Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 5943 |
| CHEMBL ID | 44814 |
| CHEBI ID | 27385 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 2466909 |
| MeSH ID | M0003376 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| kohlenstofftetrachlorid |
| ccl4 |
| CHEBI:27385 , |
| tetrachlorkohlenstoff |
| tetra |
| tetrachloridocarbon |
| carbon tet |
| carbontetrachloride |
| refrigerant r10 |
| carbon chloride |
| F10 , |
| methane tetrachloride |
| tetraform |
| czterochlorek wegla |
| tetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra |
| tetrachlorocarbon |
| flukoids |
| tetraclorometano |
| tetracloruro di carbonio |
| freon 10 |
| tetrafinol |
| nsc97063 |
| nsc-97063 |
| ent 4,705 |
| r 10 |
| carbona |
| carbon chloride (ccl4) |
| tetrachloromethane |
| univerm |
| vermoestricid |
| tetrachlorure de carbone |
| carbon tetrachloride |
| tetrachloormetaan |
| wln: gxggg |
| halon 104 |
| tetrachloorkoolstof |
| necatorina |
| benzinoform |
| tetrasol |
| 56-23-5 |
| necatorine |
| perchloromethane |
| tetrachlormethan |
| methane, tetrachloro- |
| NCGC00091016-02 |
| NCGC00091016-01 |
| tetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra [german] |
| rcra waste number u211 |
| tetrachloorkoolstof [dutch] |
| tetraclorometano [italian] |
| un1846 |
| epa pesticide chemical code 016501 |
| einecs 200-262-8 |
| czterochlorek wegla [polish] |
| tetrachlorure de carbone [french] |
| halon 1040 |
| carbon tetrachloride [bsi:iso] |
| tetrachlormethan [german] |
| hsdb 53 |
| ent 27164 |
| cc m0 |
| rcra waste no. u211 |
| nsc 97063 |
| tetrachlorure de carbone [iso-french] |
| tetracloruro di carbonio [italian] |
| ccris 123 |
| caswell no. 164 |
| chlorid uhlicity [czech] |
| r 10 (refrigerant) |
| ai3-04705 |
| C07561 |
| carbon tetrachloride, analytical standard |
| tetrachloride, carbon |
| perchorormethane |
| tetrachorocarbon |
| carbon tetrachloride, anhydrous, >=99.5% |
| L023972 |
| CHEMBL44814 |
| NCGC00091016-04 |
| NCGC00091016-03 |
| carbon tetrachloride [un1846] [poison] |
| carbon tetrachloride [nf] |
| chlorid uhlicity |
| ec 200-262-8 |
| cl2t97x0v0 , |
| unii-cl2t97x0v0 |
| NCGC00257593-01 |
| tox21_200039 |
| dtxcid20250 |
| cas-56-23-5 |
| tox21_111057 |
| dtxsid8020250 , |
| AKOS015903411 |
| carbon tetrachloride [mi] |
| carbon tetrachloride [hsdb] |
| carbon tetrachloride [iso] |
| carboneum chloratum |
| carbon tetrachloride [mart.] |
| carbon tetrachloride [who-dd] |
| carbon tetrachloride [iarc] |
| carbon tetrachloride [usp-rs] |
| carboneum chloratum [hpus] |
| BRD-K24169676-001-01-1 |
| carbon tetra- chloride |
| tetra-chloromethane |
| carbon-tetrachloride |
| carbon tetracloride |
| cl4c |
| tetrachlormethane |
| tetrachloro-methane |
| carbon tetrachioride |
| carbon tetra-chloride |
| tetrachloro methane |
| SCHEMBL2466909 |
| thawpit |
| seretin |
| katharin |
| benzenoform |
| un 1846 |
| mfcd00000785 |
| bdbm50237610 |
| F0001-1467 |
| carbon tetrachloride (1mg/ml in methanol) |
| carbon tetrachloride, reagent grade, 99.9% |
| carbon tetrachloride, for hplc, >=99.9% |
| carbon tetrachloride, 99% |
| tetrachloromethane 100 microg/ml in methanol |
| carbon chloride? |
| tetrachloromethane, 9ci |
| Q225045 |
| carbon tetrachloride 5000 microg/ml in methanol |
| carbon tetrachloride 100 microg/ml in methanol |
| carbon tetrachloride (iarc) |
| carbon tetrachloride (mart.) |
| carbon tetrachloride (13c) |
| carbon tetrachloride standard |
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an organic chemical that produces different tissue‑damaging effects when ingested or inhaled. It is a potent hepatotoxic agent causing hepatic necrosis and it is widely used in animal models for induction of acute and chronic liver damage.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been used extensively to study xenobiotic-induced oxidative liver injury. It has been found to increase the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide against murine leukemia P-388.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) treatment to rats has been more susceptible to peroxidative damage through production of trichloromethyl-free radicals. SphK1 was expressed in BMSCs in damaged liver.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4), a water disinfection by-product, at low environmentally relevant concentrations exerts adverse effects on mammals. Male rats were treated with acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrchloride and amiodarone (AD) at toxic doses.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " After pretreatment of mice with carbon tetrachloride the toxic effects of orally administered DOTC were increased." | ( Toxic effects of di-n-octyltin dichloride on the thymus in mice. Hennighausen, G; Lange, P, 1979) | 0.54 |
| " The result suggests that the acquired resistance to a toxic dose of furylfuramide is due to the acceleration of detoxication of the drug." | ( Development of resistance to hepatotoxic effect of furylfuramide by pretreatment with its subnecrotic doses and carbon tetrachloride. Horiuchi, T; Ohtsubo, K; Saito, M, 1978) | 0.47 |
| "A Porton and a hooded rat strain showed a raised LD50 for dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) when pre-conditioned on a protein-free and/or a sugar diet." | ( The effect of a protein-free diet, a sugar diet and of carbon tetrachloride administration on the toxicity and rate of metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in different rat strains. Parkin, R; Stoddart, DJ; Waynforth, HB, 1977) | 0.5 |
| "Mice were given a first dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and the LD50 of a second dose determined at various times later." | ( The effect of a dose of dimethylnitrosamine on the toxicity of a subsequent dose and on the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in mice. Pound, AW, 1975) | 0.47 |
| "A single intraperitoneal dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), from 0-004 to 0-5 ml/kg, protected male mice against the toxic effects of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)." | ( Protection by carbon tetrachloride against the toxic effects of dimethylnitrosamine in mice. Lawson, TA; Pound, AW, 1975) | 0.9 |
| "Mice were given progressively smaller doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and at intervals later the LD50 of a second dose was determined." | ( Reduction of carbon tetrachloride toxicity by prior administration of a single small dose in mice and rats. Lawson, TA; Pound, AW, 1975) | 0.88 |
| " The LD50 of DMN on the other hand was decreased for 3 days, after which it returned to normal." | ( Partial hepatectomy and toxicity of dimethyl-nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride, in relation to the carcinogenic action of dimethylnitrosamine. Lawson, TA; Pound, AW, 1975) | 0.5 |
| " Diabetics and persons who drink alcohol may have an increased risk of adverse effects following exposure to carbon tetrachloride." | ( Carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. , 1992) | 1.94 |
| "0 mg/ml could protect the hepatocytes against the toxic effects of CCl4 and d-GalN." | ( [Effect of d-catechin on carbon tetrachloride- and d-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes]. Fang, R, 1992) | 0.59 |
| " TCBM, like CT, reduces the hepatic level of GSH-S-transferase, increasing the amount of DBE available for cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism, with the production of toxic metabolites." | ( In vivo studies on halogen compound interactions. IV. Interaction among different halogen derivatives with and without synergistic action on liver toxicity. Aragno, M; Danni, O; Tamagno, E; Ugazio, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Oligomycin-sensitive Mg2(+)-ATPase was decreased significantly only starting at 6 hr (21%) after CCl4 administration, indicating that depletion of ATP at early time points was most likely due to rapid utilization consequent to toxic events." | ( Altered hepatic energy status in chlordecone (Kepone)-potentiated CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Kodavanti, PR; Kodavanti, UP; Mehendale, HM, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Since CCl4 is toxic by virtue of its bioactivation by the hepatomicrosomal cytochrome P-450 (cyt P-450) system, which is in turn destroyed, our first interest was to determine if cyt P-450 isozymes were selectively destroyed in this interaction." | ( Amplification of CCl4 toxicity by chlordecone: destruction of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 subpopulation. Chaudhury, S; Mehendale, HM, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "A major toxicological issue today is the possibility of unusual toxicity due to interaction of toxic chemicals upon environmental or occupational exposures to two or more chemicals, at ordinarily harmless levels individually." | ( Potentiation of halomethane hepatotoxicity by chlordecone: a hypothesis for the mechanism. Mehendale, HM, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " CD, known to potentiate hepatotoxic and lethal effects of halomethanes in rats, failed to potentiate the toxic effects of any of these three halomethanes in gerbils." | ( Hepatotoxicity and lethality of halomethanes in Mongolian gerbils pretreated with chlordecone, phenobarbital or mirex. Cai, Z; Mehendale, HM, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Moreover, free radicals (FR) produced as reactive intermediates or species during the metabolic activation of an increasing number of industrial chemicals or other toxic agents have been regarded as being primarily responsible for the toxicity of these compounds." | ( [Free radicals in industrial medicine: their mechanisms of toxicity and biological relevance]. Manno, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " In retrograde perfusion under low oxygen supply with Ca2+, CCl4 produced essentially the same toxic manifestations as those observed in the anterograde perfusion." | ( Effects of oxygen deficiency and calcium omission on carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in isolated perfused livers from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. Masuda, Y; Nakamura, Y, 1990) | 0.53 |
| " t-Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and octanol significantly decreased the LD50 of CCl4." | ( Potentiation of CCl4 and CHCl3 hepatotoxicity and lethality by various alcohols. Mehendale, HM; Ray, SD, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " It has been found that toxic doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, HgCl2, CCl4, cyclophosphamide and hydroxyurea, are responsible for the release of extracellular DNA in plasma, in a dose dependent relationship." | ( Quantitation of blood plasma DNA as an index of in vivo cytotoxicity. Alary, C; Appolinaire-Pilipenko, S; Bret, L; Fournié, GJ; Lulé, J; Pourrat, JP, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "Biliary epithelial cells (BEC) and parenchymal cells isolated from normal rat liver were exposed in vitro to a number of toxic compounds." | ( Menadione and cumene hydroperoxide induced cytotoxicity in biliary epithelial cells isolated from rat liver. Biocca, ME; Cheeseman, KH; Dianzani, MU; Parola, M; Slater, TF, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "142) were found to protect mice against the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which is due to cytochrome P-450 dependent formation of toxic metabolites and radicals." | ( In vivo effects of immunostimulating lipopeptides on mouse liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and on paracetamol-induced toxicity. Delaforge, M; Jaouen, M; Jollès, P; Mansuy, D; Migliore-Samour, D, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "A 50 mg/kg dose of dantrolene sodium decreased the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in fed and fasted rats, as indicated by lower levels of SGPT following a toxic dose of carbon tetrachloride; however, the dantrolene sodium pretreatment did not inhibit the induction of lipid peroxidation by carbon tetrachloride." | ( Inhibition of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity by dantrolene sodium. Born, CK; Davidson, CP; Hamrick, ME; Joyave, JL; Steinhauer, LS, 1986) | 0.87 |
| "The effect of toxic doses of acetaminophen on hepatic intracellular calcium compartmentation were studied in mice." | ( Effect of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity on hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal calcium contents in mice. Burcham, PC; Harman, AW, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " We applaud the EPA's decision to ban the use of 80/20 fumigants and also methyl bromide, and trust that similar toxic substances be carefully studied before their selection for replacing these previous toxic agents." | ( Synergistic neurotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride/carbon disulfide (80/20 fumigants) and other pesticides in grain storage workers. Chapman, L; Levine, RL; Matthews, CG; Peters, HA; Sauter, S, 1986) | 0.56 |
| " Considerable similarity was found among the behavioral effects of systemically toxic agents, three neurotoxicants (triethyltin, acrylamide, and 2,5-hexanedione), and the neuroleptic drug haloperidol." | ( Comparison of the behavioral effects of neurotoxic and systemically toxic agents: how discriminatory are behavioral tests of neurotoxicity? Gerber, GJ; O'Shaughnessy, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " The minimum concentration of the chemicals at which enzyme leakage from hepatocytes was significantly increased was defined as the lowest toxic concentration (TCL0)." | ( [Toxicity assessments of chemical substances using primary culture of rat hepatocytes]. Fang, JF; Ishikawa, S; Kitagawa, Y; Manabe, S; Nakajima, K; Wada, O; Yanagisawa, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Adverse effects of CCl4 included abnormal activities of several enzymes in serum and liver, decreased quantity of microsomal proteins in the liver, increased relative liver weight, and hydropic and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes." | ( Effects of the exposure profile on the inhalation toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in male rats. Appelman, LM; Beems, RB; Bogers, M; Feron, VJ; Notten, WR, 1987) | 0.51 |
| " CCl4 was approximately 16 times more toxic than CHCl3 to the hepatocytes." | ( Mechanisms of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride toxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Askari, AB; Goldblatt, PJ; Klaunig, JE; Lacher, DA; Pereira, MA; Ruch, RJ; Schultz, NE, 1986) | 0.56 |
| " In all test compounds, the acute oral toxicity (LD50) was determined under two conditions; control LD50 (LD50-cont." | ( Structure-toxicity relationship of monoketones. Hashimoto, K; Tanii, H; Tsuji, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The oral LD50 for each nitrile was determined under different conditions for mice pretreated with either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or olive oil." | ( Structure-acute toxicity relationship of dinitriles in mice. Hashimoto, K; Tanii, H, 1985) | 0.48 |
| " The results provided further evidence to suggest that a free radical-lipid peroxidation process may not be the primary mechanism of the toxic effects of paraquat." | ( Lack of effect of a purified diet on carbon tetrachloride or oxygen toxicity. Bond, JT; Evers, WD; Hook, JB, 1982) | 0.54 |
| " Forty-eight hour LD50 of CCl4 was decreased 26-fold by CD pretreatment." | ( Potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity and lethality by chlordecone in female rats. Agarwal, AK; Mehendale, HM, ) | 0.13 |
| " The LD50 were determined by the method of moving averages." | ( Acute hepatotoxicity and lethality of CCl4 in chlordecone-pretreated rats. Klingensmith, JS; Lockard, V; Mehendale, HM, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " This study suggests that chlordecone sensitizes the liver in ovariectomized rats as well to amplify the toxic effects of CCl4." | ( Chlordecone potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity in ovariectomized rats. Agarwal, AK; Mehendale, HM, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " It appears that a greater bioactivation of CCl4 in chlordecone treated animals resulted in an initial potentiation of toxic events in the liver cells." | ( Potentiation of halomethane hepatotoxicity: chlordecone and carbon tetrachloride. Mehendale, HM, 1984) | 0.51 |
| "Subacute (20 days) oral administration of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or the organohalide mixtures polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) greatly increased th susceptibility of male rats to the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)." | ( Synergistic toxicity of carbon tetrachloride and several aromatic organohalide compounds. Bernstein, J; Hook, JB; Kluwe, WM, 1982) | 0.75 |
| " The LD50 in mice pretreated with CCl4 (LD50-CCl4) was increased in most nitriles compared to that in untreated animals (LD50-cont." | ( Structure-toxicity relationship of aliphatic nitriles. Hashimoto, K; Tanii, H, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "Nine chemicals, with a range from extremely to slightly toxic, were used to measure the oral LD50 in both fasted (24-h) and non-fasted rats." | ( The effects of fasting on the acute oral toxicity of nine chemicals in the rat. Dashiell, OL; Kennedy, GL, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "Administration of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole or of two dithiolthiones to female CD-1 mice protected against the acute toxic effects of two hepatotoxic agents, acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride." | ( Chemoprotective effects of two dithiolthiones and of butylhydroxyanisole against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen toxicity. Ansher, SS; Bueding, E; Dolan, P, ) | 0.55 |
| " Modifying the toxicity with PM, together with a low dose of CCl4, helped to minimize secondary effects of CCl4, to clarify the sequence of toxic events, and to assess the sensitivity of some standard tests of hepatotoxicity." | ( Correlations between common tests for assessment of liver damage: indices of the hepatoprotective activity of promethazine in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Cheeseman, KH; Reddrop, CJ; Slater, TF, 1983) | 0.47 |
| "An animal model for the identification and definition of toxic liver damage, based on the investigation of the BSP metabolism in the rat is proposed." | ( Bromsulphalein (BSP) kinetics in the rat: a new approach in evaluating experimental hepatotoxicity. Biondi, AM; Cavanna, A; Macrì, G; Molino, G; Ugazio, G; Urigu, S, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The results show that a limitation to the use of cultured hepatocytes in toxicity tests is the lack of extrahepatic release mechanisms of toxic compounds." | ( The maintenance of cytochrome P-450 in liver cell culture: recent studies on P-450 mediated mechanisms of toxicity. Hockin, LJ; Paine, AJ, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The LD50 of hymenoxon following carbon tetrachloride pretreatment was increased to 630 +/- 20." | ( Toxicity of hymenoxon in Swiss white mice following pretreatment with microsomal enzyme inducers, inhibitors and carbon tetrachloride. Jones, DH; Kim, HL, 1981) | 0.75 |
| " In all test compounds, the acute toxicity was determined under 2 conditions: control LD50 (LD50-cont) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-pretreated LD50 (LD50-CCl4)." | ( Structure-acute toxicity relationship of aromatic hydrocarbons in mice. Hashimoto, K; Huang, J; Tanii, H, 1995) | 0.5 |
| " The results suggest that other factors are important determinants of age-associated changes in sensitivity to toxic chemicals." | ( Carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity as a function of age in female Fischer 344 rats. Cai, Y; Hornbrook, KR; Rikans, LE, 1994) | 1.73 |
| ") resulted in a significant increase in the hepatocellular necrosis produced by minimally toxic to moderately toxic doses of CCl4 (0." | ( Methamphetamine potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice. Harbison, RD; James, RC; Roberts, SM, 1994) | 0.57 |
| " One possibility is that Kupffer cells participant in this mechanism since CCl4 elevates calcium, and the release of toxic eicosanoids and cytokines by Kupffer cells is calcium-dependent." | ( The involvement of Kupffer cells in carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Edwards, MJ; Kauffman, FC; Keller, BJ; Thurman, RG, 1993) | 0.56 |
| " From these experiments, we conclude that retinol pretreatment decreases the severity of 2-nitronaphthalene and paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity, apparently by inhibiting the inflammatory responses associated with the progression of toxic injury." | ( Modulation of chemical-induced lung and liver toxicity by all-trans-retinol in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Sauer, JM; Sipes, IG, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "It is often assumed that at a younger age populations are at higher risk of toxic effects from exposure to toxic chemicals." | ( Efficient tissue repair underlies the resiliency of postnatally developing rats to chlordecone + CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Dalu, A; Mehendale, HM, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The results of these studies demonstrated that CS-mediated protection is not selective for a particular species, organ system or toxic chemical." | ( Cholesteryl hemisuccinate treatment protects rodents from the toxic effects of acetaminophen, adriamycin, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and galactosamine. Fariss, MW; Lippman, HR; Mumaw, VR; Ray, SD, 1997) | 0.51 |
| " Effects of both agents on maternal weight gain were slightly more pronounced in the aqueous vehicle at lower doses, but at the highest dose, CCl4 was more maternally toxic in corn oil." | ( Effect of dosing vehicle on the developmental toxicity of bromodichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in rats. Kavlock, RJ; Narotsky, MG; Pegram, RA, 1997) | 0.52 |
| " Results suggested the lipid peroxidative property of the copper salt which was associated with the toxic nature of the heavy metal, although, this effect was not as potent as that of CCl4." | ( Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. de Vera, MP; Pocsidio, GN, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " We examined the generality of this pattern in livers of rats given a minimally toxic dose of an hepatotoxin and in liver biopsy samples from patients who had taken overdoses of acetaminophen." | ( Zonal location of compensatory hepatocyte proliferation following chemically induced hepatotoxicity in rats and humans. Archer, MC; Cameron, RG; Lee, VM, ) | 0.13 |
| "Microsomal fractions from rat liver were examined by means of Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy to study the in vivo toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride administered by intraperitoneal injection." | ( Pharmacologic application of fourier transform IR spectroscopy: in vivo toxicity of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver. Déléris, G; Melin, AM; Perromat, A, 2000) | 0.73 |
| " The results indicate that oral betaine either improves recovery or reduces the toxic effects of CCl4 on cell organelles in liver cells of male Han-Wistar rats." | ( Reduction of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxic effects by oral administration of betaine in male Han-Wistar rats: a morphometric histological study. Junnila, M; Lindberg, LA; Rahko, T; Sukura, A, 2000) | 0.68 |
| " A differentiation of the intensity of toxic effects was found dependent on the time of the day at which animals were administered the xenobiotic." | ( Circadian variations in hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in mice. Piotrowski, JK; Skrzypińska-Gawrysiak, M; Sporny, S, 2000) | 0.57 |
| " These results illustrate the potential of microarray technology in the identification of novel gene changes associated with toxic processes." | ( Identification of a possible association between carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and interleukin-8 expression. Brooks, AN; Holden, PR; James, NH; Kimber, I; Pennie, WD; Roberts, RA, 2000) | 0.56 |
| " Not surprisingly, considerable efforts are being undertaken using our newly found understanding of molecular control to develop specific and safe chemical, biological, and molecular regulators of TNFalpha for potential therapeutic use." | ( The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. Blazka, ME; Bruccoleri, A; Gallucci, RM; Luster, MI; Matheson, JM; Simeonova, PP; Yucesoy, B, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " We studied the effects of TRZ on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and acetaminophen (APAP) in rats, both of which exert their toxic effects through bioactivation associated with cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and 2E1 (CYP2E1)." | ( Troglitazone enhances the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by inducing CYP3A in rats. Kaneko, T; Li, J; Qin, LQ; Sato, A; Wang, PY; Wang, Y, 2002) | 0.56 |
| "The p8 protein is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell defense against the adverse effects of stress." | ( Inactivation of stress protein p8 increases murine carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity via preserved CYP2E1 activity. Arnaud, C; Dagorn, JC; Garcia, S; Iovanna, JL; Malicet, C; Rocchi, P; Taïeb, D; Vasseur, S, 2005) | 0.58 |
| "In the field of gene expression analysis, DNA microarray technology has a major impact on many different areas including toxicogenomics, such as in predicting the adverse effects of new drug candidates and improving the process of risk assessment and safety evaluation." | ( Relationship between hepatic gene expression profiles and hepatotoxicity in five typical hepatotoxicant-administered rats. Kato, H; Katoh, M; Minami, K; Nakajima, M; Narahara, M; Saito, T; Sugiyama, H; Tomita, H; Yokoi, T, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid obtained from KF appear to contribute to alleviating the adverse effects of CCl4 treatment by enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system." | ( Momordin Ic and oleanolic acid from Kochiae Fructus reduce carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Cho, SY; Choi, JW; Kim, NY; Kim, SH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JS; Lee, MK; Park, HJ; Park, MJ, 2005) | 0.57 |
| "Administration of the non-metabolizable organic anion indocyanine green (ICG) prior to a toxic dose of acetaminophen (4-acetamidophenol; APAP) reduces liver injury 24h after dosing." | ( Cholestasis induced by model organic anions protects from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice. Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " It has been shown to metabolize 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) with high catalytic efficiency through its conjugation to glutathione (GSH) and has been suggested to be a major component of cellular defense against toxic electrophiles such as 4-HNE generated during LPO." | ( The course of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity is altered in mGSTA4-4 null (-/-) mice. Awasthi, YC; Boor, PJ; Ceci, JD; Dwivedi, S; Sharma, A; Sharma, R; Zimniak, P, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " This process leads to trichlormethyl radical (*CCl3) formation, initiation of lipid peroxidation, and measurable toxic effects on the hepatocytes." | ( Effect of benzophenones from Hypericum annulatum on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Kitanov, G; Kondeva, M; Mitcheva, M; Nedialkov, P; Vitcheva, V, 2006) | 0.58 |
| " In conclusion, our results indicate that, although sage tea did not have toxic effects of its own, herb-drug interactions are possible and may affect the efficacy and safety of concurrent medical therapy with drugs that are metabolized by phase I enzymes." | ( Drinking of Salvia officinalis tea increases CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Fernandes-Ferreira, M; Lima, CF; Pereira-Wilson, C, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Male rats were treated with acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCL), amiodarone (AD) or tetracycline (TC) at toxic doses." | ( Genomic cluster and network analysis for predictive screening for hepatotoxicity. Fukushima, T; Hamada, Y; Horii, I; Kikkawa, R, 2006) | 0.59 |
| " Treatment of the toxic hepatitis with heptral increased the level of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, glutation activity of glutationetranspherase glutathione and reduced content of homocysteine." | ( [Efficacy and safety of heptral, vitamin B6 and folic acid during toxic hepatitis induced by CCL4]. Antelava, NA; Gogoluari, LI; Gogoluari, MI; Okudzhava, MV; Pirtskhalaĭshvili, NN, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), a water disinfection by-product, at low environmentally relevant concentrations exerts adverse effects on mammals." | ( Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to Dunaliella salina, an environmentally tolerant alga. Jiang, JG; Zhu, YH, 2008) | 2.17 |
| " As model toxic compounds lipopolysaccharide (LPS, inducing inflammation), paracetamol (necrosis), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4), fibrosis and necrosis) and gliotoxin (apoptosis) were used." | ( Microarray analysis in rat liver slices correctly predicts in vivo hepatotoxicity. Bauerschmidt, S; Draaisma, AL; Elferink, MG; Groothuis, GM; Merema, MT; Olinga, P; Polman, J; Schoonen, WG, 2008) | 0.56 |
| " Carbon tetrachloride is also well known for hepatic and renal toxic actions." | ( Ameliorative action of cyanobacterial phycoerythrin on CCl(4)-induced toxicity in rats. Madamwar, D; Soni, B; Visavadiya, NP, 2008) | 1.26 |
| " As a consequence, intracellular levels of ATP markedly decreased in the liver, allowing increased production of toxic CCl(4) derivatives." | ( The protective role of Per2 against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Chen, P; Dong, W; Li, C; Pang, W; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2009) | 0.63 |
| " Oral administration of the leaf extract at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the toxic effects of CCl(4)." | ( Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Padma, PR; Sreelatha, S; Umadevi, M, 2009) | 0.6 |
| " Histopathological results also suggested the hepatoprotective activity of ononitol monohydrate with no adverse effect." | ( Potential hepatoprotective activity of ononitol monohydrate isolated from Cassia tora L. on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Agastian, P; Dhanasekaran, M; Ignacimuthu, S, 2009) | 0.57 |
