge about cimetidine disposition kinetics in children."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cimetidine and metabolites in critically ill children.
Hauser, AR; Lloyd, CW; Martin, WJ; Taylor, BD, 1985)		0.94
"Before and after an education program to improve appropriate prescribing of cimetidine in an 810-bed teaching hospital, all new prescriptions written during a 4-week period were investigated, and information was obtained as to the indications for use, the dosage and concurrent drug therapy."( Medical education reduces inappropriate use of cimetidine in a teaching hospital.
Champion, MC; Gardiner, DC; Kozakowski, K; Sweet, D; Wielgosz, A, 1985)		0.76
"Nine healthy normal subjects received verapamil, 10 mg iv, before (control) and during cimetidine dosing (300 mg every 6 hours), and verapamil, 120 mg po, twice in the same manner."( Lack of interaction between verapamil and cimetidine.
Abernethy, DR; Schwartz, JB; Todd, EL, 1985)		0.76
" Modification of cimetidine dosage is therefore presumably not necessary in patients with compensated liver disease."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients with liver disease.
Arancibia, A; Chesta, J; Fajuri, M; González-Martin, G; Novoa, X, 1985)		0.93
" In 5 cases gastric pH monitoring was repeated after continuation of the ranitidine treatment; healing of ulcer was observed in 4 cases, always associated with a nocturnal pH score lower than 10 (in 2 cases after increasing the dosage of ranitidine)."( [Does nocturnal monitoring of gastric pH permit the prediction of therapeutic response in severe duodenal ulcer treated with ranitidine?].
Colin, R; Denis, P; Galmiche, JP; Guillard, JF; Lehur, PA; N'Djitoyap, C; Tranvouez, JL, )		0.13
" With ranitidine under the dosage mentioned above, a prophylactic sufficient control, yet not a complete control of intragastric pH-value was accomplished."( [Control of the intragastric pH value in infection and peritonitis by ranitidine versus cimetidine. A double-blind study].
Hölscher, AH; Ketterl, R; Siewert, JR; Weiser, HF, 1984)		0.49
" The more convenient dosage schedule of ranitidine may be important for patient compliance with initial therapy of peptic ulcer disease, and the greater duration of ranitidine antisecretory effects may enhance effectiveness of long-term maintenance therapy by providing more complete inhibition of nocturnal acid secretion."( Review of peptic ulcer maintenance trials.
Robinson, M, 1984)		0.27
" Most of the commercially available and investigational compounds have similar efficacy; therefore the optimal drug may be the one associated with the fewest adverse effects and the most convenient dosing regimen."( Problems associated with medical treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Zimmerman, TW, 1984)		0.27
" Dose-response curves were performed to aerosol histamine in 11 dogs both before and 1 hr after H2 receptor blockade with cimetidine (1 mg/kg as a rapid intravenous infusion)."( In vivo effect of cimetidine on canine pulmonary responsiveness to aerosol histamine.
Braasch, PS; Drazen, JM; Ingram, RH; Loring, SH; Snapper, JR, 1980)		0.8
" Mepyramine alone displaced the histamine dose-response curve to the right."( Antagonism of vasodepressor and gastric secretory responses to histamine by the H2-receptor antagonists, ranitidine and cimetidine, in the anaesthetized dog.
Daly, MJ; Humphray, JM; Stables, R, 1981)		0.47
"The H2-receptor antagonists ranitidine and cimetidine were tested against gastric secretory dose-response curves to histamine, pentagastrin and bethanechol in the Heidenhain-pouch dog."( The effect of ranitidine on gastric acid secretory response curves to histamine, pentagastrin or bethanechol in the dog with a Heidenhain pouch.
Bunce, KT; Daly, MJ; Humphray, JM; Stables, R, 1981)		0.53
"Gastric mucosal lesions were produced in rats by dosing orally with aspirin, 300 mg/kg."( H2-receptor antagonists protect against aspirin-induced gastric lesions in the rat.
Bunce, KT; Daly, MJ; Humphray, JM; Stables, R, 1981)		0.26
" Furthermore, chronic dosing with cimetidine does not result in tolerance to the inhibitory effect."( Inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism by histamine H2-receptor antagonists studied in vivo and in vitro in rodents.
Avant, GR; Mitchell, MC; Patwardhan, RV; Schenker, S; Speeg, KV, 1982)		0.54
" Twice-daily dosage improved compliance."( Clinical and endocrine aspects of treatment with ranitidine.
Boyd, EJ; Browning, MC; Peden, NR; Saunders, JH; Wormsley, KG, 1981)		0.26
"Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome whose gastric acid secretion or symptoms were not controlled by cimetidine in conventional dosage were selected for studies of responsiveness of their acid secretion to increasing doses of cimetidine, used either alone or in combination with a long-acting anticholinergic agent, isopropamide iodide."( Effect of isopropamide on response to oral cimetidine in patients with Zollinger--Ellison syndrome.
Hyman, PE; McCarthy, DM, 1982)		0.74
" Twenty-four hour monitoring of intragastric pH showed that oxmetidine 400 mg twice daily reduced mean hourly 24 hour intragastric pH by 59%, suggesting that a twice daily dosage regimen should be evaluated in the treatment of duodenal ulceration."( Oxmetidine: clinical pharmacological studies with a new H2-receptor antagonist.
Brunet, PL; Burland, WL; Griffiths, R; Hunt, RH; Mills, JG; Milton-Thompson, GJ; Vincent, D, 1982)		0.26
" Pretreatment of parenchymal strips with cimetidine or YM-11170, H2-receptor antagonists, resulted in a parallel shift of the dimaprit dose-response curve to the right."( Effects of histamine H2-receptor agonists and antagonists on isolated guinea-pig airway muscles.
Tomioka, K; Yamada, T, 1982)		0.53
" When appropriate, reducing the dosage of these agents or switching to an alternative drug will minimize the incidence of side effects."( Cimetidine as an inhibitor of drug metabolism: therapeutic implications and review of the literature.
Bauman, JH; Kimelblatt, BJ, 1982)		1.71
" The present work investigates in vitro the inhibitory dose-response curves to histamine, 4-methyl-histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine in depolarized (KCl 37 mM) uterus from estrogenous sensitized rats."( [Inhibitory action of histamine on the isolated rat uterus].
Esplugues, J; Marti-Bonmati, E; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Morcillo, E; Rubio, E, )		0.13
"The new histamine-H2-receptor agonist, impromidine, was assessed for its effect on gastric acid secretion using a dose-response format."( Dose-response curve analysis of gastric secretory responses in the dog and man to impromidine: a new histamine-H2-receptor agonist.
Flannery, MC; Johnston, BJ; McIsaac, RL, 1983)		0.27
" In the recommended dosage of 150 mg twice daily, ranitidine is as effective as cimetidine in healing duodenal and gastric ulcers and has the advantages of less frequent dosing and fewer side effects."( Pharmacology and clinical efficacy of ranitidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist.
Helman, CA; Tim, LO, )		0.36
" Using quantitative cytochemistry of CA activity in guinea-pig oxyntic cells, we compared the dose-response relationships (1."( Evidence for histamine H1 and H2 receptors in guinea-pig oxyntic cells.
Heldsinger, AA; Skoglund, ML; Vinik, AI, 1983)		0.27
" administration of pure ND in two dogs, has shown that ND declines biexponentially with a t1/2 beta similar to the one estimated after CZP dosing in control animals."( Cimetidine interaction with dipotassium clorazepate disposition in the anesthetized dog.
Colin, P; Lelorier, J; Sirois, G, 1984)		1.71
" For comparison, the DNA methylation produced by the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) dosed orally was measured."( DNA-methylation by nitrosocimetidine and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the intact rat.
Gombar, CT; Magee, PN, 1982)		0.56
" Both substance P and histamine produced sigmoid dose-response curves for the following parameters: 1 min and 5 min planimetrically measured areas of erythema, and mean diameter of weal."( Vascular responses of human skin to injection of substance P and mechanism of action.
Coutts, AA; Eady, RA; Greaves, MW; Jorizzo, JL, 1983)		0.27
" The clinical implications from this study necessitate dosage adjustments of procainamide in patients being concomitantly treated with cimetidine."( Cimetidine-procainamide pharmacokinetic interaction in man: evidence of competition for tubular secretion of basic drugs.
Heinzow, B; McLean, A; Somogyi, A, 1983)		1.91
"Sprague-Dawley male albino rats showed in a dose-response study a maximal drinking response to a 5 U/kg dose of SC insulin in a 2-hr test."( Histaminergic mechanism for drinking elicited by insulin in the rat.
Hecht, ES; Kraly, FS; Miller, LA, 1983)		0.27
" The dose-response curves to ACh showed nonparallel increases in H+ secretion and histamine release."( Evidence for a direct action of acetylcholine on the gastric oxyntic cell of the amphibian.
Michelangeli, F; Ruiz, MC, 1984)		0.27
" All parameters were examined for agonist and antagonist potency using dose-response curves, ED50 and pA2 values."( Histamine responsiveness of isolated gastric glands.
Berglindh, T; Chew, CS; Hersey, SJ; Sachs, G, 1980)		0.26
"To investigate the mechanism of intracellular transmission of three representative stimuli for gastric acid secretion, the dose-response relations of cyclic nucleotides accompanied by acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin and bethanechol were comparatively studied using an in vitro preparation of guinea pig gastric mucosa surviving with a constant potential difference and acid secretion sensitive to amytal."( Cyclic nucleotide response to acid-secreting stimuli in guinea pig gastric mucosa in vitro.
Matsumoto, H; Miyoshi, A; Ohe, K; Shirakawa, T, 1981)		0.26
" The dose-response curve of the adenylate cyclase activity was not shifted to the left."( Adenylate cyclase activity in gastric mucosal biopsies and cAMP in gastric juice before and after cimetidine treatment in healthy subjects.
Aadland, E; Berstad, A; Ruoff, HJ; Torjesen, P, 1981)		0.48
" A dose-response relationship between ranitidine and PRL was established, and a dose of 65 mg ranitidine was found to be the minimal effective PRL-releasing dose."( Comparison between dose-responses of prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone to two different histamine H-2 receptor antagonists in normal men.
Christiansen, PM; Dejgarrd, A; Knigge, U; Thuesen, B; Wollesen, F, 1981)		0.26
"The dose-response curve of histamine-induced cyclic AMP elevation in monolayer cultures of primary foetal-bovine articular chondrocytes was displaced to the right by cimetidine."( Histamine H2 receptors on foetal-bovine articular chondrocytes.
Taylor, DJ; Woolley, DE; Yoffe, JR, 1983)		0.46
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, drug interactions, and dosage of ranitidine are reviewed; specific comparisons are made of this new H2-receptor antagonist with the older agent, cimetidine."( Ranitidine: a new H2-receptor antagonist.
Berner, BD; Conner, CS; Sawyer, DR; Siepler, JK, )		0.32
" Nocturnal acid output was controlled significantly better with ranitidine at night, twice daily dosage of ranitidine, and cimetidine at night, than by the twice daily dosage of cimetidine."( Single nocturnal dose of an H2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Buck, M; Gledhill, T; Howard, OM; Hunt, RH; Paul, A, 1983)		0.47
" A significant difference was not found between the two cimetidine dosages, indicating dose independence of the interaction over the dosage range studied."( Inhibition of theophylline clearance by cimetidine but not ranitidine.
Cross, RE; Eshelman, FN; Powell, JR; Rogers, JF; Wargin, WA, 1984)		0.78
" Lipid content is increased by ranitidine in livers of rats dosed with ethanol."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the "lipoperoxide" and lipid content of liver of rats treated with CCl4, colchicine, ethanol, ethionine and emetine.
Agostini, C; Di Segni, M, 1984)		0.66
" Cimetidine dosage in clinical practice should therefore be calculated on the basis of IBW, which better reflects lean body mass, instead of total body weight, which reflects adipose tissue weight in addition to lean body mass."( Cimetidine disposition in obesity.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Gugler, R; Matlis, R, 1984)		2.62
"4% of the dosage given before versus 28."( Long-term cimetidine in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized double-blind study.
Kläy, MP; Kraemer, R; Lentze, MJ; Mordasini, RC; Riesen, WF; Rossi, E; Ruedeberg, A; Schöni, M, 1984)		0.67
" We studied the clinical importance of this effect in 10 patients, who were receiving long-term treatment with diazepam for anxiety, tension, or difficulty in sleeping, in an eight-week double-blind controlled study during which the diazepam dosage remained constant."( Clinical importance of the interaction of diazepam and cimetidine.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Morse, DS; Shader, RI, 1984)		0.51
" Both dosage regimens were equally effective in reducing ulcer pain and consumption of antacids."( Comparison of cimetidine 800 mg once daily and 400 mg twice daily in acute duodenal ulceration.
Capurso, L; Dal Monte, PR; Mazzeo, F; Menardo, G; Morettini, A; Saggioro, A; Tafner, G, 1984)		0.63
"A reversal phase partition chromatographic system analysis cimetidine and zolimidine in pharmaceutical dosage forms is proposed."( [Analysis of active principles in pharmaceutical dosage forms by high pressure liquid chromatography - cimetidine and zolimidine].
Cozzolino, S; La Rotonda, MI; Schettino, O, 1980)		0.72
" This suggests that no change in ibuprofen dosing is necessary when cimetidine is co-administered."( Cimetidine does not alter ibuprofen kinetics after a single dose.
Bliss, M; Conrad, KA; Mayersohn, M, 1984)		1.95
" Simultaneous application of Hi and 10 micrograms of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or promethazine, apparently causing no analgesic effect from a single administration, caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of Hi to the right."( Analgesic effect of histamine induced by intracerebral injection into mice.
Chung, YH; Kamei, C; Miyake, H; Tasaka, K, 1984)		0.27
" The shapes of the dose-response curves for inhibition of the organic cation and organic anion transport are different, and the inhibition is competitive in each case."( Mechanisms for the renal secretion of cisplatin.
Herbert, BH; Nelson, JA; Santos, G, 1984)		0.27
" Following controlled alcohol doses to eight healthy volunteers without cimetidine and after three days cimetidine in the two dosage regimens, blood alcohol concentrations were determined and the degree of intoxication was recorded subjectively on a 100 mm scale."( [The effect of cimetidine on the metabolism and effects of alcohol].
Fenzl, E; Hein, B; Johnson, KI, 1984)		0.85
") given 30 min prior to SU-88 dosing blocked this protective effect, whereas it was not affected when indomethacin was given 30 min after the SU-88 dosing."( Cytoprotective effect of SU-88, an anti-ulcer agent, in the rat.
Kyogoku, K; Mori, Y; Nakazima, M; Shinozaki, A; Suwa, T, 1984)		0.27
"Both the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cimetidine were investigated in three patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, who were unresponsive to conventional dosing regimens."( Failure of cimetidine in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Adamonis, AJ; Dreyer, M; Madura, M; Olinger, EJ; Schentag, JJ; Ziemniak, JA, 1983)		0.9
"The disposition of cimetidine after oral and intravenous administration during multiple dosing was studied in 11 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis."( Cimetidine disposition in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis during multiple dosing therapy.
Cello, JP; Oie, S, 1983)		2.04
" It is concluded that cimetidine clearance is decreased in patients with severe liver disease, mostly due to an impairment of the tubular secretion of unchanged drug, and that a reduction of cimetidine dosage is warranted in these patients, even in the presence of a normal creatinine clearance."( Cimetidine kinetics and dynamics in patients with severe liver disease.
Arsène, D; Fortunet-Fouin, H; Villeneuve, JP, )		1.89
" In seven nonanesthetized sheep, maternal dosage produced mean steady-state plasma concentrations of 776 +/- 217 ng/ml in the mother and 32 +/- 15 ng/ml in the fetus."( Placental transfer and renal elimination of cimetidine in maternal and fetal sheep.
Ching, MS; Hardy, KJ; Jones, DB; Mihaly, GW; Morgan, DJ; Smallwood, RA; Webster, LK, 1983)		0.53
"25-20 mg/kg) in a dose-response study."( A probe for a histaminergic component of drinking in the rat.
Kraly, FS, 1983)		0.27
" These results suggest that similar to clonidine, a high dosage of tizanidine influences gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcers, although the activity is lower than that of clonidine."( [Influence of a muscle relaxant, tizanidine, on gastric acid secretion and gastric ulcer in rats].
Kanaoka, R; Maeda-Hagiwara, M; Watanabe, H; Watanabe, K, 1983)		0.27
" During multiple dosing of cimetidine, significant accumulation of cimetidine metabolites may be expected."( The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cimetidine in neonates.
Aranda, JV; Schentag, JJ; Wynn, RJ; Zarowitz, BJ; Ziemniak, JA, 1984)		0.83
" Prescribers should be aware of this potential interaction and reduce theophylline dosage where appropriate."( Cimetidine-theophylline interaction in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.
Grice, J; McGuffie, C; Roberts, RK, 1984)		1.71
"5 micrograms/ml were maintained for the entire dosing interval in seven of 10 subjects."( Effect of antacids on predicted steady-state cimetidine concentrations.
Doering, PL; Guild, RT; Lopez, LM; Normann, SA; Russell, WL, 1984)		0.53
"To examine for a relationship between in vivo nonspecific bronchial reactivity to histamine and in vitro smooth muscle response to histamine, we performed inhalation dose-response curves prior to lung surgery in 12 patients and compared this with their bronchial smooth muscle response in vitro."( A comparison of in vivo and in vitro human airway reactivity to histamine.
Armour, CL; Chan, N; Hogg, JC; Lazar, NM; Paré, PD; Schellenberg, RR; Taylor, SM, 1984)		0.27
" In aortic ring segments, precontracted by norepinephrine, three types of dose-response curves were found: relaxation (rat), contraction (guinea-pig, cat, mouse) and relaxation followed by contraction at higher doses (rabbit)."( Effect of histamine on aorta preparations of different species.
Leusen, I; Van de Voorde, J, 1984)		0.27
" This relationship might prove to be a useful method of individualizing cimetidine dosage in critically ill patients."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in critically ill patients.
Cameron, P; Ilett, KF; Nation, RL; Oh, TE; Thompson, W; Tjokrosetio, R, 1984)		0.82
" Extensive placebo-controlled trials have not been reported for antacid treatment of gastric ulcer, but regular antacid dosing was as effective as cimetidine in one trial."( Antacid therapy for duodenal and gastric ulcer: the experience in the United States.
Ippoliti, AF, 1982)		0.46
" Dosage guidelines and formulation procedures are described in the paper, as are other possible therapeutic alternatives (dialysis, acetazolamide, cimetidine)."( Treating severe metabolic alkalosis.
Martin, WJ; Matzke, GR, )		0.33
"1 To study the effect of cimetidine on gonadal function in man, eleven male subjects with chronic duodenal ulcer were given cimetidine orally at a dosage of 1000 mg per day 3 months and 400 mg nocte for the subsequent 3 months."( Effect of cimetidine on gonadal function in man.
Lai, CL; Lam, KC; Wang, C; Yeung, KK, 1982)		0.97
" Interactions at the absorption level can be avoided by administering the antacid one hour after intake of the other drugs (one hour after meals) which is also the optimum dosing schedule to ensure good antacid effect."( [Metabolic effects of antacids and interactions with other drugs].
Gugler, R; Musch, E, 1983)		0.27
" Although there was wide variation in dosage of cimetidine and duration of therapy, no significant difference was noted in the dosage regimen of responders and non-responders to cimetidine."( Cimetidine in primary duodenal ulcer in children.
Attenburrow, AA; Goel, KM; Thomson, RB, 1983)		1.96
"Cimetidine disposition was determined in six patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to ascertain the need for modification of conventional dosing regimens."( Cimetidine disposition in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Jones, W; Kazama, RM; Kogan, FJ; Mayersohn, M; Michael, UF; Perrier, D; Sampliner, RE, )		3.02
"In order to establish improved guidelines for dosage adjustments of cimetidine before and during hemodialysis, the kinetics of this drug was investigated in 7 uremic patients undergoing regular hemodialysis."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Bjaeldager, PA; Hvidberg, EF; Jensen, JB; Larsen, NE; Nielsen, LP, 1983)		0.82
" Because of the 40% decrease in total clearance, dosage in cirrhotic patients with a history of PSE should be reduced to minimize the risk of CNS side effects associated with cimetidine."( Hepatic encephalopathy and altered cimetidine kinetics.
Bernhard, H; Schentag, JJ; Ziemniak, JA, 1983)		0.74
" Consequently, a computer program was developed for cimetidine dosage regimen prediction which can be used for "normal" subjects, young and geriatric patients without and with renal impairment."( Prediction of cimetidine disposition in the aged.
Ritschel, WA, 1983)		0.88
"The pharmacokinetic behavior of cimetidine has not been described in children, and there is no authoritative guideline on cimetidine dosage for children."( Pharmacokinetics of cimetidine in critically ill children.
Baltodano, A; Chin, TW; Edmonds, JF; Fenje, P; MacLeod, SM; Soldin, SJ, 1982)		0.87
" In each course, dosing was initiated at half the recommended dosage of 600 mg daily, and mental status deteriorated shortly after dosing began."( Dose and serum concentration relationships in cimetidine-associated mental confusion.
Berg, MJ; Calleri, G; Cerra, FB; Kimelblatt, BJ; McMillen, MA; Schentag, JJ, 1980)		0.52
" Cimetidine may cause mental confusion and should be used with caution and in reduced dosage in the presence of hepatic or renal disease, or both, and in elderly patients."( Cimetidine: clinical uses and possible side effects.
Babb, RR, 1980)		2.61
"Over a 15-month period, 75 critically ill patients at risk of acute gastrointestinal bleeding were randomized into two groups: one group (38 patients) received the H2-blocker cimetidine intravenously at an initial dosage of 300 mg every six hours, and the other group (37 patients) received antacid (Mylanta II) through a nasogastric tube at an intial dosage of 30 ml every hour."( Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomized trial in 75 critically ill patients.
Bushnell, LS; Long, PC; Priebe, HJ; Silen, W; Skillman, JJ, 1980)		0.81
" Results suggest that acid secretion blockage with limited dosage has no advantage in micromucosal visualization."( Double-blind evaluation of cimetidine as an adjunct to the routine double contrast upper-gastrointestinal examination.
Carrier, JW; Kutzen, B; Radcliffe, RV, 1980)		0.56
"6 gm/day of cimetidine for the next three weeks, while the other patients remained on the initial dosage schedule for three more weeks."( Long-term treatment of gastric ulcer with cimetidine.
Da Silva, EP; Zaterka, S, 1981)		0.91
" The results suggest that ulcer recurrence is not commoner after treatment with standard dose of cimetidine than after a low dosage of cimetidine or trimipramine."( Relapse of duodenal ulcer after treatment with trimipramine/antacids or cimetidine/antacids.
Aadland, E; Berstad, A; Bjerke, K; Carlsen, E, 1981)		0.71
"A multicenter double-blind study was made to compare whether 1,000 mg dosage of cimetidine, the dose commonly employed in the United Kingdom, was as effective as the 1,200 mg."( Double-blind multicenter comparison of 1,200 mg. and 1,000 mg. cimetidine in hospitalized and ambulatory duodenal ulcer patients.
Cohen, NN; Davis, WD; Font, RG; Graham, DY; Mann, JA; Sabesin, SM; Schwartz, JT, 1981)		0.73
" After ulcer healing, drug dosage was reduced (cimetidine to 400 mg at night and Caved-S to two tablets twice daily)."( Comparison between cimetidine and Caved-S in the treatment of gastric ulceration, and subsequent maintenance therapy.
Darnborough, A; McAdam, WA; Morgan, AG; Pacsoo, C, 1982)		0.85
"0 g cimetidine/day in divided doses before dosing with 40 mg furosemide produced no significant effects on furosemide plasma levels or in its effects on urinary water and electrolyte excretion."( Effect of cimetidine on the absorption and efficacy of orally administered furosemide.
Bradbrook, ID; House, FR; Morrison, P; Rogers, HJ, 1982)		1.22
" The plasma concentrations of the sulphoxide metabolite increased successively with time after dosing and no elimination phase was observed still 9 h after dose."( The pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and its sulphoxide metabolite in patients with normal and impaired renal function.
Bertler, A; Bodemar, G; Erlanson, P; Fransson, L; Larsson, R; Norlander, B; Walan, A, 1982)		0.57
" It is concluded that cimetidine on this dosage schedule is not effective in the prevention of gastric erosions in a cervical cord section rat model, whereas the ulceroprotective effects of 16,16-dmPGE2 and antacids are significant."( Effects of antacids, cimetidine, and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on acute gastric erosions in a spinal rat.
Gillich, A; Sigman, HH, 1982)		0.9
" It appears that both dosage and underlying disease state are important factors determining the nature and severity of cimetidine-associated mental status changes."( Mental status, the intensive care unit, and cimetidine.
Cerra, FB; Fitzgerald, GC; Karwande, SV; Leising, M; McMillen, M; Schentag, JJ, 1982)		0.73
" Twice a day dosage is likely to improve patient compliance, costs less, and may reduce dose-related side effects."( Twice-a-day dosage of cimetidine in the short-term treatment of peptic ulcer.
Eaves, R; Korman, MG, 1982)		0.58
"Using a recently developed computer program based on a correlation between methods to predict the elimination half-life and apparent volume of distribution of cimetidine and actual data from patients, ideal dosage regimens were generated for patients with renal impairment and for geriatric patients, together with the corresponding maximum and minimum steady state concentrations."( Cimetidine dosage regimen for patients with renal failure and for geriatric patients.
Ritschel, WA, 1982)		1.9
" Dosing began in March 1976."( Safety evaluation of cimetidine: 54 month interim report on long-term study in dogs.
Crean, GP; Leslie, GB; Roe, FJ; Walker, TF; Whitehead, SM, 1981)		0.58
" No dosage adjustment need be made when patients receiving cimetidine undergo any form of dialysis; hemoperfusion may be of some benefit in removing drug from the central as well as tissue compartments in an acute overdose situation."( Removal of cimetidine by peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and charcoal hemoperfusion.
Moore, MC; Pizzella, KM; Schentag, JJ; Schultz, RW; Walshe, J, 1980)		0.89
" The dosage was not adjusted in over 50% of the patients in whom impairment of renal function was serious enough to warrant consideration of a dosage reduction."( Use of cimetidine in hospital patients.
Behun, M; Hall, KW; Irvine-Meek, J; Otten, N, 1981)		0.72
" Bronchial response was monitored with serial measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) and a dose-response curve was constructed for each challenge."( The role of histamine receptors in asthma.
Eiser, NM; Guz, A; Mills, J; Snashall, PD, 1981)		0.26
" The authors suggest that the dosage of surface antacids should be expressed in anti-acid mEq, knowing that 50 mEq produce as therapeutic effect lasting approximately 30 minutes."( [Radiotelemetric study of the effects of antacids and cimetidine on intragastric pH (author's transl)].
Caulin, C; Isal, JP; Lamotte, M, 1981)		0.51
" Similar effects were observed with chronic dosing of cimetidine."( Cimetidine: a specific inhibitor of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the rat.
Drew, R; Grygiel, JJ; Rowell, J, 1981)		1.95
" In order to determine whether a high dosage therapy with a calcium-containing antacid accelerates the healing of the ulcer or retards it through the "Acid-rebound" effect of the calcium, we examined in a clinical study 10 patients with an endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer."( [Calcium-containing antacids in the therapy of duodenal ulcers].
Kunert, H; Weingart, J, 1981)		0.26
" The recovery of the content of mucus glycoprotein in drug dosed rats occurred within 3 h after aspirin dosing and was nearly 90% of control at 5 h in all cases."( Efficacy of anti-ulcer drugs on the recovery of gastric mucosal glycoproteins with aspirin-induced gastric damage in rat.
Azuumi, Y; Hotta, K; Ishihara, K; Ohara, S; Okabe, H, 1981)		0.26
" Some adjustment in theophylline dosage may be needed in treated patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients should be studied closely with theophylline serum concentration measurements and careful clinical assessments."( Alteration of theophylline clearance and half-life by cimetidine in normal volunteers.
Bernhard, H; Reitberg, DP; Schentag, JJ, 1981)		0.73
" The presence of specific H1 histamine receptors was further supported by shifts in the dose-response curve to histamine by four different concentrations of diphenhydramine."( Mechanisms of histamine stimulated secretion in rabbit ileal mucosa.
Higgs, NB; Linaker, BD; McKay, JS; Turnberg, LA, 1981)		0.26
" 4 Administration of 400 mg cimetidine 8 hourly and at night for 6 days and dosing with 500 mg tetracycline as tablets or suspension on the fifth day produced no alteration in tetracycline kinetics."( Effect of cimetidine on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline.
Bradbrook, ID; Fisher, P; House, F; Inns, P; Morrison, PJ; Rogers, HJ, 1980)		0.96
" The study indicates that the correlation between plasma cimetidine levels and gastric acid secretion is poor, but that the cimetidine dosage used suppressed acid output during the entire dosing interval."( Relationship between cimetidine plasma levels and gastric acidity in acutely ill patients.
Bombeck, CT; Cohen, IA; Nation, R; Nyhus, LM; Siepler, JK, 1980)		0.83
" Cimetidine caused parallel displacement of the dose-response curve to histamine, but failed to alter the response to carbachol or gastrin."( Secretagogue stimulation of [14C]aminopyrine accumulation by isolated canine parietal cells.
Soll, AH, 1980)		1.17
" If confirmed with the solid dosage form in man, the present study suggests that unlike magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel, cimetidine may be used as an effective means of reducing gastric acid in patients who take tetracycline."( Effect of cimetidine on absorption of oral tetracycline in mice.
Garty, M; Hurwitz, A, 1980)		0.87
" Dose-response curves were constructed and analysed in the presence of H1- and H2-antagonists."( The effect of histamine and histamine antagonists on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in man.
Knight, SE; McIsaac, RL; Rennie, CD, 1980)		0.26
" Cumulative dose-response contraction curves were constructed."( A dual action of histamine on isolated human pulmonary arteries.
Boe, J; Boe, MA; Simonsson, BG, 1980)		0.26
" The observed milk/serum ratio for the three dosing regimens were not significantly different from one another."( Active transport of cimetidine into human milk.
Desai, N; Kuhn, RJ; McNamara, PJ; Oo, CY, 1995)		0.61
"Full dose-response curves to histamine were constructed in 16 healthy volunteers (mean age, 47 +/- 20 years; age range, 21 to 80 years) by infusing histamine (2 to 136 ng/min) into dorsal hand veins preconstricted with the alpha-adrenergic selective agonist phenylephrine."( H1- and H2-histamine receptor-mediated vasodilation varies with aging in humans.
Bedarida, G; Blaschke, TF; Bushell, E; Hoffman, BB, 1995)		0.29
" Dose-response curves to histamine were repeated after infusion of the H2-selective antagonist cimetidine at a dose sufficient to completely block the H2-mediated response (49 micrograms/min)."( H1- and H2-histamine receptor-mediated vasodilation varies with aging in humans.
Bedarida, G; Blaschke, TF; Bushell, E; Hoffman, BB, 1995)		0.51
" Some compounds also proved to be effective inhibitors of stimulated acid secretion in both the rat and dog when dosed intravenously."( Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 5. Substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines and thienopyrimidines.
Blurton, P; Brown, TH; Ife, RJ; Keeling, DJ; Leach, CA; Meeson, ML; Parsons, ME; Theobald, CJ, 1995)		0.29
" The drug dosage can be reduced, freeing the patient of the adverse reaction, but leaving behind a background activity adequate to produce a therapeutically beneficial effect."( A comparative overview of the adverse effects of antiulcer drugs.
Piper, DW, 1995)		0.29
" Dosage requirements vary according to age and clinical condition, and children require a relatively higher drug dosage (mg/kg) than adults."( Do H2 receptor antagonists have a therapeutic role in childhood?
Kelly, DA, 1994)		0.29
" Moreover, the inhibitory effect of YM-14471 was more prolonged than those of famotidine and cimetidine by either route, and it was as long as that of omeprazole dosed orally."( Antisecretory effects of a novel and long-lasting histamine H2-receptor antagonist, YM-14471, in rats and dogs.
Fujihara, A; Kamato, T; Miyata, K; Nishida, A; Takeda, M; Yuki, H, 1993)		0.51
" We conclude that gastric mucosal concentrations of histamine H2-receptor blockers achieved after oral dosing are probably too low to cause significant inhibition of gastric ADH in vivo."( Inhibition of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity by histamine H2-receptor antagonists has no influence on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol after a moderate dose.
Bergmann, JF; Blanc, LE; Delchier, JC; Dhumeaux, D; Dutreuil, C; Mallat, A; Roudot-Thoraval, F; Simonneau, G; Trout, H, 1994)		0.29
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats had their bile ducts cannulated and were dosed with [3H]taxol (2 mg/kg, 68-77 microCi/mg) as a continuous intravenous infusion for 6 hr so that the plasma concentrations, tissue distribution, metabolism, and biliary secretion of taxol could be studied."( Effect of cimetidine, probenecid, and ketoconazole on the distribution, biliary secretion, and metabolism of [3H]taxol in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
Collins, JM; Egorin, MJ; Erkmen, K; Jamis-Dow, CA; Klecker, RW; Parker, RJ; Stevens, R, )		0.53
" The inclusion of oral and intravenous dosage data of alcohol is mandatory to positively identify first-pass metabolism in any individuals."( H2-antagonists and alcohol. Do they interact?
Gugler, R, 1994)		0.29
" Schedule dependency and dose-response evaluations involving Taxol were studied in the SC M109 model."( Taxol-based combination chemotherapy and other in vivo preclinical antitumor studies.
Rose, WC, 1993)		0.29
" A program designed to reduce dosages to maintenance therapy after eight weeks at treatment dosage was developed by the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee with staff physician input."( Antiulcer prescribing program in a state correctional system.
Cason, DM; Helling, DK; Keith, MR, 1994)		0.29
"The follow-up DUE showed the mean daily dosage for prescribed histamine2-receptor antagonists decreased (cimetidine from 694 to 454 mg, ranitidine from 280 to 183 mg) and the mean duration of therapy decreased from 14 to 10 months."( Antiulcer prescribing program in a state correctional system.
Cason, DM; Helling, DK; Keith, MR, 1994)		0.5
" Moreover, if omeprazole is administered at a pharmacologically effective dosage for a short period of time, it may not have serious effects on the ultrastructure of human parietal cells."( The effects of omeprazole on the ultrastructure of gastric parietal cells.
Fujii, T; Kato, S; Naganuma, H; Nakagawa, H; Nakano, K, 1994)		0.29
" In the PAG/DR, the HA dose-response curve had an inverted U-shape, showing that HA can induce both antinociceptive (0."( Histamine-induced modulation of nociceptive responses.
Hough, LB; Mischler, SA; Nalwalk, JW; Thoburn, KK, 1994)		0.29
" The subjects consumed 50 g alcohol after a standard lunch on the eighth day of dosing with study medication."( Lack of effect of H2-receptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol consumed after food at lunchtime.
Braithwaite, R; Gibson, GJ; Hale, KA; Kendall, MJ; Langman, MJ; Spannuth, F; Walt, RP, 1994)		0.29
" We conclude that twice-daily cimetidine at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day is as effective for the symptomatic improvement and healing of peptic ulcer as the conventional three- or four-times-daily regimens."( Efficacy of twice-daily cimetidine in pediatric peptic ulcer.
Kato, S; Nakagawa, H; Ohtake, M; Ozawa, A; Shibuya, H, 1994)		0.88
"A titrimetric method, with N,N-dibromodimethylhydantoin as reagent, has been developed for the determination of cimetidine in pure form and in dosage forms."( Determination of cimetidine in pure form and in dosage forms using N,N-dibromodimethylhydantoin.
Karpagaselvi, L; Kumar, KG, 1994)		0.84
" Twelve healthy subjects received a single 20 mg dose of ebastine on day 2 of a multiple oral dosing regimen of either cimetidine (400 mg three times daily and 800 mg in the evening on the day preceding ebastine administration and 400 mg four times daily on the 2 following days) or placebo in a randomised cross-over design."( Cimetidine does not influence the metabolism of the H1-receptor antagonist ebastine to its active metabolite carebastine.
Breimer, DD; Bruno, R; Cohen, AF; Reinhoudt, JF; Schoemaker, HC; Van Rooij, J, 1993)		1.94
" This DRF at the low dosage of cimetidine used in this study compared with known radioprotectors is very promising and it might be useful as a potent radioprotector."( Radioprotective effects of cimetidine in mouse bone marrow cells exposed to gamma-rays as assayed by the micronucleus test.
Gharbali, A; Mozdarani, H, 1993)		0.87
"This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated QID and BID regimens of cimetidine (total daily dosage of 1600 mg) in adult patients with moderate or severe gastroesophageal reflux disease."( Cimetidine QID and BID in rapid heartburn relief and healing of lesions in gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Hedrich, DA; Karlstadt, RG; Miller, DM; Palmer, RH, )		1.79
" A strong dose-response relation was present among cimetidine users."( Risk of gynaecomastia associated with cimetidine, omeprazole, and other antiulcer drugs.
García Rodríguez, LA; Jick, H, 1994)		0.81
" In healthy volunteers full dose-response curves were constructed by infusing histamine, before and after administration of an H1 or H2 antagonist or both antagonists, into dorsal hand veins preconstricted with the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine."( Histamine-induced venodilation in human beings involves both H1 and H2 receptor subtypes.
Bedarida, G; Blaschke, TF; Dachman, WD; Hoffman, BB, 1994)		0.29
"5 g/kg) of ethanol under four challenge conditions: (a) a single dose of placebo prior to alcohol ingestion in the morning, (b) a single dose of H2-antagonist prior to alcohol ingestion in the morning, (c) 14-day chronic dosing with H2-antagonist prior to alcohol ingestion in the evening, and (d) 28-day chronic dosing with H2-antagonist prior to alcohol ingestion in the morning."( Cimetidine and ranitidine. Lack of effect on the pharmacokinetics of an acute ethanol dose.
Chesher, GB; Dauncey, H; Palmer, RH, 1993)		1.73
" In addition to the patient's age and the prescriber's medical specialty, specific DUE criteria included the reason given in the medical record for use; dosage regimen and adjustments made on the basis of the patient's renal function; other GI drugs taken concurrently; pharmacist intervention; simultaneous use of oral medications; occurrence of adverse events; H2-antagonist use with specified drug products known to affect serum drug concentrations of one or both medications; and use of gastric pH monitoring."( Use of i.v. cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine in 40 hospitals.
Ben-Joseph, R; Oh, T; Russell, WL; Segal, R, 1993)		0.66
"5 mg/h, was compared with sucralfate, administered via nasogastric tube, at a dosage of 1 g every 6 hours suspended in 20 mL of sterile water."( Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate.
Celoria, G; Dawson, J; Navab, F; Ryan, P; Teres, D, 1993)		0.53
" They were obtained by the chi-square (chi 2) goodness-of-fit test, recently applied for the evaluation of dose-response curves."( Modern approach to the evaluation of combined effects of single-dose trials and clinical time-course studies, exemplified by combinations of pirenzepine and H2-receptor antagonists.
Londong, W; Pöch, G, 1993)		0.29
" (3) Group C, after healing of DU, 54 patients received a maintenance dosage of cimetidine 400 at night for up to 1 year."( [Study on omeprazole 20 mg twice weekly in prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse].
Bei, L; Chen, SP; Wen, SH, 1993)		0.51
" The only risk factor for ranitidine was for patients who did not have their dosage corrected for renal function ("overdose"); these patients were twice as likely to experience a PADR compared with patients who received the correct dosage as determined by their renal function."( Risk for adverse events among patients receiving intravenous histamine2-receptor antagonists.
Ben-Joseph, R; Russell, WL; Segal, R, 1993)		0.29
" A standardized dosage of cyclosporine was given orally, and the duration was calculated for the maximum whole blood level of cyclosporine to be achieved; the dosage/level quotient was calculated."( The influence of gastrointestinal agents on resorption and metabolism of cyclosporine after heart transplantation: experimental and clinical results.
Markewitz, A; Meiser, BM; Muschiol, F; Nollert, G; Pfeiffer, M; Reichart, B; Reichenspurner, H; Uberfuhr, P; Wagner, F, )		0.13
"4 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion over 5 min (a dosage previously used to test drug interactions with cimetidine and ranitidine) were evaluated in 7 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and peptic ulcer disease before and after 8 days' treatment with famotidine 40mg at night."( Famotidine and theophylline pharmacokinetics. An unexpected cimetidine-like interaction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Dal Negro, R; Pomari, C; Turco, P, 1993)		0.74
" In the guinea pig ileum, millimolar concentrations of cimetidine and famotidine shifted the dose-response curve of the contractile response to acetylcholine rightward."( Comparative effects of cimetidine and famotidine on the vagally stimulated acid secretion in the isolated mouse whole stomach.
Kanaoka, S; Watanabe, K; Yamamoto, M; Yano, S, 1993)		0.84
" For patients refractory to these drugs or for which once-a-day dosing is desirable, omeprazole has an advantage."( Antiulcer therapy.
Papich, MG, 1993)		0.29
" Venous blood sampling for pharmacokinetic assessment was done over a complete dosing interval on day 7 of each phase."( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of a chronotherapeutically formulated once-daily theophylline preparation (Uniphyl).
Babul, N; Buttoo, KM; Fraser, IM; Stewart, JH; Walker, SE, )		0.52
" When nefazodone and cimetidine were co-administered for 1 week, no change in steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters for cimetidine, nefazodone or hydroxynefazodone was observed compared with each drug dosed alone."( Lack of interaction between nefazodone and cimetidine: a steady state pharmacokinetic study in humans.
Barbhaiya, RH; Greene, DS; Shukla, UA, 1995)		0.87
"6 h) dosing periods."( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine or famotidine and cyclosporine in healthy men.
Collier, DS; McGuire, TR; Rossi, SJ; Schaaf, LJ; Shaefer, MS; Stratta, RJ, 1995)		0.54
" Based on the observation that neither cimetidine nor ranitidine had a significant effect on serum concentrations of zidovudine or zidovudine glucuronide, a change in the dosage of zidovudine is not warranted."( The effect of cimetidine and ranitidine administration with zidovudine.
Balfour, HH; Fletcher, CV; Henry, WK; Noormohamed, SE; Rhame, FS, )		0.76
" Clinical considerations may dictate a reduction in tacrine dosage when tacrine is coadministered with cimetidine."( Inhibition of tacrine oral clearance by cimetidine.
deVries, TM; Forgue, ST; Reece, PA; Sedman, AJ, 1996)		0.78
" SKF92374 showed strong similarities to cimetidine in analgesic efficacy, slope of dose-response curves and chemical structure, suggesting that these compounds share a common analgesic mechanism."( Characterization of the antinociceptive properties of cimetidine and a structural analog.
Barker, LA; Cumming, P; Hough, LB; Li, BY; Nalwalk, JW; Parsons, ME, 1996)		0.81
" Results showed that both antihistamines, applied topically of dosed orally, reduced sneezing even when significant increases of histamine concentration in nasal secretions were evidenced immediately after NAC."( The activity of recent anti-allergic drugs in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Clement, P; De Waele, M; Smitz, J; Wang, D, 1996)		0.29
" Statistically significant reductions in the AUC0-24 and maximum plasma concentration values were observed with the mannitol dosage forms compared to the sucrose controls."( The effect of mannitol on the oral bioavailability of cimetidine.
Adkin, DA; Davis, SS; Huckle, PD; Sparrow, RA; Wilding, IR, 1995)		0.54
" Histamine decreased lymphocyte proliferation while (in order of potency) cimetidine, the hydroxy metabolite of metronidazole, imidazole and metronidazole, increased the mitogenic response to PHA in a dose-response fashion."( Effects of metronidazole and its metabolites on histamine immunosuppression activity.
Elizondo, G; Ostrosky-Wegman, P, 1996)		0.52
" Hourly dosing with hydrochloric acid reversed the protective effect of ranitidine, cimetidine and loxtidine on macroscopic damage and, histologically, this was associated with the widespread appearance of antral ulcers and a reduction in the proportion of mucosal damage caused by superficial erosions."( The role of acid in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in the rat.
Clayton, NM; Oakley, I; Trevethick, MA; Williams, LV, 1996)		0.52
" Changes in [Ca2+]i and inositol phosphate production exhibit a similar dose-response relationship for histamine (maximal effect at 10(-4) M), with both phenomena being blocked by the H1 antagonist mepyramine and being insensitive to pertussis toxin treatment."( Histamine activates phospholipase C in human airway epithelial cells via a phorbol ester-sensitive pathway.
Barzanti, F; Gruenert, DC; Hrelia, S; Rugolo, M, 1996)		0.29
" Butorphanol nasal spray and cimetidine can be co-administered without any adjustment of dosage for either drug."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between butorphanol nasal spray and cimetidine.
Barbhaiya, RH; Shyu, WC, 1996)		0.82
" Paclitaxel dosage was escalated in 10 mg/m2/wk increments in subsequent patients, to a maximum dosage of 90 mg/m2/wk."( Schedule- and dose-intensified paclitaxel as weekly 1-hour infusion in pretreated solid tumors: results of a phase I/II trial.
Freund, W; Hausamen, TU; Lipke, J; Löffler, TM, 1996)		0.29
" The optimal dosage and duration of treatment with cimetidine have not been established and are likely to be patient-specific."( Cimetidine in the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria.
Rogers, PD, 1997)		1.99
"Profiles of 20-h intragastric acidity were measured simultaneously in 24 healthy subjects who were dosed (at 12."( Inhibition of intragastric acidity in healthy subjects dosed with ranitidine 75 mg: a comparative study with cimetidine and placebo.
Constantinides, S; Grimley, CE; Mills, JG; Nwokolo, CU; Snell, CC, 1997)		0.51
" (i) Daytime (0-10 h post-dose): when dosed with placebo the weighted intragastric acidity was 31."( Inhibition of intragastric acidity in healthy subjects dosed with ranitidine 75 mg: a comparative study with cimetidine and placebo.
Constantinides, S; Grimley, CE; Mills, JG; Nwokolo, CU; Snell, CC, 1997)		0.51
" Methylprednisolone sodium succinate was given at a dosage of 30 mg/kg of body weight prior to myelography, followed by a second full or half dose 2 to 4 hours later at clinician discretion."( Clinical evaluation of cimetidine, sucralfate, and misoprostol for prevention of gastrointestinal tract bleeding in dogs undergoing spinal surgery.
Bostwick, DR; Hanson, SM; Smith, MO; Twedt, DC, 1997)		0.61
" Histamine dose-response curves showed that concentrations between 5 nm and 5 microM increased permeability, while concentrations from 50 microM to 5 mM reduced it."( Regulation of cerebral microvascular permeability by histamine in the anaesthetized rat.
Easton, AS; Fraser, PA; Sarker, MH, 1998)		0.3
" Dose-response relationships to histamine were done in rings of canine pulmonary artery from heartworm and control dogs, in the presence and absence of endothelial cells, the H1 receptor blocker tripelennamine, or the H2 receptor blocker cimetidine."( Dirofilaria immitis: heartworm infection converts histamine-induced constriction to endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine pulmonary artery.
Kaiser, L; Williams, JF, 1998)		0.48
" Twelve healthy subjects were administered single doses of clarithromycin alone and with oral cimetidine dosed to steady state."( Oral cimetidine prolongs clarithromycin absorption.
Amsden, GW; Cheng, KL; Nafziger, AN; Peloquin, CA, 1998)		1.03
" Comparisons of mean AUCs for each 15 min period after dosing showed that decrease in acidity was significantly greater after cimetidine 200 mg effervescent than after famotidine 10 mg for the first 60 min."( Low-dose famotidine and effervescent cimetidine in healthy subjects: a placebo-controlled overnight pH study.
Cottrell, J; Grimley, CE; Mann, SG; Nwokolo, CU; Raskin, S; Reilly, TG; Usselmann, B, 1998)		0.78
"Inhibition of gastric acidity over the 12 h post-dose period was significantly greater and endured longer after famotidine 10 mg than after effervescent cimetidine 200 mg, but for the 60 min period immediately after dosing the effect on intragastric pH was significant following effervescent cimetidine 200 mg but not famotidine 10 mg."( Low-dose famotidine and effervescent cimetidine in healthy subjects: a placebo-controlled overnight pH study.
Cottrell, J; Grimley, CE; Mann, SG; Nwokolo, CU; Raskin, S; Reilly, TG; Usselmann, B, 1998)		0.77
" The effects of a minimum of 2 weeks of dosing with cimetidine, ranitidine and omeprazole were examined."( Omeprazole, ranitidine, and cimetidine have no effect on peak blood ethanol concentrations, first pass metabolism or area under the time-ethanol curve under 'real-life' drinking conditions.
Brown, AS; James, OF, 1998)		0.84
" Whole EN activity was not stimulated even by the highest dose (1 x 10(-1) M) of histamine when the nose was pretreated with saline, but was substantially stimulated by histamine in a dose-response fashion (1 x 10(-2) M) after pretreatment with HCI or H2SO4."( Does histamine stimulate trigeminal nasal afferents?
Kuwahara, M; Sekizawa, S; Sugano, S; Tsubone, H, 1998)		0.3
"These results suggest that, in contrast to cimetidine, the inhibitory effect of omeprazole on AII-stimulated aldosterone production following dosing with furosemide is negligible."( Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II.
Fujimura, A; Maeda, A; Sasaki, M, 1998)		0.87
"In a 1400-bed teaching hospital, an audit (by specially trained personnel) was conducted to monitor inpatient prescribing of omeprazole (1) in preference to H2-antagonists and other drugs according to agreed criteria (Helicobacter pylori eradication, severe reflux esophagitis, rapid ulcer healing deemed urgent because of severe symptoms or complications, high-dose steroid therapy of > or =30 mg/day prednisolone) and (2) appropriateness of intravenous dosing (oral route not feasible or contraindicated)."( Antiulcer drug prescribing in hospital successfully influenced by "immediate concurrent feedback".
Chan, CK; Cheung, E; Ching, TY; Chu, KM; Kong, Y; Kou, M; Kumana, CR; Lam, SK; Seto, WH, 1998)		0.3
"Prediction of the drug level in the volume of distribution was made using a numerical model taking into account the following facts: the kinetics of drug release out of the dosage form along the gastrointestinal tract, the kinetics of absorption in the blood compartment and the kinetics of elimination."( Assessment of blood level with controlled-release dosage forms: effect of the rate constant of elimination of the drug.
Aïnaoui, A; Vergnaud, JM, )		0.13
" cimetidine or famotidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis were reviewed during a two-month period in 1997, and information on demographics, dosage and duration of H2RA therapy, admission date, laboratory test values, and adverse drug reactions was collected."( Using multiple pharmacoeconomic methods to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
Blayney-Chandramouli, J; McCoy, S; Mutnick, A, 1998)		1.21
" The results indicate that dimaprit, an H2 agonist, facilitated retention (25 and 50 pg) with a U-shaped dose-response curve typical of drugs acting at postsynaptic receptors."( Effect of histamine H2 and H3 receptor modulation in the septum on post-training memory processing.
Flood, JF; Morley, JE; Uezu, K, 1998)		0.3
"Based on the small changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of dolasetron and its active metabolites, as well as the favorable safety results, no dosage adjustments for dolasetron mesylate are recommended with concomitant administration of cimetidine or rifampin."( Pharmacokinetics of dolasetron with coadministration of cimetidine or rifampin in healthy subjects.
Arumugham, T; Cramer, MB; Dimmitt, DC; Keung, A; Weir, SJ, 1999)		0.73
" The time to onset of action and the degree of gastric acid inhibition of the H2 -RAs famotidine and cimetidine at dosage levels approved for over-the-counter use (10 mg famotidine and 200 mg cimetidine) were compared."( The action of 10 mg famotidine versus 200 mg cimetidine: onset and magnitude of antisecretory action within the first 2 hours after administration.
Decktor, D; Houle, JM; Pierce, CH, 1998)		0.78
"At Cabrini Medical Center, drug usage evaluation (DUE) and monthly purchasing data analysis were used to determine the indications for which H2 antagonists were being used, the appropriateness of parenteral therapy, the use of extended dosing intervals, and the cost effectiveness of cimetidine (Tagamet)."( Multi-purpose evaluation of H2-antagonist usage.
Gianarkis, D, 1992)		0.46
" Forty hospitals provided data about purchase prices for each IV H2-RA dosage form purchased (cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine), the number of each dosage form used during the 12-month study period, purchase price and extent of usage for supplies, labor costs for preparing and administering IV H2-RAs, and IV H2-RA dosage schedules."( A pharmacoeconomic analysis of IV H2-receptor antagonist use in 40 hospitals.
Ben-Joseph, R; Oh, T; Russell, WL; Segal, R, 1994)		0.51
" Comparison of the dose-response curves between TPA-induced hydrogen (H+) secretion, as measured by aminopyrine (AP) uptake, and the membrane-associated PKC-alpha suggests that translocation of PKC-alpha is not involved in the H+ secretory process in PC."( Expression and characterization of protein kinase C in isolated rabbit parietal cells.
Kim, SW; Levine, RA; Loo, A; Nandi, J, 1999)		0.3
" Appropriateness of dosage could not be determined in 42 (16."( A prospective evaluation of cimetidine drug use.
Andritz, MB; Hamilton, RA; Kowalsky, SF; Platek, TE, 1989)		0.57
" Cetirizine shifted the histamine dose-response at both temperatures: statistically significantly at 14 degrees C only."( Histamine response and local cooling in the human skin: involvement of H1- and H2-receptors.
Grossmann, M; Jamieson, MJ; Kirch, W, 1999)		0.3
" Oral clearance during the nighttime dosing interval was 13% greater than the daytime oral clearance for nonsmokers and 22% greater for smokers, showing a greater circadian rhythm for smokers."( The effect of low-dose cimetidine (200 mg twice daily) on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
Boike, SC; Boyle, DA; Di Cicco, RA; Jorkasky, DK; Miller, AK; Nix, DE; Schentag, JJ; Zariffa, N, 1999)		0.61
"To determine the effects of the maximum recommended over-the-counter (OTC) cimetidine dosage on phenytoin concentrations in ambulatory seizure patients on long-term phenytoin therapy."( Effect of over-the-counter cimetidine on phenytoin concentrations in patients with seizures.
Driscoll-Bannister, SM; Frazier, LM; Garnett, WR; O'Hara, KA; Pugh, CB; Rafi, JA, )		0.66
"It is possible that the lack of change in phenytoin concentrations was a result of the low daily dosage of cimetidine used or other factors related to the "real world" setting of the study."( Effect of over-the-counter cimetidine on phenytoin concentrations in patients with seizures.
Driscoll-Bannister, SM; Frazier, LM; Garnett, WR; O'Hara, KA; Pugh, CB; Rafi, JA, )		0.64
" No direct drug-drug interactions were found in these studies, suggesting that repaglinide may be coprescribed with cimetidine, digoxin, or theophylline at the dosage used for monotherapy."( Drug interaction studies with repaglinide: repaglinide on digoxin or theophylline pharmacokinetics and cimetidine on repaglinide pharmacokinetics.
Hatorp, V; Thomsen, MS, 2000)		0.73
" Subsequent studies confirmed that multiple daily dosing of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) was mandatory for GERD treatment, with clear dose-response relationships for each agent."( Drugs, bugs, and esophageal pH profiles.
Robinson, M, )		0.13
" Flow-through electrodes, selective to chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, propantheline, cimetidine, and ranitidine, have been constructed and used for the dissolution studies of 18 dosage forms using the rotating basket apparatus."( Dissolution studies of drug formulations using ion-selective electrodes as sensors in an air-segmented continuous flow analyzer.
Christopoulos, TK; Diamandis, EP; Koupparis, MA; Mitsana-Papazoglou, A, 1987)		0.5
" If an underlying problem requires long-term immunosuppressive medication, it is wiser to choose cimetidine rather than increasing the steroid dosage to resolve atypical PFAPA."( PFAPA syndrome (Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis).
Chen, LC; Huang, JL; Lee, KF; Lee, WI; Lin, SJ; Yang, MH; Yeh, KW, 1999)		0.52
" A possible explanation for the inhibitory effects of histamine at 10-mM dosage was apparently found in that the effects of the high concentration may be supraphysiological; and furthermore, there is a difference in the mechanism by which histamine exerts its effects mediated by the histamine receptors on the cochlea."( The effects of histamine and its antagonists on the cochlear microphonic and the compound action potential of the guinea pig.
Masuyama, K; Minoda, R; Toriya, T; Yumoto, E, 2001)		0.31
" This newly developed capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was applied for the determination of analytes extracted from plasma taken from a volunteer dosing a cimetidine, ranitidine, and nizatidine tablet simultaneously."( Head-column field-amplified sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis for the determination of cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, and ranitidine-HCl in plasma.
Chen, SH; Ho, YH; Ko, HS; Wu, HL; Wu, SM, 2001)		0.72
" When dosed with placebo, mean daytime intragastric acidity (0-10 hr after dose) was 37."( Decrease of intragastric acidity in healthy subjects dosed with ranitidine 75 mg, cimetidine 200 mg, or placebo.
Hamilton, MI; Pounder, RE; Sercombe, J, 2002)		0.54
"Cimetidine co-administration produced an increase in sildenafil plasma levels; however, this increase is not sufficient to warrant dosage adjustment of either drug."( The effects of cimetidine and antacid on the pharmacokinetic profile of sildenafil citrate in healthy male volunteers.
Laboy, L; LeBel, M; Wilner, K, 2002)		2.11
" pylori eradication (which was possible in 84% of the patients), at the end of the 1-year study period, on an intention to treat basis 62% of the patients could either stop or significantly reduce dosage of their H2RA."( Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on long-term H2 receptor antagonists. Economic and symptomatic benefits. A large prospective study in primary care.
Giaffer, MH; Verma, S, 2002)		0.31
" pylori eradication led to significant improvement in symptom scores and reduction in dosage of H2RA being consumed."( Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on long-term H2 receptor antagonists. Economic and symptomatic benefits. A large prospective study in primary care.
Giaffer, MH; Verma, S, 2002)		0.31
" Dosage of H2RAs should be lowered accordingly."( [What is important in treating elderly with H2 receptor antagonists].
Kurosawa, S, 2002)		0.31
" The proposed method was used successfully for stability testing of the pure drugs in the presence of up to 90% of their degradates, in bulk powder and dosage forms."( Determination of cimetidine, famotidine, and ranitidine hydrochloride in the presence of their sulfoxide derivatives in pure and dosage forms by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and scanning densitometry.
Aziz, AM; Farrah, LA; Hegazy, MA; Kelani, KM, )		0.47
" Weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 67 mg/m2/week was found to have a better safety profile and seemed to be as effective as the equivalently dosed schedule every 3 weeks."( Randomized trial of single agent paclitaxel given weekly versus every three weeks and with peroral versus intravenous steroid premedication to patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with platinum.
Andersson, H; Boman, K; Parö, G; Puistola, U; Ridderheim, M; Rosenberg, P; Sorbe, B, 2002)		0.31
" When HSR was observed administration of paclitaxel was temporally stopped and before the re-challenge additional intravenous dosage of hydrocortisone (200-500 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 mg) was given."( [Paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma].
Emerich, J; Kobierski, J; Majdak, E; Mielcarek, P, 2002)		0.31
"Urapidil at a dosage of 25 mg intravenously reduced WHVP from 33."( [Effects of urapidil and cimetidine on wedged hepatic venous pressure and systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension].
Du, R; Feng, H; Leng, X; Li, S; Zhong, C; Zhu, J, 2000)		0.61
" We showed by theoretical simulations based on the CTC model of dose-response and binding experiments that tiotidine biases the system to a G-protein-coupled form of the receptor that is unable to evoke a response."( Tiotidine, a histamine H2 receptor inverse agonist that binds with high affinity to an inactive G-protein-coupled form of the receptor. Experimental support for the cubic ternary complex model.
Baldi, A; Davio, C; Fernandez, N; Legnazzi, BL; Monczor, F; Riveiro, ME; Shayo, C, 2003)		0.32
" Subjects (n = 12; 18-60 years) received granisetron (40 microg kg(-1)) infused over 3 min, six days before and on the eighth day of dosing with cimetidine (200 mg, four times a day)."( The effect of repeat dosing with cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous granisetron in healthy volunteers.
Youlten, L, 2004)		0.81
" These observations suggested that the metabolism of diltiazem to deacetyldiltiazem was reduced by cimetidine treatment and that the dosage of diltiazem should be adjusted when the drug is co-administered chronically with cimetidine in a clinical setting."( The influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolite in rabbits.
Burm, JP; Choi, JS, 2004)		0.88
" The cats were dosed for 10 days followed by at least a 2-week washout period between trials."( Multiple dose pharmacokinetics and acute safety of piroxicam and cimetidine in the cat.
Chun, R; Corse, M; Garrett, L; Heeb, HL; Hunter, RP; Koch, DE; Moore, L; Pellerin, MA; Radlinsky, M, 2005)		0.57
") dosing in rats, six of eight drugs produced dose- and time-related antinociception on both the tail flick and hot plate tests over a nearly eight-fold range of potencies."( Antinociceptive, brain-penetrating derivatives related to improgan, a non-opioid analgesic.
Hough, LB; Lu, Q; Montero, MJ; Nalwalk, JW; Shan, Z; Svokos, K; Wentland, MP, 2005)		0.33
" However, we report that E-selectin has risen after the cimetidine dosage was cancelled in the cimetidine administrated group."( [An interesting change of E-selectin in cimetidine administration during anticancer drug use].
Imaeda, Y; Kawase, J; Kobayashi, K; Matsumoto, S; Umemoto, S, 2005)		0.84
"Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing cimetidine are reviewed."( Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: cimetidine.
Amidon, GL; Barends, DM; Dressman, JB; Jantratid, E; Junginger, HE; Midha, KK; Prakongpan, S, 2006)		0.76
" To avoid postoperative symblepharon, ankyloblepharon, dry eye, and possible corneal neovascularization after extensive lesion excision, oral CIM at a dosage of 200 mg 4 times daily was administered for 4 months before surgery."( Oral cimetidine adjuvant therapy for recalcitrant, diffuse conjunctival papillomatosis.
Chang, SW; Huang, ZL, 2006)		0.85
" The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the investigated drugs in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms (recovery was 98."( Spectrophotometric determination of H(2)-receptor antagonists via their oxidation with cerium(IV).
Darwish, IA; Hassan, AI; Hussein, SA; Mahmoud, AM, 2008)		0.35
" Efficacy may have been limited by inadequate dosing in some of the trials."( Use of histamine2-antagonists for the treatment of verruca vulgaris.
Fit, KE; Williams, PC, 2007)		0.34
" Repeated dosing was administered intraperitoneally every 4 to 6 hours for 48 hours."( Comparative treatment of alpha-amanitin poisoning with N-acetylcysteine, benzylpenicillin, cimetidine, thioctic acid, and silybin in a murine model.
Betten, DP; Clark, RF; Favata, M; Hernandez, M; Richardson, WH; Riffenburgh, RH; Tanen, DA; Tong, TC, 2007)		0.56
" Because a) the mechanism of action of improgan remains unknown and b) this drug may indirectly activate cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, the effects of the CB(1) antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR141716A) and 3 congeners with varying CB(1) potencies were studied on improgan antinociception after intracerebroventricular (icv) dosing in rats."( Significance of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in improgan antinociception.
Abood, ME; Gehani, NC; Hough, LB; Martin, BR; Nalwalk, JW; Razdan, RK; Sun, X; Wentland, M, 2007)		0.34
" It can be concluded that a combination of mannitol, erythritol, Glucidex 9, Kollidon CL, colloidal silicon dioxide and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate allowed the spray drying of highly dosed drug substances (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, cimetidine) in order to obtain 'ready-to-compress' powder mixtures on lab-scale and production-scale equipment."( Coprocessing via spray drying as a formulation platform to improve the compactability of various drugs.
Gonnissen, Y; Peeters, E; Remon, JP; Verhoeven, E; Vervaet, C, 2008)		0.53
"The regular dosage of cimetidine showed an inhibitory effect on the motility of SO, while famotidine had no obvious effects otherwise."( Choledochoscope manometry about different drugs on the Sphincter of Oddi.
Chen, JZ; Kong, J; Li, ZS; Shi, G; Wang, W; Wu, SD; Zhang, XB, 2008)		0.66
"Three simple, accurate, and sensitive colorimetric methods for the determination of cimetidine (Cim) in pure form, in dosage forms, and in the presence of its oxidative degradates were developed."( Colorimetric assay of cimetidine in the presence of its oxidative degradates.
Amin, AS; Dessouki, HA; Gouda, EA; Shama, SA, )		0.67
"The Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) guidance issued by the FDA allows waivers for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies for immediate-release (IR) solid oral dosage forms only for BCS class I drugs."( The biowaiver extension for BCS class III drugs: the effect of dissolution rate on the bioequivalence of BCS class III immediate-release drugs predicted by computer simulation.
Amidon, GL; Tsume, Y, 2010)		0.36
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
" The proposed method can be used for the determination of the three H(2) antagonists in raw materials, dosage forms and biological fluids."( Determination of ranitidine, nizatidine, and cimetidine by a sensitive fluorescent probe.
Chang, YX; Du, LM; Guo, M; Li, CF; Qiu, YQ, 2011)		0.63
" Successful treatment required aggressive surgical debridement, three times daily voriconazole dosing and cimetidine CYP2C19 inhibition."( Disseminated Scedosporium prolificans infection in an 'extensive metaboliser': navigating the minefield of drug interactions and pharmacogenomics.
Paratz, E; Slavin, MA; Teh, BW; Thursky, KA; Todaro, M; Trubiano, JA; Wolf, M, 2014)		0.62
" The aim of this study was to assess whether appropriate dosage adjustments were made in hospitalized patients with renal impairment."( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)		0.42
" Data regarding serum creatinine level, age, sex and prescribed drugs and their dosage was collected from the patients' medical records."( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)		0.42
"The findings indicate that dosing errors were common among hospitalized patients with renal impairment."( Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Getachew, H; Shibeshi, W; Tadesse, Y, 2015)		0.42
" To conclude, tramadol and M1 concentrations were low and variable in dogs after oral dosing of tramadol, even in combination with cimetidine or ketoconazole, but effective concentrations in dogs have not been defined."( The effects of ketoconazole and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in greyhound dogs.
Black, J; KuKanich, B; KuKanich, K, 2017)		0.94
" These PBPK models are useful to predict the PK profiles of those five drugs in the milk for different dosing regimens."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict drug concentrations of breast cancer resistance protein substrates in milk.
Fang, Y; Li, Y; Zhang, T; Zou, P, 2022)		0.72
" Administration of mirogabalin on a long-term basis is a flexible dosage regimen for patients with PHN."( The Clinical Application and Progress of Mirogabalin on Neuropathic Pain as a Novel Selective Gabapentinoids.
Duan, Y; Li, D; Lu, J; Tang, H, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
H2-receptor antagonistH2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
P450 inhibitorAn enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.
anti-ulcer drugOne of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
analgesicAn agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.
adjuvantAny pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
guanidinesAny organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.
imidazolesA five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
aliphatic sulfide
nitrileA compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (3)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Cimetidine Action Pathway1012
Cimetidine Metabolism Pathway11
Drug induction of bile acid pathway025