| " It was concluded that repeated daily doses of aqueous extracts of PC mushroom reduced the toxic effects exerted by CCl4 on the liver." | ( Protective effect of Pleurotus cornucopiae mushroom extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. El, BK; Fujita, S; Hashimoto, Y; Ibrahim, ZS; Ikenaka, Y; Ishizuka, M; Kazusaka, A; Muzandu, K, 2009) | 0.59 |
| " These results suggest that the extract as well as the constituents could protect the hepatocytes from CCl(4)-induced liver damage perhaps, by their anti-oxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites from CCl(4)." | ( In vitro antioxidant and in vivo prophylactic effects of two gamma-lactones isolated from Grewia tiliaefolia against hepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Dandin, CJ; Khadeer Ahamed, MB; Krishna, V, 2010) | 0.56 |
| " The present study investigates the susceptibility of liver to the toxic actions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in a rat model of IR, induced by feeding a high-fructose diet (60 g/100 g) for 30 days." | ( Insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet potentiates carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Anuradha, CV; Pooranaperundevi, M; Sumiyabanu, MS; Sundarapandiyan, R; Viswanathan, P, 2010) | 0.83 |
| " An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems." | ( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " It could be concluded that honey and KGE protect SD rats against the severe CCl(4)-induced hepatic and renal toxic effects." | ( Dietary honey and ginseng protect against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Abdel-Wahhab, MA; Al-Gahazali, MA; El Denshary, ES; Hassan, NS; Mannaa, FA; Salem, HA, 2012) | 0.64 |
| " The toxic effects of DEG in rats with pre-existing liver cirrhosis are significantly reduced, which may be due to the decreased hepatic ADH activity." | ( Pre-existing liver cirrhosis reduced the toxic effect of diethylene glycol in a rat model due to the impaired hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. , 2011) | 0.37 |
| " However, some herbs, such as rhubarb, have been documented as having both therapeutic and toxic effects on the liver, leading to the complex problem of distinguishing the benefits from the risks of using this herb." | ( Hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L. in treating rat liver injury. Fang, F; Jin, C; Kong, WJ; Liu, DJ; Wang, HJ; Wang, JB; Xiao, XH; Zhang, L; Zhao, HP; Zhao, YL, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Some drugs in this formula have toxicities that might result in some adverse effects of DHZCP." | ( Evaluation of the liver protection and toxicity of Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pill in rats. Jia, L; Kong, WJ; Ren, HL; Wang, JB; Xiao, XH; Xing, XY; Zhang, P; Zhao, YL; Zhong, YW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " In conclusion, we discovered metabolite biomarkers belonging to three different metabolic pathways to check for liver toxicity with mass spectrometry from a metabolomics study that could be used to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by drugs or other toxic compounds." | ( Discovery of common urinary biomarkers for hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen and methotrexate by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Chung, BC; Jung, BH; Kumar, BS; Kwon, OS, 2012) | 0.61 |
| " The plant proved to be safe for human use because it did not induce any signs of toxicity or mortality in mice when administered orally at doses up to 5000 mg kg(-1)." | ( Hepatoprotective activity of Cyperus alternifolius on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Alqasoumi, SI; Awaad, AS; El-Gindi, OD; El-Sayed, DF; Soliman, GA, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " Dangfei Liganning capsules potentially decrease this toxic susceptibility and alleviate liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver." | ( Dangfei liganning capsules attenuate the susceptibility of rat nonalcoholic fatty liver to carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Ge, YL; Ji, G; Li, DF; Liu, P; Liu, T; Mao, ZM; Song, HY; Yang, LL; Zhang, L; Zhang, XQ; Zheng, PY, 2011) | 0.59 |
| " Group II was toxic control and was given a single dose of CCl(4) on 8th days." | ( Lygodium flexuosum extract down regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Asha, VV; Wills, PJ, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The toxic chemicals tested were carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin (a popular anti-tumor agent), and a widely used herbicide, paraquat." | ( Influence of 50-nm polystyrene particles in inducing cytotoxicity in mice co-injected with carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin, or paraquat. Ishida, I; Isoda, K; Nagai, Y; Shimizu, Y; Tezuka, E; Tezuka, M; Yufu, T, 2012) | 0.88 |
| " The toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and arsanilic acid (Ars) were evaluated by measuring the expressions of Cytokeratin (CK18) and GATA binding protein 4 (GATA-4) and the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during the hepatic differentiation process." | ( Evaluation of hepatotoxicity of chemicals using hepatic progenitor and hepatocyte-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells: effect of chemicals on ESC-derived hepatocyte differentiation. Cho, JH; Jeong, SH; Kang, HG; Kang, SJ; Kim, EJ; Park, SW; Park, YI; Shin, HS; Son, SW, 2013) | 0.7 |
| "The available conventional remedies for the treatment of drug-induced liver diseases are highly inadequate and possess serious adverse effects; therefore, the development of new, effective drugs is considered necessary." | ( Ameliorative effects of 7-methylcoumarin and 7-methoxycoumarin against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sancheti, S; Seo, SY, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " officinalis is safe and possesses antihepatotoxic potential." | ( Preliminary phytochemical, acute oral toxicity and antihepatotoxic study of roots of Paeonia officinalis Linn. Ahmad, F; Tabassum, N, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Histological examinations revealed that SP2 was more potent than SP1 in protecting the liver from toxic injury of CCl4 and preserving the hepatocyte ultrastructure." | ( Protective effect of Spirulina platensis enriched in phenolic compounds against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. Bayat, N; Çelik, A; Kepekçi, RA; Polat, S; Saygideger, SD, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Liver is a vital organ for the detoxification of toxic substances present in the body and hepatic injury is associated with excessive exposure to toxicants." | ( Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat is reversed by treatment with riboflavin. Ahmad, SF; Al-Harbi, MM; Al-Harbi, NO; Imam, F; Iqbal, M; Nadeem, A, 2014) | 1.85 |
| "Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a highly toxic industrial solvent with pronounced systemic toxicity including brain." | ( Hesperidin restores experimentally induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Naseem, M; Parvez, S, 2014) | 1.85 |
| "The human body is exposed nowadays to increasing attacks by toxic compounds in polluted air, industrially processed foods, alcohol and drug consumption that increase liver toxicity, leading to more and more severe cases of hepatic disorders." | ( Effect of apitherapy formulations against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in Wistar rats after three weeks of treatment. Andritoiu, CV; Andritoiu, V; Ochiuz, L; Popa, M, 2014) | 0.67 |
| " The LD50 of MSE was more than 5000 mg/kg." | ( Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Melaleuca styphelioides on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Al-Sayed, E; El-Lakkany, NM; Hammam, OA; Sabra, AN; Seif El-Din, SH, 2014) | 0.63 |
| "The liver is an important organ for its ability to transform xenobiotics, making the liver tissue a prime target for toxic substances." | ( Protective effect of bixin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Guelfi, M; Maioli, MA; Medeiros, HC; Mingatto, FE; Moreira, PR; Pereira, FT, 2014) | 0.69 |
| " Microarray data of rat PCLS exposed to APAP andCCl4was generated using a toxic dose based on decrease in ATP levels." | ( Acute toxicity of CCl4 but not of paracetamol induces a transcriptomic signature of fibrosis in precision-cut liver slices. Elferink, ML; Groothuis, GM; Olinga, P; Schoonen, WG; Vatakuti, S, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The toxic rat group received CCl4, while the treatment group received CCl4+P." | ( Effects of Pistacia Atlantica Extract on Erythrocyte Membrane Rigidity, Oxidative Stress, and Hepatotoxicity Induced by CCl4 in Rats. Mirzaei, A; Tolooei, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "001) reduced compared with those of toxic rats." | ( Effects of Pistacia Atlantica Extract on Erythrocyte Membrane Rigidity, Oxidative Stress, and Hepatotoxicity Induced by CCl4 in Rats. Mirzaei, A; Tolooei, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The LD50 value at 24 h was approximately 5950 mg/kg." | ( Hepatoprotective effect of cold-pressed Syzygium aromaticum oil against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. El-Hadary, AE; Ramadan Hassanien, MF, 2016) | 0.67 |
| "The present in vivo study revealed that the long term usage of ZES was safe for organs in laboratory animals." | ( Pharmacological safety evaluation of a traditional herbal medicine "Zereshk-e-Saghir" and assessment of its hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Mandegary, A; Nematollahi, MH; Pardakhty, A; Sarhadynejad, Z; Sattaie-Mokhtari, S; Sharififar, F, 2016) | 0.64 |
| " These findings were confirmed with the histopathological observations, where SFEE was capable of reversing the toxic effects of CCl4 on liver cells compared to that observed in CCl4-intoxicated animals." | ( Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Salix subserrata against CCl4-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. Abouzied, MM; Eltahir, HM; Hamed, AN; Wahid, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " MBM administration significantly alleviated the toxic effect of CCl4 in rat and decreased the elevated level of RBCs, pus and epithelial cells, specific gravity, creatinine, urobilinogen, urea and albumin while increased the pH and urinary protein." | ( Protective effects of Monotheca buxifolia fruit on renal toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Jan, S; Khan, MR, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "8) against the toxic group (51." | ( Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. extracts on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Akbar, S; Bushra, R; Ghayas, S; Hussain, K; Ishtiaq, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " intybus distillate, as a safe herbal remedy, can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative damages via boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system." | ( Composition and Anti-Toxicity Effects of Cichorium intybus Distillate on Serum Antioxidant Status in Carbon Tetrachloride-Treated Rats. Fakher, S; Ghafouri, R; Khoshdel, Z; Molaei, M; Namavari, M; Seghatoleslam, A; Zal, F, 2021) | 0.84 |
| "The use of nanoparticle to encapsulate BBR is a worthy approach to enhance the curative effect of BBR against liver injuries, which donate a safe and effective drug delivery strategy to treat liver injuries." | ( The inhibitory effect of PLGA-encapsulated berberine on hepatotoxicity and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene expression. Ahrari, A; Najafzadehvarzi, H; Taravati, A; Tohidi, F, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " It is estimated that an average of 70,000 industry workers in Europe are exposed to this toxic compound." | ( Effects of infliximab against carbon tetrachloride-induced spleen toxicity in rats. Arslan, N; Bahcecı, I; Duran, OF; Ibık, YE; Mercantepe, T; Tumkaya, L; Yılmaz, H, 2023) | 1.2 |
| " Rodent models of D-GalN-induced fibrosis are not recommended due to the long incubation period and weak toxic effect." | ( Dynamics of Chronic Liver Injury in Experimental Models of Hepatotoxicity. Bogunia, E; Czekaj, P; Grajoszek, A; Hermyt, M; Kolanko, E; Król, M; Limanówka, Ł; Michalik, M; Pająk, J; Prusek, A; Sikora, B; Skubis-Sikora, A, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Hepatic cell injury occurs by the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), xenobiotics, and other toxic substances through cytochrome P450-dependent steps resulting from the covalent bond formation with lipoproteins and nucleic acids." | ( An in vivo and in silico evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential of Gynura procumbens: A promising agent for combating hepatotoxicity. Afrin, SS; Aktar, F; Akter, T; Amran, MS; Anjum, J; Bahar, NB; Chowdhury, AA; Chowdhury, JA; Jahan, I; Kabir, S; Koly, FJ; Reza, MS; Sen, P; Sultana, A; Tahsin, MR; Tasnim, S; Tithi, TI; Zaman, TS, 2023) | 1.13 |
| " However, rats fed with CPS exhibited mitigation of CCl4-induced toxic effects on hematological parameters and hepatotoxicity." | ( Cakes fortified with papaya seeds effectively protects against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity. Abdel-Hameed, SM; Gazwi, HSS; Soltan, OIA, 2023) | 0.91 |
The relationships between the pharmacokinetic behaviour of glycyrrhizin and its restorative effect for hepatic function were investigated in patients with chronic hepatitis and in rats chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-treated rats.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Animals pretreated with this hepatotoxic agent showed a significant prolongation in the half-life of diazepam in plasma that is due more to an increase in volume of distribution rather than to a decrease in clearance." | ( Pharmacokinetics of diazepam in the rat: influence of a carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury. Díaz-García, JM; Fos-Galve, D; Oliver-Botana, J, 1992) | 0.53 |
| " CCl4 was eliminated from the blood at approximately the same rate in the iv and po groups, as reflected by similar elimination rate constant and half-life values." | ( Effect of dosing vehicles on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carbon tetrachloride in rats. Bruckner, JV; Dallas, CE; Gallo, JM; Kim, HJ, 1990) | 0.51 |
| " The elimination of 14C activity was measured in the expired air, urine, and feces for up to 100 hr following exposure and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined." | ( A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of carbon tetrachloride in the rat following repeated inhalation exposures of 8 and 11.5 hr/day. Born, GS; Carlson, GP; Christian, JE; Paustenbach, DJ, 1986) | 0.53 |
| " Based on pharmacokinetic principles, persons who work 10-12 h shifts and are exposed to chemicals with a terminal half-life between 5 and 200 h will absorb a larger quantity of the toxicant or have higher peak blood levels than persons who work 8-h shifts." | ( A linear systems approach to analyzing the pharmacokinetics of carbon tetrachloride in the rat following repeated exposures of 8 and 11.5 h/day. Carlson, GP; Paustenbach, DJ; Suarez, L; Veng-Pedersen, P, 1987) | 0.51 |
| " A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model which incorporated partition characteristics of CCl4 (blood:air and tissue:blood partition coefficients), anatomical and physiological parameters of the test species (body weight, organ weights, ventilation rates, blood flows, etc." | ( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for inhaled carbon tetrachloride. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Gargas, ML; Paustenbach, DJ, 1988) | 0.52 |
| "The blood level and the basic pharmacokinetic parameters (kel, Cop, T 1/2, AUC) of amoxicillin trihydrate were studied following its oral application to albino rats with experimentally injured kidneys (potassium chromate) and liver (tetrachloromethane)." | ( [Changes in amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in white rats with experimentally damaged kidneys and liver]. Fink-Gremels, J; Lashev, L, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "To estimate the rate of CCl4 metabolism in vivo by using an inhalation pharmacokinetic approach based on arterial blood:air concentration ratios, the blood CCl4 concentrations (Cart) at the end of 5-hr exposure to varying concentrations of CCl4 in inhaled air (Cinh) were determined in male, naive rats and in rats pretreated with po administration of 100 or 200 microliters CCl4/100 g body weight 24 hr before exposure." | ( Inhalation pharmacokinetics of carbon tetrachloride in rats based on arterial blood:inhaled air concentration ratios. Uemitsu, N, 1986) | 0.56 |
| " Comparison pharmacokinetic studies were done with 14CHCl3 and Na(2)14CO3." | ( Metabolism of [14C]carbon tetrachloride to exhaled, excreted and bound metabolites. Dose-response, time-course and pharmacokinetics. Farrish, HH; Moslen, MT; Reynolds, ES; Treinen, RJ, 1984) | 0.6 |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed a delayed plasma disappearance of cyclophosphamide after carbon-tetrachloride pretreatment with an apparent initial half-time of 20." | ( Carbon tetrachloride-induced increase in the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide in mice: a pharmacokinetic study. Appel, PL; Basseches, PJ; Durski, AM; Harris, RN; Powis, G, 1984) | 1.71 |
| " Thus, substantially higher Cmax and AUC0 integral of infinity values were manifest." | ( Effect of route and pattern of exposure on the pharmacokinetics and acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. Bruckner, JV; Dallas, CE; Kim, HJ; Muralidhara, S; Sanzgiri, UY, 1995) | 0.51 |
| "Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models developed from gas uptake experiments have been used to estimate metabolic parameters for volatile organic compounds." | ( Applications of sensitivity analysis to a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for carbon tetrachloride in rats. Crank, WD; Evans, MV; Simmons, JE; Yang, HM, 1994) | 0.51 |
| " A physiological pharmacokinetic model, based primarily on parameters available in the literature, and the F input functions, formed a hybrid model that adequately described the observed blood CCl4 concentration-time data." | ( A physiological and system analysis hybrid pharmacokinetic model to characterize carbon tetrachloride blood concentrations following administration in different oral vehicles. Bruckner, JV; Cheung, LL; Gallo, JM; Gillespie, WR; Kim, HJ, 1993) | 0.51 |
| " The pharmacokinetic analysis of these data showed that the decreased total plasma clearance of ICG in GAL and CCl4 rats results from both lowered influx across the sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes and the decreased hepatic plasma flow." | ( Pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green in rats with experimentally induced hepatic diseases. Kimura, T; Kurosaki, Y; Nakayama, S; Nakayama, T; Yamao, T, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Tissue dosimetry at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic levels is achievable with simple and complex, but chemically defined, mixtures." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of chemical mixtures and possible applications in risk assessment. Benjamin, SA; el-Masri, HA; Thomas, RS; Yang, RS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " We believe that 'Predictive and Alternative Toxicology' in terms of tissue dosimetry at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic levels is achievable with simple and complex but chemically defined mixtures." | ( The use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic dosimetry models for chemical mixtures. Constan, AA; el-Masri, HA; Thomas, RS; Yang, RS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In this study, a pharmacokinetic model has been developed to calculate the concentration of CCl4 in the microsomal suspension." | ( A pharmacokinetic model of anaerobic in vitro carbon tetrachloride metabolism. Adamovic, JB; Allis, JW; Andersen, ME; Andersen, NJ; Simmons, JE; Thompson, DJ; Waller, CL, 1996) | 0.55 |
| " The objective of the present study was to use gas uptake data and the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) to determine in vivo changes in CCl4 metabolism resulting from MeOH pretreatment." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic estimated metabolic constants and hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride after methanol pretreatment in rats. Evans, MV; Simmons, JE, 1996) | 0.52 |
| " No toxicologically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters as a function of Emulphor concentration were found." | ( Effect of Emulphor, an emulsifier, on the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of oral carbon tetrachloride in the rat. Bruckner, JV; Sanzgiri, UY, 1997) | 0.52 |
| " Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling has been applied successfully to single chemicals; its utility for extrapolation across species and dose has been demonstrated." | ( Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to combination toxicology. Simmons, JE, ) | 0.13 |
| " The plasma concentrations of the drug in bile duct-linked rats approximately agreed with the simulation curve by the model, with the peak concentration 6-7 h after dosing." | ( Pharmacokinetic analysis of enterohepatic circulation of etodolac and effect of hepatic and renal injury on the pharmacokinetics. Iwaki, M; Kitagawa, T; Ogiso, T; Tanino, T, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "The relationships between the pharmacokinetic behaviour of glycyrrhizin and its restorative effect for hepatic function were investigated in patients with chronic hepatitis and in rats chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4-treated rats)." | ( The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin and its restorative effect on hepatic function in patients with chronic hepatitis and in chronically carbon-tetrachloride-intoxicated rats. Aikawa, T; Iga, T; Kotaki, H; Sawada, Y; Tanaka, N; Yamamura, Y, 1997) | 0.48 |
| " The metabolic elimination amounts at various exposure concentrations were extrapolated using the estimated pharmacokinetic parameters." | ( Estimation of absorption of trihalomethanes and carbon tetrachloride in low-level exposure by inhalation pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. Andoh, K; Fukuhara, M; Yoshida, T, 1999) | 0.56 |
| " This simple and sensitive assay method was feasibly applied to the pharmacokinetic study of propranolol after intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg of propranolol to normal and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhotic rats." | ( Determination of propranolol concentration in small volume of rat plasma by HPLC with fluorometric detection. Hong, JH; Kang, JS; Kim, HK; Lee, MH; Park, MS, 2001) | 0.5 |
| "2 ml/kg), and examined the daily changes of the pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide (SAM) for five days." | ( Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract and its components, Baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, on pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Hamaguchi, Y; Hirayama, K; Ishida, S; Kishimoto, M; Taira, Z; Ueda, Y; Yabe, K, 2004) | 0.52 |
| "The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic changes of verapamil and its major metabolite, norverapamil, after oral administration of verapamil (10 mg/kg) in rabbits with slight, moderate and severe hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride." | ( Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its major metabolite, norverapamil from oral administration of verapamil in rabbits with hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride. Burm, JP; Choi, JS, 2005) | 0.71 |
| " The magnitude of the PK component of the interindividual variability factor (IVF; also referred to as human kinetic adjustment factor (HKAF)) has previously been estimated using Monte Carlo approaches and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models." | ( Estimation of interindividual pharmacokinetic variability factor for inhaled volatile organic chemicals using a probability-bounds approach. Krishnan, K; Nong, A, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The pharmacokinetic profile of ceftriaxone was studied in female healthy goats, induced hepatopathic and nephropathic goats after a single intravenous dose at 50 mg kg(-1)." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in carbontetrachloride-induced hepatopathic and uranyl nitrate-induced nephropathic goats following single dose intravenous administration. Chakraborty, AK; Das, SK; Mandal, TK; Sar, TK, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Pharmacokinetic alterations, as liver damage, are reversible, but do not require complete liver regeneration to return to basal conditions." | ( Pharmacokinetics of acemetacin and its active metabolite indomethacin in rats during acute hepatic damage and liver regeneration. Castañeda-Hernández, G; Chávez-Piña, AE; Favari, L, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, no significant pharmacokinetic changes were observed in both acute hepatitis rats after oral administration due to comparable intestinal metabolism of LQ." | ( Pharmacokinetics of liquiritigenin and its two glucuronides, M1 and M2, in rats with acute hepatitis induced by d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide or CCl(4). Baek, SR; Kang, HE; Kim, SG; Kim, YW; Lee, I; Lee, JW; Lee, MG; Sohn, SI, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Although pharmacokinetic alternations by hepatic injury have been extensively studied, little is known about the potential influence of hepatoprotective agent's treatment." | ( Integral pharmacokinetics of multiple lignan components in normal, CCl4-induced hepatic injury and hepatoprotective agents pretreated rats and correlations with hepatic injury biomarkers. Dai, C; Hao, H; Kang, A; Li, J; Liang, Y; Sun, S; Wang, G; Xie, L; Xie, T; Xie, Y; Zheng, X, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using previously developed barrier-limited and space-distributed models." | ( Liver fibrosis impairs hepatic pharmacokinetics of liver transplant drugs in the rat model. Asadian, P; Crawford, DH; Fletcher, LM; Khlentzos, AM; Li, P; Liu, X; Roberts, MS; Robertson, TA; Thorling, CA; Zou, YH, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Both acute hepatic and renal failure resulted in significantly increased area under the curve (AUC), prolonged elimination half-life (t(1/2β)), and reduced total body clearance (Cl(tot)) compared with respective controls (P<0." | ( Effects of acute hepatic and renal failure on pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in rats. Hwang, YH; Yun, HI, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Metabolomics has been frequently used in pharmacodynamic studies, especially those on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)." | ( Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba Attenuate CCl4-induced acute liver injury: an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) based metabolomic approach for the pharmacodynamic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) Shi, YH; Teng, ZQ; Wang, R; Xiong, AZ; Yang, L; Yang, QW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Both conditions failed to cause a significant effect on Cmax or Tmax." | ( Effect of experimentally induced hepatic and renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of topiramate in rats. Matar, KM; Tayem, YI, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The pharmacokinetic parameters like peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration time profile (AUC) and elimination half life of repaglinide were significantly (p<0." | ( Altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repaglinide by ritonavir in rats with healthy, diabetic and impaired hepatic function. Goud, T; Maddi, S; Nayakanti, D; Thatipamula, RP, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antiepileptic drugs is helpful in optimizing drug therapy for epilepsy." | ( Evaluation of Brain Pharmacokinetic and Neuropharmacodynamic Attributes of an Antiepileptic Drug, Lacosamide, in Hepatic and Renal Impairment: Preclinical Evidence. Kumar, B; Medhi, B; Modi, M; Saikia, B, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "This study was designed to explore the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in diabetic nephropathy and acute liver injury rats." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in normal and disease rats. Hao, H; Hao, K; Jiang, W; Li, P; Lu, Q; Pei, X; Sun, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol were considered as pharmacokinetic markers at three doses of rhubarb anthraquinones extract." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in normal and disease rats. Hao, H; Hao, K; Jiang, W; Li, P; Lu, Q; Pei, X; Sun, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "There was no significant pharmacokinetic difference after a single oral administration of rhubarb anthraquinones extract between control and diabetic nephropathy rats." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in normal and disease rats. Hao, H; Hao, K; Jiang, W; Li, P; Lu, Q; Pei, X; Sun, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The major obstacle for the development of targeted therapies is the lack of pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers to provide an early readout of biological activities." | ( Metabolomics combined with pattern recognition and bioinformatics analysis methods for the development of pharmacodynamic biomarkers on liver fibrosis. Fang, J; Qiu, M; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Pharmacokinetic behaviors of silybin in rats were altered by co-administration of tangeretin, in terms of increased AUC and Cmax of silybin by comparing with that of silybin given alone." | ( Role of tangeretin as a potential bioavailability enhancer for silybin: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies. Feng, SL; Li, YZ; Liu, CX; Liu, L; Liu, ZQ; Xie, Y; Yuan, ZW; Zhou, H, 2018) | 0.48 |
The effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in combination with heparin transplantation on acute liver failure mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4) injection was investigated. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins through NF-κB pathway have a role in attenuating steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet combined with carbon TEC.
The primary objectives of this investigation were to determine whether oil and aqueous dosage vehicles alter the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. The aim was to relate vehicle effects on CCl4 absorption and bioavailability to alterations of the acute hepatotoxicity of Ccl4 seen in a companion study.
The primary objectives of this investigation were to determine whether oil and aqueous dosage vehicles alter the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. We also wanted to relate vehicle effects on CCl4 absorption and bioavailability to altera.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Prior dosing with phenobarbitone augments CCl4 toxicity only in the adult and the newborn but the foetus continues to be resistant." | ( Diverse mechanisms of hepatocellular injuries due to chemicals: evidence in rats administered carbon tetrachloride or dimethylnitrosamine. Chopra, P; Das, PK; Dhar, A; Nayak, NC, 1975) | 0.47 |
| " More severe liver damage by CCl4 or thioacetamide, which lowers hepatic cytochrome P-450, causes impairment of estrogen degradation: CCl4 dosage leads to a marked decrease in aromatic hydroxylation of estradiol." | ( Effects of hepatotoxic agents on hepatic microsomal metabolism of estrogens in the rat. Bolt, HM; López del Pino, V, 1977) | 0.26 |
| "In mice given a single dose of diethylnitrosamine, a hepatonecrotic dose of carbon tetrachloride, 5 weeks after dosing with DEN and repeated 6 times at 4-weekly intervals, augmented the tumour yield in the livers." | ( Influence of repeated liver regeneration on hepatic carcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine in mice. McGuire, LJ; Poound, AW, 1978) | 0.49 |
| " These permit the elaboration of dose-response lines for the substances in question, the calculation of median effective doses and the statistical analysis of differences in liver-damaging potency." | ( Quantitative aspects in the assessment of liver injury. Plaa, GL, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " The lesion produced at 24 h after dosing is a periacinar hydropic degeneration which appears identical to that caused by carbon disulphide (CS2) in similarly pretreated rats." | ( The hepatotoxicity of O,O-diethyl, O-phenyl phosphorothionate (SV1) for the rat. DeMatteis, F; Hrdlicka, J; Seawright, AA, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " On the other hand, the initial decrease in portal pressure was augmented in rats with partial portal vein ligation, and disappeared at higher dosage in CCl4-treated rats." | ( Effects of endothelin in portal hypertensive rats. Kuo, JS; Lin, HC; Yang, MC; Yu, PC, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " cyanellus) were dosed per os with allyl formate (ALF) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and the induction of liver EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) activity was subsequently challenged by injections of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)." | ( Effects of hepatotoxicants on the induction of microsomal monooxygenase activity in sunfish liver by beta-naphthoflavone and benzo[a]pyrene. Jimenez, B; Oikari, A, 1992) | 0.53 |
| " A dose-response of this growth factor for stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes and its maximal effects were similar to those of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF), which we previously purified from the plasma of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (E." | ( Purification and characterization of a mouse hepatocyte growth-stimulating factor from the liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. Gohda, E; Kasada, C; Kataoka, H; Matsunaga, T; Yamamoto, I, 1992) | 0.5 |
| " The peak elevation in urinary taurine occurred within the first 48 h after dosing but there was still significant taurinuria 72 and 96 h after the intermediate dose (1 ml." | ( Taurine, a possible urinary marker of liver damage: a study of taurine excretion in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. Scales, MD; Timbrell, JA; Turton, JA; Waterfield, CJ, 1991) | 0.51 |
| " Impairment of xenobiotic biotransformation was confirmed by elevated pentobarbital sleeping time in animals under the same CCl4 dosing regimen." | ( Enhanced neurotoxicity of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile following carbon tetrachloride pretreatment in the rat. Crofton, KM; Llorens, J, 1991) | 0.52 |
| " Comparable results were obtained in vivo where supplementation with alpha-tocopherol 15 h before CCl4 dosing induced a partial or complete protection against the drug's necrogenic effect, depending on the concentration of the haloalkane used." | ( In vivo and in vitro evidence concerning the role of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of hepatocyte death due to carbon tetrachloride. Albano, E; Biasi, F; Chiarpotto, E; Corongiu, FP; Dianzani, MU; Marinari, UM; Parola, M; Poli, G; Pronzato, MA, 1991) | 0.49 |
| " Based on prior studies, the lack of a dose-response indicator from internal plutonium was not unexpected because of the small sample and the low frequency of aberrations induced at the lower plutonium burdens." | ( Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberration frequencies in plutonium workers. Bistline, RW; Bloom, AD; Brandom, WF; McGavran, L, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Reversibility of cirrhosis was dosage dependent; complete recovery occurred in the low- but not the high-dose group by Day 15." | ( Assessment of hepatic indicators of subchronic carbon tetrachloride injury and recovery in rats. Allis, JW; Seely, JC; Simmons, JE; Ward, TR, 1990) | 0.54 |
| " The primary objective of our study was to assess the influence of dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of CCl4." | ( Effect of oral dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats. Bruckner, JV; Kim, HJ; Odend'hal, S, 1990) | 0.52 |
| "The primary objectives of this investigation were to determine whether oil and aqueous dosage vehicles alter the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats, and to relate vehicle effects on CCl4 absorption and bioavailability to alterations of the acute hepatotoxicity of CCl4 seen in a companion study (H." | ( Effect of dosing vehicles on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carbon tetrachloride in rats. Bruckner, JV; Dallas, CE; Gallo, JM; Kim, HJ, 1990) | 0.71 |
| " All of the cytochrome P450 parameters that were measured, following CCl4 treatment, demonstrated very flat dose-response curves which appeared to parallel the effects of CCl4 on antibody responses." | ( The role of metabolism in carbon tetrachloride-mediated immunosuppression: in vivo studies. Barnes, DW; Holsapple, MP; Jordan, SD; Kaminski, NE, 1990) | 0.58 |
| " Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with three daily ip doses of phenobarbital (50 mg/kg) or saline and then orally dosed with CCl4 (2." | ( Phenobarbital pretreatment alters the localization of CCl4-induced changes in rat liver microsomal fatty acids. James, JL; Moody, DE; Smuckler, EA, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " A 135-197% increase in acetanilide hydroxylase activity was found in rats sacrificed 12-40 h after dosing with 2-butanol or 2-butanone." | ( Effect of 2-butanol and 2-butanone on rat hepatic ultrastructure and drug metabolizing enzyme activity. Bruckner, JV; Cooke, PH; Dietz, FK; Jiang, WD; Traiger, GJ, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " After dosing 100 microliter CCl4/kg, the response of OCT activity was 10- and 20-times higher than that of GOT and GPT, respectively." | ( Comparative study on the sensitivity of several serum enzymes in detecting hepatic damage in rats. Baumann, M; Berauer, M, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " This dosing regimen also resulted in a significant decrease in thymus weights; however, there were no significant effects on liver, kidney, lung, or body weights." | ( Suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by carbon tetrachloride. Holsapple, MP; Jordan, SD; Kaminski, NE, 1989) | 0.52 |
| " Treatment with PB or CCl4 with the dosage and schedules employed proved to be effective in markedly modifying the N-demethylation of the three dimethyltriazenes tested, as had been determined in vitro." | ( Effects of an inducer and an inhibitor of hepatic metabolism on the antitumor action of dimethyltriazenes. Giraldi, T; Lassiani, L; Perissin, L; Sava, G; Zorzet, S, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Administration of acetone to rats in amounts larger than or equal to a minimal effective dosage (MED) is known to potentiate the severity of the liver damage produced by CCl4 alone." | ( Assessment of the minimal effective dose of acetone for potentiation of the hepatotoxicity induced by trichloroethylene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures. Brodeur, J; Charbonneau, M; Greselin, E; Perreault, F; Plaa, GL, 1988) | 0.48 |
| " The importance of the CCl4 dosage in these combinations, however, has not been explored." | ( Potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by ketonic and ketogenic compounds: role of the CCl4 dose. Brodeur, J; Pilon, D; Plaa, GL, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " The results from the multiple-dose studies showed a similar relationship except that with 20 mg/kg X d the concentrations of SGOT and SGPT decayed to control values after 14 d of dosing whereas the percentage of hepatocytes in S phase remained markedly elevated (greater than 10 X control)." | ( Relationship between hepatotoxicity and induction of replicative DNA synthesis following single or multiple doses of carbon tetrachloride. Doolittle, DJ; Muller, G; Scribner, HE, 1987) | 0.48 |
| " It was also shown that even at relatively low vapor concentrations, modest changes in dosage regimen, like those involving unusual (e." | ( The effect of an 11.5-hr/day exposure schedule on the distribution and toxicity of inhaled carbon tetrachloride in the rat. Born, GS; Carlson, GP; Christian, JE; Paustenbach, DJ, 1986) | 0.49 |
| " We derived dose-response curves for the potentiation of TCE, CCl4, and TCE-CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity by acetone." | ( Acetone potentiation of rat liver injury induced by trichloroethylene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures. Brodeur, J; Charbonneau, M; Oleskevich, S; Plaa, GL, 1986) | 0.5 |
| " This compound, in a dose-dependent way, markedly reduced the increases in serum transaminase activities, the extent of liver cell necrosis, and the delay in indocyanine green (ICG) disappearance produced by a single toxic dosage of CCl4." | ( Protection against hepatic injury by a novel spiropiperidine derivative. Izumi, N; Kobayakawa, T; Maruyama, Y; Shimada, O; Yasuda, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in rats were weakened in accordance with the dosage of CCl4 administration." | ( [Effect of carbon tetrachloride on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in rats]. Abe, K; Kasahara, T; Otsuka, K; Sakamoto, K, 1986) | 0.66 |
| " dosing (1." | ( Reduced hepatic clearance of propranolol induced by chronic carbon tetrachloride treatment in rats. Araki, K; Deguchi, N; Iwamoto, K; Satoh, M; Watanabe, J, 1985) | 0.51 |
| "74 micrograms CN/g brain) at death in the brains of mice, the level for malono- and adiponitrile being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide." | ( Structure-acute toxicity relationship of dinitriles in mice. Hashimoto, K; Tanii, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Changes in the distribution of ATP between the cell sap and the large-particle fraction were determined at intervals after rats had been dosed with various substances." | ( Liver adenosine triphosphate content and bile flow rate in the rat. Delaney, VB; Slater, TF, 1970) | 0.25 |
| " Lipid content is increased by ranitidine in livers of rats dosed with ethanol." | ( Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on the "lipoperoxide" and lipid content of liver of rats treated with CCl4, colchicine, ethanol, ethionine and emetine. Agostini, C; Di Segni, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Rat carcasses containing mean lethal dosage of PCB were pyrolyzed." | ( The destruction of halogenated organic chemicals by plasma pyrolysis. Barton, TG; Mordy, JA, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " On the basis of kinetic data, dose-response data, and failure of elevated cytosolic calcium levels to inhibit lipid secretion, it was concluded that disturbed intracellular calcium homeostasis probably is not important in CCl4-dependent inhibition of secretion of very low density lipoproteins." | ( Evidence against a role for disturbed hepatocellular calcium homeostasis in the fatty liver of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Brattin, WJ; Glende, EA; Pencil, SD; Recknagel, RO, 1984) | 0.49 |
| " The use of non-fasted rats in acute oral toxicity determinations allows both the establishment of relative potency and the estimation of dosage levels for further repeated dose oral studies." | ( The effects of fasting on the acute oral toxicity of nine chemicals in the rat. Dashiell, OL; Kennedy, GL, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " In the control and E-0712-treated rats dosed with D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride, SGPT values were positively correlated with PT at 24 hr." | ( Protective effect of 4-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-6,10,14-hexadecatrienoyl)morpholine on liver injury induced by hepatotoxins in rats. Fujiwara, K; Hayashi, S; Ogata, I; Ohta, Y; Oka, H; Oka, Y; Sato, Y; Takatsuki, K, ) | 0.37 |
| " The large increases in plasma activities of GOT, GPT and LDH produced by dosing with CCl4 were partially inhibited by the administration of PM." | ( Correlations between common tests for assessment of liver damage: indices of the hepatoprotective activity of promethazine in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. Cheeseman, KH; Reddrop, CJ; Slater, TF, 1983) | 0.47 |
| "80 microgram CN/g brain) at death in the brains of mice given group-1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide." | ( Studies on the mechanism of acute toxicity of nitriles in mice. Hashimoto, K; Tanii, H, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Damage was monitored in vivo by the alkaline elution method, in which DNA is dosed fluorometrically." | ( Evaluation of DNA damage by the alkaline elution technique in liver, kidneys and lungs of rats and hamsters treated with N-nitrosodialkylamines. Barbin, A; Bartsch, H; Béréziat, JC, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Prior promethazine treatment, at dosage regimes that preclude CCl4 induced liver necrosis at 24 hours, did not significantly prevent the CCl4 induced decrease in arachidonic acid content." | ( Promethazine administration to rats and CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids. Castro, JA; de Toranzo, EG; Marzi, A, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Dose-response relationships for A, MEK, and MiBK potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and CHCl3-induced nephrotoxicity were compared." | ( Ketone potentiation of haloalkane-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity. I. Dose-response relationships. Plaa, GL; Raymond, P, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The univariate analyses identified increases in only alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase within the exposed group and these did not show a significant dose-response relation." | ( Hepatic function in workers occupationally exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Baron, CE; Edwards, JC; Fearnley, DM; O'Sullivan, JJ; Stonard, MD; Tomenson, JA; Walker, RJ, 1995) | 0.54 |
| " The pattern of oral exposure, or dosage regimen, had a significant effect on the PK and acute the hepatotoxicity of CCl4." | ( Effect of route and pattern of exposure on the pharmacokinetics and acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. Bruckner, JV; Dallas, CE; Kim, HJ; Muralidhara, S; Sanzgiri, UY, 1995) | 0.51 |
| " Rats or mice were dosed with VA (retinol) at 75 mg/kg/day, po, for 7 days." | ( Vitamin A modulation of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Hill, DA; Hooser, SB; Mobley, SA; Rosengren, RJ; Sipes, IG, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "Theophylline (3 mg/kg) was administered intravenously on two separate occasions, 24 hours apart, during which time the rats breathed either room air or oxygen (95%) from 1 hour before dosing until the end of plasma sampling with a randomized order of gas exposure." | ( Oxygen supplementation restores theophylline clearance to normal in cirrhotic rats. Angus, PW; Hickey, PL; McLean, AJ; Morgan, DJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " This dose increased plasma selenoprotein P substantially, and a dose-response was present." | ( Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats: assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P. Awad, JA; Burk, RF; Cockell, KA; Hill, KE; Kato, T; Lyons, PR; Morrow, JD, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Methamphetamine alone at this dosage was not hepatotoxic." | ( Methamphetamine potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice. Harbison, RD; James, RC; Roberts, SM, 1994) | 0.57 |
| " It has been observed that the oral absorption of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and other volatile organic chemicals is markedly affected by the dosing vehicle, with administration in oils producing erratic blood concentration-time profiles with multiple peaks." | ( A physiological and system analysis hybrid pharmacokinetic model to characterize carbon tetrachloride blood concentrations following administration in different oral vehicles. Bruckner, JV; Cheung, LL; Gallo, JM; Gillespie, WR; Kim, HJ, 1993) | 0.77 |
| " These results should be taken into consideration to determine the optimal CCl4 dosing schedule in the rat CCl4-induced cirrhosis model." | ( Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride autoprotection: an in vivo study based on 13C-aminopyrine and 13C-galactose breath tests. Brazier, JL; Géloën, A; Minaire, Y; Mion, F; Rousseau, M, 1994) | 0.66 |
| "Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with CCl4 (3 ml kg-1) were placed in a glass chamber through which air was passed continuously at a rate of 60 ml min-1." | ( Gas chromatographic determination of vapor-phase biomarkers formed from rats dosed with CCl4. Dennis, KJ; Ichinose, T; Miller, M; Shibamoto, T, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dosing with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) during treatment with beta-alanine results in a marked decrease in urinary taurine concomitant with a decrease in food intake." | ( Reduction of liver taurine in rats by beta-alanine treatment increases carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Scales, MD; Timbrell, JA; Turton, JA; Waterfield, CJ, 1993) | 0.89 |
| " In the initial 3-week dose-response study, as the daily dose of VA increased so did the degree of potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity." | ( Characterization of vitamin A potentiation of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Earnest, DL; elSisi, AE; Hall, P; Sim, WL; Sipes, IG, 1993) | 0.54 |
| " Measuring tissue repair and injury as simultaneous biological responses to toxic agents might increase the usefulness of dose-response paradigms in risk assessment." | ( Injury and repair as opposing forces in risk assessment. Mehendale, HM, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " On the basis of the distinct and integrative roles of EPR and SPR in liver responses to toxic injury, a generalized framework is presented that facilitates prediction of both toxic outcome, including shape of dose-response functions and interspecies variation to chemically induced liver damage." | ( A review of the role of tissue repair as an adaptive strategy: why low doses are often non-toxic and why high doses can be fatal. Calabrese, EJ; Mehendale, HM, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response curves, based on total amount of CCl4 added to the microsomes, revealed a nonlinear, biphasic appearance of CHCl3, with fasting slightly increasing CHCl3 production in microsomes prepared from fasted rats." | ( A pharmacokinetic model of anaerobic in vitro carbon tetrachloride metabolism. Adamovic, JB; Allis, JW; Andersen, ME; Andersen, NJ; Simmons, JE; Thompson, DJ; Waller, CL, 1996) | 0.55 |
| " In vivo studies from our laboratory with potent antioxidants in dosage regimes inhibiting LP, however, were in contrast with that hypothesis." | ( Depression of liver microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase activity in carbon tetrachloride-poisoned rats. Potential synergistic effects of lipid peroxidation and of covalent binding of haloalkane-derived free radicals to cellular components in the process. Castro, JA; de Toranzo, EG; González Padrón, A, 1996) | 0.53 |
| " Based on Monte Carlo simulation, which was used to run electronically 1000 lethality experiments for each dosing situation, the LD50 estimates for CCl4 toxicity with and without Kepone pretreatment were 47 and 2890 microliters/kg, respectively." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the toxicologic interaction between carbon tetrachloride and Kepone. Andersen, ME; Benjamin, SA; Constan, AA; el-Masri, HA; Mehendale, HM; Phillips, JK; Sabados, GR; Thomas, RS; Yang, RS, 1996) | 0.51 |
| " These studies were designed to determine if shorter dosing regimens of retinol potentiate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)." | ( The role of inflammatory cells and cytochrome P450 in the potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by a single dose of retinol. Badger, DA; Hoglen, NC; Jolley, CS; Sauer, JM; Sipes, IG, 1996) | 0.51 |
| ") increased the hepatic mitochondrial-reduced glutathione (GSH) level, BHT treatment at the same dosage regimen decreased it." | ( The crucial antioxidant action of schisandrin B in protecting against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice: a comparative study with butylated hydroxytoluene. Ip, SP; Ko, KM, 1996) | 0.53 |
| " Highly lipophilic compounds are generally administered to rodents dissolved in corn oil, a dosing vehicle shown to influence xenobiotic toxicity, carcinogenicity and pharmacokinetics by altering chemical absorption processes." | ( A pharmacokinetic model describing pulsatile uptake of orally-administered carbon tetrachloride. Andersen, ME; Lilly, P; Semino, G, 1997) | 0.53 |
| " The hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 in the rat were determined in a time and dose-response study." | ( Alpha-glutathione s-transferase (alpha-GST) release, an early indicator of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in the rat. Byrne, C; Clarke, H; Doyle, S; Egan, DA; Heffernan, M; Kilty, C; Ryan, MP, 1997) | 0.53 |
| " Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a dose-response relationship for CCl4 measuring liver injury and tissue repair as two simultaneous but opposing responses." | ( Tissue injury and repair as parallel and opposing responses to CCl4 hepatotoxicity: a novel dose-response. Mangipudy, RS; Mehendale, HM; Rao, PS, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Light microscopic examination of sections of the liver taken 5 weeks after dosing of CCl4 showed hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes around the central veins and lipid vacuolation in mid-zonal and some periportal hepatocytes." | ( Abnormal expressions of hepatocellular proteins and extracellular matrix in CCL4-induced liver injury in rats. Chen, L; Yang, X; Zhong, X; Zhou, J, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of oral dosing vehicle on the acute hepatotoxicity of CCl4 and nephrotoxicity of CHCl3." | ( Effect of dosing vehicle on the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 and nephrotoxicity of CHCl3 in rats. Plaa, GL; Raymond, P, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Pretreating mice with Sch A at a daily oral dose of 1 mmol/kg for 3 days did not protect against CCl4 hepatotoxicity, whereas pretreatment with Sch B or Sch C at the same dosage regimen produced almost complete protection." | ( Methylenedioxy group as determinant of schisandrin in enhancing hepatic mitochondrial glutathione in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated mice. Che, CT; Ip, SP; Ko, KM; Ma, CY, 1997) | 0.51 |
| " Blood concentrations of BDCM following GD-6 gavage revealed a shorter elimination half-life in the aqueous dosing vehicle (2." | ( Effect of dosing vehicle on the developmental toxicity of bromodichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in rats. Kavlock, RJ; Narotsky, MG; Pegram, RA, 1997) | 0.52 |
| "Pretreatment of rats with low doses of Cd produces adaptive tolerance to a subsequent high dose of Cd-induced lethality, thus shifting the dose-response curve to the right." | ( Induction of metallothionein as an adaptive mechanism affecting the magnitude and progression of toxicological injury. Klaassen, CD; Liu, J, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Male CD rats were untreated or dosed orally for 30 or 90 days, excluding weekends, with vehicle or 12." | ( Further evaluation of the incorporation of an immunotoxicological functional assay for assessing humoral immunity for hazard identification purposes in rats in a standard toxicology study. Elliott, GS; Ladics, GS; Loveless, SE; Slone, TW; Smith, C, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Treatment with CCl4 after AFB1 dosing lowered hepatic GSH levels by 20% and increased lipid peroxidation by 40%." | ( Enhancement of aflatoxin B1-induced enzyme altered hepatic foci in rats by treatment with carbon tetrachloride. Lotlikar, PD; Ning, Y; Qin, G; Shinozuka, H; Su, J, 1998) | 0.52 |
| " As the result, the urinary excretion of Nam, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-Py), Nam + N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) + N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-Py) + 4-Py was lower in the CCl4-treated groups than in the non-treated group (control) regardless of the experimental period (1 mo and 2 mo) or dosing amount of CCl4 (0." | ( Tryptophan-niacin metabolism in liver cirrhosis rat caused by carbon tetrachloride. Egashira, Y; Isagawa, A; Komine, T; Ohta, T; Sanada, H; Shibata, K; Yamada, E, 1999) | 0.54 |
| " Time course experiments in mice were carried out in both tissues for each chemical and dose-response studies were used to further evaluate several of these chemicals." | ( Unique gene expression patterns in liver and kidney associated with exposure to chemical toxicants. Bartosiewicz, MJ; Buckpitt, A; Emery, J; Jenkins, D; Penn, S, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In the CCl4 induced liver free radical injury system, the inhibitory rate of the same dosage of TP and Vit C was 45." | ( [Inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols and vitamin C on lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4- cysteine in isolated human plasma and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver free radical injury in mice]. Li, T; Xin, YM; Zhan, H; Zhang, QJ, 2001) | 0.52 |
| " The same dosage of TP and Vit C had remarkable inhibitory effects on the CCl4 induced liver free radical injury, but there was no significant difference between the two groups." | ( [Inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols and vitamin C on lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4- cysteine in isolated human plasma and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver free radical injury in mice]. Li, T; Xin, YM; Zhan, H; Zhang, QJ, 2001) | 0.52 |
| "In different groups of portally perfused control and cirrhotic rat livers, the following were analyzed: a portal perfusion pressure (PP) dose-response curve to LTD4; the effects on PP caused by either vehicle, the selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861, the selective Cys-LT1 receptor antagonist MK-571, or the dual Cys-LT1 and Cys-LT2 receptor antagonist BAY u9773; and immunohistochemistry for 5-lipoxygenase in liver sections of cirrhotic and control livers." | ( 5-lipoxygenase inhibition reduces intrahepatic vascular resistance of cirrhotic rat livers: a possible role of cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Bosch, J; Claria, J; García-Pagán, JC; Graupera, M; Massaguer, A; Rodés, J; Titos, E, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " All animals were dosed with CCl(4) at the end of the 3, 6, 9, and 12 month of treatment." | ( Effects of black tea extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation in liver, kidneys, and testes of rats. Amran, S; Fadhel, ZA, 2002) | 0.6 |
| " Higher dosage of losartan had deleterious effects in BDL rats." | ( Hemodynamic and antifibrotic effects of losartan in rats with liver fibrosis and/or portal hypertension. Calès, P; Chappard, D; Croquet, V; Douay, O; Gallois, Y; Moal, F; Oberti, F; Roux, J; Veal, N; Vuillemin, E; Wang, J, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " A portal perfusion pressure dose-response curve to methoxamine was performed in control and cirrhotic rat livers preincubated with vehicle, the nitric oxide synthase blocker N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), indomethacin cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, L-NNA + indomethacin, or the thromboxane (TX) A(2) receptor blocker SQ 29,548." | ( Cyclooxygenase-derived products modulate the increased intrahepatic resistance of cirrhotic rat livers. Abraldes, JG; Bosch, J; Bragulat, M; Corominola, H; García-Pagán, JC; Graupera, M; Peralta, C; Rodés, J, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " When the animals were however supplemented with zinc in form of zinc acetate before being dosed with CCl4, the 5 mg Zn/kg body weight of zinc acetate reversed the hypoproteinaemia induced by CCl4, whereas the 10 mg Zn/kg body weight of zinc acetate reversed the hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypercreatinaemia induced by CCl4." | ( Zinc in CCl4 toxicity. Ademuyiwa, O; Akinlatun, W; Ayannuga, O; Bakare, A; Dosumu, O; Ogunyemi, EO; Onitilo, O, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The findings suggest that the dosage regimen of paclitaxel should be adjusted when the drug would be administered in patients with liver disorder in a clinical situation." | ( Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure. Choi, JS, 2002) | 0.57 |
| " The results showed that the inhibitory effect of DMF and its crude triterpenoids on lipid peroxidation occurred in a dose-response manner in an AAPH/linoleic acid system." | ( Protective effects of fermented filtrate from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Song, TY; Yen, GC, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "kg(-1) twice a week; IL-10 treated group (E): besides same dosage of CCl(4) given, intraperitoneal injection with IL-10 4 ug." | ( Effects of transmitters and interleukin-10 on rat hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4. Chen, ZX; Huang, YH; Li, B; Li, D; Wang, XZ; Zhang, LJ, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "The inhibitory rate of normal rat HSC proliferation caused by 100 mL/mL sera containing medium and high dosages of BOL showed a remarkable difference as compared with that caused by colchicine (medium dosage group: 34." | ( Effect of rat serum containing Biejiajian oral liquid on proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Weng, H; Yao, L; Yao, ZM; Yu, T; Zhao, GP; Zhou, YJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Rat serum containing BOL can inhibit proliferation of rat HSCs, and the inhibition depends on the dosage and concentration of BOL." | ( Effect of rat serum containing Biejiajian oral liquid on proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Weng, H; Yao, L; Yao, ZM; Yu, T; Zhao, GP; Zhou, YJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The rats of model group and treatment group were given small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, and those of control group were given normal diet." | ( Effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Sun, LJ; Zhang, DB; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Y, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Sinai san decoction may ameliorate the hepatic inflammation of rats with steatohepatitis induced by small dosage of CCL4 combined with a fat-rich diet, but does not prevent the development of hepatocyte steatosis." | ( Effect of Sinai san decoction on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Sun, LJ; Zhang, DB; Zhang, Q; Zhao, Y, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " However, the increase in CCl(4) dosage significantly worsened survival." | ( Comparison of murine cirrhosis models induced by hepatotoxin administration and common bile duct ligation. Chang, ML; Chang, PY; Chen, JC; Yeh, CT, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " With repetitive dosing CCl(4) can be used to induce bridging hepatic fibrosis (4 wk of twice-weekly dosing), cirrhosis (8 wk of twice-weekly dosing) and advanced micronodular cirrhosis (12 wk of twice-weekly dosing)." | ( Modeling liver fibrosis in rodents. Constandinou, C; Henderson, N; Iredale, JP, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " In these studies, overnight fasted male CD-1 mice were dosed (i." | ( Cholestasis induced by model organic anions protects from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in male CD-1 mice. Hennig, GE; Manautou, JE; Silva, VM, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " In this study, we searched for new biochemical indicators that correlate with hepatic function and tried to simulate appropriate drug dosage in chronic hepatic failure." | ( Development of dosage design of hepatic metabolizing drugs using serum albumin level in chronic hepatic failure. Kurihara, T; Mano, Y; Miyamoto, K; Nomura, M; Tsukada, H; Yokogawa, K, 2006) | 0.33 |
| ", group III was treated with CCl4 for 6 weeks and received propranolol x2 at the same dosage as group I, while group VI was treated with CCl4 and the same drug dosage as group II." | ( H3 Propranolol serum levels following lidocaine administration in rats with CCL4 induced liver damage. Anagnostopoulou, S; Kotsiou, A; Tesseromatis, C; Tsamouri, M; Tzivras, M; Vairactaris, E, ) | 0.13 |
| " We addressed this goal using multiple gene expression profiling in the liver of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model chemicals (cadmium, carbon tetrachloride [CCl4], and pyrene) administered singly, in binary and trinary combinations at low acutely sublethal concentrations, and in the partial dose-response manner." | ( Hepatic responses of gene expression in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta lacustris) exposed to three model contaminants applied singly and in combination. Afanasyev, S; Krasnov, A; Oikari, A, 2007) | 0.53 |
| "Hepatic fibrosis models were induced by subcutaneous injection of CCl(4) at a dosage of 3 mL/kg in rats." | ( Inhibitory effects of saikosaponin-d on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Cheng, YA; Dang, SS; Li, ZF; Liu, ZG; Song, P; Wang, BF, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process." | ( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential. Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "Severe hepatitis was associated with a rightward shift of the mivacurium dose-response curves, but mild hepatitis had no effect." | ( The pharmacodynamics of mivacurium in the rabbit with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease. Cheong, MA; Kim, KS; Lee, GS, 2007) | 0.59 |
| "The dose-response and the time course of neuromuscular blockade of mivacurium differ in mild hepatitis compared with severe hepatitis, but required no adjustments of different doses for repeated injection after the desired depth of neuromuscular block, and had a negative correlation with the activity of plasma cholinesterase in both hepatic injuries." | ( The pharmacodynamics of mivacurium in the rabbit with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease. Cheong, MA; Kim, KS; Lee, GS, 2007) | 0.59 |
| " Moreover, hepatic endothelial function was evaluated in isolated and perfused rat livers by dose-response curves to acetylcholine." | ( Evidence against a role for NADPH oxidase modulating hepatic vascular tone in cirrhosis. Bosch, J; Brandes, RP; Fernández, M; García-Pagán, JC; Gracia-Sancho, J; Laviña, B; Rodríguez-Vilarrupla, A, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " In Experiment 1, rats were dosed at six levels of CCl(4) (0." | ( Comprehensive characterization of serum clinical chemistry parameters and the identification of urinary superoxide dismutase in a carbon tetrachloride-induced model of hepatic fibrosis in the female Hanover Wistar rat. Clarke, CJ; Dare, T; Munday, MR; Smyth, R; Turton, JA; York, MJ, 2007) | 0.54 |
| " In addition, in CH livers, PP dose-response curves to the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), were performed after pre-incubation with Ibtx or its vehicle." | ( Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels modulate vascular tone in experimental cirrhosis. Abraldes, JG; Bataller, R; Bosch, J; García-Pagán, JC; Graupera, M; Matei, V; Rodríguez-Vilarrupla, A, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " In dose-response experiments, the minimum dose of PYRRO/NO required to acutely lower PVP by 20%, the amount believed to yield a clinically meaningful outcome, was 200 nmol/kg." | ( Effect of the nitric oxide donor V-PYRRO/NO on portal pressure and sinusoidal dynamics in normal and cirrhotic mice. Edwards, C; Feng, HQ; Mao, L; Reynolds, C; Rockey, DC, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Experimental hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 soluted in liquid paraffin with the concentration of 300 g/L, the dosage of injection was 3 mL/kg, twice per week for 8 wk)." | ( Effect of Oxymatrine on the TGFbeta-Smad signaling pathway in rats with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Jiang, MD; Qin, JP; Wu, XL; Xu, H; Zeng, WZ, 2008) | 0.58 |
| " For the treated group, rats were administered with DBD at a dosage of 6 g/kg body weight once a day by gastrogavage starting from the day of modeling for 6 successive weeks and to the control group, equal volume of normal saline was administered instead." | ( [Effects of Danggui Buxue Decoction on liver fibrosis and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats]. Chen, Y; Li, FH; Tao, YY, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "This work characterized the metabolism disorders of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in a mouse model with different dosage of intoxication (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg)." | ( A metabonomic characterization of CCl4-induced acute liver failure using partial least square regression based on the GC/MS metabolic profiles of plasma in mice. Cheng, Y; Gong, Y; Huang, X; Liu, C; Mao, Y; Qu, H; Shao, L, 2008) | 0.57 |
| "Ten rats were intragastrically administered for 14 days with a grape-stalk extract determining a daily t-Res dosage of 3 mg/kg." | ( Dietary trans-resveratrol bioavailability and effect on CCl4-induced liver lipid peroxidation. Caporaso, N; Fogliano, V; Milani, S; Morisco, F; Ottanelli, B; Vitaglione, P, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " To this end, male Wistar rats received (PhSe)2 by oral route at the dosage of 31." | ( Oral administration of diphenyl diselenide potentiates hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Borges, LP; Nogueira, CW; Souza, AC, 2009) | 0.58 |
| " The influence of different DNA extraction procedures for 8-oxodG and 8-oxodA levels was assessed in DNA extracted from rat livers following dosing with carbon tetrachloride." | ( Simultaneous determination of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA using online column-switching liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Farmer, PB; Gescher, AJ; Kaur, B; Sharma, RA; Singh, R; Steward, WP; Teichert, F; Verschoyle, RD; Vives, M, 2009) | 0.55 |
| " This work characterizes the metabolism disorders of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl(4) in a Wistar rat model with a single dosage of 1 ml/kg." | ( An integrated metabonomic method for profiling of metabolic changes in carbon tetrachloride induced rat urine. Lin, Y; Liu, C; Si, D; Zhang, Z, 2009) | 0.59 |
| " Ceftizoxime was identified with an adequate plasma concentration from 8 h to 12 h post dosing in nephropathic goats." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in carbontetrachloride-induced hepatopathic and uranyl nitrate-induced nephropathic goats following single dose intravenous administration. Chakraborty, AK; Das, SK; Mandal, TK; Sar, TK, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Rat models of experimental hepatic fibrosis were established by injection with CCl(4); the treated rats received emodin via oral administration at a dosage of 20 mg/kg twice a week at the same time." | ( Emodin protects rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation. Dong, MX; Geng, YT; Jia, Y; Li, CC; Li, XY; Liu, JC; Niu, YC; Zhang, YB; Zhou, L, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Biologically based dose-response (BBDR) modeling of environmental pollutants can be utilized to inform the mode of action (MOA) by which compounds elicit adverse health effects." | ( Development of a quantitative model incorporating key events in a hepatotoxic mode of action to predict tumor incidence. Conolly, RB; DeVito, MJ; El-Masri, HA; Luke, NS; Sams, R, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Modification of oral dosage regimen of LQ may not be necessary in patients with acute hepatitis; but human studies are required." | ( Pharmacokinetics of liquiritigenin and its two glucuronides, M1 and M2, in rats with acute hepatitis induced by d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide or CCl(4). Baek, SR; Kang, HE; Kim, SG; Kim, YW; Lee, I; Lee, JW; Lee, MG; Sohn, SI, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The level of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was increased in animals dosed with NDEA and CCl(4)." | ( Protective effect of chokeberry on chemical-induced oxidative stress in rat. Ewertowska, M; Ignatowicz, E; Jodynis-Liebert, J; Kujawska, M; Oszmiański, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Using a bivascular liver perfusion dose-response curves to adenosine of the HA were performed in the presence and the absence of pan-adenosine blocker (8-SPT), A1 blocker (caffeine) or nitric oxide synthase-blocker (l-NMMA) after preconstriction with an alpha1-agonist (methoxamine)." | ( A distinct nitric oxide and adenosine A1 receptor dependent hepatic artery vasodilatatory response in the CCl-cirrhotic liver. Groszmann, RJ; Mehal, WZ; Ripoll, C; Zipprich, A, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) by repetitive dosing of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))." | ( Diffusion tensor imaging of liver fibrosis in an experimental model. Cheung, JS; Chow, AM; Fan, SJ; Gao, DS; Man, K; Wu, EX, 2010) | 0.59 |
| " Experiment lasted 11 days and dosing was via oral route." | ( Pharmacologic inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system did not attenuate hepatic toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Adesanoye, OA; Bamidele, TO; Ekor, M; Kale, OE; Odewabi, AO; Oritogun, KS, 2011) | 0.58 |
| " To comparatively analyze the dose-response relationship between rhubarb and hepatic health, we administrated total rhubarb extract (RE) to normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-treated rats for 12 weeks at 4 dosage levels (2." | ( Hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L. in treating rat liver injury. Fang, F; Jin, C; Kong, WJ; Liu, DJ; Wang, HJ; Wang, JB; Xiao, XH; Zhang, L; Zhao, HP; Zhao, YL, 2011) | 0.57 |
| " The results Obtained revealed that pretreatment with the extract investigated inhibited CTC-induced liver injury by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the content of reduced glutathione in a dosage dependent manner, bringing the levels of all antioxidant enzymes close to control values." | ( Hepatoprotective effect of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. (Rosaceae) in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Cebović, T; Maksimović, Z, 2012) | 0.61 |
| " No other chlorinated solvents showed both statistically significant associations and dose-response relationships." | ( Risk of lung cancer associated with six types of chlorinated solvents: results from two case-control studies in Montreal, Canada. Christensen, KY; Lavoué, J; Siemiatycki, J; Vizcaya, D, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Hepatic endothelial function was assessed in isolated and perfused rat livers by dose-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and methoxamine (Mtx)." | ( Chronic intermittent hypoxia aggravates intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. Abrante, B; Abreu, P; de Ganzo, ZA; Felipe, V; González-Méndez, Y; Hernández-Guerra, M; Moreno, M; Quintero, E; Salido, E, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Liver function tests and histopathological evaluation were carried out at the end of dosing using standards kits." | ( Hepatoprotective effect of herbal drug on CCl(4) induced liver damage. Feroz, Z; Khan, RA, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method may be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and time." | ( Nanoemulsified ethanolic extract of Pyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn ameliorates CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Deepa, V; Goparaju, A; Murthy, PB; Reddy, PN; Sridhar, R, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The hepatoprotective effects and pharmacokinetic behavior of orally dosed NOB/SD were evaluated in rats." | ( Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characterization of amorphous solid dispersion of nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxylated flavone, with improved hepatoprotective effects. Asakawa, T; Hashimoto, N; Hiza, A; Kan, T; Nakamura, T; Ogawa, K; Onoue, S; Tsukaguchi, Y; Uchida, A; Yamada, S; Yuminoki, K, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The dose-response curve to norepinephrine in mesenteric arteriole was shifted to the right, and EC50 was significantly increased in cirrhotic patients and rats." | ( Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors induces vascular hypocontractility in response to norepinephrine in the mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic patients and rats. Chen, W; Huo, YM; Liu, DJ; Qin, J; Sang, JY; Wu, ZY; Xu, J, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " At the studying of the bile formation and bile secretion functions in the conditions of the toxic tetrachlormethane lesion the hepatoprotective effect of the dosage form was confirmed, which was realized by the increasing of the speed of bile secretion and its volume." | ( [Studying of hepatoprotective properties of dry extract from apricot leaves on the model of liver lesion by tetrachloromethane]. Fira, LS; Likhatskiĭ, PG; Medvid', II; Pyla, VP; Shtroblia, AL; Vashkeba, EM, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The liver injury was introduced with over dosage of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)." | ( Efficacy of herbal coded Hepcon on drug induced hepatitis in experimental animals through histopathological and biochemical analysis. Asif, HM; Jamil, A; Jamil, MS; Mahmood, Z; Roohi, M; Saeed, A; Usmanghani, K, 2013) | 0.6 |
| " The hepatoprotective effects of orally dosed TL formulations were evaluated in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rat model of acute liver injury." | ( In vitro/in vivo characterization of nanocrystalline formulation of tranilast with improved dissolution and hepatoprotective properties. Kawabata, Y; Onoue, S; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, K, 2013) | 0.62 |
| " Oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective effects of orally dosed CoQ10 samples were also evaluated in rats." | ( Biopharmaceutical characterization of nanocrystalline solid dispersion of coenzyme Q10 prepared with cold wet-milling system. Hashimoto, N; Nakamura, T; Onoue, S; Terasawa, N; Yamada, S; Yuminoki, K, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " This context is explored based on MOA analyses in published assessments to illustrate the relative extent of supporting data and their implications for dose-response analysis and involved comparisons for chemical assessments on trichloropropane, and carbon tetrachloride with several hypothesized MOA(s) for cancer." | ( Mode of action human relevance (species concordance) framework: Evolution of the Bradford Hill considerations and comparative analysis of weight of evidence. Bachman, AN; Jeffrey Lewis, R; Meek, ME; North, CM; Palermo, CM, 2014) | 0.58 |
| " Also, there might be potential interactions between SLE or DDB and co-administered medicines and it is necessary to adjust the dosage of co-administrated medicines in clinical medication of liver disease." | ( Reversing effects of lignans on CCl4-induced hepatic CYP450 down regulation by attenuating oxidative stress. Guo, C; Hao, H; Kang, A; Wang, G; Wang, H; Xie, Y, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " In a hepatoprotection study, rats were intragastrically dosed with 30 or 50mg/kg andrographolide for 5 consecutive days." | ( Bioavailability of andrographolide and protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in rats. Chen, HW; Huang, CS; Huang, YJ; Li, CC; Lii, CK; Lin, AH; Wang, TS; Yao, HT, 2014) | 0.65 |