Protein Targets (78)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.003245.467312,589.2998AID1705
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency66.82420.047349.480674.9780AID651758
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency46.59090.141337.9142100.0000AID1490
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.09290.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.58490.001318.074339.8107AID926; AID938
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00070.000417.946075.1148AID1346784
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.88320.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224849
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.67170.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency13.80290.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.48710.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.31620.023723.228263.5986AID743223
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.30961.069113.955137.9330AID720538
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.38724.466818.391635.4813AID2107
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.78280.035520.977089.1251AID504332
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.00255.840031.6228AID899
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.09200.004611.374133.4983AID624296
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency2.27940.005612.367736.1254AID624032
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.96720.125912.234435.4813AID1458
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.48390.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.58750.177824.735279.4328AID488949
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.08910.00106.000935.4813AID943
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.01190.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.80290.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.80290.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.57150.002319.595674.0614AID651631
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.80290.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.80290.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency0.75690.060110.745337.9330AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)0.59000.28001.32753.9000AID678794
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)23.00000.40003.10009.7000AID692192
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki57.00000.10001.52203.4000AID680368
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)124.50000.21005.553710.0000AID1442002; AID692194
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)Ki166.00000.55004.26507.4600AID681146
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)2,000.00000.50000.50000.5000AID680339
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki1,000.00001.60005.744010.0000AID680342
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)8.00002.80004.76678.0000AID678785
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00001.18439.6140AID167650
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)422.66670.11007.190310.0000AID1443980; AID1449628; AID1473738
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.06404.012610.0000AID150754; AID681128
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.00022.318510.0000AID150752; AID150755; AID681122
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)507.50000.00011.753610.0000AID428564; AID54923
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Ki77.00000.00011.19868.0000AID589096
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.00002.800510.0000AID1210069
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.41000.04001.09603.8000AID167650; AID167652
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.20004.713010.0000AID150753; AID681119
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.17420.02202.298710.0000AID1285633; AID1336328; AID1433974; AID340249; AID346426; AID625270; AID751879; AID752241
Histamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.06200.00062.197310.0000AID1063783; AID1433974; AID346426; AID625270; AID751879
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)1.02000.00402.15557.2000AID566261
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.30200.00071.02045.1250AID88326
Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.41000.04001.09603.8000AID167650; AID167652
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.01202.53129.4700AID1210069
Aldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki155.00000.00090.46072.3000AID547838
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)492.00000.27004.53069.9000AID682026
Solute carrier family 22 member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)329.00000.18003.68578.8000AID679826
Solute carrier family 22 member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki5.70000.13002.37856.9000AID681574
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.00000.16003.95718.6000AID692196
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)92.40004.93007.39009.9200AID678815
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)Ki53.00000.04004.22979.0000AID679677
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)3.03330.01002.765610.0000AID1848080; AID692195; AID721754
Histamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.00000.00060.478710.0000AID1798265
Solute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)2,000.00002.03004.66507.3000AID678973
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)373.00001.00004.446710.0000AID678970
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki103.70000.39002.32959.4000AID679294; AID681590
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)166.00006.03006.03006.0300AID678805
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki46.80003.09005.54009.1000AID679633
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Histamine H1 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Kd0.95500.00080.12280.9550AID88140
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Kd0.41900.01170.15720.9550AID88140; AID88141; AID88142; AID88151
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)Km60.00000.02891.04072.6000AID771318
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)Km103.20000.34501.32173.1000AID679305; AID681141
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (329)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
body fluid secretionSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
amine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
choline transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
histamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
histamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule developmentSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptakeSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
acyl carnitine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophycGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transductioncGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferationcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell proliferationcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP catabolic processcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
oocyte developmentcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle contractioncGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac musclecGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of oocyte developmentcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cAMP-mediated signalingcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stressATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciolCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D catabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aflatoxin metabolic processCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
coumarin metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of proton transportPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
pH reductionPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
gastric acid secretionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
immune responseHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to organonitrogen compoundPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharidePotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
pH reductionPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule developmentSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretionSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine import across plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transportMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
biological_processHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MAPK cascadeHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic processSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (156)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
amine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
choline transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
spermidine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
toxin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activitycGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP bindingcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activitycGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activitycGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
quinine 3-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 2-hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
P-type potassium:proton transporter activityPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion bindingPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activityPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
P-type potassium:proton transporter activityPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound bindingPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase activator activityPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
aldehyde oxidase activityAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
molybdopterin cofactor bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
NAD bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
FAD bindingAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic cation transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
thiamine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
putrescine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-arginine transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activityMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (55)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 22 member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
presynapseSolute carrier family 22 member 1 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular_componentcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolcGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
extracellular spacePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complexPotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)
plasma membraneHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H2 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complexPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexPotassium-transporting ATPase subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytosolAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAldehyde oxidaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
caveolaSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 11Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (556)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID88027Ratio of potency (3*10e-5M) to that of agonist for histamine H2 receptor, in an assay for guinea pig atria chronotropic response1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Potential histamine H2-receptor blockers. 3- and 2-indole derivatives as immobile analogues of tautomeric forms of cimetidine.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID234825Slope value of the compound1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID78024Inhibition of histamine-stimulated chronotropic response in the isolated guinea pig right atrium at 1*10e-6 g/mL1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 2. Structure activity relationships in a new series of 2-alkylguanidino-4-furylthiazoles.
AID1221960Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID681164TP_TRANSPORTER: ATP hydrolysis in membrane fraction from High Five (BTI-TN5B1-4) cells2001Pharmaceutical research, Dec, Volume: 18, Issue:12
Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein.
AID496821Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID15267Log of (Cbrain/Cblood) in rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3
Development of a new physicochemical model for brain penetration and its application to the design of centrally acting H2 receptor histamine antagonists.
AID176289Antisecretory activity was evaluated in acute gastric fistula of rat after intravenous administration; ND means no data1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5
Antisecretory activity of human, dog, and rat metabolites of fenoctimine.
AID624622Apparent permeability (Papp) from apical to basolateral side determined in MDR1-MDCKII cells2001The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 299, Issue:2
Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery.
AID178935Effective dose required for the inhibition of total acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 31, Issue:9
Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. 1. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activity.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID150759P-gp activity was measured by a direct transport assay, using polarized LLC-mdr1a epithelial cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID680407TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 60 uM, Cimetidine: 1000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, May, Volume: 289, Issue:2
Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations.
AID141955Percentage inhibition for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor at concentration 10e-6 M.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines.
AID414579Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco-2 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Novel peptidomimetics containing a vinyl ester moiety as highly potent and selective falcipain-2 inhibitors.
AID60732Maximum percent inhibition of acid output in penta gastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg, given intravenously (iv).1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 29, Issue:11
Bioisosteric prototype design of biaryl imidazolyl and triazolyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID679824TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCT1-expressing HEK293 cells1999Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Selective substrates for non-neuronal monoamine transporters.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID589096Mechanism based inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2D6 measured by dextromethorphan O-demethylation2005Current drug metabolism, Oct, Volume: 6, Issue:5
Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
AID679206TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 500 uM, Cimetidine: 5000 uM) in OCT1A expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes1997The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-27, Volume: 272, Issue:26
Cloning and functional characterization of a rat renal organic cation transporter isoform (rOCT1A).
AID183686Inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in lumen perfused anaesthetized rats after 1 mg/kg intravenous dose1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Studies on antiulcer drugs. 7. 2-Guanidino-4-pyridylthiazoles as histamine H2-receptor antagonists with potent gastroprotective effects against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced injury.
AID87702Antagonism of histamine stimulated rate of beating of guinea pig right atrium mediated by Histamine H2 receptor1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7
Zwitterionic analogues of cimetidine as H2 receptor antagonists.
AID87861Competitive antagonism of compound at histamine H2 receptor compared to 4-methylhistamine induced chronotropic response in guinea pig atria; + Potency ratio greater than 1.01981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Potential histamine H2-receptor blockers. 3- and 2-indole derivatives as immobile analogues of tautomeric forms of cimetidine.
AID88013Evaluated in vitro for histamine H2 receptor antagonist activity by using histamine-stimulated chronotropic response of the guinea pig atrium1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 27, Issue:3
(Imidazolylphenyl)formamidines. A structurally novel class of potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
AID177057Compound was evaluated for antiulcer activity in rats due to stress after oral administration1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 26, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 3. Synthesis, antisecretory, and antiulcer activities of 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID1221962Efflux ratio of permeability from apical to basolateral side over basolateral to apical side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID692186Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT12011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID681005TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Glutarate uptake (Glutarate: 5 uM, Cimetidine: 1000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes2002Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 62, Issue:1
Isolation, characterization and differential gene expression of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 in mice.
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID88141Antagonistic activity against Histamine H2 receptor expressed as the charge of receptor sensitivity was determined at pH 7.41987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID1135363Solubility of the compound in water at 37 degC1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine.
AID59669Effective dose for acid output in pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dog1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 28, Issue:11
Pseudosymmetry and bioisosterism in biaryl pyridyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID496824Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID496818Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID679305TP_TRANSPORTER: cell accumulation in hOAT3 expressing HEK cells2006The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Mar, Volume: 316, Issue:3
Is the monkey an appropriate animal model to examine drug-drug interactions involving renal clearance? Effect of probenecid on the renal elimination of H2 receptor antagonists.
AID496827Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania amazonensis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID682026TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PHA uptake (PHA: 5uM) in hOAT1-expressing S2 cells2004Journal of pharmacological sciences, Feb, Volume: 94, Issue:2
Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine.
AID183872In Vivo gastric Mucosal protective activity against gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 N HCl in rats. (200 mg/kg, po)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 35, Issue:13
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of N-substituted N'-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propyl]ureas: histamine H2-receptor antagonists with a potent mucosal protective activity.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID624647Inhibition of AZT glucuronidation by human UGT enzymes from liver microsomes2005Pharmacology & therapeutics, Apr, Volume: 106, Issue:1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and clinical drug-drug interactions.
AID681706TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM, Cimetidine: 2500 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HRPE cells1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Sep, Volume: 290, Issue:3
Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter.
AID62974Percent reduction of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in adult mongrel dog after intravenous administration at 5 mg/kg.1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 2. Antisecretory activity of 9-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-9H-xanthenes and 5-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridines.
AID496826Antimicrobial activity against Entamoeba histolytica2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID183685Inhibition of aspirin induced gastric lesions in rats after peroral dose of 32 mg/kg1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Studies on antiulcer drugs. 7. 2-Guanidino-4-pyridylthiazoles as histamine H2-receptor antagonists with potent gastroprotective effects against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced injury.
AID60177The intravenous dose of cimetidine required to reduce acid output to 50% of control value in histamine stimulated dogs1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 30, Issue:11
Antiulcer agents. 2. Gastric antisecretory, cytoprotective, and metabolic properties of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and analogues.
AID679277TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (apical to basal) of Cimetidine at 64.5 nM in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2001Pharmaceutical research, Dec, Volume: 18, Issue:12
Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1511118Permeability of the compound measured after compound dilution in PBS/EtOH buffer (70:30) by PAMPA-BBB assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180A novel class of multitarget anti-Alzheimer benzohomoadamantane‒chlorotacrine hybrids modulating cholinesterases and glutamate NMDA receptors.
AID588992Inhibitors of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, MATE2-K2010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID150752Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, human L-MDR1 expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID26362Ionization constant (pKa)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID59659Effective dose administarted intravenously required for 50 % inhibition of acid output in dogs value ranges from 1.37-2.461983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Conformational requirements for histamine H2-receptor inhibitors: a structure-activity study of phenylene analogues related to cimetidine and tiotidine.
AID150751Inhibition of P-glycoprotein using ATPase in MDR1 membranes2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID692188Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT22011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID59309Acid concentration of histamine stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID681169TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCTN2-expressing HEK293 cells1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 291, Issue:2
Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance.
AID28925Highest effective permeability across hexadecane membrane (pH 4-8)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 44, Issue:6
High-throughput permeability pH profile and high-throughput alkane/water log P with artificial membranes.
AID771318Cellular uptake in human HEK293 cells assessed as human OCT2-mediated drug transport after 4 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
AID26093pKa of urea component measured as proton lost ( a reference pKa for N,N''- dimethyl -N- cyanoguanidine in water); pKa is >11, upper limit of potentiometric method with glass electrode1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Conformational requirements for histamine H2-receptor inhibitors: a structure-activity study of phenylene analogues related to cimetidine and tiotidine.
AID230085Ratio of number of determinations at pH 7.8 to pH 7.41987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID183996Gastric antisecretory activity at the dose of 100 mg/kg in pylorus lygated rats1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3
Pyridazinones. 2. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thiourea and 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID1319973Permeability of the compound by PAMPA assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-cyanoalkyl-, N-aminoalkyl-, and N-guanidinoalkyl-substituted 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potent, selective, brain permeable antitrypanosomal agents.
AID682177TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of benzylpenicillin uptake by Cimetidine at a concentration of 1000uM in Oat3-expressing oocyte cells2004The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jun, Volume: 309, Issue:3
Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID682230TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Guanidine uptake (Guanidine: 35 uM, Cimetidine: 5000 uM) in OCT3-expressing HeLa cells1998The Journal of biological chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 273, Issue:26
Cloning and functional characterization of a potential-sensitive, polyspecific organic cation transporter (OCT3) most abundantly expressed in placenta.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID88096Minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit macroscopic colonial growth of Helicobacter pylori; ranges from (800-1600)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 5. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-arylthiazoles and aryloxazole analogues.
AID1133949Antiulcer activity in albino rat pyloric ligation model assessed as elevation of gastric pH at 100 mg/kg, po administered as single dose 1 hr prior ligation (Rvb =1.1 no_unit)1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Experimental antiulcer drugs. 1. Indole-1-alkanamides and pyrrole-1-alkanamides.
AID167652Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by exogenous histamine1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 31, Issue:9
Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. 1. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activity.
AID19260Logarithm of partition coefficient of the neutral form of compound given for octanol/water solvent system1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3
Development of a new physicochemical model for brain penetration and its application to the design of centrally acting H2 receptor histamine antagonists.
AID1209581Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 5 uM by equilibrium dialysis analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID679677TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E1S uptake in OAT3 expressing oocytes2004European journal of pharmacology, Oct-25, Volume: 503, Issue:1-3
Different transport properties between famotidine and cimetidine by human renal organic ion transporters (SLC22A).
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1511119Permeability of the compound at 25 ug/ml by PAMPA-BBB assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-15, Volume: 180A novel class of multitarget anti-Alzheimer benzohomoadamantane‒chlorotacrine hybrids modulating cholinesterases and glutamate NMDA receptors.
AID91481Binding constant against human serum albumin (HSA)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 44, Issue:25
Cheminformatic models to predict binding affinities to human serum albumin.
AID679499TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCT2-expressing mIMCD3 cells2000British journal of pharmacology, Sep, Volume: 131, Issue:1
The organic cation transporter OCT2 mediates the uptake of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists across the apical membrane of renal LLC-PK(1) cell monolayers.
AID28399Cellular permeability (Pc) (Caco-2 cell monolayer)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Experimental and computational screening models for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption.
AID60178The oral dose of cimetidine required to reduce acid output to 50% of control value in histamine stimulated dogs1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 30, Issue:11
Antiulcer agents. 2. Gastric antisecretory, cytoprotective, and metabolic properties of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and analogues.
AID681037TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Ochratoxin A uptake (OTA: 1 uM, Cimetidine: 200 uM) in OAT3-expressing S2 cells2001Life sciences, Sep-21, Volume: 69, Issue:18
Characterization of ochratoxin A transport by human organic anion transporters.
AID1433974Displacement of [125I]APT from human recombinant histamine H2 receptor expressed in CHO cells after 120 mins by scintillation counting2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-12, Volume: 60, Issue:1
Pyrimidine-Based Inhibitors of Dynamin I GTPase Activity: Competitive Inhibition at the Pleckstrin Homology Domain.
AID1221982Fraction absorbed in human2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID74332Antisecretory activity (total acid output) at 6 mg/kg dose administered in Gastric pouch dog was determined by dose related inhibition of food stimulated gastric acid secretion1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID1285633Displacement of [125I]APT from human recombinant histamine H2 receptor expressed in CHO cells2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents.
AID681337TP_TRANSPORTER: Western blot, HK-2 cells2002Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Sep-01, Volume: 183, Issue:2
Influence of different chemicals on MDR-1 P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line.
AID26066pKa (association constant) value at a physiological pH of 7.41983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID1636268Permeability of the compound at pH 7.4 after 18 hrs by PAMPA-BBB assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 24, Issue:20
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-methyl-N-[(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)alkyl]propargylamines as novel monoamine oxidase B inhibitors.
AID678973TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of ES uptake (ES: 50nM) in hOAT4-expressing S2 cells2004Journal of pharmacological sciences, Feb, Volume: 94, Issue:2
Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine.
AID467613Volume of distribution at steady state in human2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID678716Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID178862Antisecretory activity in a pylorus-ligated rat model1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 33, Issue:2
Antiulcer agents. 4-substituted 2-guanidinothiazoles: reversible, competitive, and selective inhibitors of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase.
AID1264447Permeability of the compound by PAMPA method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 105Multicomponent reaction-based synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic heterofused quinolines with multi-trypanosomatid activity.
AID1223578Ratio of Ki for CYP3A4.16 (unknown origin) to Ki for CYP3A4.1 (unknown origin)2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID346426Displacement of radiolabeled cimetidine from human histamine H2 receptor2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22
cis-4-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-octahydrobenzofuro[2,3-h]quinazolin-2-amine (A-987306), a new histamine H4R antagonist that blocks pain responses against carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.
AID88140Antagonistic activity against Histamine H2 receptor expressed as the charge of receptor sensitivity was determined at pH 7.01987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID678841TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PHA uptake (PHA: 1000uM) in mOat3-expressing oocytes2004Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 32, Issue:5
Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3.
AID681690TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.1? uM, cimetidine: 100 uM) in OCT3-expressing HEK293 cells1998Nature neuroscience, Sep, Volume: 1, Issue:5
Molecular identification of the corticosterone-sensitive extraneuronal catecholamine transporter.
AID678718Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as high signal/noise ratio (S/N of >100) by measuring GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID679235TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (basal to apical) in MDR1-expressing MDCK cells2000Pharmaceutical research, Dec, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Influence of passive permeability on apparent P-glycoprotein kinetics.
AID725597inhibition of human PAD4 preincubated at 1 uM for 15 mins before substrate addition measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3
Novel small molecule protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors.
AID26266Log distribution coefficient between 1-octanol and aqueous buffer at pH of 9.2.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID1135362Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound at pH 9.21977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine.
AID624628Drug-stimulated Pgp ATPase activity ratio determined in MDR1-Sf9 cell membranes with test compound at a concentration of 20uM2001The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 299, Issue:2
Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery.
AID496817Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma cruzi2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID223862Antisecretory activity at 8 mg/kg dose administered intraduodenally in the pylorus-ligated rat was determined and value given as total acid output(TAO) as % of control1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID481446Effective permeability across human jejunum2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID1223571Inhibition of CYP3A4.1 (unknown origin)-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation incubated for 10 mins prior to NADPH addition measured after 20 mins by HPLC-UV analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID59645Cytoprotective activity in rats against the ethyl alcohol stimulated ulcers measured as effective dose; NA means inactive1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 30, Issue:11
Antiulcer agents. 2. Gastric antisecretory, cytoprotective, and metabolic properties of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and analogues.
AID679898TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Vinblastine transepithelial transport (basal to apical)(Vinblastine: 0.004 uM, Cimetidine: 3000 uM) in Caco-2 cells2000Pharmaceutical research, Dec, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Influence of passive permeability on apparent P-glycoprotein kinetics.
AID1209582Unbound volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices at 100 nM after 5 hrs2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID60393Histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain pouch dog at 4uM/Kg, on iv administration of the compound1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14
Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 5. Substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines and thienopyrimidines.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1223572Inhibition of CYP3A4.2 (unknown origin)-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation incubated for 10 mins prior to NADPH addition measured after 20 mins by HPLC-UV analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID1223579Ratio of Ki for CYP3A4.18 (unknown origin) to Ki for CYP3A4.1 (unknown origin)2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID223859Antisecretory activity at 32 mg/kg dose administered intraduodenally in the pylorus-ligated rat1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID576507Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in RBCs by firefly luciferase reporter gene assay2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 54, Issue:9
Discovery of potent small-molecule inhibitors of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum using a novel miniaturized high-throughput luciferase-based assay.
AID681155TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in bodipy intracellular accumulation (Bodipy: 0.2 uM) in SK-E2 cells (expressing BSEP)2003Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites.
AID1909448Permeability of the compound by PAMPA-BBB assay2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-05, Volume: 236Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of new memantine analogs for Alzheimer's disease.
AID678815TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of ES uptake (ES: 50nM) in hOAT3-expressing S2 cells2004Journal of pharmacological sciences, Feb, Volume: 94, Issue:2
Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine.
AID88232The lowest drug concentration that inhibited macroscopic colonial growth against Helicobacter pylori; Value ranges from 800-16002000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 43, Issue:17
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 4. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-phenylthiazoles and some structurally rigid derivatives.
AID467611Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1149787Inhibition of histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in iv dosed rat in perfused stomach preparation measured after 15 mins1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 20, Issue:10
Compounds with gastric antisecretory activity. 1. Phenoxyalkylamines.
AID62976Percent reduction of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in adult mongrel dog after peroral administration of compound at 8 mg/kg1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 2. Antisecretory activity of 9-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-9H-xanthenes and 5-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridines.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID59999Inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion was tested in heidenhain pouch dog upon intravenous administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 3. 3-substituted-4-(phenylamino)quinolines.
AID87965Minimum inhibitory concentration that inhibited macroscopic colony growth of Helicobacter pylori1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 42, Issue:15
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 3. 2-[(Arylalkyl)guanidino]-4-furylthiazoles.
AID1848077Inhibition of Haemophilus influenza HmrM transporter expressed in Escherichia coli KAM32 assessed as inhibition of bacterial resistance to norfloxacin by measuring reduction in bacterial growth at 100 uM incubated for 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method 2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 74Fluorophenylalkyl-substituted cyanoguanidine derivatives as bacteria-selective MATE transporter inhibitors for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
AID195507Percent reduction of gastric acid secretion in pylorus ligated rat after intraperitoneal administration at 40 mg/kg.1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 2. Antisecretory activity of 9-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-9H-xanthenes and 5-[(aminoalkyl)thio]-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridines.
AID1223577Ratio of Ki for CYP3A4.1 (unknown origin) to Ki for CYP3A4.7 (unknown origin)2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID233937Ratio (po/iv) value of the compound1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID62846Antisecretory activity was evaluated in adult mongrel dog after po administration at 8 mg/kg of dose, expressed as reduction of gastric output1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 1. Antisecretory and antiulcer activity of 5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas and 5H-[1]benzothiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas.
AID1133961Antiulcer activity in albino rat pyloric ligation model assessed as inhibition of total acid output at 100 mg/kg, po administered as single dose 1 hr prior ligation relative to control1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Experimental antiulcer drugs. 1. Indole-1-alkanamides and pyrrole-1-alkanamides.
AID496830Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID588220Literature-mined public compounds from Kruhlak et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset2008Toxicology mechanisms and methods, , Volume: 18, Issue:2-3
Development of a phospholipidosis database and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models.
AID1739432Permeability across apical to basolateral side in human Caco-2 cells assessed as luciferase yellow leakage at 10 uM incubated for 2 hrs LC-MS/MS analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200Substituted benzothiophene and benzofuran derivatives as a novel class of bone morphogenetic Protein-2 upregulators: Synthesis, anti-osteoporosis efficacies in ovariectomized rats and a zebrafish model, and ADME properties.
AID692183Protein binding in human plasma2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID176290Antisecretory activity was evaluated in acute gastric fistula of rat after peroral administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5
Antisecretory activity of human, dog, and rat metabolites of fenoctimine.
AID1209593Dissociation constant, pKa of the acidic compound by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID692191Inhibition of human OCT2 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells at 500 uM incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID721754Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-14, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Discovery of potent, selective multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1, SLC47A1) inhibitors through prescription drug profiling and computational modeling.
AID1848080Inhibition of human MATE12022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 74Fluorophenylalkyl-substituted cyanoguanidine derivatives as bacteria-selective MATE transporter inhibitors for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
AID28233Fraction ionized (pH 7.4)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID455986Permeability across human Caco-2 cells2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 17, Issue:19
Computational modeling of novel inhibitors targeting the Akt pleckstrin homology domain.
AID87709In vitro inhibition of Histamine H2 receptor by measuring its ability to block the histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of guinea pig hippocampal homogenate1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID409956Inhibition of mouse brain MAOB2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID231333Ratio of [(apical to basal)/(basal to apical)] (Caco-2 cell monolayer)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Experimental and computational screening models for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption.
AID1221957Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID771316Cellular uptake in human HEK293 cells assessed as human OCT2-mediated drug transport at 2.5 uM after 4 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
AID1223574Inhibition of CYP3A4.16 (unknown origin)-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation incubated for 10 mins prior to NADPH addition measured after 20 mins by HPLC-UV analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID225273Dose required to inhibit ulcer induced by stress in rats1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3
Pyridazinones. 2. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thiourea and 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID21233Partition coefficient of compound in to biological membranes1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 34, Issue:3
Reevaluating equilibrium and kinetic binding parameters for lipophilic drugs based on a structural model for drug interaction with biological membranes.
AID1196050Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells at 0.1 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining-based fluorescence assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID87867Histamine H2 receptor antagonist activity (chronotropic response to histamine) in guinea pig right atrium1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Studies on histamine H2 receptor antagonists. 2. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of N-sulfamoyl and N-sulfonyl amidine derivatives.
AID481444Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID59308Acid concentration of gastrin tetrapeptide stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID29337Ionisation constant (pKa)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID682099TP_TRANSPORTER: no change in tissue distribution in Oct1 -/- mouse2001Molecular and cellular biology, Aug, Volume: 21, Issue:16
Reduced hepatic uptake and intestinal excretion of organic cations in mice with a targeted disruption of the organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1 [Slc22a1]) gene.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID60179Volume of gastrin tetrapeptide stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID60225Evaluated against tetragastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in conscious Hiedenhain-pouch dogs at a dose of 22 mg/kg, po1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Studies on antiulcer drugs. 7. 2-Guanidino-4-pyridylthiazoles as histamine H2-receptor antagonists with potent gastroprotective effects against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced injury.
AID88335Histamine H2 receptor antagonism in isolated guinea pig right atrium at concentration of 1*10e-6 g/mL of histamine hydrochloride1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 42, Issue:15
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 3. 2-[(Arylalkyl)guanidino]-4-furylthiazoles.
AID681956TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 0.85 uM, Cimetidine: 5000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes1997Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Cloning and functional expression of a human liver organic cation transporter.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID88014Dissociation constant of H2 receptor antagonist activity against guinea pig atrium1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 28, Issue:11
Pseudosymmetry and bioisosterism in biaryl pyridyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID481439Absolute bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID496825Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania mexicana2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID620399Permeability of the compound by PAMPA2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 46, Issue:10
Hybrids of oxoisoaporphine-tacrine congeners: novel acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase-induced β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors.
AID1221967Ratio of intestine AUC in po dosed mdr1 knock out mouse to intestine AUC in po dosed wild type mouse2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID178857Antisecretory activity against histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in Shay rats expressed as ED50 value ranges from (7.4-118)1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of derivatives and analogues of 2-(2-pyridyl)tetrahydrothiophene-2-carbothioamide.
AID1739431Permeability across apical to basolateral side in human Caco-2 cells assessed as transepithelial electrical resistance at 10 uM incubated for 2 hrs LC-MS/MS analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200Substituted benzothiophene and benzofuran derivatives as a novel class of bone morphogenetic Protein-2 upregulators: Synthesis, anti-osteoporosis efficacies in ovariectomized rats and a zebrafish model, and ADME properties.
AID223216Inhibition of histamine-stimulated chronotropic response in isolated guinea pig right atrium at 1*10e-6 g/mL2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 5. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-arylthiazoles and aryloxazole analogues.
AID181893In vivo gastric antisecretory activity in acute fistula rats (12.5 mg/kg, id)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 35, Issue:13
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of N-substituted N'-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propyl]ureas: histamine H2-receptor antagonists with a potent mucosal protective activity.
AID624694Mechanism based inhibition of rat cytochrome P450 CYP2C11 measured by testosterone 2-alpha hydroxylase activity2005Current drug metabolism, Oct, Volume: 6, Issue:5
Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
AID1183278Permeability of the compound by PAMPA2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 84Tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine-6-chlorotacrine hybrids as a new family of anti-Alzheimer agents targeting β-amyloid, tau, and cholinesterase pathologies.
AID167650Antisecretory activity evaluated by the inhibition of 14C -AP uptake in isolated rabbit parietal cells stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5' -monophosphate (dcAMP)1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 31, Issue:9
Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. 1. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activity.
AID680342TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in Oat1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2002Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5
Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus.
AID1319976Permeability of the compound at 25 ug/ml at 7.4 pH after 18 hrs by PAMPA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21
Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-cyanoalkyl-, N-aminoalkyl-, and N-guanidinoalkyl-substituted 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potent, selective, brain permeable antitrypanosomal agents.
AID678813TP_TRANSPORTER: trans-stimulation in Xenopus laevis oocytes2003Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, , Volume: 13, Issue:5
Human organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) can operate as an exchanger and mediate secretory urate flux.
AID678806TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake in Octn1-HRPE cells2000Biochimica et biophysica acta, Jun-01, Volume: 1466, Issue:1-2
Structural and functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of rat OCTN1, an organic cation transporter, cloned from placenta.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID29925Volume of distribution in man (IV dose)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID177813Compound was evaluated in vivo for the gastric antisecretory activity in the lumen perfused stomach of the anesthetized rat after iv administration1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 27, Issue:3
(Imidazolylphenyl)formamidines. A structurally novel class of potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID679370TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2003American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, Mar, Volume: 284, Issue:3
Transport of cimetidine by flounder and human renal organic anion transporter 1.
AID236268Fraction absorbed in human intestine after oral administration compound was measured2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2
Exploring the role of different drug transport routes in permeability screening.
AID78484Dose representing 50% inhibition of positive chronotropic response to histamine in guinea pig atrium (5 x 10e -6M)1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 27, Issue:7
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists. 1. Synthesis of N-cyano and N-carbamoyl amidine derivatives and their biological activities.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID19424Partition coefficient (logD7.4)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
ElogD(oct): a tool for lipophilicity determination in drug discovery. 2. Basic and neutral compounds.
AID481442Transcellular permeability at pH 6.5 calculated from in vitro P app values in Caco-2 and/or MDCK cells2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID1135358Antagonist at histamine H2 receptor in rat uterus assessed as inhibition of histamine-induced response1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID624626Ratio of apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side over apical to basolateral side determined in MDR1-MDCKII cells2001The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 299, Issue:2
Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery.
AID681120TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Rhodamine 123 efflux in Caco-2 cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID682269TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM, Cimetidine: 5000 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HeLa cells1998Biochemical and biophysical research communications, May-29, Volume: 246, Issue:3
cDNA sequence, transport function, and genomic organization of human OCTN2, a new member of the organic cation transporter family.
AID88018Evaluated for antagonist activity against histamine H2 receptor and represented as KB.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Histamine H3 ligands: just pharmacological tools or potential therapeutic agents?
AID1223573Inhibition of CYP3A4.7 (unknown origin)-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation incubated for 10 mins prior to NADPH addition measured after 20 mins by HPLC-UV analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID318592Elevation in glycogen level in fasting BALB/c mouse at 11.40 mg/kg, ip after 3 hrs2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis, and in silico screening reveal potent glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitory activities for cimetidine, hydroxychloroquine, and gemifloxacin.
AID183249Inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in lumen perfused stomach of anesthetized rats (1 mg/kg iv)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 43, Issue:17
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 4. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-phenylthiazoles and some structurally rigid derivatives.
AID679259TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (basal to apical) in Caco-2 cells2000Pharmaceutical research, Dec, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Influence of passive permeability on apparent P-glycoprotein kinetics.
AID28236Unbound fraction (tissues)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID678717Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID481441Aqueous diffusivity at 37C2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID88318Histamine H2 receptor antagonism at a concentration of 1 umolar on the isolated guinea pig right atrium.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12
Iodoaminopotentidine and related compounds: a new class of ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the histamine H2 receptor.
AID59668Reduction in acid response to histamine(160 ug/kg/h i.v.) in anesthetized dogs with acute gastric fistula.1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 27, Issue:7
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists. 1. Synthesis of N-cyano and N-carbamoyl amidine derivatives and their biological activities.
AID204449Inhibitory activity against sigma receptor isolated from guinea pig brain cortex membrane using [3H]DTG as radioligand; Inactive1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-05, Volume: 39, Issue:1
New sigma and 5-HT1A receptor ligands: omega-(tetralin-1-yl)-n-alkylamine derivatives.
AID28924Effective permeability (Pe) across a hexadecane membrane (pH 6.8)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 44, Issue:6
High-throughput permeability pH profile and high-throughput alkane/water log P with artificial membranes.
AID236914Permeability Coefficient in hexadecane membranes model2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2
Exploring the role of different drug transport routes in permeability screening.
AID60990Inhibition of acid output in dogs (po)1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID188853Percent protection from gastric damage in rats relative to vehicle control following intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/Kg1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted flavones as gastroprotective agents.
AID751879Binding affinity to human histamine H2 receptor by radioligand displacement assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies in serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists based on fused pyrrolidone scaffolds.
AID77616Antagonism of the positive chronotropic action of histamine in the isolated guinea pig atrium1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide and 1,1-dioxide derivatives. A new class of potent histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID692195Inhibition of human MATE1 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID1336328Displacement of [125I]APT from human recombinant H2 receptor expressed in CHO cells measured after 120 mins by scintillation counting method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 25, Issue:2
Structure-anticonvulsant activity studies in the group of (E)-N-cinnamoyl aminoalkanols derivatives monosubstituted in phenyl ring with 4-Cl, 4-CH
AID150757P-gp activity was measured by a direct transport assay, using polarized LLC-MDR1 epithelial cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID29844Fraction absorbed after oral administration in humans2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Experimental and computational screening models for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID88326Inhibition of [125I]APT binding to H2 receptors in guinea pig cerebral membranes.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12
Iodoaminopotentidine and related compounds: a new class of ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the histamine H2 receptor.
AID692184Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human MATE2-K2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID88329Inhibition of the positive chronotropic response (H2-antagonism) of guinea pig right atrium relative to cimetidine.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 35, Issue:12
Iodoaminopotentidine and related compounds: a new class of ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the histamine H2 receptor.
AID185122The antiulcer activity against stress-induced ulcer in rats by 30 mg/kg peroral administration.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines.
AID182170Compound was measured for percentage inhibition of aspirin-induced ulcers at 10 mg/kg after po administration1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 1. Antisecretory and antiulcer activity of 5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas and 5H-[1]benzothiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas.
AID752241Binding affinity to human histamine H2 receptor by radioligand displacement assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide stereoisomers as novel positive allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor.
AID28912Partition coefficient (logD) (octanol/borax buffer)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Dipole moment in relation to H2 receptor histamine antagonist activity for cimetidine analogues.
AID25362Compound was evaluated for the ionization constant (pKa) by using potentiometric titration (ionization of end group)1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 27, Issue:3
(Imidazolylphenyl)formamidines. A structurally novel class of potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
AID223861Antisecretory activity at 64 mg/kg dose administered intraduodenally in the pylorus-ligated rat was determined and value given as total acid output(TAO) as % of control1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID678785TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 1 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes2002Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Aug-23, Volume: 296, Issue:3
Functional characterization of mouse cation transporter mOCT2 compared with mOCT1.
AID678970TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 100 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999Biochimica et biophysica acta, Mar-04, Volume: 1417, Issue:2
Molecular mechanisms of organic cation transport in OCT2-expressing Xenopus oocytes.
AID15430Log (Cbrain/Cblood) in rats1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3
Development of a new physicochemical model for brain penetration and its application to the design of centrally acting H2 receptor histamine antagonists.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1858750Antisecretory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as inhibition of gastric acid accumulation at 20 mg/kg,ID2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 210Research progress in biological activities of isochroman derivatives.
AID678722Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID135327BBB penetration classification2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Predicting blood-brain barrier permeation from three-dimensional molecular structure.
AID1221964Transporter substrate index ratio of permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID428564Inhibition of CYP3A42009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Comparative chemometric modeling of cytochrome 3A4 inhibitory activity of structurally diverse compounds using stepwise MLR, FA-MLR, PLS, GFA, G/PLS and ANN techniques.
AID236913Permeability Coefficient in Caco-2 cell culture model2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2
Exploring the role of different drug transport routes in permeability screening.
AID680484TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Levofloxacin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Levofloxacin: 100 uM, Cimetidine: 2500 uM) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells1997The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Aug, Volume: 282, Issue:2
Transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs by human P-glycoprotein expressed in a kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1.
AID150754Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1b expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID1221965Transporter substrate index of efflux ratio in human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID176286Antisecretory activity was evaluated in acute gastric fistula of rat after administration; ND means no data1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5
Antisecretory activity of human, dog, and rat metabolites of fenoctimine.
AID1210069Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID340249Inhibition of histamine H2 receptor2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14
Identification of a potent, selective, and orally active leukotriene a4 hydrolase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
AID681139TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in dihydrofluorescein intracellular accumulation (dihydrofluorescein: 1 uM) in SK-E2 cells (expressing BSEP)2003Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites.
AID80446inhibition of the histamine stimulated chronic response in the isolated guinea pig right atrium at 1x 10 e-6 g/mL1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 1. 2-(Alkylguanidino)-4-furylthiazoles and related compounds.
AID178013Effective dose for 50 percent inhibition of gastric antisecretory activity in the 4 hr pylorus-ligated rat1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 26, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 3. Synthesis, antisecretory, and antiulcer activities of 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID1063783Displacement of [3H]Cimetidine from histamine H2 receptor (unknown origin)2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2
The synthesis and comparative receptor binding affinities of novel, isomeric pyridoindolobenzazepine scaffolds.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1134561Antisecretory activity in 5-hrs pyloric ligated rat assessed as pH of gastric contents at 100 mg/kg, po administered 2 hrs prior to pyloric ligation measured after 1 hr (Rvb = 1.1 no-unit)1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 20, Issue:8
Experimental antiulcer drugs. 2. 2-Substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,3,4,6,6-pentamethylcyclopenta[c]pyrrole-4-carboxamides.
AID1221963Transporter substrate index ratio of permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID678805TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of ES uptake (ES: 50nM) in rOAT3-expressing S2 cells2004Journal of pharmacological sciences, Feb, Volume: 94, Issue:2
Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1848075Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli KAM32 harboring pBR322hrmM assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth at 100 uM incubated for 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 74Fluorophenylalkyl-substituted cyanoguanidine derivatives as bacteria-selective MATE transporter inhibitors for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
AID1161578Permeability of the compound by PAMPA-BBB assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19
Shogaol-huprine hybrids: dual antioxidant and anticholinesterase agents with β-amyloid and tau anti-aggregating properties.
AID29813Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID185619inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric secretion in lumen perfused stomach of anesthetized rats at 1 mg/kg intravenously1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 1. 2-(Alkylguanidino)-4-furylthiazoles and related compounds.
AID678967TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999The Journal of biological chemistry, May-07, Volume: 274, Issue:19
Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID178277Anticholinergic activity against carbachol-induced gastric emptying (GE) in rat when administered perorally1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-[(imino)methyl]piperidines as gastric antisecretory agents.
AID62845Antisecretory activity was evaluated in adult mongrel dog after iv administration at 5 mg/kg of dose, expressed as reduction of gastric output1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 1. Antisecretory and antiulcer activity of 5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas and 5H-[1]benzothiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas.
AID60989Reduction in gastric acid secretion under histamine[160 ug/(kg h)] stimulation in anesthetized dogs after intravenous administration1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Studies on histamine H2 receptor antagonists. 2. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of N-sulfamoyl and N-sulfonyl amidine derivatives.
AID588985Inhibitors of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, OCT22010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID12234881-Octanol-water distribution coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 7.42012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 40, Issue:2
Predicting phenolic acid absorption in Caco-2 cells: a theoretical permeability model and mechanistic study.
AID589249Mechanism based inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2C19 measured by S-mephenytoin hydroxylation2005Current drug metabolism, Oct, Volume: 6, Issue:5
Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID59365Acid antisecretory activity against pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dogs after intravenous administration1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID1848076Inhibition of Haemophilus influenza HmrM transporter expressed in Escherichia coli KAM32 assessed as inhibition of bacterial resistance to norfloxacin by measuring norfloxacin MIC at 100 uM incubated for 18 hrs by microbroth dilution method (Rvb = 64 ng/m2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 74Fluorophenylalkyl-substituted cyanoguanidine derivatives as bacteria-selective MATE transporter inhibitors for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID150755Inhibition of P-glycoprotein using calcein-AM assay transfected in porcine PBCEC2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID547838Inhibition of human aldehyde oxidase2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 53, Issue:24
Aldehyde oxidase: an enzyme of emerging importance in drug discovery.
AID26070pKa of heterocyclic component measured as proton gained1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Conformational requirements for histamine H2-receptor inhibitors: a structure-activity study of phenylene analogues related to cimetidine and tiotidine.
AID524796Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID592681Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cell membrane after 2 hrs by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8
QSAR-based permeability model for drug-like compounds.
AID692192Inhibition of human OCT2 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID681122TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID205269Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high-affinity sites on voltage-dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 100 uM1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID1071344Permeability of the compound by BBB-PAMPA2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 731,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines as a new family of potent peripheral-to-midgorge-site inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase: synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and mechanistic studies.
AID648667Permeability of the compound in porcine brain lipid assessed as ratio of compound in acceptor plate to amount of compound in donor plate at 5 mg/ml after 10 hrs by PAMPA assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 22, Issue:6
Novel oxoisoaporphine-based inhibitors of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase-induced beta-amyloid aggregation.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID8002Observed volume of distribution2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID678793TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCT2A-expressing HEK293 cells2002Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Jul, Volume: 13, Issue:7
cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney.
AID1442001Inhibition of human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as decrease in uptake of ASP+ after 2 mins by fluorescence assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-13, Volume: 60, Issue:7
Discovery of Competitive and Noncompetitive Ligands of the Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1; SLC22A1).
AID26267Log distribution coefficient between 1-octanol and aqueous buffer at specified pH of 9.2.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID681385TP_TRANSPORTER: RT-PCR in HK-2 cell2002Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Sep-01, Volume: 183, Issue:2
Influence of different chemicals on MDR-1 P-glycoprotein expression and activity in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line.
AID236916Percentage of mass balance in hexadecane membranes model2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2
Exploring the role of different drug transport routes in permeability screening.
AID1133955Antiulcer activity in albino rat pyloric ligation model assessed as inhibition of gastric volume at 100 mg/kg, po administered as single dose 1 hr prior ligation relative to control1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Experimental antiulcer drugs. 1. Indole-1-alkanamides and pyrrole-1-alkanamides.
AID182438Percent inhibition of gastric antisecretory activity in the 4 hr pylorus-ligated rat to that of control at a dose of 100 mg/kg1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 26, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 3. Synthesis, antisecretory, and antiulcer activities of 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID88142Antagonistic activity against Histamine H2 receptor expressed as the charge of receptor sensitivity was determined at pH 7.81987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID78011Anticholinergic activity in Guinea pig ileum with respect to acetylcholine was determined; ND means no data1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 30, Issue:5
Antisecretory activity of human, dog, and rat metabolites of fenoctimine.
AID680362TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCT1-expressing HeLa cells1998The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jul, Volume: 286, Issue:1
Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa).
AID1209583Unbound drug partitioning coefficient, Kp of the compound assessed as ratio of unbound concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat brain to unbound concentration in plasma2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID1196045Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as disruption of membrane integrity up to 100 uM after 24 hrs by LDH release assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach.
AID29423HPLC capacity factor (k')2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID87703Histamine H2 receptor blocking activity was determined in the isolated guinea pig right atrium against histamine stimulated tachycardia1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 29, Issue:1
Dipole moment in relation to H2 receptor histamine antagonist activity for cimetidine analogues.
AID27167Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID141953Percentage inhibition for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor at concentration 10 e-5M.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines.
AID681141TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2001Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1149788Inhibition of histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in po dosed rat in ligated stomach preparation administered 1 hr prior to the ligation of the pylorus1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 20, Issue:10
Compounds with gastric antisecretory activity. 1. Phenoxyalkylamines.
AID361986Lipophilicity, log D of compound at pH 7.4 by shake flask method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16
Determination of log D via automated microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction.
AID692193Inhibition of human OCT2 A270S mutant expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID28235Unbound fraction (plasma)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID89556Evaluated for antagonist activity against histamine H3 receptor and represented as KB.1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 33, Issue:1
Histamine H3 ligands: just pharmacological tools or potential therapeutic agents?
AID404304Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11
Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID88011Antagonistic activity against histamine H2 receptor from guinea pig atrium, activity is expressed as KB (dissociation constant) at 10e-9 M1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID771315Cellular uptake in human HEK293 cells assessed as human OCT1-mediated drug transport at 2.5 uM after 4 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to passive uptake2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
AID195484Antisecretory activity was evaluated in pylorus ligated rat after iv administration at 40 mg/kg of dose, expressed as reduction of gastric output1981Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8
Gastric antisecretory agents. 1. Antisecretory and antiulcer activity of 5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas and 5H-[1]benzothiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ylureas.
AID194626Inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion in lumen perfused stomach of anesthetized rats at 1 mg/kg i.v. dose1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-29, Volume: 42, Issue:15
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 3. 2-[(Arylalkyl)guanidino]-4-furylthiazoles.
AID680339TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PHA uptake (PHA: 5uM) in rOAT1-expressing S2 cells2004Journal of pharmacological sciences, Feb, Volume: 94, Issue:2
Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine.
AID87882H2 receptor antagonistic activity against histamine stimulated chronotropic response in isolated guinea pig right atrium at 1x10E-6 g/mL.1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-07, Volume: 37, Issue:1
Studies on antiulcer drugs. 7. 2-Guanidino-4-pyridylthiazoles as histamine H2-receptor antagonists with potent gastroprotective effects against nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced injury.
AID496828Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania donovani2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1221956Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID467612Fraction unbound in human plasma2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID19468Partition coefficient (logP)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID59672Effective dose on oral administration was evaluated for the inhibition of acid output in penta gastrin stimulated Heidenhain pouch dogs1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 29, Issue:11
Bioisosteric prototype design of biaryl imidazolyl and triazolyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID681711TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carnitine uptake (Carnitine: 0.025 uM, Cimetidine: 2000 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HRPE cells1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Sep, Volume: 290, Issue:3
Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter.
AID60180Volume of histamine stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID1223575Inhibition of CYP3A4.18 (unknown origin)-mediated testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation incubated for 10 mins prior to NADPH addition measured after 20 mins by HPLC-UV analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 39, Issue:4
Comparison of the inhibitory profiles of itraconazole and cimetidine in cytochrome P450 3A4 genetic variants.
AID59859Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in dogs stimulated by gastrin tetrapeptide when administered perorally1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 26, Issue:11
A deuterium isotope effect on the inhibition of gastric secretion by N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-N'-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)urea. Synthesis of metabolites.
AID28392Apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) (Caco-2 cell monolayer)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12
Experimental and computational screening models for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID28234% absorbed in human GI-tract2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 44, Issue:6
High-throughput permeability pH profile and high-throughput alkane/water log P with artificial membranes.
AID88019Histamine H2 receptor antagonistic activity was evaluated in guinea pig atrium.1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 29, Issue:11
Bioisosteric prototype design of biaryl imidazolyl and triazolyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID88010Antagonistic activity against histamine H2 receptor from guinea pig atrium1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Bioisosteric design of conformationally restricted pyridyltriazole histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID679826TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 100 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999Biochimica et biophysica acta, Mar-04, Volume: 1417, Issue:2
Molecular mechanisms of organic cation transport in OCT2-expressing Xenopus oocytes.
AID692185Cmax in human2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID54923Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A42003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID1221958Efflux ratio of permeability from apical to basolateral side over basolateral to apical side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID76425Inhibition of histamine stimulated chronotropic response in isolated guinea pig right atrium (1*10e-6 g/mL)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-24, Volume: 43, Issue:17
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 4. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-phenylthiazoles and some structurally rigid derivatives.
AID679358TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes1999The Journal of biological chemistry, May-07, Volume: 274, Issue:19
Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain.
AID29359Ionization constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID59372Inhibition of acid output in pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch dog at a dose 1(mg/kg) administered intravenously1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 28, Issue:11
Pseudosymmetry and bioisosterism in biaryl pyridyl competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID692196Inhibition of human MATE2-K expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID87707Evaluated in vitro for Histamine H2 receptor inhibition using the dimaprit stimulated chronotropic response of the guinea pig atrium1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Conformational requirements for histamine H2-receptor inhibitors: a structure-activity study of phenylene analogues related to cimetidine and tiotidine.
AID1264455Permeability of the compound by high throughput PAMPA method2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 105Multicomponent reaction-based synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic heterofused quinolines with multi-trypanosomatid activity.
AID681419TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Homovanillic acid uptake (HVA: 0.2 uM, Cimetidine: 1000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes2003Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Apr, Volume: 23, Issue:4
Rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) is responsible for brain-to-blood efflux of homovanillic acid at the abluminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells.
AID1135360Ionization constant, pKa of the imidazole ring of the compound1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine.
AID589084Mechanism based inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2C9 measured by S-warfarin and Tolbutamide as specific substrates2005Current drug metabolism, Oct, Volume: 6, Issue:5
Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
AID681590TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (basolateral to cell) in OCT2-expressing MDCK cells1998The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 287, Issue:2
Functional characteristics and membrane localization of rat multispecific organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, mediating tubular secretion of cationic drugs.
AID678794TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of MPP+ uptake (MPP+: 1 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes2002Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Aug-23, Volume: 296, Issue:3
Functional characterization of mouse cation transporter mOCT2 compared with mOCT1.
AID681996TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 5 uM, Cimetidine: 1000 uM) in OCT2A-expressing HEK293 cells2002Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Jul, Volume: 13, Issue:7
cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney.
AID231715Ratio between gastric emptying (GE) and acute gastric fistula (AGF)1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-[(imino)methyl]piperidines as gastric antisecretory agents.
AID361985Lipophilicity, log D of compound at pH 7.4 by microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16
Determination of log D via automated microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction.
AID681146TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake in OCT1-expressing HeLa cells1998The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jul, Volume: 286, Issue:1
Functional characterization of an organic cation transporter (hOCT1) in a transiently transfected human cell line (HeLa).
AID87697In vitro Histamine H2 receptor antagonist activity in the histamine-stimulated guinea pig right atrium1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3
Development of a new physicochemical model for brain penetration and its application to the design of centrally acting H2 receptor histamine antagonists.
AID25363Compound was evaluated for the ionization constant (pKa) by using potentiometric titration (ionization of imidazole group)1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 27, Issue:3
(Imidazolylphenyl)formamidines. A structurally novel class of potent histamine H2 receptor antagonists.
AID681997TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 5 uM, Cimetidine: 1000 uM) in OCT2-expressing HEK293 cells2002Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Jul, Volume: 13, Issue:7
cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and tissue distribution of an alternatively spliced variant of organic cation transporter hOCT2 predominantly expressed in the human kidney.
AID236912Permeability Coefficient in 2/4/A1 cell model2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2
Exploring the role of different drug transport routes in permeability screening.
AID185121Inhibition of stress-induced ulcer formation in rats by 10 mg/kg p.o. administration.1988Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[3,4-b]pyridines.
AID496832Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID176449Percent inhibition of gastric antisecretory activity in the pylorus-ligated rat at a dose of 100 mg/kg administered intraduodenally1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 1. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thio amide derivatives.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1442002Inhibition of human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as decrease in uptake of YM155 after 1 min2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-13, Volume: 60, Issue:7
Discovery of Competitive and Noncompetitive Ligands of the Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1; SLC22A1).
AID588208Literature-mined public compounds from Lowe et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset2010Molecular pharmaceutics, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5
Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning.
AID60214Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in conscious heidenhain pouch dogs when administered 1 mg/kg perorally1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 2. Structure activity relationships in a new series of 2-alkylguanidino-4-furylthiazoles.
AID88156Histamine H2 receptor antagonistic activity on the isolated spontaneously beating guinea pig right atrium2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of fluorescent histamine H2 receptor antagonists related to potentidine.
AID60392Histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain pouch dog at 1uM/Kg, on iv administration of the compound1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14
Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 5. Substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines and thienopyrimidines.
AID178846Antisecretory activity against acute gastric fistula (AGF) in rat when administered perorally; value ranges from 5.7-10.81983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
4-(Diphenylmethyl)-1-[(imino)methyl]piperidines as gastric antisecretory agents.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID588991Inhibitors of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, MATE12010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID1713986Effective permeability of the compound in PBS/ethanol buffer (9:1) at 25 ug/ml after 10 hrs by UV plate reader based PAMPA-BBB assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Multitarget-directed oxoisoaporphine derivatives: Anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-β-amyloid aggregation and enhanced autophagy activity against Alzheimer's disease.
AID225128Antiulcer activity in male Wistar rats for 50% inhibition of stress induced gastric lesions after peroral administration.1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 1. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thio amide derivatives.
AID680368TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake in OCT2 expressing oocytes2004European journal of pharmacology, Oct-25, Volume: 503, Issue:1-3
Different transport properties between famotidine and cimetidine by human renal organic ion transporters (SLC22A).
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID496819Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID476929Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID692187Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human MATE12011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID1221961Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side of human Caco2 cells at 10 uM up to 120 mins by HPLC-MC analysis in presence of 1 uM of P-gp inhibitor LY3359792011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 39, Issue:2
Attenuation of intestinal absorption by major efflux transporters: quantitative tools and strategies using a Caco-2 model.
AID1739430Apparent permeability across apical to basolateral side in human Caco-2 cells at 10 uM incubated for 2 hrs LC-MS/MS analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 200Substituted benzothiophene and benzofuran derivatives as a novel class of bone morphogenetic Protein-2 upregulators: Synthesis, anti-osteoporosis efficacies in ovariectomized rats and a zebrafish model, and ADME properties.
AID680330TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OCT3-expressing HEK293 cells1999Molecular pharmacology, Jul, Volume: 56, Issue:1
Selective substrates for non-neuronal monoamine transporters.
AID87945Evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 40, Issue:16
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 1. 2-(Alkylguanidino)-4-furylthiazoles and related compounds.
AID177911Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the pylorus-ligated rat (after 2h)1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide and 1,1-dioxide derivatives. A new class of potent histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID223858Antisecretory activity at 16 mg/kg dose administered intraduodenally in the pylorus-ligated rat was determined and value given as total acid output(TAO) as % of control1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID681128TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1b-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID625277FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of less concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID60987Inhibition of acid output in dogs (iv)1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID150753Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1a expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID59358The intraperitoneal dose of cimetidine that produced a 50% inhibition of the 4-h acid output in the pylorus-ligated rat1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 30, Issue:11
Antiulcer agents. 2. Gastric antisecretory, cytoprotective, and metabolic properties of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and analogues.
AID228172Inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in lumen-perfused stomach of anesthetized rats after 1 mg/kg iv administration2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-03, Volume: 45, Issue:1
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 5. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-arylthiazoles and aryloxazole analogues.
AID26825Acid dissociation constant was determined for the compound; ND means no data.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID692189Therapeutic index, ratio of Cmax in human to IC50 for human OCT2 A270S mutant2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID1196043Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 0.1 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by Neutral red uptake assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach.
AID150758P-gp activity was measured by a direct transport assay, using polarized LLC-PK1 epithelial cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID176750Dose required to inhibit gastric secretory activity in pylorus lygated rats1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3
Pyridazinones. 2. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thiourea and 2-cyanoguanidine derivatives.
AID680960TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 20 uM, Cimetidine: 5000 uM) in OCT3-expressing HRPE cells2000American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, Sep, Volume: 279, Issue:3
Structure, function, and regional distribution of the organic cation transporter OCT3 in the kidney.
AID680502TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Doxorubicin transepithelial transport (basal to apical)(Doxorubicin: 3 uM, Cimetidine: 50 uM) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2000European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sep, Volume: 11, Issue:3
Specificity of doxorubicin versus rhodamine-123 in assessing P-glycoprotein functionality in the LLC-PK1, LLC-PK1:MDR1 and Caco-2 cell lines.
AID409954Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID230084Ratio of number of determinations at pH 7.4 to pH 7.01987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID60000Inhibition of histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion was tested in heidenhain pouch dog upon oral administration1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-04, Volume: 35, Issue:18
Reversible inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K+)-ATPase. 3. 3-substituted-4-(phenylamino)quinolines.
AID24179logBB, log(C brain/C blood)1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-22, Volume: 39, Issue:24
Computation of brain-blood partitioning of organic solutes via free energy calculations.
AID678713Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID624629Inhibition of Pgp expressed in MDR1-MDCKII cells measured by calcein-AM assay2001The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 299, Issue:2
Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID26616Acid dissociation constant was determined for the compound1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Studies on the active molecular species of the H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine and mifentidine.
AID678712Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID681679TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carnitine uptake (Carnitine: 0.010? uM, Cimetidine: 500 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HEK293 cells1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 291, Issue:2
Na(+)-dependent carnitine transport by organic cation transporter (OCTN2): its pharmacological and toxicological relevance.
AID386623Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID681574TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (basolateral to cell) in OCT1-expressing MDCK cells1998The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 287, Issue:2
Functional characteristics and membrane localization of rat multispecific organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, mediating tubular secretion of cationic drugs.
AID771317Cellular uptake in human HEK293 cells assessed as human OCT1-mediated drug transport at 2.5 uM after 4 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
AID59661Effective dose administarted perorally required for 50 % inhibition of acid output in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 26, Issue:2
Conformational requirements for histamine H2-receptor inhibitors: a structure-activity study of phenylene analogues related to cimetidine and tiotidine.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID205268Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 10 uM1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID1196049Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as NBD-PC phospholipid accumulation at 0.1 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by Hoechst 33342 normalization-based fluorescence assay2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-06, Volume: 92Evaluating the risk of phospholipidosis using a new multidisciplinary pipeline approach.
AID588209Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7
Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID771800Gastroprotective activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer at 100 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to HCl/ethanol challenge measured after 1 hr relative to vehicle-treated control
AID678715Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID497005Antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis carinii2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID624623Apparent permeability (Papp) from basolateral to apical side determined in MDR1-MDCKII cells2001The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 299, Issue:2
Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery.
AID184316Inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in lumen-perfused stomach of the anaesthetized rats when administered 1 mg/kg intravenously1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 8, Issue:11
Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. 2. Structure activity relationships in a new series of 2-alkylguanidino-4-furylthiazoles.
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID59311Acid output of histamine stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID28681Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID496829Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania infantum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID679294TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (apical to cell) in OCT2-expressing NIH3T3 cells1999Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Feb, Volume: 47, Issue:2
A transfected cell model for the renal toxin transporter, rOCT2.
AID1135357Antagonist at histamine H2 receptor in guinea pig atrium assessed as inhibition of histamine-induced response1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7
Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine.
AID414580Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side of human Caco-2 cells2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-09, Volume: 52, Issue:7
Novel peptidomimetics containing a vinyl ester moiety as highly potent and selective falcipain-2 inhibitors.
AID1129361Unbound fraction in HEK293 cell homogenate at 0.1 uM by equilibrium dialysis based UPLC-MS/MS analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 57, Issue:7
A high-throughput cell-based method to predict the unbound drug fraction in the brain.
AID678714Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID681168TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Oat3-expressing oocyte cells2004The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jun, Volume: 309, Issue:3
Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID410341Inhibition of water-immersion stress-induced ulcer formation in rat at 30 mg/kg2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Possible involvement of radical intermediates in the inhibition of cysteine proteases by allenyl esters and amides.
AID178922Effective dose required for gastric antisecretory activity in the pylorus-ligated rat after intraduodenal administration.1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8
Pyridazinones. 1. Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of thio amide derivatives.
AID87705In vitro inhibition of Histamine H2 receptor by measuring its ability to block dimaprit-stimulated chronotropic response of guinea pig atrium strips1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2-receptor antagonists.
AID679633TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PCG uptake in OAT3-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2002Molecular pharmacology, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5
Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus.
AID566261Inhibition of guinea pig histamine H2 receptor2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
Discovery of {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol, systemically potent novel non-peptide agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor as analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain: de
AID692190Partial inhibition of human OCT2 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells at 20 uM incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID1173449Effective permeability of the compound by PAMPA assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23
Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines.
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID725596inhibition of human PAD4 preincubated at 10 uM for 15 mins before substrate addition measured after 20 mins by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 23, Issue:3
Novel small molecule protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitors.
AID679537TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Ochratoxin A uptake (OTA: 1 uM, Cimetidine: 200 uM) in OAT1-expressing S2 cells2001Life sciences, Sep-21, Volume: 69, Issue:18
Characterization of ochratoxin A transport by human organic anion transporters.
AID771314Cellular uptake in human HEK293 cells assessed as human OCT2-mediated drug transport at 2.5 uM after 4 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to passive uptake2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 56, Issue:18
Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2.
AID21234Partition coefficient of compound in to octanol/buffer1991Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 34, Issue:3
Reevaluating equilibrium and kinetic binding parameters for lipophilic drugs based on a structural model for drug interaction with biological membranes.
AID496820Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID311524Oral bioavailability in human2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID681119TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1a-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID150756Inhibition of P-gp was determined using rhodamine-assay in human CaCo-2 cells2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-24, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery.
AID188520Antiulcer activity against restraint-induced gastric erosions in rats, following 100 mg/kg p.o. administration.1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1
Synthesis and antisecretory and antiulcer activities of derivatives and analogues of 2-(2-pyridyl)tetrahydrothiophene-2-carbothioamide.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID88151In vitro inhibitory activity against histamine H2-receptor in isolated Guinea pig right atria.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-26, Volume: 35, Issue:13
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of N-substituted N'-[3-[3-(piperidinomethyl)phenoxy]propyl]ureas: histamine H2-receptor antagonists with a potent mucosal protective activity.
AID7783Unbound fraction (plasma)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID692194Inhibition of human OCT1 expressed in HEK-293-Flp-In cells incubated for 3 mins by ASP+ substrate uptake assay2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 54, Issue:13
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.
AID496831Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID28679Partition coefficient (logD6.8)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 44, Issue:6
High-throughput permeability pH profile and high-throughput alkane/water log P with artificial membranes.
AID496823Antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1223490Apparent permeability across human differentiated Caco2 cells2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Feb, Volume: 40, Issue:2
Predicting phenolic acid absorption in Caco-2 cells: a theoretical permeability model and mechanistic study.
AID1713987Effective permeability of the compound at 25 ug/ml after 18 hrs by UV plate reader based PAMPA-BBB assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Multitarget-directed oxoisoaporphine derivatives: Anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-β-amyloid aggregation and enhanced autophagy activity against Alzheimer's disease.
AID588210Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al2010Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12
A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID481440Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9
How well can the Caco-2/Madin-Darby canine kidney models predict effective human jejunal permeability?
AID59310Acid output of gastrin tetrapeptide stimulated inhibition of gastric secretion when administered perorally in dogs1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 26, Issue:4
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: antisecretory 2-pyridylurea derivatives.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID223860Antisecretory activity at 4 mg/kg dose administered intraduodenally in the pylorus-ligated rat was determined and value given as total acid output(TAO) as % of control1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 30, Issue:12
2-Oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives with potent gastric antisecretory properties.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1798265H4R Radioligand Binding Assay from Article 10.1124/jpet.105.087965: \\Evaluation of histamine H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands at the human histamine H4 receptor: identification of 4-methylhistamine as the first potent and selective H4 receptor agonist.\\2005The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Sep, Volume: 314, Issue:3
Evaluation of histamine H1-, H2-, and H3-receptor ligands at the human histamine H4 receptor: identification of 4-methylhistamine as the first potent and selective H4 receptor agonist.
AID1345181Human Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (SLC29 family)2016Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Nov, Volume: 100, Issue:5
The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT): Structure, function, and role in organic cation disposition.
AID1346095Human H2 receptor (Histamine receptors)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies in serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists based on fused pyrrolidone scaffolds.
AID1345181Human Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (SLC29 family)2005Molecular pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 68, Issue:5
Interaction of organic cations with a newly identified plasma membrane monoamine transporter.
AID1346133Rat H2 receptor (Histamine receptors)1997British journal of pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 122, Issue:5
Heterologous expression of rat epitope-tagged histamine H2 receptors in insect Sf9 cells.
AID1224864HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)2016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10
Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (8,840)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19905840 (66.06)18.7374
1990's1809 (20.46)18.2507
2000's735 (8.31)29.6817
2010's370 (4.19)24.3611
2020's86 (0.97)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 98.90

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index98.90 (24.57)
Research Supply Index9.32 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.15 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index189.53 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.02 (0.95)

This Compound (98.90)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,687 (17.81%)5.53%
Reviews542 (5.72%)6.00%
Case Studies904 (9.54%)4.05%
Observational1 (0.01%)0.25%
Other6,339 (66.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (63)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Persona® Ti-Nidium® Personalized Total Knee System A Post-Market Clinical Follow-up Study to Provide Safety, Performance and Clinical Benefits Data Using the Persona Ti-Nidium Total Knee System and Instrumentation [NCT04817969]240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-01Recruiting
Comparison of in Vivo Kinematics of Different Implants in ACL-sacrificing vs. Medially Stabilized Arthroplasty (Implant Design Study) [NCT02965690]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Active, not recruiting
Airway Intervention Registry (AIR) Extension: Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis [NCT03465280]400 participants (Anticipated)Observational [Patient Registry]2018-04-01Recruiting
Metal-metal Articulations vs Standard 28 mm Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Younger Patients. Randomized Studies [NCT01113762]Phase 271 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Active, not recruiting
An Open-label, One-sequence Study to Assess the Effect of Repeated Oral Doses of Cimetidine on the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Imeglimin in Healthy Caucasian Subjects [NCT03618316]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-19Completed
A Pharmacokinetic, Multi-cohort Study in Healthy Adult Subjects to Assess Gepotidacin as Victim and as Perpetrator of Drug-Drug Interactions Via CYP450, Renal and Intestinal Transporters, and to Assess Gepotidacin Pharmacokinetics in Japanese Healthy Adul [NCT04493931]Phase 164 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-14Completed
Postpartum Activity and Expression of BCRP and OCT1 Drug Transporters in the Mammary Gland [NCT06056583]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-15Recruiting
The Effect of Concomitant Cimetidine p.o. 400 mg t.i.d. and p.o. Ranitidine 300 mg Once Daily on Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Tiotropium (14.4 µg) Given Intravenously Over 15 Minutes in Healthy Male and Female Subjects of 50-65 Years (Randomized, Open [NCT02172417]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-07-31Completed
The Effect of Implant Coating With Hydroxyapatite Deposited Electrochemically (BoneMaster) on Migration and Clinical Outcome in Hip Arthroplasty With the Exceed Cup [NCT02311179]56 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Active, not recruiting
Oxford Partial Knee Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Three Implant Types. [NCT00679120]75 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-05-31Active, not recruiting
The Efficacy of Cimetidin for Acute - Extrinsic Atopic Dermatitis Treated With Standard Therapy, a Study of Immunoglobulin E, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-12, and Interferon-Ɣ Serum Levels [NCT04018131]Phase 326 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-03-26Recruiting
Effect of Repeated Oral Doses of BI 1060469, BI 1021958 and Active Controls, Cimetidine and Naproxen, on Measured GFR Via Renal Clearance of Iohexol in Healthy Male Subjects (a Phase I Study; Single-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Within BI Groups a [NCT02202512]Phase 153 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
An Open-label Phase I Study to Evaluate the Drug-drug Interaction of HSK16149 Capsule With Probenecid Tablets or Cimetidine Tablets in Healthy Subjects [NCT05881811]Phase 147 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-03-20Completed
Open-label, Randomized, Single Dose, 2-sequence, 2-period Cross-over Study to Investigate the Effect of Inhibition of the Organic Cation Transport in the Kidneys by Cimetidine on the Pharmacokinetics of the CHF5993 in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02287272]Phase 125 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study on Persona Total Knee System [NCT03495232]700 participants (Anticipated)Observational2016-11-01Recruiting
A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Control Study on Persona Total Knee System vs NexGen Total Knee System in Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT03073941]314 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Active, not recruiting
A Single-center, Open-label Study to Investigate the Effect of Cimetidine on the Pharmacokinetics of Lucerastat in Healthy Male Subjects [NCT03380455]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-09Completed
Post-market Clinical Follow-up Study to Provide Safety, Performance and Clinical Benefits Data of the Biomet Cannulated Bone Screw System (Implants and Instrumentation) - A Retrospective/Prospective Study [NCT04002518]300 participants (Anticipated)Observational2019-08-07Enrolling by invitation
ExploR™ Modular Radial Head Data Collection [NCT00521846]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2007-08-31Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Study: Paclitaxel and Pelvic Radiation for Stage I-IIIA Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Endometrium [NCT00515073]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-04-30Completed
Evaluation of Excipient Effects on Biopharmaceuticals Classification System (BCS) Class 3 Drug Cimetidine [NCT01256879]Phase 425 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Randomized Comparison Between the Fitmore and the CLS Stem in Patients Operated in One-stage Due to Bilateral Symptomatous Hip Disease [NCT03112785]44 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-17Active, not recruiting
Success Rate of Immediately Loaded Implants With Platform Switched Design Placed in the Anterior Part of the Mandible and Restored With Fixed Prostheses: a Randomized, Split-mouth, Masked, Prospective, Open, Comparison, Monocenter Trial [NCT00780273]Phase 419 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
"Effect of Orally Administered Two Successive Doses of PPIs and/ or H2RAs Without or With a Prokinetic Drug, on the Intragastric pH and Volume and Bile Refluxate in Adults Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery." [NCT02703896]Phase 41,920 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
A Migration and Bone Density Study Comparing Refobacin Bone Cement R vs. Refobacin Plus Bone Cement in the OptiPac Bone Cement Mixing System. A Prospective Randomized Study on Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty [NCT00678236]54 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
Whole Blood Metal Ion Concentrations in Metal-on-metal Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Resurfacing - A Randomized Controlled Trial With 5-years Follow up Including 75 Patients [NCT04585022]75 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-01Terminated(stopped due to High early failure rates and adverse reactions in similar devices)
Patient Reported Outcome After Stemmed Versus Stemless Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: a Patient Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT03877315]78 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-08-01Active, not recruiting
Survivibility of the Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement System [NCT00762944]93 participants (Actual)Observational2005-09-21Completed
Effect of Oral Cimetidine in the Protoporphyrias [NCT05020184]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-06-14Recruiting
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization for Community-acquired Pneumonia: Replicated Cohort Studies With Meta-analysis [NCT02555852]4,238,504 participants (Actual)Observational2011-09-30Completed
Healing Response if Peri-implant Tissues to Different Abutment Materials - Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01961635]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-31Completed
Marginal Bone Behavior of Dental Implants to Different Rehabilitation Protocols [NCT01971268]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2014-01-31Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Cross-Over Study To Estimate The Effects Of Steady-State Cimetidine On The Pharmacokinetics Of A Single Dose Of PD 0332334 In Healthy Subjects [NCT00800280]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Please see Detailed Description for termination reason.)
Effectiveness of Using Closed-suction Drainage in Treating Proximal Femur Fracture With Cephalomedullary Nail [NCT04229212]60 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-11Completed
Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study to Identify Biomarkers of Kidney Transporters [NCT05365451]Early Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-04-11Completed
Evaluation of Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class 3 Drugs for Possible Biowaivers [NCT01010698]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Performance of Cimetidine-corrected MDRD Equation in Renal Transplant Patients [NCT00475059]59 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Postoperative Function Following Partial and Total Knee Replacement [NCT00492219]324 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-10-31Terminated(stopped due to No longer have access to equipment used for functional data collection)
A Comparison of Two Total Hip Replacements: Hip Resurfacing System Versus Mallory-Head/Exeter [NCT00116948]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
An Open-Label Study to Assess the Effect of Cimetidine on the Pharmacokinetics of Dexpramipexole (BIIB050) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01536249]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
Safety & Efficacy of Omeprazole Sodium Bicarbonate for the Prevention of Upper GI Bleeding in the Critically Ill [NCT00045799]Phase 3354 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-05-31Completed
Direct Anterior Versus Posterior Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical Approaches [NCT01807494]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-11-30Active, not recruiting
Patient-specific Positioning Guides (PSPG) Technique Versus Conventional Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty - a Prospective Randomized Study. [NCT01696552]109 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-09-30Active, not recruiting
Safely Stopping Pre-Medications in Patients Receiving Paclitaxel: A Randomized Trial [NCT04862585]Phase 2/Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-07Recruiting
ALPHA INTERFERON, TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES, AND INTERLEUKIN-2 IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER [NCT00002733]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1996-01-31Completed
A Multi-center, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel-group Phase III Study to Assess High Dose Esomeprazole Na i.v. Treatment (Bolus Infusion of 80 mg Followed by a Continuous Infusion of 8 mg Per Hour Administered for 72 Hours) for Prevention of Rebleeding [NCT01757275]Phase 3239 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Cimetidine on CD4 Lymphocyte Counts in HIV Infection [NCT00002092]0 participants InterventionalCompleted
The Effect of Potent Inhibitors of Drug Transporters (Verapamil, Rifampin, Cimetidine, Probenecid) on Pharmacokinetics of a Transporter Probe Drug Cocktail Consisting of Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin and Rosuvastatin (an Open-label, Randomised, Crossover [NCT03307252]Phase 145 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-25Completed
Effect of Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) on the Positivity Rates and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). [NCT04834752]400,000 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-05-01Not yet recruiting
In Vivo Determination of Knee Kinematics for Subjects Having a Zimmer-Biomet Persona PCR or PS TKA [NCT04103515]50 participants (Actual)Observational2019-01-03Completed
Peri-implant Health of Dental Implants in the Posterior Region; an Evaluation After 10 Years [NCT05650099]126 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2022-10-06Completed
The Effect of Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization in The Esthetic Zone: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02021331]5 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Terminated(stopped due to Low enrollment so sponsor stopped funding the study (did not renew))
Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Demineralized Bone Allograft and Lyophilized Equine Bone Allograft for Sinus Lift: Double Blind, Parallel, Randomized Clinical Trial. [NCT02865590]16 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
Gait Analysis of a Lateral-Pivot Design Total Knee Replacement [NCT04275362]102 participants (Anticipated)Observational2017-02-02Recruiting
Effect of Intravenous Esomeprazole Versus Cimetidine in Prevention of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Chinese Seriously Ill Patients - a Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Study [NCT02157376]Phase 3343 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
The Incidence of Anterior Knee Pain Between Unisex Knee Prosthesis and Gender Specific Knee Prosthesis Following Minimally Invasive Surgery Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05045651]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-01Completed
Comprehensive Reverse Shoulder Clinical Outcomes Study [NCT03404778]175 participants (Anticipated)Observational2010-03-07Enrolling by invitation
Comparison of Unconstrained and Semi-constrained Artificial Disc Implants Used in Cervical Disc Arthroplasty [NCT05701059]20 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-02-01Not yet recruiting
Randomized Control Trial Comparing Zimmer Biomet Persona Medial Congruent Versus Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty for Treatment of Knee Arthritis Using the ROSA Knee System [NCT05391828]200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-27Recruiting
PPK: A Functional and Clinical Comparison of a Partial and Total Knee Replacement [NCT04913987]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-26Enrolling by invitation
Cemented Versus Uncemented Arthroplasty in Elderly Patients With Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01798472]Phase 2/Phase 3140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-11-30Recruiting
Comprehensive Shoulder System Database Retrieval [NCT03409718]160 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2011-02-24Active, not recruiting
A Clinical Registry to Collect Patient Outcome Data for the BIOMET® EBI Bone Healing System, BIOMET® OrthoPak® Non-invasive Bone Growth Stimulator System, and the BIOMET® SpinalPak® Non-Invasive Spine Fusion Stimulator System [NCT01750840]8 participants (Actual)Observational [Patient Registry]2012-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Slow enrollment and poor patient follow-up following enrollment)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00515073 (1) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 2 Years and 5 Years
NCT00780273 (3) [back to overview]Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level
NCT00780273 (3) [back to overview]Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level
NCT00780273 (3) [back to overview]Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level
NCT01256879 (1) [back to overview]AUC
NCT01750840 (1) [back to overview]Radiographic Assessment of Healing
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding During 7 Days
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Blood Units Transfused Within 30 Days
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Blood Units Transfused Within 72 Hours
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Endoscopic Re-treatment Within 30 Days
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Endoscopic Re-treatment Within 72 Hours
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Surgery Due to Rebleeding Within 30 Days
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Surgery Due to Rebleeding Within 72 Hours
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding During 30 Days
NCT01757275 (9) [back to overview]Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding Within 72 Hours
NCT02021331 (1) [back to overview]Implant Survival
NCT02157376 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With Any Overt Upper-GI Bleeding (Significant and Non-significant) During the Treatment Evaluation Phase
NCT02157376 (2) [back to overview]The Percent of Patients With Clinically Significant Upper-GI Bleeding During the Treatment Evaluation Phase
NCT02865590 (1) [back to overview]Histomorphometric Evaluation of New Bone Formation.
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T1 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Cimetidine + R1 (T3) vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Probenecid + R1 (T4) vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Rifampin + R1 (T2) vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Verapamil + R1 (T1) vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T1 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T2 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T3 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T4 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T2 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T4 vs. R1)
NCT03307252 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T3 vs. R1)
NCT04103515 (4) [back to overview]Lateral Condyle Kinematic Translations - Step up
NCT04103515 (4) [back to overview]Lateral Condyle Kinematics Translations - Deep Knee Bend
NCT04103515 (4) [back to overview]Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations - Deep Knee Bend
NCT04103515 (4) [back to overview]Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations - Step Up
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-infinity) of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-infinity) of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: CL/F of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: CL/F of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmax of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmax of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Cmin of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Minimum Observed Concentration (Cmin) of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) Following Two 3000 mg Doses of Gepotidacin (First Dose + Second Dose )
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: RoAUC of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: RoCmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: T1/2 of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose+ Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: T1/2 of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tlag of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tlag of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tmax of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Tmax of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Vz/F of Digoxin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Vz/F of Midazolam in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Accumulation Ratio Based on AUC(0-tau) (RoAUC) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Accumulation Ratio Based on Cmax (RoCmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Ae Total of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Concentration at 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC[0-24]) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Concentration at 48 Hours Post-dose (AUC[0-48]) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC From Time 0 (Predose) to Time Tau (AUC[0-tau]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 Mg-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Evening Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: CL/F of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Dose-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg -Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) for Gepotidacin 1500 mg Under Fed Condition
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: T1/2 of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose )-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tlag of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg -Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Vz/F of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine in a Time Interval (Ae[t1-t2]) of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine in a Time Interval (Ae[t1-t2]) of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Non-serious Adverse Events (Non-SAE)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC (0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC From Time 0 (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time (AUC[0-infinity]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Renal Clearance (CLr) of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Terminal Phase Half-life (t1/2) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 1: Total Unchanged Drug (Ae Total) of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: CLr of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Lag Time Before Observation of Drug Concentrations (Tlag) of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 2: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose )
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC (0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 3: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)
NCT04493931 (139) [back to overview]Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameter Corrected QT (QTc) Interval
NCT04585022 (4) [back to overview]Metal Ion Concentrations in Blood
NCT04585022 (4) [back to overview]SF-36
NCT04585022 (4) [back to overview]Harris Hip Score
NCT04585022 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Undergoing Revision