| " 48 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized to the normal group, CCl4 model group, and two tanshinol treatment groups, including a lower dosage group as well as a higher dosage group." | ( Antifibrotic effects of tanshinol in experimental hepatic fibrosis by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathways. Peng, R; Wang, R; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yuan, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Also, rhubarb anthraquinones extract had beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy rats, while no marked effect on liver injury rats under the same dosage regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in normal and disease rats. Hao, H; Hao, K; Jiang, W; Li, P; Lu, Q; Pei, X; Sun, Y, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " However, close attention should be paid to the possible side effects and oral dosage of YCHT in clinics." | ( Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl Chen, M; Hu, P; Huang, C; Liu, F; Liu, H; Pan, G; Peng, H; Qiao, S; Tian, X; Wang, Y; Yin, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "As the first step in revealing the hepatoprotective chemical base of YCHT, we aimed to clarify the absorbed ingredients and associated metabolic pathways for orally dosed YCHT in both normal and liver injury rats from a liver-centric perspective." | ( Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl Chen, M; Hu, P; Huang, C; Liu, F; Liu, H; Tian, X; Wang, Y; Yin, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Our findings support the further development of telmisartan prodrugs that enable infrequent dosing in the treatment of liver fibrosis." | ( Reduction of liver fibrosis by rationally designed macromolecular telmisartan prodrugs. Ackley, JC; Andersen, JN; Baddour, J; Blume-Jensen, P; Brady, SW; Chickering, DE; Economides, KD; Ehrlich, DC; Golder, MR; Held, EJ; Huh, SJ; Johnson, JA; Kopesky, PW; Liu, J; Neenan, AM; Nguyen, HV; Paramasivan, S; Reiter, LA; Saucier-Sawyer, JK; Shipitsin, MV; Vangamudi, B; Vohidov, F, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Groups D, E, and F were intragastrically dosed with ZQRGD." | ( Effects and mechanisms of ziqi ruangan decoction on hepatic fibrosis. Che, JY; Chen, TT; He, J; He, Y; Shao, M; Shi, LP; Wang, J; Xie, T; Yuan, Z; Zhou, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| refrigerant | A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. |
| hepatotoxic agent | A role played by a chemical compound exihibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the liver in animals. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| chloromethanes | A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine. |
| chlorocarbon | Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Pathway | Proteins | Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| Metabolism | 1496 | 1108 |
| Biological oxidations | 150 | 276 |
| Phase I - Functionalization of compounds | 69 | 175 |
| Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type | 30 | 110 |
| Xenobiotics | 4 | 50 |
| CYP2E1 reactions | 0 | 19 |
| Protein alkylation leading to liver fibrosis | 0 | 4 |
| carbon tetrachloride degradation II | 5 | 13 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 70.7946 | 0.0251 | 27.9203 | 501.1870 | AID651751 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 0.2132 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159521 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 0.0112 | 12.4002 | 100.0000 | AID1030 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 0.0013 | 18.0743 | 39.8107 | AID926; AID938 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 67.4056 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159553 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.0010 | 24.5048 | 61.6448 | AID588535 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 0.0178 | 9.6374 | 44.6684 | AID588834 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 0.3981 | 0.0200 | 10.7869 | 31.6228 | AID912 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0014 | 0.8913 | 12.0676 | 28.1838 | AID1487 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 133.0000 | 0.6315 | 4.4531 | 9.3000 | AID1473740 |
| Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 133.0000 | 0.2000 | 5.6774 | 10.0000 | AID1473741 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 134.0000 | 0.1100 | 7.1903 | 10.0000 | AID1443980; AID1473738 |
| Cytochrome P450 2E1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 11.0000 | 0.0140 | 1.6872 | 6.2000 | AID625250 |
| Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 133.0000 | 2.4100 | 6.3433 | 10.0000 | AID1473739 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID504749 | qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation | 2011 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043 | Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID592714 | Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs assessed as inhibition of cell viability by MTT assay | 2011 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8 | In vitro and QSAR studies of cucurbitacins on HepG2 and HSC-T6 liver cell lines. |
| AID37562 | Induction of aneuploidy in Aspergillus nidulans. | 1995 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-17, Volume: 38, Issue:4 | Molecular similarity matrices and quantitative structure-activity relationships: a case study with methodological implications. |
| AID1473739 | Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay | 2013 | Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1 | A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. |
| AID1473738 | Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay | 2013 | Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1 | A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. |
| AID1473740 | Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay | 2013 | Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1 | A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. |
| AID159270 | Toxicity determined using Microtox Test | 1991 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 34, Issue:5 | Using theoretical descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships: some toxicological indices. |
| AID588209 | Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7 | Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. |
| AID346025 | Binding affinity to beta cyclodextrin | 2009 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2 | Convenient QSAR model for predicting the complexation of structurally diverse compounds with beta-cyclodextrins. |
| AID19825 | Partition coefficient (logP) | 1995 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-17, Volume: 38, Issue:4 | Molecular similarity matrices and quantitative structure-activity relationships: a case study with methodological implications. |
| AID588210 | Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al | 2010 | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12 | A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury. |
| AID1443980 | Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch | 2010 | Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2 | Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. |
| AID1473741 | Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay | 2013 | Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1 | A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development. |
| AID588208 | Literature-mined public compounds from Lowe et al phospholipidosis modelling dataset | 2010 | Molecular pharmaceutics, Oct-04, Volume: 7, Issue:5 | Predicting phospholipidosis using machine learning. |
| AID603957 | Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound | 2008 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 43, Issue:4 | QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient for vitamins by optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES. |
| AID540235 | Phospholipidosis-negative literature compound | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2817 (33.82) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1125 (13.51) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1618 (19.43) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2231 (26.79) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 538 (6.46) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (88.45) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 11 (0.12%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 154 (1.75%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 18 (0.20%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.01%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 8,620 (97.91%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | O-acylcarnitine | human metabolite |
| dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
| 9-ethyladenine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2. | 10.03 | 13 | 0 | chloroethanes | hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chloroethanol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body | metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: the aglycone of gastrodin. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols; phenols | plant metabolite |
| 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid | antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 5.03 | 13 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 6.28 | 49 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| adenine [no description available] | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allantoin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 4.94 | 38 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | arsenic oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| beta-alanine [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid | agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter |
| benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 7.85 | 79 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 4.92 | 12 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| butyraldehyde [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | butanals | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 4.87 | 11 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| carbamates [no description available] | 4.22 | 6 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 6.51 | 37 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| catechol [no description available] | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 7.45 | 39 | 1 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chlordecone [no description available] | 7.71 | 47 | 0 | cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound | insecticide; persistent organic pollutant |
| choline [no description available] | 4.55 | 26 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 6.9 | 36 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cuminaldehyde cuminaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | insecticide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| 3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | alkane | xenobiotic |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 4.39 | 21 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 2-nitropropane 2-nitropropane: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitropropane : A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC). | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | secondary nitroalkane | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent; xenobiotic |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| 4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid | human metabolite |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
| hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin |
| 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid | |
| n(1)-acetylspermidine N(1)-acetylspermidine : An acetylspermidine having the acetyl group at the N1-position. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | acetylspermidine | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | xenobiotic |
| creatine [no description available] | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| cytosine [no description available] | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 4 | 14 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone; naphthoic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 4.58 | 26 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| ethanolamine [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 5.08 | 14 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | solvent |
| hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | chlorocyclohexane | |
| glycine [no description available] | 4.11 | 16 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom | 3.96 | 2 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histamine [no description available] | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 4.49 | 24 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | imidazole | |
| indole [no description available] | 7.4 | 2 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 10.39 | 4 | 1 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 6.11 | 16 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 9.1 | 80 | 1 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 8.58 | 9 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 5.78 | 26 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| croton oil [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
| acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; anilide | analgesic |
| n'-acetylspermine N(1)-acetylspermine : An acetylspermine carrying an acetyl group at position N(1). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; acetylspermine | human metabolite |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 4.35 | 6 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 4.22 | 18 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 8.21 | 6 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 5.57 | 23 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 3.89 | 12 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 9.3 | 6 | 0 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| n,n-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dimethylaniline; tertiary amine | |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| hydroxide ion [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oxygen hydride | mouse metabolite |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 4.44 | 23 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid | geroprotector; metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 4.6 | 8 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| parathion [no description available] | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source | 8.78 | 3 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 9.92 | 11 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxylic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| porphobilinogen [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 6.67 | 43 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | purine | |
| putrescine [no description available] | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | pyrazole | |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 7.64 | 3 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite |
| thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
| dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts. | 7.87 | 4 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | selenium oxoacid | |
| sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
| spermidine [no description available] | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | polyazaalkane; triamine | autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| spermine [no description available] | 8.47 | 8 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| taurine [no description available] | 5.62 | 24 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiophane [no description available] | 7.46 | 2 | 0 | saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; tetrahydrothiophenes | |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thymine [no description available] | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 6.83 | 36 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | tertiary amine oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte |
| trimethylamine [no description available] | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | methylamines; tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| tryptamine [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 4.87 | 35 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS). | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| 1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | hydrazines | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent |
| 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine | drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic |
| 1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | oxadiazoloquinoxaline | EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene | defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| 2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromophenol | environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene | agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 4.32 | 6 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 6.61 | 41 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 7.71 | 3 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenanthridone phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | lactam; phenanthridines | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen |
| 6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol | EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monoazo compound | |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 11.32 | 166 | 1 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles | antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | N-acylglycine | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| theophylline [no description available] | 4.62 | 10 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 8.83 | 11 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| dan 2163 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone | environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlexanox amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pyridochromene | anti-allergic agent; anti-ulcer drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| anastrozole [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 8.69 | 10 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite |
| aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| atrazine [no description available] | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 4.78 | 10 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| mellitic acid mellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. mellitic acid : A benzene-derived hexacarboxylic acid in which each carbon of benzene carries a carboxy substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexacarboxylic acid | |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 8.59 | 9 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline | allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| berberine [no description available] | 3.86 | 11 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist |
| betaxolol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol | |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol | antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug |
| bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | mucolytic |
| bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | N-acylurea; organobromine compound | |
| bronopol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitro compound | |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| busulfan [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
| butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline | local anaesthetic |
| cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organoarsenic compound | xenobiotic metabolite |
| caffeine [no description available] | 9.07 | 15 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 8.3 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 8.14 | 5 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 3.07 | 4 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore |
| cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cephalosporin | |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 3.18 | 5 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 8.28 | 6 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 4.96 | 15 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide | |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 7.96 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone: chlorzoxazone metabolite in humans | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| cifenline [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| ciclopirox [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone | antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic |
| ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; thiazolidinone | antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| cilostazol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | lactam; tetrazoles | anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 8.94 | 13 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| ciprofibrate [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clomiphene [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | tertiary amine | estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| 4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| conduritol epoxide conduritol epoxide: conduritol C epoxide refers to the (epi & neo)-isomers; structure. conduritol epoxide : An epoxide resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of a conduritol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cyclitol; epoxide; tetrol | |
| 4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | cresol | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin |
| cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | chromones; dicarboxylic acid | anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker |
| cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound | agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide |
| cystamine [no description available] | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | organic disulfide; primary amino compound | EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
| dapsone [no description available] | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyridones | iron chelator; protective agent |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 8.77 | 11 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | primary amine | |
| eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 9.49 | 7 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent | keratolytic drug |
| methylene bromide methylene bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. dibromomethane : A member of the class of bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes | algal metabolite; marine metabolite |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 9.64 | 8 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 5.5 | 22 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. | 4.49 | 4 | 0 | alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa. | 3 | 4 | 0 | N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | indoles | antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor |
| dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dithiol; primary alcohol | chelator |
| dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | oxazolidinone | |
| dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 8.1 | 5 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist |
| donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones | central nervous system stimulant |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 7.59 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| cycloadiphenine cycloadiphenine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| ebastine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. | 7.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | 8.85 | 11 | 0 | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 5.08 | 8 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6. | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; quinolines | antifungal agrochemical; food antioxidant; genotoxin; geroprotector; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator |
| ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenoxazine | |
| ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| brl 42810 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
| famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
| 4-biphenylylacetic acid biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines | antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| fludiazepam fludiazepam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anxiolytic drug |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 8.87 | 12 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
| foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 9.1 | 15 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin. | 7.39 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| gemfibrozil [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
| gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | ||
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzoic acid | EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite |
| glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
| glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 3.01 | 4 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| glybuzole glybuzole: structure | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
| guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetamides | |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 7.63 | 44 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 4.14 | 17 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 6.05 | 39 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hexylresorcinol [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | resorcinols | |
| homochlorocyclizine homochlorocyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | thioxanthenes | mutagen; schistosomicide drug |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; thiazide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 4.96 | 12 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity. | 7.91 | 4 | 0 | indolyl alcohol | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 5.48 | 21 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iodoacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | benzenes | |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 9.83 | 10 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| propyphenazone propyphenazone: structure. propyphenazone : A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| itraconazole [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | piperazines | |
| juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 8.15 | 5 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 8.74 | 10 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite |
| leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| letrozole [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| lomustine [no description available] | 7.51 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 8.84 | 11 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles | anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source | 2.85 | 3 | 0 | chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound | autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source | 8.47 | 8 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| edaravone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antioxidant; radical scavenger |
| mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| memantine [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 3.55 | 8 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 3.71 | 9 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group. | 3.87 | 4 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative | anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative |
| methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine | antibacterial drug |
| methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 4.99 | 5 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| nocodazole [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 8.24 | 6 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | membrane transport modulator |
| nadolol [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | tetralins | |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS. | 3.55 | 8 | 0 | ||
| nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound | |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound | |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 8.54 | 8 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 4.08 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimetazepam nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | isoquinolines | dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 7.98 | 4 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles | |
| oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pamidronate [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | phosphonoacetic acid | |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| 4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| 4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | insecticide |
| pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
| pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 10.63 | 25 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 8.27 | 6 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | piperidines | cardiovascular drug |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 9.36 | 251 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 8.33 | 7 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. | 7.8 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 4.93 | 12 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group. | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | acyl fluoride | serine proteinase inhibitor |
| phloretin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dihydrochalcones | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | 8.54 | 8 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones | antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
| ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | chromones | |
| pyranoprofen pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source | 3.82 | 3 | 0 | pyridochromene | |
| praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity. | 5.96 | 36 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 4.69 | 30 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 4.56 | 25 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| protopine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dibenzazecine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| ranitidine [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid | agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat |
| s-methylisothiopseudouronium S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
| sennoside a&b [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| imatinib [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug |
| sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic | antiinfective agent |
| sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 5.47 | 4 | 1 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| sulfanilamide [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| sulfanitran [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | ||
| sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
| sulfisomidine Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent |
| sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination. | 4.72 | 31 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols | dye |
| sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | isothiocyanate; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | sulfonamide; tryptamines | serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane | keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent |
| 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 3.74 | 3 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aziridines | |
| thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| tiapride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| tinoridine tinoridine: proposed anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS seach PYRIDINES (75-86) | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | thienopyridine | |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazole; imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant |
| nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | |
| tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
| tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 8.38 | 7 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| tolnaftate [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | monothiocarbamic ester | antifungal drug |
| n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 7.76 | 3 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | pteridines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| bromoform bromoform: structure | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes | |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 7.7 | 3 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; iminium betaine | food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 7.7 | 3 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| undecylenic acid undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | undecenoic acid | antifungal drug; plant metabolite |
| urapidil [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | piperazines | |
| urethane [no description available] | 8.45 | 8 | 0 | carbamate ester | fungal metabolite; mutagen |
| venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure | 3.64 | 9 | 0 | aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines | |
| ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative |
| zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
| zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
| zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles | cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide | anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine | central nervous system depressant; sedative |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acylcholine | |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 5.35 | 19 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 9.94 | 12 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 8.34 | 7 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 8.83 | 12 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 5.98 | 36 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| piperonyl butoxide [no description available] | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | benzodioxoles | pesticide synergist |
| isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | catechols | |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 12.65 | 138 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 4.59 | 8 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 8.46 | 8 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | tartrate salt | antihypertensive agent |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 9.68 | 9 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 8.07 | 5 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorinated steroid | |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 7.67 | 3 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| promazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.38 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| hydroxyacetylaminofluorene Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | |
| 2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines. | 5.22 | 50 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen |
| adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| idoxuridine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. | 8.85 | 92 | 1 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen |
| isonicotinic acid isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | ||
| isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
| biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 4.2 | 17 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | |
| 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide | carcinogenic agent |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 8.68 | 10 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi. | 7.55 | 2 | 0 | alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 5.3 | 18 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| chlorobutanol [no description available] | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 7.64 | 3 | 0 | cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide | GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant |
| testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 5.62 | 25 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
| promethazine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 4.61 | 27 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | tetrachlorophenol | xenobiotic metabolite |
| uridine [no description available] | 8.22 | 6 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 9.07 | 15 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 8.68 | 10 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 8.09 | 5 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| n-nitrosomorpholine N-nitrosomorpholine : A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 4.55 | 26 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | 5.44 | 21 | 0 | azobenzenes | |
| phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | benzenes; primary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 9.61 | 10 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| monomethylhydrazine Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phlorhizin [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine . | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | amphetamines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 5.54 | 28 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 4-nitrobenzoic acid 4-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzoic acid : A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid | |
| ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| aniline [no description available] | 5.23 | 16 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| 2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine | |
| dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 7.8 | 67 | 1 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | lactose | |
| primaquine phosphate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 5.75 | 35 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 4.04 | 15 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 3.32 | 7 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 5.01 | 40 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-hexanal [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
| uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminouracil; nitrogen mustard | |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 5.32 | 22 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | plant metabolite |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 10.66 | 321 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| hexachloroethane [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethanes | carcinogenic agent; refrigerant |
| fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug |
| triamcinolone diacetate triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. | 4.21 | 6 | 0 | dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole | antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor |
| dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 5.64 | 25 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| mannitol [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 3.03 | 5 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. | 6.98 | 32 | 0 | chloroethanes | polar solvent |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 9.51 | 9 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mestranol [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| alizarin [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | chromophore; dye; plant metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 4.26 | 19 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 2.94 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | N-substituted diamine; secondary amino compound | antioxidant |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 4.51 | 24 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. | 4.67 | 29 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | plant metabolite; refrigerant |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| acetylene [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group. | 5.26 | 17 | 0 | chloromethanes; methyl halides | marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant |
| boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | boranes; mononuclear parent hydride | |
| bromoethane bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; refrigerant; solvent |
| bromochloromethane bromochloromethane: inhibitor of ruminal methane production. bromochloromethane : A halomethane that is chloromethane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | halomethane | |
| propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 11.24 | 12 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
| ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. | 4.99 | 13 | 0 | chloroethanes | antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic |
| vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group. | 5.6 | 14 | 0 | chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene | carcinogenic agent |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 5.14 | 14 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 12.69 | 45 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects. | 6.51 | 26 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound | |
| ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 4.82 | 4 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| bromodichloromethane bromodichloromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromodichloromethane : A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water. | 8.09 | 5 | 0 | halomethane | environmental contaminant; reagent |
| 1,1-dichloroethane [no description available] | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines. | 8.84 | 12 | 0 | chloroethenes | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| 1,1-difluoroethylene 1,1-difluoroethylene: structure | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; organofluorine compound | |
| phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent. | 5.45 | 21 | 0 | acyl chloride | |
| nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | |
| bromotrichloromethane Bromotrichloromethane: A potent liver poison. In rats, bromotrichloromethane produces about three times the degree of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as does carbon tetrachloride. | 6.32 | 30 | 0 | ||
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 4.65 | 8 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| trichlorofluoromethane trichlorofluoromethane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trichlorofluoromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | chlorofluorocarbon; halomethane | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; NMR solvent; refrigerant |
| tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol | protic solvent |
| trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalcohol | |
| tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes. | 3.96 | 13 | 0 | alkyl hydroperoxide | antibacterial agent; oxidising agent |
| pentachloroethane [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | chloroethanes | non-polar solvent |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| chloropicrin chloropicrin: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED (66-85); Index Medicus search CHLOROPICRIN (66-85). chloropicrin : A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antifungal agrochemical; fumigant insecticide; nematicide |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| bromthymol blue Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 4.27 | 3 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | primary amino compound; triol | buffer |
| quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organolead compound | |
| triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| isopentane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | refrigerant |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| propylene dichloride propylene dichloride: Russian drug; structure. 1,2-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | chloroalkane; volatile organic compound | |
| 2,3-dichloro-1-propene 2,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
| methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound | bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 1,1,2-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 8.88 | 95 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| chloroacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
| n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide. | 7.69 | 3 | 0 | acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | metabolite |
| peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | a peroxy acid | disinfectant; oxidising agent |
| 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2. | 9.47 | 7 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| dichloroacetic acid [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | astringent; marine metabolite |
| pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | bisphenol | endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen |
| cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. | 8.98 | 5 | 0 | peroxol | environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent |
| p-tert-amylphenol p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
| dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; xanthene dye | fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye |
| cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic |
| acenaphthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acenaphthenes | |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 3.29 | 6 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | flavin | |
| 9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
| diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. | 9.58 | 8 | 0 | organic cation | defoliant; herbicide |
| 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-nitronaphthalene 1-nitronaphthalene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 1 position. 1-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1.. mononitronaphthalene : A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position.. nitronaphthalene : A nitroarene that is naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | mononitronaphthalene | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| fluorene [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| carbazole carbazole: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazole | |
| penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| hexamethylbenzene hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | methylbenzene | |
| xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. | 7.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trichlorophenol | carcinogenic agent |
| n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| 2-nitrotoluene nitrotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | mononitrotoluene | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant |
| picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten |
| pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid | |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 4.14 | 5 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| 1-methylnaphthalene 1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | carcinogenic agent; plant metabolite |