Overall Survival at 2 Years and 5 Years

The percentage of participants who are still alive for A designated period of time (2 years and 5 years) after starting treatment. Continual Assessments every 3 months for 1 year, then every 4 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for 2 years, then once a year. (NCT00515073)
Timeframe: Assessment at 2 years and 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
2 Years5 Years
Paclitaxel (Taxol) + Pelvic Radiation9385

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Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level

Incidence of greater than 2 mm crestal bone (mesial or distal) loss. Reported in the percentage of analyzed implants. (NCT00780273)
Timeframe: 12 months after surgery

InterventionPercentage of implants (Number)
Ankylos Dental Implants.20
3i Prevail Dental Implants.56

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Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level

Incidence of greater than 2 mm crestal bone (mesial or distal) loss. Reported in the percentage of analyzed implants. (NCT00780273)
Timeframe: 24 months after surgery

InterventionPercentage of implants (Number)
Ankylos Dental Implants.11
3i Prevail Dental Implants.70

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Effectiveness - Treatment Difference in Mean Change in Crestal Bone Level

Incidence of greater than 2 mm crestal bone (mesial or distal) loss. Reported in the percentage of analyzed implants. (NCT00780273)
Timeframe: 6 months after surgery

InterventionPercentage of implants (Number)
Ankylos Dental Implants.13
3i Prevail Dental Implants.55

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AUC

pharmacokinetic exposure (ng*hr/ml) (NCT01256879)
Timeframe: 0-10 hours

Interventionng*hr/ml (Mean)
Experimental: CimTest-A3896
Experimental: CimTest-B3661
Active Comparator: Sorbitol-free Cimetidine Solution3495
Experimental: Commercial Cimetidine Solution3512

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Radiographic Assessment of Healing

Bone healing was assessed on x-rays and/or CT scan. (NCT01750840)
Timeframe: The time frame for healing determination was not pre-specified. Patients were evaluated at regular doctors' visits for up to 12 months. The physician determined the time point at which healing occurred for each patient at their regular visits.

Interventionpercentage of healed fractures (Number)
Stimulation Group100

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Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding During 7 Days

"Diagnostic criteria for clinically significant rebleeding based on either A, B or C:~A) Endoscopy - initiated by clinical signs of bleeding defined as one of B1 or B2 or B3 and endoscopic verification, ie one of A1 or A2.~A1: Blood in stomach (this criteria cannot be used during the first 6 hours after primary endoscopic haemostasis). A2: A verified active bleeding from a peptic ulcer (Forrest Ia, Ib).~B) A true clinically based definition, at least two of B1 and/or B2 and/or B3. B1: Vomiting of fresh blood or fresh blood in a gastric tube or haematochezia or melaena after a normal stool. B2: Decrease in Hb >20g/L (or Hct >6%) during 24 hours or an increase in Hb <10g/L (or Hct <3%) despite ≥2 units of blood has been transfused during 24hours. B3: Unstable circulation systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg or pulse ≥110/min (after have had a stable circulation).~C) Haematemesis. Vomiting significant amounts (>200 ml) of fresh blood as estimated by the investigator." (NCT01757275)
Timeframe: 7 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No rebleedingRebleeding
Cimetidine1016
Esomeprazole1053

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Number of Blood Units Transfused Within 30 Days

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: within 30 days

Interventionblood units (Number)
Esomeprazole18
Cimetidine21

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Number of Blood Units Transfused Within 72 Hours

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: within 72 hours

Interventionblood units (Number)
Esomeprazole14
Cimetidine21

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Number of Patients With Endoscopic Re-treatment Within 30 Days

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: 30 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No re-treatmentRe-treatment
Cimetidine1061
Esomeprazole1062

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Number of Patients With Endoscopic Re-treatment Within 72 Hours

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: 72 hours

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No re-treatmentRe-treatment
Cimetidine1061
Esomeprazole1080

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Number of Patients With Surgery Due to Rebleeding Within 30 Days

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: within 30 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No surgerySurgery
Cimetidine1061
Esomeprazole1080

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Number of Patients With Surgery Due to Rebleeding Within 72 Hours

(NCT01757275)
Timeframe: within 72 hours

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No surgerySurgery
Cimetidine1070
Esomeprazole1080

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Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding During 30 Days

"Diagnostic criteria for clinically significant rebleeding based on either A, B or C:~A) Endoscopy - initiated by clinical signs of bleeding defined as one of B1 or B2 or B3 and endoscopic verification, ie one of A1 or A2.~A1: Blood in stomach (this criteria cannot be used during the first 6 hours after primary endoscopic haemostasis). A2: A verified active bleeding from a peptic ulcer (Forrest Ia, Ib).~B) A true clinically based definition, at least two of B1 and/or B2 and/or B3. B1: Vomiting of fresh blood or fresh blood in a gastric tube or haematochezia or melaena after a normal stool. B2: Decrease in Hb >20g/L (or Hct >6%) during 24 hours or an increase in Hb <10g/L (or Hct <3%) despite ≥2 units of blood has been transfused during 24hours. B3: Unstable circulation systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg or pulse ≥110/min (after have had a stable circulation).~C) Haematemesis. Vomiting significant amounts (>200 ml) of fresh blood as estimated by the investigator." (NCT01757275)
Timeframe: 30 days

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No rebleedingRebleeding
Cimetidine1016
Esomeprazole1053

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Rate of Clinically Significant Rebleeding Within 72 Hours

"Diagnostic criteria for clinically significant rebleeding based on either A, B or C:~A) Endoscopy - initiated by clinical signs of bleeding defined as one of B1 or B2 or B3 and endoscopic verification, ie one of A1 or A2.~A1: Blood in stomach (this criteria cannot be used during the first 6 hours after primary endoscopic haemostasis). A2: A verified active bleeding from a peptic ulcer (Forrest Ia, Ib).~B) A true clinically based definition, at least two of B1 and/or B2 and/or B3. B1: Vomiting of fresh blood or fresh blood in a gastric tube or haematochezia or melaena after a normal stool. B2: Decrease in Hb >20g/L (or Hct >6%) during 24 hours or an increase in Hb <10g/L (or Hct <3%) despite ≥2 units of blood has been transfused during 24hours. B3: Unstable circulation systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg or pulse ≥110/min (after have had a stable circulation).~C) Haematemesis. Vomiting significant amounts (>200 ml) of fresh blood as estimated by the investigator." (NCT01757275)
Timeframe: 72 hours

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No rebleedingRebleeding
Cimetidine1016
Esomeprazole1071

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Implant Survival

Checking to make sure the implant is stable. (NCT02021331)
Timeframe: 2wk, 4wk, 6wk, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
2wk4wk6wk3mo6mo12mo
Immediate Implant Placement With Immediate Provisionalization321111
Immediate Implant Placement Without Provisionalization222222

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Proportion of Patients With Any Overt Upper-GI Bleeding (Significant and Non-significant) During the Treatment Evaluation Phase

"Criteria for a significant upper GI bleeding as described in primary outcome measure or,~Criteria for a non-significant upper GI bleeding as:~Bright red blood per NG or OG tube that clear after NG or OG tube adjustment and 5 to 10 minutes of lavage with room temperature normal saline or,~Persistent gastroccult- positive coffee ground material~During IMP treatment Day 1-2:~Persistent gastroccult - positive coffee ground material for at less than eight consecutive hours or that clear with at least 100 ml of lavage with room temperature normal saline.~During IMP treatment Day 3-14:~Persistent gastroccult - positive coffee ground material in less than three consecutive gastric aspirates within 2 to 4 hours (at least 60±20 minutes apart), or that clear with at least 100 ml of lavage with room temperature normal saline or,~Any clinical signs of hematemesis or melena or haematochezia judged (by the Investigator) to be from an upper GI source." (NCT02157376)
Timeframe: 1-14 days

Interventionproportion of participants (Number)
Esomeprazole0.109
Cimetidine0.105

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The Percent of Patients With Clinically Significant Upper-GI Bleeding During the Treatment Evaluation Phase

"Criteria for a clinically significant upper GI bleeding as:~Bright red blood per NG or OG tube that did not clear after NG or OG tube adjustment and 5 to 10 minutes of at least 100 ml lavage with room temperature normal saline-or,~Persistent gastroccult- positive coffee ground material~During IMP treatment Day 1-2:~Persistent gastroccult- positive coffee ground material for at least eight consecutive hours that did not clear with at least 100 ml of lavage with room temperature normal saline.~During IMP treatment Day 3-14:~Persistent gastroccult- positive coffee ground material in at least three consecutive gastric aspirates within 2 to 4 hours (at least 60 ±20 minutes apart), that did not clear with at least 100 ml of lavage with room temperature normal saline." (NCT02157376)
Timeframe: 1-14 days

Intervention% of participants (Number)
Esomeprazole2.7
Cimetidine4.6

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Histomorphometric Evaluation of New Bone Formation.

(NCT02865590)
Timeframe: 6 months

,
Interventionpercentage of millimeters (Mean)
newly formed bonemarrow spacesresidual graft material
Deproteinized Bovine Bone Allograft22.8446.2030.94
Lyophilized Equine Bone Allograft22.2050.7727

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T1 vs. R1)

AUC0-∞, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity is presented. AUC0-∞ not displayed for Digoxin analyte as precision was considered non-sufficient. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
FurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)191.291365.8594.14
Verapamil + R1 (T1)176.441147.23116.80

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Cimetidine + R1 (T3) vs. R1)

AUC0-tz, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the last quantifiable data point is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cimetidine + R1 (T3)19.03196.392006.60139.54
Cocktail (R1)15.15194.051532.41129.90

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Probenecid + R1 (T4) vs. R1)

AUC0-tz, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the last quantifiable data point is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)13.52177.961321.20106.69
Probenecid + R1 (T4)14.44483.381331.83238.16

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Rifampin + R1 (T2) vs. R1)

AUC0-tz, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the last quantifiable data point is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)13.61176.851357.3487.29
Rifampin + R1 (T2)17.89211.821473.38303.81

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 to the Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUC0-tz) (Verapamil + R1 (T1) vs. R1)

AUC0-tz, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 to the last quantifiable data point is presented. Geometric mean (gMean) presented here is an adjusted gMean and standard error (SE) presented is a geometric SE (gSE). (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hour:minutes (hh:mm) prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)13.61176.851357.3487.29
Verapamil + R1 (T1)13.71165.801126.2298.98

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Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T1 vs. R1)

Cmax, maximum measured concentration of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole/ litre (nmol/ L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)1.1788.59223.786.84
Verapamil + R1 (T1)1.4284.32179.457.90

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Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T2 vs. R1)

Cmax, maximum measured concentration of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole/ litre (nmol/ L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)1.1788.59223.786.84
Rifampin + R1 (T2)2.55119.66251.3277.00

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Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T3 vs. R1)

Cmax, maximum measured concentration of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole/ litre (nmol/ L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cimetidine + R1 (T3)1.6597.69316.8313.21
Cocktail (R1)1.3593.23258.3311.30

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Maximum Measured Concentration of the Analytes: Digoxin, Furosemide, Metformin, and Rosuvastatin (Cmax) (T4 vs. R1)

Cmax, maximum measured concentration of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) is presented. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole/ litre (nmol/ L) (Geometric Mean)
DigoxinFurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)1.3090.00243.4910.11
Probenecid + R1 (T4)1.13110.64246.7843.29

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T2 vs. R1)

AUC0-∞, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity is presented. AUC0-∞ not displayed for Digoxin analyte as precision was considered non-sufficient. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
FurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)191.291365.8594.14
Rifampin + R1 (T2)215.631482.76320.72

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T4 vs. R1)

AUC0-∞, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity is presented. AUC0-∞ not displayed for Digoxin analyte as precision was considered non-sufficient. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
FurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cocktail (R1)188.111330.47113.78
Probenecid + R1 (T4)489.281346.62244.94

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve of the Analyte in Plasma Over the Time Interval From 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) (T3 vs. R1)

AUC0-∞, area under the concentration-time curve of the analytes: digoxin, furosemide, metformin, and rosuvastatin (at cocktail doses) in plasma over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity is presented. AUC0-∞ not displayed for Digoxin analyte as precision was considered non-sufficient. gMean presented here is an adjusted gMean and SE presented is a gSE. (NCT03307252)
Timeframe: Samples were taken within 0:20 hh:mm prior to first study drug administration and at 0:20, 0:40, 1:00, 1:30, 2:00, 2:30, 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 11:00, 12:00, 24:00, 36:00, 47:00, 71:00 and 95:00 after drug administration.

,
InterventionNanomole*hour/litre (nmol*h/L) (Geometric Mean)
FurosemideMetforminRosuvastatin
Cimetidine + R1 (T3)202.172023.33148.32
Cocktail (R1)200.611540.21139.21

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Lateral Condyle Kinematic Translations - Step up

Lateral Condyle Kinematics Translations during stepping up activity. Data represents the motion of a specific part of the femur bone (in this case lateral femoral condyle) during the specified activity (in this case a step up). The kinematics (motion) is measured from the beginning of the activity to the end of the activity. Positive represents anterior motion of the femur, and negative represents posterior rollback of the femur. Data is only collected at a single time point and therefore refers to the motion of the femur bone during a specific activity at a single point in time. (NCT04103515)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmm (Mean)
Subjects Implanted With PCR TKA1.15
Subjects Implanted With PS TKA2.28

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Lateral Condyle Kinematics Translations - Deep Knee Bend

Lateral Condyle Kinematics Translations during deep knee bend activity. Data represents the motion of a specific part of the femur bone (in this case lateral femoral condyle) during the specified activity (in this case a deep knee bend). The kinematics (motion) is measured from the beginning of the activity to the end of the activity. Positive represents anterior motion of the femur, and negative represents posterior rollback of the femur. Data is only collected at a single time point and therefore refers to the motion of the femur bone during a specific activity at a single point in time. (NCT04103515)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmm (Mean)
Subjects Implanted With PCR TKA-1.52
Subjects Implanted With PS TKA-6.80

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Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations - Deep Knee Bend

Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations during deep knee bend activity. Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations during stepping up activity. Data represents the motion of a specific part of the femur bone (in this case medial femoral condyle) during the specified activity (in this case a deep knee bend). The kinematics (motion) is measured from the beginning of the activity to the end of the activity. Positive represents anterior motion of the femur, and negative represents posterior rollback of the femur. Data is only collected at a single time point and therefore refers to the motion of the femur bone during a specific activity at a single point in time. (NCT04103515)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmm (Mean)
Subjects Implanted With PCR TKA0.13
Subjects Implanted With PS TKA-4.25

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Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations - Step Up

Medial Condyle Kinematics Translations during stepping up activity. Data represents the motion of a specific part of the femur bone (in this case medial femoral condyle) during the specified activity (in this case a step up). The kinematics (motion) is measured from the beginning of the activity to the end of the activity. Positive represents anterior motion of the femur, and negative represents posterior rollback of the femur. Data is only collected at a single time point and therefore refers to the motion of the femur bone during a specific activity at a single point in time. (NCT04103515)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionmm (Mean)
Subjects Implanted With PCR TKA-0.36
Subjects Implanted With PS TKA0.16

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-infinity) of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*picograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg30743.6
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg34456.5

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-infinity) of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*nanograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg24.9
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg47.4

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*picograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg25353.1
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg30842.3

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg85.2

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-t) of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*nanograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg23.3
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg44.8

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours* micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg41.9

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg29.8

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg4770.8

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Cohort 3: CL/F of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg16.26
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg14.51

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Cohort 3: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg69.99

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Cohort 3: CL/F of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg80.17
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg42.16

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Cohort 3: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg13.19

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Cohort 3: Cmax of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionPicograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg1553.135
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg2381.259

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Cohort 3: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg7.867

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Cohort 3: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg10.051

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Cohort 3: Cmax of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionNanograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg5.238
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg6.507

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Cohort 3: Cmin of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionNanograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.192
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.222

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Cohort 3: Minimum Observed Concentration (Cmin) of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionPicograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg44.127
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg77.447

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Cohort 3: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) Following Two 3000 mg Doses of Gepotidacin (First Dose + Second Dose )

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. fe% was calculated as: (Ae total divided by Dose) multiplied by 100 %. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionPercent dose excreted (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg17.77

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Cohort 3: RoAUC of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Accumulation ratio was calculated as AUC(0-tau) after the second dose, where 0 is the timepoint prior to second dose, divided by AUC(0-tau) after the first dose, where 0 is the predose timepoint prior to the first dose. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg1.406

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Cohort 3: RoCmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Accumulation ratio was calculated as Cmax after the second dose divided by Cmax after the first dose. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg1.278

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Cohort 3: T1/2 of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg39.367
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg32.777

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Cohort 3: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose+ Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg9.501

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Cohort 3: T1/2 of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg5.320
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg6.075

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Cohort 3: Tlag of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.000
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.000

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Cohort 3: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.250

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Cohort 3: Tlag of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.000
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.000

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Cohort 3: Tmax of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg2.000
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg1.275

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Cohort 3: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg2.500

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Cohort 3: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg2.000

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Cohort 3: Tmax of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.650
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg0.500

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Cohort 3: Vz/F of Digoxin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 Hours, 96 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg923.75
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg688.49

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Cohort 3: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg959.42

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Cohort 3: Vz/F of Midazolam in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg615.36
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg371.24

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Cohort 4: Accumulation Ratio Based on AUC(0-tau) (RoAUC) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Accumulation ratio was calculated as AUC(0-tau) after the second dose, where 0 is the timepoint prior to second dose, divided by AUC(0-tau) after the first dose, where 0 is the predose timepoint prior to the first dose. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed1.254

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Cohort 4: Accumulation Ratio Based on Cmax (RoCmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Accumulation ratio was calculated as Cmax after the second dose divided by Cmax after the first dose. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionRatio (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed1.103

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Cohort 4: Ae Total of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae total was calculated by adding all the fractions of drug collected over all the allotted time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed293.50

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Cohort 4: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae total was calculated by adding all the fractions of drug collected over all the allotted time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed1334.42

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Cohort 4: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Concentration at 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC[0-24]) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed20.9
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted19.0

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Cohort 4: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Concentration at 48 Hours Post-dose (AUC[0-48]) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed21.9
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted20.0

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Cohort 4: AUC From Time 0 (Predose) to Time Tau (AUC[0-tau]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 Mg-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed37.3

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed2142.4

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed84.6

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed14729.5

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed2293.7

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed90.8

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed15768.2

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed22.3
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted20.4

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*Micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed22.3
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted20.4

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed21.9
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted20.0

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*Micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed21.9
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted20.0

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed91.4

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. AUC(0-tau) can be calculated only for multiple doses and not for single dose as tau refers to the dosing interval. Hence, AUC(0-tau) could not be calculated for Gepotidacin 1500 mg single dose as mentioned in Reporting and Analysis Plan. The results for this outcome measure will never be posted. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg FedNA

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Evening Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed46.7

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Cohort 2: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg77.55
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg155.43

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Cohort 4: CL/F of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed67.26
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted73.50

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Cohort 4: CL/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed68.83

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Cohort 4: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed13.42

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Cohort 4: CLr of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Dose-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed14.61

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Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed5.436
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted5.143

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Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed5.421
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted5.158

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Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg -Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed11.204

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Cohort 4: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed12.363

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Cohort 4: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) for Gepotidacin 1500 mg Under Fed Condition

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. fe% was calculated as: (Ae total divided by Dose) multiplied by 100%. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionPercent dose excreted (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed19.57

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Cohort 4: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. fe% was calculated as: (Ae total divided by Dose) multiplied by 100 %. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionPercent dose excreted (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed22.24

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Cohort 4: T1/2 of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed12.848
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted12.540

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Cohort 4: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose )-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed12.599

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Cohort 4: Tlag of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed0.000
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted0.000

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Cohort 4: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg (First Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed0

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Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed2.000
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted1.500

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Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma - Food Effect in Japanese Participants

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed2.000
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted1.500

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Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the First Dose of 3000 mg -Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed2.000

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Cohort 4: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma After the Second Dose of 3000 mg (Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed2.000

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Cohort 4: Vz/F of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed1246.70
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted1329.83

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Cohort 4: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)-Fed State

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 minutes, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 minutes, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed1251.05

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Cohort 1: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine in a Time Interval (Ae[t1-t2]) of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae(t1-t2) measured the amount of drug excreted in urine at defined time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

,
InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Ae (0-2), n=14, 13Ae (2-4), n=14, 12Ae (4-6), n=14, 13Ae (6-8); n=14, 13Ae (8-12), n=12, 13Ae (12-24), n=14, 13Ae (24-36), n=14, 13Ae (36-48), n=14, 13
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg28.6689.1850.5234.3829.9025.4410.884.50
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mgNA142.9982.7746.2230.9722.048.764.08

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the QTc interval. Number of participants with any increase of >450 milliseconds in corrected QT interval using the QTcB Interval and QTcF Interval has been reported. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
QTcB IntervalQTcF Interval
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg30
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg41

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any serious adverse event that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situations as per Medical or scientific judgment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any SAEAny non-SAE
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg00
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg00

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including ALT, Albumin, Alk Phos, AST, Bilirubin, Calcium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Direct Bilirubin, Glucose, Magnesium, Potassium, Protein, Sodium, BUN. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT; To LowALT; To Normal or No ChangeALT; To HighAlbumin; To LowAlbumin; To Normal or No ChangeAlbumin; To HighAlk Phos; To LowAlk Phos; To Normal or No ChangeAlk Phos; To HighAST; To LowAST; To Normal or No ChangeAST; To HighBilirubin; To LowBilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To HighCalcium; To LowCalcium; To Normal or No ChangeCalcium; To HighCarbon Dioxide; To LowCarbon Dioxide; To Normal or No ChangeCarbon Dioxide; To HighChloride; To LowChloride; To Normal or No ChangeChloride; To HighCreatine Kinase; To LowCreatine Kinase; To Normal or No ChangeCreatine Kinase; To HighCreatinine; To LowCreatinine; To Normal or No ChangeCreatinine; To HighDirect Bilirubin; To LowDirect Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeDirect Bilirubin; To HighGlucose; To LowGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To HighMagnesium; To LowMagnesium; To Normal or No ChangeMagnesium; To HighPotassium; To LowPotassium; To Normal or No ChangePotassium; To HighProtein; To LowProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To HighSodium; To LowSodium; To Normal or No ChangeSodium; To HighBUN; To LowBUN; To Normal or No ChangeBUN; To High
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg01400140014001400140014011300140113001400140014001400140014001400140
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg01121120013001211120013001300121013001030130013001300121013001300130

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of hematology parameters including Basophils, Eosinophils, MCH, MCV, Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100 %. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basophils; To LowBasophils; To Normal or No ChangeBasophils; To HighEosinophils; To LowEosinophils; To Normal or No ChangeEosinophils; To HighMCH; To LowMCH; To Normal or No ChangeMCH; To HighMCV; To LowMCV; To Normal or No ChangeMCV; To HighErythrocytes; To LowErythrocytes; To Normal or No ChangeErythrocytes; To HighHematocrit; To LowHematocrit; To Normal or No ChangeHematocrit; To HighHemoglobin; To LowHemoglobin; To Normal or No ChangeHemoglobin; To HighLeukocytes; To LowLeukocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocytes; To HighLymphocytes; To LowLymphocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLymphocytes; To HighMonocytes; To LowMonocytes; To Normal or No ChangeMonocytes; To HighNeutrophils; To LowNeutrophils; To Normal or No ChangeNeutrophils; To HighPlatelets; To LowPlatelets; To Normal or No ChangePlatelets; To High
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg014001400140013101400131014001310140013101310140
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg011201300130013021101120013001300121013011200130

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points for the analysis of urinalysis parameters including pH of urine, presence of glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, leukocyte esterase in urine by dipstick. Specific gravity of urine was measured by microscopic examination. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal, high, or abnormal), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant has values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To AbnormalGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To AbnormalKetones; To Normal or No ChangeKetones; To AbnormalLeukocyte Esterase; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocyte Esterase; To AbnormalNitrite; To Normal or No ChangeNitrite; To AbnormalOccult Blood; To Normal or No ChangeOccult Blood; To AbnormalProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To AbnormalpH; To LowpH; To Normal or No ChangepH; To HighSpecific Gravity; To LowSpecific Gravity; To Normal or No ChangeSpecific Gravity; To High
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg14014014012214013114001400131
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg13013013013013011213001300130

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Cohort 1: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Vital signs including SBP, DBP and pulse rate were measured in a semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, were recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 17 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DBP; To LowDBP; To Normal or No ChangeDBP; To HighSBP; To LowSBP; To Normal or No ChangeSBP; To HighPulse rate; To LowPulse rate; To Normal or No ChangePulse rate; To High
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg014001400140
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg013001300130

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Cohort 2: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae(t1-t2) measured the amount of drug excreted in urine at defined time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

,
InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Ae (0-2)Ae (2-4)Ae (4-6)Ae (6-8)Ae (8-12)Ae (12-24)Ae (24-36)Ae (36-48)
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mgNA55.8121.6613.829.1911.514.742.75
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg12.6779.8467.4833.9227.5921.1711.043.61

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the QTc interval. Number of participants with any increase of >450 milliseconds in corrected QT interval using the QTcB Interval and QTcF Interval has been reported. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
QTcB IntervalQTcF Interval
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg20
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg21

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any serious adverse event that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situations as per Medical or scientific judgment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any SAEAny non-SAE
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg03
Cohort 2: Period 2 (Days 1 to 7) Rifampicin 600 mg02
Cohort 2: Period 2 (Days 8 to 9) Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg02

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including ALT, Albumin, Alk Phos, AST, Bilirubin, Calcium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Direct Bilirubin, Glucose, Magnesium, Potassium, Protein, Sodium, BUN. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT; To LowALT; To Normal or No ChangeALT; To HighAlbumin; To LowAlbumin; To Normal or No ChangeAlbumin; To HighAlk Phos; To LowAlk Phos; To Normal or No ChangeAlk Phos; To HighAST; To LowAST; To Normal or No ChangeAST; To HighBilirubin; To LowBilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To HighCalcium; To LowCalcium; To Normal or No ChangeCalcium; To HighCarbon Dioxide; To LowCarbon Dioxide; To Normal or No ChangeCarbon Dioxide; To HighChloride; To LowChloride; To Normal or No ChangeChloride; To HighCreatine Kinase; To LowCreatine Kinase; To Normal or No ChangeCreatine Kinase; To HighCreatinine; To LowCreatinine; To Normal or No ChangeCreatinine; To HighDirect Bilirubin; To LowDirect Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeDirect Bilirubin; To HighGlucose; To LowGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To HighMagnesium; To LowMagnesium; To Normal or No ChangeMagnesium; To HighPotassium; To LowPotassium; To Normal or No ChangePotassium; To HighProtein; To LowProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To HighSodium; To LowSodium; To Normal or No ChangeSodium; To HighBUN; To LowBUN; To Normal or No ChangeBUN; To High
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg01700170017001700170017001700170017001610170017001700161017001700170
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg01520170017001612150017031400170017001610170016101700152017001700170

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of hematology parameters including Basophils, Eosinophils, MCH, MCV, Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basophils; To LowBasophils; To Normal or No ChangeBasophils; To HighEosinophils; To LowEosinophils; To Normal or No ChangeEosinophils; To HighMCH; To LowMCH; To Normal or No ChangeMCH; To HighMCV; To LowMCV; To Normal or No ChangeMCV; To HighErythrocytes; To LowErythrocytes; To Normal or No ChangeErythrocytes; To HighHematocrit; To LowHematocrit; To Normal or No ChangeHematocrit; To HighHemoglobin; To LowHemoglobin; To Normal or No ChangeHemoglobin; To HighLeukocytes; To LowLeukocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocytes; To HighLymphocytes; To LowLymphocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLymphocytes; To HighMonocytes; To LowMonocytes; To Normal or No ChangeMonocytes; To HighNeutrophils; To LowNeutrophils; To Normal or No ChangeNeutrophils; To HighPlatelets; To LowPlatelets; To Normal or No ChangePlatelets; To High
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg017001520170017001700143017001700170115101700170
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg016101430170017001700152017011600152314041300161

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points for the analysis of urinalysis parameters including pH of urine, presence of glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, leukocyte esterase in urine by dipstick. Specific gravity of urine was measured by microscopic examination. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal, high, or abnormal), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant has values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To AbnormalGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To AbnormalKetones; To Normal or No ChangeKetones; To AbnormalLeukocyte Esterase; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocyte Esterase; To AbnormalNitrite; To Normal or No ChangeNitrite; To AbnormalOccult Blood; To Normal or No ChangeOccult Blood; To AbnormalProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To AbnormalpH; To LowpH; To Normal or No ChangepH; To HighSpecific Gravity; To LowSpecific Gravity; To Normal or No ChangeSpecific Gravity; To High
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg17017017016117017017001700143
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg16016016014215114216001600151

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Cohort 2: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Vital signs including SBP, DBP and pulse rate were measured in a semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, were recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 26 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DBP; To LowDBP; To Normal or No ChangeDBP; To HighSBP; To LowSBP; To Normal or No ChangeSBP; To HighPulse rate; To LowPulse rate; To Normal or No ChangePulse rate; To High
Cohort 2: Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg016101700170
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg014001400140

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Cohort 3: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine in a Time Interval (Ae[t1-t2]) of Gepotidacin Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae(t1-t2) measured the amount of drug excreted in urine at defined time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Ae (0-2), n=17Ae (2-4), n=18Ae (4-6), n=16Ae (6-8); n=16Ae (8-12), n=18Ae (12-14), n=17Ae (14-16), n=15Ae (16-18), n=14Ae (18-20), n=15Ae (20-24), n=17Ae (24-36), n=18Ae (36-48); n=18Ae (48-60), n=18
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mgNA117.61103.1170.9867.4264.49142.36146.8993.0574.4470.0120.168.51

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline ECG Parameter QTc Interval

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the QTc interval. Number of participants with any increase of >450 milliseconds in corrected QT interval using the QTcB Interval and QTcF Interval has been reported. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
QTcB IntervalQTcF Interval
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg20
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg50

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With SAE and Non-SAE

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any serious adverse event that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situations as per Medical or scientific judgment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any SAEAny non-SAE
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg01
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg011

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including ALT, Albumin, Alk Phos, AST, Bilirubin, Calcium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Direct Bilirubin, Glucose, Magnesium, Potassium, Protein, Sodium, BUN. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT; To LowALT; To Normal or No ChangeALT; To HighAlbumin; To LowAlbumin; To Normal or No ChangeAlbumin; To HighAlk Phos; To LowAlk Phos; To Normal or No ChangeAlk Phos; To HighAST; To LowAST; To Normal or No ChangeAST; To HighBilirubin; To LowBilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To HighCalcium; To LowCalcium; To Normal or No ChangeCalcium; To HighCarbon Dioxide; To LowCarbon Dioxide; To Normal or No ChangeCarbon Dioxide; To HighChloride; To LowChloride; To Normal or No ChangeChloride; To HighCreatine Kinase; To LowCreatine Kinase; To Normal or No ChangeCreatine Kinase; To HighCreatinine; To LowCreatinine; To Normal or No ChangeCreatinine; To HighDirect Bilirubin; To LowDirect Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeDirect Bilirubin; To HighGlucose; To LowGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To HighMagnesium; To LowMagnesium; To Normal or No ChangeMagnesium; To HighPotassium; To LowPotassium; To Normal or No ChangePotassium; To HighProtein; To LowProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To HighSodium; To LowSodium; To Normal or No ChangeSodium; To HighBUN; To LowBUN; To Normal or No ChangeBUN; To High
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg01901180019001810190118001900190018101900190019001900181019001900190
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg01710171018001800180117001800171018001800180018001800180018001801170

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of hematology parameters including Basophils, Eosinophils, MCH, MCV, Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basophils; To LowBasophils; To Normal or No ChangeBasophils; To HighEosinophils; To LowEosinophils; To Normal or No ChangeEosinophils; To HighMCH; To LowMCH; To Normal or No ChangeMCH; To HighMCV; To LowMCV; To Normal or No ChangeMCV; To HighErythrocytes; To LowErythrocytes; To Normal or No ChangeErythrocytes; To HighHematocrit; To LowHematocrit; To Normal or No ChangeHematocrit; To HighHemoglobin; To LowHemoglobin; To Normal or No ChangeHemoglobin; To HighLeukocytes; To LowLeukocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocytes; To HighLymphocytes; To LowLymphocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLymphocytes; To HighMonocytes; To LowMonocytes; To Normal or No ChangeMonocytes; To HighNeutrophils; To LowNeutrophils; To Normal or No ChangeNeutrophils; To HighPlatelets; To LowPlatelets; To Normal or No ChangePlatelets; To High
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg019001900190018121701171018101900190018101900190
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg018001620180018011702142115201710171117001710180

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points for the analysis of urinalysis parameters including pH of urine, presence of glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, leukocyte esterase in urine by dipstick. Specific gravity of urine was measured by microscopic examination. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal, high, or abnormal), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant has values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To AbnormalGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To AbnormalKetones; To Normal or No ChangeKetones; To AbnormalLeukocyte Esterase; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocyte Esterase; To AbnormalNitrite; To Normal or No ChangeNitrite; To AbnormalOccult Blood; To Normal or No ChangeOccult Blood; To AbnormalProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To AbnormalpH; To LowpH; To Normal or No ChangepH; To HighSpecific Gravity; To LowSpecific Gravity; To Normal or No ChanSpecific Gravity; To High
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg19019016313619014516301900163
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg18018017113518013516201800108

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Cohort 3: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Vital signs including SBP, DBP and pulse rate were measured in a semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, were recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 30 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DBP; To LowDBP; To Normal or No ChangeDBP; To HighSBP; To LowSBP; To Normal or No ChangeSBP; To HighPulse rate; To LowPulse rate; To Normal or No ChangePulse rate; To High
Cohort 3: Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg019001900190
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg018001800180

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Cohort 4: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin Following Single Dose of 1500 mg Under Fed Condition in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae(t1-t2) measured the amount of drug excreted in urine at defined time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Ae (0-2)Ae (2-4)Ae (4-6)Ae (6-8)Ae (8-12)Ae (12-24)Ae (24-36)Ae (36-48)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg FedNA102.2360.0531.6116.5117.165.724.28

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Cohort 4: Ae(t1-t2) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae(t1-t2) measured the amount of drug excreted in urine at defined time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Ae (0-2); n=11Ae (2-4); n=10Ae (4-6); n=11Ae (6-8); n=11Ae (8-12); n=11Ae (12-14); n=11Ae (14-16); n=11Ae (16-18); n=11Ae (18-20); n=11Ae (20-24); n=11Ae (24-36); n=11Ae (36-48); n=11Ae (48-60); n=10
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg FedNA221.19103.6867.5865.06112.83174.62136.6690.8180.5457.6214.479.67

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Cohort 1: Apparent Oral Clearance (CL/F) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg72.72
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg64.14

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and Non-serious Adverse Events (Non-SAE)

An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. An SAE is defined as any serious adverse event that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situations as per Medical or scientific judgment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any SAEAny non-SAE
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted02
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed01
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed04
Cohort 4: Placebo00

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase (Alk Phos), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Bilirubin, Calcium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, Creatine Kinase, Creatinine, Direct Bilirubin, Glucose, Magnesium, Potassium, Protein, Sodium, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT; To LowALT; To Normal or No ChangeALT; To HighAlbumin; To LowAlbumin; To Normal or No ChangeAlbumin; To HighAlk Phos; To LowAlk Phos; To Normal or No ChangeAlk Phos; To HighAST; To LowAST; To Normal or No ChangeAST; To HighBilirubin; To LowBilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To HighCalcium; To LowCalcium; To Normal or No ChangeCalcium; To HighCarbon Dioxide; To LowCarbon Dioxide; To Normal or No ChangeCarbon Dioxide; To HighChloride; To LowChloride; To Normal or No ChangeChloride; To HighCreatine Kinase; To LowCreatine Kinase; To Normal or No ChangeCreatine Kinase; To HighCreatinine; To LowCreatinine; To Normal or No ChangeCreatinine;To HighDirect Bilirubin; To LowDirect Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeDirect Bilirubin; To HighGlucose; To LowGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To HighMagnesium; To LowMagnesium; To Normal or No ChangeMagnesium; To HighPotassium; To LowPotassium; To Normal or No ChangePotassium; To HighProtein; To LowProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To HighSodium; To LowSodium; To Normal or No ChangeSodium; To HighBUN; To LowBUN; To Normal or No ChangeBUN; To High
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted01100110011001100110011011000110011001100110011001100110011001100110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed01100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed0110011001100110011001100110011019101100110011001100110011001100110
Cohort 4: Placebo030120030030021030030030120030021030030021030030030

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for analysis of hematology parameters including Basophils, Eosinophils, Erythrocyte Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Erythrocyte Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Platelets. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose laboratory (lab) value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100 (%). High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Basophils; To LowBasophils; To Normal or No ChangeBasophils; To HighEosinophils; To LowEosinophils; To Normal or No ChangeEosinophils; To HighMCH; To LowMCH; To Normal or No ChangeMCH; To HighMCV; To LowMCV; To Normal or No ChangeMCV; To HighErythrocytes; To LowErythrocytes; To Normal or No ChangeErythrocytes; To HighHematocrit; To LowHematocrit; To Normal or No ChangeHematocrit; To HighHemoglobin; To LowHemoglobin; To Normal or No ChangeHemoglobin; To HighLeukocytes; To LowLeukocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocytes; To HighLymphocytes; To LowLymphocytes; To Normal or No ChangeLymphocytes; To HighMonocytes; To LowMonocytes; To Normal or No ChangeMonocytes; To HighNeutrophils; To LowNeutrophils; To Normal or No ChangeNeutrophils; To HighPlatelets; To LowPlatelets; To Normal or No ChangePlatelets; To High
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted09201010110010101100110011001100110011011000110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed011001010110010101010101010101100110011001100110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed01010101011009211000101011011000110011011001100
Cohort 4: Placebo030030030021030030030030030030030030

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Urinalysis Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points for the analysis of urinalysis parameters including potential of hydrogen (pH) of urine, presence of glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite, leukocyte esterase in urine by dipstick. Specific gravity of urine was measured by microscopic examination. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal, high, or abnormal), unless there is no change in their category. Participants whose lab value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, are recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant has values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bilirubin; To Normal or No ChangeBilirubin; To AbnormalGlucose; To Normal or No ChangeGlucose; To AbnormalKetones; To Normal or No ChangeKetones; To AbnormalLeukocyte Esterase; To Normal or No ChangeLeukocyte Esterase; To AbnormalNitrite; To Normal or No ChangeNitrite; To AbnormalOccult Blood; To Normal or No ChangeOccult Blood; To AbnormalProtein; To Normal or No ChangeProtein; To AbnormalpH; To LowpH; To Normal or No ChangepH; To HighSpecific Gravity; To LowSpecific Gravity; To Normal or No ChangeSpecific Gravity; To High
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted11011011011011010111001100110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed1101101109211011011001100110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed1101101109210110111001100110
Cohort 4: Placebo30302121302130030030

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Worst Case Vital Sign Results Relative to Normal Range Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline

Vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate were measured in a semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there was no change in their category. Participants whose value category was unchanged (e.g., High to High), or whose value became normal, were recorded in the 'To Normal or No Change' category. Participants were counted twice if the participant had values that changed 'To Low' and 'To High', so the percentages may not add to 100%. High and low indicated that participants had values flagged as high and low respectively for the particular parameter any time on-treatment. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
DBP; To LowDBP; To Normal or No ChangeDBP; To HighSBP; To LowSBP; To Normal or No ChangeSBP; To HighPulse rate; To LowPulse rate; To Normal or No ChangePulse rate; To High
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted011011000110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed110011000110
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed011001100110
Cohort 4: Placebo030030030

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Cohort 1: Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg1190.16
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg1143.29

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Cohort 1: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 (Pre-dose) to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC [0-t]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg20.3
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg23.4

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Cohort 1: AUC (0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg19.3
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg21.9

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Cohort 1: AUC From Time 0 (Pre-dose) Extrapolated to Infinite Time (AUC[0-infinity]) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours* micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg20.6
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg23.9

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Cohort 1: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg3292.1
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg3612.4

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Cohort 1: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg20.3
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg23.0

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Cohort 1: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg3578.2
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg3831.1