| 1-chloronaphthalene 1-chloronaphthalene: word preservative; in xylamon the active ingredient is 60% 1-chloronaphthalene; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2126 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-naphthylphenylamine N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine: RN given refers to 1-naphthylamine cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone | animal metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene. | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon | solvent |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| quinoline [no description available] | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
| 2-methylnaphthalene 2-methylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | |
| 2-chloronaphthalene 2-chloronaphthalene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthacene tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene; tetracenes | |
| tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative |
| 4-biphenylamine 4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminobiphenyl | carcinogenic agent |
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | xanthene | |
| phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| thianthrene thianthrene: in its electron deficient state, effects formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in process of oxidative phosphorylation; structure. thianthrene : The organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is the parent compound of the thianthrenes, a tricyclic structure comprising two benzene rings fused to the b and e sides of 1,4-dithin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; thianthrenes | |
| benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | biphenyls; substituted aniline | carcinogenic agent |
| methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester | insect attractant; metabolite |
| ethyl benzoate ethyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a volatile oil component found in ripe kiwifruit, cranberry juice, and palm kernel oil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; ethyl ester | flavouring agent; fragrance; volatile oil component |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| butylparaben [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes | environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| benzothiophene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene | |
| benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles | environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| 2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | xylene | |
| 2-chlorotoluene 2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. | 4.3 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | hepatotoxic agent; metabolite |
| 2-chloroaniline [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-toluidine 2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aminotoluene | carcinogenic agent |
| 2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | bromophenol | marine metabolite |
| pseudocumene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin |
| 2,4-xylidine 2,4-xylidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4-dimethylaniline : A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A clear to yellow liquid, it is used in production of certain dyes, pesticides and other chemicals. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | dimethylaniline; primary arylamine | |
| durene durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetramethylbenzene | |
| 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for bromine & chlorine moieties | 9.83 | 6 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 1,2,3-trichloropropane [no description available] | 3.52 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| diethyl ketone diethyl ketone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. pentan-3-one : A pentanone that is pentane carrying an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | pentanone | animal metabolite |
| cyclopentanol [no description available] | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | cyclopentanols | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| ethyl 2-methylpropanoate ethyl isobutyrate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of isobutyric acid with ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ethyl ester | plant metabolite |
| triethylborane triethylborane: used in the radical deuteration reaction of ribonucleoside derivatives | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| tert-butylbenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzotrifluoride alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: structure in first source. (trifluoromethyl)benzene : A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; fluorohydrocarbon | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
| arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organoarsonic acid | |
| butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. | 9.03 | 4 | 0 | nitroarene; nitrobenzenes | |
| carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 4.57 | 1 | 1 | botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones | allergen |
| 3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dinitrobenzene | neurotoxin |
| methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene; toluenes | human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 4-isopropylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | flavouring agent |
| 4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyacetophenone | fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-chloronitrobenzene [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
| 4-nitroaniline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroaniline | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-nitroanisole 4-nitroanisole: dye intermediate; organic synthesis; structure. 4-nitroanisole : A member of the class of 4-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one the hydrogen meta to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 4-nitroanisoles | |
| benzyl bromide benzyl bromide: structure given in first source. benzyl bromide : A member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzyl bromides | lachrymator |
| ethylbenzene [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 9.45 | 7 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| benzyl chloride benzyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. chlorophenylmethane : A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position.. benzyl chloride : A member of the class of benzyl chlorides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzyl chlorides | |
| benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; nitrile | |
| methylaniline methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | methylaniline; phenylalkylamine; secondary amine | |
| phenylhydrazine [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic |
| anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | sulfamic acids | environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | pyridinium salt | |
| 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | aromatic amine | allergen; carcinogenic agent |
| 1,2-dihydrostilbene 1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diphenylethane | |
| n-propylbenzene n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | isothiocyanate | allergen; reagent |
| phenetole phenetole : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen is bonded to an ethyl and a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| n-butylbenzene butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| 4-methyl anisole [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| ethyl propionate ethyl propionate: cholesterol gallstone solvent. ethyl propionate : A propanoate ester of ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | propanoate ester | metabolite |
| ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester | plant metabolite |
| 2,4-dimethylphenol 2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; phenols | disinfectant; volatile oil component |
| 1,4-dibromobenzene [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| 4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | bromophenol | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite |
| 4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | xylene | |
| 4-chlorotoluene 4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | |
| 4-toluidine 4-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aminotoluene | |
| epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | epoxide; organochlorine compound | |
| ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae. | 7.07 | 29 | 0 | bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon | algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant; refrigerant |
| 1-butene but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | butene | |
| 1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butadiene | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| acrolein [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| 1-bromo-2-chloroethane 1-bromo-2-chloroethane : A haloalkane that is bromoethane substituted by chlorine at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound | mutagen |
| 2-bromoethylamine [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | ||
| propionitrile propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| acrylonitrile [no description available] | 4.16 | 5 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent |
| allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds. | 4.93 | 37 | 0 | primary allylic alcohol; propenol | antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite |
| ethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric Chloride: A highly toxic compound used as a fungicide for treating seeds.. ethylmercuric chloride : A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; organomercury compound | fungicide |
| methyl formate methyl formate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | formate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | fumigant; insecticide; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 4.48 | 23 | 0 | alkane | |
| 2-pentanone pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone; pentanone | plant metabolite |
| 1,3-butylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-1,3-diol : A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | |
| 1-nitropropane 1-nitropropane : A nitroalkane that is propane substituted at C-1 by a nitro group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | primary nitroalkane | |
| vinyl acetate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [no description available] | 4.47 | 7 | 0 | ketone | |
| isobutylmethylcarbinol isobutylmethylcarbinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyclic carboxylic anhydride | metabolite; reagent |
| 3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | xylene | |
| 3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
| 3-toluidine 3-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | |
| 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| bromobenzene [no description available] | 6.24 | 27 | 0 | bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound | hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 4.48 | 7 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| cyclohexanone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aryl thiol | |
| n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
| propyl acetate propyl acetate: affects aggression without affecting motor activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. propyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| butyl bromide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 5.41 | 20 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| 1-pentene 1-pentene: structure in first source | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| n-butyronitrile [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile | |
| allyl cyanide TL 350: structure given in first source. allyl cyanide : An aliphatic nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; olefinic compound | antifeedant; neurotoxin; plant metabolite |
| methyl cellosolve methyl cellosolve: widely used industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes & inks; may cause anemia macrocytosis, appearance of young granulocytes in blood; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether | protic solvent; solvent |
| diethylamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary aliphatic amine | |
| ethyl formate ethyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol.. ethoxycarbonyl group : An organyl group of formula -COOEt. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; formate ester | fumigant; plant metabolite |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.55 | 8 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| di-tert-butyl peroxide tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,5-hexanedione 2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diketone; methyl ketone | human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
| isobutyl acetate isobutyl acetate : The acetate ester of isobutanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 8.79 | 11 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| succinonitrile succinonitrile: structure | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent |
| 1,2-dimethoxyethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties. 1,2-dimethoxyethane : A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diether | non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene | |
| squalane [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-octanone 2-octanone : A methyl ketone that is octane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone | metabolite |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| 1,5-pentanediol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol | |
| diethylene glycol glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyether | |
| adiponitrile [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| n-butoxyethanol n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether; primary alcohol | protic solvent |
| nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile: lathyrogen; RN refers to parent cpd; blocks axoplasmic transport of neurofilament proteins with subsequent axon swelling typical of some motor neuron diseases | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl palmitate [no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | fatty acid methyl ester | metabolite |
| n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite |
| dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dodecanol; primary alcohol | bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| imipramine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol | |
| oxyphenisatin acetate Oxyphenisatin Acetate: A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice. | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant |
| tris(chloroethyl)phosphate tris(chloroethyl)phosphate: has gonadotoxic effects. tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; trialkyl phosphate | |
| edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt | antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
| tecnazene tetrachloronitrobenzene: sprout suppressant for potatoes; can be either the 1,2,4,5- and/or the 1,2,3,5-tetrachloro isomer; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. tecnazene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the four hydrogens located ortho- and para- to the nitro group have been replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used to control dry rot, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; tetrachlorobenzene | antifungal agrochemical |
| diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser |
| maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | 4-pyranones | metabolite |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 7.67 | 3 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| isoquinoline [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; coumarins | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite |
| anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| dibenzoylmethane dibenzoylmethane : A beta-diketone that is acetylacetone (acac) in which both methyl groups have been replaced by phenyl groups. It is a minor constituent of the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and exhibits antimutagenic and anticancer effects. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; paraben | antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| cyclopentanone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones | Maillard reaction product |
| vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| 1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones | |
| di-n-pentyl phthalate dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | plasticiser |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | quinolines | |
| iodohippuric acid Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-acylglycine; organoiodine compound | |
| 1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone | |
| 2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 4.58 | 8 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic |
| tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzoate ester | |
| 2-methylbutanol 2-methylbutanol: fragrance; structure in first source. 2-methylbutan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | NTA; tricarboxylic acid | carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent |
| protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxybenzaldehyde | |
| diphenylcarbazide Diphenylcarbazide: Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colorimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | |
| p-cresyl acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 5.08 | 13 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1,3-dichloropropane 1,3-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by a chlorine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloroalkane; chlorohydrocarbon | environmental contaminant; nematicide |
| n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; plant metabolite |
| dibutyl ether [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor |
| monomethylarsonic acid monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | arsonic acids; one-carbon compound; organoarsonic acid | |
| diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
| pentoxyl Pentoxyl: 5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur. | 3.84 | 12 | 0 | dithiocarbamic acids | chelator; copper chelator |
| 3-hydroxyanisole 3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| o,o,s-trimethyl phosphorothioate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 7.39 | 21 | 1 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-amino-1-propanol 3-aminopropan-1-ol : A member of the class of propanolamines that is propane with a hydroxy substituent at C-1 and an amino substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; primary amine; propanolamine | |
| 1,12-benzoperylene 1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(e)pyrene benzo(e)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzo[e]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene: structure in first source | 3 | 1 | 0 | pyrenes | |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| benzo(j)fluoranthene benzo(j)fluoranthene: dihydrodiol metabolites identified as mutagens; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| triphenylene triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | |
| chrysene chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | plant metabolite |
| dibenzo(aj)anthracene dibenzo(aj)anthracene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| phenanthridine phenanthridine : An azaarene that is the 9-aza derivative of phenanthrene. The parent of the class of phenanthridines. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenanthridines; polycyclic heteroarene | |
| benzo(a)fluorene benzo(a)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| benzo(b)fluorene benzo(b)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| 1,3-benzodioxole 1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxole | |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 4.25 | 18 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrimidines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 3.77 | 10 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| cyclooctane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines | |
| allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| norchlorcyclizine norchlorcyclizine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perfluorooctane perfluorooctane: used in the treatment of giant retinal tears with proliferative vitreoretinopathy | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon | |
| hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | pyrrolizidine alkaloid | |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; phenylureas | agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic |
| carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| pseudoephedrine hydrochloride pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | plant metabolite |
| diethyl sulfide ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethyl sulfide | |
| galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide | mouse metabolite |
| procarbazine hydrochloride procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent |
| trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride: An anti-cholesteremic agent that inhibits delta 7-reductase, delta 14 reductase, and sterol biosynthesis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| N-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1-[4-[[(2-chlorophenyl)methylamino]methyl]cyclohexyl]methanamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| 4-fluorophenol 4-fluorophenol: structure given in first source. 4-fluorophenol : A fluorophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a fluorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fluorophenol; monofluorobenzenes | |
| 3-fluorophenol 3-fluorophenol: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | nitrile; one-carbon compound | EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor |
| cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
| lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| thiophosgene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thiocarbonyl compound | |
| 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 3.73 | 10 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | bile acid glycine conjugate | human metabolite |
| fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. | 4.57 | 1 | 1 | ||
| boldine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| rhein [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | |
| cholanthrene cholanthrene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
| aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| menadiol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalenes; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone | |
| 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7h-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-7H-furo(3,2-g)(1)benzopyran-7-one: isolated from Angelica dahurica (Umbelliferae); structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | |
| phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol | plant metabolite |
| flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | flavanones | |
| thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| 1,4-benzodioxan 1,4-benzodioxan: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | carbonate salt; organic sodium salt | |
| carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 8.66 | 2 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| phloroglucinol dimethyl ether phloroglucinol dimethyl ether: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| 4-hydroxyphenylethanol 4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; protective agent |
| phorone phorone: an industrial solvent; structure | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | dialkenyl ketone | |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | propane-1,3-diols | metabolite; protic solvent |
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oleanolic acid [no description available] | 4.71 | 28 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| 1-chloro-2-methylpropene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol | histological dye; plant metabolite |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 3.82 | 10 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid: a nonpermeable electron acceptor. 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is 1,2-naphthoquinone substituted at position 4 with a sulfonic acid group. Used principally as a reagent in colorimetric determinations. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; naphthalenone | colorimetric reagent |
| physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| hemimellitene hemimellitene: structure. 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in Centaurium erythraea. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin; plant metabolite |
| copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles | antitubercular agent |
| cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cellobiose | epitope |
| syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
| arsenamide Arsenamide: Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone: plant derivative which stimulates reproduction in Microtus montanus. 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone : A 2-benzoxazolinone that is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzoxazole | antibacterial agent; anticonvulsant; antifungal agent; muscle relaxant; plant metabolite |
| chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| 2-methylfuran 2-methylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | furans; volatile organic compound | flavouring agent; fuel; hepatotoxic agent; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite |
| phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| Ethyl pentanoate ethyl valerate: a green apple flavoring agent | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| 4-iodophenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | iodophenol | |
| 1-chloropropane 1-chloropropane: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | chloroethenes | |
| aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3. | 4.3 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 9.14 | 348 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| 1-chlorohexane [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dibutyl sulfide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | |
| n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| dimethylzinc [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organobromine compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | |
| resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | phenoxazine | |
| 1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage. | 11.09 | 39 | 0 | isothiocyanate | insecticide |
| paeonol paeonol: structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| trimesic acid trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; tricarboxylic acid | |
| prenol [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkenyl alcohol; prenols | |
| carbon tetrabromide tetrabromomethane : A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups. | 7.73 | 3 | 0 | bromomethanes | |
| 3-chloro-2-methylprop-1-ene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent |
| 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | |
| docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
| 3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | 3.66 | 9 | 0 | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
| isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | environmental contaminant |
| 2-nitronaphthalene 2-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene carrying a nitro group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | mononitronaphthalene | |
| 1,2-dibromobenzene dibromobenzene : Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| 2-benzoquinone 2-benzoquinone: reacts with methionines of RNAase at pH 1; reagent for determining conformational differences in related proteins. 1,2-benzoquinone : A benzoquinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoquinones; benzoquinone | |
| succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | |
| betaine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-bromophenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorophenol | |
| iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position. | 8.59 | 9 | 0 | ketone | |
| butylurea butylurea: CNS depressant | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkene | |
| allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1 | 8.25 | 6 | 0 | organic sulfide | |
| vinyl bromide vinyl bromide: structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bromoalkene; monohaloethene | |
| 2,2-dichloropropane 2,2-dichloropropane: a water pollutant | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| megestrol acetate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; tertiary phosphine | NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent |
| pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | pentachlorobenzenes | persistent organic pollutant |
| 2-methylanthracene 2-methylanthracene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrosomethylurethane Nitrosomethylurethane: An alkylating carcinogen that produces gastrointestinal and probably lung and nervous system tumors. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 7.11 | 26 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| ethyl pyruvate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | oxo carboxylic acid | |
| 3-isopropylphenol 3-isopropylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-ethylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| 3-hydroxyacetanilide metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | non-narcotic analgesic |
| 4-Ethoxyphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols | |
| 4-ethyltoluene [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dimethyl disulfide [no description available] | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | organic disulfide | xenobiotic metabolite |
| methoxyacetic acid methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; human xenobiotic metabolite; mutagen |
| n-ethylacetamide N-ethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is the N-ethyl derivative of acetamide. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | metabolite |
| 2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | hexanol; secondary alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical |
| amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| hexamethylene glycol hexane-1,6-diol : A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diol; primary alcohol | |
| tritriacontane tritriacontane : A long-chain alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 33 carbon atoms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | |
| 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5. | 3.59 | 8 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester | hepatic steatosis inducing agent |
| c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5. | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound | analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| 4-propylphenol 4-propylphenol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| diisopropylamine dichloroacetate diisopropylamine dichloroacetate: stimulates smooth muscle & strongly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound | |
| tetracyanoethylene tetracyanoethene: structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dibutyldichlorotin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxychloroquine sulfate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9-methylanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9,10-dimethylanthracene 9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| 4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates | |
| ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester | plant metabolite |
| ethyl n-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate ethyl N-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl N-acetyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-acetyltyrosine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols | |
| vinblastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones | polar aprotic solvent |
| amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-aminobenzimidazole 2-aminobenzimidazole: metabolite of benomyl; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-aminobenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| tri-n-butylphosphine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3,5-triallyl isocyanurate [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | triazines | |
| ethambutol hydrochloride ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antitubercular agent |
| phenylglyoxal [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenylacetaldehydes | |
| undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| 1,3-propane sultone 1,3-propane sultone: sultone is usually defined as a derivative of 1,8-naphtholsulfonic acid; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | sultone | |
| tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii). | 8.57 | 8 | 0 | alkaloid; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| lauryl gallate [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester | |
| citiolone citiolone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| manganese dioxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | manganese molecular entity; metal oxide | |
| ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| ferrous oxide [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | iron oxide | |
| antimycin a [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; formamides; macrodiolide; phenols | antifungal agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; piscicide |
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | 5.65 | 18 | 1 | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 9.5 | 131 | 1 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 8.24 | 6 | 0 | ||
| pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile | |
| selenocystine selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | diselenide; selenoamino acid | |
| fluanisone fluanisone: former provisional as haloanisone; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 4-n-Butylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol | hapten; plant metabolite |
| nitroxinil Nitroxinil: Proposed anthelmintic for fasciola and liver fluke infestations. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| 6-methylchrysene 6-methylchrysene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | |
| stearylamine stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
| tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene | antifungal agrochemical |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 5.34 | 18 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| 2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroquinones | food antioxidant |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| diallyl trisulfide [no description available] | 7.45 | 2 | 0 | organic trisulfide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; estrogen receptor antagonist; insecticide; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 4-chlorobiphenyl 4-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobiphenyl | |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| 1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | |
| diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. | 10.62 | 5 | 1 | organic disulfide | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxyclozanide Oxyclozanide: Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxyacetyl nitrate peroxyacetyl nitrate: important air pollutant; structure | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fast green fcf Fast Green FCF: structure. Fast green FCF : An organic sodium salt having 2-{(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}-5-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a substitute for Light green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome as it is less likely to fade, and is more brilliant in colour. Also used as a food colouring agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; food colouring; histological dye |
| mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide | persistent organic pollutant |
| ethyl violet ethyl violet: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of ethyl violet cation. Used for inclusion in mixed dye solutions of the iron resorcin fuchsin type for demonstrating elastic fibres. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| 12-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-methylcoumarin 7-methylcoumarin: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
| 2-methylphenanthrene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | sulfur coordination entity | greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent |
| direct red 81 Direct Red 81: RN given refers to disodium salt; structure given in first source. Sirius red 4B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red 4B (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. Used as the plasma stain in some trichrome staining methods. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyphenytoin hydroxyphenytoin: main metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 4-hydroxyphenytoin : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing phenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at position 5. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; phenols | metabolite |
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| ornithylaspartate ornithylaspartate: used therapeutically in hepatic coma | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
| trimethylcolchicinic acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone | |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| dimethyl trisulfide [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | organic trisulfide | |
| 5-methylchrysene 5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| 5,6-dimethylchrysene 5,6-dimethylchrysene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-ethylbenz(a)anthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diloxanide furoate diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; furans; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | antiamoebic agent; prodrug |
| nafenopin Nafenopin: A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.. nafenopin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nafenopin. It is a peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an hypolipidemic agent.. 2-methyl-2-[4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenoxy]propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid in which ther tertiary hydroxy group has been converted into the corresponding p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)phenyl ether. | 8.07 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid | |
| sulfamethomidine sulfamethomidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| 2-octanol 2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octanol; secondary alcohol | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| clonidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| cladribine [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| ethylene dimethanesulfonate ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| noxiptilin noxiptilin: proposed tricyclic antidepressent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | |
| buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl. | 7.95 | 4 | 0 | diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer |
| metocurine metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
| mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| iprindole Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant | 3.81 | 10 | 0 | dioxolane | |
| peroxypropionyl nitrate [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| helenalin helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| tert-nitrosobutane [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| hepes [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | HEPES; organosulfonic acid | |
| etidronate disodium etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 10.07 | 14 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
| osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. | 7.34 | 2 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 5.41 | 4 | 1 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 3.52 | 8 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | manganese group element atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 3.73 | 10 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 6.52 | 26 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 4.28 | 7 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy. | 2 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 4.21 | 17 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 3.62 | 9 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium | |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt | anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent |
| mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 8.23 | 6 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
| acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
| galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine. | 7.79 | 93 | 0 | D-galactosamine; primary amino compound | toxin |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | iron coordination entity | astringent; Lewis acid |
| ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | iron molecular entity; metal sulfate | reducing agent |
| bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
| barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate | radioopaque medium |
| monoethylglycinexylidide monoethylglycinexylidide: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; metabolite of xylocaine; structure. monoethylglycinexylidide : Amino acid amide formed from 2,6-dimethylaniline and N-ethylglycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | drug metabolite |
| zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
| chromic acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chromium oxoacid | oxidising agent |
| ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | iron coordination entity | |
| chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion | oxidising agent |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 8.05 | 5 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent |
| sodium chromate(vi) sodium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with (MF) CR-H2-O4.Na. sodium chromate : An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | carcinogenic agent; diagnostic agent; oxidising agent; poison |
| potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | potassium salt | allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 4.66 | 9 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 6.93 | 56 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| potassium chromate(vi) potassium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-CrH2O4. potassium chromate : A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | carcinogenic agent; oxidising agent |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ||
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 9.95 | 12 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero. | 8.86 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| 1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively.. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate | 8.59 | 9 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity | |
| sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt | nutraceutical |
| cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
| rhamnose [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | L-rhamnose | |
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ammonium sulfide [no description available] | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mafenide acetate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid | |
| ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. | 7.48 | 71 | 0 | S-ethylhomocysteine | antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent |
| dimethyl alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxo carboxylic acid | |
| benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrenes | |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| sodium tungstate(vi) sodium tungstate(VI): inactivates molybdoenzymes in Anabaena; RN given refers to tungstic acid [H2WO4], di-Na salt. sodium tungstate : An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | reagent |
| hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | dermatologic drug; drug allergen |
| diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase; | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
| salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cloforex cloforex: carbamic ethyl ester of chlorphentermine; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2275 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines | |
| selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| 4-n-Pentylphenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| pancuronium bromide pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| vinyl carbamate vinyl carbamate: promutagen & more carcinogenic analog of ethyl carbamate (urethane); structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | |
| isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | iron chelate | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope |
| fluorides [no description available] | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| clonixin Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| reactive red 2 reactive red 2: inhibitor of ecto-nucleotidase and P(2y)-selective purinoceptor antagonist; structure in first source. procion red MX-5B : A 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine with a multi-substituted napthalen-1-ylamino substituent at the 6-position. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist |
| iodine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| neohesperidin dihydrochalcone neohesperidin dihydrochalcone : A member of the dihydrochalcones that is 3,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone attached to a neohesperidosyl residue at position 4' via glycosidic linkage. It is found in sweet orange. | 7.51 | 2 | 0 | dihydrochalcones; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside | environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| disopyramide phosphate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organoammonium phosphate | |
| fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger. | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 6.73 | 46 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
| 4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | phenols | fungal xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-anisaldehyde 4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | bacterial metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant metabolite |
| methylformamide N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | formamides | |
| isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| paraldehyde Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | trioxane | sedative |
| dioctyl adipate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester | |
| butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| 1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4. | 3.84 | 3 | 0 | dioxane; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent |
| chlorodibromomethane [no description available] | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| thymolphthalein Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | terpene lactone | |
| tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: flame retardant | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | trialkyl phosphate | |
| chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chloroolefin | |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 7.83 | 63 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | human metabolite |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 8.64 | 9 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | phenols | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector |
| pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 7.94 | 4 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant |
| isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antiprotozoal drug |
| 4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | ||
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 3.67 | 10 | 0 | ||
| alkenes [no description available] | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | ||
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ADP-sugar | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a methanogenic inhibitor | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | polycyclic ether | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
| carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid | antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| feprazone Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15) | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| 7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; coumarins | |
| pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | pyrroline | |
| serentil mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organosulfonate salt | dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| 4-ipomeanol 4-ipomeanol: lung-toxic furanoterpenoid produced in moldy sweet potatoes in response to fungus infection; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 8.43 | 7 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| etoposide [no description available] | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 7.9 | 4 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dichlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diamfenetide Diamfenetide: Anthelmintic. It has been shown to be useful in fasciola infections in sheep. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
| carbidopa [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| flunixin meglumine flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium salt | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nonachlazine Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
| permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
| chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available] | 3.41 | 7 | 0 | chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
| flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | acetate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine | geroprotector |
| 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | intercalator |
| nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; carboxylic ester | |
| acarbose [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | tetrasaccharide derivative | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| hymenovin hymenovin: major toxic constituent of poisonous range plant Hymenoxys odorate; shown to be mutagenic; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | oxanes | |
| lorcainide [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetamides | |
| clorsulon clorsulon: potent fasciolicide; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| progabide progabide: GABA agonist; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| staurosporine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound | apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
| atracurium besylate atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| butoconazole nitrate butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; organic nitrate salt | |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzofurans | |
| fenoldopam mesylate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | |
| fialuridine [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| mitoxantrone hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antineoplastic agent |
| alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 7.75 | 3 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| stepronin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 3.44 | 7 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | benzodioxine; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dimethoxybenzene | |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea | antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| alpidem [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| 5,9-dimethyldibenzo(c,g)carbazole 5,9-dimethyldibenzo(c,g)carbazole: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dioxanes | |
| salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | naphthoic acid | |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 7.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | imidazoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer |
| temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| adapalene Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid | dermatologic drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| aromasil [no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sparfloxacin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
| zileuton [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
| mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | tetralins | T-type calcium channel blocker |
| bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gemcitabine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; organofluorine compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent |
| lufironil lufironil: structure given in first source; inhibits CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and inhibits proline hydroxylase | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone | drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist |
| atorvastatin calcium anhydrous [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic calcium salt | |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | oxazolidinone; tryptamines | anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug |
| emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| saquinavir monomethanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 4.31 | 19 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| allyl formate [no description available] | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 1-n-butylimidazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | poison |
| tellurium tetrachloride [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone | 3.87 | 12 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | TRP channel blocker |
| potassium superoxide [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline: strong mutagen found in broiled foods; structure given in first source. MeIQx : An imidazoquinoxaline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline substituted at positions 3 and 8 by methyl groups and at position 2 by an amino group. A mutagenic compound found in cooked beef. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amine; imidazoquinoxaline | carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; Maillard reaction product; mutagen |
| scarlet red Scarlet Red: structure. Sudan IV : A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a {2-methyl-4-[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes; bis(azo) compound; naphthols | carcinogenic agent; fluorochrome; histological dye |
| acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| isothiocyanic acid [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | hydracid; one-carbon compound | |
| cuprous chloride cuprous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. copper(I) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride | agrochemical; molluscicide |
| sodium persulfate sodium persulfate: RN given refers to peroxydisulfuric acid, di-Na salt | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| paroxetine hydrochloride paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| desferrioxamine b mesylate desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | antidote; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator |
| bupropion hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lorazepam glucuronide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | glucosiduronic acid | |
| verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | geroprotector |
| ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| amantadine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 4.96 | 35 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| anisodamine anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |
| bupivacaine hydrochloride bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; racemate | adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic |
| ursolic acid [no description available] | 8.77 | 10 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | metabolite |
| cyclam cyclam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| 3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| baicalin [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. | 3 | 4 | 0 | azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant |
| amprenavir [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| 5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position. | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | methylcytosine; pyrimidines | human metabolite |
| methylthymidine methylthymidine: RN given refers to N-3-methylthymidine | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. | 10.45 | 4 | 1 | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cholesteryl succinate cholesteryl succinate: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesteryl hemisuccinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cholestane ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate | detergent |
| gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | gallocatechin | antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide: disulfide is an important moiety in this cpd. aldrithiol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a pyridin-2-yldisulfanediyl group at position 2. It is a reagent used in molecular biology as an oxidizing agent. Also used in peptide synthesis and for detecting thiols. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; pyridines | oxidising agent |
| 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds | 2 | 1 | 0 | phosphoric acid derivative | |
| 1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-galactoside; D-aldohexose derivative; indolyl carbohydrate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound | chromogenic compound |
| fructose-1-phosphate fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | D-fructose 1-phosphate | |
| o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methylguanine | mutagen |
| dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ticlopidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| epirubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 8.72 | 10 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt | |
| histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | phosphate salt | histamine agonist |
| glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate | |
| cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 3.09 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
| thymol blue thymol blue: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trioctyl phosphine oxide [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dicarbine dicarbine: minor descriptor (77-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBOLINES (77-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glisentide glisentide: structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| goralatide goralatide: from fetal calf bone marrow; exerts a high inhibitory activity on the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. goralatide : A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide; tetrapeptide | anti-inflammatory agent; pro-angiogenic agent |
| azelnidipine azelnidipine: structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| pazufloxacin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| sa 3443 SA 3443: a cyclic disulfide compound with hepatoprotective effects; posssible protective agent in treatment of liver diseases; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/91 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| repaglinide [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 3.6 | 8 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | metabolite |
| sebacoyl chloride sebacoyl chloride: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether) hexestrol bis(diethylaminoethyl ether): minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search HEXESTROL/AA (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate: structure in first source. anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid : A member of the class of anthraquinones that is 9,10-anthraquinone substituted at positions 2 and 6 by sulfo groups. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | anthraquinone; arenesulfonic acid | |
| alpha-naphthyl isocyanate alpha-naphthyl isocyanate: used to separate enantiomers of beta-blockers; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin |
| phenoxazine phenoxazine: RN given refers to 10H-phenoxazine. 10H-phenoxazine : A member of the class of phenoxazines that is morpholine which is ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 5-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenoxazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| cresatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 6.5 | 14 | 1 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent |
| tangeretin tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.. pentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | pentamethoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | isocoumarins | |
| alpha-furil alpha-furil: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gold cyanide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
| sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| miconazole nitrate miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| disobutamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
| zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| schizandrol b schizandrol B: from Schizandra chinensis, plant used as tonic in traditional Chinese medicine | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | tannin | |
| artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone | antimalarial; plant metabolite |
| brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; thienothiazine | antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| flunoxaprofen flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound | antirheumatic drug; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
| tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| diclofensine diclofensine: RN given refers to parent cpd(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone | aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin |
| artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. | 7.53 | 2 | 0 | artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid | antimalarial |
| 3-propylphenol 3-propylphenol: insect bait; RN from File CHEMID | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| 1,4-anthraquinone 1,4-anthraquinone: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dimethyluracil 1,3-dimethyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with methyl group substituents at positions 1 and 3. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | metabolite |
| triethylmethylammonium triethylmethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; aromatic primary alcohol; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uk 68798 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker |
| hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nordihydroguaiaretic acid | antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite |
| loxapine succinate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | succinate salt | geroprotector |
| tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | tocol | |
| loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
| betamipron [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| uroxatral [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| aceclofenac [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| thiocolchicoside [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| tritoqualine tritoqualine: structure | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| hesperetin [no description available] | 8.12 | 4 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| honokiol [no description available] | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan | antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid | analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite |
| nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | methoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | indolizidine alkaloid | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| gentamicin c1 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic | |
| 3-hydroxy naphthoic acid hydrazide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide 2-(4'-methylpiperazino-1-methyl)-1,3-diazafluoranthene 1-oxide: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| 3-deazaneplanocin 3-deazaneplanocin: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase antagonist | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | ||
| beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 2-chloranil [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carbapenems | |
| gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| eburicoic acid eburicoic acid: structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indicine indicine: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; pyrrolizines | |
| maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 3.05 | 4 | 0 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
| ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cerium molecular entity; metal oxide | |
| 2-naphthylisothiocyanate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lastar a lastar A: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| c.i. direct red 80 Solophenyl red 3BL: structure in first source. Sirius red F3B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| cyclobutanol cyclobutanol: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tri-n-butylmethylammonium tri-n-butylmethylammonium: RN given refers to iodide | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rosiglitazone [no description available] | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| tamiflu [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phosphate salt | |
| 5-hydroxymethyluracil [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidone | human metabolite |
| lithium bromide lithium bromide: denatures ribonuclease A; also sedative. lithium bromide : A lithium salt in which the counterion is bromide. The anhydrous salt forms cubic crystals similar to common salt. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; lithium salt | |
| bexarotene [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid | antineoplastic agent |
| s20098 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | catechols; primary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| chloroquine diphosphate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| orphenadrine citrate orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | citrate salt | H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | organoammonium salt | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| 1-methyl-2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cp094 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dibromosulphthalein dibromosulphthalein: RN refers to 3H-labeled parent compound | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| coenzyme a [no description available] | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | glycoside | |
| dimyristoyl diglyceride 1,2 ditetradecanoylglycerol : A 1,2-diglyceride in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specifed as tetradecanoyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diglyceride; tetradecanoate ester | |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 4.6 | 8 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidines | |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 10.28 | 17 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| phentolamine mesylate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| aucubin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| goethite [no description available] | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | ||
| oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 8.09 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
| 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin: metabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound | antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| triflumizol triflumizol: structure given in first source. triflumizole : A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate; hydrochloride | |
| diethofencarb diethofencarb: structure given in first source. diethofencarb : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of (3,4-diethoxyphenyl)carbamic acid. A fungicide with strong activity against Botrytis cinerea and benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botryis spp. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide | antifungal agrochemical |
| lopinavir [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tocopherol; vitamin E | algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| annatto annatto: coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae; contains bixin and pigments that give carotene reactions; induces hyperglycemia | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| androstan-3-ol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| droxidopa Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | catechols; L-tyrosine derivative | antihypertensive agent; prodrug; vasoconstrictor agent |
| glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol: used to locate cadmium not bound to metallothionein | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide | |
| 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-cyclohexyluracil [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | glutathione conjugate | |
| 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xanthommatin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | xanthommatins | |
| 6,6'-methylene bis(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) 6,6'-methylene bis(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline): structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diosgenin [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | 3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal | antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite |
| 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-1-hydroxychroman: a Vitamin E derivative. chromanol : Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sporidesmin sporidesmin: RN given refers to sporidesmin; structure. sporidesmin A : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that has formula C18H20ClN3O6S2, produced by the saprophyte fungus Pithomyces chartarum. It is a mycotoxin responsible for the hepatogenous photosensitisation disease facial eczema in ruminants. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; diketone; organic disulfide; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | mycotoxin; Wnt signalling activator |
| alpha-glutamyltryptophan alpha-glutamyltryptophan: RN refers to L-isomer; a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator. Glu-Trp : A dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-tryptophan joined by a peptide linkage. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator; metabolite |
| moxifloxacin hydrochloride moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | antibacterial drug |
| pregnanetriol Pregnanetriol: A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile: a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist or modulator. also called DPN compound. 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; phenols | estrogen receptor agonist |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist |
| mizoribine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles | anticoronaviral agent |
| desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| u 74006f tirilazad: a lazaroid; potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has shown excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental central nervous system trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; tradename Freedox | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norverapamil norverapamil: N-demethylated active metabolite of verapamil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in second source. norverapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-norverapamil. The major active metabolite of verapamil.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; secondary amino compound | |
| artesunic acid [no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| u 78517f U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| racecadotril racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| saikosaponin d [no description available] | 3.45 | 7 | 0 | ||
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| l-pyroglutamyl-l-histidyl-3,3-dimethylprolinamide [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| geniposide [no description available] | 8.02 | 4 | 0 | terpene glycoside | |
| 1,n(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine: structure & RN given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity | |
| procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways. | 8.48 | 7 | 0 | proanthocyanidin | |
| fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod). | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| triptolide [no description available] | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite |
| o(4)-ethylthymidine O(4)-ethylthymidine: accumulates in hepatocyte DNA of rats exposed to diethylnitrosamine | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobaltiprotoporphyrin cobaltiprotoporphyrin: RN given refers to cobalt protoporphyrin IX | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cafestol [no description available] | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| schizandrin b schizandrin B: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent with anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Schisandra plant | 5.31 | 17 | 0 | ||
| kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound | EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| bifendate 7,7'-dimethoxy-(4,4'-bi-1,3-benzodioxole)-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: structure given in first source | 4.22 | 17 | 0 | ||
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tadalafil [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| beta-lumicolchicine Lumicolchicines: Three, alpha, beta, and gamma isomers of ultraviolet degradation products of colchicine that lack many of the physiological actions of the parent; used as experimental control for colchicine actions. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion | animal metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-hydroxydopamine 5-hydroxydopamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catecholamine | |
| kahweol [no description available] | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
| desmethylphalloin desmethylphalloin: cyclopeptide similar to phalloidin | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone | hormone agonist; plant metabolite |
| thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent | 8.17 | 5 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| cinnabarinic acid cinnabarinic acid: structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | phenoxazine | |
| zinc coproporphyrin iii coproporphyrin III: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; see also record for coproporphyrin I | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gastrodin gastrodin: the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin); isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume; | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| amarogentin amarogentin: secoiridoid glycoside. amarogentin : A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. | 7.84 | 3 | 0 | monosaccharide derivative; secoiridoid glycoside | EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| metadoxine metadoxine: combination of above cpds | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| stachydrine stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; amino-acid betaine; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid | food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite |
| plavix [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | azaheterocycle sulfate salt; organoammonium sulfate salt | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| asiatic acid [no description available] | 3.35 | 6 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol | angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite |
| taurohyodeoxycholic acid taurohyodeoxycholic acid: a biliary acid used for the prevention and therapy of gallstones and related symptoms | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | |
| lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clofarabine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| dioscin [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | hexacyclic triterpenoid; spiroketal; spirostanyl glycoside; trisaccharide derivative | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. | 7.72 | 3 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| n-gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazoles; diamine | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger |
| mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine. | 9.02 | 2 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | |
| valdecoxib [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; sulfonamide | antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xymedon xymedon: nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound; Russian patent; antiatherogenic; used for treatment of burns; used on varicose ulcer | 7.8 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 5-fluorodihydrouracil 5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| tenax tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| soyasaponin bb soyasaponin Bb: has activity against polycystic kidney disease; isolated from soybean; structure in first source. soyasaponin I : A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrate acid derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin | sialyltransferase inhibitor |
| kallidin, des-arg(10)- kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8) | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester: RN given refers to the 1,4-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)-5-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| emoxypine succinate emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| astragaloside a [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| celastrol [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite |
| procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. | 7.55 | 2 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin | antioxidant; metabolite |
| aloe emodin anthrone aloe emodin anthrone: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| betulonic acid betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source | 7.49 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| trichloromethyl free radical trichloromethyl free radical: able to react with amino acid esters | 5.72 | 27 | 0 | organic radical | |
| carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbene; methanediyl | |
| cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene; cyclopropenes | |
| 1-adamantaneacetic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES). | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 3.38 | 6 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| mk 0663 [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gefitinib [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| bay x 1005 2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source; | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin | vasodilator agent |
| tak 044 TAK 044: endothelin receptor antagonist | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine tyrosyl-isoleucyl-glycyl-seryl-arginine: a synthetic laminin pentapeptide | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sk&f 86466 benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine | |
| fraxinellone fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans | |
| glabridin [no description available] | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyisoflavans | antiplasmodial drug |
| rubiadin rubiadin: highly genotoxic in Salmonella typhimurium. rubiadin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Rubia yunnanensis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | antibacterial agent; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist |
| 7-hydroxy-7'-methoxy-4,4'-bis(1,3-benzodioxole)-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester 7-hydroxy-7'-methoxy-4,4'-bis(1,3-benzodioxole)-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: urinary metabolite of BDD; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| solutol hs 15 Solutol HS 15: multidrug resistance modification agent in tumor cells; polyoxyethylene esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid; previous RN 105109-85-1 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol | |
| 8-oxo-dado 2'-deoxy-7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenosine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| idb 1031 IdB 1031: RN given refers to (+-)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| valproylcarnitine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methotrexate [no description available] | 10.1 | 14 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| delphinidin delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd;. delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; plant metabolite |
| sulbactam [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide | cholinergic drug; provitamin |
| cornuside cornuside: a bisiridoid glucoside from Cornus officinalis Sieb et Zucc; structure given in first source | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ganoine ganoine: structure given in first source; isolated from Ganoderma capense | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-benzyl-3-crotonyl-2-oxazolidinone locostatin: an RKIP inhibitor that reduces cell migration | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1-methylspermidine 1-methylspermidine: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ly 293284 LY 293284: a conformationally restricted tryptamine derivative; a 5-HT 1A receptor agonist; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| abiraterone [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; pyridines | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile | EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide | |
| butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aspartame [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| 3-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)pyrimido(1,2-a)purin-10(3h)-one 3-(2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)pyrimido(1,2-a)purin-10(3H)-one: a malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fulvene fulvene: structure. fulvene : An organic cyclic compound that consists of cyclopentadiene bearing a methylene substituent. The parent of the class of fulvenes. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | fulvenes | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 8.91 | 13 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA. | 3.56 | 8 | 0 | ||
| eckol eckol: structure given in first source; isolated from brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura; inhibitor of alpha 2-antiplasmin. eckol : A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | phlorotannin | antioxidant; metabolite |
| lexapro Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| yh 439 YH 439: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; isopropyl ester; secondary carboxamide | |
| nsc-141549 [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 10.93 | 7 | 1 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| 5-methoxytryptophan 5-methoxytryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5-methoxytryptophan : An L-tryptophan derivative that is L-tryptophan with a methoxy substituent at position 5. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tryptophan derivative | metabolite |
| cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| 4-amidinophenylpyroracemic acid amidinophenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: isolated from Artemisia argyi | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-methoxyhonokiol 4-methoxyhonokiol: an NSAID isolated from Magnolia obovata; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kolaviron kolaviron: antihepatotoxic fraction of biflavonones from Garcinia kola seeds; phalloidine antagonist. kolaflavanone : A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity. | 7.92 | 4 | 0 | 4'-methoxyflavanones; biflavonoid; dihydroflavonols; ring assembly; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| aminoimidazole carboxamide phosphate aminoimidazole carboxamide phosphate: has hepatoprotective effect; structure in first source | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | morpholines | |
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 4.74 | 29 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| telbivudine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| rhodioloside [no description available] | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt | 7.55 | 2 | 0 | ||
| diallyl sulfone diallyl sulfone: metabolite of diallyl sulfide | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | ||
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 3.44 | 2 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| sweroside [no description available] | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| isovitexin [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone | EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| schizandrer a schizandrer A: from Fructus Schizandrae chinensis (Schisandraceae); structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gossypol beta-aminoethyl sodium sulfate gossypol beta-aminoethyl sodium sulfate: don't confuse with MEGACINS | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| threitol threitol: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-isomer. D-threitol : The D-enantiomer of threitol. | 2 | 1 | 0 | threitol | human metabolite |
| aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| kadsurin kadsurin: from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita; has anti-lipid peroxidative effect; cinnamate dimer similar to schisanhenol of Schisandra | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | tannin | metabolite |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 5.66 | 25 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 4.69 | 9 | 0 | ||
| stronger neominophagen c stronger neominophagen C: consists of glycyrrhizin, cysteine, and glycine | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 8.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| enzastaurin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles; maleimides | |
| zm 241385 ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound | antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor |
| l 694,458 DMP 777: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives. | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | very long-chain fatty acid | |
| esketamine esketamine : The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ketamine | analgesic; intravenous anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor |
| propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 5.05 | 13 | 0 | aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite |
| kaikasaponin iii kaikasaponin III: RN given for (3beta,22beta)-isomer; has antihepatotoxic activity; isolated from Abrus cantoniensis; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cavidine cavidine: structure | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative | EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | anabasine | |
| ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | indanes | |
| lapatinib [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dabigatran Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; benzimidazoles; beta-alanine derivative; carboxamidine; pyridines | anticoagulant; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor |
| tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| tolvaptan [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide | aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist |
| sorafenib [no description available] | 3.37 | 6 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| lenalidomide [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator |
| lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| erythritol [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol | antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 7.91 | 4 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester | estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen |
| cortisone [no description available] | 4.38 | 22 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| colchiceine [no description available] | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone | |
| 3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vincaleukoblastine [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite |
| gamma-lumicolchicine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; alkaloid; carbotricyclic compound | |
| lanosterol [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid | bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug |
| 2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobiphenyl | |
| vincristine sulfate [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | organic sulfate salt | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector |
| benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 4.33 | 19 | 0 | ||
| sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt | |
| lupeol [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite |
| calendula Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| acivicin [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite |
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| 2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; indolinone | |
| withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid | nematicide; plant metabolite |
| marmesin marmesin: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; nodakenetin is the (R)-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | marmesin | |
| phyllanthin [no description available] | 3.03 | 4 | 0 | lignan | |
| o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
| bortezomib [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
| rosiglitazone 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin: possess strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; structure in first source. 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin : A coumarin substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and by acetyloxy groups at positions 7 and 8. It exhibits strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; coumarins; diester | pro-angiogenic agent; radical scavenger |
| ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 6.21 | 45 | 0 | ||
| sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | L-sorbose; sorbopyranose | |
| n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 3.89 | 12 | 0 | peptide | |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues. | 4.57 | 1 | 1 | ||
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| elastin [no description available] | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | 8.16 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. | 8.18 | 5 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin | expectorant; plant metabolite |
| epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| pantetheine Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | pantetheines; thiol | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine | geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols | |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 8.46 | 8 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| puromycin [no description available] | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | taxifolin | metabolite |
| tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | tartaric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | coformycins | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor |
| taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide | human metabolite |
| nicotinamide-beta-riboside N-ribosylnicotinamide : A pyridine nucleoside consisting of nicotinamide with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosylnicotinamide; pyridine nucleoside | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; mouse metabolite |
| pelargonidin pelargonidin: influences flower phenotype. pelargonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin | plant metabolite |
| (+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | limonene | plant metabolite |
| fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. | 8.36 | 7 | 0 | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 8.29 | 6 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 7.37 | 2 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| moxalactam disodium [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perindopril erbumine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | addition compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| miglitol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| rocuronium bromide rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound | geroprotector |
| erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative | enzyme inhibitor |
| kanamycin sulfate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt | antibacterial drug; geroprotector |
| paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| saponarin saponarin: structure in first source. 7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin : A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | metabolite |
| linezolid [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone | antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge. | 4.48 | 4 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| ginsenoside rg1 [no description available] | 7.76 | 3 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid | neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent |
| beta-hederin beta-hederin: derived from beta-amyrin; other hederigenin based saponins are available | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid | antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| carnosol carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | coumarins | |
| abyssinone i abyssinone I: anti-oxidant and cytotoxic compound from East African medicinal plant Erythrina abyssinica; structure in first source. abyssinone I : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-2',2'-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-2'H,4H-2,6'-bichromen-4-one carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyflavanone; phenols | apoptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| genipin [no description available] | 7.47 | 2 | 0 | iridoid monoterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica; | 7.8 | 3 | 0 | glycoside | |
| pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. | 7.4 | 2 | 0 | p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one | |
| ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. | 3.76 | 2 | 0 | isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative | Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| theasinensin a theasinensin A: a tea polyphenol formed from (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, suppresses antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. theasinensin A : A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea. | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | biflavonoid; gallate ester; proanthocyanidin | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; melanin synthesis inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| tellimagrandin i tellimagrandin I: isolated from Filipendula palmata; RN given for (D)-isomer | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
| lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 11.86 | 49 | 0 | ||
| schizandrin c schizandrin C: from Schizandra chinensis Baill & Fructus schisandrae; protects liver from carbon tetrachloride injury; | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | tannin | |
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chloramphenicol palmitate chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hexadecanoate ester | |
| calcium pantothenate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | polymer | |
| pemirolast potassium salt [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | anthracycline | |
| dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid | geroprotector |
| ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| loteprednol etabonate Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; etabonate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid acid ester; steroid ester | anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester | adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acyl-CoA | acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite |
| e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acid | plant metabolite |
| ergosterol [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols | fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 3.63 | 9 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 5.34 | 18 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 9.02 | 13 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 6.25 | 47 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | microcystin | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | ferulic acids | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 4.99 | 2 | 1 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
| mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lycopene [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | acyclic carotene | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| obeticholic acid obeticholic acid: A farnesoid X receptor agonist and anticholestatic agent that is used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases; structure in first source.. obeticholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6alpha-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | farnesoid X receptor agonist; hepatoprotective agent |
| y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| pantethine pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | organic disulfide | coenzyme; nutraceutical |
| 12-tungstophosphoric acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| teniposide [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES). | 4.01 | 13 | 0 | ||
| valrubicin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline; trifluoroacetamide | |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 4.2 | 18 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols | marine metabolite; plant metabolite |
| arsphenamine Arsphenamine: An organoarsenic compound that was commonly used for treating SYPHILIS and other diseases. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide | proteasome inhibitor |
| tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| schizandrin schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name | 3.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| posaconazole [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles | trypanocidal drug |
| dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin | antiinfective agent |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| n,n'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid: from Actinomycetes MG417-CF17; structure given in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetate salt; ammonium salt | buffer; food acidity regulator |
| arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | arsenic oxide | antineoplastic agent; insecticide |
| 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminoxyls; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | |
| trichloromethylperoxy radical [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| idarubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | anthracycline | |
| carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| alpha-asarone asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | asarone | anticonvulsant; GABA modulator |
| 3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-coumaric acid | |
| trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 4-coumaric acid | food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| geraniol [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol | allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| dimethyl fumarate [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | diester; enoate ester; methyl ester | antipsoriatic; immunomodulator |
| glycosides [no description available] | 9.6 | 25 | 0 | ||
| chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
| sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sinapic acid | MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 5.22 | 16 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| crotononitrile crotononitrile: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | nitrile | |
| retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinal; vitamin A | gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide | food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | |
| squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | triterpene | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 5.45 | 19 | 0 | stilbene | |
| isoliquiritigenin [no description available] | 7.53 | 2 | 0 | chalcones | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent | 5.27 | 17 | 0 | ||
| xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol | anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| picibanil Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillinate anion | |
| citraconic acid citraconic acid: was MH 1975-92 (see under MALEATES 1975-90); METHYLMALEIC ACID was see CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; use MALEATES to search CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; SO refers to (E)-isomer. citraconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | human metabolite |
| flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
| lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclic peptide | |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 8.37 | 7 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| s 1033 [no description available] | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine | 2 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines | detergent |
| amygdalin [no description available] | 3.01 | 3 | 0 | ||
| trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile | abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor |
| methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leuprolide acetate leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetate salt | antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| dithizone Dithizone: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes. | 7.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 7.68 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 3.89 | 12 | 0 | ||
| mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 9.19 | 5 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
| 1-methyltryptophan 1-methyltryptophan: an immunomodulator. 1-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan carrying a single methyl substituent at position 1 on the indole. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| levosulpiride (S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | sulpiride | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | caffeic acid | geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| 4-methoxycinnamic acid [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
| isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ferulic acids | antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite |
| phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative | |
| alpha-naphthyl thiourea alpha-naphthyl thiourea: structure | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
| heliotrine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolizines | |
| thiothixene [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | N-methylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent |
| eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | zopiclone | central nervous system depressant; sedative |
| tetrahydropalmatine [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide | carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 8.66 | 51 | 1 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| cuscohygrine cuscohygrine: RN given for (R*,S*)-isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidine alkaloid | |
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 3.03 | 5 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 8.36 | 6 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| epalrestat epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 8.45 | 7 | 0 | cinnamate ester; tannin | food component; plant metabolite |
| thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | barbiturates | allergen; reagent |
| 1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 9.57 | 8 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 9.27 | 101 | 1 | thiocarboxamide | hepatotoxic agent |
| unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| streptozocin [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol. | 3.81 | 3 | 0 | diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol | carcinogenic agent; metabolite |
| fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound | Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent |
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| nadp [no description available] | 9.05 | 106 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 6.05 | 42 | 0 | ||
| ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
| krn 7000 KRN 7000: has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure; structure given in first source. alpha-galactosylceramide : A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration.. 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine : A glycophytoceramide having an alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | glycophytoceramide; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine | allergen; antigen; antineoplastic agent; epitope; immunological adjuvant |
| fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 8.33 | 7 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| hmr 3647 [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| latoconazole latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug | |
| maraviroc [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | tropane alkaloid | |
| toremifene citrate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
| u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent |
| dieckol dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source. dieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin | anticoagulant; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug |
| 5-hydroxycytosine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(allylthio)pyrazine 2-(allylthio)pyrazine: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| goitrin goitrin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. (R)-goitrin : A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione | antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | cobalt salt; inorganic chloride | allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator |
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; thiouridine | affinity label; antimetabolite |
| gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | steroid | estrogen |
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| quinine [no description available] | 8.49 | 8 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
| mdl 72527 MDL 72527: RN given refers to di-HCl; RN for parent cpd not available 6/85; polyamine oxidase inhibitor | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-tert-butyl-alpha-(4-nitrophenyl)nitrone N-tert-butyl-alpha-(4-nitrophenyl)nitrone: RN given from Aldrich 1990-1991 catalog | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cystine [no description available] | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| methenolone Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| azilect [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN). | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| sr 144528 SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source. SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM). | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | bridged compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide | CB2 receptor antagonist; EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dicyclanil [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phillygenin phillygenin: cytoprotective lignan from Forsythia suspensa; structure in first source | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| olivomycins Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| wogonoside wogonoside: from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure in first source. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | |
| salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | polyketide; spiroketal | animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore |
| gigantol gigantol: structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives. | 3.45 | 7 | 0 | ||
| silybin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| 4-nitrocatechol 4-nitrocatechol : A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a nitro group at position 4.It is the by-product of the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; catechols | human xenobiotic metabolite; lipoxygenase inhibitor |
| crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
| mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes | 3.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines | reagent |
| alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt | histological dye |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpinetin alpinetin: from Alpinia henryi K. Schum.; structure in first source | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | ether; flavonoids | |
| 17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | ||
| sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
| sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene | EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid | |
| 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines | EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols | antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| tetrathiomolybdate tetrathiomolybdate: RN given refers to (MoS4)-2; chelates copper; inhibits CopB copper ATPase and cytokine proteins important for angiogenesis; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | ethyl ester; maleate ester | glutathione depleting agent |
| fraxin fraxin: found in Fraxinus excelsior leaves; structure given in first source. fraxin : A beta-D-glucoside that is fraxetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage. It is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Fraxinus excelsior and exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin | anti-inflammatory agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| fraxetin fraxetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 6-methoxycoumarin in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 8 have been replaced by hydroxy groups. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; apoptosis inhibitor; Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent |
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| quercetin [no description available] | 4.85 | 31 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 7.12 | 133 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 4.81 | 32 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 5.5 | 21 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| biochanin a [no description available] | 7.49 | 2 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 3.22 | 5 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| luteolin [no description available] | 7.52 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antioxidant; metabolite |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 9.89 | 11 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| scopoletin [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | plant growth regulator; plant metabolite |
| ubiquinone 9 ubiquinone 9: a form of coenzyme Q found in many foods; RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; human metabolite |
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 3.82 | 12 | 0 | ||
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| 11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | retinal | chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | leukotriene | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| feruloyltyramine feruloyltyramine: structure given in first source; isolated from Cannabis sativa seeds, roots, leaves, and resin; induces hypothermia and motor incoordination in mice; moupinamide is (E)-isomer | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | tyramines | metabolite |
| hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
| daphnetin [no description available] | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
| 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical |
| rumenic acid 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-cis,11-trans-stereochemistry. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid | |
| apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| furylfuramide Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | acrylamides; C-nitro compound; nitrofuran antibiotic; primary carboxamide | |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | HETE | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
| stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | plant metabolite |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 8.97 | 13 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R). | 2 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol | |
| 15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor |
| lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; metabolite |
| gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 3.43 | 7 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 3 | 4 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| kava Kava: Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS; LACTONES; kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | maleate salt | anti-allergic agent |
| chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | fumarate salt | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| dexchlorpheniramine maleate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| methylergonovine maleate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | geroprotector |
| mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| paricalcitol [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane | antiparathyroid drug |
| nervonic acid (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid : A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | tetracosenoic acid | |
| cyclobenzaprine punicic acid: a conjugated linolenic acid. (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid : A 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid having its double bonds in cis, trans and cis configurations, respectively. It has been isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum). | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 9,11,13-octadecatrienoic acid | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| butein [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | chalcones; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| canthaxanthin Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | carotenone | biological pigment; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fungal metabolite |
| fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| polydatin zeaxanthin dipalmitate: from fruit of Lycium chinense; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | xanthophyll | |
| azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | hepatoprotective agent |
| cucurbitacin b [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | cucurbitacin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cucurbitacin d cucurbitacin D: toxic constituent in edible gourd; see also records for cucurbitacins & specific cucurbitacins. cucurbitacin D : A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 5 and 23. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cucurbitacin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| nsc 106399 cucurbitacin E: RN refers to (9beta,10alpha,16alpha,23E)-isomer; structure given in first source. cucurbitacin E : A cucurbitacin in which a lanostane skeleton is multi-substituted with hydroxy, methyl and oxo substituents, with unsaturation at positions 1, 5 and 23. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cucurbitacin; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cucurbitacin i cucurbitacin I: toxic constituent in edible gourd; see also records for cucurbitacins & specific cucurbitacins. cucurbitacin I : A cucurbitacin that is 9,10,14-trimethyl-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 16, 20 and 25 and oxo groups at positions 1, 11 and 22. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cucurbitacin; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. | 7.95 | 4 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter |
| 7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite |
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
| oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| baicalein [no description available] | 8.59 | 8 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger |
| chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cupressuflavone cupressuflavone: from Cupressus macrocarpa; structure in first source. cupressuflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly | EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor; metabolite; radical scavenger |
| diosmin [no description available] | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
| galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone | antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| bellidifolin bellidifolin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source. bellidifolin : A member of the xanthone family that is bellidin substituted with a methyl group at O-3. A natural product found particularly in Swertia chirata and Gentianella campestris. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | polyphenol; xanthones | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite |
| gentisein gentisein: isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum; structure in first source. gentisein : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 7. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | polyphenol; xanthones | plant metabolite |
| hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity. | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; xanthones | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| myricetin [no description available] | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
| wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| daidzein [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite |
| trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| retrorsine retrorsine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | macrolide | |
| cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid | plant metabolite |
| forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao) | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| 3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid: isolated from Siphonostegia chinensis | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quinic acid | |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | rosmarinic acid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. | 7.75 | 3 | 0 | catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| tectorigenin tectorigenin: tectoridin is glycosylated form. tectorigenin : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' respectively. | 7.44 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones; methoxyisoflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite |
| wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| ellagic acid [no description available] | 7.96 | 4 | 0 | catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol | antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | flupenthixol | dopaminergic antagonist |
| estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid | |
| l 660,711 [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug |
| geranylgeranylacetone geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio). | 7.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
| travoprost Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; prostaglandin receptor agonist |
| tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| 8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position. | 3.63 | 9 | 0 | F2-isoprostane | biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| 4-hydroxychalcone 4-hydroxychalcone: structure in first source. 4-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; phenols | antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite |
| 4'-hydroxychalcone 4'-hydroxychalcone: inhibits TNFalpha-induced NF-κB activation; structure in first source. 4'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent |
| imipenem [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carbapenems | |
| etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
| misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | ||
| ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organoammonium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| epoprostenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins I | mouse metabolite |
| dinoprost tromethamine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
| pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| rosuvastatin calcium S 4522: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine; organic calcium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor |
| terbinafine hydrochloride terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | allylamine antifungal drug; hydrochloride | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | geroprotector |
| trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid | |
| 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin f2alpha 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha: main metabolite of PGF2alpha in plasma after allergen provoked asthma; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha)-isomer; structure. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group and hydrogenation of the 13,14-double bond of prostaglandin F2alpha. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ketone; prostaglandins Falpha | metabolite |
| 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E: RN given refers to (11alpha,13E,15R)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug; radiation protective agent |
| thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 8-isoprostaglandin e2 8-isoprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,8 beta,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer; see also 8,12-epi-prostaglandin E2 & prostaglandin E2. 8-epi-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; diol; prostanoid; secondary alcohol | bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; rat metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 9.26 | 18 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
| menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | sphingoid 1-phosphate | mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| fucosterol [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | steroid | |
| codeine [no description available] | 7.34 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| methyl linoleate [no description available] | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid methyl ester | plant metabolite |
| phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| natamycin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug |
| 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyridoindole | |
| acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | androgen antagonist |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carbacephem; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| demycarosylturimycin h [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrazinecarboxylic acid | |
| atosiban [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| bay u9773 BAY u9773: a leukotriene C4 antagonist. BAYu9773 : A dicarboxylic acid that is that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4S and a (4-carboxyphenyl)sulfanediyl group at 5R. It is a dual cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that acts at the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors (IC50 = 0.44 and 0.30 muM, respectively). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; polyunsaturated fatty acid; secondary alcohol | leukotriene antagonist |
| benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent |
| bimatoprost Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent |
| istradefylline [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation. | 2 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins J | electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite |
| latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| enprostil Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | |
| lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
| ono 3708 ONO 3708: structure given in first source; thromboxane A2 antagonist | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rioprostil Rioprostil: A synthetic methylprostaglandin E1 analog that reduces gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the therapy of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage. The drug also prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions. It shows a low order of acute toxicity and there is no evidence of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenicity in animal studies. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol | |
| s 145 S 145: TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/88; S-1452 is the calcium hydrate form of S-145 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | phosphatidylcholine(1+) | |
| bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| linarin linarin: flavone glycoside isolated from leaves of Linaria japonica MIQ | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali. calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative | |
| pellitorine pellitorine: consists of piper sylvaticum Roxb.; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fatty amide | metabolite |
| andrographolide [no description available] | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone | metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| icaritin icaritin: structure in first source | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| icariin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone | antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen |
| licochalcone b licochalcone B: isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata; inhibits phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS signaling pathway; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | chalcones | |
| methyl helicterate methyl helicterate: isolated from roots of Helicteres angustifolia L.; structure given in first source | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6. | 3.08 | 4 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | plant metabolite |
| shihulimonin a shihulimonin A: isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | limonoid | |
| malealdehyde malealdehyde: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; fumaraldehyde refers to (E)-isomer | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | but-2-enedial | |
| furazolidone [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ag-490 [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor |
| ag 127 AG 127: structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| palbociclib [no description available] | 2.97 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic ketone; cyclopentanes; piperidines; pyridopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | guanidines; hydrazone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid | antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 10.16 | 15 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; octadecadienoic acid | |
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| molsidomine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | ||
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| octylmethoxycinnamate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cinnamate ester | |
| 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin: possess strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 7.43 | 2 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 4.59 | 8 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| cefixime [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide | HIV protease inhibitor |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 5.08 | 14 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| methylazoxymethanol acetate Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | azoxy compound | |
| geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-pentenenitrile 2-pentenenitrile: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | styrenes | |
| costunolide [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione: used to treat concanavalin A-induced liver injury; structure in first source | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid | |
| puerarin [no description available] | 3.6 | 8 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid | |
| enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| vinblastine sulfate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| trientine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ternatin (flavonoid) ternatin (flavonoid): from Sceptridium ternatum; also isolated from Egletes viscosa; structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ether; flavonoids | |
| dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester | antigen; mouse metabolite |
| deoxyribose [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | deoxypentose | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19. | 7.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen | adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope |
| acetyl acetonate [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 4.74 | 31 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 9.5 | 7 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 5.3 | 18 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate; hydrobromide | |
| indinavir sulfate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaheterocycle sulfate salt | |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 2,3-dehydrosilybin dehydrosilybin: inhibits cytochrome P450 1A1 catalytic activity; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | flavonolignan | |
| bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| demethoxycurcumin demethoxycurcumin: corresponds to curcumin with one methoxy group replaced by hydrogen; isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. demethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia. | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| icarrin icarrin: isolated from Herba epimedii | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | flavonoids; glycoside | |
| ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor |
| ceftazidime [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| monodehydroascorbate semidehydroascorbic acid: structure | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | organic radical | mouse metabolite |
| trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker |
| alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| uroguanylin uroguanylin: amino acid sequence given in first source; stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase; GenBank Z83746 (pig) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanylin guanylin: from rat jejunum; contains 15 amino acids; activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase; stimulates this enzyme through the same receptor binding region as the heat-stable enterotoxins; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank Z73607 (pig) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ochnaflavone ochnaflavone: from Lonicera japonica; structure given in first source. ochnaflavone : A biflavonoid with an ether linkage between the B-rings of the apigenin and luteolin subunits. It has been isolated from several members of the Ochnaceae plant family. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherogenic agent; antibacterial agent; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; plant metabolite |
| aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position. | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene | antihypertensive agent |
| triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | triglyceride | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite |
| docosapentaenoic acid docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | docosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| famotidine [no description available] | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrobromide | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | Cy5 dye; indolium ion | fluorochrome |
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha). | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas | |
| aztreonam [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| quercetin 7-rhamnoside quercetin 7-rhamnoside: has antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. quercetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | metabolite |
| 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oroidin oroidin: from marine sponges of the genus Agelas; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | pyrroles; secondary carboxamide | metabolite |
| cci 15641 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | |
| germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 4.74 | 30 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | fumarate salt | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| enclomiphene citrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant | anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist |
| antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| pregnanediol [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dichlorocarbene [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbene | |
| diphenoxylate hydrochloride diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride | antidiarrhoeal drug |
| dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | polyterpene | |
| dexbrompheniramine maleate dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | brompheniramine maleate | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| vitamin a2 vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinoid; vitamin A | human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| rifaximin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative | antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug |
| bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes | apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin |
| falcarindiol falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| germacrone germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | germacrane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound | androgen antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antitussive; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; hepatoprotective agent; insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| ergonovine maleate ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | maleate salt | diagnostic agent; oxytocic |
| (2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| schisantherin b schisantherin B: lignan isolated from fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera; RN given refers to schisanterin B and gomisin B | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| sarmentosine sarmentosine: isolated from the herb Sedum sarmentosum (Bunge); structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid 17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid : A hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that consists of 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid bearing an additional 17-hydroxy substituent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; secondary allylic alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| andrographoside andrographoside: from Andrographis paniculata Nees; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| nuezhenide nuezhenide: from Ligustrum lucidum; structure given in first source; RN refers to trans-isomer | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | saccharolipid | |
| cucurbitacin I 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside cucurbitacin I 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is cucurbitacin I attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 2 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Machilus yaoshansis. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; cucurbitacin; monosaccharide derivative; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triterpenoid saponin | plant metabolite |
| everolimus [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| meso-zeaxanthin meso-zeaxanthin: diastereomer of zeaxanthin. meso-zeaxanthin : A carotenol that is beta,beta-carotene carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3R,3'S-diastereomer). It is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite |
| hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). | 3.21 | 5 | 0 | ||
| 4-oxo-2-nonenal 4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | enal; enone | human metabolite |
| asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| idb 1016 [no description available] | 2.89 | 1 | 0 | ||
| axitinib [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza | 3.17 | 5 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite |
| i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine | |
| 2''-galloylhyperin 2''-galloylhyperin: isolated from Pyrola calliantha | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | flavonoids; glycoside | |
| (melle-4)cyclosporin (melle-4)cyclosporin: a non-immunosuppressive analog of cyclosporin A | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
| isoacteoside isoacteoside: a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Indian paintbrush (Verbenaceae) Castilleja linariaefolia; also in other plants; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefpodoxime proxetil cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; carboxylic ester; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; prodrug |
| aurone [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aurones; cyclic ketone | |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 5.01 | 38 | 0 | ||
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| l-165041 4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 9.34 | 6 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| sb 269970 SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| lactacystin [no description available] | 2.92 | 1 | 0 | lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine | |
| nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic | |
| gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 3.63 | 8 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
| morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS. | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid | |
| carboxyl radical [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | carbon oxide; organic radical anion | xenobiotic metabolite |
| dantrolene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | roxithromycin | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cefdinir [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; ketoxime | antibacterial drug |
| bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer |
| beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
| etoposide phosphate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole | |
| ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| temsirolimus [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | macrolide lactam | |
| dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-elemene | antineoplastic agent |
| tekturna [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | fumarate salt | antihypertensive agent |
| jwh-133 1,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Delta(9)-THC: a CB2 receptor agonists; no further information available on 8/2001. JWH-133 : A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; dibenzopyran; organic heterotricyclic compound | analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; CB2 receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; vasodilator agent |
| vildagliptin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| corosolic acid [no description available] | 7.59 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid | metabolite |
| rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid | sweetening agent |
| lysylglutamic acid lysylglutamic acid: a geroprotective agent. Lys-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and L-glutamic acid residues. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
| epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine: cross-link in proteins. epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine derivative in which the acyl group is specified as gamma-glutamyl. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine | |
| kopsinine kopsinine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-isomer; has hepatoprotective properties | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | indole alkaloid | metabolite |
| hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent. | 7.49 | 2 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
| sgd 301-76 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt | antiinfective agent |
| fluvoxamine maleate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes | |
| formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts. | 3.62 | 3 | 0 | ||
| thioacetazone Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gs-7340 tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; ether; isopropyl ester; L-alanine derivative; phosphoramidate ester | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; sulfoxide | |
| gemifloxacin mesylate gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-allylcysteine S-allylcysteine: structure in first source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. S-allylcysteine : An S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulphur is replaced by a prop-2-enyl group. It commonly occurs in garlic and has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| s-allylmercaptocysteine S-allylmercaptocysteine: a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bo 653 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzofuran: an antiatherogenic antioxidant; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gw 501516 GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound | carcinogenic agent; PPARbeta/delta agonist |
| givinostat [no description available] | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester | |
| jbp 485 JBP 485: has antihepatitis activity | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acanthoic acid acanthoic acid: from root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum; structure given in first source | 7.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats. | 7.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cj 13610 CJ 13610: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| tubuloside b tubuloside B: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Cistanche deserticola; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| etomoxir [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| neoandrographolide neoandrographolide: structure in first source; isolated from Andrographis paniculata | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 4-anisyltetrazolium blue tetrazolium blue : An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium blue(1+) as the counterion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | dye |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 7.14 | 26 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| sc 236 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide: SC58236 = SC236 re email from Harris, Ray 2.71 | 3 | 0 | | ||