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Cohort 1: Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric least square (LS) mean and 90 percent (%) confidence interval (CI) of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg4.817
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg4.548

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Cohort 1: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. fe% was calculated as: (Ae total divided by Dose) multiplied by 100 percent (%). (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

InterventionPercent dose excreted (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg22.72
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg26.90

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Cohort 1: Renal Clearance (CLr) of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg16.06
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg17.59

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Cohort 1: Terminal Phase Half-life (t1/2) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg11.344
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg12.415

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Cohort 1: Time to Reach Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg2.500
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg2.500

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Cohort 4: AUC(0-tau) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses-Fed State

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in Treatment Period 3

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed4996.9

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Cohort 1: Tlag of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg0.000
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg0.000

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Cohort 1: Total Unchanged Drug (Ae Total) of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae total was calculated by adding all the fractions of drug collected over all the allotted time intervals. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg337.92
Cohort 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Cimetidine 400 mg410.10

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Cohort 2: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae total was calculated by adding all the fractions of drug collected over all the allotted time intervals. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg312.73
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg156.05

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg17.9
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg8.9

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg3081.3
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg1352.4

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg19.0
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg9.5

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg3370.1
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg1476.8

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-infinity) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg19.3
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg9.3

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Cohort 2: AUC(0-t) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg19.0
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg9.0

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Cohort 2: CLr of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90 % CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters per Hour (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg16.49
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg17.07

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Cohort 2: Cmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effect model with treatment as a fixed effect and participant as a random effect. Geometric LS mean and 90% CI of the geometric LS means have been presented. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMicrograms per milliliter (Geometric Least Squares Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg3.735
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg2.728

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Cohort 2: Lag Time Before Observation of Drug Concentrations (Tlag) of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg0.000
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg0.000

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Cohort 2: Percentage of the Given Dose of Drug Excreted in Urine (fe%) of Gepotidacin

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. fe% was calculated as: (Ae total divided by Dose) multiplied by 100 %. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionPercent dose excreted (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg20.85
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg10.42

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Cohort 2: T1/2 of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg10.882
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg10.972

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Cohort 2: Tmax of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours Post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours (Median)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg2.500
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg2.000

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Cohort 2: Vz/F of Gepotidacin in Plasma

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hour, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3 Hours, 4 Hours, 6 Hours, 8 Hours, 12 Hours, 24 Hours, 36 Hours, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 2:Period 1: Gepotidacin 1500 mg1217.45
Cohort 2: Period 2: Gepotidacin 1500 mg + Rifampicin 600 mg2460.46

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Cohort 3: Ae Total of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose )

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. Ae total was calculated by adding all the fractions of drug collected over all the allotted time intervals. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours, 48-60 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionMilligrams (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg1066.21

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Cohort 3: AUC (0-48) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours, 24-36 Hours, 36-48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg16682.1

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg73.2

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-24) of Gepotidacin in Urine Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Urine samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0-2 Hours, 2-4 Hours, 4-6 Hours, 6-8 Hours, 8-12 Hours, 12-14 Hours, 14-16 Hours, 16-18 Hours, 18-20 Hours, 20-24 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg14333.9

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Cohort 3: AUC(0-48) of Gepotidacin in Plasma Following Two 3000 mg Doses (First Dose + Second Dose)

Blood samples were collected at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis of gepotidacin was conducted using standard non-compartmental analysis. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 1 Hour 30 minutes, 2 Hours, 2 Hours 30 minutes, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 Hours, 12 Hours 30 minutes, 13 Hours, 13 Hours 30 Hours, 14 Hours, 14 Hours 30 Hours, 15, 16,18,20,24,36, 48 Hours post-dose in each Treatment Periods 1 and 2

InterventionHours*micrograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Cohort 3:Gepotidacin 3000 mg + Digoxin 0.5 mg + Midazolam 2 mg81.2

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Cohort 4: Number of Participants With Any Increase in Maximum Post-Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameter Corrected QT (QTc) Interval

A 12-lead ECG was recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the QTc interval. Number of participants with any increase of >450 milliseconds in corrected QT interval using the Bazett formula (QTcB) Interval and corrected QT interval using the Fridericia formula (QTcF) Interval has been reported. (NCT04493931)
Timeframe: Up to 22 days

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
QTcB IntervalQTcF Interval
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fasted30
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 1500 mg Fed81
Cohort 4: Gepotidacin 3000 mg Fed92
Cohort 4: Placebo11

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Metal Ion Concentrations in Blood

Chromium and cobalt concentrations in whole blood (NCT04585022)
Timeframe: at 5 years follow up

,
Interventionmicrograms/liter (Median)
ChromiumCobalt
Magnum1.361.67
Recap1.210.92

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SF-36

Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) (0-100, higher values meaning better outcome) (NCT04585022)
Timeframe: at 5 years follow up

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Physical functionPhysical restrictionBodily painGeneral healthVitalitySocial functionEmotional restrictionMental Health
Magnum901009274.577.510010092
Recap901008479.57510010088

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Harris Hip Score

Harris Hip Score (0-100, higher values meaning better outcome) (NCT04585022)
Timeframe: at 5 years follow up

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Magnum100
Recap100

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Number of Patients Undergoing Revision

Rate of revision during the follow-up period, calculated as number of revisions (numerator) out of the total number of patients starting the study (denominator) (NCT04585022)
Timeframe: at 5 years follow up

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Magnum0
Recap6

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		5.9681C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
ethylene dichloride
ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.		2.4620chloroethaneshepatotoxic agent;
mutagen;
non-polar solvent
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.		2.730oxo dicarboxylic acidfundamental metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		4.37200amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		4.19504-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		1.9610hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		2.9440ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		4.54250monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		6.4272aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.4520acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.3920ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.75306-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine
9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.1310purine nucleoside
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.0410guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		3.2360azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		5.25160acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzene
[no description available]		7.420aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.3820benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.0410benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.460amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		1.9610halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		1.9610fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		3.2460amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		4.0631carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.4120amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		8.73100amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		2.7230catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		1.9910alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.0410cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		5.93251cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		8.03146tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		6.98291halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		8.27512chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		7.74203coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
2-cresol
2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		3.3511cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		12.61310monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.110trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		210medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		2.0510aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
nornicotine
nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure		1.9610
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		3.3511(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		11.47131aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
caprylic aldehyde
caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).		2.0410medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		plant metabolite
n(1)-methylnicotinamide
N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.		2.6730pyridinium ionalgal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		3.3511N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
2,4-diaminobutyric acid
2,4-diaminobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2,4-diaminobutyric acid : A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.		1.9810diamino acid;
gamma-amino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
taxifolin
[no description available]		2.44203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.0110C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.13102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		4.3241monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.6930catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		12.19162amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		2.4220glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		4.0320aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanine
[no description available]		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion		fundamental metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.31412-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.0310alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.0410dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		8.64164sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		2.420ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		3.0950aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.7430chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		2.9340alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		3.71100alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		4.4851alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		2.0410glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		10.4659carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		17.621,08641aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		3.85120elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.7430benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		1.9810hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		8.3670imidazole
indole
[no description available]		1.9510indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.3920diatomic iodinenutrient
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		9.0140dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		8.6290alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		1.9810inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		3.2760cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		3.85110acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
croton oil
[no description available]		1.9610N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin
N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.		2.0310acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0710acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
n-methylhistamine
[no description available]		3.520aralkylamine
naphthalene
[no description available]		210naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
naringenin
[no description available]		2.13104'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		6.9610metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		7.43212pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.95110pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		4.5780monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		210nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		12.25182monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		2.3820gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		1.9710oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.0110C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		2.8940dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.6730aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		4.1950C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.4120aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.4720phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		1.9610alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		2.6930aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.6630propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
putrescine
[no description available]		2.6730alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.95110monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazinoic acid
pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.		2.1310pyrazinecarboxylic acidantitubercular agent;
drug metabolite
pyrazole
1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.		2.6930pyrazole
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.3820azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		3.6120methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		6.471hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		1.9810benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		3.77212-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.0310pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
selenious acid
Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.		1.9710selenium oxoacid
spermidine
[no description available]		210polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.4220alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
taurine
[no description available]		9.4751amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		4.6380primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		9.0631methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		4.5151pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		4.79100uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		6.41131isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.4320non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		3.4470phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
[no description available]		2.0310
bremazocine
[no description available]		2.4620
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.		3.3560amphetamines;
dimethoxybenzene;
organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source		2.0310
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		3.81110benzenes;
organic amino compound
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		2.4120catecholamine
octoclothepine
octoclothepine: major tranquilizer with action similar to those of the phenothiazines; used in schizophrenic & manic psychoses; minor decriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOTHIEPINS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0210dibenzothiepine
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane
N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source		2.0310
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.4420benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1,10-diaminodecane
[no description available]		2.4420
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		2.1310phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.		2.3720hydrazinesalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		3.77100oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.0310
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.0310isoquinolinolEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		3.4670aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		4.131monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse		2.0310imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		2.7230
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		8.981710aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.6930methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.6930imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		2.0310glycerophosphocholine
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		2.7530oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.9440bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.7530bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.4620dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.		7.0210imidazopyridine;
primary amino compound		carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
2-hydroxysaclofen
2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source		2.0310organochlorine compound
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		2.7330isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		3.1210amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
phaclofen
phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0310organophosphate oxoanion;
zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.0310benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.0310
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		4.12160ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		3.1450oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		2.1310
cgp 52411
4,5-dianilinophthalimide: structure given in first source. 4,5-dianilinophthalimide : Phthalimide substituted at the 4- and 5-positions by anilino groups.		2.0510phthalimidesgeroprotector;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.4420benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.730aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.9440guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.		2.0310carbohydrazide;
phenols
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.		2.44201,2,5-oxadiazole;
benzenes;
N-oxide;
nitrile		geroprotector;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.41201-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		10.93662imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		2.0310quinolines
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		2.4120long-chain fatty acid
5-dimethylamiloride
5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity		2.6830
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride
5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.		2.4420aromatic amine;
azepanes;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
odorant receptor antagonist;
sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		3.3970aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-carboxamidotryptamine
5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source		1.9610tryptamines
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist		2.7530indolyl carboxylic acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.4320indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenanthridone
phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.		2.4420lactam;
phenanthridines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mutagen
6-chloromelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin
6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.		2.0310acetamides;
tryptamines		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline
6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone
[no description available]		2.4420
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		2.0310organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
etofylline
etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)		2.1310oxopurine
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		2.4720
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		2.6930
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		2.4420oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		2.6830
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		12.02231acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.71301,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		10.48200aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		10.98912acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.520acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		7.36201monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		3.1450acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8630acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
methacholine
methacholine : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis.		2.0410acetate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		bronchoconstrictor agent;
cholinergic agonist;
epitope;
muscarinic agonist;
vasodilator agent
6-acetylaminocaproic acid
6-acetylaminocaproic acid: wound-healing agent component of plasmutan		5.0252medium-chain fatty acid
acridone
acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.		1.9810acridines;
cyclic ketone
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.0710acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
ag 127
tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon		2.4420nitrophenol
rtki cpd
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
geroprotector
tyrphostin a23
tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source		2.4420catechols
tyrphostin 25
[no description available]		2.7230benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1
[no description available]		2.0310methoxybenzenesgeroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source		2.0310
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		7.52132aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		5.42190phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.87301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		10.6351monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alminoprofen
alminoprofen: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alminoprofen : A substituted aniline that is ibuprofen in which the isobutyl group is replaced by a (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used for treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders.		2.0610amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.8530imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methylserotonin
alpha-methylserotonin: potent agonist at M & D receptors of serotonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610tryptaminesserotonergic agonist
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		6.8191organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		4.43210secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		4.5270triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		8.21261adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.7430aromatic amine
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
amfenac
amfenac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. amfenac : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group and a carboxymethyl group at position 2 and 3, respectively. The corresponding carboxamide, nepafenac, is a prodrug of amfenac and is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.		2.0610amino acid;
benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amfonelic acid
amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant		2.0310
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		4.2150acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		4.0640diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.73100dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		3.5990guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		14.27401N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		13.8814013dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		6.652801-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		3.0140aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		9.91332carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		6.06150dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.7230barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.940aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.85100dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		8.6290acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.0840nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.4720N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
anisindione
anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4120aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant;
vitamin K antagonist
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		3.2460aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
9-anthroic acid
9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.		1.9710anthroic acid
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		8.93749pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		2.0310
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0710aporphine alkaloid
aprindine
Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.3920indanes
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0410guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0710enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		12.8712916benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		6.29180benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		8.42562ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist		2.0310alpha-amino acid
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		2.4420monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		13.05232aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.4720alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		4.551monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		2.0410benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
azosemide
azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide;
tetrazoles;
thiophenes		loop diuretic
baclofen
[no description available]		5.04130amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.4520barbituratesdrug allergen
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		3.1250(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		4.140benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benextramine
benextramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.4720carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.7330benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		5.041201-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.3720ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		4.7671benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzquinamide
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid amideantiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.520benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl isothiocyanate
benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma		3.1210benzenes;
isothiocyanate		antibacterial drug
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.4170pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.7330alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen
5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.		3.12105-methoxyfurocoumarin;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
psoralens		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		3.0950extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betahistine
Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.		3.0850aminoalkylpyridine;
secondary amino compound		H1-receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
bethanidine
Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.		2.0410guanidinesadrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		9.92110propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		7.18270carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.7230propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		5.1680(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.9740biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		4.2250piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		4.2850diarylmethane
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.4120
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		5.14140secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.9940aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bml 190
indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor		2.4420N-acylindole
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.4720quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.7530imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		8.5280organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		3.2860organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.7230organic molecular entity
bu 224
BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker		2.0510quinolines
bufexamac
Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.		2.4920aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		6.17240amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.420quinazolines
bunitrolol
bunitrolol: was heading 1975-94 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-90); KO 1366 was see BUNITROLOL 1975-94; use PROPANOLAMINES to search BUNITROLOL 1975-94; a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak antiarrhythmic activity and minor ability to decrease the heart rate		2.0410aromatic ether
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		6.71164aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
bupranolol
Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.		2.3920aromatic ether
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		10.21150azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		5.17140methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.7130benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.4520barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.7130amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
enantio-PAF C-16
[no description available]		2.0110alkylacylglycero-3-phosphocholine
caffeine
[no description available]		9.54523purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		11.861055aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.7330monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camostat
camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.		2.4120benzoate ester;
carboxylic ester;
diester;
guanidines;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifibrinolytic drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
serine protease inhibitor
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		6.0581benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		10.7514dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine epoxide
carbamazepine epoxide: metabolite of carbamazepine; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide : An epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.		2.3820dibenzoazepine;
epoxide;
ureas		allergen;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbazochrome
carbazochrome: a hemostatic which increases capillary resistance & activates platelet factors, Note: Adona is a multimeaning tradename		2.0410
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4820benzenes
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		4.0840monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		2.0410organic molecular entity
carcinine
carcinine: structure. carcinine : A beta-alanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of beta-alanine with the primary amino group of histamine.		1.9710beta-alanine derivative;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		antioxidant;
crustacean metabolite
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.2650carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmofur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		4.14160N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.9540quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.86100carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
cefuroxime
Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.		2.3820carbamate ester;
cephalosporin
celecoxib
[no description available]		7.65142organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.0410aromatic ketone
cefixime
Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.		5.4222
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		7.92202ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetraxate
[no description available]		5.93142benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
cgp 12177
CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.		2.0110aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
cgs 12066
4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0310N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroloquinoxaline		serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		2.4420aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0710benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.4520aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		5.16140aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.8630diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		7.42221benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.08401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		12.18281aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		4.6480benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxine
chloroxine : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.		2.0410monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
antiseborrheic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		14.4318633monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		6.25450organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		6.96221monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		5.51120isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		5.031201,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		9.6661diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.9840cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.9840aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		2.4420quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.5470lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.9740cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.5680cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		8.25282aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cirazoline
cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710aromatic ether
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		9.86245benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		7.291812-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.3720piperidines
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4520amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.1550monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		4.64611,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clobenpropit
clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.		8.3970imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester;
organochlorine compound		H3-receptor antagonist;
H4-receptor agonist
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.3760monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		5.32170aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.2750tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		5.79160dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		4.51701,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		9.68882clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.7830sulfonamide
cloperastine
cloperastine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510diarylmethane
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.86301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		6.36190conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		3.360chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.0310
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.7530carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.620carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.8630organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0410non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.4220benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		7.91261piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		2.3620organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.0510indolesfluorochrome
dapsone
[no description available]		6.51350substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		5.08101carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.44204-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.5370acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dephostatin
dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source		2.0310
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		7.41610dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		6.011521,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
nonivamide
nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.		2.0310capsaicinoid;
phenols		lachrymator
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		9.6280primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.7430alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		2.0310diarylmethane
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		11.147771,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazinon
Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		7.6730organic thiophosphate;
pyrimidines		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		5.72150benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.7130aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		13.71431amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen
Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)		2.5420bridged diphenyl fungicide;
diarylmethane
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		4.0840dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		4.250carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510benzoic acids
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		1.9810acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.7430N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.5720pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diphenidol
diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.730benzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		antiemetic
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		10.6130monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilazep
Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.		1.9610benzoate ester;
diazepane;
diester;
methoxybenzenes		cardioprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0710acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimaprit
Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.		7.221260imidothiocarbamic ester
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		4.3860dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.6830oxazolidinone
dinitolmide
Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0410dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		15.426322ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0310organic cation
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
n,n-di-n-propyldopamine
N,N-di-n-propyldopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610catecholamine
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		6.8191piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyrone
metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.		2.0410amino sulfonic acid;
pyrazoles		anti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		7.89192monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		11.7230organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.08103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		13.69351branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		2.5120N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.		2.74301,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		9.64373benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		11.24101aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		4.0840morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.3960aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		9.76276dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.8630pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		4.7390aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dipropizine
[no description available]		2.1310piperazines
dsp 4
DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		4.7490oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		9.3141organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		3.1450benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7530dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		3.1150indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
emedastine
emedastine: structure given in first source. emedastine : 1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.		2.0110benzimidazolesanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.4420trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		5.7883ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		10.481511,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		2.0810benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
epirizole
Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.940aromatic ether
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.9240
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.5920triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
etanidazole
Etanidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.. etanidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent
etazolate
Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.. etazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.		1.9610ethyl ester;
hydrazone;
pyrazolopyridine		alpha-secretase activator;
antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		5.33100aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
myambutol
[no description available]		2.1310amino alcohol
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.3820ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		2.0410carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.7730phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.85100dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxyresorufin
ethoxyresorufin: structure		2.3920phenoxazine
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.4920aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethyl loflazepate
ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source		2.7430organic molecular entity
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		9.37601,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.9540phenols
etizolam
etizolam: structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.4160monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.41602-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		17.64287641,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		3.2560aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.96110carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.5120biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		5.66240dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenbufen
fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.13104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
biphenyls		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.4620diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.9240(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenipentol
fenipentol: stimulates plasma secretion & exocrine pancreatic secretion		3.0610benzenes
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.24150aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		4.8960monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		3.6590resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.7230azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		11.02152anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fenthion
Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.		6.9910organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		12.25171piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.0840benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		10.38180aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		3.4370difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		8.91273conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		6.11160aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		4.5170aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.5270N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		5.28160ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flumequine
flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.		2.13103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		4.36601,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.6680benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		9.48384nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		11.97240(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0410decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0410phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		9.18501,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		7.83182fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.9640diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		6.38210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
flutazolam
flutazolam: structure		2.0410hemiaminal ether;
organic molecular entity
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		5.35100pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
formoterol fumarate
N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.		2.4420formamides;
phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.7590carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176
FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.		2.4420carboxylic ester;
pyrroles		calcium channel agonist
furafylline
[no description available]		4.2250oxopurine
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		6.0733nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		9.49552chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
fusaric acid
Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		10.17140gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		5.4241benzoate ester
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure		2.0310
vanoxerine
vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4520ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		5.17140aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		3.9940
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.5570aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		8.74100N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		5.03120sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		7.29181aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		3.2860piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		7.71281monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic amide;
indazoles
fluorometholone
[no description available]		2.1310
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		8.12321methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		5.4110azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.6580acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		10.61240carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.9240isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0310isoquinolines
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		11.33490aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		6.17101haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		3.0950harmala alkaloidoneirogen
hemicholinium 3
[no description available]		2.0310morpholines
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.9840bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol
[no description available]		2.0310
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		3.5890quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		4.95120barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.3920
hexylresorcinol
[no description available]		2.0410resorcinols
tele-methylhistamine
tele-methylhistamine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist. N(tele)-methylhistamine : A primary amino compound that is the N(tele)-methyl derivative of histamine.		3.7830imidazoles;
primary amino compound		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-methylhistamine
alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		4.43220aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		animal metabolite;
H3-receptor agonist
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.520acetamides
homochlorocyclizine
homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520diarylmethane
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		3.3260thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		9.99120azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.7250benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.5670benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		8.8530aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxymethyltolbutamide
hydroxymethyltolbutamide: tolbutamide metabolite. 4-hydroxytolbutamide : A urea that consists of 1-butylurea having a 4-hydroxymethylbenzenesulfonyl group attached at the 3-position.		1.9610benzyl alcohols;
sulfonamide;
ureas		metabolite
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		5.94190one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		10.01397hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		8.8221
ibudilast
[no description available]		2.0310pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		9.34622monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
ic 261
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		5.2890primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		11.24679benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
ici 118551
[no description available]		3.2960indanes
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		6.4121ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imetit
imetit: structure given in first source. imetit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea in which the thiol hydrogen is substituted by a 2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl group. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.730imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester		H3-receptor agonist;
H4-receptor agonist
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		9.48702dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		5.29160bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate
[no description available]		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.6780indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime
indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.4420
indole-3-carbinol
indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.		1.9710indolyl alcoholantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		12.872523aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		2.1310gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodamide
Iodamide: An ionic monomeric contrast medium. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). iodamide : A benzoic acid compound having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions, an acetamido substituent at the 3-position and an acetamidomethyl substituent at the 5-position.		2.0410benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		1.9910organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		4.2250benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iomeprol
iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		1.9910benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		5.3272organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.4520benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.2310amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate
Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		1.9710benzenedicarboxamide;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
ipriflavone
ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.		2.1310aromatic ether;
isoflavones		bone density conservation agent
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.87100carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.6680azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
irsogladine
irsogladine: RN given refers to parent cpd; MN 1695 refers to maleate salt		2.3720dichlorobenzene
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		4.713003-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.0840benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.6830organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		7.29350carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420
isopropamide iodide
[no description available]		2.0410diarylmethane
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.940secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		6.12410catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		4.0840alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.6580benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itopride
[no description available]		210benzamides
itraconazole
[no description available]		11.2160piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline
WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration		2.0310
jl 18
JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine		2.4420
nsc 664704
kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).		2.7430indolobenzazepine;
lactam;
organobromine compound		cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		9.85100cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		4.63270aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		11.3663dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		11.28270benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.6580amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		9.89110cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.4920furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.0310monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		2.0310alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		5.72260benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		12.061411,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		10.93381benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.7430benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.87100(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.5470nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		1.9710imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
linopirdine
linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug		2.4420indoles
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.9640aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		5.13130fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		9.570N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		10.83170monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		11.72171benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		8.13182benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		11.48131biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.8430dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		340cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		3.150acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0310chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.		1.9810aminoquinoline;
aromatic amine;
p-quinones;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		5.22150anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.4620organic molecular entity
edaravone
[no description available]		2.6930pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		5.13140aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		4.0440primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.8630nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		9.82100diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.6890aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.9840organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.37100aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.7230organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		4.99110adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		3.44701,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		5.23160ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		4.6580imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.3860piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.4160organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.420benzoate ester
mequitazine
mequitazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2360phenothiazines
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.5170amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.8630phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		9.6280aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		9.7581guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		10.65140benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		3.4170ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.6320sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		2.4220aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		4.2850aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
methoxyamine
methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510organooxygen compound
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		4.8860aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		3.3870ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.5820benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		3.1450aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		2.3920C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.4520benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.0310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
5-methylfurtrethonium
5-methylfurtrethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.6630aralkylamine
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.6680beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.4520organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		13.2810319benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		5.22150organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		8.36542aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		10.44467C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		4.97120aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		6.75181aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		10.34131dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		4.8120dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		9.72365imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.6480bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		5.16140dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		11.23101benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		4.0840diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		5.8160dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.4420N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0510naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		10.29121benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		4.0840monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		4.0840monoterpenoid
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		3.3770alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
myristicin
myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;		1.9810organic molecular entitymetabolite
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.5320benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.0310naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		5.4141acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
n-bromoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.420maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-formylmethionylphenylalanine
[no description available]		1.9810peptide
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		2.4420beta-carbolines
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		4.3960aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.6930aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		1.9610purine nucleoside
n 0840
N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.2550methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		4.140tetralins
nafamostat
nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic		3.1210benzoic acids;
guanidines
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.841001,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.0710naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.2550heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		12.34191aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.9740benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		3.580quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.41180cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		4.4260organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		6.3180benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.4420benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		9.62573C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nifekalant
[no description available]		2.0810amine
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.0640aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.4320dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.7890aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam
nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.		2.04101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		11.422202-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.4520beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		10.65140C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nisoxetine
nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.		3.1210aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
nitidine
nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure		2.1310phenanthridines
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		8.811101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		10.85221C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		4.95120nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		5.151401,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		9.99120isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.7430catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		5.65230fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cm 7116
norflutoprazepam: structure		2.1310benzodiazepine
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		7.69201organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		2.7330nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028
NS 2028: structure in first source		2.4420
ns 1619
NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzimidazoles;
phenols		potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		2.0410aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.4620alkylbenzene
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.0310
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		11.033503-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine
olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.		2.74302,6-diaminopurines;
ethanolamines		EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		18.6828058aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		7.29172carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.6680ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		2.05101,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.4520aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		9.74901,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.9640benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		6.392201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.730amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.7530benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		3.2360benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.7330organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.4420aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		1.9610N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.98130aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.420amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.6580acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.		2.6830carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.1350phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
oxyphencyclimine
oxyphencyclimine: minor descriptor (65-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIMIDINES (65-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		6.9510monocarboxylic acid
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.7890aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.03101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.8940phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		4.4160phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		9.56201aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		5.53220benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol
4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.		2.1110monochlorophenol
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.7430dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
1,7-dimethylxanthine
1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.		2.420dimethylxanthinecentral nervous system stimulant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		2.9740aromatic amine
pd 153035
4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.		2.0410aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
bromobenzenes;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 169316
2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0510imidazoles
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.4420aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.42601,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		9.86100aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		12.03251barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		6.52141oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.7590piperidinescardiovascular drug
periciazine
periciazine: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPERICIAZINE 1966-94. periciazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.		2.0510hydroxypiperidine;
nitrile;
phenothiazines		adrenergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
sedative
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		5.4180N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		4.0540acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		6.08220acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.4420diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		4.3241aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
pheniramine
Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.		3.2360pyridines;
tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		9.44702barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.9640phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		4.07312,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.88110aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		4.5470primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.6320monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		1.9710arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenyl biguanide
phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.6930guanidinescentral nervous system drug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		5.25160pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin
[no description available]		2.4420dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		4.5170organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
picotamide
picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure		2.4420benzamides
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		10.2131organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.3920benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		3.5680pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		8.14321indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.7890aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.4920amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pipenzolate
pipenzolate: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM refers to bromide; structure		1.9610diarylmethane
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist		2.0310
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0410N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.9940organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.0510pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		14.8216666pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.7430aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.5820benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		3.0750inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		1.9610aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.95130acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine
pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.		2.3920aromatic ether;
morpholines		local anaesthetic
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.9440chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.7530pyridochromene
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		8.97224isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		11.19420aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		3.1150amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		5.06130aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		5.52120pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		4.33200diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		12.376611benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.6590dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		9.22552benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		4.96120benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		4.2250benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
procaterol
Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.		2.0810quinolines
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.95110N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.5370pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		7.04195benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		4.41200phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		10.97676phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		10.21150aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		10.463410xanthenes
proxymetacaine
proxymetacaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.3720benzoate ester
propentofylline
[no description available]		2.4420oxopurine
propiomazine
propiomazine: was heading 1966-94 (prov 1966-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPIOMAZINE 1966-94; phenothiazine derivative used for sedation and as an antiemetic during labor. propiomazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		2.4620diarylmethane
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		5.2690phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		12.721837naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
propyl gallate
Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.		1.9610trihydroxybenzoic acid
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		2.1510
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		5.16140carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.4820oxopurine
pseudohypericin
pseudohypericin: structure given in first source		8.411
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.460pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		11.833996aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		5.81160aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.2310benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.2310dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-8-ol
[no description available]		2.5420benzazepine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		12.65101benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		5.27901-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		7.68450aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		4.5390secondary carboxamide
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist		2.7530quinolines
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.86100benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		8.8230alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		6.092201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		9.5251organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.2550tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		2.3920methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		3.3160butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		3.5180pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole
Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
carbamate ester;
imidazoles		antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5720indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.07102-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
roxatidine acetate
roxatidine acetate: structure given in first source		11.12268piperidines
4-bromotetramisole
4-bromotetramisole: available in levo & dextro form; L-form potent inhibitor of non specific alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.91401,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		3.7630benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.7730phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.0310ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.8630benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 206553
SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source		2.110pyrroloindole
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.4420imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		4.5440barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
carbamylhydrazine
carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810carbohydrazide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound;
ureas
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		2.0410N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.0510ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		4.3530organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		6.39121pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sk&f 91488
SK&F 91488: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; PI: APT (80-92) (not an active MH record; now NM)		2.6730
sobuzoxane
sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210		2.0310organic molecular entity
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		3.2260fluoride saltmutagen
ipodate
Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)		2.0410
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.4160pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		10.57220ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.9540aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
aldactazide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid lactone
spiroxatrine
spiroxatrine: structure		2.4420imidazolidines
sq 22536
9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.		2.4420nucleoside analogue;
oxolanes		EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		5.38100aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.4820pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.0840dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		6.9122quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.07101,3-thiazoles
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.7730benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.9940N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.9840aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.0410sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.9940pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.9840pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.5670sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		12.54232isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.4820pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		3.1450substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.4620sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		3.82110primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.7130pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		6.32280
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		4.58401,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		5.63140pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		4.83100isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		3.09502-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.4620isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
sulfoxone
sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8730alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		8.9393benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride
[no description available]		2.0510salicylamides
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		5.58220sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		4.2450aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		3.360naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
t0156
[no description available]		2.4420naphthyridine derivative
talipexole
talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source		1.9610azepine
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.5680N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazanolast
tazanolast: RN given in first source		2.0510organic molecular entity
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.0810acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source		2.0310
tegafur
[no description available]		2.9840organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		8.4980benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		7.1592benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		9.5470imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		5.09130furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		12.1261phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		10.27385diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		3.2660benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		6.65680quaternary ammonium ion
krypton
Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.		1.9610monoatomic krypton;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
tetrahydrozoline
tetrahydrozoline: used as nasal decongestant; Visine is a form of eye drops; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610carboxamidine;
imidazolines		nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide
Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.		2.4420phosphoramide
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.4160phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		4.2841dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.43601,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thiethylperazine
Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457). thiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.		9.2641N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2,2'-thiodiethanol
2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom		2.0410aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		10.77160phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		5.2890aziridines
thiothixene
Thiothixene: A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.		1.9610thioxanthenes
tiapride
[no description available]		2.7330benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.7130aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tiaramide
tiaramide: NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzothiazoles
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		5.67140monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.9740aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		8.5142imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8630N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.83100benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.7690N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		3.84120imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		7.8302N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		5.7561aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.9740monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.4520aromatic ketone
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
ici 136,753
[no description available]		2.4420pyrazolopyridine
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		5.09130aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		11.83314amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.7730triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		5.06130monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9610pyridopyrimidine
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		10.14140pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		6.62161triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.9640benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
triclosan
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.82100N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.4620aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.9440organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.5820amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.4620trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.0710phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		6.28111oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		8.67541aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		9.2250
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		10.27319dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		4.54250aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		5.61130chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.4620acetamides
troxipide
troxipide: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810benzamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		4.4770monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.4420alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.2560aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		9.9381piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		3.0950carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		5.23150cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7330piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.420organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.2650gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.4520aromatic ether
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		1.9810
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.9840aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		7.72301,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4220alkylbenzene
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.4420aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.7990carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		9.6580nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
cn 100
CN 100: structure given in first source		2.0610organic molecular entity
zardaverine
zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.		2.0310organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		1.9710inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		10.84110imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.0640aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		3.3260monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.9640cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.8530corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		4.3860mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium bromide
[no description available]		2.1310
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		5.0552acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		5.0943011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		10.4848711beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.763016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		2.6930ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		13.05421alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		3.5280beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		6.11410imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
hexobendine
Hexobendine: A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output.		1.9610trihydroxybenzoic acid
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.570glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		3.7521pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		5.37141pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		3.96130nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		3.69100benzodioxolespesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride
Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate		2.0310organic molecular entity
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.04101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
dichloroisoproterenol
dichloroisoproterenol: was heading 1968-94; was DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1963-76; DCI was see DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1975-94; use ISOPROTERENOL to search DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1968-94 & DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1966-67		1.9610
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9640catechols
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		4.28704-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.4520
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		7.161622-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine
Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.		2.3620
neostigmine methylsulfate
[no description available]		2.1310arylammonium sulfate saltEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		4.2501-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		11.7561ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.45203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		8.833013-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate
prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.4520barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		6.3411411beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.4520barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate
Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.		1.9610tartrate saltantihypertensive agent
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		5.9100non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4920organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
norethandrolone
Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
cysteine
[no description available]		3.5820cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		9.6345411-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		5.6614017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.4520fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		4.084017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		5.894117-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.43202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.4820N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
camylofine
camylofine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1510alpha-amino acid ester
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		6.67270penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.7430organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.4820phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride
pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.		2.4720hydrochloride
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.5270pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		2.7530N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.4620organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		6.491412-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		7.0410nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.0510pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
racepinephrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		2.9140
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		2.3720dialkyl phosphate
hexamethonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		2.6830guanidines
cystamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		8.94130chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		3.8230cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride
tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.6930organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		11.16121alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		1.9710L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.4820corticosteroid hormone
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		6.74310C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		4.0831aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		7.34104amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		7.9340aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyltrimethylammonium chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.4620organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		1.9610pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
vincristine
[no description available]		4.85100acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		6.08230carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		5.1962glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		6.3821017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.0510steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		4.6461bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		3.0850ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		10.06130aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		7.92631pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.83017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone
dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.8130benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside
3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.		2.41203'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.5890adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		3.2560azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.4220tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		2.4920uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		1.9310pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.5270kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.9340pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		2.0710D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		7.16133monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
piperoxan
Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.		2.3720
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		5.56171phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine
[no description available]		2.0410organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		12.59261amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tolazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		7.62152ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		2.0110azobenzenes
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.3820amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		6.35310amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		4.140quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin
[no description available]		2.3920aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.420amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		3.0650adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		9.3760penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		3.4880organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		3.1550organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		8.150benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		3.150amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.4620dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		3.3770quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		2.4420anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		3.3870nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		4.225017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.6830carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9710pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		10.262lactose
primaquine phosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		6.2461aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		1.9910
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.7130amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.713020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		8.83351alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		3.1250
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.7430aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		4.2450penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.0850antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		3.1210psoralensplant metabolite
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		3.0850diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		1.9410barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		3.1250chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.763011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		3.3711organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0510formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		4.648017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.4920oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		4.24504-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.8730aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.753017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
chlorpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		9.99120beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		11.98231mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.6780beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.7730nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		3.4780C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.3920amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone
[no description available]		2.4820acetophenones
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		4.38210amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		1.9910chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		4.57020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
veratridine
[no description available]		3.3260steroidsodium channel modulator
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		4.7490organic sodium saltdye
isopropamide iodide
isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94		2.1310diarylmethane
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		4.6432L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		3.175017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		2.0410organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.2860erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinethazone
quinethazone: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. quinethazone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by ethyl, sulfamoyl and chloro groups respectively; a thiazide-like diuretic used to treat hypertension.		2.0410quinazolinesantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic
nifenalol
nifenalol: adrenergic beta-blocker with good antiarrhythmic properties; also tends to lower blood pressure & provide protection against angina; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610C-nitro compound
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		5.29170arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetylene
[no description available]		3.1210alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		2.3820methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.0510alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.2110aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
1,1-difluoroethylene
1,1-difluoroethylene: structure		2.0810olefinic compound;
organofluorine compound
tetramethylammonium chloride
[no description available]		2.420organic molecular entity
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.0510tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
tribromoethanol
tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90)		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane: volatile metabolite of halothane		1.9910organofluorine compound
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		2.420alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
pivalic acid
pivalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pivalic acid : A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position.		210branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.994011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
bromcresol green
Bromcresol Green: An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.		2.0210benzofurans
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		4.81100benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
carbromal
carbromal: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-73); use UREA to search CARBROMAL 1963-94		2.0410N-acylurea
methylpentynol
methylpentynol: structure		2.0410ynone
divinyl sulfone
divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.		2.2510sulfonecross-linking reagent
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.0540primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.		1.9710mercaptopropanoic acidalgal metabolite
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		2.4520stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		1.9910butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		4.680chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		2.4620pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.1110bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide
cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.		3.5120peroxolenvironmental contaminant;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
oxidising agent
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.492012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		5.88320amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		2.9740N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
buclizine
buclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		antiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
local anaesthetic
skatole
[no description available]		1.9510methylindolehuman metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		8.693026-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		3.4270organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
thiopropazate
thiopropazate: minor descriptor (66-72); major descriptor (73-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-72); THIOPROPAZATE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. thiopropazate : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		2.0410acetate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
9,10-phenanthrenequinone
9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure		2.1310phenanthrenes
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher		2.0510
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.		2.0510organic cationdefoliant;
herbicide
acetrizoic acid
Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.		2.0410aminobenzoic acid
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		6.47141organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
propoxycaine
Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)		2.3720benzoate ester
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.420isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.7590penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.5170glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure		2.0510organochlorine compound
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.0850pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-sulfanilic acid
2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid : An aminobenzenesulfonic acid carrying an amino group at position 2.		1.9710aminobenzenesulfonic acid
picryl chloride
Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
explosive;
hapten
picric acid
picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		7.4120C-nitro compoundantiseptic drug;
explosive;
fixative
2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		2.3720arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		1.9710aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		1.9910aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		4.4160phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		4.3241mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		210azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
2,3-dimethylindole
[no description available]		1.9510
phenyltoloxamine
phenyltoloxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4220diarylmethane
2,5-diphenyloxazole
[no description available]		1.9610
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.7730phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		2.1310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
synephrine
[no description available]		2.7430ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0410benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
parethoxycaine
[no description available]		1.9610benzoate ester
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		3.5920carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.4820chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
benzothiazole
benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.		1.9710benzothiazolesenvironmental contaminant;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
2-methylindole
2-methylindole: SKATOLE refers to 3-methylindole; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-methyl-1H-indole : A methylindole that is 1H-indole substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		1.9510methylindole
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.4620bromophenolmarine metabolite
3-methylpentane
3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black.		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		allelochemical;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent
methylcyclopentane
methylcyclopentane: toxic; RN 96-37-7. methylcyclopentane : A cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group.		1.9910cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9710butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
1,3-ditolylguanidine
1,3-ditolylguanidine: structure given in first source; a selective ligand for the sigma binding sites in the brain		1.9910toluenes
arsanilic acid
Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.		2.1310organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		1.97105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		210acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
3-aminobenzoic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.		2.1310aminobenzoic acid
dicloran
2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline		antifungal agrochemical
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		2.0110trinitrobenzeneexplosive
3-dinitrobenzene
dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.		2.0510dinitrobenzeneneurotoxin
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		2.0410parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
benzylamine
aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.		1.9810aralkylamine;
primary amine		allergen;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		2.8840quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
dyrene
dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine pesticide;
secondary amino compound;
triazines		antifungal agrochemical
triclocarban
triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.		2.110dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		3.1650pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		2.4620aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		2.4620isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.8730benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
betazole
Betazole: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.. betazole : Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.		5.61102primary amino compound;
pyrazoles		diagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
histamine agonist
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0710caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.4620bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
acrolein
[no description available]		2.0410enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
2-bromoethylamine
[no description available]		2.4620
propionitrile
propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond.		2.3720aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
acrylonitrile
[no description available]		6.9610aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
carcinogenic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mutagen;
polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol
allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.		2.9140primary allylic alcohol;
propenol		antibacterial agent;
fungicide;
herbicide;
insecticide;
plant metabolite
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.4220alkane
3-chlorophenol
3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.		2.4220monochlorophenol
gamma-collidine
gamma-collidine: structure		2.0210methylpyridines
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.9140bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		3.3811cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
thiophenol
thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.		2.0410aryl thiol
3-hydroxypyridine
3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant.		2.0510monohydroxypyridine
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		2.0510short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		6.5682pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		1.9710cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.4520furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		6.0551mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
1,4-butanediol
butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).		2.0610butanediol;
glycol		neurotoxin;
prodrug;
protic solvent
thiodipropionic acid
thiodipropionic acid: structure		2.1310dicarboxylic acid
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0410polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		4.7290peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0410steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.6120ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		3.75100bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		4.84100biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.7530barbituratesanticonvulsant
paramethadione
paramethadione: structure		2.0410oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.9840chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
maltol
maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure		2.13104-pyranonesmetabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		5.62140aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline
[no description available]		2.0110azaarene;
isoquinolines;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		3.0810benzodioxoles
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.4320tertiary amine
suramin sodium
suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.		2.4420organic sodium saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.7430anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate
dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		2.4620diester;
phthalate ester		plasticiser
diatrizoate meglumine
Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.		2.3720monocarboxylic acid anionradioopaque medium
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		9.3241hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.5670quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.420benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410chlorobenzoic acid
methapyrilene hydrochloride
methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7730hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.9840benzoate ester
chelidamic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
protocatechualdehyde
protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure		2.1310dihydroxybenzaldehyde
monuron
monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.		2.04103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
sterogenol
hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.		2.0510bromide salt;
pyridinium salt		antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
n-heptane
Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		1.9610cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate
Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.		2.0210
anileridine
anileridine: minor descriptor (64-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search ISONIPECOTIC ACIDS (68-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. anileridine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.		2.0410ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
substituted aniline		opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.		2.412020-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-onehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		4.46220methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose
3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.		2.1110D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		3.150purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		591hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.0640penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		5.2190dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt
Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.		2.3720organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		2.0110cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.5820acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.713017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
sulfalene
Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.		2.0410pyrazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide
cycloguanil
cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.		4.0931triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
fluocortolone
Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.		2.031021-hydroxy steroid
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.2360catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7730
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		3.3811organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		2.0410aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
cysteamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		3.411ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		4.7671azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		1.9810acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.38201,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.3820adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclohexene oxide
cyclohexene oxide: inhibitor of epoxide hydrase; structure		1.9710
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.3620cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.0510isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		4.67901,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		15.64165321,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		3.2460diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		3.8330steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		3.1650xanthenes
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		7.3920organic cation
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		2.4120calcium saltnutraceutical
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		5.8771phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide
Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.		2.3720
muscarine
Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.		3.0650monosaccharide
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.9640azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		2.6630pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.9440corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate
[no description available]		2.0410
mechlorethamine n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0410nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.4620
norchlorcyclizine
norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520
hydralazine hydrochloride
hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0310hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
ethamivan
ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.		2.4720methoxybenzenes;
phenols
pargyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
paraoxon
[no description available]		1.9910aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3
Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.		1.9810
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		3.690organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
apomorphine hydrochloride, anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0510
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		2.4620pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.0510heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
opipramol
Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.		2.0410dibenzoazepine
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		7.32201mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.6680N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.7430benzenes;
sulfonamide
glymidine
glymidine: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. glymidine : A sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.		2.0410diether;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		hypoglycemic agent
orphenadrine hydrochloride
orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
methylthioinosine
Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.		210purine ribonucleoside;
thiopurine
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.		2.4620hydrochlorideplant metabolite
fluocinonide
Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.		2.1310organic molecular entity
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.4160benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		5.93340ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
phenylbenzoquinone
phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.7630hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic amine
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.115011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		3.0850diarylmethane
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		2.7430
fluroxene
fluroxene: was heading 1973-94; use ETHERS to search FLUROXENE 1973-94		1.9910organofluorine compound
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		1.9910nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		11.1313020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.733017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
xanthinol niacinate
Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.		2.1310
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: active against thimerosal intoxication; acts on cell membranes of tumor cells causing reverse transformation to normal cells; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.420alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfur-containing amino acid;
thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antidote;
antioxidant;
hepatoprotective agent
dicyandiamido
dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.		2.6730guanidines;
nitrile		curing agent;
explosive;
fertilizer;
flame retardant;
nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.6830imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine
Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)		2.4520amphetamines
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		7.121111-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
methylguanidine
Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9910guanidinesEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
uremic toxin
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		6.2161calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.7730cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.790bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.420bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		2.0410thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
dichloralantipyrine
dichloralantipyrine: 1:2 compound of antipyrine with chloral hydrate		2.0410
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.0410hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
cdta
CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710organooxygen compound
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.		1.9810acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		8.73100isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		4.0640phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		3.3670benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
elemicin
[no description available]		1.9810olefinic compound
beta-nicotyrine
[no description available]		3.1210pyridines
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.6930dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
indican
indoxyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group.		2.0210aryl sulfate;
indoles		human metabolite
pamaquine
pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.4420amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
butenolide
butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		1.9710butenolide
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.59204-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		6.16182
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.3720thiazolidine
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.7330ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		4.4160ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
methallenestril
methallenestril: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410naphthalenes
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		4.960furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.45203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		5.3210017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		3.216017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		1.9610
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.		2.7530hydrochloridenasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride
dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.		2.4420organic chloride saltantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.8830diarylmethane
1,2-naphthoquinone
naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.		2.13101,2-naphthoquinonesaryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		1.9810flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.6630organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		6.0962C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
apronalide
apronalide: structure		2.0410N-acylurea
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
arsenamide
Arsenamide: Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.		1.9710
hexylcaine
hexylcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610benzoate ester
piperocaine
piperocaine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9610benzoate ester
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		10.180thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.0410dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
crimidine
crimidine: structure		2.1510organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
diperodon
diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9610carbamate ester
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		4.7290amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
cyclomethycaine
[no description available]		1.9610benzoate ester
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		4.0740carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.7330
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		3.74100dialdehydebiomarker
magnesium carbonate
magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.		3.3411carbonate salt;
magnesium salt;
one-carbon compound;
organic magnesium salt		antacid;
fertilizer
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
violacein
[no description available]		2.0110
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
thiphenamil
thiphenamil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		3.2960isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.420
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.9140hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.1310bipyridine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310organic molecular entity
monoacetyldapsone
monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.		2.9140acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4420benzenes;
sulfonamide
formestane
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enol;
hydroxy steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
chlorotrianisene
Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.		2.1310chloroalkeneantineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor modulator;
xenoestrogen
phenindamine
phenindamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410indene
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		2.7130bis(azo) compound
lactulose
[no description available]		4.5370glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		1.9810flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
aminacrine
[no description available]		2.1310
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7730alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310organic sulfate salt
3-methylhexane
3-methylhexane: a biliary biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. 3-methylhexane : An alkane that is hexane substituted by a methyl group at position 3.		1.9910alkane;
volatile organic compound		human metabolite
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
bethanechol chloride
bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		2.4720carbamate ester;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscarinic agonist
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5.		210dichlorophenol
allyl sulfide
allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1		7.4120organic sulfide
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		3.326020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.		7.9118organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
alpha-naphthoflavone
alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).		4.3460extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
2-hydroxyacetanilide
2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties.		2.1310acetamides;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
nitrosomethylurethane
Nitrosomethylurethane: An alkylating carcinogen that produces gastrointestinal and probably lung and nervous system tumors.		1.9610carboxylic ester
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		7.56340acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide
metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.		2.4620acetamides;
phenols		non-narcotic analgesic
isovanillin
isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.		2.0510benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		animal metabolite;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
antifungal agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
methoxyacetic acid
methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.4620ether;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mutagen
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		3.1510organic molecular entity
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4620
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.4620morpholines
clopamide
Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		2.1310sulfonamide
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		3.821bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
benzydamine
Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.		2.5420aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound		analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.4120aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		11.14503cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
precocene ii
precocene II: has antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant activities; from plants of genus Ageratum; an antiallotropin compound capable of inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis		1.9710chromenesprecocenes
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		3.823017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.3920organic molecular entity
butaperazine
butaperazine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search BUTAPERAZINE 1966-94		2.0410phenothiazines
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
tetracyanoethylene
tetracyanoethene: structure in first source		2.2110
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		2.6630
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.6630N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.0410aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
2-methylimidazole
[no description available]		2.0510
phosmet
Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.		2.1310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phthalimides		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
4-cyanophenol
4-cyanophenol: reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor		2.4420phenolsEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
carbophenothion
carbophenothion: structure		2.0410organic sulfide
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.426017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin
Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.		2.0410
Mecamylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420monoterpenoid
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		9.91811,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		6.4200
malononitrile dimer
Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine		2.1310
diphenyl disulfide
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8430methylpyridines
4-phenylpyridine
[no description available]		2.0110phenylpyridine
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		4.5351pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxolamine
oxolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410oxadiazole;
ring assembly
ethylestrenol
Ethylestrenol: An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.. ethylestrenol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent
testolactone
Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.		2.04103-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
seco-androstane
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		3.1650hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.7630steroid ester
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		1.9510nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fentanyl citrate
fentanyl citrate : The citric acid salt of fentanyl, comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and fentanyl. A mu-opioid receptor agonist, it is a potent opioid analgesic used in the management of labour pain, postoperative pain, and chronic intractable cancer pain. It is also widely used as the analgesic component of balanced anaesthesia.		210citrate saltmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
carcainium chloride
carcainium chloride: lidocaine derivative with antiarrhythmic activity; structure		1.9610
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.6580ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		1.9810phenylacetaldehydes
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		2.0410methylpyridines
methionylmethylsulfonium chloride
[no description available]		3.3711
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.9640alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2,2'-dipyridylamine
dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source		2.1310
dehydroepiandrosterone acetate
3beta-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one: structure in first source		2.0410steroid ester
carmine
Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.		1.9810
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		1.9910
potassium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH		3.4920alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.0750alkali metal hydroxide
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.7630benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		8.05162glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		2.0410nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.7330enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		4.3760alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
tocopherols
[no description available]		2.0310
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.7830aliphatic nitrile
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
n-methylcarbazole
N-methylcarbazole: RN given refers to cpd with methyl group in position 9		3.1210
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.52021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		4.0840monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
diethylcarbamazine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310piperazinecarboxamide
meturedepa
meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031		2.0410phosphoramide
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.5820aromatic ether
ioxynil
ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410iodophenol;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0410dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		4.0740cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.		2.0510polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
azacyclonol
azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4120diarylmethane
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.		2.4720androstane-3alpha,17beta-diolDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
guaiacoxyacetic acid
guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.1310
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		3.2860organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		2.0410aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
ethoglucid
Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.		2.0410epoxide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.7490benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		2.3720methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
methylene diphosphonate
medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.		2.13101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)bone density conservation agent;
chelator
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous
amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.1310hydrochloridediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		6.96400aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
clothiapine
clothiapine: was heading 1975-94 (was see under DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES 1975-90); CLOTIAPINE was see CLOTHIAPINE 1978-94; use DIBENZOTHIAZEPINES to search CLOTHIAPINE 1975-94; antipsychotic similar to clozapine		2.0410dibenzothiazepine
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		6.74170benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.0310azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.9740benzodioxine
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.7530acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).		2.1310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		3.8330isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
muscarine
[no description available]		2.0310
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		3.12502-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		6.1352corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		5.9781brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		1.9610fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		3.1650pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
[no description available]		2.0410
tetrapentylammonium
tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910quaternary ammonium ion
antazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.		1.9810UDP-D-glucuronic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ethamsylate
Ethamsylate: Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.		1.9810organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.7430N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mebeverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.4320benzodiazepine
butoxamine
[no description available]		1.9610
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		5.11130dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		3.5480organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.7690dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.9440fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		5.3841thujeneplant metabolite
2,3-diketogulonic acid
2,3-Diketogulonic Acid: Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID.. 2,3-diketogulonic acid : A carbohydrate acid formally derived from gulonic acid by oxidation of the -OH groups at positions 2 and 3 to keto groups.		3.3411
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410organosulfonic ester
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		2.66301,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
clidinium bromide
clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.		2.1310
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
cephaloglycin
Cephaloglycin: A cephalorsporin antibiotic.. cefaloglycin : A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.		2.4220beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antimicrobial agent
meclofenoxate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.92402-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diloxanide furoate
diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.		2.1310carboxylic ester;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antiamoebic agent;
prodrug
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.6680antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		5.0252carbon oxoanion
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine
Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.		2.0510nitrosamine;
primary alcohol		carcinogenic agent
piperacetazine
piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)		2.0410phenothiazines
azatadine
azatadine: indulian (UD 21;71k) is dimaleate; do not confuse with AZACITIDINE. azatadine : A benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position.		2.3920benzocycloheptapyridine;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
nitroxoline
nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
monohydroxyquinoline		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
renal agent
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.6780organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
amitriptyline n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0210organic tricyclic compound
beclomethasone
[no description available]		3.447011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
pyrodifenium bromide
pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine		2.0510organic molecular entity
ethylene dimethanesulfonate
ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure		2.4620
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		4.0740penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		1.9610steroid ester
noxiptilin
noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520organic tricyclic compound
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.4520carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
dexpropranolol
[no description available]		1.9610propranolol
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.9140diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.7530isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		3.6490penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.0840acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.9640hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
pentaquine
pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.743011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.7530beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
alverine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310citrate salt;
organoammonium salt		antispasmodic drug;
cholinergic antagonist
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		2.730indoles
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		6.0384dioxolane
dimethindene
Dimethindene: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.		8.71710indene
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
cyclogyl
cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.		2.1310
levomethadone
levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
isometheptene
isometheptene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5040		2.0410secondary amino compound
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.7690azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
cyclophosphamide
cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.		2.0310hydratealkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
suxamethonium chloride
succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.		2.0310chloride saltmuscle relaxant
diazoline
diazoline: see also record for mebhydroline, RN: 524-81-2. diazoline : A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.		2.3720polymer
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
muscle relaxant
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.730amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4420
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
trimethaphan
Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.		1.9610sulfonium compoundanaesthesia adjuvant;
antihypertensive agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
phenylethylmalonamide
Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.		2.0310amine
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		3.1650
isoetharine mesylate
[no description available]		2.7530
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
molindone
Molindone: An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)		2.0410indoles
lanthanum
[no description available]		2.6530f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		2.6630elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		1.9610elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.		1.9810monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.0110metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		4.0731elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		1.9610copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		3.5790manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		4.3650titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		1.9810monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.730cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.420f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		4.0531chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		10.2750copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		1.9810monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		1.9610elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		4.94110pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		1.9610magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		2.3820mercury coordination entitysensitiser
meladrazine
nitrosoproline: RN given refers to 1-nitroso-L-proline		3.7530
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		1.9710D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
hexocyclium
hexocyclium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410amine
6-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.940chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
propionylpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.6390delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
nickel chloride
nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.		6.9610nickel coordination entitycalcium channel blocker;
hapten
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		4.0831iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
n-demethylchlordiazepoxide
[no description available]		1.9610
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.0410N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		5.8371barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
monoethylglycinexylidide
monoethylglycinexylidide: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; metabolite of xylocaine; structure. monoethylglycinexylidide : Amino acid amide formed from 2,6-dimethylaniline and N-ethylglycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.		4.2941amino acid amidedrug metabolite
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		5.5851metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.3620inorganic sodium salt
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		7.6830metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.730dihydrogen
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.0310diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
glycerol 1-stearate
glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.		2.05101-acylglycerol 18:0;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol		algal metabolite;
Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.8940
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		1.9710elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		1.9710aluminium sulfate
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		1.9610cadmium coordination entity
nsc-145,668
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochlorideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.4420diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
amopyroquine
amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		1.9710barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		5.7783
clortermine
[no description available]		2.0410amphetamines
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
chloropyramine
chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2460aminopyridine
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.95401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
chloramine
[no description available]		2.6930halide
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		2.4620benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
nicofuranose
nicofuranose: derivative of nicotinic acid that produces fewer side effects than pure nicotinic acid; used in peripheral vascular disease; also proposed as anticholesteremic; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search NIACIN/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search NIACIN/AA (83-84), NICOTINIC ACIDS (75-82)		2.0410organooxygen compound
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		2.6730ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
reproterol
reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0510oxopurine
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		7.9340S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid
Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.		1.9710alanine derivative;
amino sulfonic acid;
carboxyalkanesulfonic acid;
cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
n-nitrososarcosine
N-nitrososarcosine : A nitrosamine that is sarcosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group.		1.9610nitrosamine;
non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative		carcinogenic agent
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.7930titanium oxidesfood colouring
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.6930benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		7.3720
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate
cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.		2.1310butyrate ester;
cortisol ester;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		dermatologic drug;
drug allergen
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310phenothiazines
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.0110
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
cloforex
cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275		2.4520amphetamines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.7430benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		5.67140selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		8.922216-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clobutinol
clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)		2.0410benzenes;
organic amino compound
benserazide hydrochloride
benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		14.77388monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.9640monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.7430bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.6730benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		5.77160beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		13.56283organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		3.360glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4820
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		2.1310
thenalidine
thenalidine: antihistaminic, antipruritic; RN in Chemline for thenalidine calcium: 67250-62-8; structure		1.9610dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		4.07150acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.5120C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
fluorides
[no description available]		5.4282halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
calusterone
calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92		2.04103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		5.2315017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
tetridamin
tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure		2.1310
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		8.690carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
clonixin
Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.		3.520aminopyridine;
organochlorine compound;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8730
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.4420monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
fentiazac
[no description available]		6.9810thiazoles
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		2.0410
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		3.17102-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
n-n-propylnorapomorphine
N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		6.9610
iodine
[no description available]		1.9910halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		4.7390aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
aluminum phosphide
[no description available]		1.9810
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.940N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.520benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4420cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		4.0840nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
mercuric oxide
mercuric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Hg-O		1.9610
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.9640organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.5920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		7.93401,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		8.82284indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
ergocristine
ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.4420ergot alkaloid
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		4.58260benzenes;
phenyl acetates
nonanal
nonanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		2.0410medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.447011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
thymolphthalein
Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.		2.1310terpene lactone
azetepa
[no description available]		2.0410phosphoramide
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
dimethylacetamide
hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		1.9810acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2750bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.7530phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
proquazone
proquazone: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent; structure		2.0410pyrimidines
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.7730C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.4520organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.9240benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		3.07503',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
carticaine
Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.		1.9610thiophenecarboxylic acid
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.492011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.7230glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		6.3771chlorphenamine
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		1.9710glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.7490beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
frentizole
frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.4420benzenes
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.6730inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.8940pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		10.91436penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		12.58251timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.4370tryptamines
carfecillin
Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.		2.0510penicillin
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		7.51202-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
eterobarb
[no description available]		2.1310barbiturates
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		10.6351cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.8830catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
4-ethynylbiphenyl
4-ethynylbiphenyl: structure given in first source		3.1210
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
ioxitalamic acid
ioxitalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; Telebrix 38 contains both sodium ioxitalamate & meglumine ioxitalamate; structure. iooxitalamic acid : An organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.		1.9610acetamides;
benzoic acids;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.7730hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		6.7171carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.0410cyanogenic glycoside;
disaccharide derivative;
gentiobioside		plant metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.4160amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		7.12350azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.4620organic molecular entity
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		1.9510
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.4260pyrroline
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.6930amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
2-benzimidazolylguanidine
2-benzimidazolylguanidine: effects chloride efflux in tissue; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610aminoimidazole
serentil
mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.		2.4620organosulfonate saltdopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
4-ipomeanol
4-ipomeanol: lung-toxic furanoterpenoid produced in moldy sweet potatoes in response to fungus infection; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.1210aromatic ketone
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.74100amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
proroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		17.334715taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etomidate
ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant		2.1310imidazoles
buspirone hydrochloride
buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.		2.7530hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
etoposide
[no description available]		9.03301beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		5.8221peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		3.1650hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		9.7390catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.3920N-arylpiperazine
etazolate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
n,n'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid
[no description available]		2.4320
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.4520phenanthrenes
butaclamol
(+)-butaclamol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline substituted at position 3 by both hydroxy and tert-butyl groups.		2.7230organic heteropentacyclic compound
butaclamol
[no description available]		3.3160amino alcohol;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
4-methylhistamine
4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.		5.72270aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		4.3460ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.6930amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		5.161401-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		9.3241triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.82100alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.4320
carbidopa
[no description available]		3.2960catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin
hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		5.0570aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
nolinium bromide
nolinium bromide: structure		7.3720
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		6.74240L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		4.7971monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		3.1750aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		5.85221
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		8.493625-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
flunixin meglumine
flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.		6.9810organoammonium saltantipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
triadimefon
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hemiaminal ether;
ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
triazoles
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		4.65270pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
nonachlazine
Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.		2.4620
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine
N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source		2.3920ketoimine;
quinone imine
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		10.6973organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.8130acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		4.03140alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		2.4420ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.42601,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
doxantrazole
doxantrazole: structure		2.3720
picobenzide
[no description available]		2.1310
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.7530cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
pinazepam
pinazepam: structure		2.0510benzodiazepine
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine)
Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).		1.9810
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.4520pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.4420chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
lodoxamide ethyl
lodoxamide ethyl: inhibits anaphylactic reactions; structure		2.8940
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		3.1650acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.7230azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650dihydropyridinegeroprotector
metacine
metacine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		3.7821
triadimenol
triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.		2.1310aromatic ether;
conazole fungicide;
hemiaminal ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
triazole fungicide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
impromidine
Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.		12.4600
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.8730benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.2550anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.6680aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		11.6591aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
flumecinol
flumecinol: liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme inducer		3.7621diarylmethane
spiromustine
[no description available]		2.0410
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone
indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		2.4220aromatic ether
closantel
closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.		2.1510aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile;
organoiodine compound;
phenols
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		3.49201,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
elliptinium
elliptinium: synthetic ellipticine deriv; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9610carbazoles
tilomisole
tilomisole: structure given in first source		1.9610
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		2.3720
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.4370acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.6580anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
laurocapram
laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source		1.9810
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		1.9710
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		2.0510conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.4160penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		7.27181aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		11.61270alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		9.6380cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.9740indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7530
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
Arbaclofen
[no description available]		1.9610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
mezlocillin
Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.		1.9710
4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: structure; from tobacco smoke		210nitrosamine;
pyridines
azimexon
[no description available]		2.3720
oltipraz
oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.		3.12101,2-dithiole;
pyrazines		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
protective agent;
schistosomicide drug
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		6.6592diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate
butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.4620aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
organic nitrate salt
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.9740cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		3.2760nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420benzamides
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		3.3770
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5820diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride
label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.		2.4520
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		4.54250acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		5.62130cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.2760benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.4820benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole: structure		1.9710imidazopyridine
cerm-1978
bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil.		2.1310hydrochloride
pipecuronium
Pipecuronium: A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures.		3.1110steroid ester
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		9.961192thiazoles
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.6830dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		4.0840
fenoctimine
fenoctimine: structure & RN from first source		2.3720
diacetolol
diacetolol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		7.0110
doxofylline
doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.		2.0410oxopurineanti-asthmatic drug;
antitussive;
bronchodilator agent
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		6.9791cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
bucindolol
bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative		2.0410
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		3.5380fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
pirazolac
[no description available]		2.0310
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		5.08130monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		3.76110aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
oxmetidine
oxmetidine: specific histamine H2 receptor antagonist with MW around 1.8 times that of cimetidine; differs from cimetidine by carrying an isocytosine ring instead of a cyanoguanidine in side chain; RN given refers to parent cpd. oxmetidine : A 2-aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one derivative bearing a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at the 5-position and with a 4-(5-methyl-(1H)imidazol-4-yl)-3-thiabutyl substituent attached to the 2-amino group. It is a specific histamine H2-receptor antagonist.		10.35388benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyrimidone		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
alo 2145
apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.		2.0310hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug
nitrosocimetidine
nitrosocimetidine: possible metabolite of cimetidine		5.86320
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
dazoxiben hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.420
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.6680
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.9640
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		6.83191delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		4.0940naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		3.4270aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.7430
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		5.74150delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		3.470benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
fengabine
[no description available]		1.9810
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.5680dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		2.3620pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		10.961903-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.6120N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
caracemide
[no description available]		2.0410
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		3.1550carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		5.02120aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		9.7590dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		10.9271imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
eproxindine
eproxindine: structure given in first source		2.0310
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		5.871203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone
piroximone: structure in first source		2.0510
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV		2.4620
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		4.8271aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
pirmagrel
pirmagrel: structure given in first source		1.9610
quinpirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
loxtidine
loxtidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parenet cpd. loxtidine : A triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist.		3.9940aromatic ether;
piperidines;
primary alcohol;
triazoles		H2-receptor antagonist
temelastine
[no description available]		3.3670pyrimidone
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.4520dioxanes
imazodan
imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;		2.0310
(S)-nomifensine
(S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.		2.0310nomifensine
zaltidine
zaltidine: RN given for parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.3920
difloxacin
difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.		210fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione
tzu 0460
TZU 0460: RN given refers to HCl; structure given in first source		4.0431piperidines
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.7530naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.620aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.0710N-arylpiperazine
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		3.0850
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		5.351003-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
carmoxirole
carmoxirole : An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.		210indolecarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		5.9680imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
rufloxacin
rufloxacin: structure in first source		210fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.9740
fadrozole
Fadrozole: A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.		1.9810imidazopyridine
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.4160aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
temafloxacin
temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		9.131amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		3.1550quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.0810adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		5.26906-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		10.21111fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		5.541201-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
tebufelone
tebufelone: structure given in first source		2.4220
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		9.5840methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		6.16100phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.5470beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		5.93120tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		5.1780pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		9.131
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.94110aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		6.0481organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		3.8530benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		4.0940aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		3.8530alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		10.9371aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
befloxatone
befloxatone: selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A; structure in first source; RN given refers to (R)-isomer		2.0610
lamivudine
[no description available]		5.86170monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		5.87120carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
pobilukast
pobilukast: a leukotriene receptor antagonist; an antiasthmatic agent; structure in first source; RN refers to (R-(R*,S*)-isomer		1.9710
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		12.19161biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.8630
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		11.14911,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.9640guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.7590oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
3-iodobenzylguanidine
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.		2.4420organoiodine compound
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		4.7850monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate
mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties		2.0510trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		4.0840biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		5.29170adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure		2.04101,4-benzoquinones
allyl formate
[no description available]		2.4620
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		1.9610trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil
Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing		3.3511
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		3.0650
tobramycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.13106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
morzid
morzid: structure		2.0410morpholines
rubidium chloride
rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.		1.9610inorganic chloride;
rubidium molecular entity		antidepressant;
biomarker
colestipol
Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.		1.9510
fluoxetine hydrochloride
fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.		2.7530hydrochloride;
N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		2.0310
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.4620methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride
Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension		2.4420hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1550aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.9640hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.3811hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		3.3160hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
cimetidine sulfoxide
cimetidine sulfoxide: structure given in first source		3.68100sulfoxide
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		11.33111
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		3.3160
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.8630cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4620hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
terfenadine
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
sertraline hydrochloride
sertraline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of sertraline and hydrogen chloride. A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0510hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
febrifugine
febrifugine: antimalarials; structure		2.0410quinazolines
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.0770acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		6.37110aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
u 37883a
U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source		1.9910
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
aluminum phosphate
aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt		4.3122
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.940D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.46202-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.7430
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		2.0510aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		4.44220pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		8.511
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
norharman
norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.		2.1310beta-carbolines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0110organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.7730dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		5.2790carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		6.3641acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0410N-glycosyl compound
diphenylcyclopropenone
diphenylcyclopropenone: strong contact sensitizer; a photosensitizing agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. diphenylcyclopropenone : A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.		3.520cyclopropenonedrug allergen;
hapten;
photosensitizing agent
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.0110flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.0710xanthene dyefluorochrome
psicofuranine
[no description available]		2.0410psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
squaric acid dibutyl ester
squaric acid dibutyl ester : A cyclic ketone and diether that is a dibutyl ether derivative of squaric acid.		3.1410cyclic ketone;
diether		allergen;
immunological adjuvant
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
o-(6)-methylguanine
O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.		1.9610methylguaninemutagen
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.9640hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.7530hydrochloridedrug allergen
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.5120hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride
P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498		2.7530catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.7430glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone
4-amino-4'-hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9710sulfonic acid derivative
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3920aromatic ether
triciribine
[no description available]		2.0410nucleoside analogueEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		2.7230purine nucleoside
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0510adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		3.2660benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.420
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7730conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
pirmenol
pirmenol: an antiarrhythmic with class Ia activity		6.9810racemate
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.0410
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.7730phosphate salthistamine agonist
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		5.3170cephalosporinfungal metabolite
acetylcholine bromide
acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine.		2.1310bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
quassin
quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure		2.0710triterpenoid
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
quifenadine
quifenadine: Russian drug		1.9610diarylmethane
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8630benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.1310epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.8730organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		2.0410ifosfamides
metrifudil
[no description available]		2.0310
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		3.8230beta-carbolines
ceftezole
ceftezole: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer; structure. ceftezole : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [2-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamido side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside
4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0410
atrinositol
[no description available]		1.9810
tryptamide
tryptamide: structure given in first source		2.1310
etofibrate
etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
ecabet
ecabet: structure in first source		6.5482diterpenoid
trithiozine
trithiozine: structure		10.3653methoxybenzenes
fotrin
fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure		2.0410
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		2.0410
dexverapamil
dexverapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. It competitively inhibits the multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, EC 3.6.3.44), thereby potentially increasing the effectiveness of a wide range of antineoplastic drugs which are inactivated by MDR-1 mechanisms. Dexverapamil exhibits lower calcium antagonistic activity and toxicity than racemic verapamil.		3.54202-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrileEC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
carebastine
carebastine: active carboxylic acid metablite of ebastine; structure given in first source		8.7821diarylmethane
azetirelin
azetirelin: TRH analog; has more potent effect than TRH on central nervous system; structure given in first source; RN from Toxline		1.9910
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		10.8871sulfonamide
leminoprazole
[no description available]		2.3920
ecabapide
[no description available]		1.9710
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		3.3670organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
arpromidine
arpromidine: structure given in first source		1.9710
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.4420benzimidazoles
bepafant
bepafant: RN given from Toxlit 6/90; PAF antagonist		1.9710
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		10.36100piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		5.92180benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
inogatran
inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor		2.0510
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aralkylamine
oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidines
thioridazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloridefirst generation antipsychotic;
geroprotector
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.		2.1310hydrochloridecholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
procainamide hydrochloride
procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.		2.4720hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
siquil
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent
mepivacaine hydrochloride
mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.		2.1310hydrochloride;
piperidinecarboxamide		local anaesthetic
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether)
hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4520stilbenoid
sotalol hydrochloride
sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzilonium bromide
[no description available]		3.3511
oxymetazoline hydrochloride
oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.		2.7530hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
propatyl nitrate
propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source		2.0410nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		3.1450fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diphenidol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310diarylmethane
alprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
edoxudin
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		3.155017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoestradiol
[no description available]		2.1310
17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate
[no description available]		2.1310
amizyl
[no description available]		2.1310
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.1310hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
sulfamidochrysoidine
sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.		2.0410
synthalin a
synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.		2.4620guanidineshepatotoxic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
nephrotoxin
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		7.420dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
fluphenazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420phenothiazinesanticoronaviral agent
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.4220phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		8.022731,2,3-triazole
tryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
guanidinopropionic acid
guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels		1.9710guanidines;
zwitterion		hypoglycemic agent
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
5-hydroxyflavone
[no description available]		1.9810flavones
dyclonine hydrochloride
dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine.		2.1310hydrochloridetopical anaesthetic
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
clomipramine hydrochloride
clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.9640hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.		2.7530hydrochloridegeroprotector
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.5120
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.4520benzoate ester;
phenols
disobutamide
[no description available]		2.4520acetamides
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.7730
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.4820imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.87100dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.9640hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nilverm
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
pumitepa
pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410
ibuproxam
ibuproxam: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6312. ibuproxam : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ibuprofen with the amino group of hydroxylamine. Used for treatment of pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders.		2.0610hydroxamic acidiron chelator;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		3.7830isourea
ropinirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
selfotel
selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment		2.0510non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.41601,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		3.1650ureas
pirlindole
pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812		2.0510carbazoles
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.0410
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.4420organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
esaprazole
esaprazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		1.9610
plasmenylserine
plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.		2.0310O-phosphoserineEC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen
flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.		2.46201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		antirheumatic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine
tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.		2.4620dibenzothiazepine;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.46203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
forphenicinol
[no description available]		2.0410
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.4720artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
fenflumizole
fenflumizole: structure in first source		2.0310
metiprenaline
metiprenaline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6730
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1310
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
3-methylhistamine
3-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
n-demethylantipyrine
[no description available]		1.9610pyrazoles;
ring assembly
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
opromazine
opromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 9th ed, Merck Index, #6697		1.9610phenothiazines
n-acetyltryptamine
N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.		2.0310acetamides;
indoles
3-methylxanthine
3-methyl-9H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 9-position.. 3-methyl-7H-xanthine : A 3-methylxanthine tautomer where the imidazole proton is located at the 7-position.		2.03103-methylxanthinemetabolite
dansylglycine
[no description available]		210
3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine
3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine: causes NADPH-& time-dependent in vitro loss of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450; do not confuse with etoprine, also called DDEP		3.1210
D-serine
[no description available]		2.0310D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.4420fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
pafenolol
pafenolol: structure given in first source		2.0510
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate
dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltnon-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		2.9140
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.520cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
picoprazole
picoprazole: inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking (H+ + K+)ATPase		2.8840
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.7230aromatic compound
mifentidine
[no description available]		4.11160
ramixotidine
ramixotidine: structure given in first source		5.0152
ranolazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.8430chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		6.32111aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.0840razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
clobetasone butyrate
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		2.8940nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.9840succinate saltgeroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530acetamidesgeroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530salicylamides
diflorasone diacetate
diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
acecainide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		3.1650hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
maprotiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
hydroxyzine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		11.0481conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
inproquone
inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)		2.0410
betamipron
[no description available]		3.1550organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
rexigen
clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure		2.0510
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.360benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		4.0940amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
secnidazole
[no description available]		2.1310C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
secondary alcohol		epitope
clociguanil
clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7430
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
lamtidine
lamtidine: structure given in first source		7.8840aromatic amine
tebuquine
[no description available]		2.0510
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.4320acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
efaroxan
efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.68301-benzofurans
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
fluparoxan
fluparoxan: structure given in first source		2.0610
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.3920polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen
[no description available]		2.0310flurbiprofen
icotidine
icotidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to tri-HCl		2.3820pyrimidone
siguazodan
[no description available]		2.0310pyridazinone
tolmesoxide
tolmesoxide: structure		2.0510
timoprazole
timoprazole: gastric acid secretion inhibitor		2.420
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		3.830
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source		2.0310
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
6-hydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source		1.9810hydroxyflavonoid
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		3.470phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
lividomycin
[no description available]		2.0410lividomycinsmetabolite
gentamicin c1
[no description available]		2.4520
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		3.2760fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide
2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure		2.4520
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.4420
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		3.1150
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide
amperozide : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.		2.0510diarylmethane;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary carboxamide;
ureas		anxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
amperozide hydrochloride
amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.		2.7430hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid
[no description available]		2.4420
ergocornine
ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.1310ergot alkaloid
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0310ergot alkaloid
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		4.6161carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
pramoxine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ether
2-naphthylisothiocyanate
[no description available]		2.4620
5-phenyl-1-pentyne
[no description available]		3.1210
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		5.2690hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
tetrahexylammonium
tetrahexylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
s-methylisothiourea sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
methylimidazoleacetic acid
methylimidazoleacetic acid: urinary metabolite of histamine & end product of histamine metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group.. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		1.9810imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		GABA agonist;
metabolite
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.71300aminoalkylpyridine;
primary amine		histamine agonist;
metabolite
butyrylcholine chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
1-ethoxysilatrane
[no description available]		2.0410
4'-methoxyflavone
4'-methoxyflavone: from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae); structure in first source		1.9810ether;
flavonoids
1-benzylimidazole
1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase		2.420
rivastigmine
[no description available]		4.2350carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.460indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		5.36170aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
benzamidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
chloropyramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
6-aminoindazole
6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source		2.1310indazoles
cryptolepine
cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
4-nitrophenylglucuronide
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
C-nitro compound		chromogenic compound
3,7-dimethyluric acid
3,7-dimethyluric acid: structure given in first source. 3,7-dimethyluric acid : An oxopurine that is 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione substituted by methyl groups at N-3 and N-7.		1.9710oxopurinemetabolite;
mouse metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4620
orphenadrine citrate
orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.		2.4620citrate saltH1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone
7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone: adriamycin metabolite; RN given refers to (R)-isomer		3.3511
albendazole sulfoxide
albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		4.3422sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.9740organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
14-hydroxyclarithromycin
14-hydroxyclarithromycin: major metabolite of A 56268; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.3811aminoglycoside
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		12.47221macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
nordimaprit
nordimaprit: effective agonist in the inhibition of lymphocyte activation		2.6630
cp094
1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source		210
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole: receptor H1 agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		4.322001,3-thiazoles
glycinexylidide
glycinexylidide: dealkylated metabolite of lidocaine; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd with dimethylphenyl moiety in positions 2,6. glycinexylidide : A amino acid amide with 2,6-dimethylaniline and glycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.		3.3511amino acid amidedrug metabolite
5-aminoindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
kampirone
1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone; structure given in first source		1.9710N-arylpiperazine
methionine sulfoximine
L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.		2.0310L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfoximine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.4420
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		8.924023-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0410
n-desmethylclobazam
desmethylclobazam: major pharmacologically active metabolite of clobazam; structure in first source		8.7521benzodiazepine
2-acetylbenzothiophene
2-acetylbenzothiophene: metabolite of zileuton; structure in first source		2.2510
carbetapentane citrate
[no description available]		2.4420carbonyl compound
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors		2.4620pyrrolidines
cinchonine
[no description available]		2.4620(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		2.3720iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.8530peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		3.1650
sennoside B
sennoside B : A member of the class of sennosides that is (9R,9'S)-9,9',10,10'-tetrahydro-9,9'-bianthracene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4', by beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy groups at positions 5 and 5', and by oxo groups at positions 10 and 10'.		2.0410oxo dicarboxylic acid;
sennosides
streptovitacin a
streptovitacin A: structure		2.0410
mephentermine
sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.		2.44202-aminooctadecane-1,3-diolEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650hydrochloride
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide
4-methylumbelliferone beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor, it is anti-tumourigenic for various malignant tumours.		1.9810beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
coumarins;
monosaccharide derivative		antineoplastic agent;
chromogenic compound;
hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1950nucleoside triphosphate analogue
4-hydroxypropranolol
4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.3611naphthols
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene
[no description available]		2.0510secondary alcohol
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin: metabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4720isoquinolines
2-methylhistamine
2-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 2 position on the ring.		5.16150aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
2-methylhippuric acid
2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid.		2.1310N-acylglycinemetabolite
deacetyldiltiazem
deacetyldiltiazem: metabolite of diltiazem; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer		2.420benzothiazepine
nimustine
nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.7430hydrate;
hydrochloride
sk&f 95282
zolantidine: structure given in first source		3.78110piperidines
L-2-aminoadipic acid
L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.		2.03102-aminoadipic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride
prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.		2.7530hydrochloridelocal anaesthetic
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0510
meclizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		3.83302-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		2.0310flurbiprofen
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		2.0410
mor-14
N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor		2.0310hydroxypiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
zofenopril
zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.		3.1510aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thioester		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug;
vasodilator agent
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine
[no description available]		2.0510
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		5.1880amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.		2.131011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
corynanthine
Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		1.9610yohimban alkaloid
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		2.44203-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
malic acid, (r)-isomer
(R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.1310malic acid
21-deoxycortisol
21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
deoxycortisol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite
estrone 3-methyl ether
estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.1310
e-250
[no description available]		2.1310
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.		2.1310rac-1-monoacylglycerol
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		1.97101,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
droxidopa
Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension		1.9710catechols;
L-tyrosine derivative		antihypertensive agent;
prodrug;
vasoconstrictor agent
nipecotic acid amide
nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia.		2.1310piperidinecarboxamide
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		4.0440dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-amino-2-isopropylvaleronitrile
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-amino-2-isopropylvaleronitrile: structure in first source. D617 : A nitrile that is pentanenitrile substituted by a 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 2, a methylamino group at position 4 and an isopropyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug verapamil.		3.1210dimethoxybenzene;
nitrile;
secondary amino compound		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
carbenicillin indanyl
carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)		2.0410penicillin
phenylisopropyladenosine
[no description available]		2.3920aromatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.5201-benzopyran
cp 41
CP 41: structure in first source		210
hexamethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tachistin
tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol		2.1310
dimethacrine
dimethacrine: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410acridines
cortisol octanoate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one
[no description available]		210
5-Methoxyflavone
5-methoxyflavone: DNA polymerase-beta inhibitor and neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity; structure in first source		1.9810ether;
flavonoids
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		7.08103D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
cb 1837
CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
desethylchloroquine
desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine		2.0510aminoquinoline
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport		2.4420
imidazoleacetic acid
imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		1.9610imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hexaphosphamide
hexaphosphamide: structure		2.0410
dipin
dipin: structure		2.0410
phosphazine
phosphazine: structure		2.0410
n-benzoyl-l-arginine
N-benzoyl-L-arginine: RM given refers to (l)-isomer; structure. N-benzoyl-L-arginine : An N-acyl-L-arginine that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.		2.0810benzamides;
N-acyl-L-arginine
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.		2.0310phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		GABAB receptor agonist
armepavine
[no description available]		2.1310
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(phenylmethyl)isoquinoline
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(phenylmethyl)isoquinoline: structure given in first source		2.1510benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine
5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0310
diiodobenzotepa
diiodobenzotepa: structure		2.0410
4-hydroxyantipyrine
4-hydroxyantipyrine: metabolite of antipyrine; structure in third source		2.3820pyrazoles;
ring assembly
diosgenin
[no description available]		2.02103beta-sterol;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin;
spiroketal		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		2.0310
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		2.4420
icig 1163
ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
wr 159412
[no description available]		2.0510
bimolane
bimolane: structure given in first source		2.0410
thiodipin
thiodipin: structure		2.0410
n(6)-phenyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4720purine nucleoside
fluoxydine
fluoxydine: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
cinchonidine
cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.442021-hydroxy steroid
homopterocarpin
homopterocarpin: an insect antifeedant isolated from Pterocarpus marcocarpus; structure in first source		2.0810pterocarpans
imiphos
imiphos: structure		2.0410
cholesteryl octanoate
cholesteryl octanoate: used for breath tests for detection of pancreatic insufficiency in rats		1.9710
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.0310methyladenosine
benzyloxyamine
benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
phenglutarimide
phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510piperidines
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		2.3920cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		7.08462aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		1.9510
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.7730imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		2.0310
desethylamiodarone
desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source		210aromatic ketone
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.		2.7630heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.7230aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.7530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
cremophor el
cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A		1.9810
quin2
Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source		2.3820
sn 38
SN-38 : A member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is (4S)-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-dione bearing two additional ethyl substituents at positions 4 and 11 as well as two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 9. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan and is ~1000 times more active than irinotecan itself.		4.0420delta-lactone;
phenols;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
ergovaline
[no description available]		1.9910peptide ergot alkaloid
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		2.4720corticosteroid hormone
sr141716
[no description available]		3.5480amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.0310glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		5.03120primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide
[no description available]		2.6930
n-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: found in human urine		1.9610organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
cp-55,940
[no description available]		3.4670
u 74006f
tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox		3.3711corticosteroid hormone
way 100635
[no description available]		2.110
vanoxerine
vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.0510ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
norverapamil
norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		3.1210aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
secondary amino compound
sr 48968
SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968		1.9810
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.4620xanthene dyefluorochrome
propidium iodide
[no description available]		2.4920organic iodide salt
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
indolactam v
indolactam V: only the (-)-isomer of indolactam V showed carcinogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.0110indoles
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		3.3670aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source		2.1310beta-carbolines
quin2-acetoxymethyl ester
Quin2-acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source		1.9610
u 69593
U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.		2.7130monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
indobufen
indobufen: thromboxane A2 antagonist		2.0610isoindoles
u 78517f
U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl		2.0510
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7330
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist		1.9810
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.730N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
inositol 1-phosphate
1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.		2.3720
propionylcarnitine
propionylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210O-acylcarnitineanalgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cardiotonic drug;
human metabolite;
peripheral nervous system drug
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.0410nitrogen mustard
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		7.5720N-acyl-amino acid
methoctramine
methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.		2.9640hydrochloridemuscarinic antagonist
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.0510aminoquinoline
n-(2'-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide
[no description available]		1.9810
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		5.6451alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.0310aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tryptoline
tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1310beta-carbolines
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		6.9710proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate
[no description available]		2.0310dicarboxylic acid
n-monodemethyldiltiazem
N-monodemethyldiltiazem: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.520benzothiazepine
gabazine
[no description available]		2.0310
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam: metabolite of midazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is midazolam in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of the anesthetic, midazolam.		1.9810aromatic primary alcohol;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		drug metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.420acridines
gamma-fagarine
gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		2.0310pyridazines;
ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride
betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.		2.7530hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin
(+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.		2.0310hydrategeroprotector
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine
NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.		2.4420hydrobromideserotonergic antagonist
s-methylthiocitrulline
S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.		2.0310imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		2.0310capsaicinoid
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.9340dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
Zearalanone
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols
2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole
2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole: contaminant/component of caramel coloring III; produces lymphopenia without toxic effects in rats and mice; prevents spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in mice		1.9810
ml 9
[no description available]		2.4120
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.4420germacranolide
tesmilifene
[no description available]		2.6930diarylmethane
sch 28080
Sch 28080: not related structurally to other known anti-ulcer agents; inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric secretion; prevents gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin & ethanol		3.2260imidazopyridine
pentacaine
pentacaine: pentacaine is the (trans-(+-))-isomer; structure in first source		7.3720
senktide
[no description available]		1.9710
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		5.311312-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
sr 140333
SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist		2.0110
zacopride
[no description available]		2.110benzamides
exp3174
losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.		3.3711biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound		metabolite
hydroxyitraconazole
hydroxyitraconazole: a hydroxylated metabolite of itraconazole; likely contributes importantly to the in vivo activity attributed to itraconazole		2.0110
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		3.76110
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.6120benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
3-monoiodothyronine
3-monoiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0410
1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol
RV 538: noninactivating inhibitor of ceramide-UDPG glucosyltransferase; RN given for unspecified HCl; structure given in first source		1.9710
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart		2.7430guanidines;
pyrazines
5-hydroxydopamine
5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520catecholamine
sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine
sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine : A sulfonamide compound having a 4-hydroxylaminophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom and a 1,2-oxazol-3-yl group attached to the nitrogen atom.		9.3422isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		allergen;
metabolite
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.0410alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310ibuprofen
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		3.2160
erythromycin 2'-acetate
erythromycin 2'-acetate: prodrug of erythromycin; 2'-acetyl ester & stearate salt of erythromycin		3.3511aminoglycoside
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0310straight-chain fatty acid
norbuprenorphine
norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.1210phenanthrenes
2-ethynylnaphthalene
2-ethynylnaphthalene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.1210
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide: found in rat brain		2.420
way 100135
WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first source		210piperazines
bn 52063
BN 52063: mixture of ginkolide A derivatives; platelet activating factor antagonist isolated from Ginkgo biloba tree		1.9710
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
naphthoxylactic acid
naphthoxylactic acid: metabolite of propranolol; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.3611
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide: major metabolite of bupivacaine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310amino acid amide
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310monoterpenoid
2-iodomelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
tafenoquine
tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
secondary amino compound
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
butethamate citrate
[no description available]		2.1310
arcaine, sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine
[no description available]		4.0940adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source		2.1310piperidines
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin
NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.		3.0140oligopeptidebradykinin receptor antagonist
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.7330
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		2.4420indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
1,1,2-trichloroethanol
1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene		2.0410
gallopamil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
propranolol glucuronide
[no description available]		3.3611glucosiduronic acid
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
buthionine sulfoximine
L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.		2.44202-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acidEC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		4.7850benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		5.2231aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
histamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
2-hydroxydesipramine
2-hydroxydesipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610dibenzoazepine
zd 7114
[no description available]		2.0110
sb 204070a
SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist		2.4420
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
ezogabine
ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.		3.1210carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anticonvulsant;
potassium channel modulator
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		3.5890
phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginyl phenylalaninamide
phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginyl phenylalaninamide: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 11/90; involved in transmitter release		2.3820
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector;
serotonergic agonist
l 658758
L 658758: structure & chemical name given in UD		1.9910
desethylamodiaquine
desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine		2.0510
l 655240
L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd		2.0310methylindole
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
4-(n-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-n-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
4-(N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: fluorescent probe		2.0110
san 58035
[no description available]		2.4420
n,n-dideethylchloroquine
[no description available]		2.0510
8-hydroxycoumarin
8-hydroxycoumarin: structure given in first source		1.9710
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source		2.1310
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		3.1210nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.4520methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
levalbuterol
Levalbuterol: The R-isomer of albuterol.		210albuterol
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		4.0740indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7530bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tazobactam
Tazobactam: A penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.. tazobactam : A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.		2.0410penicillanic acids;
triazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.7690aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
lofentanil
lofentanil: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. lofentanyl : The carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.		1.9710methyl ester;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
t-kinin
T-kinin: from rat plasma		1.9910peptide
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.1310leucine derivative
mk 912
[no description available]		2.0510
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		3.4570adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine
1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine: structure given in first source. 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)cyclohexyl]piperidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and benzothiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A potent dopamine re-uptake inhibitor with a behavioral profile different from that of phencyclidine (PCP) and similar to that of cocaine.		3.47701-benzothiophenes;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
bay x 1005
2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;		1.9910
nnc 711
NNC 711: structure in first source		2.0310
ru-28362
11,17-dihydroxy-6-methyl-17-(1-propynyl)androsta-1,4,6-triene-3-one: glucocorticoid receptor agonist; RN given refers to (11beta,17beta)-isomer		1.9810
technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate
technetium Tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate: bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical		1.9910
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine
2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors		2.0510
hoe 694
3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger		4.1950
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.0710organic molecular entity
benzoylarginine ethyl ester
benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810
bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)-
bradykinin, Leu(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
rmi 12330a
RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure		1.9610
enkephalin, met(2)-pronh2(5)-
[no description available]		1.9710
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine
N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine;
N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4420diarylmethane
3-hydroxymethylantipyrine
3-hydroxymethylantipyrine : A pyrazolone that is antipyrine in which one of the hydrogens of the 5-methyl group is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group. It is a metabolite of the analgesic drug, antipyrene.		2.3820pyrazolonedrug metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
sk&f 86466
benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source		2.0510benzazepine
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.7330dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
glabridin
[no description available]		3.1210hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		4.1640benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
3-(2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thioethyl)-4-methylsydnone
3-(2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)thioethyl)-4-methylsydnone: porphyrinogenic agent; structure given in first source		3.1210
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93		2.0310
4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione
4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione: structure given in first source		2.0210
w 7
[no description available]		2.420
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
ro 12-8095
Ro 12-8095: metabolite of moclobemide		3.3711
pre 084
2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.7430morpholines
1,3-dimethyl-2-cyano-1-nitrosoguanidine
1,3-dimethyl-2-cyano-1-nitrosoguanidine: structure given in first source		2.3820
iremycin
iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer		2.0410
amthamine
amthamine: histamine H2 receptor agonist; structure & RN given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7430thiazoles
methotrexate
[no description available]		6.62380dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine
[no description available]		2.0510
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source		2.4420
mar 99
[no description available]		1.9810
murrayaquinone a
murrayaquinone A: a carbazole alkaloid from Murraya (Rutaceae); structure given in first source		1.9710
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine
N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
hainanensine
hainanensine: structure in first source		2.0410
2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene
2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene: affects calcium-induced arrhythmias; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
sr 2640
SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist		2.4420quinolines
ne 58051
NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source		2.0510
salvinorin a
salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum		2.110organic heterotricyclic compound;
organooxygen compound		metabolite;
oneirogen
n-nitrosothioproline
N-nitrosothioproline: found in normal human urine		1.9710
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.26505-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
n,n-dimethyl-n',n'-dibenzylethylenediamine
N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
ku 1257
KU 1257: structure given in first source		2.6730piperidines
ici 204448
[no description available]		2.0310
l 663581
L 663581: structure given in first source; partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor		1.9910
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		4.140biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source		2.0310
chlorozil
chlorozil: RN given refers to chloride; structure given in first source		1.9610
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide
N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis		2.4420phenylindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)-1-(indan-2-yl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.0310
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.6930amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
iodoproxyfan
iodoproxyfan: structure given in first source		2.0210
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.7330
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate: chloride channel antagonist		1.9910
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.4620
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
l 741626
3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source		2.4420piperidines
wr 242511
WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
4-hydroxypenbutolol
4-hydroxypenbutolol: penbutolol metabolite		1.9610
tei 5103
TEI 5103: structure given in first source		1.9610
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.61201,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.45202-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
nisoxetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aspartame
[no description available]		2.4420carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
ici 162846
ICI 162846: structure given in first source		2.420fatty amide
3-amino-2-methyl-8-phenylmethoxyimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine
3-amino-2-methyl-8-phenylmethoxyimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine: structure given in first source		2.3720
sk&f 94482
[no description available]		1.9710
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		7.4920D-xylose
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0310hydrochlorideEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7530
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
ritrosulfan
ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure		2.0410
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.0650amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		2.0110
3-methoxyflavone
3-methoxyflavone: from Aspergillus niger; structure in first source		1.9810
2'-methoxyflavone
[no description available]		1.9810ether;
flavonoids
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.57201-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
6-methoxyflavone
6-methoxyflavone: suppresses NFAT-mediated T cell activation; structure in first source		1.9810ether;
flavonoids
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.9740hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.7861secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.8730carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.4420
tariquidar
[no description available]		3.1510benzamides
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.9640
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		6.252609-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
(2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.		2.0410EHNAEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.7750azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
alpha-methylhistidine
alpha-methylhistidine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is histidine in which the methyl group is located at the Calpha-position.. alpha-methyl-L-histidine : An alpha-methylhistidine that has L-configuration.		2.4320alpha-methylhistidine
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		1.9310organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
benzoyl l-arginine methyl ester
benzoyl L-arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Arg)-isomer		2.0810
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		4.0940amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.8630benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.5220
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
schisantherin a
[no description available]		3.1210tannin
dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex
[no description available]		2.1310
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source		2.1310
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose
[no description available]		2.0310
damvar
damvar: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.5470aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.8630dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
gw420867x
GW420867X: structure in first source		210
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.9340tropane alkaloid
idazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
1-ethynylpyrene
1-ethynylpyrene: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 12/84		3.1210
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9610diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
isoguvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
cyanopindolol
[no description available]		1.9710indoles
chinoin 127
chinoin 127: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9710
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		3.360morpholines
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I		2.0310oxopurine
dehydrocrotonin
dehydrocrotonin: a 19-nor-clerodane diterpene; isolated from the bark of Croton cajucara; structure given in first source		2.730
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7330
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		9.49374methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
alpha-methylhistamine
(R)-alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position (the R-enantiomer).		3.830aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		H3-receptor agonist
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		11.18182oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen
4'-hydroxyflurbiprofen: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.3611biphenyls
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.1310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
isradipine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		4.2550biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
antazoline phosphate
[no description available]		2.1310
gizzerosine
gizzerosine: found in overheated fish meal; causes gizzard erosion in chicks; RN refers to (L)-isomer; structure in first source		1.9610
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
ds 4574
DS 4574: peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist used in treatment of hypersensitivity; RN from Chemline for pyrimidin-9(1H)-one cpd		2.3820
4-guanidinobenzoate
4-guanidinobenzoate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobenzoic acid : Benzoic acid substituted at the para position by a guanidino group.		2.0810benzoic acids;
guanidines
diallyl sulfone
diallyl sulfone: metabolite of diallyl sulfide		3.1210
clofibride
clofibride: structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acid
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.3720
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.96402,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
Serotonin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310tryptamines
n-phthaloylglutamic acid
N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative;
phthalimides
benzo-tepa
benzo-tepa: structure		2.0410
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0410sulfonamide
cloperastine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510diarylmethane
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
2'-hydroxyflavone
2'-hydroxyflavone: isolated from Daphnopsis sellowiana; structure given in first source		1.9810flavones
ag 3-5
icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8		2.0310C-nitro compound
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
7-deoxyadriamycinol aglycone
7-deoxyadriamycinol aglycone: adriamycin metabolite		3.3511
desmethylnaproxen
desmethylnaproxen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. desmethylnaproxen : A member of the class of naphthols that is naproxen in which the 6-methoxy group has been demethylated.		6.9810
tac 278
TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
neurokinin a (4-10), nle(10)-
[no description available]		2.7930
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)-
substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist		3.1950
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
aminopotentidine
aminopotentidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the oxalate. aminopotentidine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyano-3-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}guanidine.		3.150aromatic ether;
benzamides;
guanidines;
nitrile;
piperidines;
substituted aniline		H2-receptor antagonist
n-phthaloyl-4-aminobutyric acid
[no description available]		1.9710
pridinol mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		4.3760amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		3.3911
h 35-25
H 35-25: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
clorazepate dipotassium
Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.		2.6630potassium saltanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
rac 109
RAC 109: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
n-n-propylnorapomorphine
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
urapidil monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.9640dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.6320corticosteroid hormone
warifteine
warifteine: tertiary bis-benzylisoquinoline base alkaloid with p-xylyl moiety from plant Cissampelos ovalifolia D.C.; used by Amazon Indians for medicinal purposes; RN given refers to di-HCl		2.0110
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		5.9841
imidazolyl-4-propylamine
imidazolyl-4-propylamine: structure given in first source		2.3920
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.7530biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
bw 501c
[no description available]		1.9610
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		5.3372amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
abt 980
[no description available]		2.4420
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
sk&f 75670
SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393		2.4420
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		13.352305
esatenolol
esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenololbeta-adrenergic antagonist
kw 5805
KW 5805: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+)-isomer		1.9810
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.9640piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
migalastat
migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis		3.1710piperidines
nbi 27914
[no description available]		2.4420dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.4420indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib
[no description available]		4.4360aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		4.0320divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		2.0710
l 694,458
DMP 777: structure given in first source		3.8330
asimadoline
asimadoline: structure in first source		210
limonin
[no description available]		3.1210epoxide;
furans;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
lactone;
limonoid;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		inhibitor;
metabolite;
volatile oil component
dizocilpine
[no description available]		2.9940secondary amino compound;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
ketoprofen
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-atenolol
(R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenolol
memantine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
iodoaminopotentidine
iodoaminopotentidine: histamine H2 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.6830
9-ethynylphenanthrene
9-ethynylphenanthrene: structure given in first source		3.1210
melagatran
[no description available]		2.9640azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
pefabloc
[no description available]		2.0310
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.4620aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.85120
n(alpha)-benzoylarginineamide
N(alpha)-benzoylarginineamide: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		2.0810
pongidae
[no description available]		2.4420
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.4520corticosteroid hormone
dihydrocubebin
dihydrocubebin: extract of leaves of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn.; structure. dihydrocubebin : A glycol that is butane-1,4-diol substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl groups (the R,R-configuration).		3.1210benzodioxoles;
butanediols;
glycol;
lignan
hexestrol diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.4420L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline
[no description available]		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate)
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure.		340
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
sb 205384
SB 205384: structure in first source		2.4420thienopyridine
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
hydrastine
[no description available]		3.8230isoquinolinesmetabolite
piribedil mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
gabaculine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
olpadronic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
etiron monohydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		5.5120acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
serc
[no description available]		2.1310
procyclidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310hydrochloride
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.7430
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.8830indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.2750furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378
[no description available]		2.0310
atorvastatin calcium
2-phenyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)propane: cytochromes P450 2B1 and P450 2B6 antagonist; structure in first source		3.1210
vesamicol
[no description available]		2.0310
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		4.0940benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		4.0640
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
dabigatran
Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.		2.0810aromatic amide;
benzimidazoles;
beta-alanine derivative;
carboxamidine;
pyridines		anticoagulant;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		3.8730(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
(7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
roxindole
[no description available]		210indolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0410alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.914012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
erythritol
[no description available]		1.9610butane-1,2,3,4-tetrolantioxidant;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.7130bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.011017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		3.326011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
equilin
Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.		2.131017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid
adrenosterone
adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17.		2.512011-oxo steroid;
17-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
marine metabolite
dromostanolone propionate
dromostanolone propionate: RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.04103-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent
fludrocortisone acetate
fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
gossypol acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
4'-hydroxyflavone
4'-hydroxyflavone: structure in first source		1.9810
epinastine
dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
benzatropine methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.1310
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.		3.121017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstane-3,17-diol		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein.		2.1310dihydroxyflavone;
dimethoxyflavone
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
medrysone
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
artisone acetate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.0950
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer
curine: structure in first source		2.1310aromatic ether
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.87301-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.7430carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		4.084017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
lupeol
[no description available]		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt
[no description available]		2.0310
metribolone
Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.		1.971017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		androgen
nsc 95397
[no description available]		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.9640penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.7530aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide
indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure		2.0410
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.7430isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.1310
wortmannin
[no description available]		3.4370acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide
[no description available]		2.1310amine
menthofuran
menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.		3.55201-benzofurans;
monoterpenoid		nematicide;
plant metabolite
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		5.5490
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.0840amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
neocryptolepine
neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source		2.0510
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		7.161801,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
mrs 1191
MRS 1191: a selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0510cinnamate ester
tryptoquivaline
fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.		3.1510aromatic ether;
indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor;
mycotoxin
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
cimadronate
cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source		2.0510
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.4120
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		5.1540
carboplatin
[no description available]		5.262
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		2.4320catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.6730inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.4320
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		1.9610N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		6.9610peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		5.71112oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		3.0510
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		3.2860D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		10.07101amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		2.730raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.9640(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.		2.03105-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		4.6280heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
bekanamycin
bekanamycin: kanendomycin is the sulfate of bekanamycin; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410kanamycins
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		3.3770myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		5.6926011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
puromycin
[no description available]		2.7330puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0410taxifolinmetabolite
mandelic acid, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1310(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
mandelic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		2.4720alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.8730coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.7330amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.9640bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		3.150guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine
willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		210alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.7530deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene
(4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.		2.4620limoneneplant metabolite
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.9140monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		9.16920cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.4260alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		5.271601-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		2.420cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.3860beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		9.82100cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium
[no description available]		2.4620
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		12.26200L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		9.4870acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		8.8213alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.66802,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		3.360
acebutolol hydrochloride
acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride.		2.1310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
mometasone furoate
Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.		2.753011beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-furoate ester;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
organochlorine compound;
steroid ester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
dicyclomine hydrochloride
dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		2.7530hydrochlorideantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		4.0840L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.0810organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.9740aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate saltantibacterial drug;
geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.7430
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0410penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.6780acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
canaline
canaline: structure		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		1.9710homodetic cyclic peptide
indican
[no description available]		2.0110beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		2.0110
angustibalin
angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
picrotoxinin
[no description available]		3.4670epoxide;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		GABA antagonist;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
naringin
[no description available]		3.5720(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
pulegone
pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.		2.0110p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		3.150isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
yatein
yatein: isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris; structure in first source. dihydroanhydropodorhizol : A member of the class of butan-4-olides carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		3.1210benzodioxoles;
butan-4-olide;
lignan;
methoxybenzenes		plant metabolite
hinokinin
hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg. hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).		3.1210benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan		trypanocidal drug
Dubinidine
[no description available]		2.0310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.4520piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.0310
acriflavine
Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.		1.9610
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione
S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)		2.0310peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		3.2360tripeptide
hydroxylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		3.12501,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.7430hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
hetacillin
[no description available]		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug
sb 228357
SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		2.4420indolyl carboxylic acid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
resorcinols
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.4420
calcium pantothenate
[no description available]		2.4620polymer
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.5370tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
ergonovine
Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		3.2160ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		diagnostic agent;
fungal metabolite;
oxytocic;
toxin
difluprednate
difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.1310butyrate ester;
corticosteroid hormone
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.730amino sugar
medigoxin
Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).		2.0410cardenolide glycoside
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4420organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.7530alkaloidgeroprotector
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
flumethasone pivalate
flumethasone pivalate: structure		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
pivalate ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate
dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.		2.7530methanesulfonate saltalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		1.9910cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		3.3160amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.7130butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		5.98200retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		3.2460icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		2.0410deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		4.2450resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.8100retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		2.4620microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.730octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		11.51130macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.0710ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.0210D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		10.14101dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.5570dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		9.23180benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		3.2660butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.76502-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		9.16170peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.0810alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		9.99120
keratan sulfate
Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.		1.9810
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.0310
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.		2.4420carbotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.5470epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		8.08152macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
formycin
[no description available]		2.0410formycinantineoplastic agent
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source		2.0310
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.7530
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		3.6890adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		3.0750prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		3.4170olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0510
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine
cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).		2.1310dipeptide;
homodetic cyclic peptide;
imidazoles;
pyrrolopyrazine		anti-inflammatory agent;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast
[no description available]		7.0610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
chloropyridine;
cyclopropanes;
organofluorine compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.03104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.4320N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		5.2541acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.4420phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
thymopentin
Thymopentin: Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.		3.0610oligopeptide
decitabine
[no description available]		4.26502'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
[no description available]		2.0310
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		4.0931
teniposide
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
kt 5720
KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		2.420carboxylic ester;
gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.5820cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
purvalanol a
6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;		2.4520purvalanol
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		3.2760cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		4.7390actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.74301,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		2.1310tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		3.1650carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		11.47131L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		5.372pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.0670nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
7-methoxyflavone
7-methoxyflavone: an aromatase inhibitor		1.9810ether;
flavonoids
schizandrin
schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name		2.0310
posaconazole
[no description available]		4.0640aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.7430kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.8630flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
maltitol
maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.		2.1310alpha-D-glucoside;
glycosyl alditol		laxative;
metabolite;
sweetening agent
lisofylline
lisofylline: metabolite of pentoxifylline; structure given in first source. (R)-lisofylline : A 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione that has (R)-configuration. A synthetic small molecule which was under development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.		1.96101-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dioneanti-inflammatory agent;
immunomodulator
sodium thiocyanate
sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.		1.9610organic sodium salt
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		9.05246one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.8630arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-n-oxyl
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-N-oxyl: structure given in first source		210aminoxyls;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		4.131organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		1.97102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
Tetrahydropiperine
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxoles
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
3'-methoxyflavone
3'-methoxyflavone : The parent member of the class of 3'-methoxyflavones that is flavone which carries a methoxy group at the 3'-position.		1.98103'-methoxyflavonesplant metabolite
idarubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620anthracycline
aceglatone
aceglatone: structure in Merck		2.0410organic molecular entity
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		13.218417triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.7430
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
alpha-asarone
asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone.		1.9810asaroneanticonvulsant;
GABA modulator
glycosides
[no description available]		1.9610
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		3.0850chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		5.22121isomethyleugenol
isosafrole
isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3720benzodioxoles
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.0510benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		1.9710stilbene
thermospine
thermospine: structure given in first source		2.1310
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.4420chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310chloroquine
xanthohumol
xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.		2.0410aromatic ether;
chalcones;
polyphenol		anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor;
metabolite
dibenzylidene acetone
dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source		2.1310
picibanil
Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.		1.9610penicillinate anion
ilepcimide
ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation		2.0510benzodioxoles
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		2.3920methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
flavin mononucleotide
[no description available]		2.0410flavin mononucleotide;
vitamin B2		bacterial metabolite;
coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dextromethadone
D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneNMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		3.5420olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		2.0310morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
lypressin
Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.		1.9610cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		4.2350vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.4420benzamides
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium
calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.		2.4420organic chloride saltapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone
[no description available]		2.1310cycloheptafuran
5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester
[no description available]		2.13102-methoxyethyl ester;
benzofurans
5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310indolyl carboxylic acid
haplamine
haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0410amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
cefsulodin
Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.		210cephalosporin;
organosulfonic acid;
primary carboxamide		antibacterial drug
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
butoxybenzyl hyoscyamine
butoxybenzyl hyoscyamine: RN given refers to bromide(3(S)-endo)-isomer; structure. butropium bromide : An organic bromide salt of butropium. It is a drug which suppresses spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs, inhibits gastric acid secretion and relieves abdominal pain. It is used in the treatment of spasmodic pains associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers and cholelithiasis.		1.9610
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.6630
flutropium bromide
flutropium bromide: structure given in first source. flutropium bromide : The organic bromide salt of flutropium. It is used in Japan for the treatment asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		1.9710
polidocanol
Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.		3.3511hydroxypolyetherhepatotoxic agent;
nonionic surfactant;
sclerotherapy agent
iothalamate meglumine
Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.		1.9710amidobenzoic acid
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		1.9610
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.4420alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.7130indolyl carboxylic acid
Reactive blue 2
[no description available]		2.0310anthraquinone
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum		2.0310dichlorobenzene
prednisolone hemisuccinate
prednisolone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone succinate : A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
quinidine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430
tiamulin
tiamulin: 81723 HFU and tiamutin are for fumarate salt; prevents senescence in ascomycete; pleuromutilin derivative; RN given refers to ((3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,5alpha,6alpha,8beta,9alpha,9abeta,10S*))-isomer. tiamulin : A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.		1.9810carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide;
secondary alcohol;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antibacterial drug
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.9740oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.9740
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4420purine nucleoside
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		2.1310alkylbenzene
glycerylphosphorylcholine
choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.		2.1310phosphocholines;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
parasympatholytic;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine nitrate
[no description available]		2.1310
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		5.89180pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.4820
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7630
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.4820
4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
methamilane methiodide
[no description available]		2.4720
physostigmine salicylate
[no description available]		2.1310azaheterocycle salicylate salt;
salicylates
pilocarpine nitrate
[no description available]		2.4720
r 59949
R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor		2.4420diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		2.7530
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.7530
1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.4920pyridines
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310benzoxazine
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.0110
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		3.1250chlorprothixene
dienestrol
Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		2.4120
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		10.7761ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		5.72150aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.520pyrimidone
dexketoprofen
dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.		2.0310benzophenones;
monocarboxylic acid		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sb 366791
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		2.4420
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.4420catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron
[no description available]		3.5780
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.4320
4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
(S)-(-)-pindolol
[no description available]		2.0310pindolol
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.7830sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.7630caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ondansetron, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310phthalimides
dexchlorpheniramine
[no description available]		3.0710chlorphenamine
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		2.44204-fluorophenylalanine;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.		2.0710methoxycinnamic acid
phenylthiazolylthiourea
Phenylthiazolylthiourea: A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.		2.0510
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium
4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe for living cells; structure in first source. 4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium : A pyridinium cation obtained by methylation at position 1 of 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)pyridine		2.7630pyridinium ion
lobeline
[no description available]		2.0410
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		3.150urocanic acidhuman metabolite
2,4,6-trimethyl-n-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide
2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(meta-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide: stimulates phospholipase C; structure in first source		2.0210sulfonamide
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine)
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		5.4582N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1310oxadiazole;
ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1310psoralens
1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidotriazine
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		3.2760diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.5270N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.8630zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
tetrahydropalmatine
[no description available]		2.1310
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.5320aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one
[no description available]		2.1310pyridochromene
5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester
[no description available]		2.1310chromones
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		4.0840diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.4420nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		5.881801,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide;
furans
2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		3.4170diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		10.44190monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		7.48231capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		3.0610
metiamide
Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.		12.47875imidazoles
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.5370acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid
3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.		2.0310organosulfinic acid;
S-substituted L-cysteine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
mouse metabolite
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone
1,4-benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone: structure given in first source		2.0410
d-ap7
[no description available]		2.0310
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		7.3920
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1550isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
tg 003
TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
benzotript
benzotript: anti-gastrinic; active group is amide; structure		1.9710
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles
N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310flavones;
tert-butyl ester
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		4.52702-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		2.3720barbituratesallergen;
reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea
[no description available]		1.9510
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		2.1310imidazolidines
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.9640hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		13.441293one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
indigo carmine
Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.		1.9510
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		4.0420cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		4.1950thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		3.0610
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		11.48534cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410purine nucleoside
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mecysteine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310alpha-amino acid ester
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.4160
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.7430benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source		210benzoic acid;
imidazolines;
organic radical		apoptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
diphenyleneiodium chloride
dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.		2.4420organic chloride saltEC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
tamoxifen citrate
[no description available]		2.4420citrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		6.38210stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
indoxyl glucuronide
indoxyl glucuronide: substrate for the detection of E coli in urine		2.0210glucosiduronic acid
nadp
[no description available]		3.85120
pimagedine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride
[no description available]		2.0310quaternary ammonium salt
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.4260pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		3.5820
2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dihydrosamidine
[no description available]		2.1310
N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
eskazine
[no description available]		2.7530
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzene
BRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).		2.0510C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
monastrol
monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0310enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
phenols;
racemate;
thioureas		antileishmanial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester
[no description available]		2.1310isopropyl ester;
piperazines
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.		2.4820macrolide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		3.145011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
artemotil
artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510artemisinin derivative
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		4.4160carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		3.5990cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.1350barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		5.0713017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		22.811,153287C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
thiocarlide
thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent		2.0410thioureas
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.7690
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		4.140tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		4.2650aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
femoxetine
femoxetine: serotonin uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer		6.9610piperidines
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		3.8630dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		3.77100iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		6.48190alkali metal atom
thiamylal
Thiamylal: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919). thiamylal : A member of the class of barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.		2.4320barbiturates;
organosulfur compound		sedative
albutoin
albutoin: structure		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
iodothiouracil
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		1.9710cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
cupric glycinate
cupric glycinate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9710
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
burimamide
Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.		8.83311imidazoles
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		12.226714
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		2.7230salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		10.2131indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		2.0410amino alcohol
monooctanoin
monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.		2.13101-monoglyceride;
octanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
tamoxifen n-oxide
tamoxifen N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of tamoxifen.		210aromatic ether;
tertiary amine oxide		anti-estrogen;
metabolite
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		3.5520
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		4.5170steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.4520
rp 40749
RP 40749: structure given in first source		4.2741
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.9160beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		13.41421cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		1.9910
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene sulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9610
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87		2.0310
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
triptorelin
iodophenpropit: structure given in first source		2.0210organoiodine compound
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine
4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.7130piperidines
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide
2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source		2.4420
thioperamide
thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist		6.37520primary aliphatic amine
desdimethyltamoxifen
N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen: structure in first source		3.1210stilbenoid
u-50488
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine		3.6790dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
alpha-hydroxytamoxifen
alpha-hydroxytamoxifen: structure in first source		3.1210stilbenoid
ly335979
[no description available]		2.0710carbopolycyclic compound
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		2.7430benzazepine
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
bp 897
BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.4420naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
trequinsin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		4.09401,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neboglamine
neboglamine: potential memory enhancer		2.0310
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
chlordiazepoxide, clidinium drug combination
chlordiazepoxide, clidinium drug combination: for treatment of functional colopathies; Note: Librax is a multimeaning drug name		1.9610
gelusil
Gelusil: antacid containing Al-H3-O3.Mg2-O8-Si3		4.3222
tocainide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
bu-e 75
BU-E 75: structure given in first source; histamine H2 agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.420
sk&f 96067
3-butyryl-4-(2-methylphenylamino)-8-methoxyquinoline: reversible, lumenally acting inhibitor of the gastric H(+)+ K(+))-ATPase; structure given in first source		2.3920
sk&f-96356
1-(2-methylphenyl)-4-methylamino-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-c)quinoline: a K+-competitive fluorescent inhibitor of the H,K-ATPase; structure given in first source		1.9810
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
ici 199441
[no description available]		210acetamides
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		2.7130
trimethoprim
[no description available]		2.1310
tamitinol
[no description available]		210
riopan
[no description available]		5.1631
silybin
[no description available]		3.5420
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
benzatropine methanesulfonate
benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.4420
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0310indolyl carboxylic acid
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.		2.44201,2-thiazoles;
indoles;
ureas		receptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		4.38210
3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone
[no description available]		2.1310aryl sulfide
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		2.4420aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
ro 41-0960
[no description available]		2.4420
cgp 13501
CGP 13501: structure in first source		2.0310alkylbenzene
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide
N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source		2.4420
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0110
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.7330aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572
3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol		geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523
2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist		2.4420
rs 102221
[no description available]		3.1950aromatic ketone
flavan-3-ol
flavan-3-ol: structure in first source		2.0610hydroxyflavonoid
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310imidazolidines
Anthraniloyllycoctonine
[no description available]		2.1310diterpene alkaloid
or486
OR486: structure given in first source		2.0310
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.4420quinoxaline derivative
iik7
IIK7: structure in first source		2.0310
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.7330C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dm 235
DM 235: structure in first source		2.4420
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		4.2630
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.0610
jhw 015
[no description available]		2.4420indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86
[no description available]		2.4420tryptamines
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.7430aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide
hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.		1.9610
sc-19220
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether
le 300
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.5570triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
lupitidine
[no description available]		2.940
osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.		2.110long-chain fatty acid
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		4.2450organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310harmala alkaloid
ly 367265
LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).		2.4420dihydropyridine;
fluoroindole;
tertiary amino compound;
thiadiazoloquinoline		antidepressant;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		5.541202-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
jnj 7777120
1-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: an H4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.7330
alsterpaullone
alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
caprolactams;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.4720organic sodium salt
cgp 7930
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.4420alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole
4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420phenols;
pyrazoles		estrogen receptor agonist
sib 1757
SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		2.3820ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.0310sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		3.31607-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		4.3460biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		10.59915prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		4.17170monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bergaptol
5-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 5.		3.12105-hydroxyfurocoumarin;
psoralens
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.48204'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prostaglandin b1
prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).		2.1310prostaglandins Bhuman metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.7330trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.45203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.3860D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		6.1252
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		4.3560carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		4.3360dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.6930leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		3.2160epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
prostaglandin f2beta
prostaglandin F2beta: RN given refers to (5Z,9 beta,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer. prostaglandin F2beta : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is the 9beta-hydroxy epimer of prostaglandin F2alpha.		1.9610prostaglandins Fbetahuman metabolite
retinol palmitate
retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.		2.4620all-trans-retinyl ester;
retinyl palmitate		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.4120hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin
[no description available]		2.4420hydroxycoumarin
alprostadil
[no description available]		12.524719prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.2750hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		7.6830D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		7.4720disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide
[no description available]		3.1510
vitamin k1 oxide
vitamin K1 oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for 2,3-epoxymenaquinone		3.3511
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		2.0510dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prostaglandin a2
prostaglandin A2: RN given refers to (5Z,13E,15S)-isomer		1.9610prostaglandins Ahuman metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		8.68100prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prostaglandin f1
prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		3.42707-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		5.42110antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		3.6390oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		6.6115111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		4.0940
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.7790dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.94110aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		3.1650maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.3160maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.9640fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0610
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.9640ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
ethchlorvynol
Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.		2.3920
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		5.27902-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.7430carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
harman
harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.		2.4420harmala alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
usambarensine
usambarensine: structure given in first source		2.0510harmala alkaloid
7-hydroxycoumarin
7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		3.4820hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		1.9610alpha-humulene
zearalenone
Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols		fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.04107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.74307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		2.74307-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		7.95407-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.7430alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		2.4420alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
shogaol
shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source		2.110enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.4420aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		3.2960flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.9640homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		4.63803-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.9840quinolines
7-hydroxyflavone
7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.		1.9810hydroxyflavonoid
estriol 17-glucuronide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid saponin
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
n-oleoyldopamine
N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.		2.4420catechols;
fatty amide;
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine;
secondary carboxamide		TRPV1 agonist
lafutidine
lafutidine: structure given in first source		8.95130organic molecular entity
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.7430organic molecular entity
gefarnate
Gefarnate: A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue.		7.89143organic molecular entity
sorivudine
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
plaunotol
plaunotol: RN refers to (Z,E,E)-isomer. plaunotol : A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.		3.0710diterpenoid;
primary alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary
geranylgeranylacetone
geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).		6.96132
rokitamycin
rokitamycin: structure in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
sofalcone
sofalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is benzene in which the hydrogens at positions 1,2 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethoxy, (1E)-1-{4-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl, and (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy groups, respectively. It is a gastrointestinal drug currently used for treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers in Japan and South Korea.		9.4651aromatic ether;
chalcones;
monocarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
antibacterial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
plant metabolite
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		3.4370amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5820cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		2.6730stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.97104,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		1.9810F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
trimipramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420maleate saltantidepressant
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.13104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
menatetrenone
menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.		2.1310menaquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
bone density conservation agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7530enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.91110retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		14.035827
xylometazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
flunarizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.9840organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5820prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.85301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.5120organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.9140cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		6.51141N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pibutidine hydrochloride
IT 066: structure in first source. pibutidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of pibutidine. It is a H2 receptor antagonist which was developed for the treatment of peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers. It was in phase III clinical trials in Japan (now discontinued).		3.0850hydrochlorideanti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.8730cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.7430hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
hydrocortisone valerate
hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer		2.1310cortisol ester;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
valerate ester
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E: RN given refers to (11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer		4.8242prostanoid
arbaprostil
Arbaprostil: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.		4.4551prostanoid
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.		4.05150cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid;
prostanoid;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
radiation protective agent
prostaglandin f2 methyl ester
prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostanoid
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		10.06101thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-arachidonylglycine
N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide		2.4420fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
codeine
[no description available]		7.26181morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		7.61290homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
perhexiline maleate
[no description available]		2.1310
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1650organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		4.8542hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.7530antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate
histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent		2.7530
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.4260acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		2.7330alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
cloprednol
cloprednol: relative anti-inflammatory potency twice prednisolone; synthetic glucocorticoid; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		10.9711017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.7430morphinane alkaloid
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.5820piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
ethisterone
Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		drug metabolite;
progestin
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		8.411aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.0710morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		4.0840morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydroxystilbamidine
hydroxystilbamidine: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.2750pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.5470carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
meprednisone
[no description available]		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.3260morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		3.8130morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		8.58511morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		4.3760organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		4.2650morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		5.1831phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
acepreval
acepreval: topical steroid used for skin disease therapy		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.9640organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		4.0840antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		5.71100cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.		2.13106alpha-hydroxy steroid
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.4420macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		3.8330dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.7430monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		11.05615morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		2.0410
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
su 9516
[no description available]		2.0510
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).		2.4420benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
teratogenic agent
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.0310
2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)histamine
2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)histamine: a selective histamine H1-receptor agonist		2.0710
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
anthramycin
[no description available]		2.0410
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.4420dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.5820medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		3.4670carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
l 365260
L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively		2.3920benzodiazepine
l 655,708
[no description available]		2.4420
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.4520cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.0810isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
enprostil
Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.		8.41149
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		2.05101-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
magnesium trisilicate
magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd		10.6573
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.7230cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302
2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source		2.0510
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.460organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049
Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source		2.0310
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.4260phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		1.9710
neurokinin b
Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.		1.9710polypeptide
rioprostil
Rioprostil: A synthetic methylprostaglandin E1 analog that reduces gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the therapy of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage. The drug also prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions. It shows a low order of acute toxicity and there is no evidence of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenicity in animal studies.		11.6263aliphatic alcohol
sb 200646a
[no description available]		2.4420
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
seglitide
seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist		2.4420
sib 1893
SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.0310
u-44619
thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.		2.1310
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.6580acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
(3r)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone
WIN 55212-2 : A organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-hi]indole substituted at position 6 by a 1-naphthylcarbonyl group.		2.0510morpholines;
naphthyl ketone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
synthetic cannabinoid		analgesic;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
onapristone
onapristone: induces vaginal bleeding and luteal regression in monkeys; structure given in first source; progesterone antagonist		3.1210
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
kn 93
KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.		1.9810monochlorobenzenes;
monomethoxybenzene;
primary alcohol;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.4420
hypolaetin-8-glucoside
hypolaetin-8-glucoside: isolated from Sideritis mugronensis; structure given in first source		1.9610
irisquinone
irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.0410
licochalcone a
licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510chalcones
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.9840
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		6.19130(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		2.2510
ag 538
AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.7530
tyrphostin ag-494
AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source		2.0310
tyrphostin b44
tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)		2.4420
ag-490
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112
[no description available]		2.4420
ag 183
AG 183: structure given in first source		2.4420
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.7430olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		4.2950monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
nifuroxazide
nifuroxazide: structure		2.1310benzoic acids
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		2.0410guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
stilbamidine
stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7430
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085
BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.		2.4420benzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
bw b70c
BW B70C: arachidonic acid antagonist. BW B70C : A hydroxamic acid that is urea in which both the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by a hydroxy and a (1E)-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]but-1-en-3-yl group. A selective inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, it can be used for the treatment of asthma.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
organofluorine compound;
ureas		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		5.17140dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.9840ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.03101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
desmethyldoxepin
desmethyldoxepin: active metabolite if doxepin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. desmethyldoxepin : A dibenzooxepine resulting from the demethylation of the antidepressant doxepin. It is the active metabolite of doxepin.. (Z)-desmethyldoxepin : The (Z)-isomer of desmethyldoxepin.		4.0431desmethyldoxepin
rg 13022
RG 13022: structure given in first source		2.1310
octylmethoxycinnamate
[no description available]		2.4620cinnamate ester
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.940alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
styrylquinoline
styrylquinoline: structure in first source		2.13102-styrylquinoline
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		2.6630alkali metal atom
nomifensine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		13.266933boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
ethylmorphine
Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.		1.9810morphinane alkaloid
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.7830morphinane alkaloid
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		13.747833metal atom;
pnictogen
levallorphan
Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)		210morphinane alkaloid
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		2.4110boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.4720metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		1.9610boron group element atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		10.66140cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		4.0440morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		11.321116-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
dextrorphan
Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.		2.6930morphinane alkaloid
nalbuphine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		11.1491morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.95110cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
cefteram pivoxil
cefteram pivoxil: structure given in first source		1.97101,3-thiazoles;
cephams;
oxime O-ether;
pivaloyloxymethyl ester;
tetrazoles
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.68140dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.8630benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.0840azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		5.8160dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		7.4820chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.570styrenes
kavain
[no description available]		2.1310racemateglycine receptor antagonist
piperic acid
piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
benzodioxoles		plant metabolite
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.0310benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.5120maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		12.68191dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
trimebutine maleate salt
[no description available]		2.1310trihydroxybenzoic acid
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		3.1650
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310isoflavones
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.7230
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.8730
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		4.3822butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		5.372cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.		1.9610thyronine
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		2.0110carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		3.3470monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.9640hydrate;
hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate
[no description available]		2.0510azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
[no description available]		3.3360peptide
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.7790dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
naloxone hydrochloride
naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.0310hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
cyanine 863
[no description available]		1.9610
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine
pseudoisocyanine: metachromatic quinoline tissue stain; may polymerize to yield different colors; also used in fluorescence cytochemistry may bind to DNA; minor descriptor (79-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search QUINOLINES (79-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2101,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine;
quinolines
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid
farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420sesquiterpenoid
bergamottin
bergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first source		3.1210furanocoumarinmetabolite
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.4420pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		4.0840amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.65803-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		5.171401,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.7690cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
l 754394
L 754394: a potent and specific inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease; structure given in first source		3.1210
penicillin v
[no description available]		2.69301,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine;
quinolines
ici 118551
ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).		2.1510aromatic ether;
indanes;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2650dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide
morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		3.5420morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone hydrochloride
naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.7530hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		2.4220
enkephalinamide-leu, ala(2)-
enkephalinamide-Leu, Ala(2)-: RN given refers to (L-leucinamide)-isomer		1.9710
l 643441
L 643441: structure given in first source		3.0650
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.6120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.4820
disprocynium 24
disprocynium 24: a cyanine-type inhibitor of extraneuronal monoamine transport		2.0110
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.7430cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.		2.0510aromatic ketone
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		5.7932monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
naltrindole
naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist		2.0610isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.9740dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.4470dichlorobenzene
nylidrin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous
triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		2.7530hydrochlorideH1-receptor antagonist
phentolamine
[no description available]		2.1310
famotidine
[no description available]		10.82801,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.7430hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
fendiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
tiapridex
Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.		2.4720benzamides
quipazine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride
Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source		2.0310
nab-365
clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.		2.1310hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
hp 029
[no description available]		2.4420
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		1.9810
dithiazanine iodide
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles;
organic iodide salt		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-n-methylpyridinium
4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe; structure given in first source. 4-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide : An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-diethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0710organic iodide salt;
pyridinium salt		fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		6.96721,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.86100beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide
[no description available]		2.0310
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		2.4420naphthalenes
nf023
[no description available]		2.0310
nf 449
[no description available]		2.4420
(R)-citalopram
(R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.		2.03101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine
[no description available]		2.4420
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		3.4980
gr 46611
GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs		2.0310
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		4.3241biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sk&f 93479
SK&F 93479: inhibits nocturnal acid secretion		6.53151
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.7330cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.7330acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
ro 42-5892
remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		2.7530cyclopropanes;
diol;
L-histidine derivative;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic;
vasodilator agent
saralasin
Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.		3.5480oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		4.32200azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		1.9710chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
ceftiofur
[no description available]		2.0410
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		9.34124
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
cefuzonam
cefuzonam: article gives L-105 as synonym, however L 105 is a rifamycin derivative according to Chemline. cefuzonam : A second generation cephalosporin antibiotic.		1.9710cephalosporinantibacterial drug
alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination
alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination: foaming antacid containing aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate & alginic acid		5.0152
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5820azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
n-desmethyltamoxifen
N-desmethyltamoxifen: main metabolite of tamoxifen; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		210stilbenoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		2.0310
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		3.1550amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
fk 409
FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus		2.420
pyrogastrone
pyrogastrone: contains carbenoxolone, aluminum hydroxy, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate & alginic acid		9.2641
sinequan
[no description available]		2.1310dibenzooxazepine
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer)
[no description available]		2.4420
dihydroergotoxine
Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.		4.0431
enclomiphene citrate
[no description available]		2.0510
buflomedil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ketone
vancomycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
moxisylyte hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		3.1550maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
10-hydroxynortriptyline
10-hydroxynortriptyline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
proxyfan
[no description available]		2.0210benzyl ether
ciproxifan
[no description available]		7.4520aromatic ketone
diphenoxylate hydrochloride
diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.		2.4620hydrochlorideantidiarrhoeal drug
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate		2.0310
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
mg 624
triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source		2.0510
simethicone
Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.		7.691711
flupirtine
[no description available]		2.4420
tiacrilast
tiacrilast: structure given in first source		2.7530
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.9540carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
himbacine
himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R*,6S*)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.		210gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
piperidine alkaloid		muscarinic antagonist
misoprostol acid
misoprostol acid: de-esterified metabolite of misoprostol		1.9610
ergonovine maleate
ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.4620maleate saltdiagnostic agent;
oxytocic
sibiromycin
[no description available]		2.0410aminoglycoside antibiotic;
hemiaminal;
phenols;
pyrrolobenzodiazepine		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
bwa 4c
[no description available]		2.0110
ono 4057
ONO-LB 457: LTB4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0310
op 2507
OP 2507: prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source		1.9910
viprostol
viprostol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha,13E)-isomer		1.9610
bw a1433
BW A1433: adenosine receptor antagonist		1.9710
kb 5492
[no description available]		2.3820
e 3330
E 3330: structure given in first source; MW 378.47		1.9910
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
17,17-dimethylprostaglandin e2
17,17-dimethylprostaglandin E2: prostaglandin E antag		1.9610
ro 22-6923
Ro 22-6923: RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.3720
disufenton sodium
disufenton sodium: a nitrone benzene bissulfonate in development for stroke; has neuroprotective activity; structure in first source		3.4211
6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin
6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin: structure given in first source		3.1210psoralens
cl 115574
CL 115574: antisecretory prostaglandin E analog; structure given in first source		1.9610
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
sq 80338
1-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1H-imidazole: potent thromboxane synthetase inhibitor		1.9610
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
linoleic acid hydroxamate
[no description available]		2.0210hydroxamic acid
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
su 4312
SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.		2.4420
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		1.9610
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide antibioticprodrug
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.0710
nifuroxime
5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source		2.4320
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.9440
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		2.4420benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.5320carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.9260cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.5270ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.2360
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.5120
homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
butoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
scopolamine hydrobromide
scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.		2.1310
protriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
emetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
[no description available]		2.0310
a 77636
A 77636: structure given in first source; a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist. (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol : An isochromene that is 3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol bearing additional aminomethyl and 1-adamantyl substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively (the 1R,3S-diastereomer). Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.		3.4110adamantanes;
catechols;
isochromenes;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide
N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source		2.0310
cb 34
CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source		2.0310
b 43
RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).		2.4420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
cyclopentanes;
primary amino compound;
pyrrolopyrimidine		EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source		2.0310
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source		2.0310
gr 103545
[no description available]		210
gw2974
GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2		2.0310pyridopyrimidine
(2S)-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-propanamine
[no description available]		3.520aralkylamine
l 162313
L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95		2.4420
l-165041
4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.		2.0310aromatic ketone
mrs 1754
[no description available]		2.0310oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.4220nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pd 404182
[no description available]		2.0310
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen: structure in first source. psora 4 : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3 nM).		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzenes;
psoralens		geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
potassium channel blocker
sb 222200
[no description available]		3.4670quinolines
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		3.1550
cr 2945
CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist		2.4420
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		11.53230imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
sb 218795
SB 218795: structure in first source		2.4420quinolines
dihydroceramide
N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0310N-acylsphinganine
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		3.1550nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate
[no description available]		2.7530
sk&f-38393
(R)-SKF 38393 : A 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol that is the R-enantiomer of SKF 38393.		2.1101-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol
bicuculline methobromide
[no description available]		2.7530
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.		2.894011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
probe
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		3.580
androst-16-en-3-one
androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.		2.13103-oxo steroid;
androstanoid		mammalian metabolite;
pheromone
butaclamol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
dihydroouabain
[no description available]		2.1310cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
LSM-6455
[no description available]		2.1310peptide ergot alkaloid
estradiol 17-acetate
[no description available]		2.1310steroid ester
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.0510isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		7.6530diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.4260
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.7630roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		4.6132
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
a 38503
[no description available]		2.4420
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.4720
trimoprostil
trimoprostil: RN refers to (5Z,11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer; structure in first source		4.8342
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
sk&f 89976-a
[no description available]		2.0310
cv 1808
2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects		2.4420purine nucleoside
pentopril
CGS 13945: structure given in first source		6.9710
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		3.1550artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
oxitropium
oxitropium: RN given refers to bromide; structure		1.9910
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-arg(6)-
enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Arg(6)-: RN refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr-D-Ala-L-Phe-L-Leu)-isomer		4.3222
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
perfosfamide
[no description available]		1.9910
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.8630(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.8730diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.420dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.730O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		2.9240ammonium ion derivative
chloralose
Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.		1.9810
(3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrrolidines
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		3.411penicillanic acids
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.4820biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.4220
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.4620
s 1743
Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.		7.5142magnesium saltanti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
cefmenoxime
Cefmenoxime: A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmenoxime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.		1.9710cephalosporinantibacterial drug
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorproguanil
chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		9.08401,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
naloxone benzoylhydrazone
[no description available]		2.4420
fosinopril
[no description available]		4.5940
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
impentamine
impentamine: structure in first source		2.0210
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
amiprilose
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
3-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid
3-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid : A quinic acid that is the 3-O-feruloyl derivative of D-quinic acid.		2.0710enoate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
ro 8-4304
[no description available]		2.0510
desvenlafaxine succinate
Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		3.3510
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.		1.9610
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
norfenfluramine
Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine		2.0310amphetamines
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		5.1580oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine-
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source		3.0240
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		12.4815514organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.0710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		3.71100aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
mirabegron
mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.		3.18101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		beta-adrenergic agonist
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
abt-770
ABT-770: structure in first source		2.4520
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
t 1032
T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0410methanesulfonate ester
molindone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620indoles
qx-314 bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
l 365260
[no description available]		210
sr 59230a
3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source		2.4420
u 74389g
[no description available]		2.4420
9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine
9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source		2.4520
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.4470
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
pnu 109291
PNU 109291: 5-HT(1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source		3.4110
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide
N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source		2.0510
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nkp 608
[no description available]		2.0410
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0510
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123
[no description available]		2.4420organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
noscapine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
roflumilast n-oxide
roflumilast N-oxide: an oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; active metabolite of roflumilast		2.0610
bpc 157
BPC 157: amino acid sequence given in first source; a 15-amino acid fragment of a gastric peptide, BPC, with hepatoprotective effects		2.7130
a 77636
(1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 0837
AZD 0837: anticoagulant prodrug of AR-H067637		3.4411
ganu
GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure		2.0410
5-hydroxyrofecoxib
5-hydroxyrofecoxib: structure in first source		3.1210
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.3620
4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)pyridine
[no description available]		2.0210pyridines
cgp 20712a
CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A		2.4420
azacosterol
Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.		2.4520
6-hydroxytaxol
6-hydroxytaxol: structure in first source. 6-hydroxypaclitaxel : A taxane diterpenoid that consists of paclitaxel bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6alpha-position.		1.9810taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide
N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation		2.0610
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate		13.615631
huprine y
huprine Y: structure in first source		2.520
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.8830aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		4.0631methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
benalfocin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.4620
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source		2.0510
lu 19005
[no description available]		2.4420
ko 143
[no description available]		2.4620beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
vx 702
VX 702: a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0510phenylpyridine
meciadanol
meciadanol: catechin metabolite; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3720
benoxathian hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
6-chlorotacrine
6-chlorotacrine: structure given in first source		2.5420
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.0310
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.4620
histaprodifen
[no description available]		2.0210
PB28
PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.		1.9910aromatic ether;
piperazines;
tetralins		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
sigma-2 receptor agonist
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.110
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.7730organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		4.2650homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		210
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.		9.9670
metamelfalan
[no description available]		2.0410
buccalin
buccalin: colocalized with the small cardioactive peptides to neuron B15; bioactive at the ARC neuromuscular junction		1.9810
calpain inhibitor iii
calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug		2.4420
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		1.9710
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.4870nystatins
methimepip
methimepip: histamine H3 agonist		2.0210
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		8.4411nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
GR 127935 hydrochloride
GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		2.4420hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
mrs 1845
[no description available]		2.4420
ro 31-8425
Ro 31-8425: structure given in first source		210
cytidine diphosphate choline
[no description available]		2.4620nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5720acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.7330
morinidazole
morinidazole: structure in first source		2.110
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0810
hydroxynefazodone
hydroxynefazodone: an active metabolite of the antidepressant nefazodone; structure given in first source		3.3711piperazines
hypoglycin a
hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus).		2.0510L-alpha-amino acid
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.		4.5251amino tetrasaccharide;
glucosamine oligosaccharide		epitope
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.452021-hydroxy steroid
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
alaproclate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
ubenimex
[no description available]		2.4420peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
dsp 4 hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		3.4980benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.4420hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
cirazoline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
adtn
[no description available]		2.4420
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
2-hydroxyapomorphine, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310indoles
lilly 78335
[no description available]		2.4420
efaroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
fenoldopam hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer,
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one
LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.		2.4420hydrochloridereceptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine
[no description available]		2.4420
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tele-methylhistamine
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
octoclothepine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
du 24565
[no description available]		2.4420
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.		2.0510hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
ro 25-6981
[no description available]		2.4420
sk&f 77434
N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea
[no description available]		2.4420organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		6.781841,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		6.92221
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		9.93203
podophyllin
Podophyllin: Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.		3.1210
nemonoxacin
nemonoxacin: has antibacterial activity		8.5111quinolines
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
demethylcantharidin
demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.4420
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.9240
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose
[no description available]		2.0410
ro 6-4563
glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion		2.0410monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.9340
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		1.9810
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-fluoromethylhistamine
alpha-fluoromethylhistamine: RN given refers to (S)-iosmer		1.9710
lilopristone
lilopristone: structure given in first source; progesterone antagonist		3.1210
4-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)butanamine
4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butanamine: agonist of both H3 and H4 histamine receptors; structure in first source		2.0210
deoxoartemisinin
deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source		2.0510
physalaemin
Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.		2.3720
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
win 62577
[no description available]		2.4420
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		5.08101organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vonoprazan
1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine: a proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source		3.6220pyrroles
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.4470
morphine sulfate
[no description available]		210alkaloid sulfate salt
clindamycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620S-glycosyl compound
azamulin
azamulin: a Cyp3A inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1210
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cosyntropin
Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.		1.9610
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		1.9810
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		6.24111
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		3.2160oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
motilin
Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.		3.4620
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		3.4670heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		4.2841polypeptide
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
substance p (4-11), pro(4)-trp(7,9,10)-
substance P (4-11), Pro(4)-Trp(7,9,10)-: tachykinin antagonist; RN given refers to all L-isomer		2.3720
nociceptin
[no description available]		3.3260organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
omega-conotoxin (conus magus)
Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa		1.9810
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		20.6324140
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		8.54153peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide
mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges		1.9710
big gastrin
big gastrin: isolated from Zollinger-Ellison syndrome gastrinomas & hog antral mucosa; have encountered tetratricontapeptide & nonadecapeptide gastrin; big-big gastrin significantly higher in patients with duodenal ulcers; big gastrin refers gastrin which has a longer peptide chain than the normal heptadecapeptide gastrin		1.9610
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.6730
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		2.6830
peptide phi
Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.		1.9610
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		1.9610
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		1.9910
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
ziconotide
ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.		1.9810
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		1.9910
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-
[no description available]		3.1950polypeptidedermatologic drug
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		2.0510
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
gastrin 17
gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.3720gastrinantineoplastic agent
N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine
[no description available]		2.1310pyrazoles;
ring assembly
bombesin
[no description available]		340
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		3.150glycoside
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550hydrate
quercetin
[no description available]		2.4420
ceftiofur
ceftiofur: structure in first source		1.9910
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.5420
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.88401,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		4.451121-hydroxy steroid
rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
bismuth subsalicylate
bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.		9.0531
vendex
Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.		3.710organotin acaricide
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.7430organic sodium saltgeroprotector
nicousamide
nicousamide: structure in first source		2.0410
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
rs 39604
RS 39604 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of RS 39604 with hydrochloric acid. A potent and selective 5-HT4 antagonist, with a pKi of 9.1 at 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig striatal membranes and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 2C, 3 and D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and alpha1C receptors. The ketone group gives RS 39604 a relatively long half life; it is also orally active and so suitable for in vivo studies.. RS 39604 : An aromatic ether that is the 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl derivative of N-(2-{4-[3-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl)methanesulfonamide. A potent and selective 5-HT4 antagonist, with a pKi of 9.1 at 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig striatal membranes and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 2C, 3 and D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and alpha1C receptors. The ketone group gives RS 39604 a relatively long half life; it is also orally active and so suitable for in vivo studies.		2.0510hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
alpha-amanitin
Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.		7.0410
flucloronide
flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		1.9910organic lithium saltfluorochrome
cefotiam hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
triletide
triletide: thromboxane A2 antagonist		4.0431
hoe k86-4321
HOE k86-4321: bradykinin antagonist		1.9710
chitosan
[no description available]		7.7230
septide
[no description available]		1.9710
quinidine bisulfate
[no description available]		1.9710
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.0940organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate
[no description available]		2.4620
u 63557a
[no description available]		2.0310
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		4.893603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4920organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
penicillin g potassium
benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin.		2.1310organic potassium salt
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.4820potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		4.0640bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
cefmetazole sodium
cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.		2.0310organic sodium saltantimicrobial agent
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.5120organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
cefoxitin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.5920
methicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7730organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		5.3270inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
penicillin g sodium
[no description available]		2.4620organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.7730organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.4920organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium
[no description available]		2.4420
estrone sulfate, potassium salt
[no description available]		2.1310
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.7430cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.7430organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.9840organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4620hydrate
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.420
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.0310
naproxen sodium
naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.		2.1310organic sodium saltantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cr 1409
lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.		2.0310
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.7630organic sodium salt
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m
Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.		5.37141
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		2.6930organic molecular entity
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		1.9510organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.6730
antofloxacin
antofloxacin: antibiotic; 8-amino derivative of levofloxacin; structure in first source		2.0310
imeglimin
imeglimin: a tetrahydrotriazine-containing oral antidiabetic		8.6411
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.7430glycoside
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		8.8163
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		2.110
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.0110fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		5.1760
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		3.71100peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-
substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-: substance P antagonist		2.3720
substance p, arg(1)-pro(2)-trp(7),(9)-leunh(2)(11)-
substance P, Arg(1)-Pro(2)-Trp(7),(9)-LeuNH(2)(11)-: MH SUBSTANCE P contains L-Arg(1), L-Pro(2); substance P antagonist		1.9610
hainanolide
hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis		2.0410
mannans
[no description available]		2.3820
cobicistat
[no description available]		2.1101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
gliocladic acid
gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source		2.0410p-menthane monoterpenoid
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		9.3122
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
beta-sultam
beta-sultam: structure in first source		2.0310
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		13.8814917
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.4620
endothelins
[no description available]		2.9740
deoxyartemisinin
deoxyartemisinin: structure given in first source		2.0110
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		4.6561
sk&f 10047
[no description available]		1.9910
cleistanthin
cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.		2.0410cleistanthins;
xylose derivative		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 38
[no description available]		340
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		3.110
fosinopril
Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.		2.0310
nimorazole
[no description available]		2.0410
butyrolactone i
butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source		2.0510butenolide
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		7.6152
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		9.7190
tuftsin
Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.		3.9840peptide
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		6.97231ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		4.6580carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		8.27292
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		3.360
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.86100
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		5.09130
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.4320
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		7.38151monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.7530hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		8.62473benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		10.993C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
bactobolin
bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer		2.0410amino acid amide
lfm a13
LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.		2.0310aromatic amide;
dibromobenzene;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		6.611511,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		4.18160heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.6590benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		12.188211benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
bephenium hydroxynaphthoate: structure		2.0410
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		4.2550
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		3.2360hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
citrinin
Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.		210
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		4.0840sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil		2.4620
l 701324
L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310quinolines
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.9740
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.4620
methacycline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4620
hispidin
hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).		2.44202-pyranones;
catechols		antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.1550
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.1650
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.2850
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.03104-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
sancycline
sancycline: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		9.3341heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
s 1 (combination)
S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer		2.0510
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate
potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate: RN given refers to the potassium salt		210
n,n'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid
[no description available]		3.3510
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		5.46120
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.2760
mirogabalin
mirogabalin: for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain		5.5231
cyanine 863
[no description available]		210
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.4320
thymic factor, circulating
Thymic Factor, Circulating: A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.		1.9610
ym 758
YM 758: an If channel inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0410
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		3.4620
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid
Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.		1.9610
nitroguanidine
nitroguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroguanidine : An N-nitro compound that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitro group. It can exist in distinct tautomeric forms, as 1-nitroguanidine (a nitroimine) or 2-nitroguanidine (a nitroamine); in both solid and in solution, the nitroimine form predominates.		1.9510nitroguanidine;
one-carbon compound
lewis x antigen
Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.		2.1310
nephrin
nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)		2.0510
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin
D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin: A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.		2.3720
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.0110
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		5.29100
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		3.0650
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		3.1110
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		1.9910
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		3.3811
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		9.35273
silybin
Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.		7.4420
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		1.9810
amatoxin
[no description available]		2.4420
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		2.3720
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		1.9610
technetium tc 99m medronate
Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.		1.9910
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		1.9910
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		4.09402-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		9.633122-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		4.63325-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		5.721603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0310sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		6.9710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9810guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		7.67302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		2.0210guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.7330inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		5.56130folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
viomycin
[no description available]		2.0410heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		3.5180nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7-methylguanine
7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.		1.96107-methylguanine
isoxanthopterin
[no description available]		2.0310dihydroxypteridine
neopterin
[no description available]		210
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		10.05424cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		8.06401benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		5.15140dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.95110purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		5.291602-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		6.5581L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.85100piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		5.1680benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.96402-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.4420triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.2550imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
kf38789
KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source		2.1310
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		9.56475nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		4.0940tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.5470formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.8940nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		2.4520
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310hydroxypyrimidine
alanosine
[no description available]		9.0931
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source		2.0510benzenetriol
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.0840carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
pralidoxime iodide
pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.		2.1310organic iodide salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
1,5-dihydro-7-(1-piperidinyl)-imidazo(2,1-b)quinazolin-2(3h)-one
1,5-dihydro-7-(1-piperidinyl)-imidazo(2,1-b)quinazolin-2(3H)-one: a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation		1.9710
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
[no description available]		1.9810nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine
7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source		2.0410
etintidine
etintidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.07103
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
lobucavir
lobucavir: inhibits the replication of HIV virus in T cells, monocytes & macrophages in vitro by inhibiting DNA polymerase and viral DNA synthesis		2.0210
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		9.1231citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.0410C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.7790
quazinone
[no description available]		2.0310
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt
sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.4420organic sodium saltmuscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
ag-879
AG-879: structure given in first source		2.4420
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		1.9910
nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide
[no description available]		1.9910
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		2.0410folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		4.26190nitroso compoundalkylating agent
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
homofolic acid
homofolic acid: major descriptor (75-84); on-line search FOLIC ACID/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search HOMOFOLIC ACID/*analogs (75-84)		1.9610
pralidoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.1310organic chloride salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
inosine pranobex
Inosine Pranobex: An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly.		4.8460
amg531
[no description available]		2.0610
npt 15392
NPT 15392: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.7530
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		2.0410
enng
[no description available]		6.9710
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
2',4'-dichlorobenzamil amiloride
[no description available]		2.0110
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
dibutyryl cyclic gmp
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.		2.6530
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
alcian blue
Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.		2.4420
s 3226
3-(2-(3-guanidino-2-methyl-3-oxo-propenyl)-5-methylphenyl)-N-isopropylidene-2-methyl-acrylamide dihydrochloride: inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger subtype 3; structure in first source		210
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		5.2550
eye
[no description available]		4.2741
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		1.9510
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		4.32200
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		1.9610
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		1.9710
antimony sodium gluconate
Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.		2.3720
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		1.9710
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		7.65272
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Emesis
[description not available]		013.82183
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		08.82183
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		08.31121
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		19.41201
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		020.18800215
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		020.18800215
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		021.95664158
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		123.95664158
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		09.84469
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		010.773716
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		010.773716
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		09.651041
Osteosclerosis
An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.		02.0210
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		012.86459
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		012.86459
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		05.18180
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		06.28200
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		06.28200
Allodynia
[description not available]		03.360
Ache
[description not available]		012.637935
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		04.9691
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		012.637935
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		04.9691
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		010.06702
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		010.06702
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		02.0510
Jejunal Diseases
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.		04.6161
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		09.89413
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		02.0510
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		06.6262
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		06.6262
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.43240
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		010.43240
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		03.4570
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		03.4570
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.4220
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.4220
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.		02.110
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.110
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Aura
[description not available]		04.2770
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		04.2770
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		012.043210
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		012.043210
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		03.93130
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		03.93130
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		04.5190
Itching
[description not available]		013.63326
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		04.5190
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		08.63326
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		04.4751
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		04.4751
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides
[description not available]		03.2310
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		07.87251
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		07.87251
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Group of systemic vasculitis with a strong association with ANCA. The disorders are characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small and medium size vessels, with little or no immune-complex deposits in vessel walls.		03.2310
HPV Infection
[description not available]		04.3640
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		05.9231
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		05.9231
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		04.3640
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.5220
Verruca
[description not available]		013.263311
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		013.263311
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		07.4197
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		07.4197
Ectopic Ossification
[description not available]		03.8120
Temporomandibular Disorders
[description not available]		04.3930
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)		04.3930
Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria
[description not available]		04.0640
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		04.1660
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.		16.0640
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		03.99140
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		03.99140
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		02.610
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		02.610
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.9340
DRESS Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.9340
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.4110
Apoplexy
[description not available]		03.9221
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.4110
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		02.4110
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.4110
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		03.9221
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
[description not available]		03.3310
Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular
Diffuse outgrowth arising from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath around the joint cavity, with extension to surrounding soft tissue. It is characterized by pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-containing MACROPHAGES; FOAM CELLS; and multinucleated GIANT CELLS. It usually occurs in the hands and feet, and around large joints, such as in the ankle and knee joints.		03.3310
Adenopathy
[description not available]		04.2121
Pyrexia
[description not available]		013.29261
Adenitis
[description not available]		07.33131
Sore Throat
[description not available]		07.95142
Aphthae
[description not available]		07.33131
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		011.47327
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		08.29261
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		07.95142
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		07.33131
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		011.47327
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		03.3340
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		08.2960
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		06.65201
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		03.2960
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		06.65201
Tooth Fractures
Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.		02.610
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		08.66116
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		08.66116
Indigestion
[description not available]		012.25831
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		02.4220
Spasmophilia
[description not available]		02.4620
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		012.25831
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.8891
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.4220
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		03.3820
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		03.3820
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		03.3520
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		02.2110
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.2110
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		07.45161
Dermatoses
[description not available]		09.08232
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		07.45161
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		09.08232
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.2510
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.2510
Ankylosis of Teeth
[description not available]		02.2510
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.8130
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.8130
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		03.3220
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		03.3220
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		05.4480
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		015.5212136
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		117.5212136
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		07.66361
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		012.66361
Sparganosis
Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.		03.2310
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		03.2310
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		03.2310
Linear Skull Fracture
[description not available]		03.821
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.6730
Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.3110
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.6730
Pemphigoid, Bullous
A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.		02.3110
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		09.61483
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		09.61483
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		03.5311
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		06.5761
Molluscum Contagiosum
A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS). (Dorland, 27th ed)		010.3770
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		08.19352
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		08.19352
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.7130
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		019.4526774
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		07.5462
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		121.4526774
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Extra-Mammary Paget Disease
[description not available]		07.1710
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		02.1710
Paget Disease, Extramammary
A rare cutaneous neoplasm that occurs in the elderly. It develops more frequently in women and predominantly involves apocrine gland-bearing areas, especially the vulva, scrotum, and perianal areas. The lesions develop as erythematous scaly patches that progress to crusted, pruritic, erythematous plaques. The clinical differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial fungal infection. It is generally thought to be an adenocarcinoma of the epidermis, from which it extends into the contiguous epithelium of hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1478)		02.1710
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.1710
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		02.1710
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.0731
Shingles
[description not available]		07.96195
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		04.0731
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		07.96195
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		05.1370
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		05.1370
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.2110
Hyperprolactinaemia
[description not available]		03.3420
Hyperprolactinemia
Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)		03.3420
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.2110
Gastric Stasis
[description not available]		03.0910
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.4650
Gastroparesis
Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.		03.0910
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		05.2370
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		010.22424
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus
[description not available]		03.3920
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.		03.3920
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		04.1760
Conjunctival Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.9240
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.1760
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.63100
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.8991
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		05.8991
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		05.01150
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		05.01150
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.8940
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		09.39208
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.8940
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		09.39208
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		02.0810
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.7430
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		05.9193
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		013.816415
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		02.7430
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		010.9193
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		013.816415
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		05.2441
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		05.3572
Pericementitis
[description not available]		04.1231
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		02.110
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		09.1231
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		09.162712
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		09.772710
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		06.3891
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		09.162712
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		09.772710
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		010.13577
Anasarca
[description not available]		06.91271
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		010.13577
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		06.91271
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.4220
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		05.04420
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		04.2770
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		08.9950
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		04.2770
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		03.9950
Toxoplasmosis, Animal
Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.		02.0810
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		04.8150
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		04.8150
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		02.4420
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		02.4420
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		08.97442
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.1110
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		02.6830
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.4220
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.5320
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		09.67511
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.373711
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.5320
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		09.67511
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		09.373711
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		03.150
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		03.511
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		03.511
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		014.3712041
Viral Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Skin Diseases, Viral
Skin diseases caused by viruses.		02.4220
Eye Infections, Viral
Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.		02.1110
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		014.3712041
Conjunctivitis, Viral
Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.		02.1110
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		02.4120
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		07.4120
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		06.63121
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		014.9413037
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		06.63121
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		013.2514716
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		018.4319670
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		05.46110
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.1310
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.1310
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		05.46110
B. burgdorferi Infection
[description not available]		02.2110
Lyme Disease
An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.		07.2110
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.1310
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.1510
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		05.9652
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		05.9652
Pelvic Pain
Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.		02.9610
Mushroom Poisoning
Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.		02.730
Aberrant Tissue
[description not available]		02.940
Diverticulum, Meckel
[description not available]		04.83130
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		011.294410
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		011.294410
Cancer of Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.4420
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.1250
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.		02.4420
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		010.6871
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		05.32220
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		04.3880
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
[description not available]		07.3920
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.3420
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.3420
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		022.391,204486
Hay Fever
[description not available]		06.85117
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		124.391,204486
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		06.85117
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		03.150
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		03.150
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		07.04311
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		03.150
Allergy, Peanut
[description not available]		02.0510
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.		02.0510
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.0510
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.0510
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		014.5712726
Genital Warts
[description not available]		03.8340
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		08.8340
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		09.0731
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		04.2841
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		05.5161
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		013.496011
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		014.4714114
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		014.4714114
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.0510
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.0510
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		05.8891
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		04.2870
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		02.0510
Neurogenic Bowel
Loss or absence of normal intestinal function due to nerve damage or birth defects. It is characterized by the inability to control the elimination of stool from the body.		02.0510
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		05.23121
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		010.23121
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		03.2360
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		03.2360
Metastase
[description not available]		09.44256
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		09.44256
Buckley Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0510
Job Syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Most cases are sporadic. Of the rare familial forms, the dominantly inherited subtype has additional connective tissue, dental and skeletal involvement that the recessive type does not share.		02.0510
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.4220
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane
A chronic blistering disease with predilection for mucous membranes and less frequently the skin, and with a tendency to scarring. It is sometimes called ocular pemphigoid because of conjunctival mucous membrane involvement.		02.4220
Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.		07.3920
Keratoacanthoma
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.		07.0510
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		06.22131
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		06.22131
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		03.8140
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		04.0631
Lassitude
[description not available]		02.420
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		04.0631
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		02.420
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		08.89175
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		08.89175
Recrudescence
[description not available]		020.28429198
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		02.4220
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		08.54355
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
[description not available]		02.0510
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		06.4461
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.		02.0510
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy
[description not available]		02.0510
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.		02.0510
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		05.4282
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		010.4282
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		05.0352
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		05.0352
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0510
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		02.9810
Schistosoma japonicum Infection
[description not available]		02.0610
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.4220
Hives
[description not available]		011.355520
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.4220
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		011.355520
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		02.420
Action Tremor
[description not available]		08.5830
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		08.5830
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		03.2360
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		03.2360
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0610
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.0610
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.3920
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.3920
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		02.420
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		02.420
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		08.23232
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		08.69229
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		08.69229
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		05.8891
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		010.8891
Duodenal Diseases
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).		07.73287
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		05.7542
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		17.7542
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		05.3853
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		07.25132
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		03.4711
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		08.4711
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.4420
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		013.93542
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		08.93542
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		07.7132
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		07.27150
Esophageal Hernia
[description not available]		06.53100
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		07.7132
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		07.27150
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		09.84196
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		010.19386
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.6930
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		010.19386
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		04.4990
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.55170
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		011.225113
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		02.0110
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		011.225113
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		02.0110
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		05.05430
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		07.32102
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		04.6232
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		05.8891
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		07.32102
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		04.6232
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		05.8891
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		05.37140
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		05.37140
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		03.3911
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		07.73287
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		08.77178
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		05.4282
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		06.353
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		07.73287
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		010.4282
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		03.3911
IgA Vasculitis
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.		02.4220
Achlorhydria
A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.		06.16182
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.		02.4220
Anoxemia
[description not available]		03.92130
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		03.92130
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		013.218238
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		013.218238
Breathlessness
[description not available]		03.3120
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		03.3120
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		07.79124
Abdominal Cramps
[description not available]		02.6830
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		04.7571
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.		04.1560
Mast Cell Activation Disease
[description not available]		03.0750
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		02.4220
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		02.0110
Mastocytosis
A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).		03.0750
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.420
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.420
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		05.8891
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		05.8891
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		07.6630
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.3920
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		014.3611929
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		03.0750
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.3920
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		014.3611929
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		03.0750
Abdominal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.		02.6730
Infections, Listeria
[description not available]		02.3920
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		09.48346
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		09.22273
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		09.22273
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.		04.4551
Health Care Associated Infection
[description not available]		010.73167
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.3620
Cross Infection
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.		010.73167
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.3620
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		07.93152
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		02.6830
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		07.6830
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		07.81421
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		07.81421
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		02.3920
Peptic Ulcer Perforation
Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.		07.78411
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		03.8121
Neoplasm Seeding
The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.		02.0110
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.420
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.420
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		05.03160
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		010.03160
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		010.493812
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		014.8114354
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		014.8114354
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		02.0210
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		010.86132
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		04.3722
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		04.3722
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		03.580
Acute Porphyria
[description not available]		04.0150
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		08.580
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.		04.0150
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		03.3220
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.9310
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.9310
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		08.22251
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		08.22251
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		04.1460
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		02.0210
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		04.1460
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.9791
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		16.9791
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		05.5160
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		02.9140
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		02.9140
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		02.940
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		04.9790
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		04.9790
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		06.75430
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		04.59100
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.0210
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		04.59100
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.0210
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		03.4111
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		03.4111
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		03.4111
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		02.0210
Fetal Distress
A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.		01.9510
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		06.0862
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		05.22121
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		05.22121
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		03.3120
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		03.3120
Campylobacter Infection
[description not available]		09.03167
Bacteroidaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.		02.0310
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		05.0252
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		05.0252
Toxocariasis
Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.		02.0310
Infections, Yersinia
[description not available]		02.3920
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0310
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		013.97213
Hemorrhage, Oral
[description not available]		02.0310
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		08.97213
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.0310
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.2460
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.2460
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		09.61256
Synovioma
[description not available]		02.0310
Sarcoma, Synovial
A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)		02.0310
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		07.16122
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.9410
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		07.16122
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.9410
Pink Eye
[description not available]		02.0310
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0310
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5990
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.6730
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.243
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		07.2793
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		05.243
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		07.2793
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		04.3522
Hepatic Porphyria
[description not available]		02.0310
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.0310
Porphyrias, Hepatic
A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.		02.0310
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System
Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.		02.0410
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		02.0410
Carcinoma, Lobular
A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.		03.3320
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		03.840
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		05.8893
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		03.3770
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		03.3770
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		010.8893
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.3720
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		07.3720
Erosive Duodenitis
[description not available]		09.973111
Duodenitis
Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.		09.973111
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		016.2718719
Diathesis
[description not available]		04.4550
Abscess, Amebic
[description not available]		02.3820
Entamoeba histolytica Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.		02.3820
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
[description not available]		05.22121
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary
Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.		05.22121
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		010.11505
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		010.36141
Blue Tongue
[description not available]		02.3720
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.6530
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.8840
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.8840
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		010.223418
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		05.9174
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		04.2741
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.6630
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.		02.3720
Peliosis Hepatis
A vascular disease of the LIVER characterized by the occurrence of multiple blood-filled CYSTS or cavities. The cysts are lined with ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; the cavities lined with hepatic parenchymal cells (HEPATOCYTES). Peliosis hepatis has been associated with use of anabolic steroids (ANABOLIC AGENTS) and certain drugs.		02.3720
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.6630
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		07.31232
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		05.372
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.75120
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		06.18150
Cancer of Parathyroid
[description not available]		04.58100
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.75120
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		06.18150
Parathyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.		04.58100
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		012.093210
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		05.61102
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		05.61102
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		012.612513
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		012.612513
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		07.11176
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		07.11176
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		03.3411
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		03.3411
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral
[description not available]		01.9510
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		04.9631
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		01.9510
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.8740
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine
[description not available]		04.58100
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		01.9510
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.8740
Bewilderment
[description not available]		08.94432
Acne
[description not available]		05.61102
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		05.61102
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		02.6530
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		09.4551
Kerion Celsi
An inflammatory manifestation of tinea capitis with a pronounced swelling that develops into suppurative central and indurated peripheral area called kerion.		01.9610
Tinea Capitis
Ringworm of the scalp and associated hair mainly caused by species of MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.		06.9610
Bronchospasm
[description not available]		010.7783
Bronchial Spasm
Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.		05.7783
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		03.7621
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.58100
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.0650
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		04.58100
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.8740
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.8740
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		05.37100
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		03.5730
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		05.37100
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		06.21131
Candida Infection
[description not available]		06.71223
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		04.8480
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		06.71223
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		09.8480
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		011.42610
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		011.42610
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		02.3820
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		06.893
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		011.893
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		06.35153
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		06.35153
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		06.3382
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		04.0431
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		04.7371
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		04.2741
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		04.7371
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		04.2741
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.3620
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		07.3620
Enteropathy, Exudative
[description not available]		04.2770
Gastritis, Familial Giant Hypertrophic
[description not available]		05.6180
Protein-Losing Enteropathies
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.		04.2770
Sneezing
The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		04.3222
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		07.04191
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		07.04191
Galactorrhea
Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.		010.05100
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		07.79191
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.6630
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		07.79191
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.6630
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		08.24144
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		08.24144
Paranoia
[description not available]		07.3620
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		02.8740
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		06.44101
Anochlesia
[description not available]		02.3720
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		09.96150
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		03.2820
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		03.2820
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.8840
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.86173
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		02.3720
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.86173
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
[description not available]		05.1943
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).		05.1943
Impotence
[description not available]		07.35191
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.8810
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		04.2640
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		07.35191
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.8810
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		04.2640
Colonic Diseases, Functional
Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.		05.7442
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		09.581611
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		09.581611
Diseases of Endocrine System
[description not available]		06.19110
Endocrine System Diseases
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.		06.19110
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		014.43192
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		05.32220
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		06.6881
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		06.6881
Common Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		01.9510
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.7621
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic
[description not available]		01.9610
Avian Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.		01.9610
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		03.2820
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		03.2820
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.6630
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.6630
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		03.0650
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		03.66100
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		08.0650
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		03.66100
Drop Attack
[description not available]		01.9610
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		01.9610
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		04.2670
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		02.8810
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		04.0530
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		09.2670
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		02.8810
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		04.0530
Animal Diseases
Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.		01.9610
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		02.6530
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		03.0650
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		02.6530
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.6530
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.6530
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		05.14111
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		05.14111
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		04.5840
Hirsutism
A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.		06.68131
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.		04.5840
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		04.7650
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		04.7650
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		05.4282
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		05.4282
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		04.82130
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.8840
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		03.7940
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		03.7520
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		03.7520
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		03.7940
Xeroderma
[description not available]		02.8810
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		03.320
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		03.2820
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		03.7940
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		02.8810
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		03.320
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		03.2820
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		03.5730
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		02.6630
Cold Sore
[description not available]		01.9510
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.6530
Furrow Keratitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Herpes Labialis
Herpes simplex, caused by type 1 virus, primarily spread by oral secretions and usually occurring as a concomitant of fever. It may also develop in the absence of fever or prior illness. It commonly involves the facial region, especially the lips and the nares. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9510
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9510
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		01.9510
C gattii Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Cryptococcosis
Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.		01.9510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		07.85173
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		03.0750
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.3620
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		03.0650
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.3620
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		08.0650
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		03.5830
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		01.9610
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		03.5830
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		01.9610
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		05.05101
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.6630
Enterovirus Infections
Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.		02.3720
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.3720
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi
[description not available]		01.9610
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		03.840
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		03.7621
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		03.7621
Icterus
[description not available]		02.8940
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.		01.9610
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		07.8940
Infectious Endophthalmitis
Infectious condition of the internal eye.		01.9610
Endophthalmitis
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.		01.9610
E coli Infections
[description not available]		03.5730
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		03.5730
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		05.3751
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		05.3751
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		06.06210
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		06.21133
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		06.21133
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		05.5232
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		07.22212
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		07.22212
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		03.7521
Infection
[description not available]		010.6571
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		04.0430
Varicocele
A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.		02.8810
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		17.6571
Pyrosis
[description not available]		08.52199
Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.		110.52199
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8810
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		010.8351
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		07.8684
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		07.8684
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		03.2920
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		03.2920
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		05.8791
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		05.8791
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.8810
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		05.8351
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.		03.7520
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8810
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		02.8810
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		09.5940
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		02.8810
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.8810
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		03.2820
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.8810
Kidney Papillary Necrosis
A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.8810
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.2820
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.8810
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		02.8810
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.3570
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.3720
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.3570
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		04.2770
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		02.6630
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		04.2770
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		01.9610
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		03.7521
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		01.9610
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		01.9610
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0431
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		04.0431
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		01.9510
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		03.2260
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		03.2260
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		02.3720
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		02.3720
Ostertagiasis
A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus OSTERTAGIA.		02.3620
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		01.9610
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		01.9610
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		04.1360
Genital Herpes
[description not available]		02.3720
Herpes Genitalis
Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.		02.3720
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		03.0550
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		03.0550
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.3720
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary
Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.		02.3720
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		01.9610
Delayed Puberty
[description not available]		06.9610
Injuries, Spinal
[description not available]		01.9610
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma.		05.23120
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		04.0530
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		04.1360
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		04.0530
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		04.2741
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.3720
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.3720
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.0650
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0650
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		03.0650
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.0650
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.0650
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		03.5830
Granulomatosis, Lymphomatoid
[description not available]		01.9610
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		04.8342
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		09.8342
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		05.7783
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		05.7783
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		03.5730
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		03.5730
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		02.3720
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		02.3720
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.3620
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		07.3620
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		04.3122
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		07.8840
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.8840
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		05.1762
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		05.372
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		05.372
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		011.41161
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		06.41161
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		03.0650
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		04.3980
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		02.8840
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		05.4282
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		05.4282
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		02.3820
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		03.9750
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		02.8840
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		02.8840
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.8840
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		05.4180
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		05.4180
Adenohypophyseal Diseases
[description not available]		03.3411
Pituitary Diseases
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.		03.3411
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8840
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.8840
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		03.3411
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		03.3411
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		01.9510
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		01.9510
Esophageal Perforation
An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.		01.9510
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		07.8840
Hypogalactia
A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.		02.8840
Rupture, Spontaneous
Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.		01.9610
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		01.9610
Prinzmetal Angina
[description not available]		01.9610
Angina Pectoris, Variant
A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.		01.9610
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.3620
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.3620
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		03.3411
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		03.3411
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		02.6630
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		011.57310
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		06.57310
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		07.3820
Click-Murmur Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.3620
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		05.14111
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		01.9610
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.3620
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		05.14111
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		01.9610
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		06.84142
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		011.84142
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		03.3511
Esophagotracheal Fistula
[description not available]		02.3620
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy
[description not available]		01.9610
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.		06.9610
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		04.6721
Affective Disorders, Psychotic
Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.		02.3620
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.8940
Psychoses
[description not available]		02.3820
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		02.8940
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		07.3820
Pulmonary Stenoses
[description not available]		01.9610
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.3720
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.3820
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.3720
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.3820
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		03.0650
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		03.0650
Haemonchiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.		01.9610
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		01.9610
Amentia
[description not available]		02.8840
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		07.8840
Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.		01.9510
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.3620
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		02.3620
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		01.9510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		01.9510
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		01.9510
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9510
Rheumatism
[description not available]		03.5830
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		03.5830
Jaundice, Spirochetal
[description not available]		01.9510
Gastroesophageal Laceration-Hemorrhage
[description not available]		01.9610
Delayed Postpartum Hemorrhage
[description not available]		01.9610
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).		01.9610
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		03.7521
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		03.7521
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		04.6161
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		04.6161
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		05.1743
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		05.1743
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		01.9610
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		03.3411
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		01.9610
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		02.8710
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		02.8710
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		03.2820
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		04.3880
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		03.2820
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		03.2820
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8710
Postgastrectomy Syndromes
Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.		03.5730
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.6530
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.6530
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		01.9610
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		01.9610
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		01.9610
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		01.9610
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		01.9610
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome
A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Erythremia
[description not available]		02.8740
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		02.8740
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.8940
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		02.8940
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		02.3720
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3720
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		01.9610
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		01.9610
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		02.6630
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		02.6630
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9610
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.6630
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.6630
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.3620
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		03.3411
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		03.3411
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		05.1562
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		01.9610
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		01.9610
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		03.3411
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		03.3411
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.		01.9610
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.		01.9610
Malassezia furfur Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Tinea Versicolor
A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).		01.9610
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.3620
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		01.9510
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		02.3720
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.3620
Flatus
[description not available]		01.9610
Flatulence
Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.		01.9610
Belching
[description not available]		02.3720
Atresia, Esophageal
[description not available]		01.9610
Esophageal Atresia
Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.		06.9610
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		01.9610
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Bezoars
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.		07.6530
Ecchymosis
Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.		01.9610
Colonic Diverticulitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Urinary Bladder Fistula
An abnormal passage in the URINARY BLADDER or between the bladder and any surrounding organ.		01.9610
Cancer of Duodenum
[description not available]		04.661
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes
[description not available]		04.6721
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		02.8840
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		02.8840
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		06.9610
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9610
Day Blindness
[description not available]		01.9610
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9610
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		01.9610
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		01.9610
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.6730
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		01.9610
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9610
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		01.9610
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		01.9610
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		01.9610
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).		01.9610
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		01.9610
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		03.9850
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		03.9850
Candidiasis, Cutaneous
Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6530
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		04.0531
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		09.0531
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		09.05105
Dizzyness
[description not available]		01.9510
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		06.9510
Anemia, Splenic
[description not available]		01.9510
Palsy
[description not available]		02.3720
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		07.3720
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		02.3620
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.3620
CKD-MBD
[description not available]		01.9510
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder
Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.		01.9510
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		03.0750
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		03.0750
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		03.0750
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		03.0750
Infantile Diarrhea
[description not available]		01.9610
Diarrhea, Infantile
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.		01.9610
Cyst
[description not available]		01.9510
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity
[description not available]		01.9610
Psychoses, Alcoholic
A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.		01.9610
Asystole
[description not available]		02.3620
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.3620
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		06.783
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		06.783
Abdominal Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.		01.9810
Porphyria
[description not available]		04.590
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		04.590
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		08.3670
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		03.840
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		08.3670
Hemosiderosis
Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.		01.9810
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		08.840
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		01.9810
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		04.6132
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		06.1243
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		04.6132
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		06.1243
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		03.3711
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		03.3711
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		02.3920
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		01.9810
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		04.3322
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		01.9810
Achalasia
[description not available]		01.9810
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		01.9810
Esophageal Achalasia
A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).		01.9810
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		01.9810
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).		01.9810
Bilateral Deafness
[description not available]		01.9810
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		01.9810
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.6630
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		01.9810
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		01.9810
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		04.2841
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		04.2841
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9810
Fibrosis, Inflammatory Perianeurysmal
[description not available]		01.9810
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		01.9810
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
A slowly progressive condition of unknown etiology, characterized by deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space compressing the ureters, great vessels, bile duct, and other structures. When associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, it may be called chronic periaortitis or inflammatory perianeurysmal fibrosis.		01.9810
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		02.3820
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		07.3820
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		01.9810
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		01.9810
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.8940
Cutaneous Fistula
An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.		01.9810
Pancreatic Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.		04.6821
Insect Bites
[description not available]		02.3820
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		02.3820
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		07.6730
ATLL
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		01.9810
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		04.0531
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Cold Panniculitis
[description not available]		04.4750
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.3820
Venous Insufficiency
Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.		01.9810
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		05.1943
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		05.1943
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.3820
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.3820
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.3820
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		07.3820
Schistosoma haematobia Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Schistosomiasis haematobia
A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in AFRICA and parts of the MIDDLE EAST. Tissue damages most often occur in the URINARY TRACT, specifically the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9810
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.3920
Tuberculoma
A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.		01.9810
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		01.9810
Wounds, Gunshot
Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.		01.9810
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.3820
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		02.3820
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.6630
Coenuri Infection
[description not available]		04.9831
Cysticercosis
Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.		09.9831
Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria
[description not available]		02.3920
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		03.2920
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		03.2920
Adipocere
[description not available]		01.9810
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		02.910
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		04.3222
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		09.3222
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.3120
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		03.3120
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		01.9810
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.3820
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.3820
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		01.9810
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		01.9810
Tumour Lysis Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		01.9810
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		04.8342
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
A syndrome resulting from cytotoxic therapy, occurring generally in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. It is characterized by combinations of hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.		01.9810
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles
[description not available]		04.6921
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		06.63106
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		06.63106
ACD-MPV
[description not available]		02.3920
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome
A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).		02.3920
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		04.9931
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		05.7742
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		04.0531
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		01.9810
Atresia, Choanal
[description not available]		01.9810
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		01.9810
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.7721
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		03.7721
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		01.9810
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		01.9810
Carditis
[description not available]		01.9810
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		01.9810
Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous
A clinical syndrome characterized by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy.		02.3820
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		01.9810
Kawasaki Disease
[description not available]		01.9910
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.		01.9910
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		01.9910
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9910
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3820
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		02.910
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.6730
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		01.9910
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		01.9910
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		01.9910
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		04.0531
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		04.0531
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		07.6930
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.3920
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		01.9910
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		01.9910
Embryopathies
[description not available]		01.9910
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		05.8791
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		05.8791
Axonotmesis
[description not available]		02.910
Blunt Injuries
[description not available]		02.910
Trauma, Nervous System
Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.		02.910
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		01.9910
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		03.3220
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		01.9910
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		01.9910
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		04.9931
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		01.9910
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		04.3522
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		04.3522
Aspiration, Meconium
[description not available]		01.9910
Chylothorax
The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
A condition caused by inhalation of MECONIUM into the LUNG of FETUS or NEWBORN, usually due to vigorous respiratory movements during difficult PARTURITION or respiratory system abnormalities. Meconium aspirate may block small airways leading to difficulties in PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.		01.9910
Pleural Effusion
Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.		01.9910
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		03.3811
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		03.3811
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		03.3811
Bleb
[description not available]		02.3820
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.3820
Breast Cancer, Male
[description not available]		02.9110
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.		02.9110
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		03.3811
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		03.3811
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		01.9910
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		03.7821
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.		08.7821
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		01.9910
Meningitis, Meningococcal, Serogroup A
[description not available]		03.3811
Meningitis, Meningococcal
A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)		03.3811
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		03.3811
Bile Reflux
Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.		02.9110
Duodenal Reflux
[description not available]		05.241
Aschoff Bodies
[description not available]		01.9910
Joint Pain
[description not available]		01.9910
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		01.9910
Arthus Phenomenon
[description not available]		01.9910
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		03.2260
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		03.2260
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		01.9910
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		02.6930
Dirofilariasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.		02.3920
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		01.9910
Exanthem
[description not available]		03.3811
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		03.3811
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		01.9910
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		01.9910
Sulfhemoglobinemia
A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		02.3920
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		02.3920
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		01.9910
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		01.9910
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		01.9910
Hypoproteinemia
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.		01.9910
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		01.9910
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		0210
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		02.9110
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		02.9110
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		0210
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		0210
Tracheal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.		02.9110
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		02.9210
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		02.9210
Paraphilias
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		02.4120
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		02.4120
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.6730
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.6730
Acrania
[description not available]		02.9210
Allergy, Latex
[description not available]		02.9210
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.9210
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		03.3911
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		03.3911
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		0210
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.2920
Allergic Angiitis
[description not available]		0210
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Widespread necrotizing angiitis with granulomas. Pulmonary involvement is frequent. Asthma or other respiratory infection may precede evidence of vasculitis. Eosinophilia and lung involvement differentiate this disease from POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.		0210
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.9210
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.9210
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		03.3911
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		03.821
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.		0210
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		02.3920
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.8940
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		02.3920
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		0210
Air Sickness
[description not available]		0210
Conjugate Nystagmus
[description not available]		0210
Motion Sickness
Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.		0210
Intestinal Lymphangiectasis
[description not available]		02.9210
Central Nervous System Cysticercosis
[description not available]		03.3911
Neurocysticercosis
Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)		03.3911
Grippe
[description not available]		04.3111
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		04.3111
Low Bone Density
[description not available]		02.0110
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.		02.0110
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		02.0110
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		02.3920
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		02.3920
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9510
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		01.9510
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		02.3620
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.6530
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		02.3620
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.6530
Atypical Cluster Headache
[description not available]		04.5932
Cephalgia, Vascular
[description not available]		04.5932
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
[description not available]		03.2720
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		03.2720
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		01.9510
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		01.9510
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		08.4780
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.3720
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		03.2720
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9510
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		05.1562
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		02.3620
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		01.9510
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		01.9510
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		04.0431
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		04.0431
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		02.6630
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		02.6630
Acid-Base Imbalance
Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.		02.8710
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		02.8710
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		02.8710
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		01.9510
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		01.9510
Diverticula
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		01.9510
Laryngeal Spasm
[description not available]		01.9510
Laryngismus
A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.		01.9510
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		03.7521
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		08.7521
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.3620
Pneumopericardium
Presence of air or gas in the space between the heart and the PERICARDIUM. The degree of respiratory distress depends on the amount of trapped air and circulation blocked in the systemic and pulmonary veins.		01.9510
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		01.9510
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		02.3720
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		14.3720
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		01.9510
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		02.3620
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		07.3620
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		01.9510
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		01.9510
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		01.9510
Rupture
Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.		01.9510
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Colon Diverticula
[description not available]		02.3720
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		01.9510
Diverticulum, Colon
A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.		02.3720
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		02.3620
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		03.7621
Rotavirus Infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.		01.9810
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		06.9810
Spider Veins
[description not available]		01.9810
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		01.9810
Gastrin-Producing Tumor
[description not available]		04.0531
Gastrinoma
A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).		04.0531
MODS
[description not available]		03.3611
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		03.3611
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		02.8910
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.8910
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		02.8910
Cervicitis
[description not available]		04.2811
Infectious Skin Diseases
[description not available]		04.2811
Uterine Cervicitis
Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.		04.2811
Skin Diseases, Infectious
Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.		04.2811
Urethritis
Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.		04.2811
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		01.9710
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		01.9710
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		01.9710
Urethral Obstruction
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.		03.3611
Plica Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Synovitis
Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.		01.9710
Duodenal Obstruction
Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.		02.3720
Creeping Eruption
[description not available]		01.9710
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		03.2260
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		03.2260
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		01.9710
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9710
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		01.9710
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		01.9710
Echo Virus Infections
[description not available]		01.9710
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		01.9710
Bruxism
A disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of the teeth.		01.9710
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		01.9710
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		01.9710
Delusional Disorder
Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.		01.9710
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		01.9710
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		01.9710
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		01.9710
Infective Endocarditis
[description not available]		01.9710
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.		06.9710
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		04.3222
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		01.9710
Lymphocytosis
Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.		01.9710
Ileitis
Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		01.9710
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		01.9710
Neurologic Voice Disorder
[description not available]		03.3611
Voice Disorders
Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.		03.3611
Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis
[description not available]		01.9710
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		01.9710
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		01.9710
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		01.9710
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		01.9710
Athletic Injuries
Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.		01.9710
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		03.3611
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		08.3611
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		03.7621
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		08.7621
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		01.9710
Pre-Excitation Syndromes
A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS.		01.9710
Mahaim-Type Pre-Excitation
[description not available]		01.9710
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.3820
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.3820
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.5830
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.5830
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		02.3720
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.3720
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		07.3720
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		07.3720
Corpus Luteum Cyst
[description not available]		01.9710
Ovarian Cysts
General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.		01.9710
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		03.7621
Hemoptysis
Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.		01.9710
Cervical Dystonia
A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.		01.9710
Torticollis
A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.		01.9710
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		01.9710
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		02.3720
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		01.9710
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		01.9710
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		01.9710
Geotrichosis
Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.		01.9610
Sick Sinus Node Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2920
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.3720
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		07.3720
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		03.7621
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		01.9610
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		01.9610
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		02.3720
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		02.3720
Parotiditis
[description not available]		01.9710
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		01.9710
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary
[description not available]		01.9710
Apudoma
A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.		01.9710
Uveitis, Anterior
Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.		01.9610
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		01.9710
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		01.9710
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		01.9710
ARC
[description not available]		06.9710
AIDS-Related Complex
A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.		01.9710
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		01.9610
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		01.9610
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		01.9610
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		01.9610
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		01.9610
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		01.9710
Varices
[description not available]		01.9710
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		01.9710
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		01.9710
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		01.9710
Orbital Diseases
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		02.3720
Psychophysiologic Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)		01.9710
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		01.9710
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		01.9710
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		01.9710
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		03.7621
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		03.7621
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		01.9710
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		01.9710
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9710
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		01.9710
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		01.9710
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9710
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		01.9710
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		01.9710
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		01.9710
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		04.0431
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		04.0431
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		01.9610
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		01.9610
Infections, Legionella pneumophila
[description not available]		01.9610
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		01.9610
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		01.9610
Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial
[description not available]		01.9610
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction
[description not available]		02.8810
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction
Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.		02.8810
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		03.3511
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		03.3511
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		01.9610
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		01.9610
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		01.9610
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		06.9610
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		01.9610
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		01.9610
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
[description not available]		02.8810
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.		02.8810
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		01.9610
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		01.9610