| abt-770 ABT-770: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor |
| substance p, tyr(8)- substance P, Tyr(8)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN without isomeric designation not available 5/88 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group). | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| molindone hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | indoles | |
| 9-n-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine 9-N-(1-propyl)erythromyclamine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginsenoside rb1 [no description available] | 7.45 | 2 | 0 | ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| gentamicin sulfate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hki 272 [no description available] | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | nitrile; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| secoisolariciresinol diglucoside secoisolariciresinol diglucoside: major precursor of mammalian lignans; structure given in first source; RN given refers to B-D-GLUCO isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. | 4.97 | 2 | 1 | N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound | antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| negundoside negundoside: an antioxidant irridiod glycoside from leaves of Vitex negundo; structure in first source | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| terutroban terutroban: a thromboxan receptor antagonist | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bpc 157 BPC 157: amino acid sequence given in first source; a 15-amino acid fragment of a gastric peptide, BPC, with hepatoprotective effects | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dimethoxycurcumin dimethoxycurcumin: has antineoplsatic activity; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chir 99021 Chir 99021: structure in first source. CHIR 99021 : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-aminopyrimidine substituted at positions N2, 5 and 6 by (5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 4-methylimidazol-2-yl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups respectively. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aminopyrimidine; cyanopyridine; diamine; dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; secondary amino compound | EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor |
| ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol | biomarker; metabolite |
| g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| azacosterol Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cynandione a cynandione A: isolated from Cynanchum wilfordii; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ly-2157299 LY-2157299: an orally active transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beraR) kinase inhibitor. LY-2157299 : A pyrrolopyrazole that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 6-methylpyridin-2-yl and 6-(aminocarbonyl)quinolin-4-yl groups, respectively. A Transforming growth factor-betaRI (TGF-betaRI) kinase inhibitor, it blocks TGF-beta-mediated tumor growth in glioblastoma. | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide; methylpyridines; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolopyrazole; quinolines | antineoplastic agent; TGFbeta receptor antagonist |
| cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cysteine derivative | |
| pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| vitamin u Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | methyl-L-methionine; sulfonium betaine | |
| pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid) pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid): structure in first source | 8.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu) | 2.86 | 3 | 0 | ||
| ligustroflavone ligustroflavone: an apigenin triglycoside from the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone: has antineoplastic activity; blocks NF-kappaB p65 activation; structure in first source; do not confuse with DMC cpd. 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and methyl groups at positions 3' and 5'. Isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, it has been shown to exhibit inhibitory effects on the viral neuraminidases from two influenza viral strains, H1N1 and H9N2. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | chalcones; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols | EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 4-hna 4-hydroxynonenoic acid: metabolite of 4-hydroxynonenal; structure in first source. 4-hydroxynon-2-enoic acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is non-2-enoic acid substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group.. (2E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enoic acid : A 4-hydroxynon-2-enoic acid in which the double bond has (E)-configuration. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enoic acid | |
| glaucocalyxin a glaucocalyxin A: chemical constituent of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx | 7.54 | 2 | 0 | ||
| amg 009 AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| cefotaxime sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| baci-im [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent |
| ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
| lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol: a selective estrogen receptor modulator | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles; ring assembly | |
| px 478 2-amino-3-(4'-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenylpropionic acid N-oxide: inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| amd 070 mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline | |
| cenicriviroc cenicriviroc: an inhibitor of HIV-1. cenicriviroc : A member of the class of benzazocines that is (5Z)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-benzazocine which is substituted by a 2-methylpropyl, N-{4-[(S)-(1-propyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanesulfinyl]phenyl}carboxamide and 4-(2-butoxyethoxy)phenyl groups at positions 1, 5 and 8, respectively. It is a potent chemokine 2 and 5 receptor antagonist currently in development for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzazocine; diether; imidazoles; secondary carboxamide; sulfoxide | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; chemokine receptor 2 antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist |
| bay 63-2521 riociguat: guanylate cyclase stimulator; structure in first source. riociguat : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; pyrazolopyridine | antihypertensive agent; soluble guanylate cyclase activator |
| linoleic acid hydroperoxide linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m mebrofenin technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin: hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | ||
| cytidine diphosphate choline [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| idelalisib idelalisib: an antineoplastic agent and p110delta inhibitor; structure in first source. idelalisib : A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; purines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor |
| 2',4',6'-tris(methoxymethoxy) chalcone 2',4',6'-tris(methoxymethoxy) chalcone: structure in first souce | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sauchinone sauchinone: isolated from Saururus chinensis; structure in first source | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| physalin b physalin B: has immunosuppressive activity; structure in first source. physalin B : A physalin with antimalarial, antitumour and antimicrobial activities isolated from Physalis angulata. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | enone; lactone; organic heteroheptacyclic compound; physalin | antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent |
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 4.34 | 6 | 0 | ||
| hypoglycin a hypoglycin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hypoglycin A : A diastereoisomeric mixture of (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)- hypoglycin A, found in the edible part of the fruit of the Ackee, Blighia sapida (where the 2S,4R diastereoisomer is more dominant (17% d.e.) than its 2S,4S counterpart) as well as in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid | |
| empagliflozin [no description available] | 7.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |
| calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| dextrothyroxine [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output. | 8.71 | 10 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye | |
| dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor |
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ||
| azadiradione azadiradione: structure in first source. azadiradione : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,4,8-trimethylandrosta-1,14-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 16, an acetoxy group at position 7 and a furan-3-yl group at position 17. Isolated from Azadirachta indica, it exhibits antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; furans; limonoid; tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antimycobacterial drug; plant metabolite |
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 4.51 | 25 | 0 | ||
| ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676) | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aflatoxin g1 aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index | 3.27 | 1 | 0 | ||
| taraxasteryl acetate taraxasteryl acetate: from Inula britannica; an anti-hepatitis substance; do not confuse with psi-taraxasterol acetate | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | metabolite |
| alisol b monoacetate alisol B 23-acetate: from Alisma orientale rhizome; structure in first source | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
| curcumol [no description available] | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| derrone derrone: from Retama raetam flowers; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | isoflavonoid | |
| rabeprazole sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| jaw [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | indolecarboxamide | |
| dehydroeburicoic acid dehydroeburicoic acid: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bile acid | |
| cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 6.64 | 30 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| herpetrione herpetrione: structure in first source | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| protectin d1 protectin D1: a docosahexaenoic acid-derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress; structure in first source. protectin D1 : A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; protectin; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; neuroprotective agent; PPARgamma agonist; specialised pro-resolving mediator |
| amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clindamycin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | S-glycosyl compound | |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 4.09 | 15 | 0 | ||
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug |
| bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor |
| somatostatin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | |
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| hes1 protein, human HES1 protein, human: RefSeq NM_005524 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fullerene c70 [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fullerene | |
| ferri-heme undecapeptide ferri-heme undecapeptide: corresponds to residues 11 to 21 of cytochrome c bound to ferriheme; has peroxidase activity; amino acid sequence in Exp Eye Res 1997 Oct;65(4):457-70 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 4.12 | 16 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
| thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity | 3.04 | 4 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. | 7.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 8.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| ly-146032 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics |
| liraglutide [no description available] | 7.21 | 1 | 0 | lipopeptide; polypeptide | glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent |
| glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| warfarin sodium warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | glycoside | |
| quinine sulfate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate | |
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 4.33 | 19 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 7.05 | 42 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for tributylin: 688-73-3 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | inorganic molecular entity | |
| fedratinib fedratinib: a selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| pravastatin sodium pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug |
| didymin didymin: a dietary glycoside from citrus fruits that induces Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; structure in first source | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | flavonoids; glycoside | |
| alendronate sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium salicylate [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sphingosine kinase [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | ||
| pinoresinol pinoresinol: in plants; a furo[3,4-c]furan created from dimer of coniferyl alcohol. pinoresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl groups. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sl 80.0750 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 8.41 | 7 | 0 | ||
| cefotiam hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: structure in first source | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| oleracein e oleracein E: antioxidant from Portulaca oleracea; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2'-acetylacteoside 2'-acetylacteoside: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Cistanch deserticola; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 11.36 | 10 | 1 | ||
| invert sugar invert sugar: mixture of approx 50% dextrose & 50% levulose obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane sugar | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
| technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonic acid | |
| potassium aminobenzoate [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| ampicillin sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| clavulanate potassium potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| lithium niobate [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piperacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| methicillin sodium [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| nafcillin sodium [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| oxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison |
| penicillin g sodium [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
| methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug |
| sodium cephalothin [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| dicloxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | hydrate | |
| sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid. | 4.9 | 2 | 1 | monosodium glutamate | flavouring agent |
| ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| azlocillin sodium [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phenolphthalein glucuronide phenolphthalein glucuronide: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| forsythoside b forsythoside B: structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl jasmonate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| largazole largazole: an antiproliferative agent from Symploca; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 3.86 | 12 | 0 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| canagliflozin canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound; organofluorine compound; thiophenes | hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor |
| arabinogalactan [no description available] | 7.81 | 3 | 0 | ||
| intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tak-875 [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects | 3.69 | 9 | 0 | ||
| egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 7 | 1 | 0 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
| apelin-13 peptide apelin-13 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source. apelin-13 : A 13 amino acid oligopeptide which is the ligand for the apelin receptor (also known as the APJ receptor). It exhibits hypotensive and neuroprotective effects, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | antihypertensive agent; autophagy inhibitor; biomarker; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| incb-018424 [no description available] | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor |
| mannans [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative | antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor |
| nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-iso-prostaglandin a2 8-isoprostaglandin A2: a cyclopentenone isoprostane | 2 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 11,12-EET | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion | |
| 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide: synthetic potential anticarcinogenic | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycolipids [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| alamandine alamandine: heptapeptide generated by catalytic action of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 angiotensin A or directly from angiotensin-(1-7) | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 6.43 | 12 | 1 | ||
| thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging. | 3.04 | 4 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| inotodiol inotodiol: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection. | 8.68 | 2 | 0 | isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester | antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug |
| endrin Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| licochalcone e licochalcone E: from roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata; structure in first source | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gypenoside ix [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| glpg0634 [no description available] | 4.57 | 1 | 1 | ||
| methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 4.36 | 21 | 0 | ||
| heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lanthanide nitrate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 8.1 | 71 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 4.84 | 10 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 4.7 | 29 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| 6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline hydrochloride Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sudoxicam sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| teriflunomide [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide | drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus). | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones; catechols | antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| minocycline hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tigecycline [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ascorbyl monostearate ascorbyl monostearate: cpd prepared in microencapsulated form | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-o-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid 2-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| davallialactone davallialactone: from Davallia mariesii; structure given in first source | 7.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ew-7197 vactosertib: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitor with antifibrotic and antineoplastic activities; structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n,n'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 3.87 | 12 | 0 | ||
| kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
| clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. | 7.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 9.86 | 221 | 1 | ||
| phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| myricetin-3-o-rhamnoside myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside: antioxidant and antigenotoxic from Myrtus communis; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| indenoindole indenoindole: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrethrins [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly | antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor |
| gsk-2816126 GSK-2816126: inhibits EZH2 methyltransferase; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyridines | |
| (Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | butenolide | metabolite |
| agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
| mjn110 MJN110: structure in first source | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gsk-j4 GSK-J4: a JMJD3 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| physalin d physalin D: from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetti; structure in first source. physalin D : A physalin with antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities isolated from Physalis angulata. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 5alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; cyclic ether; enone; lactone; organic heteroheptacyclic compound; physalin | antimalarial; antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent |
| glutaminase [no description available] | 7.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms. | 3.81 | 10 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
| sr9243 SR9243: an LXR inverse agonist; structure in first source. SR9243 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of mesitylene-2-sulphonic acid with the amino group of 2-(m-bromophenyl)ethylamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-[m-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]benzyl group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | bromobenzenes; sulfonamide; sulfone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; liver X receptor inverse agonist |
| technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten. | 7.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | ||
| bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide | antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide |
| calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease). | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | polypeptide | EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor |
| angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 7.91 | 4 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
| gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system | 3.39 | 6 | 0 | ||
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithospermic acid lithospermic acid: isolated from Lithospermum ruderale | 7.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ginkgolide b [no description available] | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
| neferine neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn | 7.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oridonin [no description available] | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate) copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate): copper is intricate part of molecule; not copper salt; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methylethyl moieties | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 9.74 | 32 | 0 | ||
| ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR. | 4.71 | 11 | 0 | ||
| margatoxin [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | ||
| flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers. | 8.5 | 7 | 0 | ||
| cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| factor f430 factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | ||
| protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| edetic acid solasodine: RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha,25R)-isomer; structure. solasodine : An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ncx1000 2-methyl-3-(2-((4-nitrooxybutyloxy)carbonyl)vinyl)phenyl ursodeoxycholic acid ester: a nitric oxide donor; has been known in the literature as 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(nitrooxymethyl) phenyl ester, but this is an incomplete name | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| poncirin poncirin: isolated from the fructus of Poncirus trifoliata; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sparsomycin Sparsomycin: An antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sparsogenes. It inhibits protein synthesis in 70S and 80S ribosomal systems. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ononitol monohydrate ononitol monohydrate: antioxidant from Cassia tora L. leaves; structure in first source | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 8.05 | 5 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | ||
| kutkin kutkin: alcoholic extract of the root and rrhizome of Picrorhiza kurrooa; has heptatoprotective activity; contains picroside I, kutkoside, and a small amount of other minor glycosides of P. kurrooa | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| cyclolinopeptide a cyclolinopeptide A: structure given in first source; cyclic nonapeptide; isolated from linseed oil | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | ||
| bixin bixin: structure. bixin : A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | ||
| entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 3.53 | 8 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| deoxyguanosine [no description available] | 9.87 | 13 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanine [no description available] | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
| inosine [no description available] | 7.64 | 3 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin | coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 4.1 | 16 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| 3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| neopterin [no description available] | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 4.97 | 12 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| valtrex [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| raltitrexed [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 4.19 | 17 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| citrovorum factor [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | tetrahydrofolic acid | |
| rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins | antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug |
| 8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypyrimidine | |
| sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles | antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist |
| tegaserod maleate [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | maleate salt | serotonergic agonist |
| rifabutin [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | ||
| tetrahydroneopterin [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | biopterins | |
| 8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
| 8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid). | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | ||
| nintedanib nintedanib : A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. | 3.64 | 2 | 0 | ||
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 4.44 | 8 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
| arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-ethylguanine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| fr 167653 FR 167653: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate 2'-3'-cGAMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | adenyl ribonucleotide; cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | |
| carthamine carthamine: composed of two chalcones; from Carthamus tinctorius; the conjugated bonds cause a red color; derived from precarthamin by a decarboxylase; do not confuse with carthamidin | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycinnamic acid | |
| cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| potassium magnesium aspartate Potassium Magnesium Aspartate: An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| picroside ii picroside II: RN given for (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6abeta))-isomer; structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 10.03 | 12 | 0 | ||
| trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 5.54 | 22 | 0 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 3.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 8.83 | 11 | 0 | ||
| reamberin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pkh 26 PKH 26: no further information available 8/91 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 3.72 | 10 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aneuploid [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 17.3 | 1,980 | 3 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 17.3 | 1,980 | 3 |
| Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 8.16 | 139 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 8.16 | 139 | 0 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 5.79 | 12 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 5.79 | 12 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 13.84 | 827 | 1 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 17.45 | 887 | 6 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 13.22 | 691 | 1 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 13.22 | 691 | 1 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 10.08 | 92 | 1 |
| Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available] | 0 | 7.03 | 45 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 7 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 17.17 | 1,417 | 3 |
| Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.2 | 18 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 11 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 3.44 | 7 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 17.17 | 1,417 | 3 |
| Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 5.2 | 18 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 9.87 | 55 | 4 |
| Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. | 0 | 7.03 | 45 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available] | 0 | 5.09 | 8 | 1 |
| Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 5.09 | 8 | 1 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 11.34 | 62 | 0 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 8.16 | 92 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 15.95 | 927 | 3 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 8.16 | 92 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 7.38 | 109 | 1 |
| Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 9.6 | 98 | 1 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 14.75 | 163 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 9.6 | 98 | 1 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 9.75 | 163 | 0 |
| Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 9.08 | 79 | 0 |
| Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. | 0 | 9.08 | 79 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 13 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 28 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 10.58 | 28 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 7.41 | 181 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 10.05 | 205 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 10.05 | 205 | 0 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 10.74 | 33 | 0 |
| MODS [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response. | 0 | 5.23 | 44 | 0 |
| Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 8.99 | 55 | 1 |
| Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 7.42 | 118 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 6.81 | 39 | 0 |
| Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Sudden liver failure in the presence of underlying compensated chronic LIVER DISEASE (e.g., LIVER CIRRHOSIS; HEPATITIS; and liver injury and failure) due to a precipitating acute hepatic insult. | 0 | 3.1 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 13.47 | 157 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 8.47 | 157 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 27 | 0 |
| Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 3.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 3.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs). | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Chickungunya Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 5.48 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 7.37 | 2 | 0 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 5.48 | 7 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 11 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 2.8 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 2.8 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 4.81 | 11 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 4.5 | 9 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 4.5 | 9 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 9.09 | 287 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 4.45 | 22 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 13 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 5.79 | 22 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 5.79 | 22 | 0 |
| Disbacteriosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 8 | 0 |
| Lung Injury, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 16 | 0 |
| Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological). | 0 | 9.26 | 16 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 3.77 | 10 | 0 |
| Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Klebsiella [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 7.48 | 117 | 0 |
| Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 2 |
| Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 3.27 | 6 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. | 0 | 5.6 | 9 | 2 |
| Polyploid [description not available] | 0 | 8.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 7.7 | 84 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 7.7 | 84 | 0 |
| Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 2 | 1 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 4.7 | 2 | 1 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 5.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.86 | 5 | 1 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 2 | 1 |
| Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Esophageal Varices [description not available] | 0 | 5.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 4.74 | 2 | 1 |
| Dent Disease X-linked recessive NEPHROLITHIASIS characterized by HYPERCALCIURIA; HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; and PROTEINURIA. It is associated with mutations in the voltage-gated chloride channel, CLC-5 (Dent Disease I). Another group of mutations associated with this disease is in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-5-phosphatase gene. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 4.7 | 2 | 1 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 5.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 5.86 | 5 | 1 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 5.28 | 2 | 1 |
| Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 5.03 | 3 | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 4.74 | 2 | 1 |
| Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 4.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 6.51 | 32 | 0 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 11.51 | 32 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 4.83 | 12 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 9.83 | 12 | 0 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 7.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 9 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 5.42 | 9 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.23 | 18 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 8.42 | 7 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.57 | 8 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 3.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Schistosoma japonicum Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Atheroma [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 7.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 30 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 4.72 | 30 | 0 |
| Cardiac Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 4.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 4.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 4.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 9 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 3.64 | 9 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 3.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 3.6 | 9 | 0 |
| Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.06 | 16 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 5.06 | 16 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Chronic Liver Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed. | 0 | 3.23 | 5 | 0 |
| Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. | 0 | 7.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 3.13 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators. | 0 | 3.43 | 7 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989) | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 2.81 | 3 | 0 |
| Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Factor 13 [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Factor XIII Deficiency A deficiency of blood coagulation FACTOR XIII or fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 22 | 0 |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5) | 0 | 4.41 | 22 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 7.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.97 | 14 | 0 |
| Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 29 | 0 |
| Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 4.69 | 29 | 0 |
| Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA. | 0 | 3.32 | 6 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 7.56 | 33 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 7.56 | 33 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 8.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Adipocere [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 5.29 | 13 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 5.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 10.29 | 13 | 0 |
| Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.2 | 17 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 4.2 | 17 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 7.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 5.41 | 64 | 0 |
| Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatic Failure [description not available] | 0 | 5.8 | 34 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed) | 0 | 10.8 | 34 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Compartment Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatorenal Syndrome Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Genome Instability [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 3 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 8 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.41 | 8 | 0 |
| Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepato-Pulmonary Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatopulmonary Syndrome A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 3.61 | 9 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 8.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Reproductive Sterility [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Lung Injury [description not available] | 0 | 2.8 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals. | 0 | 4.53 | 24 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 7.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer. | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates). | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 5.25 | 4 | 1 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 5.25 | 4 | 1 |
| Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Listeria [description not available] | 0 | 2.74 | 3 | 0 |
| Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984) | 0 | 8.77 | 11 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bilharziasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Thrombocythemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 31 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 8.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Berger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 3.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Instability An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Yin [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity. | 0 | 3.8 | 12 | 0 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
| Cardiac Death [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Crush Syndrome Severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissues, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged severe crushing. It leads to increased permeability of the cell membrane and to the release of potassium, enzymes, and myoglobin from within cells. Ischemic renal dysfunction secondary to hypotension and diminished renal perfusion results in acute tubular necrosis and uremia. | 0 | 6.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 4.55 | 10 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
| Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Parasite Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Gelineau Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Cholesterinosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 7.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Cronobacter Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 4.6 | 27 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 4.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available] | 0 | 7.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Protein [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 8.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling. | 0 | 7.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Bunostomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available. | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoascorbemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. | 0 | 8.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Acetonemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
| Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 9 | 0 |
| Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA. | 0 | 3.54 | 9 | 0 |
| Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 5.45 | 26 | 0 |
| Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. | 0 | 5.45 | 26 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 7.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 7.03 | 45 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Fasciola Infection [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 31 | 0 |
| Fasciolopsiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA). | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA. | 0 | 5.63 | 31 | 0 |
| Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Nutritional Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Enlarged Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Amaurosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 7.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Siderosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Infection [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Ovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 24 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 7.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Nematode [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Necatoriasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
| Aminoaciduria, Renal [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Facial Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Auditory Vertigo [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronze Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Enlarged Liver [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Amelia [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Embryopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Yellow Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilirubinemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 7 | 1 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 6.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholesteatoma A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Oliguria Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES. | 0 | 6.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 6.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Elaeophoriasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Abscess, Amebic, Hepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT. | 0 | 3.82 | 4 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Depth Intoxication [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Spleen [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Yang [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Mast Cell Activation Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Mastocytosis A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA). | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis, Minimal Change [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrosis, Lipoid A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171) | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide. | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Classic Galactosemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 6 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Harelip [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) | 0 | 7.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Childhood Tic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acrania [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Acatalasemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenovirus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties. | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
| Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA. | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Afibrinogenemia, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Afibrinogenemia A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Wasting Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Maggot Infestations [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Yersinia [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Distorted Hearing [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 6.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Translocation [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Reflux Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Reoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Asialia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carditis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Gasser Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available] | 0 | 6.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 6.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning, Mercury [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Group A Strep Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangioma [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Bile Duct A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscle Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Embolism, Fat Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxemia A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
| Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Addison's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Addison's Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Androgenization [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperkyphosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cramp [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |