tamoxifen

Research Excerpts

Overview

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a widely used drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of breast cancer. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-dependent breast cancers and off-target indications such as infections. The immune activity of TAM and its active metabolite, 4-OH tamox ifen (4HT), is poorly characterized.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in oncology and reproductive endocrinology. "	( Genomic action of permanently charged tamoxifen derivatives via estrogen receptor-alpha. Bravo-Gómez, ME; Camacho, J; Cooney, AJ; García-Becerra, R; Hernández-Gallegos, E; Larrea, F; Morales-Ríos, MS; Ordaz-Rosado, D; Pérez-Alvarez, V; Rivera-Guevara, C, 2010)	2.07
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a widely used drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of breast cancer. "	( Design and synthesis of novel tamoxifen analogues that avoid CYP2D6 metabolism. Abadi, AH; Ahmed, NS; Elghazawy, NH; ElHady, AK; Engel, M; Hartmann, RW, 2016)	2.17
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-dependent breast cancers and off-target indications such as infections, although the immune activity of TAM and its active metabolite, 4-OH tamoxifen (4HT), is poorly characterized."	( ERα-independent NRF2-mediated immunoregulatory activity of tamoxifen. Battaglia, G; Brunialti, E; Ciana, P; Locati, M; Maggi, A; Mornata, F; Pepe, G; Pinna, C; Rizzello, L; Rovati, G; Sfogliarini, C; Vegeto, E, 2021)	1.59
"Tamoxifen is a commonly used drug in the treatment of ER + ve breast cancers since 1970. "	( p21 activated kinase-1 and tamoxifen - A deadly nexus impacting breast cancer outcomes. Inemai, E; Murugan, S; Rajendran, S; Rayala, SK; Roy, J; Swaroop, SS; Venkatraman, G, 2022)	2.46
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with potential clinical benefits for all stages of breast cancer. "	( Flexible Etherified and Esterified Triphenylethylene Derivatives and Their Evaluation on ER-positive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Abadi, AH; Ahmed, NS; Hassan, AS; Vollmer, G; Wober, J, 2022)	2.16
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator; in the breast, it decreases the growth and proliferation of breast epithelial cells. "	( Association Of Weight Change In Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Tamoxifen Treatment At A Tertiary Care Centre, Sindh, Pakistan. Abbas, K; Ahmed, M; Haider, G; Mehar, K; Nouman, M; Pavan, B; Rahool, R; Shahid, A; Shaikh, MR; Zahoor, S, )	1.81
"Tamoxifen is an effective breast cancer therapy in postmenopausal women. "	( Alteration in glucose metabolism in the brain associated with tamoxifen treatment: Study in postmenopausal animal model. Bellozi, PMQ; Itinose, AM; Koerich, S; Marek, CB; Sandrini, F; Schneider, SCS; Silva, FC, 2022)	2.4
"Tamoxifen is a frequently used anticancer drug that acts by selective modulation of the estrogen receptor in patients with breast cancer."	( Acute pancreatitis secondary to tamoxifen-associated hypertriglyceridemia: A clinical update. Abbasi, EUH; Amin, MK; Ashraf, MJ; Goraya, MHN; Hussain, N; Inayat, F; Malik, A; Nawaz, G; Qayyum, M; Zaman, MA, 2023)	1.92
"Tamoxifen is a first-line endocrine agent and is often used to treat estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. "	( DLGAP1-AS2 promotes estrogen receptor signalling and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Fang, Z; Liang, X; Shao, N; Shi, Y; Yu, L; Zhai, D; Zhang, M; Zhao, Y, 2022)	2.41
"Tamoxifen is a widely used estrogen receptor inhibitor, whose clinical success is limited by the development of acquired resistance. "	( Lactate is a potential promoter of tamoxifen resistance in MCF7 cells. Di Stefano, G; Farabegoli, F; Govoni, M; Rossi, V, 2022)	2.44
"Tamoxifen is a commonly prescribed drug in both early and metastatic breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen use and potential effects on liver parenchyma: A long-term prospective transient elastographic evaluation. Braal, CL; de Knegt, RJ; Eechoute, K; Jager, A; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ, 2022)	3.61
"Tamoxifen is a widely used drug for breast cancer therapy; however, concerns and controversies regarding its efficiency arise as it induces various side effects, including endometrial cancer. "	( Molecular Docking and in silico Pharmacological Screening of Oleosin from Cocos Nucifera Complexed with Tamoxifen in Developing Potential Breast Chemotherapeutic Leads. Dela Cruz, JMD; Dones, SAA; Labrador, AM; Santiago-Bautista, MR; Villanueva, RC, 2022)	2.38
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator that is used to treat ER-positive breast cancer, but that at high doses kills both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells. "	( Bacterial diet modulates tamoxifen-induced death via host fatty acid metabolism. Diot, C; Doyle, H; García-González, AP; Honeywell, M; Lee, M; Na, H; Olsen, CP; Ponomarova, O; Rivera, Y; Vieira, AF; Walhout, AJM; Walker, M; Zhang, H, 2022)	2.47
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a frequently-used treatment for breast cancer (BC). "	( Knockdown circTRIM28 enhances tamoxifen sensitivity via the miR-409-3p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer. Li, Y; Liu, W; Lu, N; Yang, S; Yang, X; Zhang, G; Zou, C, 2022)	2.45
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and was recently reported to have antifibrotic actions."	( Tamoxifen Alters TGF-β1/Smad Signaling in Vocal Fold Injury. Branski, RC; Hashimoto, K; Hirano, S; Kaneko, M; Kinoshita, S; Matsushita, H; Mukudai, S; Ozawa, S; Sugiyama, Y, 2023)	3.07
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen for breast cancer therapy known for adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."	( Impact of organic anion transporting polypeptide, P-glycoprotein, and breast cancer resistance protein transporters on observed tamoxifen and endoxifen concentration and adverse effects. Keller, DN; Kim, RB; Medwid, SJ; Ross, CD; Wigle, TJ, 2023)	1.84
"Tamoxifen is a first-line therapeutic drug for oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer; however, like other therapeutics, its clinical use is limited by acquired resistance. "	( GPER-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α contributes to upregulated aerobic glycolysis in tamoxifen-resistant cells. Chen, Y; Fan, S; Liu, X; Peng, X; Qi, Q; Ren, S; Shen, X; Song, Y; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2023)	2.58
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen retinopathy. Bazvand, F; Mahdizad, Z; Mirghorbani, M; Modjtahedi, BS; Mohammadi, N; Riazi-Esfahani, H; Shahi, F, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen is a drug used for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, primarily metabolised by the CYP2D6 enzyme into active metabolites such as endoxifen. "	( Early increase in tamoxifen dose in CYP2D6 poor metaboliser breast cancer patients and survival: A propensity score matching analysis. Blancas, I; Garrido, JM; Herrero-Vicent, C; Linares-Rodríguez, M; Martínez de Dueñas, E; Molero-Mir, MD; Rodríguez-Serrano, F, 2023)	2.69
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an accredited drug used for treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Maternal tamoxifen exposure leads to abnormal primordial follicle assembly. Shen, W; Shi, D; Sun, X; Sun, Y; Wang, R; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2023)	2.77
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that was previously suggested as a protective agent against chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure."	( Tamoxifen decreases ovarian toxicity without compromising cancer treatment in a rat model of mammary cancer. Ciereszko, RE; Kurowicka, B; Molcan, T; Myszczynski, K; Nynca, A; Orlowska, K; Otrocka-Domagala, I; Paździor-Czapula, K; Petroff, BK; Ruszkowska, M; Sadowska, A; Swigonska, S, 2023)	3.07
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used mainly for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen retinopathy: A comprehensive review. Chen, MY; Oboh-Weilke, A; Tenney, S; Wagner, D, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen is an established treatment for breast cancer, but its long-term effects on survival and on secondary cancers are not fully evaluated."	( Breast cancer survival and incidence of second primary cancers after 30 years in a randomized study of two versus five years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Bengtsson, NO; Fohlin, H; Fornander, T; Hatschek, T; Lindman, H; Malmström, P; Nordenskjöld, A; Nordenskjöld, B; Rosell, J; Rydén, L; Stål, O; Wallgren, A, 2023)	2.56
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that inhibits the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including growth and angiogenic factors secreted by tumor cells."	( Tamoxifen as a modulator of CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 chemokine axis: A breast cancer and glioblastoma view. de Araújo, LP; Gonçalves, TL; Pereira Ferrer, V, 2023)	3.07
"Tamoxifen is a drug used for treating breast cancer (BC), especially for individuals diagnosed with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC. "	( Candidate Oligo Therapeutic Target, miR-330-3p, Induces Tamoxifen Resistance in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells via HDAC4. Fu, Z; Gao, S; Jiang, Z; Ma, J; Wang, M; Zhang, M, 2023)	2.6
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an effective anticancer drug for breast and ovarian cancer. "	( Tamoxifen induced cardiac damage via the IL-6/p-STAT3/PGC-1α pathway. Chen, J; Li, Y; Liu, A; Meng, T; Song, C; Su, G; Tian, P; Zhang, D; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely utilized to treat breast cancer. "	( Pioglitazone attenuates tamoxifen-induced liver damage in rats via modulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and SIRT1/Notch1 signaling pathways: In-vivo investigations, and molecular docking analysis. Elariny, HA; Kamel, GAM, 2023)	2.66
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a drug commonly used in patients with breast cancer. "	( Molecular Action of Tamoxifen in the Ovaries of Rats with Mammary Neoplasia. Ciereszko, RE; Molcan, T; Nynca, A; Petroff, BK; Swigonska, S, 2023)	2.68
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator widely used in breast cancer treatment, with good survival rates. "	( Retained products of conception in hysteroscopy in a patient with breast cancer on tamoxifen. Chua, M; Qadir, D; Sulaiman, S, 2019)	2.18
"Tamoxifen is a clinical drug for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity via lipid accumulation and inflammation in zebrafish. Cai, Y; Huo, J; Jiang, Z; Liu, K; Xiang, T; Yu, Q; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Tamoxifen is a mixed agonist/antagonist estrogen analogue that is frequently used to induce conditional gene deletion in mice using Cre-loxP mediated gene recombination. "	( Tamoxifen suppresses pancreatic β-cell proliferation in mice. Ahn, SH; Cox, AR; Granger, A; Kushner, JA; Lam, CJ; Rankin, MM, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen is an effective drug for patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, but the development of resistance is common."	( SIRT4 enhances the sensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer to tamoxifen by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway. Fu, L; Gai, J; Guan, J; Li, J; Li, Q; Xing, J, 2019)	1.47
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor regulator, and shows antioxidant actions and regulatory roles in the calcium homeostasis besides its antitumor activity."	( Tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (TAMDMD): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial. Bieri, O; Fischer, D; Hafner, P; Nagy, S; Rubino-Nacht, D; Schädelin, S; Schmidt, S, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen is an oestrogen receptor modulator that is widely used for the treatment of early stage breast cancer and reduction of recurrences. "	( Tamoxifen activity against Plasmodium in vitro and in mice. Fisher, E; Gallego-Delgado, J; Gomes, C; Gonzalez, S; Nikain, C; Rodriguez, A; Sherman, J; Weinstock, A, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) has a significant role in the formation of a therapeutically more potent metabolite (4-hydroxytamoxifen) than tamoxifen. "	( Cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphism: Effect of amino acid substitutions on protein flexibility in the presence of tamoxifen. Lynn, AM; Manish, M; Mishra, S, 2020)	2.21
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM). "	( Stimulation of Leydig and Sertoli Cellular Secretory Function by Anti-Oestrogens: Tamoxifen. Dimakopoulou, A; Foran, D; Jayasena, CN; Minhas, S, )	1.8
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hydrophobic anticancer agent and a selective estrogen modulator (SERM), approved by the FDA for hormone therapy of BC."	( Novel Tamoxifen Nanoformulations for Improving Breast Cancer Treatment: Old Wine in New Bottles. Day, CM; Garg, S; Hickey, SM; Plush, SE; Song, Y, 2020)	1.76
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen modulator widely used in the treatment of patients with ESR/ER-positive breast cancer; however, resistance limits its clinical application. "	( GLUT1 participates in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through autophagy regulation. Duan, Y; Ji, H; Ma, Y; Sun, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhao, S, 2021)	2.38
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major roadblock in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. "	( Acquired tamoxifen resistance is surmounted by GW8510 through ribonucleotide reductase M2 downregulation-mediated autophagy induction. Chen, CG; Li, J; Li, MY; Li, XQ; Li, ZN; Shu, Y; Wang, S; Zhao, XH, 2020)	2.42
"Tamoxifen is a widely used hormonal based therapy for breast cancer in the adjuvant and metastatic setting, prolonging overall and recurrence-free survival. "	( Does tamoxifen have a therapeutic role outside of breast cancer? A systematic review of the evidence. Blower, E; Bowden, D; Clifford, RE; Kirwan, CC; Vimalachandran, D, 2020)	2.51
"Tamoxifen is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, independent of its effect on estrogen receptors."	( COVID-19 infection can cause chemotherapy resistance development in patients with breast cancer and tamoxifen may cause susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Cumhur Cure, M; Cure, E; Kadiyoran, C; Vatansev, H, 2020)	1.5
"Tamoxifen is a potent inducer of ovarian function and consequent hyperestrogenism in premenopausal women."	( Risk Factors for Tamoxifen-Induced Ovarian Hyperstimulation in Breast Cancer Patients. Kim, MK; Shin, HC, 2020)	1.62
"Tamoxifen citrate is a very prevalent drug marketed under several trade names like Apo-Tamox, Nolvadex, Tamec, Tamizam, and Tamoplex. "	( Antimicrobial, Antitumor and Side Effects Assessment of a Newly Synthesized Tamoxifen Analog. Abdmouleh, F; Ali, MB; Amara, IB; El Arbi, M; Gupta, GK; Hammami, R; Hassen, HB; Jaouen, G; Jellali, K; Ketata, E; Pigeon, P; Saad, HB; Top, S, 2020)	2.23
"Tamoxifen exposure is a recognised risk for primary endometrial cancer. "	( Recurrence of endometrial cancer in a hysterectomised patient treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer: a case report. Davis, M; Rahimi, S; Woolas, J, 2020)	2.23
"Tamoxifen is an antagonist of estrogen receptor (ERα), a transcription factor expressed in over 50% of breast cancers."	( Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase activates tumor-suppressor gene expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Barkovskaya, A; Itkonen, HM; Mills, IG; Moestue, SA; Prasmickaite, L; Seip, K, 2020)	1.51
"Tamoxifen is an antineoplastic agent, working as an estrogen receptor antagonist, also called a selective estrogen receptor modulator."	( First report of tamoxifen-induced baboon syndrome. Ghasemi, M; Ghobadiaski, S; Hashemi, N; Jahani Amiri, K; Jallab, N; Kränke, B; Mofarrah, R; Rahmani, M; Rahmani, N, 2021)	1.69
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic, nonsteroidal antiestrogen widely used in the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer that has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC). "	( Switch to Hypomania After Discontinuation of Tamoxifen: A Case Report. Avari, JN; Kotbi, N; Mora, HA, 2021)	2.32
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for breast cancer patients. "	( CSNK1G2 differently sensitizes tamoxifen-induced decrease in PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K and ERK signaling according to the estrogen receptor existence in breast cancer cells. Hoe, KL; Lee, SJ; Nguyen Hoang, AT, 2021)	2.35
"Tamoxifen (TAMO) is a chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Cyanocobalamin and/or calcitriol mitigate renal damage-mediated by tamoxifen in rats: Implication of caspase-3/NF-κB signaling pathways. Alharbi, FMB; AlHarthii, A; Alhusaini, AM; Alshanwani, AR; Arafah, MM; Badr, AM; Faddah, LM; Hagar, H; Mohamed, AM; Shaheen, S, 2021)	2.3
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is a common endocrine therapy treatment for breast cancer."	( Effects of tamoxifen on cognition and language in women with breast cancer: A systematic search and a scoping review. Bloss, JE; Jebahi, F; Sharma, S; Wright, HH, 2021)	1.73
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to activate the CREERT2 recombinase, allowing tissue-specific and temporal control of the somatic mutagenesis to generate transgenic mice. "	( Tamoxifen Treatment in the Neonatal Period Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Mice in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Bron, C; Duboeuf, F; Estrada-Meza, J; Gautier-Stein, A; Mithieux, G; Peyruchaud, O; Rajas, F; Saint-Béat, C; Silva, M; Videlo, J, 2021)	3.51
"Tamoxifen gavage is a commonly used method to induce genetic modifications in cre-loxP systems. "	( Double-edged effects of tamoxifen-in-oil-gavage on an infectious murine model for multiple sclerosis. Allnoch, L; Baumgärtner, W; Flügel, A; Hansmann, F; Herder, V; Hülskötter, K; Jin, W; Lühder, F; Rohn, K; Schmidtke, D, 2021)	2.37
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used for treatment and prevention of estrogenic receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Prescribing Tamoxifen in Patients With Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of Potential Antimanic Versus Depressive Effects. Carmassi, C; Cordone, A; Dell'Osso, L; Dell'Oste, V; Pardini, F; Pedrinelli, V; Simoncini, M, )	1.95
"Tamoxifen is a pro-drug some of whose metabolites interact with the nuclear estrogen receptor, leading to anti-fibrotic and muscle-protective effects as has been demonstrated in a murine model of DMD."	( Safety and clinical outcome of tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Avrahami, R; Ben-Sasson, S; Dor, T; Eliav, O; Lavi, E; Simchovitz, E; Tsabari, R, 2021)	1.63
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a life-saving and cost-effective drug widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. "	( Vitamin D modulates hepatic microRNAs and mitigates tamoxifen-induced steatohepatitis in female rats. Abd El-Haleim, EA; Sallam, NA, 2022)	2.41
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand with widespread use in clinical and basic research settings. "	( Developmental malformations resulting from high-dose maternal tamoxifen exposure in the mouse. Lipinski, RJ; Martin, AA; Steward, AC; Sun, MR; Sweet, EA, 2021)	2.3
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist that is most commonly used for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. "	( Network-based approach to identify prognosis-related genes in tamoxifen-treated patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Gong, X; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2021)	2.3
"Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist within the breast tissue. "	( High Incidence of Carcinosarcoma among Patients Previously Treated with Tamoxifen. Arnon, E; Auslender, R; Gemer, O; Goldberg, Y; Kaldawy, A; Lavie, O; Segev, Y; Siegler, E, 2017)	2.13
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen modulator that acts to competitively inhibit the binding of endogenous estrogens. "	( Mechanism of Off-Target Interactions and Toxicity of Tamoxifen and Its Metabolites. Alisaraie, L; Flynn, M; Heale, KA, 2017)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( The Effects of Tamoxifen on Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Banach, M; Gurban, C; Jones, SR; Kostner, K; Kotani, K; Lippi, G; Penson, P; Rizzo, M; Rysz, J; Sahebkar, A; Serban, MC; Toth, PP; Ursoniu, S, 2017)	2.25
"Tamoxifen (Tam) is an effective drug that competitively binds to the ER and is routinely used for the treatment of ER-positive BC."	( Improving the efficacy of hormone therapy in breast cancer: The role of cholesterol metabolism in SERM-mediated autophagy, cell differentiation and death. Dalenc, F; Leignadier, J; Poirot, M; Silvente-Poirot, S, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical challenge in breast cancer treatment. "	( GPER promotes tamoxifen-resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells by reduced Bim proteins through MAPK/Erk-TRIM2 signaling axis. Li, Q; Liu, M; Tu, G; Wen, S; Yang, G; Yin, H; Yuan, J; Zhu, Q, 2017)	2.26
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, widely used in the treatment and prevention of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on neuronal morphology, connectivity and biochemistry of hypothalamic ventromedial neurons: Impact on the modulators of sexual behavior. Fonseca, BM; Sá, SI; Teixeira, N, 2018)	2.31
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that elicits potent anti-breast cancer effects."	( Skeletal and Uterotrophic Effects of Endoxifen in Female Rats. Gingery, A; Goetz, MP; Hawse, JR; Ingle, JN; Iwaniec, UT; Marler, RJ; McGovern, RM; Pitel, KS; Reid, JM; Subramaniam, M; Turner, RT, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, possessing agonist or antagonistic activity in different tissues."	( Agonistic activity of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM), on arthritic ovariectomized mice. Araujo, JMD; Camargo, EA; Felix, FB; Grespan, R; Silva, LAS; Souza, EV, 2017)	1.49
"Tamoxifen retinopathy is a condition rarely observed in clinical practice. "	( TAMOXIFEN RETINOPATHY DURING TREATMENT OF AN INOPERABLE DESMOID TUMOR. Araujo, D; Furst, M; Harper, CA; Somogyi, MB; Wong, RW, 2020)	3.44
"Tamoxifen (TX) is a non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator with effects on cell growth and survival."	( Tamoxifen induces apoptotic neutrophil efferocytosis in horses. Folch, H; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Moran, G; Olave, C; Ortloff, A; Sarmiento, J; Uberti, B, 2018)	2.64
"Tamoxifen is a standard anti-hormone treatment in estrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma patients. "	( Altered DNA methyltransferases promoter methylation and mRNA expression are associated with tamoxifen response in breast tumors. Emami Razavi, A; Jahangiri, R; Jamialahmadi, K; Mosaffa, F; Teimoori-Toolabi, L, 2018)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is a first-line drug for hormone therapy (HT) in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. "	( Elevated CRB3 expression suppresses breast cancer stemness by inhibiting β-catenin signalling to restore tamoxifen sensitivity. Cao, F; Chen, H; Feng, C; Jiang, Y; Li, P; Liu, J; Liu, P, 2018)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug, and most of the therapeutic effect in treating breast cancer stems from its metabolite, endoxifen. "	( The Underrated Risks of Tamoxifen Drug Interactions. Hansten, PD, 2018)	2.23
"Tamoxifen is a frontline therapy for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in premenopausal women. "	( C-Cbl reverses HER2-mediated tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer cells. Che, X; Hou, K; Li, H; Li, W; Liu, Y; Qu, X; Shi, S; Song, N; Teng, Y; Wen, T; Xin, X; Xu, L; Yang, Y; Zeng, X; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, 2018)	2.21
"Tamoxifen is a first targeted drug that continues to be the gold standard in treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer for almost 50 years. "	( Tamoxifen Never Ceases to Amaze: New Findings on Non-Estrogen Receptor Molecular Targets and Mediated Effects. Bogush, EA; Bogush, TA; Mamichev, IA; Polezhaev, BB; Polotsky, BE; Ryabov, AB; Tjulandin, SA, 2018)	3.37
"Tamoxifen is a widely used personalized medicine for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but approximately 30% of patients receiving the treatment relapse due to tamoxifen resistance (TamR). "	( Downregulation of LINC00894-002 Contributes to Tamoxifen Resistance by Enhancing the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Sun, H; Wang, M; Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhu, T, 2018)	2.18
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen- receptor modulator commonly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events, including cere- bral venous thrombosis. "	( Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis Related to the Use of Tamoxifen: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Phuong, L; Shimanovsky, A, 2016)	2.12
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an endocrine therapy commonly used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer expressing estrogen receptor α."	( MicroRNA‑663b mediates TAM resistance in breast cancer by modulating TP73 expression. Cheng, L; Hu, P; Jiang, H; Liu, R, 2018)	1.2
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug and requires bioactivation by CYP2D6."	( CYP2D6 genotype and endoxifen plasma concentration do not predict hot flash severity during tamoxifen therapy. Jansen, LE; Kim, RB; Lizotte, DJ; Rose, RV; Teft, WA, 2018)	1.42
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist used as first-line chemotherapy in breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits the proliferation of non‑melanoma skin cancer cells by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Akatsuka, K; Hasegawa, G; Higo, N; Nakashima, Y; Shimonaka, M; Yokoe, Y, 2018)	3.37
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is an antiestrogen drug that is used in the treatment and prevention of all stages of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. "	( Osthole prevents tamoxifen-induced liver injury in mice. Cai, Y; Li, H; Sun, W; Zhang, XX; Zhou, WB, 2019)	2.3
"Tamoxifen (TX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator with immunomodulatory effects and induces early apoptosis of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils from horses with acute lung inflammation."	( Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and inhibits respiratory burst in equine neutrophils independently of estrogen receptors. Alvarez, P; Folch, H; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Moran, G; Olave, C; Sarmiento, J; Uberti, B, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug that is widely used in the adjuvant chemotherapy of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. "	( Predicting the Effects of Different Triazole Antifungal Agents on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. Chen, L; Li, M; Li, N; Qi, F; Wang, N; Zhu, L, 2019)	2.18
"Tamoxifen is an oral medication that has been proposed as a potential treatment for bipolar disorder. "	( Tamoxifen for bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Palacios, J; Taylor, MJ; Yildiz, A; Young, AH, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen appears to be a promising potential treatment for episodes of mania. "	( Tamoxifen for bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Palacios, J; Taylor, MJ; Yildiz, A; Young, AH, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a frequently used hormonal prodrug for patients with breast cancer that needs to be activated by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into Zusammen-endoxifen (Z-END)."	( Association of CYP2D6*10 (c. 100 C>T) Genotype with Z-END Concentration in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy in Indonesian Population. Andalusia, R; Hidayat, A; Louisa, M; Panigoro, SS; Purwanto, DJ; Setiabudy, R, 2019)	2.17
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen in the breast used for treatment and prevention of breast cancer, with estrogen agonist activity in the uterus."	( Beyond estrogen: advances in tissue selective estrogen complexes and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Conner, EA; Pinkerton, JV, 2019)	1.24
"Tamoxifen is an important targeted endocrine therapy in breast cancer. "	( Drug monitoring of tamoxifen metabolites predicts vaginal dryness and verifies a low discontinuation rate from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Aas, T; Bifulco, E; Gjerde, J; Gripsrud, BH; Hagen, KB; Haugstøyl, ME; Helland, T; Hustad, S; Janssen, EAM; Jonassen, J; Jonsdottir, K; Kvaløy, JT; Lende, TH; Lien, EA; Lind, RA; Lode, K; Lunde, S; Mellgren, G; Søiland, H, 2019)	2.29
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a first generation-SERM administered for hormone receptor-positive (HER+) breast cancer in both pre- and post-menopausal patients and may undergo metabolic activation in organisms that share similar receptors and thus face comparable mechanisms of response. "	( Impacts of in vivo and in vitro exposures to tamoxifen: Comparative effects on human cells and marine organisms. Abessa, DMS; Bebianno, MJ; Carriço, T; Fernandes, E; Fonseca, TG; Tavares, A, 2019)	2.22
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogenic agent and can enter the aquatic environment in wastewater. "	( Tamoxifen affects the histology and hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Feng, Q; Francis, DS; Liu, M; Turchini, GM; Wu, X; Zeng, C, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Autoantibodies Specific to ERα are Involved in Tamoxifen Resistance in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Barba, M; Carè, A; Cirulli, F; Gabriele, L; Iessi, E; Macchia, D; Maselli, A; Matarrese, P; Ortona, E; Pagano, MT; Parlato, S; Pierdominici, M; Pizzuti, L; Pontecorvi, G; Puglisi, R; Raggi, C; Spada, M; Vici, P, 2019)	2.21
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used widely for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-induced vasculitis. Kulkarni, U; Nayak, V; Prabhu, MM; Rao, R, 2020)	3.44
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. "	( Branch retinal vein occlusion associated with tamoxifen use. Karatas, A; Kaya, E; Kaya, M; Kilic, AC; Kose, SA; Onder, Hİ; Tunc, M, 2013)	2.09
"Tamoxifen (Tam) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that remains one of the major drugs used in the hormonotherapy of breast cancer (BC). "	( 5,6-Epoxy-cholesterols contribute to the anticancer pharmacology of tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Dalenc, F; de Medina, P; Iuliano, L; Jordan, VC; Noguer, E; Paillasse, MR; Payré, B; Poirot, M; Record, M; Segala, G; Silvente-Poirot, S; Zerbinati, C, 2013)	2.07
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogenic drug with cysticidal action on Taenia crassiceps, a close relative of T."	( Tamoxifen treatment in hamsters induces protection during taeniosis by Taenia solium. Escobedo, G; López-Griego, L; Morales-Montor, J; Olivos, A; Palacios-Arreola, MI, 2013)	2.55
"Tamoxifen is a widely utilized adjuvant anti-estrogen agent for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, known to undergo CYP2D6-mediated bioactivation to endoxifen. "	( CYP3A4 and seasonal variation in vitamin D status in addition to CYP2D6 contribute to therapeutic endoxifen level during tamoxifen therapy. Brackstone, M; Choi, YH; Dingle, B; Gong, IY; Kim, RB; Legan, RM; Perera, FE; Potvin, K; Teft, WA; Tirona, RG; Vandenberg, TA; Younus, J; Zou, G, 2013)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a potent antioxidant that also modulates some ionic transport pathways."	( Electrophysiological effects of tamoxifen: mechanism of protection against reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Carrión, AM; Diez, ER; Miatello, RM; Petrich, ER; Ponce Zumino, AZ; Prado, NJ, 2013)	1.39
"Tamoxifen is a widely prescribed adjuvant anti-estrogen agent for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Determination of clinically therapeutic endoxifen concentrations based on efficacy from human MCF7 breast cancer xenografts. Alicke, B; Chen, YH; Choo, EF; Gong, IY; Kim, RB; Ly, J; Teft, WA, 2013)	1.83
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of breast cancer; however many women complain of weight gain during TAM treatment. "	( Effect of chronic administration of tamoxifen and/or estradiol on feeding behavior, palatable food and metabolic parameters in ovariectomized rats. Arcego, DM; da Costa Lima, IF; Dalmaz, C; Diehl, LA; Krolow, R; Lampert, C; Laureano, DP; Pettenuzzo, LF; Vendite, D, 2013)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator extensively used on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treatment. "	( Unique SERM-like properties of the novel fluorescent tamoxifen derivative FLTX1. Boto, A; Cury, D; Díaz, M; Fernández-Pérez, L; García Marrero, B; Gómez, T; Lahoz, F; Marín, R; Marrero-Alonso, J; Morales, A, 2013)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is a largely inactive pro-drug, requiring metabolism into its most important metabolite endoxifen. "	( Unjustified prescribing of CYP2D6 inhibiting SSRIs in women treated with tamoxifen. Bannink, M; Binkhorst, L; Jager, A; Mathijssen, RH; van Gelder, T; van Herk-Sukel, MP; Wiemer, EA, 2013)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic, non-steroidal, anti-estrogen agent that is widely used for treating all stages of breast cancer and has been approved for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women."	( Apoptotic effects of tamoxifen on leukocytes from horse peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Folch, H; Galecio, JS; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Morán, G; Perez, B; Sarmiento, J; Vidal, L, 2013)	1.43
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used as an estrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen improves cholinergically modulated cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. Albert, K; Astur, R; Dumas, J; Johnson, J; Naylor, M; Newhouse, P, 2013)	3.28
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen molecule with anti-neoplastic effects whose role is under investigation."	( Continuous tamoxifen and dose-dense temozolomide in recurrent glioblastoma. Caroli, M; Carrabba, G; DI Cristofori, A; Lanfranchi, G; Menghetti, C; Rampini, P, 2013)	1.5
"Tamoxifen is an effective alternative."	( Endocrine therapy for advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Schiavon, G; Smith, IE, 2013)	1.11
"Tamoxifen is a pro-drug widely used in breast cancer patients to prevent tumor recurrence. "	( Relationship between genotypes Sult1a2 and Cyp2d6 and tamoxifen metabolism in breast cancer patients. Bandrés, F; Chicharro, LM; Fernández-Santander, A; Gaibar, M; Novillo, A; Romero-Lorca, A; Rubio, M; Tejerina, A, 2013)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is an anticancer agent widely used for treatment of estrogen receptor (ERα)-positive breast cancer. "	( Ridaifen-SB8, a novel tamoxifen derivative, induces apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathway. Dan, S; Guo, WZ; Ohashi, Y; Shiina, I; Uetake, S; Umeda, E; Wang, Y; Watanabe, C; Yamori, T, 2013)	2.15
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that can mimic the neuroprotective effects of estrogen but lacks its systemic adverse effects. "	( The cancer drug tamoxifen: a potential therapeutic treatment for spinal cord injury. Guptarak, J; Nesic, O; Paulucci-Holthauzen, AA; Sadygov, RG; Vergara, L; Wiktorowicz, JE; Zivadinovic, D, 2014)	2.19
"Tamoxifen is a substrate for ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins."	( Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Cronin-Fenton, DP; Damkier, P; Lash, TL, 2014)	1.42
"Tamoxifen is a well-known anti-breast cancer drug; however, its molecular function is poorly understood."	( Premature senescence in human breast cancer and colon cancer cells by tamoxifen-mediated reactive oxygen species generation. Bae, YS; Kang, BS; Lee, YH, 2014)	1.36
"Tamoxifen is a key therapeutic option for breast cancer treatment. "	( Extraction of tamoxifen and its metabolites from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: an innovative quantitation method using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Kangarloo, SB; Konno, M; Magliocco, AM; Ng, ES; Paterson, A, 2014)	2.21
"Tamoxifen is a mainly inactive prodrug, necessitating metabolism by the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) pathway, predominantly the Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), into the active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen and, in particular, endoxifen to achieve its therapeutic effect."	( Successful use of agomelatine in the treatment of major depression in a woman taking tamoxifen: a case report. Brucchi, M; De Berardis, D; Di Giannantonio, M; Fornaro, M; Martinotti, G; Mazza, M; Serroni, N; Valchera, A, )	1.08
"Tamoxifen is a triphenylethylene nonsteroidal estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist used worldwide as an adjuvant hormone therapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity through down-regulating AKT-mediated thymidine phosphorylase expression in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Chen, CY; Chiu, HC; Huang, YJ; Jian, YJ; Jian, YT; Ko, JC; Lin, YW; Syu, JJ; Wo, TY, 2014)	3.29
"Tamoxifen seems to be a key strategy in prevention, but caution should be used in interpreting our results."	( Can EPS development be avoided with early interventions? The potential role of tamoxifen--a single-center study. Alvarez, L; Bajo, MA; Bellon, T; De Sousa-Amorim, E; Del Peso, G; Gil, F; Ossorio, M; Selgas, R, )	1.08
"Tamoxifen is an unlikely pioneering medicine in medical oncology. "	( Tamoxifen as the first targeted long-term adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 2014)	3.29
"Tamoxifen is a partial agonist at GPER in vitro."	( Lack of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the plasma membrane is associated with excellent long-term prognosis in breast cancer. Fernö, M; Fornander, T; Grabau, D; Hartman, L; Leeb-Lundberg, LM; Malmström, P; Nordenskjöld, B; Sgroi, DC; Sjöström, M; Skoog, L; Stål, O, 2014)	1.12
"Tamoxifen is an endocrine therapy which is administered to up to 70% of all breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression. "	( MicroRNA-519a is a novel oncomir conferring tamoxifen resistance by targeting a network of tumour-suppressor genes in ER+ breast cancer. Balwierz, A; König, R; Sahin, O; Shukla, K; Soons, Z; Ward, A; Wiemann, S, 2014)	2.11
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) α -positive breast cancer patients. "	( Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling in human breast cancer cells operates parallel to estrogen receptor α signalling and results in tamoxifen insensitive proliferation. Meerman, JH; Moerkens, M; van de Water, B; Wester, L; Zhang, Y, 2014)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a PKC inhibitor."	( Beneficial role of tamoxifen in experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy. Desai, VJ; Patel, BM, 2014)	1.45
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug, requiring cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated metabolism to form the active metabolite endoxifen. "	( Profound reduction in the tamoxifen active metabolite endoxifen in a patient on phenytoin for epilepsy compared with a CYP2D6 genotype matched cohort. Gryn, SE; Kim, RB; Teft, WA, 2014)	2.15
"Tamoxifen (Tam) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to inhibit breast tumor growth. "	( A potential role for human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen and its derivatives. Bratton, SM; Dates, CR; Dhakal, IB; Edavana, VK; Finel, M; Greer, AK; Kadlubar, SA; Radominska-Pandya, A; Starlard-Davenport, A, 2014)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a selective antagonist of estrogen receptors."	( Antiarrhythmic effect of tamoxifen on the vulnerability induced by hyperthyroidism to heart ischemia/reperfusion damage. Buelna-Chontal, M; Chávez, E; Hernández-Esquivel, L; Pavón, N, 2014)	1.43
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical challenge in breast cancer treatment. "	( Tamoxifen through GPER upregulates aromatase expression: a novel mechanism sustaining tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Andò, S; Barone, I; Bonofiglio, D; Catalano, S; Chemi, F; Fuqua, SA; Giordano, C; Lanzino, M; Maggiolini, M; Panza, S; Rizza, P; Romeo, F, 2014)	3.29
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anti-estrogen used in the treatment and prevention of hormone-dependent breast cancer."	( Protective role of thymoquinone against liver damage induced by tamoxifen in female rats. Suddek, GM, 2014)	1.36
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug that is metabolically activated by 4-hydroxylation to the potent primary metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) or via another primary metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDMTAM) to a biologically active secondary metabolite endoxifen through a cytochrome P450 2D6 variant system (CYP2D6). "	( Simulation with cells in vitro of tamoxifen treatment in premenopausal breast cancer patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes. Bhatta, P; Fernandes, DJ; Flockhart, DA; Jordan, VC; Korostyshevskiy, VR; Maximov, PY; McDaniel, RE; Mürdter, TE, 2014)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is an alternative in the medical treatment of RPF, especially if patients want to avoid glucocorticoids. "	( Tamoxifen monotherapy in the treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis. Brandt, AS; Haage, P; Kamper, L; Kukuk, S; Roth, S, 2014)	3.29
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogenic drug widely used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women; however, there is evidence that tamoxifen is hepatocarcinogenic in rats, but not in mice. "	( Genotoxic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic effects of tamoxifen in mouse liver. Beland, FA; Churchwell, MI; de Conti, A; Latendresse, JR; Melnyk, S; Muskhelishvili, L; Pogribny, IP; Tryndyak, V, 2014)	2.09
"Tamoxifen citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, which is one of the adjuvant treatment choices for breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen citrate: a glimmer of hope for silicosis. Akbiyik, F; Akin, T; Alici, IO; Bilgin, BC; Karaca, N; Karaca, T; Simsek, GG; Uzdogan, A; Yilmaz, OH; Yoldas, O; Yoldas, S, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen is an effective endocrine treatment for early breast cancer (EBC) but increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. "	( No increased venous thromboembolism risk in Asian breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Chen, HM; Chen, TW; Cheng, AL; Huang, CS; Lai, MS; Lin, CH; Lu, YS, 2014)	2.07
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator."	( Beneficial role of tamoxifen in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Patel, BM; Rayabarapu, N, 2014)	1.45
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that blocks estrogen-stimulated tumor growth."	( Linking estrogen-induced apoptosis with decreases in mortality following long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Jordan, VC, 2014)	1.34
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a standard adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients, but innate or acquired TAM resistance has remained to be a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. "	( Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on prevention and reversion of tamoxifen-resistant phenotype in MCF-7 cells. Arabsolghar, R; Hosseini, A; Jaberipour, M; Namazi, S; Razmkhah, M; Rostami-Yalmeh, J; Sahebi, E, 2015)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is a major treatment modality for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but the occurrence of resistance remains a problem. "	( Synergy of leptin/STAT3 with HER2 receptor induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through regulation of apoptosis-related genes. Dubos, S; Palianopoulou, M; Papanikolaou, V; Papathanasiou, I; Stefanou, N; Tsezou, A; Valiakou, V, 2015)	2.11
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Study of tamoxifen urinary metabolites in rat by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Beneito-Cambra, M; Del Moral-Leal, ML; Domínguez-Romero, JC; García-Reyes, JF; Martinez-Lara, E; Martínez-Romero, R; Molina-Díaz, A, 2015)	2.28
"Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogen agent used in the treatment of breast carcinoma. "	( Crystalline deposits in the macula - tamoxifen maculopathy or macular telangiectasia? Nakhwa, C; Rijal, RK; Sindal, MD, )	1.85
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and used for patients with breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen induces the development of hernia in mice by activating MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression. Chen, Y; Duan, Y; Han, J; Li, X; Liu, M; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Wang, Q; Wei, Y; Xiang, R, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with tissue-specific effects on estrogen signaling used predominantly for treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancers. "	( Challenges and Potential for Ovarian Preservation with SERMs. Petroff, BK; Ting, AY, 2015)	1.86
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug used in treatment of Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. "	( The active tamoxifen metabolite endoxifen (4OHNDtam) strongly down-regulates cytokeratin 6 (CK6) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bozickovic, O; Dankel, S; Drangevåg, A; Fenne, IS; Flågeng, MH; Gjerde, J; Helland, T; Lien, EA; Mellgren, G; Skartveit, L; Søiland, H, 2015)	2.25
"Tamoxifen is a broadly used anti-estrogen for early and advanced ER+ breast cancers in women and the most common hormone treatment for male breast cancer."	( Formulation of Anti-miR-21 and 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Co-loaded Biodegradable Polymer Nanoparticles and Their Antiproliferative Effect on Breast Cancer Cells. Devulapally, R; Paulmurugan, R; Sekar, TV, 2015)	1.41
"Tamoxifen is a commercially available therapeutic agent for breast malignancies."	( The combination of methylsulfonylmethane and tamoxifen inhibits the Jak2/STAT5b pathway and synergistically inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer xenografts. Chang, SH; Cho, BW; Darvin, P; Hwang, TS; Joung, YH; Kang, DY; Kim, DN; Kim, HS; Kim, SY; Kim, WS; Lee, HK; Park, JH; Park, KD; S P, N; Yang, YM; Yoo, YB, 2015)	1.4
"Tamoxifen citrate is an anticancer drug slightly soluble in water. "	( Ex vivo permeation of tamoxifen and its 4-OH metabolite through rat intestine from lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles. Barbieri, S; Bettini, R; Buttini, F; Colombo, G; Colombo, P; Ponchel, G; Rossi, A; Sonvico, F, 2015)	2.17
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator which is widely used to generate inducible conditional transgenic mouse models. "	( Tamoxifen affects glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, causes browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue and transient body composition changes in C57BL/6NTac mice. Berger, C; Blüher, M; Gericke, M; Hesselbarth, N; Klöting, N; Kunath, A; Pettinelli, C; Stumvoll, M, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen is a mainstay in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and is metabolized to more than 30 different compounds. "	( Highly sensitive simultaneous quantification of estrogenic tamoxifen metabolites and steroid hormones by LC-MS/MS. Brauch, H; Eichelbaum, M; Heinkele, G; Johänning, J; Mürdter, TE; Precht, JC; Schroth, W; Schwab, M, 2015)	2.1
"Tamoxifen (Tmx) is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator used in hormone replacement therapy, the effects of which are unknown in fish immunity."	( Tamoxifen persistently disrupts the humoral adaptive immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Abellán, E; Cabas, I; García-Ayala, A; Meseguer, J; Mulero, V; Rodenas, MC, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen is a safe and reliable treatment of breast cancer, but data suggest an association with endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, metaplasia and carcinoma. "	( Endometrial tubal metaplasia in a young puerperal woman after breast cancer. Caserta, D; Di Benedetto, L; Giovanale, V, 2015)	1.86
"Tamoxifen is an endocrine-active pharmaceutical (EAP) that is used world-wide. "	( Approaches for predicting effects of unintended environmental exposure to an endocrine active pharmaceutical, tamoxifen. Gutjahr-Gobell, RE; Henderson, WM; Horowitz, DB; Jayaraman, S; Laws, SC; Mills, LJ; Zaroogian, GE, 2016)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is an anticancer drug known to act on an estrogen receptor (ER) and other proteins."	( Ridaifen G, tamoxifen analog, is a potent anticancer drug working through a combinatorial association with multiple cellular factors. Dan, S; Ikeda, K; Kamisuki, S; Kusayanagi, T; Mizusawa, A; Morohashi, K; Ota, N; Sasaki, T; Shiina, I; Sugawara, F; Takakusagi, Y; Tsukuda, S; Uetake, S; Yamori, T, 2015)	1.52
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical problem for ER-positive breast cancer, but the underlying mechanism is not completely elucidated. "	( Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 is involved in tamoxifen resistance in MCF7 cells. Bai, J; He, J; Liu, P; Ma, G; Pan, Y; Ren, Y; Sun, R; Zhou, C, 2015)	2.1
"Tamoxifen resistance is a multifaceted phenomenon, characterized by the constitutive activation of multiple signaling cascades that provide an additional survival advantage to cells. "	( BI2536--A PLK inhibitor augments paclitaxel efficacy in suppressing tamoxifen induced senescence and resistance in breast cancer cells. Bharti, R; Mandal, M; Parida, S; Prashanth Kumar, BN; Rajput, S, 2015)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been used in the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia."	( The effect of tamoxifen on pubertal bone development in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia. Akgül, S; Derman, O; Kanbur, N, 2016)	1.52
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Memory enhancement by Tamoxifen on amyloidosis mouse model. Banerjee, S; Basu, M; Mishra, N; Pandey, D, 2016)	2.19
"Tamoxifen is a cornerstone component of adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Alleviates Tamoxifen-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia. Bar-Joseph, H; Ben-Aharon, I; Chuderland, D; Goldberg, K; Grossman, H; Hasky, N; Shalgi, R; Stemmer, SM; Uri-Belapolsky, S, 2015)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator widely used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen augments the innate immune function of neutrophils through modulation of intracellular ceramide. Chang, JT; Corriden, R; Derieux, J; Gonzalez, DJ; Hollands, A; Lopez, J; Nizet, V; Olson, J, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen is a widely used anticancer drug with both an estrogen agonist and antagonist effect. "	( Transcriptional and morphological effects of tamoxifen on the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Xia, L; Zheng, L; Zhou, JL, 2016)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that competitively binds the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptors. "	( Colocalization of Estrogen Receptors with the Fluorescent Tamoxifen Derivative, FLTX1, Analyzed by Confocal Microscopy. Boto, A; Díaz, M; Marín, R; Marrero-Alonso, J; Morales, A, 2016)	2.12
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an important cancer therapeutic and an experimental tool for effecting genetic recombination using the inducible Cre-Lox technique. "	( Tamoxifen induces cellular stress in the nervous system by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. Bogdanov, Y; Denk, F; Erskine, EL; McMahon, SB; Nassar, MA; Ramer, LM; Ramer, MS; Signore, M; Wood, JN, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen is an important adjunct therapy in breast cancer treatment; however, it has been implicated in increasing microvascular flap complications. "	( The Effects of Perioperative Tamoxifen Therapy on Microvascular Flap Complications in Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous/Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction. Bokarius, AV; Evans, GR; Gu, J; Kobayashi, MR; Lee, Y; Paydar, KZ; Salibian, AA; Wirth, GA, 2016)	2.17
"Tamoxifen is a widely used in anti-oestrogen treatment of breast cancer. "	( Concurrent tamoxifen-related Müllerian adenofibromas in uterus and ovary. Chen, X; Lv, B; Shi, H; Zhang, X, 2015)	2.25
"Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor and currently used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro. Abbasi, A; Delavari, M; Doroodgar, A; Doroodgar, M; Taherian, AA, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor modulator and has been shown to increase risk for microvascular flap complications. "	( Tamoxifen-Related Thrombosis: An Experimental Study in Rat Venous Microvascular Anastomosis Model. Aksam, B; Aksam, E; Ceran, C; Demirseren, ME; Suludere, Z; Yenidünya, S, 2017)	3.34
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an established endocrine treatment for all stages of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Pharmacogenetics of UGT1A4, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 and Their Influence on Tamoxifen Disposition in Asian Breast Cancer Patients. Ang, PCS; Cheung, YB; Chowbay, B; Dent, R; Khor, CC; Lim, JSL; Muerdter, TE; Ng, RCH; Schroth, W; Schwab, M; Singh, O; Sutiman, N; Wong, NS; Yap, YS, 2016)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is an off-label option to treat men for breast cancer, infertility, and idiopathic gynecomastia. "	( Tamoxifen in men: a review of adverse events. Hollis, N; Pollock, PA; Wassersug, RJ; Wibowo, E, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen is a pharmacological estrogen inhibitor that binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cells. "	( Effects of SULT1A1 Copy Number Variation on Estrogen Concentration and Tamoxifen-Associated Adverse Drug Reactions in Premenopausal Thai Breast Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study. Areepium, N; Ayudhya, DP; Charoenchokthavee, W; Sriuranpong, V, 2016)	2.11
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal estrogen receptor antagonist that enhances erlotinib (ERL)-induced cytotoxicity in the treatment of NSCLC. "	( Simultaneous determination of erlotinib and tamoxifen in rat plasma using UPLC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic interaction studies. Alzoman, NZ; Maher, HM; Shehata, SM, 2016)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is an effective anti-estrogen treatment for patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, however, tamoxifen resistance is frequently observed. "	( Integrative analysis of miRNA and gene expression reveals regulatory networks in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Alves, CL; Brünner, N; Ditzel, HJ; Elias, D; Gupta, R; Joshi, T; Lykkesfeldt, AE; Lyng, MB; Stenvang, J; Teng, F; Wang, J; Workman, CT, 2016)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is a well-established drug and is thus a promising candidate for a drug to regenerate myelin, as it will not require extensive safety testing."	( Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system. Amaral, AI; Gonzalez, GA; Hofer, MP; Kotter, MRN; Rahman, S; Rundle, J; Syed, YA; Zhao, C, 2016)	2.6
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a drug used in chemotherapy for breast cancer and associated with poor cognitive performances."	( Evidence for an expanded time-window to mitigate a reactivated fear memory by tamoxifen. Andreatini, R; Bertoglio, LJ; da Silva, TR; Stern, CA; Takahashi, RN, 2016)	1.38
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor antagonist used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Application of Mice Humanized for CYP2D6 to the Study of Tamoxifen Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interaction with Antidepressants. Henderson, CJ; MacLeod, AK; McLaughlin, LA; Wolf, CR, 2017)	2.14
"Tamoxifen (Tam) is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator (SERM) that is an essential drug to treat ER-positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen Isomers and Metabolites Exhibit Distinct Affinity and Activity at Cannabinoid Receptors: Potential Scaffold for Drug Development. Ford, BM; Franks, LN; Prather, PL; Radominska-Pandya, A, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen is a standard endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients. "	( Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1-PAK1 axis restores tamoxifen sensitivity in human resistant breast cancer cells. Alonso, DF; Cardama, GA; Comin, MJ; Gomez, DE; Gonzalez, N; Menna, PL; Pifano, M; Segatori, VI, 2017)	2.15
"Tamoxifen (Tmf), is a standard of care for women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. "	( [Antidepressants agents in breast cancer patients using tamoxifen: review of basic and clinical evidence]. Gaete G, L; Irarrázaval O, ME, 2016)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is a well established treatment for breast cancer, but its long-term effects on the incidence of secondary cancers are not fully evaluated."	( Long-term effects on the incidence of second primary cancers in a randomized trial of two and five years of adjuvant tamoxifen. Bengtsson, NO; Carstensen, J; Fornander, T; Hatschek, T; Lindman, H; Malmström, PO; Nordenskjöld, B; Rosell, J; Stål, O; Wallgren, A, 2017)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is a common adjuvant treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)α-positive patients with breast cancer; however, acquired resistance abrogates the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. "	( IGF-1 Receptor Modulates FoxO1-Mediated Tamoxifen Response in Breast Cancer Cells. Houston, KD; Vaziri-Gohar, A; Zheng, Y, 2017)	2.17
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen Directly Inhibits Platelet Angiogenic Potential and Platelet-Mediated Metastasis. Battinelli, EM; Ceglowski, JR; El-Husayni, S; Forward, JA; Italiano, JE; Johnson, KE; Kulenthirarajan, R; Machlus, KR; Mayer, EL; Tippy, MD, 2017)	2.62
"Tamoxifen (TX) is a non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator with effects on cell growth and survival."	( In Vitro effects of tamoxifen on equine neutrophils. Borlone, C; Folch, H; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Moran, G; Olave, C; Sarmiento, J; Uberti, B, 2017)	1.5
"Tamoxifen is a widely applied therapy in breast cancer that affects ERα interactions with coregulators and shifts the DNA-binding signature of ERα upon prolonged exposure in breast cancer."	( Estrogen receptor α wields treatment-specific enhancers between morphologically similar endometrial tumors. Dackus, GM; Droog, M; Fles, R; Hollema, H; Kim, Y; Linn, SC; Mourits, MJ; Nederlof, PM; Nevedomskaya, E; van Boven, HH; van Leeuwen, FE; Wessels, LF; Zwart, W, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is widely used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and for chemoprophylaxis in high risk women. "	( The effect of tamoxifen on the genital tract. Ascher, SM; Polin, SA, 2008)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen used as the current adjuvant endocrine treatment of choice for premenopausal women treated for breast cancer and its potential for causing fetal harm during pregnancy remains inconclusive. "	( Pierre Robin sequence associated with first trimester fetal tamoxifen exposure. Berger, JC; Clericuzio, CL, 2008)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with an established role in the treatment and chemoprevention of hormone-related breast cancer. "	( The multiple applications of tamoxifen: an example pointing to SERM modulation being the aspirin of the 21st century. Martin, FL; Martin-Hirsch, PL; Singh, MN, 2008)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is an important selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator for treatment of steroid hormone positive breast cancer. "	( Early aberrant insulin-like growth factor signaling in the progression to endometrial carcinoma is augmented by tamoxifen. Beckmann, MW; Ellmann, S; Fasching, PA; Hartmann, A; Loprich, E; Stiegler, E; Strick, R; Strissel, PL; Thiel, F, 2008)	2
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal estrogen-receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Studies on tamoxifen encapsulated in lipid vesicles: effect on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Bhatia, A; Bhushan, S; Katare, OP; Singh, B, 2009)	2.19
"Tamoxifen is a partial ER antagonist that is highly effective in the treatment of receptor positive breast cancer. "	( HER2 overexpression and activation, and tamoxifen efficacy in receptor-positive early breast cancer. Fink-Retter, A; Gschwantler-Kaulich, D; Helmy, S; Hudelist, G; Kubista, E; Lamm, W; Pfeiler, G; Singer, CF; Spiess, AC; Walter, I, 2009)	2.06
"Tamoxifen therapy is a standard in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; however, its efficacy varies widely among patients. "	( A polymorphism in the TC21 promoter associates with an unfavorable tamoxifen treatment outcome in breast cancer. Amaral, SM; Antoniadou, L; Brauch, H; Eichelbaum, M; Fritz, P; Glavac, D; Rokavec, M; Schroth, W; Schwab, M; Simon, W, 2008)	2.02
"Tamoxifen appears to be an effective agent for the treatment of epistaxis due to HHT."	( Antiestrogen therapy for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hadar, T; Haddad, M; Preis, M; Shvero, J; Yaniv, E, 2009)	1.8
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. "	( Functional significance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase variants in the metabolism of active tamoxifen metabolites. Amin, S; Blevins-Primeau, AS; Chen, G; Gallagher, CJ; Lazarus, P; Sharma, AK; Sun, D, 2009)	2.02
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is widely used in the prevention and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer. "	( Potential role of UGT pharmacogenetics in cancer treatment and prevention: focus on tamoxifen. Blevins-Primeau, AS; Lazarus, P; Sun, D; Zheng, Y, 2009)	2.02
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major cause of death in patients with recurrent breast cancer. "	( Identification of a putative protein profile associated with tamoxifen therapy resistance in breast cancer. den Bakker, MA; Foekens, JA; Jaitly, N; Kang, H; Look, MP; Luider, TM; Martens, JW; Meijer-van Gelder, ME; Pasa-Tolić, L; Timmermans, AM; Umar, A, 2009)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a first-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator that has been shown to decrease recurrence and prolong survival among premenopausal women with breast cancer; however, it also results in estrogen-insufficiency symptoms, the most common being hot flushes."	( Acute tamoxifen-induced depression and its prevention with venlafaxine. Bourque, F; Cohen, V; Karama, S; Looper, K, )	2.05
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for over 30years. "	( Antiproliferation and apoptosis induced by tamoxifen in human bile duct carcinoma QBC939 cells via upregulated p53 expression. Chen, QX; Han, P; Hu, SX; Kang, JH; Li, HL; Li, WG; Lian, HH; Qiu, PP; Zhang, J, 2009)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a standard endocrine therapy for the prevention and treatment of steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer."	( Pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen therapy. Brauch, H; Eichelbaum, M; Mürdter, TE; Schwab, M, 2009)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which is used for the treatment of primary breast cancer and for the prevention of contralateral breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen and the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Domchek, S; Isaacs, C; Kauff, ND; Lubinski, J; Lynch, HT; Narod, SA; Rosen, B; Sun, P; Tung, N; Vicus, D, 2009)	2.52
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major clinical problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast tumors. "	( The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine enhances the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in tamoxifen-sensitive and tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells. Bennetzen, MV; Clausen, MP; Guerra, B; Lykkesfeldt, AE; Mouritsen, OG; Yde, CW, 2009)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a standard endocrine therapy for the treatment of steroid receptor positive breast cancer. "	( Targeting of tamoxifen to enhance antitumour action for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer: the 'personalised' approach? Brauch, H; Jordan, VC, 2009)	2.16
"Tamoxifen citrate is an antiestrogen for peroral breast cancer treatment. "	( Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of tamoxifen citrate: design and optimization. Abdallah, OY; El-Massik, MA; Elnaggar, YS, 2009)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a widely known anti-estrogen which has been employed in adjuvant treatment of early-stage, estrogen-sensitive breast cancer for over 20 years. "	( The effects of tamoxifen on immunity. Behjati, S; Frank, MH, 2009)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic non steroidal anti-estrogen used to treat patients with breast cancer and healthy subjects with high risk of breast cancer. "	( Acute tamoxifen treatment increases nitric oxide level but not total antioxidant capacity and adenosine deaminase activity in the plasma of rabbits. Atakisi, E; Atakisi, O; Kart, A; Topcu, B, )	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator indicated in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-encapsulated vesicular systems: cytotoxicity evaluation in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. Bhatia, A; Bhushan, S; Katare, OP; Singh, B, 2010)	3.25
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that is widely used in the prevention and treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Potential role of UGT pharmacogenetics in cancer treatment and prevention: focus on tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Lazarus, P; Sun, D, 2010)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is an orally active selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used in the treatment of breast cancer and is currently the world's largest selling drug for that purpose. "	( Tamoxifen and arrhythmia. Kopecky, J; Petera, J; Priester, P; Slovacek, L, 2010)	3.25
"Tamoxifen is a drug of choice for endocrine-responsive breast tumor patients. "	( Combinational treatment of gap junctional activator and tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Gakhar, G; Hua, DH; Nguyen, TA, 2010)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, which has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval. "	( 4-Hydroxytamoxifen inhibits K(+) currents in mouse ventricular myocytes. El Gebeily, G; Fiset, C, 2010)	2.22
"Tamoxifen is a prodrug mainly metabolized by the CY2D6 cytochrome. "	( [CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen: therapeutic perspectives in the management of hormonodependent breast cancer patients]. Barrière, J; Ferrero, JM; Formento, JL; Milano, G, 2010)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is an important drug for treating breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen for relapse of ovarian cancer. Bryant, A; Simera, I; Williams, C, 2010)	3.25
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective OR modulator."	( Tamoxifen-loaded liposomal topical formulation arrests hair growth in mice. Amarji, B; Bhatia, A; Katare, OP; Singh, B, 2010)	2.52
"Tamoxifen seems to be an effective agent in the prevention of HTSs after surgery."	( Evaluating tamoxifen effect in the prevention of hypertrophic scars following surgical incisions. Aminseresht, M; Behjoo, S; Mousavi, SR; Raaiszadeh, M, 2010)	2.19
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen drug widely used for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen induces triacylglycerol accumulation in the mouse liver by activation of fatty acid synthesis. Cole, LK; Jacobs, RL; Vance, DE, 2010)	3.25
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic non-steroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator used in the treatment of breast cancer and in treatment of male fertility. "	( Chromosomal aberration in the post-implantation embryos sired by tamoxifen treated male rats. Balasinor, NH; Kedia-Mokashi, N; Makawy, AE; Saxena, M, 2010)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is an antagonist of estrogen receptor as well."	( Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 6-week study on the efficacy and safety of the tamoxifen adjunctive to lithium in acute bipolar mania. Ahmadi-Abhari, SA; Akhondzadeh, S; Amrollahi, Z; Esfandiari, GR; Ghebleh, F; Maroufi, A; Modabbernia, AH; Naderi, M; Rezaei, F; Sadeghi, M; Salehi, B; Tabrizi, M, 2011)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogenic agent used widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Gene expression profiling of murine hepatic steatosis induced by tamoxifen. Kang, KS; Kim, JH; Kim, JW; Kong, G; Lee, MH; Lee, MO, 2010)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a high risk factor for an increased risk of endometrial lesions for menopausal women and ovarian cysts for premenopausal women. "	( [Follow-up of benign gynecologic diseases in patients treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer]. Jiang, HC; Li, J; Li, L; Wang, SZ; Zhai, Y; Zhang, ZY, 2010)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) blocker that is used for ER positive breast cancer treatment."	( Chemo-resistant melanoma sensitized by tamoxifen to low dose curcumin treatment through induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Chatterjee, SJ; Pandey, S, 2011)	1.36
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug widely used in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer."	( Effects of various agents on DNA fragmentation and telomerase enzyme activities in adenocarcinoma cell lines. Basaran, A; Cosan, DT; Degirmenci, I; Gunes, HV; Sahin, FM; Soyocak, A, 2011)	1.09
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. "	( Crystalline maculopathy: a rare complication of tamoxifen therapy. Krishnaswamy, M; Mukesh, S; Srikantia, N, )	1.83
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. "	( Upregulation of ventricular potassium channels by chronic tamoxifen treatment. El Gebeily, G; Fiset, C, 2011)	2.06
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that has been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer through its anti-estrogen activity. "	( Ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl is involved in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulating the survival signals. Hou, KZ; Liu, J; Liu, YP; Qu, JL; Qu, XJ; Teng, YE; Xu, L; Yan, SC; Zhang, LY; Zhang, Y, 2011)	2.08
"Tamoxifen citrate is a selective inhibitor of oestrogen receptors and exerts a potent anti-oestrogen effect on the mammary gland."	( Evaluation of adverse effects in tamoxifen exposed healthy female dogs. Bertagnolli, AC; Carneiro, RA; Cassali, GD; Cavalcanti, GA; Figueiredo, MS; Lavalle, GE; Melo, MM; Paes, PR; Souza, AG; Tavares, WL; Viana, FA, 2010)	1.36
"Tamoxifen is a pro-drug that is metabolised to its active metabolites by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP2D6, CYP3A, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19."	( Tamoxifen, cytochrome P450 genes and breast cancer clinical outcomes. Francis, PA; Michael, M; Singh, MS, 2011)	2.53
"Tamoxifen is a triphenylethylene derivative commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer The Wistar rats (9 weeks old, 180-200 g body weight) used in these trials were divided into two groups of 20 animals each (control and experimental group). "	( Ultrastructural effects of tamoxifen on uterus in rats. Deveci, E; Deveci, S; Nasir, Y, 2009)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that is currently and widely used in the treatment of breast cancer in all of its stages, in adjuvant therapy as a long-term suppressant of tumor recurrence and also as a chemopreventive agent in women that are in high risk of developing this type of estrogen-dependent cancer. "	( An electrochemical outlook on tamoxifen biotransformation: current and future prospects. Borges, F; Garrido, JM; Garrido, PJ; Manuela, E; Oliveira-Brett, AM, 2011)	2.1
"Tamoxifen resistance is a major problem in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients. "	( HEXIM1 is a critical determinant of the response to tamoxifen. Albert, JM; Ketchart, W; Kresak, A; Montano, MM; Ogba, N; Pink, JJ, 2011)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, but it is also a deactivating ligand for estrogen-related receptor-γ (ERRγ) and a full agonist for the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). "	( Tamoxifen regulation of bone growth and endocrine function in the ovariectomized rat: discrimination of responses involving estrogen receptor α/estrogen receptor β, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, or estrogen-related receptor γ using fulvestrant (ICI Fitts, JM; Klein, RM; Powers, CA, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroid antiestrogen, used as adjuvant therapy for breast carcinoma in women with positive estrogen receptor (ER+). "	( [Tamoxifen and endometrial pathology]. Mihailovici, MS; Negoiţă, M; Terinte, C, )	2.48
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator which is widely used to treat and prevent breast cancer."	( The effect of renin angiotensin system on tamoxifen resistance. Abedtash, H; Ardeshir-Rouhani-Fard, S; Namazi, S, 2011)	1.35
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal antiestrogen used in the treatment and prevention of hormone-dependent breast cancer. "	( The effect of the oral iron chelator deferiprone on the liver damage induced by tamoxifen in female rats. Cerná, P; Eybl, V; Kotyzová, D, 2011)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. "	( Tamoxifen treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage. Guan, J; Hua, Y; Keep, RF; Wu, G; Xi, G; Xie, Q, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen appears to be an effective agent for the treatment of epistaxis due to HHT."	( Anti-estrogen therapy for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - a long-term clinical trial. Hadar, T; Nageris, B; Preis, M; Shevro, J; Yaniv, E, 2011)	1.81
"Tamoxifen is a known anti-cancer drug and established estrogen receptor modulator. "	( Anti-thrombotic effects of selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen. Dash, D; Kumar, A; Nayak, MK; Prakash, V; Roy, A; Singh, SK, 2011)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor antagonist that is widely used for treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen promotes superoxide production in platelets by activation of PI3-kinase and NADPH oxidase pathways. Blackmore, PF; Chegini, HA; Dobrydneva, Y; Shah, VP; Vishneski, SR; Weatherman, RV, 2012)	3.26
"Tamoxifen is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and biochanin A (BCA) is an inhibitor of P-gp and CYP3A."	( Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rat plasma: application to interaction study with biochanin A (an isoflavone). Ali, MM; Jain, GK; Kohli, K; Singh, SP, 2011)	1.32
"Tamoxifen is an essential drug in treating hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and has been used successfully for the past three decades. "	( Adherence to long-term adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer. Dunn, J; Gotay, C, 2011)	1.81
"Tamoxifen is a triphenylethylene non-steroidal oestrogen antagonist widely used in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with well-documented ocular side-effects. "	( Tamoxifen keratopathy as seen with in-vivo confocal microscopy. Collins, CE; Lim, LT; Ramaesh, K; Tarafdar, S, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator that is commonly utilized in the treatment and prevention of endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Use of CYP2D6 genotyping in practice: tamoxifen dose adjustment. McLeod, H; Walko, CM, 2012)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is an effective antiestrogen used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen and CYP2D6: a contradiction of data. Hertz, DL; Irvin, WJ; McLeod, HL, 2012)	3.26
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator used in pre-menopausal oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients as adjuvant endocrine treatment. "	( Stopping tamoxifen peri-operatively for VTE risk reduction: a proposed management algorithm. Hussain, T; Kneeshaw, PJ, 2012)	2.24
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator known for its anticancer activity. "	( Tamoxifen-loaded novel liposomal formulations: evaluation of anticancer activity on DMBA-TPA induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Amarji, B; Bhatia, A; Katare, OP; Raza, K; Shukla, A; Singh, B, 2012)	3.26
"Tamoxifen is a mainstay in the treatment of hormone-receptor sensitive breast cancer. "	( Impact of CYP2D6 polymorphism on tamoxifen therapy: where are we? Aigner, I; Haschke-Becher, E; Huber-Wechselberger, AE; Niedetzky, P, 2012)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for breast cancer but an undesirable side-effect is an increased risk of endometrial cancer, particularly rare tumor types associated with poor prognosis. "	( Endometrial cancer survival after breast cancer in relation to tamoxifen treatment: pooled results from three countries. Bernstein, L; Hollema, H; Hoogendoorn, WE; Jones, ME; Mourits, MJ; Press, MF; Swerdlow, AJ; van Boven, H; van Leeuwen, FE, 2012)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. "	( The eyes have it! Tamoxifen maculopathy revisited: a case report. Das, D; Gandhi, RA; Goyal, A; Nair, AG, 2012)	2.16
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ER+). "	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of tamoxifen using LC-MS/MS. Lynch, KL; Tchu, SM; Wu, AH, 2012)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is a standard therapeutical treatment in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma. "	( The impact of PTEN tumor suppressor gene on acquiring resistance to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients. Davidovic, R; Dimitrijevic, B; Dramicanin, T; Dzodic, R; Juranic, Z; Milovanovic, Z; Plesinac-Karapandzic, V; Susnjar, S; Tanic, N; Tatic, S, 2012)	2.06
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator."	( Hepatoprotective effect of tamoxifen on steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mouse models. Fukami, T; Miyashita, T; Nakajima, M; Toyoda, Y; Tsuneyama, K; Yokoi, T, 2012)	1.4
"Tamoxifen is a triphenylethylene non-steroidal antiestrogen anticancer agent. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits migration of estrogen receptor-negative hepatocellular carcinoma cells by blocking the swelling-activated chloride current. Chen, L; Jin, X; Li, H; Mao, J; Wang, L; Xu, B; Yuan, J; Zhang, H; Zhu, J, 2013)	3.28
"Tamoxifen (Tmx) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor antagonist and is frequently used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Voltage-dependent open-channel block of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K(+) (GIRK) current in rat atrial myocytes by tamoxifen. Kienitz, MC; Pott, L; Vanheiden, S, 2012)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a drug that has been in worldwide use for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer for over 30 years; it has been used in both the metastatic and adjuvant settings. "	( Oral low dose and topical tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention: modern approaches for an old drug. Decensi, A; Dunn, BK; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Khan, S; Lazzeroni, M; Lee, O; Serrano, D, 2012)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is a safe and viable therapeutic option in the treatment of iRPF."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of a tamoxifen-based treatment strategy for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Hendriksz, TR; Pelkmans, LG; van Bommel, EF; van Damme, H, 2013)	2.11
"Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen inhibitor on the mammary gland, but stimulates postmenopausal uterine mucosa in about 25% of cases while decreasing the risk of osteoporosis."	( Similarity of uterine mucosa changes in patients treated by raloxifen and tamoxifen. Lindahl, B; Willèn, H; Willèn, R, )	1.08
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with pro- and anti-estrogenic properties. "	( [Tamoxifen and breast cancer]. Nechushtan, H; Peretz, T, 2002)	2.67
"Tamoxifen is a potent hepatocarcinogen in the rat, probably via a genotoxic mechanism."	( The mutational signature of alpha-hydroxytamoxifen at Hprt locus in Chinese hamster cells. Boobis, AR; Davies, DS; Yadollahi-Farsani, M, 2002)	1.3
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator with estrogen-like effects on cardiovascular risk factors but as-yet unexplored effects on carotid artery structure."	( Influence of tamoxifen on carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Boutouyrie, P; Jaillon, P; Laloux, B; Laurent, S; Simon, JM; Simon, T; Tournigand, C; Tropeano, AI, 2002)	1.41
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( 4-Hydroxytamoxifen sulfation metabolism. Chen, G; Maiti, S; Shao, X; Yin, S, 2002)	2.17
"Tamoxifen alone is an adequate alternative treatment in very old or frail patients."	( Tamoxifen alone versus adjuvant tamoxifen for operable breast cancer of the elderly: long-term results of the phase III randomized controlled multicenter GRETA trial. Ceccherini, R; De Matteis, A; Farris, A; Maiorino, L; Milani, S; Mustacchi, G; Pluchinotta, A; Sasso, F; Scanni, A, 2003)	2.48
"Tamoxifen is a widely used breast cancer therapeutic and preventative agent. "	( Tamoxifen functions as a molecular agonist inducing cell cycle-associated genes in breast cancer cells. Afshari, CA; Aldaz, CM; Bennett, L; Bushel, PR; Cook, JD; Hodges, LC; Li, L; Lobenhofer, EK; Walker, CL, 2003)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor antagonist used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits Na+ and K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes. He, J; Kargacin, GJ; Kargacin, ME; Ward, CA, 2003)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivate, with clear antioestrogenic effects on the breast, that is orally administrated for the treatment of breast cancer and its prevention in a high-risk population. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on the human female genital tract: review of the literature. Akrivis, Ch; Polyzos, D; Varras, M, 2003)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that is commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Inhibition of cloned HERG potassium channels by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Gut, B; Karle, CA; Karsai, S; Kathöfer, S; Katus, HA; Kiehn, J; Schoels, W; Thomas, D; Wendt-Nordahl, G; Wimmer, AB; Wu, K; Zhang, W, 2003)	2
"Tamoxifen (TX) is an antiestrogen with varying levels of antagonist/agonist activity on the reproductive axis of the rat. "	( Tamoxifen induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone self-priming through an estrogen-dependent progesterone receptor expression in the gonadotrope of the rat. Aguilar, R; Alonso, R; Bellido, C; Martín de las Mulas, J; Sánchez-Criado, JE; Tena-Sempere, M, 2003)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer and a chemoprotective agent for breast cancer prevention. "	( Synthesis and investigation of alpha-hydroxy-N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen as a proximate carcinogen in the metabolic activation of tamoxifen. Beland, FA; Freeman, JP; Gamboa da Costa, G; Marques, MM, 2003)	2
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol esterification and prevents the formation of foam cells. Bernad, J; Bosser, I; de Medina, P; Favre, G; Faye, JC; Payré, BL; Pipy, B; Poirot, M; Silvente-Poirot, S, 2004)	3.21
"Oral tamoxifen is an effective treatment for physiological gynaecomastia, especially for the lump type."	( Management of physiological gynaecomastia with tamoxifen. Blamey, RW; Khan, HN; Rampaul, R, 2004)	1.09
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic, nonsteroidal Type I antiestrogenic compound that competitively blocks estrogen receptors with a mixed antagonist-agonist effect. "	( Effect of tamoxifen citrate on reproductive parameters of male dogs. Arias, D; Corrada, Y; Fava, F; Gobello, C; Rodríguez, R; Spaini, E, 2004)	2.17
"Tamoxifen is an effective and relatively non-toxic compound used in palliative and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. "	( The effects of tamoxifen on the female genital tract. Jassem, J; Konefka, T; Senkus-Konefka, E, 2004)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator that is clinically used as an antagonist to treat estrogen-dependent breast cancers but displays unwanted agonistic effects in other tissues. "	( Identification of tamoxifen-induced coregulator interaction surfaces within the ligand-binding domain of estrogen receptors. Buehrer, B; Gustafsson, JA; Heldring, N; Nilsson, M; Treuter, E, 2004)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is an effective second-line therapy after anastrozole."	( Anastrozole ('Arimidex') versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of the double-blind cross-over SAKK trial 21/95--a sub-study of the TARGET (Tamoxifen or 'Arimidex' Randomized Group Efficacy and Aebi, S; Ballabeni, P; Goldhirsch, A; Hess, D; Köberle, D; Pagani, O; Perey, L; Rochlitz, C; Senn, I; Thürlimann, B, 2004)	1.33
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anti-oestrogen used for treatment and prevention of human breast cancer, but it is also related to human endometrial and uterine cancer. "	( Genotoxicity of tamoxifen citrate and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Castañeda-Partida, L; Contreras-Sousa, M; Dueñas-García, I; Durán-Díaz, A; Graf, U; Heres-Pulido, ME; Sánchez-García, A, 2004)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogenic effects on cardiovascular risk factors, but its long-term impacts on cerebral vasculature are unknown."	( Estrogen and tamoxifen modulate cerebrovascular tone in ovariectomized female rats. Chan, FL; Chen, ZY; Huang, Y; Laher, I; Tsang, SY; Wong, CM; Yao, X, 2004)	1.41
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used for the prophylactic treatment of breast cancer. "	( Molecular characterization of the microsomal tamoxifen binding site. de Médina, P; Favre, G; Faye, JC; Kedjouar, B; Oulad-Abdelghani, M; Payré, B; Poirot, M; Silvente-Poirot, S, 2004)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator shown to improve several cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen improves endothelial function and reduces carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Aznaouridis, K; Kumar, S; Lekakis, JP; Papaioannou, TG; Papamichael, CM; Poulakaki, NA; Protogerou, AD; Stamatelopoulos, KS; Stamatelopoulos, SF; Venetsanou, K, 2004)	3.21
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen used to treat patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and as a chemopreventive agent against breast cancer in high risk pre- and post-menopausal women. "	( Cytotoxicity of tamoxifen in normal and tumoral cell lines and its ability to induce cellular transformation in vitro. de Carvalho, JE; Genari, SC; Kohn, LK; Petinari, L, 2004)	2.11
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Lack of attenuation in the antitumor effect of tamoxifen by chronic CYP isoform inhibition. Duggan, D; Lehmann, D; Nelsen, J; Newman, N; Ramanath, V; Smith, A, 2004)	2.02
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug that is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-dependent breast cancer. "	( Interactions of the stereoisomers of alpha-hydroxytamoxifen with human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase SULT2A1 and rat hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase STa. Apak, TI; Duffel, MW, 2004)	2.02
"Tamoxifen acts as an agonist on genes under the control of an AP-1 response elements when ERalpha or ERbeta is expressed."	( Possible interaction between activator protein-1 and proto-oncogene B-cell lymphoma gene 6 in breast cancer patients resistant to tamoxifen. Altundag, K; Altundag, O; Arun, B; Gunduz, M, 2004)	1.25
"Tamoxifen is a well-known antiestrogen used for the hormonotherapy of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. "	( Multiple targeting by the antitumor drug tamoxifen: a structure-activity study. de Médina, P; Favre, G; Poirot, M, 2004)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce the incidence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in high-risk healthy women."	( Risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer--a review of recent literature. Mokbel, K, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen is an effective drug for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen) has anti-estrogenic effects in breast cancer cells with potency similar to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Lim, YC; Skaar, TC, 2005)	2.05
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antioestrogen that is widely used in adjuvant therapy for all stages of breast carcinoma."	( Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen and energy-modulating vitamins on carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in breast cancer. Perumal, SS; Sachdanandam, P; Shanthi, P, 2005)	1.36
"Tamoxifen (TMX) is a nonsteroidal triphenylene derivate with clear antiestrogenic properties on the breast which is used as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer; potential adverse effects include endometrial lesions."	( Antiestrogenic therapy in breast cancer and endometrial modifications. Hannuna, K; Iuele, T; Marziani, R; Melluso, J; Mossa, B; Napolitano, C, 2005)	1.05
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen used in the adjuvant endocrine therapy of early breast cancer and malignant breast disorders. "	( Detection of tamoxifen metabolites by GC-MSD. Báez, H; Camargo, C; Osorio, H; Umpiérrez, F, )	1.94
"Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogen widely used in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer and is also used as a prophylactic to prevent the disease in high-risk women. "	( Organ specificity of DNA adduct formation by tamoxifen and alpha-hydroxytamoxifen in the rat: implications for understanding the mechanism(s) of tamoxifen carcinogenicity and for human risk assessment. Arlt, VM; Churchill, C; Cole, KJ; Hewer, A; Osborne, MR; Phillips, DH, 2005)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a widely used drug for chemotherapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer worldwide. "	( Investigating DNA adduct-targeted mutagenicity of tamoxifen: preferential formation of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in the human p53 gene in SV40 immortalized hepatocytes but not endometrial carcinoma cells. Besaratinia, A; Pfeifer, GP, 2005)	2.02
"Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( The effect of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) against tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats: DDB use is curative or protective. El-Beshbishy, HA, 2005)	2
"Tamoxifen is a widely used adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma with partial estrogenic agonist effect. "	( Metastatic breast lobular carcinoma to tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyp: case report and literature review. Al-Brahim, N; Elavathil, LJ, 2005)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with anti-oestrogenic activity in the breast and oestrogenic effects in various tissues such as the endometrium, bone and cardiovascular territory. "	( Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer. Is screening necessary? A review of the literature. Abad, L; León, JP; Machado, F; Parrilla, JJ; Rodríguez, JR, 2005)	3.21
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a potent antioxidant and a non-steroidal antiestrogen drug most used in the chemotherapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer."	( Combined efficacy of tamoxifen and coenzyme Q10 on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in DMBA induced breast cancer. Perumal, SS; Sachdanandam, P; Shanthi, P, 2005)	1.37
"Tamoxifen is a widely used anticancer drug for breast cancer with frequent gastrointestinal side effects. "	( [Effects of tamoxifen on the voltage-dependent ionic currents in mouse colonic smooth muscle cells]. Chang, SJ; Choi, S; Jun, JY; Kim, MW; Lee, DM; Lim, GH; Park, CG; Yeum, CH; Yoon, PJ, 2005)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for hormone responsive breast cancer and can prevent breast cancer in high-risk women."	( [Selective estrogen receptors modulators (SERMs): biochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical use in gynecology]. Teppa Garrán, AD; Terán Dávila, J, 2005)	1.05
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogenic agent for the treatment of breast cancer, while exhibiting estrogenic activity in such tissues as the uterus. "	( Assessment of anti-estrogenic activity of tamoxifen in transgenic mice expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene regulated by estrogen response element. Enzan, H; Hayashi, Y; Okada, T; Saibara, T; Toda, K, 2006)	2.04
"Tamoxifen acts as an oestrogen antagonist in the breast reducing cell proliferation, but in the uterus as an oestrogen agonist resulting in increased cell proliferation. "	( Influence of oestradiol and tamoxifen on oestrogen receptors-alpha and -beta protein degradation and non-genomic signalling pathways in uterine and breast carcinoma cells. Guerin, CJ; Horner-Glister, E; Johnson, SM; Maleki-Dizaji, M; Styles, J; White, IN, 2005)	2.07
"Tamoxifen is a known hepatocarcinogen in rats and is associated with an increased incidence of endometrial cancer in patients. "	( Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 forms involved in metabolism of tamoxifen to its alpha-hydroxy and alpha,4-dihydroxy derivatives. Crewe, KH; Gillam, EM; Lennard, MS; Notley, LM; Taylor, PJ, 2005)	2
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen used for the treatment of breast cancer and, more recently, as a chemopreventive agent in healthy women at high risk of developing breast cancer. "	( Effect of long-term tamoxifen exposure on genotoxic and epigenetic changes in rat liver: implications for tamoxifen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Beland, FA; Churchwell, MI; Kovalchuk, O; Montgomery, B; Muskhelishvili, L; Pogribny, IP; Rodriguez-Juarez, R; Ross, SA; Tryndyak, VP, 2006)	2.1
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an important endocrine therapeutic drug used in combined treatment for breast cancer. "	( [Involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in tamoxifen resistance of MCF-7 cells]. Wang, XY; Wu, ZY; Zhen, LL; Zheng, W; Zhu, X, 2006)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is a prototypic cancer chemopreventive agent, yet clinical trials have not evaluated its effect on mortality or the impact of drug pricing on its cost-effectiveness."	( Chemoprevention: drug pricing and mortality: the case of tamoxifen. Barnato, A; Birch, S; Helms, LJ; Kuenneth, C; Kuppermann, M; Melnikow, J; Nuovo, J, 2006)	2.02
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women. "	( Characterization of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen glucuronidation by human UGT1A4 variants. Chen, G; Dellinger, RW; Duncan, K; Fang, JL; Lazarus, P; Sun, D, 2006)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is an important estrogen receptor antagonist used successfully for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Quantification of tamoxifen and metabolites and soy isoflavones in human plasma using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Churchwell, MI; Doerge, DR; Twaddle, NC; Williams, LD, )	1.91
"Tamoxifen is an effective drug, but its role in prevention is limited by its adverse effect profile. "	( Influence of hormone replacement therapy on tamoxifen-induced vasomotor symptoms. Cuzick, J; Edwards, R; Forbes, J; Kealy, R; Sestak, I, 2006)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a nontoxic inhibitor of P-glycoprotein."	( Randomized study of paclitaxel and tamoxifen deposition into human brain tumors: implications for the treatment of metastatic brain tumors. Balmaceda, C; Bertino, JS; Bruce, JN; Chen, J; Desai, M; Fetell, MR; Fine, RL; Goodman, RR; Huang, M; McKhann, GM; Nafziger, AN; Sisti, MB, 2006)	1.33
"Tamoxifen is a cheap and effective estrogen-receptor antagonist, used as the adjuvant hormonal treatment of choice in women with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: where are we now and where are we going? Ahmed, MH; Osman, KA; Osman, MM, 2007)	3.23
"Tamoxifen is an anticancer drug that induces oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathways. "	( Tamoxifen induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via stimulating mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. Alidema, E; Choi, J; Ghafourifar, P; Larson, SK; Nazarewicz, RR; Parihar, A; Zenebe, WJ, 2007)	3.23
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a synthetic non-steroidal anti-estrogen compound that is widely used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-induced activation of p21Waf1/Cip1 gene transcription is mediated by Early Growth Response-1 protein through the JNK and p38 MAP kinase/Elk-1 cascades in MDA-MB-361 breast carcinoma cells. Choi, BH; Kim, CG; Lee, YH; Shin, SY; Son, SW; Yi, SJ, 2007)	3.23
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used to treat and to prevent breast cancer; however, its use is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. "	( Association between CYP3A4 genotype and risk of endometrial cancer following tamoxifen use. Chu, W; Fyles, A; McCready, DR; Murphy, J; Narod, SA; Pal, T; Sellers, EM, 2007)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is a mixed estrogen agonist and antagonist, which is used in treatment and prevention of breast cancer as an estrogen antagonist."	( Role of endothelin-1 in tamoxifen resistance: Mechanism for a new possible treatment strategy in breast cancer. Abedtash, H; Namazi, S; Rouhani Fard, SA, 2008)	1.37
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen used widely in the treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer. "	( The DNA-damaging potential of tamoxifen in breast cancer and normal cells. Blasiak, J; Blasinska-Morawiec, M; Kolacinska, A; Morawiec, Z; Morawiec-Bajda, A; Wozniak, K; Zadrozny, M, 2007)	2.07
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal antiestrogen drug, which is widely used to prevent and treat breast, liver, pancreas and brain cancers. "	( Concentration dependent different action of tamoxifen on membrane fluidity. Kazanci, N; Severcan, F, 2007)	2.04
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogenic drug widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Catechin as an antioxidant in liver mitochondrial toxicity: Inhibition of tamoxifen-induced protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Banerjee, BD; Parvez, S; Raisuddin, S; Rehman, H; Tabassum, H, 2007)	2.01
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that prevents estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in rodents and humans. "	( Subchronic toxicity and toxicogenomic evaluation of tamoxifen citrate + bexarotene in female rats. Crowell, JA; Cwik, MJ; Detrisac, CJ; Horn, TL; Kapetanovic, IM; Lubet, RA; McCormick, DL; Naylor, JM; Torres, KE, 2007)	2.03
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen that has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women. "	( Glucuronidation of active tamoxifen metabolites by the human UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Amin, S; Balliet, RM; Blevins-Primeau, AS; Boyiri, T; Chen, G; Dellinger, RW; Lazarus, P; Sharma, AK; Sun, D, 2007)	2.08
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug most widely used as an adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer."	( Augmented antioxidant status in Tamoxifen treated postmenopausal women with breast cancer on co-administration with Coenzyme Q10, Niacin and Riboflavin. Gangadaran, SG; Premkumar, VG; Sachdanandam, P; Vijayasarathy, K; Yuvaraj, S, 2008)	1.35
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anti-neoplastic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Nephrotoxicity and its prevention by taurine in tamoxifen induced oxidative stress in mice. Dev Banerjee, B; Parvez, S; Raisuddin, S; Rehman, H; Siemen, D; Tabassum, H, 2007)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a widely used anti-estrogenic drug for chemotherapy and, more recently, for the chemoprevention of breast cancer. "	( Gene expression profiling reveals underlying molecular mechanisms of the early stages of tamoxifen-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Bagnyukova, TV; Beland, FA; Fuscoe, JC; Han, T; Kovalchuk, O; Muskhelishvili, L; Pogribny, IP; Rodriguez-Juarez, R; Ross, SA; Tryndyak, VP, 2007)	2
"Tamoxifen continues to be a standard endocrine therapy for the prevention and treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen pharmacogenomics: the role of CYP2D6 as a predictor of drug response. Ames, MM; Goetz, MP; Kamal, A, 2008)	3.23
"Tamoxifen is an alternative approach only for BRCA2 mutation carriers."	( Individualized preventive and therapeutic management of hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome. Briasoulis, E; Roukos, DH, 2007)	1.06
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is widely used as adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients; however, it is also associated with undesirable side effects. "	( Profiles of tamoxifen-related side effects by race and smoking status in women with breast cancer. Flaws, JA; Gallicchio, L; Lewis, LM; Royak-Schaler, R; Tkaczuk, K; Zhan, M, 2007)	2.16
"Tamoxifen is an antagonist of estrogen receptor, which is used widely as an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer drug that blocks growth signals and provokes apoptosis. "	( Induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative cells by a novel tamoxifen derivative, ridaifen-B. Ikekita, M; Miyamoto, T; Nagahara, Y; Nakata, K; Sasaki, A; Shiina, I, 2008)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is an antioestrogen widely used in the breast cancer treatment. "	( [Malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the uterus following tamoxifen for breast cancer: case report]. Akerman, G; Barranger, E; Cote, JF; Gray, F; Malartic, C; Morel, O; Saim, M, 2008)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Taurine prevents tamoxifen-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage in mice. Banerjee, BD; Parvez, S; Raisuddin, S; Tabassum, H, 2008)	2.13
"Tamoxifen is a mainstay in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. "	( Sensitizing estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells to tamoxifen with OSU-03012, a novel celecoxib-derived phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1/Akt signaling inhibitor. Brueggemeier, RW; Chen, CS; Kashida, Y; Kulp, SK; Shapiro, CL; Wang, D; Weng, SC, 2008)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen which is used as an adjuvant form of chemotherapy for breast carcinomas containing estrogen receptors. "	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on liver, lung and intestinal mixed-function oxidases in male and female rats. Al-Turk, WA; Roche, EB; Stohs, SJ, )	1.98
"Tamoxifen appears to be a useful and safe treatment for recurrent breast cancer."	( [A case of recurrent breast cancer responding to long-term administration of tamoxifen]. Inaji, H; Kobayashi, T; Maeura, Y; Mori, T; Yayoi, E, 1984)	1.22
"Tamoxifen is a potent inhibitor of specific oestrogen-induced yolk protein synthesis by chicken liver. "	( High affinity binding of anti-oestrogen to the chick liver nuclear oestrogen receptor. Jordan, VC; Lazier, CB, 1982)	1.71
"Tamoxifen seemed to be a useful alternative treatment for this group of patients."	( Treatment of early localized breast cancer in elderly patients by Tamoxifen. Helleberg, A; Lundgren, B; Norin, T; Sander, S, 1982)	1.22
"Tamoxifen is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in human breast cancer, although some tumours develop resistance. "	( Tamoxifen and somatostatin affect tumours by inducing apoptosis. Candi, E; De Laurenzi, V; Guerrieri, P; Knight, RA; Melino, G; Piacentini, M; Spinedi, A, 1995)	3.18
"4-OH-tamoxifen is an active metabolite of tamoxifen that is detectable in the serum and tumour tissue of patients treated by oral tamoxifen. "	( Phase I study of percutaneous 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen with analyses of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen concentrations in breast cancer and normal breast tissue. Fournier, S; Fourtillan, JB; Girault, J; Grenier, J; Pujol, H; Pujol, JL; Rouanet, P; Simony, J, 1995)	1.07
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that has been shown to reverse drug resistance in vitro in some cancer models through pathways not related to its antiestrogenic effect."	( Tamoxifen enhances the chemosensitivity of bladder carcinoma cells. Cheng, AL; Hsieh, CY; Hsieh, TS; Lai, MK; Pu, YS; Su, IJ; Tsai, TC, 1995)	2.46
"Tamoxifen was shown to be a good chemosensitizer in a bladder cancer cell model and may well be tried in combination with systemic chemotherapy for metastatic human bladder cancers in the clinical setting."	( Tamoxifen enhances the chemosensitivity of bladder carcinoma cells. Cheng, AL; Hsieh, CY; Hsieh, TS; Lai, MK; Pu, YS; Su, IJ; Tsai, TC, 1995)	3.18
"Tamoxifen acts as an oestrogen both on genital organs and bones."	( [Quality of life analysis in patients treated for breast cancers]. Antoine, JM; Dormont, D; Dutranoy, G; Ferrand, S; Madelenat, P; Ravina, JH; Salat-Baroux, J; Uzan, S; Zylberberg, B, 1994)	1.73
"Tamoxifen is a specific therapy."	( Estrogen dermatitis. Santoso-Pham, J; Shelley, ED; Shelley, WB; Talanin, NY, 1995)	1.01
"Tamoxifen alone is an adequate alternative in frail patients."	( Tamoxifen or surgery plus tamoxifen as primary treatment for elderly patients with operable breast cancer: The G.R.E.T.A. Trial. Group for Research on Endocrine Therapy in the Elderly. De Matteis, A; Milani, S; Mustacchi, G; Perrota, A; Pluchinotta, A; Rubagotti, A, )	2.3
"Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogen which is currently being assessed as a prophylactic for women at high risk of breast cancer. "	( Interaction of tamoxifen with the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. Callaghan, R; Higgins, CF, 1995)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer that is being studied for use in patients at high risk for developing breast cancer. "	( Screening for ocular toxicity in asymptomatic patients treated with tamoxifen. Dragoo, RA; Enzenauer, RW; Heier, JS; Waterhouse, WJ, 1994)	1.97
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist/agonist often associated with antiestrogenic effects such as hot flushes and vaginal dryness in premenopausal women. "	( Endometriosis and tamoxifen therapy. Gincherman, Y; Mikuta, JJ; Morgan, MA, 1994)	2.07
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen frequently used in the treatment of breast cancer and is currently being assessed as a prophylactic for those at high risk of developing tumors. "	( Tamoxifen blocks chloride channels. A possible mechanism for cataract formation. Gill, DR; Hardy, SP; Higgins, CF; Hyde, SC; Jacob, TJ; Mintenig, GM; Sepúlveda, FV; Trezise, AE; Valverde, MA; Zhang, JJ, 1994)	3.17
"Tamoxifen is an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), a calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine kinase which plays a critical role in the proliferation of certain cell lines."	( A comparison of the relative chemosensitivity of human gliomas to tamoxifen and n-desmethyltamoxifen in vitro. Kristofik, MP; Randall, MS; Rehn, T; Selker, RG; Vertosick, FT, 1994)	1.25
"Tamoxifen citrate is a synthetic antiestrogen that provides survival benefit when given as adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. "	( Protein S and protein C level changes with adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women. Feyzi, JM; Love, RR; Mamby, CC, 1994)	1.98
"Tamoxifen flare is a relatively seldom occurring phenomenon but it can force to therapeutical consequences. "	( [Tamoxifen flare]. Görlich, M, 1994)	2.64
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a triphenylethylene antiestrogen used for the treatment, and in clinical trials for the prevention, of breast cancer in women. "	( Frequent and specific mutations of the rat p53 gene in hepatocarcinomas induced by tamoxifen. Lazarus, P; Vancutsem, PM; Williams, GM, 1994)	1.96
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen used in adjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma and could potentially prevent the development of mammary cancer. "	( Tamoxifen restores the E-cadherin function in human breast cancer MCF-7/6 cells and suppresses their invasive phenotype. Bracke, ME; Bruyneel, EA; Castronovo, V; Charlier, C; Labit, C; Mareel, MM, 1994)	3.17
"Tamoxifen is a known structural-mimic of cholesterol, which were both found to be similarly effective in preventing drug release from liposomes."	( Tamoxifen decreases drug efflux from liposomes: relevance to its ability to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells? Kayyali, R; Marriott, C; Wiseman, H, 1994)	2.45
"Tamoxifen is a potent liver carcinogen in rats and has been shown to form covalent DNA adducts in the livers of several species of rodent. "	( Co-chromatography of a tamoxifen epoxide-deoxyguanylic acid adduct with a major DNA adduct formed in the livers of tamoxifen-treated rats. Farmer, PB; Hewer, A; Phillips, DH; White, IN, 1994)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is an important medicine with beneficial influence on the fibrinolytic system, without affecting the serous coagulation system."	( The influence of tamoxifen on plasma coagulation and serous fibrinolysis. Boryska, M; Jankowski, J; Kopczynski, Z; Ramlau, C, 1993)	1.35
"Tamoxifen is an established adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. "	( [Adverse effects of tamoxifen on the female genital tract]. Anteby, E; Hochner-Celnikier, D; Palti, Z; Yagel, S; Zacut, D, 1993)	2.05
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen useful in the treatment and control of breast cancer. "	( Structural characterization and biological effects of photocyclized products of tamoxifen irradiation. Ruenitz, PC; Wilson, S, 1993)	1.96
"Tamoxifen is a safe and reliable treatment of breast cancer, but data suggest an association with endometrial cancer. "	( Gynecologic tumors in tamoxifen-treated women with breast cancer. Johnson, J; Seoud, MA; Weed, JC, 1993)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is an antioestrogen drug used widely in the management of oestrogen-dependent metastatic breast carcinoma. "	( Ocular toxicity of tamoxifen. Nagarajan, R; Sekhar, GC, 1995)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is an oral antiestrogen first used in metastatic breast cancer in the early 1970s. "	( Tamoxifen's role in chemoprevention of breast cancer: an update. Nayfield, SG, 1995)	3.18
"Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for metastatic and primary breast cancer and is now being evaluated as a chemoprevention agent in healthy women. "	( Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Ashley, S; Hickish, T; Kanis, JA; Powles, TJ; Tidy, A, 1996)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug that has been used successfully for 15 years in the treatment of all stages of breast carcinoma. "	( The effects of tamoxifen treatment on the endometrium. Bar-Am, A; Daniel, Y; Inbar, M; Lessing, JB; Peyser, MR, 1996)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is a partial agonist, leading to the increase in transcriptional activity."	( [Strategy of drug development for hormone-dependent tumor]. Kudoh, M, 1996)	1.02
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen with proven efficacy and low toxicity in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Radiotherapy-related lung fibrosis enhanced by tamoxifen. Bentzen, SM; Overgaard, J; Overgaard, M; Skoczylas, JZ, 1996)	1.99
"Tamoxifen is an effective antioxidant and protects membranes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles against oxidative damage."	( Tamoxifen as an antioxidant and cardioprotectant. Wiseman, H, 1995)	2.46
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal anti-estrogen frequently used in breast cancer therapy. "	( [Surveillance of patients treated with tamoxifen]. Khairallah, T; Salat-Baroux, J; Sananes, S; Touboul, E; Uzan, S, 1996)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is an oestrogen antagonist with partial agonistic effects that is used extensively in the treatment of mammary carcinoma. "	( [Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer. A case report]. Lindal, S; Mortensen, E; Orbo, A, 1996)	2.65
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a triphenylethylene anti-oestrogen, commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tamoxifen and its major metabolites in plasma. Cummings, J; Dixon, JM; MacCallum, J; Miller, WR, 1996)	1.96
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic oestrogen antagonist commonly used as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer."	( Elemental composition of bone minerals in women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Glaros, D; Hatzikonstantinou, I; Kalef-Ezra, JA; Karantanas, A; Klouvas, G; Pavlidis, N, 1996)	1.24
"Tamoxifen is an effective form of hormonal therapy for breast cancer, although the mechanism by which tamoxifen inhibits tumor growth is not well understood and may involve mechanisms other than the action of tamoxifen as an estrogen antagonist."	( Presence of an insulin-like growth factor I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen. Ethier, SP; Howe, SR; Matthews, WJ; Pass, HI; Walker, C, 1996)	1.23
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal antiestrogen that possesses antagonistic as well a agonistic properties, while RU39411 is an antiestrogen that is known to possess only antagonistic properties. "	( Tamoxifen and RU39411 synergize with mifepristone to produce preimplantation pregnancy loss by increasing embryo transport (rat). Bardin, CW; Kaplan-Kraicer, R; Kostovetsky, I; Shalgi, R, 1996)	3.18
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug which is used for adjuvant therapy of patients with estrogen positive receptors in breast cancer. "	( [Tamoxifen: modern drug therapy of estrogen-dependent breast tumors]. Beleslin, DB; Jovanović-Mićić, D; Nikolić, SS, 1996)	2.65
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic antiestrogen with both agonist and antagonist properties. "	( Tamoxifen in postmenopausal women a safety perspective. Kimmick, GG; Muss, HB; Robinson, E, 1996)	3.18
"Tamoxifen is a widely used, effective, and well-tolerated agent in the treatment of primary and recurrent breast cancer. "	( Scientific review of tamoxifen. Overview from a medical oncologist. Carlson, RW, 1997)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for early and advanced disease, it has few side effects, it has a low cost, and it is easy to administer."	( The control of breast cancer: the role of tamoxifen. Forbes, JF, 1997)	1.28
"Tamoxifen is a substituted triphenylethylene antiestrogen used in the adjuvant therapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer. "	( Antagonistic and agonistic effects of tamoxifen: significance in human cancer. Gallo, MA; Kaufman, D, 1997)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is a highly potent inhibitor of the contractile activity of the human nonpregnant myometrium and uterine arteries. "	( Potent inhibition by tamoxifen of spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions of the human myometrium and intramyometrial arteries. Batra, S; Kostrzewska, A; Laudañski, T, 1997)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist that has a proliferative effect on the endometrium."	( Benign and hyperplastic endometrial changes associated with tamoxifen use. Barakat, RR, 1997)	1.26
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal compound with mixed estrogen agonist and antagonist properties."	( Tamoxifen inhibits arterial accumulation of LDL degradation products and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in monkeys. Adams, MR; Golden, DL; Li, Z; Wagner, JD; Williams, JK, 1997)	2.46
"Tamoxifen is a clinically useful estrogen antagonist at or below 10(-6) M concentration. "	( Tamoxifen induces deregulation of [Ca2+] in human breast cancer cells. Jain, PT; Trump, BF, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen appears to be an estrogen agonist concerning cathepsin D regulation, whereas ICI 182,780 is a true antagonist."	( Western immunoblotting and enzymatic activity analysis of cathepsin D in human breast cancer cell lines of different invasive potential. Regulation by 17beta-estradiol, tamoxifen and ICI 182,780. Couissi, D; Dubois, V; Remacle, C; Schonne, E; Trouet, A, 1997)	1.21
"Tamoxifen is a better drug than clomiphene for ovulation induction in women with poor cervical mucus quality."	( Effect of two anti-estrogens, clomiphene citrate and tamoxifen, on cervical mucus and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. Annapurna, V; Dhaliwal, LK; Gopalan, S, )	1.82
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic estrogen analog which may regulate osteogenesis in vivo by virtue of its antiglucocorticoid properties. "	( Tamoxifen attenuates glucocorticoid actions on bone formation in vitro. Binkert, C; Kohno, H; McCulloch, CA; Rotenberg, B; Sukhu, B; Tenenbaum, HC; Zohar, R, 1997)	3.18
"Tamoxifen treatment is a proven therapy for breast cancer that produces a survival advantage when used as an adjuvant, and reduces the incidence of recurrences and controlateral tumor evolution. "	( Acute leukaemia during tamoxifen therapy. Demiroğlu, H; Güllü, I; Tekuzman, G; Yalçin, S, 1997)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug used successfully to reduce recurrences in all stages of breast carcinoma. "	( Endometrial changes with chronic tamoxifen use. Loret de Mola, JR, 1997)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is an effective agent preventing mammary carcinogenesis in rats but causing liver tumours. "	( Idoxifene is equipotent to tamoxifen in inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis but forms lower levels of hepatic DNA adducts. Bliss, J; Coombes, RC; Hewer, A; Jarman, M; Pace, P; Phillips, D, 1997)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist with as yet unexplored effects on vascular function."	( Contrasting effects of conjugated estrogens and tamoxifen on dilator responses of atherosclerotic epicardial coronary arteries in nonhuman primates. Adams, MR; Honoré, EK; Williams, JK, 1997)	1.27
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen widely used for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Neonatal treatment with tamoxifen causes immediate alterations of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and medial preoptic area in male rats. Roessler, ML; Vancutsem, PM, 1997)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been shown to increase the risk of endometrial cancer in women. "	( Identification of tamoxifen-DNA adducts formed by 4-hydroxytamoxifen quinone methide. Beland, FA; Marques, MM, 1997)	2.07
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug widely utilized for the adjuvant hormonal treatment of breast carcinoma. "	( Study of the action of tamoxifen on the mammary gland epithelium of premenopausal patients by lysosome quantification. de Lima, GR; Gebrim, LH; Simões, Mde D; Tanaka, CI, )	1.88
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal estrogen antagonist used mainly in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. "	( [Follow up examination of the endometrium during tamoxifen therapy]. Bacskó, G; Fülöp, B; Jakab, A; Juhász, B; Major, T, 1998)	2
"Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogenic drug which is widely used in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. "	( Body composition measurements using DXA and other techniques in tamoxifen-treated patients. al-Ghorabie, FH; Ali, PA; el-Sharkawi, AM; Evans, CJ; Hancock, DA, )	1.81
"Tamoxifen is a non steroidal antiestrogen drug extensively used in the prevention and treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. "	( Interaction of the anticancer drug tamoxifen with the human erythrocyte membrane and molecular models. Aguilar, F; Hernández, P; Sotomayor, CP; Suwalsky, M; Villena, F, )	1.85
"Tamoxifen is an effective inhibitor of HPCC growth in vitro and warrants further in vivo study."	( Cell cycle regulation of human pancreatic cancer by tamoxifen. Abbruzzese, JL; Chiao, PJ; Evans, DB; Grau, AM; Grimm, EA; Robinson, EK; Smid, CM, 1998)	1.27
"Tamoxifen is a candidate chemopreventive agent in breast cancer, although the drug may be associated with the development of endometrial cancer. "	( Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women. Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study. Boyle, P; Costa, A; Maisonneuve, P; Maltoni, C; Robertson, C; Rotmensz, N; Sacchini, V; Veronesi, U, 1998)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is a highly lipophilic drug that is widely used in breast malignancies and also as a prophylactic therapy in women at high risk for the development of this disease. "	( In vitro percutaneous absorption enhancement of a lipophilic drug tamoxifen by terpenes. Gao, S; Singh, J, 1998)	1.98
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a synthetic, nonsteroidal antiestrogenic agent that is widely prescribed in the treatment of estrogen-dependent neoplasias, including breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition by Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate. Custodio, JB; Moreno, AJ; Wallace, KB, 1998)	3.19
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug commonly used to treat breast cancer and has been shown to cause prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval in humans. "	( The antiestrogen tamoxifen blocks the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr, in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Ebert, SN; Katchman, A; Liu, XK; Woosley, RL, 1998)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene derivate with a predominant antiestrogen activity, used in the endocrine treatment of breast and endometrial cancer. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on steroid hormone receptors and hormone concentration and the results of DNA analysis by flow cytometry in endometrial carcinoma. Babić, D; Dotlić, S; Ilić-Forko, J; Jukić, S; Marusić, M; Nola, M; Petrovecki, M; Skrablin, S; Suchanek, E; Uzarević, B, 1999)	2.14
"Tamoxifen is a liver carcinogen in rats and has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women. "	( Comparison of the DNA adducts formed by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vivo. Beland, FA; Marques, MM; McDaniel, LP, 1999)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen widely used in breast cancer treatment."	( p53 expression in breast and endometrium during estrogen and tamoxifen treatment of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. Cline, JM; Isaksson, E; Skoog, L; Söderqvist, G; von Schoultz, B; von Schoultz, E; Wilking, N, 1999)	1.27
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal anti-oestrogen with gynaecological side-effects. "	( Ovarian cysts in women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer. de Bruijn, HW; de Vries, EG; Hollema, H; Mourits, MJ; Sluiter, WJ; ten Hoor, KA; van der Zee, AG; Willemse, PH, 1999)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen drug which has some estrogen agonist activity on the female genital tract. "	( [Benign endometrial lesions induced by tamoxifen]. De Muylder, X, 1999)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is an agent that can abrogate MDR and potentially enhance the effect of paclitaxel."	( Paclitaxel and tamoxifen: An active regimen for patients with metastatic melanoma. Berd, D; Mastrangelo, MJ; Nathan, FE; Sato, T, 2000)	1.38
"Tamoxifen citrate is an orally administered, nonsteroidal antiestrogen agent that is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and that has recently been found to prevent breast cancer in some high-risk populations. "	( Tamoxifen-induced uterine abnormalities: the role of imaging. Ascher, SM; Imaoka, I; Lage, JM, 2000)	3.19
"Tamoxifen is an important drug for treating breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen for relapse of ovarian cancer. Williams, CJ, 2000)	3.19
"Tamoxifen is an oral anti-estrogen used in the treatment of breast cancer and recently approved to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high risk women. "	( Eye problems in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Clark, LJ; Paganini-Hill, A, 2000)	2
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogenic drug which is used in the treatment of breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disorders. "	( Identification of tamoxifen and metabolites in human male urine by GC/MS. Aboul-Enein, HY; Efstatide, MD; Mihailescu, R, 2000)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is a widely used selective oestrogen receptor modulator in women with breast cancer, which has been shown an agonistic profile in bone."	( Skeletal effects of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Díez, JL, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen is a hepatic genotoxin in rats and mice but a hepatocarcinogen only in rats. "	( Major inter-species differences in the rates of O-sulphonation and O-glucuronylation of alpha-hydroxytamoxifen in vitro: a metabolic disparity protecting human liver from the formation of tamoxifen-DNA adducts. Boocock, DJ; Brown, K; Maggs, JL; Park, BK; White, IN, 2000)	1.97
"Tamoxifen is a mixed antagonist, having both agonist and antagonist properties."	( Nuclear receptor conformation, coregulators, and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Bain, DL; Graham, JD; Horwitz, KB; Jackson, TA; Richer, JK; Tung, L, )	1.11
"Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen used in the treatment of breast cancer and to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high risk women. "	( Preliminary assessment of cognitive function in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Clark, LJ; Paganini-Hill, A, 2000)	1.97
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic non-steroid anti-estrogen that has been used effectively for several years in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. "	( [Tamoxifen and giant endometrial polyps]. Caragliano, L; Caschetto, S; Cassaro, N; Consalvo, P, 2000)	2.66
"Tamoxifen is an important drug for treating breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen for relapse of ovarian cancer. Williams, CJ, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroid estrogenic antagonist, used in post-surgical therapy of breast cancer. "	( [Endometrial adenocarcinoma appearing during tamoxifen therapy. Report of a clinical case]. Corticelli, A; Fulcheri, E; Giannesi, A; Menada, MV; Nicoletti, L; Podesta, M; Rissone, R, 2000)	2.01
"Tamoxifen is an example of a drug-induced increase of serum triglyceride levels."	( Tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia in association with diabetes mellitus. Elisaf, MS; Liberopoulos, EN; Milionis, HJ, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a highly effective selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator used extensively for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen-induced antitumorigenic/antiestrogenic action synergized by a selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator. Calvin, J; McDougal, A; Safe, S; Wormke, M, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogenic drug widely used for adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. "	( Understanding the genotoxicity of tamoxifen? Phillips, DH, 2001)	2.03
"Tamoxifen does not seem to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata and its use for this indication should be discouraged."	( The role of tamoxifen in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata -- a pilot study. Debby, A; Ginath, S; Glezerman, M; Rotmensch, S; Sadan, O; Sofer, D; Zakut, H, 2001)	1.41
"Tamoxifen is a valuable therapeutic agent with applications in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. "	( Control of the estrogen-like actions of the tamoxifen-estrogen receptor complex by the surface amino acid at position 351. Bentrem, DJ; Jordan, VC; Levenson, AS; MacGregor Schafer, JI; Pease, KM, )	1.84
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal anti-estrogenic drug used for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and recently as a chemopreventative agent for breast cancer and, on an investigational basis, for other cancers. "	( Relationships between tamoxifen use, liver fat and body fat distribution in women with breast cancer. Banerji, MA; Gordon, DH; Kral, JG; Nguyen, MC; Stewart, RB, 2001)	2.07
"Tamoxifen (tmx) is a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivative that is predominantly known as a competitive antagonist at the estrogen receptor and is used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Inhibition of glial Na+ and K+ currents by tamoxifen. Smitherman, KA; Sontheimer, H, 2001)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with anti-oestrogenic properties in the breast and oestrogenic effects in tissues such as bone and the cardiovascular system. "	( Tamoxifen, screening and new oestrogen receptor modulators. Neven, P; Vergote, I, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen drug used to treat breast cancer. "	( Biomonitoring of urinary tamoxifen and its metabolites from breast cancer patients using nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry. Carter, SJ; Dovichi, NJ; Hanson, J; Li, XF; Mackey, JR; Modi, S, 2001)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is a potent rat liver carcinogen, currently being used as a long-term chemopreventative for breast cancer in healthy women. "	( Cumulative exposure to tamoxifen: DNA adducts and liver cancer in the rat. Carthew, P; Edwards, RE; Heydon, RT; Lee, PN; Martin, EA; Nolan, BM, 2001)	2.06
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen used in women who have estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha-positive breast cancer. "	( A new antiestrogen, 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol hydrochloride (ERA-923), inhibits the growth of tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant tumors and is devoid of uterotropic effects in mice and rats. Annable, T; Collins, KI; Frost, P; Greenberger, LM; Komm, BS; Lyttle, CR; Miller, CP; Satyaswaroop, PG; Zhang, Y, 2001)	1.95
"Tamoxifen is a mixed estrogen antagonist and agonist. "	( Tamoxifen is an acute, estrogen-like, coronary vasodilator of porcine coronary arteries in vitro. Chatterjee, K; Chou, TM; Hutchison, SJ; Sudhir, K, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen resistance is a serious clinical problem commonly encountered in the management of patients with breast cancer. "	( Genetic events during the transformation of a tamoxifen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line into a drug-resistant clone. Achuthan, R; Bell, SM; Horgan, K; Leek, JP; MacLennan, KA; Markham, AF; Roberts, P; Speirs, V, 2001)	2.01
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a first-line endocrine treatment for all stages of postmenopausal breast cancer. "	( Molecular and pharmacokinetic evaluation of rat hepatic and gastrointestinal cytochrome p450 induction by tamoxifen. Cotreau, MM; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; von Moltke, LL, 2001)	1.97
"Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that produces antiestrogenic actions in the breast but estrogen-like actions in bone and lowers serum cholesterol."	( Chemoprevention with antiestrogens: the beginning of the end for breast cancer. Daniel G. Miller Lecture. Jordan, VC, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen is an effective treatment for breast cancer; however, as well as exerting antagonistic effects on the estrogen receptor (ER), tamoxifen acts as a partial agonists in estrogen-sensitive tissues, resulting in stimulation of the endometrium and tumor growth in some patients who become resistant to treatment.ICI 182, 780 (Faslodex), a steroidal estrogen antagonist, is the first in a new class of agent-an estrogen receptor downregulator. "	( Faslodex (ICI 182, 780), a novel estrogen receptor downregulator--future possibilities in breast cancer. Robertson, JF, 2001)	1.75
"Tamoxifen is a candidate drug for prevention of breast cancer, although findings from trials have not been consistent. "	( Tamoxifen for breast cancer among hysterectomised women. Boyle, P; Maisonneuve, P; Rotmensz, N; Sacchini, V; Veronesi, U, 2002)	3.2
"Tamoxifen is a widely utilized antiestrogen in the treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer. "	( Induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 in primary human hepatocytes and activation of the human pregnane X receptor by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Buckley, AR; Buckley, DJ; Desai, PB; Goodwin, BJ; Moore, LB; Nallani, SC; Sane, RS, 2002)	1.97
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogenic drug that acts by binding to the estrogen receptor. "	( [Toxic hepatitis associated with tamoxifen use. A case report and literature review]. Horga, JF; Lasso De La Vega, MC; Payá, A; Pérez-Mateo, M; Sola-Vera, J; Such, J; Zapater, P, 2002)	2.04
"Tamoxifen is a major drug used for adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer; however, its use has been associated with a small but significant increase in risk of endometrial cancer. "	( Bioactivation of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome p450 enzymes. De Wolf, CJ; Gillam, EM; Lancaster, RG; Notley, LM; Wunsch, RM, 2002)	2.1
"Tamoxifen is a SERM that acts as an oestrogen antagonist in breast tissue and is currently being used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer."	( The search for the ideal SERM. Anthony, M; Arun, B; Dunn, B, 2002)	1.04
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is a well-tolerated compound in the treatment of breast cancer and is primarily considered to act by competition with estrogen receptors (ER). "	( Effects of tamoxifen on human squamous cell carcinoma lines of the head and neck. Balz, V; Bier, H; Bojar, H; Eckel, J; Friebe-Hoffmann, U; Hauser, U; Hoffmann, TK; van Lierop, A, 2002)	2.15
"Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. "	( Genistein inhibits tamoxifen effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest in T47D breast cancer cells. Daley, BJ; Enderson, BL; Jones, JL; Karlstad, MD; Zhou, JR, 2002)	2.09
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER)-antagonist that is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer, although it increases the risk of endometrial cancer. "	( Estrogen receptor-mediated effects of tamoxifen on human endometrial cancer cells. Ayabe, T; Eguchi, H; Hayashi, S; Mori, H; Omoto, Y; Sakamoto, T, 2002)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic nonsteroidal drug with antiestrogenic properties. "	( Therapeutic use of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: correlation with biochemical parameters. Beazley, RW; Hoth, D; Lippman, M; Macdonald, J; Morgan, LR; Posey, LE; Schein, PS; Woolley, PV, 1976)	2.03
"Tamoxifen 1 is a triphenylethlene oestrogen antagonist which has partial oestrogen agonist activity in some species. "	( Tamoxifen: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the treatment of breast cancer. Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1978)	3.14
"Tamoxifen is a specific estrogen antagonist used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Ocular assessment of patients treated with tamoxifen. Beck, M; Mills, PV, )	1.84
"Tamoxifen is a useful agent for advanced breast cancer even in some patients with visceral disease."	( Phase-II trial of tamoxifen in advanced breat cancer. Green, L; Hoth, D; Macdonald, JS; Schein, PS; Smythe, T; Wiggans, RG; Woolley, PV, 1979)	1.31
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen employed frequently in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer. Cohen, CJ; Deligdisch, L; Dottino, PR; Segna, RA, 1992)	3.17
"Tamoxifen is a modifier of MDR, a role that warrants further clinical studies."	( Intermittent high-dose tamoxifen as a potential modifier of multidrug resistance. Cantwell, BM; Carmichael, J; Harris, AL; Lien, EA; Millward, MJ, 1992)	1.32
"Tamoxifen citrate is an estrogen agonist/antagonist which protects the skeleton from osteopenia when ovarian hormones are depleted."	( Tamoxifen in the rat prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss elicited with the LHRH agonist buserelin. Feng, W; Gold, E; Goulding, A, 1992)	2.45
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that has found successful applications for each stage of breast cancer in the treatment of selected patients. "	( The role of tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Jordan, VC, )	1.95
"Tamoxifen is a well-tolerated palliative and adjuvant treatment for human breast cancer and requires continuous, long-term administration for optimal therapeutic effectiveness. "	( Tumor promotion as a target for estrogen/antiestrogen effects in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Dragan, YP; Pitot, HC; Xu, YD, 1991)	1.72
"Tamoxifen is an important agent for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Endometrial carcinoma in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. Bardazzi, N; Citernesi, A; Curiel, P; Fontanarosa, M; Spinelli, G, 1991)	2.03
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen which has been reported by various investigators to have estrogen agonist and antagonist effects on rat bone. "	( Dose-dependent effects of tamoxifen on long bones in growing rats: influence of ovarian status. Moon, LY; Turner, RT; Wakley, GK, 1991)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal compound that has mixed agonist/antagonist actions in several biological models, but is commonly referred to as an 'antiestrogen'."	( Effects of estrogen and tamoxifen on serum osteocalcin levels in ovariectomized rats. Black, LJ; Paul, DC; Williams, DC, 1991)	1.31
"Tamoxifen is a practical primary therapy of breast cancer in elderly and frail women obviating the need for surgery in a high proportion of cases."	( A 10-year experience of tamoxifen as primary treatment of breast cancer in 100 elderly and frail patients. Akhtar, SS; Allan, SG; Chetty, UD; Leonard, RC; Rodger, A; Smyth, JF, 1991)	1.31
"Tamoxifen is a widely used drug in medical oncology, mainly for treatment of breast cancer, but also for second line treatment of endometrial cancer. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on the female genital tract. Fornander, T; Rutqvist, LE; Wilking, N, 1991)	2.11
"Tamoxifen (ICI46,474) is a competitive inhibitor of estrogen action which has found ubiquitous application in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 1990)	2.05
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen that advances sexual puberty in cockerels, turkey toms, and Muscovy drakes. "	( The effect of tamoxifen on semen fertilization capacity in White Leghorn male chicks. Arnon, E; Robinzon, B; Rozenboim, I; Snapir, N, 1990)	2.08
"Tamoxifen is a preferred agent for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Ocular toxicity of tamoxifen. Gerner, EW, 1989)	2.05
"Tamoxifen is a synthetic anti-oestrogen of low toxicity with proven anti-proliferative activity in endocrine sensitive breast cancer which makes it an attractive alternative for a trial of endocrine prevention."	( Chemoprevention of breast cancer. Ashley, SE; Cosgrove, D; Davey, JB; Dowsett, M; Hardy, JR; McKinna, A; Nash, AG; Powles, TJ; Rundle, SK; Sinnett, HD, 1989)	1
"Tamoxifen is a well known and widely used drug."	( The significance of estrogen receptors in tamoxifen and toremifene therapy. Kangas, L; Valavaara, R, 1988)	1.26
"Tamoxifen is an effective therapy for advanced breast cancer and is well tolerated. "	( Anti-oestrogens in the treatment of breast and gynaecological cancers. Furr, BJ, 1988)	1.72
"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen whose mode of action is, as yet, unclear. "	( Effect of tamoxifen on ultrastructure of endometrial carcinoma. Amano, N; Kato, J; Ochiai, K; Terashima, Y; Tohtake, T, 1987)	2.12
"Tamoxifen is an incomplete estrogen antagonist with partial estrogen agonist activity as well."	( Response of advanced breast cancer to total endocrine ablation after exacerbation on tamoxifen: results in seven patients and possible mechanism of action. Fletcher, WS; Hartley, JW; Wong, J, 1987)	1.22
"Tamoxifen, which is a partial estrogen-agonist, did not alter tumor incidence, but it did reduce the total tumor burden under these same experimental conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( The interaction of dietary fat and antiestrogen treatment on DMBA-induced mammary tumors in the rat. Brueggemann, G; King, MM; Magarian, RA; Pento, JT, 1985)	0.99
"Tamoxifen is a potent anti-estrogen in the chicken oviduct [Sutherland, R., Mester, J., & Baulieu, E.E. "	( Nuclear synthesis of egg white protein messenger ribonucleic acids in chick oviduct: effects of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen on estrogen-, progesterone-, and dexamethasone-induced synthesis. Baulieu, EE; Cadepond-Vincent, F; Schweizer, G, 1985)	1.92
"Tamoxifen is an estrogen agonist in mouse uterus, a partial estrogen agonist/antagonist in rat uterus, and a pure estrogen antagonist in chicken oviduct. "	( Metabolism of tamoxifen and its uterotrophic activity. Jordan, VC; Lyman, SD, 1985)	2.07

Effects

Tamoxifen has a good tolerability profile and has demonstrated benefits for breast cancer patients. It prolongs overall and disease-free survival and reduces the incidence of contralateral breast cancer. TamoxifEN has a beneficial effect on bone density presumably through its estrogen agonistic effects.

Tamoxifen has been used for a long time as an adjuvant hormonal treatment in breast cancer patients. It has been shown to be a potent liver carcinogen in rats. Concerns about its long-term safety and efficacy are being raised.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tamoxifen has a cytostatic effect on β-cells, independent of changes in glucose homeostasis, in mixed genetic background and also in C57Bl6 mice."	( Tamoxifen suppresses pancreatic β-cell proliferation in mice. Ahn, SH; Cox, AR; Granger, A; Kushner, JA; Lam, CJ; Rankin, MM, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen has a wide inter-variability. "	( Genetic polymorphisms of 3'-untranslated region of SULT1A1 and their impact on tamoxifen metabolism and efficacy. Dezentjé, VO; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Moes, DJAR; Sanchez-Spitman, AB; Swen, JJ, 2018)	2.15
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has a broad spectrum of anticancer activity, but is limited in clinical application. "	( pH-responsive drug delivery of chitosan nanoparticles as Tamoxifen carriers for effective anti-tumor activity in breast cancer cells. Kannan, S; Nipun Babu, V; Subramanian, KS; Thangam, R; Vivek, R, 2013)	2.08
"Tamoxifen has a remarkable impact on the outcome of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Hormonal therapy for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer is associated with higher disease-specific mortality. Bouchardy, C; Castiglione, M; Chappuis, PO; Fioretta, G; Merglen, A; Neyroud-Caspar, I; Rapiti, E; Verkooijen, HM; Vinh-Hung, V; Vlastos, G, 2009)	1.8
"Tamoxifen has a key role in the management of women with hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen, cytochrome P450 genes and breast cancer clinical outcomes. Francis, PA; Michael, M; Singh, MS, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen has a boneprotective effect when applied before exemestane treatment. "	( Compliance, analgesic use and side-effect protection within a German cohort of the TEAM trial. Becker, M; Bossart, M; Hadji, P; Hasenburg, A; Kieback, DG, 2012)	1.82
"Tamoxifen has a good tolerability profile and moreover, unlike many other endocrine therapies, it is efficacious in both pre- and postmenopausal women."	( Tamoxifen ("Nolvadex"): a review. Clemons, M; Danson, S; Howell, A, 2002)	2.48
"Tamoxifene has an atrophic effect but sometimes may induce an estrogenic stimulation of the endometrial mucosa through the alpha and beta estrogenic receptors."	( [Effect of estrogens and antiestrogens on the endometrium]. Bergeron, C, 2002)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has a valuable role as neo-adjuvant treatment in terms of breast conservation and survival."	( Neo adjuvant Tamoxifen in post menopausal patients with operable breast cancer. Asselain, B; Campana, F; Clough, KB; Languille, O; Magdalenat, H; Remvikos, Y; Salmon, RJ, 2003)	1.41
"Tamoxifen has an antagonistic effect on the endometrium in premenopausal women and is associated with hot flushes and impaired sexual functioning."	( [The effects of tamoxifen on the female genital tract]. de Vries, EG; Hollema, H; Mourits, MJ; van der Zee, AG; Willemse, PH, 2003)	1.39
"Tamoxifen has a significant affect on hormone receptor expression and markers of apoptosis in endometrial polyps. "	( Does tamoxifen therapy affect the hormone receptor expression and cell proliferation indices of endometrial polyps? An immunohistochemical comparison of endometrial polyps from postmenopausal women exposed and not exposed to tamoxifen. Duffy, SR; McGurgan, P; O'Donovan, PJ; Taylor, LJ, 2006)	2.29
"Tamoxifen has a lowering effect on serum lipids and is reported to decrease the risk of myocardial infarction but to increase the risk of thromboembolic events."	( Cardiovascular health and aromatase inhibitors. Abramson, BL; Pritchard, KI, 2006)	1.06
"Tamoxifen treatment has a potential to stimulate the cell proliferation of endometrial glands and corpus luteum in tamoxifen-treated rats."	( Immunohistochemical evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in ovaries and uterus of tamoxifen-treated rats. Akman, L; Cirpan, T; Kanit, L; Terek, MC; Ulukus, EC; Ulukus, M, )	1.07
"Tamoxifen has a similar effect but to a much lesser extent than estradiol."	( Anti-estrogens in fetal and newborn target tissues. Gulino, A; Pasqualini, JR; Screpanti, I; Sumida, C, 1984)	0.99
"Tamoxifen has a well established place in the adjuvant therapy of primary carcinoma of the breast. "	( Hormonal manipulation and gynaecological cancer: the tamoxifen dilemma. Ross, D; Whitehead, M, 1995)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has an estrogen-like influence on the skeletal and cardiovascular systems, resulting in decreases in both postmenopausal bone loss and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels."	( A risk-benefit assessment of tamoxifen therapy. Catherino, WH; Jordan, VC, 1993)	1.3
"Tamoxifen has a wide range of systemic effects, possibly acting on every estrogen target tissue in the body."	( Tamoxifen in postmenopausal women a safety perspective. Kimmick, GG; Muss, HB; Robinson, E, 1996)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has a particularly valuable role in developing countries in which the incidence of breast cancer is increasing as the average age of the population increases and in which control is substantially more difficult with mass mammography screening."	( The control of breast cancer: the role of tamoxifen. Forbes, JF, 1997)	1.28
"Tamoxifen has a good tolerability profile and has demonstrated benefits for breast cancer patients in prolonging overall and disease-free survival and reducing the incidence of contralateral breast cancer."	( Risks and benefits of tamoxifen therapy. Assikis, VJ; Jordan, VC, 1997)	1.33
"Tamoxifen has a beneficial effect on bone density presumably through its estrogen agonistic effects."	( Tamoxifen effects on menopause--associated risk factors and symptoms. Benshushan, A; Brzezinski, A, 1999)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has a new role in chemoprevention in patients at high risk of breast cancer."	( New drugs in breast cancer. Iqbal, S; Miller, WR, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has a complex effect on the female reproductive tract and several tamoxifen-associated changes have been described among tamoxifen users."	( Tamoxifen and the female reproductive tract. Eltabbakh, GH; Mount, SL, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has an antiestrogenic action when opposed to 20 microgram of estradiol : this action is limited as soon as you give a dosis of 50 microgram on the uterus and it is nearly total with a dose of 1 mg ; we can notice it on the vaginal only from 200 microgram on."	( [Action of an antiestrogen agent, tamoxifen on the uterus and vagina of the ovariectomized rat]. Marois, G; Marois, M, 1977)	1.26
"(1) Tamoxifen has an E2 agonistic effect on histologically normal human endometrium. "	( Tamoxifen increases plasma estrogen-binding equivalents and has an estradiol agonistic effect on histologically normal premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrium. Beery, R; Geier, A; Gorodeski, GI; Lunenfeld, B, 1992)	2.28
"Tamoxifen also has a potential role in other hormone-sensitive malignancies such as pancreatic carcinoma, and in treatment of benign breast disease."	( Tamoxifen. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use. Buckley, MM; Goa, KL, 1989)	2.44
"Tamoxifen has a 20-100-fold lower affinity than estradiol for the estrogen receptor."	( Effects of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the pNR-1 and pNR-2 estrogen-regulated RNAs in human breast cancer cells. May, FE; Westley, BR, 1987)	1.38
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has a lower affinity to ER compared with one of its main metabolites, 4-OH-TAM."	( Antiestrogen binding sites in human breast cancer biopsies. Measurement ligand-specificity and affinity, and correlation to estrogen and progesterone receptors. Borg, A; Fernö, M, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has been shown to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in an ERα-independent manner; therefore, we investigated its effects on the MAPK-mediated non-canonical activation of EphA2, a critical event regulating cell migration."	( RSK-Mediated Non-canonical Activation of EphA2 by Tamoxifen. Noguchi, M; Sakurai, H; Takahashi, JI; Tomihara, K; Yokoyama, S; Yonehara, K; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.7
"Tamoxifen has been associated with a plethora of ophthalmic adverse events, including macular holes, some of which are partial thickness subfoveal holes. "	( Partial thickness subfoveal hole in a patient treated with tamoxifen: a case report and review of the literature. Mantopoulos, D; Sanchez, G; Sohn, A, 2022)	2.41
"Tamoxifen has been reported to cause pyometra in intact female dogs."	( Stump pyometra in a spayed female dog secondary to tamoxifen. Carvajal, J; Ehrhardt, C; Ham, K; Harris, AN; Odunayo, A; Pascutti, K, 2023)	1.88
"Tamoxifen has been proven to be the first-line chemotherapy for several solid tumors in clinics, however, its therapeutic role in NAFLD has never been elucidated before."	( Short-term tamoxifen administration improves hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance through JNK/MAPK in mice. Ding, J; Dou, K; Duan, J; Fang, Z; Li, Z; Liu, J; Ruan, B; Song, P; Wang, L; Xu, C; Xu, H, 2023)	2.02
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has proven to be a therapeutic breakthrough to reduce mortality and recurrence in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. "	( ROS Generative Black Phosphorus-Tamoxifen Nanosheets for Targeted Endocrine-Sonodynamic Synergistic Breast Cancer Therapy. Chen, W; Du, W; Hu, Y; Ilmer, M; Ma, X; Song, L; Wang, J; Zhang, H, 2023)	2.64
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has been the first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer since its FDA-approval in 1998. "	( BRK confers tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer via regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK1. Baharani, A; Lukong, KE; Mandapati, A; Ning, Z, 2023)	2.73
"Tamoxifen has not been assessed as a primary prevention agent in women with an inherited BRCA mutation."	( Tamoxifen and the risk of breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Aeilts, A; Bordeleau, L; Cullinane, CA; Eisen, A; Eng, C; Foulkes, WD; Fruscio, R; Gronwald, J; Huzarski, T; Karlan, B; Kotsopoulos, J; Lubinski, J; Metcalfe, K; Narod, SA; Neuhausen, SL; Olopade, O; Pal, T; Randall Armel, S; Singer, CF; Sun, P; Tung, N, 2023)	3.07
"Tamoxifen has been tried successfully in adolescents with gynecomastia."	( Gynecomastia. Ayyavoo, A, 2023)	1.63
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has long been a top treatment option for breast cancer patients, but the challenge of eliminating cancer recurrence remains. "	( ELOVL2-AS1 suppresses tamoxifen resistance by sponging miR-1233-3p in breast cancer. Baek, M; Jang, S; Jung, S; Kim, HW; Kim, SJ; Kwak, BS; Lee, H; Yang, SH, 2023)	2.67
"Tamoxifen has been considered as the gold line therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen and Sulphoraphane for the breast cancer management: A synergistic nanomedicine approach. Kohli, K; Mangla, B; Neupane, YR; Singh, A, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen has a cytostatic effect on β-cells, independent of changes in glucose homeostasis, in mixed genetic background and also in C57Bl6 mice."	( Tamoxifen suppresses pancreatic β-cell proliferation in mice. Ahn, SH; Cox, AR; Granger, A; Kushner, JA; Lam, CJ; Rankin, MM, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen has been clinically used in treating estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer for over 30 years. "	( Elevated Hexokinase II Expression Confers Acquired Resistance to 4-Hydroxytamoxifen in Breast Cancer Cells. Dai, X; Huang, M; Li, L; Liu, X; Miao, W; Wang, Y, 2019)	2.19
"Tamoxifen has been the first-line adjuvant endocrine therapy in pre- and postmenopausal patients with ER + breast cancer for two decades."	( Synergistic Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Local Probiotic Lactobacillus Brevis Isolated from Regional Dairy Products in Combination with Tamoxifen. Akbari, N; Mirfazli, SS; Montazeri, H; Nasiri, Z; Tarighi, P, 2021)	1.54
"Tamoxifen has been demonstrated to reduce breast cancer risk in high-risk, premenopausal women. "	( Finding the five-year window: A qualitative study examining young women's decision-making and experience of using tamoxifen to reduce BRCA1/2 breast cancer risk. Forbes Shepherd, R; Forrest, LE; James, PA; Keogh, LA; Young, MA, 2021)	2.27
"Tamoxifen has been used for years for treating estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer; drug resistance, however, constitutes one of the main challenges for this therapy. "	( ATF3 Modulates the Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen through an Chen, Q; Dai, X; Li, L; Liu, X; Wang, Y; Yuan, J; Zhang, X, 2021)	2.31
"Tamoxifen (TAM) therapy has been associated with fatty liver diseases. "	( Luteolin mitigates tamoxifen-associated fatty liver and cognitive impairment in rats by modulating beta-catenin. El-Asfar, RK; El-Demerdash, E; El-Derany, MO; El-Mesallamy, HO; Sallam, AM; Sayed, SA; Wahdan, SA, 2021)	2.39
"Tamoxifen use has been associated with a variety of gynecologic problems."	( Utilization of gynecologic services in women with breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy. Accordino, M; Ananth, CV; Burke, WM; Chen, L; Desai, VB; Hershman, DL; Hou, JY; Neugut, AI; Tergas, AI; Wright, JD, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen has played a vital role in endocrine therapy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( The Effect of Tamoxifen on Thin Endometrium in Patients Undergoing Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer. Chen, ZJ; Jiang, J; Ke, H; Qin, Y; Tang, R; Xia, M, 2018)	2.28
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been used in the treatment of breast cancers and is supplemented with erythropoietin (EPO) to alleviate the cancer-related anemia. "	( Development of erythropoietin receptor-targeted drug delivery system against breast cancer using tamoxifen-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Beh, CY; Foo, JB; Foong, JN; How, CW; Rasedee, A; Selvarajah, GT, 2017)	2.12
"Tamoxifen has been reported to be associated with antagonism of estrogen-mediated cell growth signaling and activation of estrogen receptor-independent apoptosis events. "	( Pyruvate kinase M2 interacts with mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and inhibits tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Chen, T; Guo, B; Huang, L; Huang, Y; Ji, F; Jiang, Y; Jin, Q; Liu, Y; Su, M; Wang, N; Wei, L; Yang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhong, C, 2017)	2.12
"Tamoxifen has been used in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and has been shown to successfully reduce both recurrence and mortality. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on urinary incontinence: Case report and review of literature. Altundag, K; Hasanov, E; Hasanov, M; Hasanov, R; Jonasch, E; Kuria, IM; Rzazade, R, 2017)	2.29
"Tamoxifen has extraordinarily complex pharmacokinetics, with more than a dozen drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters involved in its disposition."	( The Underrated Risks of Tamoxifen Drug Interactions. Hansten, PD, 2018)	1.51
"Tamoxifen has been reported to ameliorate LPS-induced ALF via the induction of monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated 2 (Mmd-2)."	( Tamoxifen Prevents D-galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Acute Hepatic Failure through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Mmd-2 Upregulation. Cao, P; Gong, X; Lin, Y; Liu, L; Luo, M; Wu, T; Yang, Q; Zhou, L, 2018)	2.64
"Tamoxifen (Tamo) has been clinically proven effective in a series of fibrotic diseases, such as PD-associated encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), but the mechanisms underlying Tamoxifen's protective effects are yet to be defined."	( Tamoxifen attenuates dialysate-induced peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting GSK-3β/β-catenin axis activation. Chen, X; Deng, H; Huang, H; Ji, S; Jin, W; Shen, J; Shen, Q; Tang, H; Yan, P; Zhang, J; Zhao, X, 2018)	2.64
"Tamoxifen has a wide inter-variability. "	( Genetic polymorphisms of 3'-untranslated region of SULT1A1 and their impact on tamoxifen metabolism and efficacy. Dezentjé, VO; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Moes, DJAR; Sanchez-Spitman, AB; Swen, JJ, 2018)	2.15
"Tamoxifen has been used for many years to treat estrogen-positive breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen mechanically reprograms the tumor microenvironment via HIF-1A and reduces cancer cell survival. Cortes, E; Del Río Hernández, AE; Iwamoto, K; Lachowski, D; Lee, DA; Lieberthal, TJ; Okada-Hatakeyama, M; Robinson, B; Sarper, M; Teppo, JS; Thorpe, SD; Varjosalo, MT, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen has been used for many years to target estrogen receptor signalling in breast cancer cells. "	( Tamoxifen mechanically deactivates hepatic stellate cells via the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Cortes, E; Del Río Hernández, AE; Ghemtio, L; Lachowski, D; Lee, DA; Rice, A; Robinson, B; Rombouts, K; Thorpe, SD; Yeldag, G, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen has been used for over 40 years to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers during both early stages of the disease and in the adjuvant setting."	( Anticancer Drug Tamoxifen Affects Catecholamine Transmitter Release and Storage from Single Cells. Ewing, AG; Larsson, A; Taleat, Z, 2019)	1.58
"Tamoxifen has also shown a significant recurrence benefit and has become standard in the treatment of receptor-positive disease."	( Ductal carcinoma in situ. Bleicher, RJ, 2013)	1.11
"Tamoxifen has been used in patients with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, yet resistance to antiestrogens and recurrence will appear in some of the patients after its continued use."	( 4-Hydroxytamoxifen-stimulated processing of cyclin E is mediated via G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and accompanied by enhanced migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Chen, Y; Lei, TW; Li, Y; Liu, XH; Wan, L; Wang, XD; Yang, L; Zhu, ZX, 2013)	1.53
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has a broad spectrum of anticancer activity, but is limited in clinical application. "	( pH-responsive drug delivery of chitosan nanoparticles as Tamoxifen carriers for effective anti-tumor activity in breast cancer cells. Kannan, S; Nipun Babu, V; Subramanian, KS; Thangam, R; Vivek, R, 2013)	2.08
"Tamoxifen use has been associated with the development of vaginal myofibroblastoma."	( Vaginal myofibroblastoma with prostatic glands: is there an association with tamoxifen use? A case report. Cao, QJ; Harmanli, O; Jones, KA; Lorange, E, )	1.08
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has both cytostatic and cytotoxic properties for breast cancer."	( Vitamin C suppresses cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells induced by tamoxifen. Alitheen, NB; Aziz, SA; Ho, CL; Ho, WY; Omar, AR; Rahman, NM; Subramani, T; Yeap, SK, 2014)	1.35
"Tamoxifen has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of tumour recurrence in women with receptor positive breast cancer and has been used for chemoprevention in women with both non-invasive cancer and those with a high risk of developing breast cancer. "	( Uterine sarcoma after tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. O'Sullivan, R; Samuji, M; Shireen, R, 2013)	2.15
"Tamoxifen has dramatically reduced the recurrence and mortality rate of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. "	( Hot flashes are not predictive for serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites. Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Jager, NG; Koornstra, RH; Korse, TM; Linn, SC; Schellens, JH; van Schaik, RH; Vincent, AD, 2013)	2.08
"Tamoxifen has biologically active metabolites: 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) and endoxifen. "	( Influence of the length and positioning of the antiestrogenic side chain of endoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on gene activation and growth of estrogen receptor positive cancer cells. Curpan, RF; Fernandes, DJ; Jordan, VC; Maximov, PY; McDaniel, RE; Myers, CB, 2014)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has anti-oestrogenic and anti-tumour activity in the breast, but is oestrogenic and carcinogenic in the endometrium. "	( MGMT promoter hypermethylation and K-RAS, PTEN and TP53 mutations in tamoxifen-exposed and non-exposed endometrial cancer cases. Gajjar, KB; Martin, FL; Martin-Hirsch, PL; Nagy, E; Patel, II; Phillips, DH; Stringfellow, HF; Taylor, S, 2014)	2.08
"Tamoxifen has been a frontline treatment for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast tumors in premenopausal women. "	( An epigenomic approach to therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Bradner, J; Coarfa, C; Creighton, CJ; Feng, Q; Fu, X; He, B; Hilsenbeck, SG; Lanz, R; Mitsiades, CS; Mitsiades, N; Nardone, A; O'Malley, BW; Osborne, CK; Schiff, R; Shea, MJ; Song, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, Z, 2014)	2.12
"Tamoxifen has long been used and still is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for treatment of both early and advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopause women. "	( Combination treatment of tamoxifen with risperidone in breast cancer. Chen, DR; Lin, HY; Wu, HM; Yeh, WL, 2014)	2.15
"Tamoxifen has been used as an anti-estrogen for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by modulation of estrogen receptor α-mediated transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Jung, YJ; Kang, KP; Kim, D; Kim, W; Lee, AS; Lee, S; Park, SK; Yang, KH, 2014)	2.57
"Tamoxifen has been used either alone or in- combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to treat melanoma."	( Cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin augments tamoxifen induced cell death by enhancing its uptake in melanoma. Bhat, MK; Chaube, B; Kulkarni, MJ; Malvi, P; Meena, AS; Mohammad, N; Singh, SV; Vannuruswamy, G, 2014)	1.37
"Tamoxifen has been US Food and Drug Administration-approved for primary prevention of breast cancer since 1998 but has not been widely adopted, in part because of increased risk of serious side effects. "	( Risk-benefit profiles of women using tamoxifen for chemoprevention. DeRoo, LA; Nichols, HB; Sandler, DP; Scharf, DR, 2015)	2.13
"Tamoxifen also has pleiotropic and side effects."	( Tamoxifen induces the development of hernia in mice by activating MMP-2 and MMP-13 expression. Chen, Y; Duan, Y; Han, J; Li, X; Liu, M; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Wang, Q; Wei, Y; Xiang, R, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen has been used not only for the treatment or prevention of recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancers but also for recurrent breast cancer. "	( Pharmacogenomics toward personalized tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. Zembutsu, H, 2015)	2.13
"Tamoxifen may have been previously overestimated as a microvascular thrombotic risk factor. "	( Tamoxifen (selective estrogen-receptor modulators) and aromatase inhibitors as potential perioperative thrombotic risk factors in free flap breast reconstruction. Fischer, JP; Kanchwala, S; Kovach, SJ; Mirzabeigi, MN; Nelson, JA; Serletti, JM; Wu, LC, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen has been the basis of endocrine therapy for patients with ER(+) breast cancer for more than three decades."	( Factors Promoting Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer via Stimulating Breast Cancer Stem Cell Expansion. Bane, A; Lin, X; Liu, Y; Ojo, D; Tang, D; Wang, E; Wei, F; Wong, N; Zhang, H, 2015)	1.47
"Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and in women who are at an increased risk of breast cancer. "	( Sensitization of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines to 4-hydroxytamoxifen by isothiocyanates present in cruciferous plants. Herman-Antosiewicz, A; Pawlik, A; Słomińska-Wojewódzka, M, 2016)	2.1
"Tamoxifen has been reported to inhibit growth and induce cell death of glioma cells in vitro, in an estrogen-receptor-independent manner."	( Tamoxifen-Induced Cell Death of Malignant Glioma Cells Is Brought About by Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Alterations in the Expression of BCL2 Family Members and Is Enhanced on miR-21 Inhibition. Harmalkar, M; Kazi, S; Shirsat, NV; Upraity, S, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be particularly effective in preventing subsequent breast cancer in women with AH, with a more than 70% reduction in the P1 trial and a 60% reduction in IBIS-I."	( Impact of preventive therapy on the risk of breast cancer among women with benign breast disease. Cuzick, J; Sestak, I; Thorat, MA, 2015)	1.14
"Tamoxifen (TX) has been extensively used as a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, although its neuroendocrine effects remain poorly understood."	( Hypothalamic Effects of Tamoxifen on Oestrogen Regulation of Luteinising Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Female Rats. Aquino, NS; Araujo-Lopes, R; Batista, IA; Franci, CR; Henriques, PC; Poletini, MO; Reis, AM; Szawka, RE, 2016)	1.46
"Tamoxifen for 5 years has been traditionally considered the standard endocrine therapy for premenopausal patients and this is still valid for many patients."	( New insights on the role of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. Del Mastro, L; Lambertini, M; Poggio, F; Pronzato, P; Rossi, G, 2016)	1.16
"Tamoxifen has shown great success in the treatment of breast cancer; however, long-term treatment can lead to acquired tamoxifen (TOT) resistance and relapse. "	( OCT-4: a novel estrogen receptor-α collaborator that promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Bhatt, S; Joshi, S; Katzenellenbogen, BS; Stender, JD; Wu, G, 2016)	2.12
"Tamoxifen has been widely used to treat breast cancer as an endocrine therapy. "	( Tamoxifen has a proliferative effect in endometrial carcinoma mediated via the GPER/EGFR/ERK/cyclin D1 pathway: A retrospective study and an in vitro study. Lan, L; Li, Y; Liu, R; Qu, Q; Wen, K; Wu, Y; Zhang, L, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen has demonstrated some efficacy has a therapeutic for bipolar mania and is believed to exert these effects through inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)."	( Tamoxifen and amphetamine abuse: Are there therapeutic possibilities? Gnegy, ME; Mardirossian, N; Mikelman, S, 2017)	2.62
"Tamoxifen has been successfully used for treating breast cancer and preventing cancer recurrence. "	( National Prociency Testing Result of CYP2D6*10 Genotyping for Adjuvant Tamoxifen Therapy in China. Han, Y; Li, J; Lin, G; Xie, J; Yi, L; Zhang, K, 2016)	2.11
"Tamoxifen has been used to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer. "	( Feature of amenorrhea in postoperative tamoxifen users with breast cancer. Choi, YM; Han, W; Kim, H; Kim, SH; Ku, SY; Suh, CS, 2017)	2.17
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and its combination with other therapies is being actively investigated as a way to increase efficacy and decrease side effects. "	( BreastDefend enhances effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Alvarado, M; Castillo, V; Cheng, S; Eliaz, I; Sandusky, GE; Sliva, D; Temm, CJ; Welty, M, 2017)	2.18
"Tamoxifen has been used as an antiestrogen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer for many years."	( Tamoxifen is effective in the treatment of Leishmania amazonensis infections in mice. Miguel, DC; Uliana, SR; Yokoyama-Yasunaka, JK, 2008)	2.51
"Tamoxifen has been reported to be oestrogenic on the lower genital tract. "	( Ovulation induction with tamoxifen and alternate-day gonadotrophin in patients with thin endometrium. Chen, CK; Horng, SG; Huang, HY; Lee, CL; Soong, YK; Wang, CW; Wang, HS, 2008)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has efficacy as a breast cancer therapy and chemoprevention agent. "	( Methylseleninic acid synergizes with tamoxifen to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Carrier, L; Li, Z; Rowan, BG, 2008)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has been the mainstay adjuvant hormonal treatment for breast cancer for many years. "	( Impaired tamoxifen metabolism reduces survival in familial breast cancer patients. Evans, DG; Hadfield, KD; Howell, S; Lalloo, F; Latif, A; McHague, C; Newman, WG; Roberts, SA; Shenton, A, 2008)	2.21
"Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Survivin plays as a resistant factor against tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Kobayashi, D; Moriai, M; Moriai, R; Tsuji, N; Watanabe, N, 2009)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has been used in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). "	( Tamoxifen inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 via down-regulation of survivin expression. Ge, H; Guo, R; Huang, Z; Jin, S; Shu, Y, 2009)	3.24
"Tamoxifen has a remarkable impact on the outcome of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. "	( Hormonal therapy for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer is associated with higher disease-specific mortality. Bouchardy, C; Castiglione, M; Chappuis, PO; Fioretta, G; Merglen, A; Neyroud-Caspar, I; Rapiti, E; Verkooijen, HM; Vinh-Hung, V; Vlastos, G, 2009)	1.8
"Tamoxifen has been used as adjuvant hormonal therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer for over 30 years and is also widely used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. "	( Clinical significance of CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. Gaston, C; Kolesar, J, 2008)	2.04
"Tamoxifen has been the most important therapeutic agent for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer for the past three decades. "	( The tamoxifen metabolite, endoxifen, is a potent antiestrogen that targets estrogen receptor alpha for degradation in breast cancer cells. Goetz, MP; Hawse, JR; Ingle, JN; Spelsberg, TC; Subramaniam, M; Wu, X, 2009)	2.35
"Tamoxifen has been suggested to produce beneficial cardiovascular effects, although the mechanisms for these effects are not fully known. "	( Assessment of vascular effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on the rat perfused hindquarter vascular bed. Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Gomes, VA; Montenegro, MF; Pessa, LR; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2009)	2.07
"Tamoxifen has been found to be neuroprotective in both transient and permanent experimental ischemic stroke. "	( Tamoxifen attenuates inflammatory-mediated damage and improves functional outcome after spinal cord injury in rats. Liu, JL; Pan, DJ; Qu, WS; Tang, ZP; Tian, DS; Wang, W; Xie, MJ; Yu, ZY; Zhan, Y, 2009)	3.24
"Tamoxifen has been the standard of adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer for years, however only about half of relapses are prevented and there is an early occurrence of serious adverse events due to agonistic estrogenic activity of tamoxifen, such as an increase in the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and venous thromboembolism."	( [Adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Management of early-risk relapse]. Atallah, D; Chahine, G; Howayek, M, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has also shown significant potential in treating various dermatological disorders including psoriasis, characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes."	( Tamoxifen-encapsulated vesicular systems: cytotoxicity evaluation in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. Bhatia, A; Bhushan, S; Katare, OP; Singh, B, 2010)	2.52
"Tamoxifen has been the standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for both pre- and post-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer and remains the standard of care for premenopausal women."	( Optimal adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer. Davis, A; Stuart-Harris, R, 2010)	1.08
"Tamoxifen has been a very effective treatment for breast cancer for several decades, however, at the same time increases the risk of endometrial cancer, especially after prolonged exposure. "	( Genomic profile of endometrial tumors depends on morphological subtype, not on tamoxifen exposure. de Leeuw-Mantel, G; Fles, R; Hollema, H; Hoogendoorn, WE; Mourits, MJ; Nederlof, PM; Platteel, I; Scheerman, CE; van Boven, HH; van Leeuwen, FE, 2010)	2.03
"Tamoxifen use has been associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events (TEs) in women with breast cancer and women at high risk for the disease. "	( Factor V Leiden mutation and thromboembolism risk in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer. Archer, L; Atkins, JN; Berliner, N; Dressler, L; Edge, S; Garber, JE; Halabi, S; Kaplan, E; Kimmick, G; Levine, E; Orcutt, J; Paskett, ED; Paskett, EM; Scalzo, A; Shahab, N; Shapiro, CL; Tolaney, SM; Winer, E, 2010)	2.03
"Tamoxifen has been the standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer."	( Clinical practice decisions in endocrine therapy. Thomssen, C; Untch, M, 2010)	1.08
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be a potent neuroprotectant against stroke in rodents. "	( Tamoxifen as an effective neuroprotectant in an endovascular canine model of stroke. Boulos, AS; Dalfino, JC; Deshaies, EM; Drazin, D; Feustel, PJ; Popp, AJ, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen has no negative effects on lipid peroxidation in an animal model."	( Effects of tamoxifen on tissue nitrite/nitrate levels and plasma lipid peroxidation in female rats. Akercan, F; Gharehbagni, M; Karadadas, N; Sendag, F; Sezer, E; Terek, MC; Zeybek, B, 2010)	2.19
"Tamoxifen has been the most widely used hormonal therapy for more than two decades."	( Tamoxifen for breast cancer. Acharya, B; Bhandari, RB; Jha, AK; Karn, A; Poudel, S; Shrestha, S, )	2.3
"Tamoxifen has a key role in the management of women with hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen, cytochrome P450 genes and breast cancer clinical outcomes. Francis, PA; Michael, M; Singh, MS, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen has successfully been used in treating EPS; however, the mechanism of tamoxifen in treating EPS fibrosis disorders remains unclear."	( Tamoxifen downregulates connective tissue growth factor to ameliorate peritoneal fibrosis. Cheng, HT; Chiang, CK; Huang, JW; Hung, KY; Lien, YC; Tsai, TJ; Wu, HY; Yen, CJ, 2011)	2.53
"Tamoxifen has been widely used for more than 30 years in breast cancer treatment and prevention."	( Tamoxifen and its new derivatives in cancer research. Camacho, J; Rivera-Guevara, C, 2011)	2.53
"Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment or prevention of recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. "	( Should CYP2D6 inhibitors be administered in conjunction with tamoxifen? Kiyotani, K; Mushiroda, T; Nakamura, Y; Sasa, M; Zembutsu, H, 2011)	2.05
"Tamoxifen has been associated with an increased risk of stroke. "	( Time dependent effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on cerebrovascular disease: results from a randomised trial. Bengtsson, NO; Carstensen, J; Fornander, T; Hatschek, T; Lindman, H; Malmström, PO; Nordenskjöld, B; Rosell, J; Stål, O; Wallgren, A, 2011)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has been shown in vitro to inhibit protein kinase C through estrogen receptor-independent antineoplastic effects."	( Phase I clinical trial assessing temozolomide and tamoxifen with concomitant radiotherapy for treatment of high-grade glioma. Amin, P; Cheston, S; Dhople, A; DiBiase, S; Flannery, T; Meisenberg, B; Patel, A; Patel, S, 2012)	1.35
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be atheroprotective."	( Induction of macrophage scavenger receptor type BI expression by tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Chen, Y; Dong, P; Duan, Y; Han, J; Hu, W; Li, X; Xie, T; Zhou, X, 2011)	1.33
"Tamoxifen has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction. "	( Effect of tamoxifen on the coronary vascular reactivity of spontaneously hypertensive female rats. Abreu, GR; Bissoli, NS; Borgo, MV; Gouvêa, SA; Lopes, AB; Moyses, MR; Romero, WG, 2011)	2.21
"Tamoxifen has been used extensively in the treatment of breast cancer and other neoplasms. "	( Interaction of tamoxifen and noise-induced damage to the cochlea. Pillai, JA; Siegel, JH, 2011)	2.16
"Tamoxifen resistance has been largely attributed to genetic alterations in the epithelial tumor cells themselves, such as overexpression of HER-2/Neu. "	( The tumor microenvironment modulates tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer: a role for soluble stromal factors and fibronectin through β1 integrin. Bissell, MJ; Joffé, EB; Motter, A; Pontiggia, O; Raffo, D; Sampayo, R; Simian, M; Xu, R, 2012)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has been widely used for the prevention of recurrence in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen: roles of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Kiyotani, K; Mushiroda, T; Nakamura, Y; Zembutsu, H, 2012)	2.15
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been shown to be active against the bicalutamide-induced breast events (BEs) gynecomastia, and breast pain in patients with prostate cancer (PC). "	( A randomized trial comparing tamoxifen therapy vs. tamoxifen prophylaxis in bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Allegro, R; Altieri, V; De Grande, G; Ferraù, F; Gebbia, V; Mazza, R; Melloni, D; Morgia, G; Nicolosi, F; Serretta, V, 2012)	2.11
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has invariably demonstrated induction of pro-survival autophagy in numerous cancers."	( Enhancement of apoptotic and autophagic induction by a novel synthetic C-1 analogue of 7-deoxypancratistatin in human breast adenocarcinoma and neuroblastoma cells with tamoxifen. Collins, J; Hudlicky, T; Ma, D; Pandey, S, 2012)	1.29
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has both cytostatic and cytotoxic properties for breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen regulates cell fate through mitochondrial estrogen receptor beta in breast cancer. Fuqua, S; Jordan, VC; Levin, ER; Pedram, A; Razandi, M, 2013)	3.28
"Tamoxifen has emerged as a potential management option for gynecomastia and breast pain due to non-steroidal antiandrogens, and it is considered an alternative to surgery or radiotherapy. "	( Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. Antes, G; Keck, B; Kunath, F; Meerpohl, JJ; Wullich, B, 2012)	3.26
"Tamoxifen has a boneprotective effect when applied before exemestane treatment. "	( Compliance, analgesic use and side-effect protection within a German cohort of the TEAM trial. Becker, M; Bossart, M; Hadji, P; Hasenburg, A; Kieback, DG, 2012)	1.82
"Tamoxifen has been given for 8 months and the size of remnant thyroid decreased to 8 mm."	( A misdiagnosed Riedel's thyroiditis successfully treated by thyroidectomy and tamoxifen. Huang, SM; Lee, CT; Wang, CJ; Wu, TJ, 2012)	1.33
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been prescribed for decades and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used since the early 2000s in preventing subsequent breast cancer. "	( Effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen in reducing subsequent breast cancer. Ahmed, SA; Avila, CC; Craig Cheetham, T; Fisher, A; Guo, A; Haque, R; Schottinger, JE; Shi, J, 2012)	2.09
"Both tamoxifen and the AIs have been shown to be active in the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer."	( Evolving uses of hormonal agents for breast cancer therapy. Cummings, FJ, 2002)	0.77
"Tamoxifen has been used in the management of breast cancer for over 30 years. "	( Tamoxifen ("Nolvadex"): a review. Clemons, M; Danson, S; Howell, A, 2002)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has also been shown to be a potent hepatocarcinogen in rats."	( 4-Hydroxytamoxifen sulfation metabolism. Chen, G; Maiti, S; Shao, X; Yin, S, 2002)	1.45
"Tamoxifen has been the endocrine treatment of choice for patients with breast cancer. "	( Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer: an update. Hudis, C; Lake, DE, )	1.57
"Tamoxifen has served as a prototype for the development of selective estrogen receptor modulators at the laboratory-clinical interface. "	( Update on clinical role of tamoxifen. Benson, JR; Pitsinis, V, 2003)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has adverse effects such as hot flashes, increased risk of uterine cancer in postmenopausal women, and rare occurrence of thromboembolic disease."	( The role of aromatase inhibitors in early breast cancer. Carlson, RW; Chung, CT, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been widely used for treatment, and more recently, for the prevention of breast cancer. "	( Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E as potential biomarkers in tamoxifen-treated mammary tumors. Christov, K; Green, A; Grubbs, C; Ikui, A; Lubet, R; Shilkaitis, A; Steele, V; Weinstein, IB; Yao, R; You, M, 2003)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has been reported to enhance the antitumor activity of cisplatin in preclinical models by modulation of protein kinase C signal transduction and apoptosis-related pathways."	( Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin in patients with lung cancer and other advanced malignancies. DeGregorio, M; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lauder, IJ; O'Donnell, R; Perez, EA, 2003)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has been tried in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its inhibitory mechanism remains unknown. "	( [The effects of tamoxifen on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-beta1 expression]. Choi, MH; Chung, YH; Kim, JA; Lee, HC; Lee, YJ; Lee, YS; Park, MI; Park, NH; Ryu, SH; Shin, JW; Suh, DJ; Yu, ES, 2003)	2.11
"Tamoxifene has an atrophic effect but sometimes may induce an estrogenic stimulation of the endometrial mucosa through the alpha and beta estrogenic receptors."	( [Effect of estrogens and antiestrogens on the endometrium]. Bergeron, C, 2002)	1.04
"Tamoxifen treatment has also been associated with improvement of retroperitoneal fibrosis and desmoid tumors, conditions also associated with abnormal fibroblast proliferation."	( Open label trial of tamoxifen in scleroderma. Fessler, BJ; Hoffman, GS; Thomas-Golbanov, CK; Wilke, WS, )	1.18
"Tamoxifen has been registered for breast cancer prevention for high risk individuals in the United States."	( [Breakthrough in breast cancer chemoprevention]. Kahán, Z; Thurzó, L, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been the gold standard adjuvant therapeutic agent for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer for > 25 years. "	( Anastrozole as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer: implications of the ATAC trial. Buzdar, A, 2003)	1.76
"Tamoxifen has been successfully used worldwide as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of women with breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen: is it safe? Comparison of activation and detoxication mechanisms in rodents and in humans. White, IN, 2003)	2.48
"Tamoxifen, which has been related to increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in women, dramatically increased IGF-I mRNA levels in rat uterus."	( Effects of SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) treatment on growth and proliferation in the rat uterus. Eriksson, B; Eriksson, H; Muravitskaya, N; Sahlin, L; Stygar, D, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been reported to show an efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Biochemical studies of apoptosis induced by tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive and negative breast cancer cell lines. Karami-Tehrani, F; Salami, S, 2003)	2.02
"Tamoxifen has long been an established adjuvant treatment in the management of advanced breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen's impact as a preventive agent in clinical practice and an update on the STAR trial. Wickerham, DL, 2003)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has been used in the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma either as a single agent or, more commonly, in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. "	( Use of tamoxifen in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Husain, AF; Lens, MB; Reiman, T, 2003)	2.22
"Tamoxifene has also been approved for use in reducing the incidence of breast cancer amongst high risk women."	( Ocular side-effects in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen and toremifene: a randomized follow-up study. Holli, K; Paakkala, AM; Parkkari, M; Salminen, L, 2003)	1.28
"Tamoxifen has been the principal adjuvant hormonal therapy in pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer for nearly 20 years."	( Sequential hormonal therapy for metastatic breast cancer after adjuvant tamoxifen or anastrozole. Carlson, RW; Henderson, IC, 2003)	1.27
"Tamoxifen has also been evaluated as a risk-reducing agent among patients at a high risk for the development of breast cancer and found to be effective, although it is associated with untoward adverse events (ie, stroke, venous thrombosis, and endometrial cancer)."	( A review of selective estrogen receptor modulators and national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project clinical trials. Smith, RE, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been reported to protect against the progression of coronary artery diseases in human and different atherosclerosis animal models by blocking the appearance of the atheromatous plaque."	( Tamoxifen is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol esterification and prevents the formation of foam cells. Bernad, J; Bosser, I; de Medina, P; Favre, G; Faye, JC; Payré, BL; Pipy, B; Poirot, M; Silvente-Poirot, S, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has a valuable role as neo-adjuvant treatment in terms of breast conservation and survival."	( Neo adjuvant Tamoxifen in post menopausal patients with operable breast cancer. Asselain, B; Campana, F; Clough, KB; Languille, O; Magdalenat, H; Remvikos, Y; Salmon, RJ, 2003)	1.41
"Tamoxifen has been reported to cause retinal changes as side effects."	( Kinetics of inhibition of glutamate uptake by antioestrogens. Mäenpää, H; Saransaari, P; Tähti, H, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been used in some previous studies with variety of responses to therapy in patients with unresectable recurrent brain tumors."	( Encouraging result of tamoxifen in a retinoblastoma patient with central nervous system metastasis. Ekinci, C; Günalp, I; Gündüz, K; Taçyildiz, N; Unal, E; Yavuz, G, 2003)	1.35
"Tamoxifen has clearly been shown to significantly decrease the risk of recurrence and improve survival in women of all ages who have estrogen (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) positive invasive breast cancer, including those 70 years and older."	( Adjuvant therapy for older women with breast cancer. Muss, HB, 2003)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has both agonistic and antagonistic effects on the female genital tract, depending on the ambient oestradiol concentration and the menopausal status of the patient. "	( [The effects of tamoxifen on the female genital tract]. de Vries, EG; Hollema, H; Mourits, MJ; van der Zee, AG; Willemse, PH, 2003)	2.11
"Tamoxifen has been widely used in breast cancer treatment. "	( High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma after treatment with tamoxifen in a patient treated for breast cancer. Kohno, T; Ohwada, M; Saga, Y; Suzuki, M; Takayashiki, N, )	1.82
"Tamoxifen has been shown in numerous prevention studies to decrease the incidence of breast cancer in high-risk women."	( Endocrine prevention of breast cancer using selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SORMs). Lo, SS; Vogel, VG, 2004)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been successfully used in the treatment of patients with fibrosing diseases, mainly retroperitoneal fibrosis."	( Clinical experience with tamoxifen in peritoneal fibrosing syndromes. Aguilera, A; Bajo, MA; Castro, MJ; Costero, O; del Peso, G; Gil, F; Ros, S; Selgas, R, 2003)	1.34
"Tamoxifen has become the standard of care in relation to hormonal therapy for women with hormone-sensitive tumors. "	( New developments in endocrine therapy: role of adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. Grana, G, 2003)	1.76
"Tamoxifen has dramatically eliminated HHT-related bleeding in two cases."	( Hormonal and antihormonal therapy for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Cave, DR; Jameson, JJ, 2004)	1.04
"Tamoxifen has been the chosen endocrine therapy for postmenopausal, hormone-sensitive, ABC for over 20 years."	( Tamoxifen--what next? Gradishar, WJ, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has been shown to stimulate arachidonic acid release from rat liver cells."	( Tamoxifen and the Rafoxifene analog LY117018: their effects on arachidonic acid release from cells in culture and on prostaglandin I2 production by rat liver cells. Levine, L, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has emerged from recent Breast Cancer Prevention Trials, conducted to evaluate risk reduction, as an effective preventive agent."	( Tamoxifen: an emerging preventive. Schwartz, J, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of endocrine treatment for postmenopausal patients with early and advanced breast cancer for many years. "	( Shifting paradigms in hormonal therapy for breast cancer. Grana, G, 2004)	1.77
"Tamoxifen metabolites have been previously shown to possess enhanced bioactivity, and consistent with this observation, tamoxifen metabolites but not tamoxifen modestly increased platelet aggregation."	( The effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on platelet function and release of reactive oxygen intermediates. Flockhart, DA; Freedman, JE; Jin, Y; Varghese, S; Vitseva, O, 2005)	1.4
"Tamoxifen has multiple metabolic effects, including reducing oxidative damage, while vitamin E primarily has this property."	( Tamoxifen and vitamin E treatments delay symptoms in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C. Bascuñan-Castillo, EC; Erickson, RP; Gillies, RJ; Heidenreich, RH; Hicks, C; Howison, CM; Hunter, RJ; Trouard, TP, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has been shown to inhibit ERalpha-mediated cyclin D1 transcription, and acquired resistance to tamoxifen is associated with a shift to ERalpha-independent cyclin D1 up-regulation. "	( Histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A represses estrogen receptor alpha-dependent transcription and promotes proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Alao, JP; Ali, S; Bordogna, W; Buluwela, L; Coombes, RC; Lam, EW; Lockey, P; Stavropoulou, AV; Varshochi, R; Vigushin, DM, 2004)	1.77
"Tamoxifen has long been the endocrine treatment of choice for women with breast cancer and is now employed for prophylactic use in women at high risk from breast cancer. "	( Gene expression changes induced by estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators in primary-cultured human endometrial cells: signals that distinguish the human carcinogen tamoxifen. Carmichael, PL; Gold, LI; Huby, R; Orton, T; Pole, JC, 2005)	1.96
"Tamoxifen has been reported to directly activate large conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels through the KCa beta1 subunit, suggesting a cardio-protective role of this compound. "	( Dual effect of tamoxifen on arterial KCa channels does not depend on the presence of the beta1 subunit. Pérez, GJ, 2005)	2.12
"Tamoxifen has been the standard adjuvant therapy for patients with breast cancer for the last several decades. "	( A practical overview of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Vandenberg, TA; Younus, J, 2005)	1.77
"Tamoxifen has been the definitive standard of hormonal therapies for the last 30 years because of its documented efficacy and reasonable safety profile."	( Aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal patients with early stage breast cancer. Kudachadkar, R; O'Regan, RM, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has been a mainstay of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer for many years. "	( Association of genetic variation in tamoxifen-metabolizing enzymes with overall survival and recurrence of disease in breast cancer patients. Ahn, J; Ambrosone, CB; Kadlubar, FF; MacLeod, SL; Nowell, SA; Rae, JM; Scheys, JO; Sweeney, C; Trovato, A, 2005)	2.05
"Tamoxifen has been available for over 20 years and remains the most commonly recognized endocrine therapy. "	( Selective oestrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors and the female breast. Howell, A, 2005)	1.77
"Tamoxifen has been the standard of care for adjuvant endocrine therapy of early breast cancer. "	( Adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: where are we now? Baum, M, 2005)	1.77
"Tamoxifen has been the standard adjuvant therapy for patients with breast cancer for several decades. "	( A practical overview of aromatase inhibitors. Vandenberg, TA; Younus, J, )	1.57
"Tamoxifen has been the standard adjuvant treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive early breast cancer for more than 20 years. "	( Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years' adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Gademann, G; Gnant, M; Greil, R; Hilfrich, J; Jakesz, R; Jonat, W; Kaufmann, M; Kwasny, W; Menzel, C; Mittlboeck, M; Samonigg, H; Seifert, M; Tausch, C; Wolfgang, J, )	1.78
"Tamoxifen has been known to be an effective agent in regression of desmoid tumors which include similar mesenchymal elements to those seen in RF."	( Tamoxifen in the treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Canbakan, B; Ekmekci, Y; Erbay, B; Ergun, I; Keven, K, 2005)	2.49
"Tamoxifen has been the endocrine agent of choice for adjuvant hormonal therapy for early breast cancer since approval in 1986. "	( Adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Köberle, D; Thürlimann, B, 2005)	1.77
"Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the incidence of invasive breast cancer in women at higher risk. "	( How should we inform women at higher risk of breast cancer about tamoxifen? An approach with a decision guide. Latosinsky, S; Martin, W; McKay, A, 2005)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be more effective and safe than RT in this setting."	( Gynecomastia and breast pain induced by adjuvant therapy with bicalutamide after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer: the role of tamoxifen and radiotherapy. Autorino, R; D'Armiento, M; Damiano, R; De Placido, S; De Sio, M; Di Lorenzo, G; Gallo, A; Gallo, L; Perdonà, S; Pingitore, D, 2005)	1.25
"Tamoxifen has shown to be species, tissue, and cell-type specific."	( Susceptibility of human breast epithelial cells in vitro to hormones and drugs. Calaf, GM, 2006)	1.06
"Tamoxifen has a significant affect on hormone receptor expression and markers of apoptosis in endometrial polyps. "	( Does tamoxifen therapy affect the hormone receptor expression and cell proliferation indices of endometrial polyps? An immunohistochemical comparison of endometrial polyps from postmenopausal women exposed and not exposed to tamoxifen. Duffy, SR; McGurgan, P; O'Donovan, PJ; Taylor, LJ, 2006)	2.29
"Tamoxifen (TMX) has been related with the development of uterine sarcomas. "	( Uterine sarcomas in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Arenas, M; Biete, A; Hernández, V; Jorcano, S; Mellado, B; Ordi, J; Rovirosa, A, )	1.82
"Tamoxifen has been approved for breast cancer risk reduction in high-risk women, but how raloxifene compares with tamoxifen is unknown."	( Patient-reported symptoms and quality of life during treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene for breast cancer prevention: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. Costantino, JP; Dakhil, S; Ganz, PA; Land, SR; Lee, M; Lockhart, JB; Pajon, ER; Ritter, MW; Vogel, VG; Wade, JL; Wickerham, DL; Wolmark, N, 2006)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has been the standard therapy for reducing risk of recurrence, although more than 50% of relapses and deaths occur after completion of tamoxifen."	( Extended adjuvant therapy with letrozole: reducing the risk of recurrence. Dixon, JM, 2006)	1.06
"Tamoxifen has dual estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects; the estrogenic effects have been associated with ovulation induction in premenopausal women. "	( Villous papyraceous: an unusual cause of tamoxifen-induced postmenopausal bleeding. Mathew, J; Oladipo, A, 2006)	2.04
"Tamoxifen has long been studied as a drug to treat breast cancer and now for its preventive effect. "	( Modeling the effect of tamoxifen chemoprevention on long-term mortality in white women at high risk of breast cancer. Maucort-Boulch, D; Roy, P, 2006)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has long been the drug of choice in adjuvant endocrine therapy of steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and it still remains important due to its well-documented beneficial effect. "	( High progesterone receptor expression correlates to the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Jirström, K; Jönsson, PE; Landberg, G; Nordenskjöld, B; Rydén, L; Stendahl, M, 2006)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has provided the mainstay of endocrine therapy for more than 20 years. "	( Aromatase inhibitors: changing the face of endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Buzdar, AU, )	1.57
"Tamoxifen has a lowering effect on serum lipids and is reported to decrease the risk of myocardial infarction but to increase the risk of thromboembolic events."	( Cardiovascular health and aromatase inhibitors. Abramson, BL; Pritchard, KI, 2006)	1.06
"Tamoxifen has been a standard therapy for breast cancer, but its use is complicated by serious events, including endometrial cancer and thromboembolism. "	( Adjuvant trials: Aromatase inhibitors in early breast cancer--are they alike? Monnier, A, 2006)	1.78
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been the drug widely used until the recent emergence of the aromatase inhibitors (AIs)."	( Side effects of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen: the patients' perspective. Delamelena, T; Garreau, JR; Johnson, N; Karamlou, K; Walts, D, 2006)	1.32
"Tamoxifen has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and also to increase the plasma level of phenytoin, which are mainly metabolized by CYP2C9. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. Babaoglu, MO; Boruban, MC; Bozkurt, A; Sencan, O; Yasar, U, 2006)	3.22
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been used since early '70s as antitumor agent in the adjuvant therapy of breast carcinoma. "	( Tamoxifen (TAM): the dispute goes on. Grilli, S, 2006)	3.22
"Tamoxifen has traditionally been the hormone therapy of choice for patients unable to undergo surgery, but development of resistance is a common feature."	( Neoadjuvant use of hormonal therapy in elderly patients with early or locally advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Dixon, JM; Macaskill, EJ; Renshaw, L, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has been the most important form of adjuvant endocrine therapy over the last 25 years."	( Adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer. Andreetta, C; Smith, I, 2007)	1.06
"Tamoxifen has been a standard first-line endocrine therapy for post-menopausal women with hormone-responsive advanced breast cancer, but more than half of patients fail to respond and time to progression is less than 12 months in responders. "	( Letrozole in advanced breast cancer: the PO25 trial. Mouridsen, HT, 2007)	1.78
"Tamoxifen has antiestrogenic effects in the breast tissue and is the standard endocrine treatment for women with breast cancer."	( Estradiol affects liver mitochondrial function in ovariectomized and tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized female rats. Custódio, JB; Moreira, PI; Moreno, A; Nunes, E; Oliveira, CR; Santos, MS; Seiça, R, 2007)	1.3
"Tamoxifen has remained the antihormonal therapy of choice for the treatment of ER positive breast cancer for the last 30 years."	( SERMs for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Jordan, VC; Sharma, CG; Swaby, RF, 2007)	1.06
"Tamoxifen treatment has a potential to stimulate the cell proliferation of endometrial glands and corpus luteum in tamoxifen-treated rats."	( Immunohistochemical evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in ovaries and uterus of tamoxifen-treated rats. Akman, L; Cirpan, T; Kanit, L; Terek, MC; Ulukus, EC; Ulukus, M, )	1.07
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be metabolized by CYP2D6 to the more potent metabolite endoxifen."	( CYP2D6 polymorphisms and the impact on tamoxifen therapy. Beverage, JN; Danesi, R; Figg, WD; Sion, AM; Sissung, TM, 2007)	1.33
"Tamoxifen has been used and shown good results in non-HIV peritoneal dialysis patients with EPS."	( First use of tamoxifen in an HIV patient with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Dratwa, M; Guillaume, MP; Mesquita, M, 2007)	1.43
"Tamoxifen has been used as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer for many years, and safety data have been well documented, but a poor risk:benefit profile limits treatment duration to 5 years."	( Safety profiles of tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitors in adjuvant therapy of hormone-responsive early breast cancer. Perez, EA, 2007)	1.39
"Tamoxifen has been found to be safe and effective in gynecological cancer patients with normal renal function. "	( Tamoxifen is safe and effective in gynecological cancer patients with renal dysfunction. Gershenson, DM; Jaishuen, A; Kavanagh, JJ; Li, Y; Sirisabya, N; Zheng, HG, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen has been in the center of management of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen induced-thrombocytopenia: it does occur. Abali, H; Nasiroğlu, N; Oksüzoğlu, B; Pamukçuoğlu, M; Uner, A; Zengin, N, 2007)	3.23
"Tamoxifen has significantly improved mortality of both pre- and postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( [Clinical benefit of antiestrogens for breast cancer]. Iino, Y; Koibuchi, Y, 2008)	1.79
"Tamoxifen has antiestrogenic effects in the breast and estrogenlike activity in the skeletons of postmenopausal women. "	( Prevention of bone loss after withdrawal of tamoxifen. Brown, IN; Cohen, A; Fleischer, JB; Hershman, DL; Joe, AK; Johnson, MK; McMahon, DJ; Silverberg, SJ, 2008)	2.05
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has been used experimentally to treat boys with gynecomastia and girls with McCune-Albright syndrome. "	( Tamoxifen impairs both longitudinal and cortical bone growth in young male rats. Chagin, AS; Gjerde, J; Heino, T; Karimian, E; Lien, EA; Ohlsson, C; Sävendahl, L, 2008)	3.23
"Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the incidence of estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer in women with a high risk of developing this condition by nearly 50%, and studies in osteoporosis have revealed a similar protective effect of raloxifene in postmenopausal women."	( Chemoprevention of breast cancer. Castrellon, AB; Glück, S, 2008)	1.07
"Tamoxifen has been the standard first-line adjuvant treatment for postmenopausal women with early breast cancer for over 3 decades. "	( Translating trial data into patients benefits: making the right choice. Chlebowski, RT, 2008)	1.79
"Tamoxifen has been associated with increased risk of endometrial carcinoma, although the exact mechanism of action is unknown."	( Clinicopathological and molecular analysis of endometrial carcinoma associated with tamoxifen. Dahiya, S; Hardisson, D; Moreno-Bueno, G; Oliva, E; Palacios, J; Prat, J; Sánchez-Estevez, C; Turbiner, J, 2008)	1.29
"Tamoxifen has been used in the management of receptor-positive breast cancer for >20 years. "	( Quantifiable mRNA transcripts for tamoxifen-metabolising enzymes in human endometrium. Abdo, KR; Ashton, KM; Martin, FL; Martin-Hirsch, PL; Paraskevaidis, E; Phillips, DH; Singh, MN; Stringfellow, HF; Walsh, MJ, 2008)	2.07
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be an unusually safe and well-tolerated drug."	( Antiestrogen therapy of breast cancer. Lippman, ME, 1983)	0.99
"Tamoxifen has a similar effect but to a much lesser extent than estradiol."	( Anti-estrogens in fetal and newborn target tissues. Gulino, A; Pasqualini, JR; Screpanti, I; Sumida, C, 1984)	0.99
"Tamoxifen has been given to Chick embryos between the 3rd and 7th day at doses of 0.2-2 mg/egg. "	( [Changes in the female gonads of the chick embryo after tamoxifen]. Baulieu, EE; Reyss-Brion, M; Salzgeber, B, 1981)	1.95
"Tamoxifen has recently been shown to suppress the growth and secretion of prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary tumors in rats. "	( The effect of tamoxifen on GH and PRL secretion by human pituitary tumors. de Quijada, M; Klijn, JG; Lamberts, SW, )	1.93
"But tamoxifen has no effect on the growth rate (growth constant of R27 under control condition, 0.071 +/- 0.007 day-1; tamoxifen-treated cells, 0.073 +/- 0.011 day-1) and minimal effects on thymidine incorporation in R27, whereas tamoxifen has a strongly suppressive effect on the growth rate and thymidine incorporation in MCF-7."	( Isolation and characterization of a tamoxifen-resistant cell line derived from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Bronzert, D; Lippman, ME; Nawata, H, 1981)	1.02
"Tamoxifen citrate has been administered continuously at various dosages to 31 males with evaluable advanced breast cancer in 16 different centers. "	( Use of tamoxifen in advanced male breast cancer. Bach, BK; Battersby, LA; Patterson, JS, )	2.03
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been reported to enhance cisplatin (CDDP) cytotoxicity in experimental and clinical melanoma studies. "	( A phase II study of tamoxifen combined with cisplatin-interleukin 2 and alpha-interferon in metastatic melanoma. Antoine, EC; Auclerc, G; Benhammouda, A; Borel, C; Franks, C; Ghironzi, GC; Mularoni, E; Rixe, O; Soubrane, C; Vuillemin, E, 1995)	2.06
"Tamoxifen has been used as adjuvant treatment in advanced and early-stage breast cancer for the past decade. "	( Sensory perceptions of women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer. Hanson, BM; McDaniel, RW; Nelson, RA; Rhodes, VA, 1995)	2
"Tamoxifen, however, has been promoted as a modulator in some drug regimens."	( Activity of platinum drugs against melanoma cell lines: is it modulated in vitro in the presence of tamoxifen? Mohammed, MQ; Photiou, A; Retsas, S; Shah, P, )	1.07
"Tamoxifen has no efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma."	( Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with tamoxifen: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 120 patients. Ayuso, C; Boix, L; Brú, C; Bruix, J; Castells, A; Roca, M; Rodés, J; Vilana, R, 1995)	2
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be effective in the treatment of desmoid tumors, and we present a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis who was treated successfully with this anti-estrogen."	( Retroperitoneal fibrosis treated with tamoxifen. Cance, WG; Huth, JF; Owens, LV, 1995)	1.28
"Tamoxifen has a well established place in the adjuvant therapy of primary carcinoma of the breast. "	( Hormonal manipulation and gynaecological cancer: the tamoxifen dilemma. Ross, D; Whitehead, M, 1995)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of human gliomas in vitro. "	( A comparison of the relative chemosensitivity of human gliomas to tamoxifen and n-desmethyltamoxifen in vitro. Kristofik, MP; Randall, MS; Rehn, T; Selker, RG; Vertosick, FT, 1994)	1.97
"Tamoxifen has found extensive use in the treatment of all stages of human breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen induces hepatic aneuploidy and mitotic spindle disruption after a single in vivo administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Bahnub, N; Dragan, YP; Jordan, VC; Pitot, HC; Sargent, LM; Sattler, CA; Sattler, GL; Schroeder, P; Wiley, JE, 1994)	3.17
"Tamoxifen has estrogen-like effects on bone metabolism that result in an increase and stabilization of bone mineral density in the axial skeleton and a stabilization of bone mineral content in the appendicular skeleton."	( Tamoxifen and bone metabolism in postmenopausal low-risk breast cancer patients: a randomized study. Dalgaard, P; Ejlertsen, B; Holmegaard, SN; Kristensen, B; Larsen, L; Mouridsen, HT; Transbøl, I, 1994)	3.17
"Tamoxifen has been an effective antiestrogen in suppressing breast cancer growth which is estrogen-responsive or dependent. "	( Absence of transforming growth factor-beta responsiveness in the tamoxifen growth-inhibited human breast cancer cell line CAMA-1. Ji, H; Leung, BS; Leung, HT; Stout, LE; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R, 1994)	1.97
"Tamoxifen has been found to be metabolized by liver primarily into three metabolites, tamoxifen-N-oxide, formed by the flavin-containing monooxygenase, and N-desmethyl- and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, formed by cytochrome P450. "	( Induction of tamoxifen-4-hydroxylation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), beta-naphthoflavone (beta NF), and phenobarbital (PB) in avian liver: identification of P450 TCDDAA as catalyst of 4-hydroxylation induced by TCDD and beta NF. Kupfer, D; Lee, CA; Mani, C; Rifkind, AB, 1994)	2.1
"Tamoxifen has been found to be a safe and effective treatment for all stages of breast cancer. "	( Fourteenth Gaddum Memorial Lecture. A current view of tamoxifen for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 1993)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has anti-estrogenic effects not only on breast cancer cells but also on liver metabolism and bone, with concomitant decreases in risk factors for chronic skeletal and vascular system diseases."	( Tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer control worldwide. Koroltchouk, V; Love, RR, 1993)	2.45
"Tamoxifen has very little or no effect, 4-hydroxytamoxifen has an intermediate effect and ICI 164,384 is active in the enzyme inhibition, particularly with MDA-MB-231 cells."	( Effect of promegestone, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 on the oestrone sulphatase activity of human breast cancer cells. Chetrite, G; Delalonde, L; Pasqualini, JR; Varin, C, )	1.16
"Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) has been in use for over 20 years and currently is probably the most prescribed anti-cancer medication in the world. "	( The role of tamoxifen in the prevention and treatment of benign and malignant breast lesions: a chemopreventive. Leis, HP, )	1.95
"Tamoxifen has been used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer because of its antiestrogenic effects. "	( Intestinal and pelvic endometriosis presenting as a tumor and associated with tamoxifen therapy: report of a case. Hajjar, LR; Kim, W; Nolan, GH; Raju, UR; Turner, S, 1993)	1.96
"Tamoxifen has an estrogen-like influence on the skeletal and cardiovascular systems, resulting in decreases in both postmenopausal bone loss and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels."	( A risk-benefit assessment of tamoxifen therapy. Catherino, WH; Jordan, VC, 1993)	1.3
"Tamoxifen has produced a small increase in the response rate when added to the present combination and schedule of chemotherapy."	( The addition of tamoxifen to dacarbazine and cisplatin in metastatic malignant melanoma. A phase II trial of the Southwest Oncology Group, (SWOG-8921). Flaherty, LE; Fletcher, WS; Goodwin, JW; Liu, PY; Mitchell, MS; Sondak, VK; Stephens, RL; Walker, MJ, 1996)	1.36
"Tamoxifen has been used extensively as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of pre- and post-menopausal patients with breast cancer. "	( Thrombosis of tibial arteries in a patient receiving tamoxifen therapy. Deshmukh, N; Tripathi, SP, 1995)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has been shown to improve survival among subsets of patients with breast cancer in all stages."	( Endometrial cancer. Management of high risk and recurrence including the tamoxifen controversy. Cohen, CJ; Rahaman, J, 1995)	1.24
"Tamoxifen (Tx) has been used in breast cancer treatment and prophylaxis because of its antiestrogenic activity; however, Tx may also have beneficial cardiovascular effects and other actions mediated by mechanisms other than estrogen receptors. "	( Tamoxifen (estrogen antagonist) inhibits voltage-gated calcium current and contractility in vascular smooth muscle from rats. Gappy, S; Joshi, D; Ram, JL; Song, J; Sowers, JR; Standley, PR; Zhang, F, 1996)	3.18
"Tamoxifen has been noted for its reportedly low incidence of side effects."	( [Tamoxifen and endometrial cancer. A case report]. Lindal, S; Mortensen, E; Orbo, A, 1996)	1.93
"Tamoxifen has previously been shown to prolong the survival of patients with advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and it has been suggested that it inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells through an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits hepatoma cell growth through an estrogen receptor independent mechanism. Jiang, SY; Jordan, VC; Shyu, RY; Yeh, MY, 1995)	3.18
"Tamoxifen has been widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen and the uterus: an old drug tested by new modalities. Achiron, R; Golan-Porat, N; Grisaru, D; Lipitz, S, 1996)	3.18
"Tamoxifen, which has estrogenic effects on bone resorption, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta), whose production by osteoblasts is increased by estrogen, had similar effects in vitro."	( Estrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF-beta. Boyce, BF; Dai, A; Hughes, DE; Li, HH; Mundy, GR; Tiffee, JC, 1996)	1.02
"Tamoxifen has been the endocrine treatment of choice for all stages of breast cancer for nearly a decade. "	( A realistic clinical perspective of tamoxifen and endometrial carcinogenesis. Assikis, VJ; Jordan, VC; Neven, P; Vergote, I, 1996)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has a wide range of systemic effects, possibly acting on every estrogen target tissue in the body."	( Tamoxifen in postmenopausal women a safety perspective. Kimmick, GG; Muss, HB; Robinson, E, 1996)	2.46
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been shown to circumvent multidrug resistance in P-glycoprotein-expressing cell lines."	( Tamoxifen circumvents the multidrug resistance in fresh human gastrointestinal cancer cells. Arii, K; Hotta, T; Iwahashi, M; Mizobata, S; Noguchi, K; Tamai, M; Tani, M; Tanimura, H; Terasawa, H; Tsunoda, T; Yamaue, H, 1996)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has not been previously used in the treatment of Riedel's thyroiditis."	( Riedel's thyroiditis: treatment with tamoxifen. Angelos, P; Few, J; Giordano, T; Reeve, T; Simeone, D; Thompson, NW, 1996)	1.29
"Tamoxifen has proved to be the most effective drug therapy available for managing Riedel's thyroiditis. "	( Riedel's thyroiditis: treatment with tamoxifen. Angelos, P; Few, J; Giordano, T; Reeve, T; Simeone, D; Thompson, NW, 1996)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has a particularly valuable role in developing countries in which the incidence of breast cancer is increasing as the average age of the population increases and in which control is substantially more difficult with mass mammography screening."	( The control of breast cancer: the role of tamoxifen. Forbes, JF, 1997)	1.28
"Tamoxifen has been used most commonly to treat breast and endometrial cancer, two malignancies in which the antiestrogenic properties of tamoxifen have substantial therapeutic benefit. "	( Tamoxifen for the treatment of malignancies other than breast and endometrial carcinoma. Gelmann, EP, 1997)	3.18
"Tamoxifen has been demonstrated to be hepatocarcinogenic in some but not all strains of the laboratory rat and is not a carcinogen in the mouse. "	( Comparative metabolism of tamoxifen and DNA adduct formation and in vitro studies on genotoxicity. Tannenbaum, SR, 1997)	2.04
"Tamoxifen has both antiestrogenic and estrogenic activity."	( Risks and benefits of tamoxifen therapy. Assikis, VJ; Jordan, VC, 1997)	1.33
"Tamoxifen has well-documented activity in reducing breast cancer mortality. "	( Interaction of tamoxifen's impact on overall net mortality and quality of life. Ragaz, J, 1997)	2.09
"Tamoxifen citrate has been prescribed to millions of women with breast cancer and has been one of the most important advances in breast cancer treatment over the past 25 years. "	( Tamoxifen's impact on the management of breast cancer: patient perspectives. Reichman, BS, 1997)	3.18
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be useful in the treatment of desmoid tumors and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis."	( Sclerosing mesenteritis: an unusual cause of abdominal pain in an HIV-positive patient. Behling, CA; Lyche, KD; Venkataramani, A, 1997)	1.02
"Tamoxifen has primarily estrogen-antagonistic effects on epicardial coronary artery dilator responses in atherosclerotic monkeys. "	( Contrasting effects of conjugated estrogens and tamoxifen on dilator responses of atherosclerotic epicardial coronary arteries in nonhuman primates. Adams, MR; Honoré, EK; Williams, JK, 1997)	2
"Tamoxifen has been associated with maintenance of bone mineral density, a reduction in cardiac events, and a slightly increased risk of endometrial cancer."	( Tamoxifen and toremifene in breast cancer: comparison of safety and efficacy. Buzdar, AU; Hortobagyi, GN, 1998)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has been shown to decrease the recurrence rate of breast cancer. "	( The use of transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography for the evaluation of asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients on tamoxifen. Goldstein, SR; Horan, C; Nachtigall, LE; Porges, RF; Schwartz, LB; Snyder, J, 1998)	1.94
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been found to be effective in inhibiting proliferation of glioblastoma cells in vitro, but clinical studies have been disappointing. "	( Antagonist effect of insulin-like growth factor I on protein kinase inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells in association with bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Barna, BP; Barnett, GH; Casey, G; Haqqi, T; Hercbergs, A; Iwasaki, K; Kondo, S; Liu, J; Toms, SA, 1998)	1.74
"Tamoxifen has been shown to potentiate in vivo anti-tumour activity of IL-2, and because of its non-toxic behaviour it was included in both groups."	( Survival in renal cell carcinoma-a randomized evaluation of tamoxifen vs interleukin 2, alpha-interferon (leucocyte) and tamoxifen. Colleen, S; Engman, K; Helsing, M; Henriksson, R; Nilsson, S; Wersäll, P; Zimmerman, R, 1998)	1.26
"Tamoxifen has few adverse effects and severe complications are very uncommon."	( [Monitoring women on tamoxifen ]. Diouf, A; Lansac, J, 1998)	1.34
"Tamoxifen (Tam) has been shown to inhibit dexamethasone (Dex)-mediated effects on bone formation in vitro. "	( Tamoxifen attenuates the effects of exogenous glucocorticoid on bone formation and growth in piglets. Atkinson, SA; Fritz, PC; Tenenbaum, HC; Ward, WE, 1998)	3.19
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has moderate PKC-inhibiting activity, blocking DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in human glioma cells at concentrations that can be achieved therapeutically."	( Tamoxifen modulation of carboplatin cytotoxicity in a human U-138 glioma cell line. Farah, JO; Mastronardi, L; Puzzilli, F; Ruggeri, A, 1998)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has been used as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer for nearly two decades. "	( Gynecologic effects of tamoxifen and the association with endometrial carcinoma. Assikis, VJ; Jordan, VC, 1995)	2.04
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has recently been shown to inhibit the growth rate of established and low-passage human glioma cell lines."	( Tamoxifen as a potential treatment of glioma. Mastronardi, L; Puzzilli, F; Ruggeri, A, 1998)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has been shown to promote the growth of human endometrial tumors implanted in athymic mice, and it has been associated with a twofold to threefold increase in endometrial cancer. "	( Effects of the antiestrogens tamoxifen, toremifene, and ICI 182,780 on endometrial cancer growth. Assikis, VJ; Bilimoria, MM; Chatterton, R; Cisneros, A; Dragan, YP; England, GM; Jordan, VC; MacGregor, JI; Muenzner, HD; O'Regan, RM; Piette, M; Pitot, HC, 1998)	2.03
"Tamoxifen, which has been used extensively in the treatment of breast cancer over the last 20 years has recently been shown to inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts cultured from keloid biopsies."	( Topical tamoxifen--a potential therapeutic regime in treating excessive dermal scarring? Cherry, GW; Hu, D; Hughes, MA, 1998)	1.46
"Tamoxifen therapy has been associated with the development of endometrial polyps, hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma possibly mediated through its agonistic estrogenic properties."	( Tamoxifen-induced endometrial polyp. A case report and review of the literature. Elemenoglou, J; Nomikos, IN; Papatheophanis, J, 1998)	2.46
"Tamoxifen has some weak estrogenic activity."	( [Severe hypertriglyceridemia induced by tamoxifen]. Komiya, I; Taira, M; Takasu, N, 1998)	1.29
"Tamoxifen has been used for a long time as an adjuvant hormonal treatment in breast cancer patients. "	( Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. Belev, B; Plestina, S; Reiner, Z; Vrbanec, D, )	1.78
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be a potent liver carcinogen in rats, and generates covalent DNA adducts. "	( Tamoxifen metabolism in rat liver microsomes: identification of a dimeric metabolite derived from free radical intermediates by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Jones, RM; Lim, CK; Yuan, ZX, 1999)	3.19
"Tamoxifen has a beneficial effect on bone density presumably through its estrogen agonistic effects."	( Tamoxifen effects on menopause--associated risk factors and symptoms. Benshushan, A; Brzezinski, A, 1999)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has been reported to have numerous physiological effects that are independent of the estrogen receptor, including sensitization of resistant tumor cells to many chemotherapeutic agents. "	( Tamoxifen inhibits acidification in cells independent of the estrogen receptor. Altan, N; Chen, Y; Schindler, M; Simon, SM, 1999)	3.19
"Tamoxifen has become one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, and concerns about its long-term safety and efficacy are being raised. "	( The association between tamoxifen and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and literature review. Law, CH; Tandan, VR, 1999)	2.05
"Tamoxifen has been reported to inhibit acidification of cytoplasmic organelles in mammalian cells. "	( A mechanism for tamoxifen-mediated inhibition of acidification. Chen, Y; Schindler, M; Simon, SM, 1999)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment of human HCC."	( Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression and cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PLC/PRF/5) by tamoxifen. Gong, Y; Minuk, GY; Zhang, M, 1999)	1.23
"Tamoxifen has been widely used for almost 20 years as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen and malignant epithelial-nonepithelial tumours of the endometrium: report of six cases and review of the literature. Bailly, C; Clement-Chassagne, C; Guastalla, P; Mignotte, H; Treilleux, T, 1999)	2.47
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been shown to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. "	( Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells relates to down-regulation of bcl-2, but not bax and bcl-X(L), without alteration of p53 protein levels. Abe, R; Kanno, M; Kimijima, I; Onda, M; Sato, H; Takenoshita, S; Tsuchiya, A; Watanabe, T; Zhang, GJ, 1999)	3.19
"Tamoxifen has been linked to an increased risk for the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma. "	( Detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma in two asymptomatic postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen. A report of two cases. Eastlund, M; Look, K; Sanders, B; Sutton, G, 1999)	1.97
"Tamoxifen has been used as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. "	( Uterine pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient receiving tamoxifen therapy. Okada, DH; Petrovic, LM; Rowland, JB, 1999)	1.99
"Tamoxifen has been used traditionally as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, but new data indicate that it is effective in the primary prevention of breast cancer in women at increased risk."	( Selective estrogen receptor modulators and postmenopausal health. Arnaud, CD; Chiu, KM; Roe, EB, 2000)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has no efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced HCC and response to treatment was not affected by the expression of hormone receptors."	( Treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tamoxifen and the correlation with expression of hormone receptors: a prospective randomized study. Fan, ST; Liu, CL; Lo, CM; Ng, IO; Poon, RT; Wong, J, 2000)	2
"Oral tamoxifen has been proposed on the basis of beneficial results in some trials."	( Controlled clinical trial of doxorubicin and tamoxifen versus tamoxifen monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lochs, H; Plauth, M; Schachschal, G, 2000)	1.02
"Tamoxifen has partial agonist effects with ERalpha but not with ERbeta."	( Estrogen receptors alpha and beta: prevalence of estrogen receptor beta mRNA in human vascular smooth muscle and transcriptional effects. Graham, JD; Hodges, YK; Horwitz, KB; Horwitz, LD; Tung, L; Yan, XD, 2000)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment of breast cancer since the 1970s, but is considered a carcinogen because it has been linked to liver cancer in rats and an increased risk of endometrial cancer in patients. "	( Genotoxic effects of the novel mixed antiestrogen FC-1271a in comparison to tamoxifen and toremifene. DeGregorio, MW; Hellmann-Blumberg, U; Taras, TL; Wurz, GT, 2000)	1.98
"Yet tamoxifen has been shown to be equipotent in both sexes."	( Sex differences in the activation of tamoxifen to DNA binding species in rat liver in vivo and in rat hepatocytes in vitro: role of sulfotransferase induction. Davis, W; Glatt, H; Hewer, A; Meinl, W; Phillips, DH; Rajkowski, KM, 2000)	1.06
"Tamoxifen has multiple influence on the rate of growth of cancer cells: depends on estrogen receptor (ER), conducts reduction of proliferation rate; depends on ER and other mechanisms conducts to suppressions of Bcl-2 protein expression and induction of cell death through apoptotic pathway."	( Influence of estrogen, antiestrogen and UV-light on the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells culture. Anchim, T; Dabrowska, M; Dziecioł, J; Pietruczuk, M; Swiatecka, J; Wołczyński, S, 2000)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has been shown to decrease the risk of invasive breast cancer and decrease breast density."	( Effect of tamoxifen on mammographic density. Chow, CK; Jones, EC; O'Shaughnessy, J; Premkumar, A; Venzon, D; Zujewski, J, 2000)	1.43
"Tamoxifen therapy has limited efficacy in refractory ovarian carcinoma."	( Tamoxifen in the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Kaern, J; Marth, C; Tropé, C, 2000)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has been approved by the U.S."	( Breast cancer risk reduction: what do we know and where should we go? Prout, MN, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has both agonist and antagonist activities, which are manifested in a tissue-specific pattern."	( Thoughts on tamoxifen resistant breast cancer. Are coregulators the answer or just a red herring? Bain, DL; Graham, JD; Horwitz, KB; Jackson, TA; Richer, JK; Tung, L, 2000)	1.41
"Tamoxifen has been reported as variously active or inactive with or without previous systemic therapy."	( Tamoxifen in the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Bell, J; Brady, MF; Homesley, HD; Soper, JT; Thigpen, T, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has recently been shown to reduce the incidence of noninvasive breast cancer in high-risk women, but the molecular mechanism of tamoxifen chemoprevention in mammary epithelial tissue that does not overexpress the estrogen receptor is poorly understood."	( Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 inactivation of p53 in normal human mammary epithelial cells promotes tamoxifen-mediated apoptosis. Caldwell, LE; Dietze, EC; Mrózek, K; Parker, M; Seewaldt, VL, 2001)	1.25
"Tamoxifen has several potential mechanisms of action including inhibition of the release of excitatory amino acids (EAA) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity."	( Tamoxifen inhibits nitrotyrosine formation after reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Feustel, PJ; Kimelberg, HK; Mongin, AA; Osuka, K; Tranmer, BI, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen has been shown to inhibit volume activated chloride currents in many cell types. "	( Volume--activated chloride currents in HeLa cells are blocked by tamoxifen but not by a membrane impermeant quaternary analogue. Allen, MC; Hardy, SP; Hunter, AC; Lloyd, AW; Sahebgharani, M, 2001)	1.99
"Tamoxifen, which has both estrogen-mimetic and estrogen-antagonist properties, has been widely used to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients."	( Novel tumor-promoting property of tamoxifen. Abbas, T; Barile, N; Chatakondu, K; Foster, DA; Hornia, A; Kaplan, P; Lu, Z; Zhong, M, 2001)	1.31
"Tamoxifen has the potential for perturbing the rate of OM since it can function as a calcium antagonist by binding to calmodulin and inhibiting the formation of a calcium-calmodulin complex which is needed for activating calmodulin-dependent cAMP phosphodiesterase and initiating OM."	( Tamoxifen-induced alterations in meiotic maturation and cytogenetic abnormalities in mouse oocytes and 1-cell zygotes. London, SN; Mailhes, JB, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen citrate has shown promise in the treatment of keloids."	( Effect of tamoxifen on transforming growth factor beta1 production by keloid and fetal fibroblasts. Hanasono, MM; Kadleck, JM; Kita, M; Koch, RJ; Lum, J; Mikulec, AA, )	1.26
"Tamoxifen (TMX) has proven to be an effective palliative treatment for advanced breast cancer with low reported incidence of side effects. "	( On the promoting action of tamoxifen in a model of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene in CF1 mice. Batlle, A; Caballero, F; Falcoff, N; Gerez, E; Oliveri, L; Vazquez, E, 2001)	2.05
"Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) has long been established as "standard" adjuvant therapy for receptor-positive, early-stage breast cancer. "	( Adjuvant exemestane therapy after 5 years of tamoxifen: rationale for the NSABP B-33 trial. Mamounas, EP, 2001)	2.01
"Tamoxifen has been an epoch-making drug during the late 20th century."	( [Developments of hormonal agents for breast cancer]. Tominaga, T, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has proven to be effective in improving relapse-free and overall survival in both pre- and postmenopausal women with ER(+) early-stage breast cancer."	( Role of adjuvant endocrine therapy in early-stage breast cancer. Muss, HB, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has mixed estrogen agonist and antagonist properties in estrogen-regulated tissues. "	( Tamoxifen is not detrimental to endothelial function in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Collins, P; Coombes, RC; Graham, HA; Hayward, CS; Linardou, H; Ong, PJ; Savage, P, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has a new role in chemoprevention in patients at high risk of breast cancer."	( New drugs in breast cancer. Iqbal, S; Miller, WR, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has a complex effect on the female reproductive tract and several tamoxifen-associated changes have been described among tamoxifen users."	( Tamoxifen and the female reproductive tract. Eltabbakh, GH; Mount, SL, 2001)	2.47
"Only tamoxifen has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in high-risk women."	( Selective estrogen-receptor modulators in 2001. Gradishar, WJ; O'Regan, RM, 2001)	0.77
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has been used in the treatment of breast cancer for over a decade. "	( Mechanisms of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Kong, AN; Mandlekar, S, 2001)	2.11
"Tamoxifen has been used for the systemic treatment of patients with breast cancer for nearly three decades. "	( Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer: elucidating mechanisms. Beex, LV; Berns, EM; Brinkman, A; Dorssers, LC; Foekens, JA; Klijn, JG; van Agthoven, T; Van der Flier, S; Veldscholte, J, 2001)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has proved efficacious in all settings of breast cancer."	( The effect of SERMs on the endometrium. Goldstein, SR, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen has not only proved to be a valuable treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but is also a pioneering medicine for chemoprevention in high-risk pre- and postmenopausal women. "	( Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) and their roles in breast cancer prevention. Jordan, VC; Park, WC, 2002)	1.76
"Tamoxifen has been shown to increase cytoplasmic free Ca2+ levels [Ca2+]i in renal tubular cells and bladder cancer cells, and to after Ca2+ signaling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. "	( Tamoxifen-induced increases in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ levels in human breast cancer cells. Chang, HT; Chen, WC; Cheng, JS; Chou, KJ; Huang, JK; Jan, CR; Law, YP; Lee, KC; Liu, CP; Lo, YK; Su, W; Wang, JL, 2002)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has been shown to be genotoxic in several studies."	( Toxicity of antiestrogens. Aaltonen, A; Hirsimäki, P; Mäntylä, E, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen has been shown to induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. "	( Tamoxifen-based treatment induces clinically meaningful responses in multiple myeloma patients with relapsing disease after autotransplantation. Bolaños-Meade, J; Cottler-Fox, M; Fassas, AB; Rapoport, AP; Shanholtz, C; Tricot, G, )	3.02
"Tamoxifen has favorable effects on the serum lipid profile. "	( Are the effects of tamoxifen on the serum lipid profile modified by apolipoprotein E phenotypes? Bairaktari, E; Elisaf, M; Karabina, SA; Liberopoulos, E; Nicolaides, C; Pavlidis, N; Tselepis, A, 2002)	2.09
"Tamoxifen has been shown to decrease the risk of invasive breast cancer by 49% and noninvasive breast cancer by 50%. "	( Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and retinoids in breast cancer chemoprevention. Zujewski, J, 2002)	1.76
"Tamoxifen treatment has been demonstrated to decrease the function of fibroblasts derived from Dupuytren's affected fascia and downregulated TGF(beta2) production in these same fibroblasts."	( Tamoxifen decreases fibroblast function and downregulates TGF(beta2) in dupuytren's affected palmar fascia. Ko, F; Kuhn, MA; Payne, WG; Robson, MC; Wang, X, 2002)	2.48
"Tamoxifen has dominated endocrine treatment of breast cancer for over two decades. "	( Tamoxifen resistant and refractory breast cancer: the value of aromatase inhibitors. Goss, PE; Strasser, K, 2002)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has been shown previously to be metabolized to reactive products that have the potential to form protein and DNA adducts."	( Bioactivation of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome p450 enzymes. De Wolf, CJ; Gillam, EM; Lancaster, RG; Notley, LM; Wunsch, RM, 2002)	1.38
"Tamoxifen has been used for a long time as a hormonal treatment in breast cancer. "	( Tamoxifen therapy and hepatic steatosis. Coskun, U; Günel, N; Törüner, FB, 2002)	3.2
"Tamoxifen has mixed agonist/antagonist activities, leading to tissue-specific estrogen-like actions and endometrial cancer. "	( Regulation of estrogen target genes and growth by selective estrogen-receptor modulators in endometrial cancer cells. Chen, B; Dardes, RC; Jordan, VC; Osipo, C; Pearce, ST; Schafer, JM, 2002)	1.76
"Tamoxifen has more or less strong estrogen influence according to the targets : a light one on the uterus (1 mg being much less strong than 0.25 microgram of estradiol), a dynamic one on the vagina (50 microgram of tamoxifen make the vagina open in as short a time as 0.25 microgram of estradiol do but the keratinisation is still not completed even with 1 mg of tamoxifen). "	( [Action of an antiestrogen agent, tamoxifen on the uterus and vagina of the ovariectomized rat]. Marois, G; Marois, M, 1977)	1.98
"Tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) has been shown to possess anti-tumour properties in the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. "	( Tamoxifen as an anti-tumour agent: effect on oestrogen binding. Dowse, LJ; Jordan, VC, 1976)	3.14
"Tamoxifen has been used as a chemotherapeutic agent with no serious side effects noted. "	( Tamoxifen retinopathy. Kaiser-Kupfer, MI; Lippman, ME, 1978)	3.14
"Tamoxifen has been implicated as a risk factor for venous thrombosis in advanced breast cancer although the evidence for increased arterial or venous thrombosis with tamoxifen in early breast cancer is less clear. "	( Haemostatic changes and thromboembolic risk during tamoxifen therapy in normal women. Ashley, SE; Burman, JF; Chung, HI; Jones, AL; Nicolson, MC; Powles, TJ; Treleaven, JG, 1992)	1.98
"Tamoxifen has some estrogen-like activities in postmenopausal women and causes a preservation of bone in the lumbar spine and a decrease in circulating cholesterol."	( The role of tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Jordan, VC, )	1.23
"Tamoxifen has no effect on secreted proteins from the AL-1 cells, whereas ICI 164,384 has a complete estrogen antagonistic effect on secreted proteins, indicating that the mechanisms by which estrogens and antiestrogens influence cell proliferation may be via up and down regulation of secreted proteins with growth regulatory functions."	( Effect of estrogen and antiestrogens on cell proliferation and synthesis of secreted proteins in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and a tamoxifen resistant variant subline, AL-1. Lykkesfeldt, AE; Sørensen, EK, 1992)	1.21
"Tamoxifen has both antiestrogen and estrogen-agonistic activity, which depends on the target tissue involved owing its systemic distribution."	( [Cancer of the endometrium caused by antiestrogens]. Dauplat, J; Le Bouëdec, G, 1992)	1
"Tamoxifen has become the endocrine treatment of choice for all stages of breast cancer. "	( The strategic use of antiestrogens to control the development and growth of breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 1992)	1.73
"(1) Tamoxifen has an E2 agonistic effect on histologically normal human endometrium. "	( Tamoxifen increases plasma estrogen-binding equivalents and has an estradiol agonistic effect on histologically normal premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrium. Beery, R; Geier, A; Gorodeski, GI; Lunenfeld, B, 1992)	2.28
"Tamoxifen has antiestrogenic properties and may thus theoretically decrease bone mineral density, particularly after long-term treatment."	( Long-term adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer: effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Blomqvist, L; Fornander, T; Glas, U; Mattsson, A; Rutqvist, LE; Sjöberg, HE, 1990)	1.33
"Tamoxifen citrate has recently been shown to be effective palliative therapy in advanced endometrial carcinoma. "	( Tamoxifen flare in advanced endometrial carcinoma. Brooks, BJ; Lippman, ME, 1985)	3.15
"Tamoxifen also has a potential role in other hormone-sensitive malignancies such as pancreatic carcinoma, and in treatment of benign breast disease."	( Tamoxifen. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use. Buckley, MM; Goa, KL, 1989)	2.44
"Tamoxifen has become the most commonly used endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer due to its few side effects and an overall response rate of 35%."	( Endocrine management of advanced breast cancer. Mouridsen, HT; Rose, C, 1989)	1
"Tamoxifen has a 20-100-fold lower affinity than estradiol for the estrogen receptor."	( Effects of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the pNR-1 and pNR-2 estrogen-regulated RNAs in human breast cancer cells. May, FE; Westley, BR, 1987)	1.38
"Tamoxifen has become the most commonly used endocrine therapy of advanced breast cancer due to its few side effects and an overall response rate of 35%, which has been obtained in randomized trials of tamoxifen compared with either ablative, additive or inhibitive treatment approaches."	( Endocrine therapy of advanced breast cancer. Mouridsen, HT; Rose, C, 1988)	1
"Tamoxifen has probably been the most widely studied endocrine therapy for breast cancer and the subject of some of the longest and best controlled studies."	( Anti-oestrogens in the treatment of breast and gynaecological cancers. Furr, BJ, 1988)	1
"Tamoxifen has not been as useful as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal women, for whom combination chemotherapy is the treatment of choice."	( Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. Legha, SS, 1988)	2.44
"Tamoxifen has recently been suggested as treatment for endometriosis. "	( Endometriosis developing during tamoxifen therapy. Ford, MR; Soutter, WP; Turner, MJ; Wood, C, 1988)	2
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has previously been shown to inhibit growth of the Dunning R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma and to elevate serum prolactin levels. "	( Role of prolactin in modulating the effects of tamoxifen on growth of the Dunning R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma. Ip, MM; Sylvester, PW, 1987)	1.97
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has a lower affinity to ER compared with one of its main metabolites, 4-OH-TAM."	( Antiestrogen binding sites in human breast cancer biopsies. Measurement ligand-specificity and affinity, and correlation to estrogen and progesterone receptors. Borg, A; Fernö, M, )	0.85

Actions

Tamoxifen (TAM) has a lower affinity to ER compared with one of its main metabolites, 4-OH-TAM. Tamox ifen did not enhance vorinostat-induced HIV transcription (between-arm ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], .2-2.4). Tamoxifens may cause proliferative effects in the endometrium.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tamoxifen did not enhance vorinostat-induced HIV transcription (between-arm ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], .2-2.4)."	( Impact of Tamoxifen on Vorinostat-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5366, The MOXIE Trial. Aga, E; Archin, N; Bosch, RJ; Chomont, N; Connick, E; Coxen, K; Deeks, S; Dobrowolski, C; Ehui, L; Gandhi, M; Gandhi, RT; Giguel, F; Godfrey, C; Hosey, L; Howell, BJ; Karn, J; Kuritzkes, DR; Ma, Q; Morse, GD; Scully, EP; Sieg, SF; Squires, KE; Starr, K; Tsibris, A; Wu, G, 2022)	1.85
"Tamoxifen may produce a toxic maculopathy which may progress despite discontinuation of the medication."	( Tamoxifen maculopathy: The importance of screening and long follow-up. Borroni, D; España Contreras, M; Rachwani Anil, R; Rocha-de-Lossada, C; Rodriguez Calvo de Mora, M; Zamorano Martín, F, 2020)	2.72
"Tamoxifen may cause proliferative effects in the endometrium. "	( Asymptomatic Atypical Hyperplasia and Endometriosis Following Treatment with Tamoxifen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Alghamdi, S; Boutross-Tadross, O; Grisdale, M; Luketic, L, 2021)	2.29
"Tamoxifen may cause hormone disturbance leading to the development of disorders in the pachychoroid spectrum."	( Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy Associated With Tamoxifen. Arf, S; Ersoz, MG; Hocaoglu, M; Karacorlu, M; Muslubas, IS, 2017)	1.43
"Tamoxifen plays a critical role in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. "	( Lobular breast cancer metastasis to uterus during adjuvant tamoxifen treatment: A case report and review of the literature. Aytekin, A; Benekli, M; Bilgetekin, I; Ciltas, A; Coskun, U; Ogut, B, )	1.82
"Tamoxifen acts to inhibit the intracellular action of protein kinase C, which is also an action of well-established treatments such as lithium and valproate."	( Tamoxifen for bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Palacios, J; Taylor, MJ; Yildiz, A; Young, AH, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen promotes the survival of FOX-3+ neurons in the injured area and a recovery in the amplitude of electrocorticogram waves."	( Tamoxifen favoured the rat sensorial cortex regeneration after a penetrating brain injury. De la Torre Valdovinos, B; Dueñas Jiménez, JM; Dueñas Jiménez, SH; Franco Rodríguez, NE; Hernández Hernández, L; López Ruiz, JR, 2013)	2.55
"Tamoxifen therapy may cause hepatic injury."	( Protective role of thymoquinone against liver damage induced by tamoxifen in female rats. Suddek, GM, 2014)	1.36
"The tamoxifen users had lower risks for overall fractures with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.52 and 0.59 in the crude and adjusted models (95 % CI = 0.45-0.61 and 0.51-0.69), respectively."	( Tamoxifen use reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in women with breast cancer in Asia: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Chen, HT; Hsu, HC; Hwang, WL; Muo, CH; Tsai, CH; Tzeng, HE, 2015)	2.34
"Tamoxifen was found to increase HER2/neu 1.5-fold to threefold in breast cancer cell lines that were HER2/neu non-amplified."	( NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is enhanced by tamoxifen in HER2/neu non-amplified, but not HER2/neu-amplified, breast cancer cells. Albers, AJ; Richards, JO; Smith, TS; Tjoe, JA, 2016)	1.39
"Tamoxifen seems to inhibit the process of hepatic fibrosis dose-dependently by suppressing the transcription of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta RI in an experimental model of periportal hepatic fibrosis."	( Antifibrogenic effects of tamoxifen in a rat model of periportal hepatic fibrosis. Chung, YH; Jang, MK; Kim, JA; Lee, HC; Lee, JK; Lee, YS; Park, NH; Ryu, SH; Shin, JW; Suh, DJ, 2009)	2.1
"Tamoxifen reversed this increase as well as inhibited nuclear translocation of angiogenin."	( Angiogenin regulation by estradiol in breast tissue: tamoxifen inhibits angiogenin nuclear translocation and antiangiogenin therapy reduces breast cancer growth in vivo. Abrahamsson, A; Dabrosin, C; Nilsson, UW, 2010)	1.33
"Tamoxifen was seen to suppress carrageenan-induced inflammation significantly. "	( Role of adrenal gland hormones in the anti-inflammatory effect mechanism of tamoxifen, a partial antagonist for oestrogen receptors, and relation with COX levels. Alp, HH; Borekci, B; Cadirci, E; Karaca, M; Kumbasar, S; Kumtepe, Y; Salman, S; Suleyman, H; Yildirim, K, 2011)	2.04
"Tamoxifen did not inhibit cell-free C6-GC synthesis in the P-gp/off or P-gp/on homogenates."	( Expression of P-glycoprotein in HeLa cells confers resistance to ceramide cytotoxicity. Cabot, MC; Chapman, JV; Gouazé-Andersson, V, 2010)	1.08
"Tamoxifen effects to increase uterine weight, decrease serum IGF-I, increase pituitary prolactin, and increase bone mineral density could be fully blocked by fulvestrant, indicating mediation by ERα/ERβ."	( Tamoxifen regulation of bone growth and endocrine function in the ovariectomized rat: discrimination of responses involving estrogen receptor α/estrogen receptor β, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, or estrogen-related receptor γ using fulvestrant (ICI Fitts, JM; Klein, RM; Powers, CA, 2011)	2.53
"Tamoxifen may increase diabetes incidence through its estrogen-inhibiting effects."	( Association between tamoxifen treatment and diabetes: a population-based study. Anderson, GM; Austin, P; Fischer, HD; Gruneir, A; Lipscombe, LL; Paszat, L; Rochon, PA; Yun, L, 2012)	1.42
"Tamoxifen may increase the risk of microvascular flap complications. "	( Tamoxifen increases the risk of microvascular flap complications in patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction. Kelley, BP; Kronowitz, SJ; Valero, V; Yi, M, 2012)	3.26
"Tamoxifen was able to blunt the rise in Gh mRNA in response to estradiol in females."	( Sexual dimorphism of growth hormone in the hypothalamus: regulation by estradiol. Addison, ML; Rissman, EF, 2012)	1.1
"Tamoxifen could inhibit the contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen lattices, indicating that tamoxifen may have potential effect on abnormal scar contraction in vivo."	( [The inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on human dermal fibroblast-populated collagen lattices]. Chen, B; George, WC; Hu, D; Margaret, AH; Xu, M; Zhu, X, 2002)	2.06
"Tamoxifen may cause malignant transformation of endometriosis through atypical endometriosis even in the postmenopausal state. "	( Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from an endometriotic cyst in a postmenopausal woman under tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer: a case report. Hirakawa, T; Kaku, T; Nakano, H; Ogawa, S; Okugawa, K, 2002)	1.97
"Tamoxifen actually activate the AP-1 transcription factor."	( Possible interaction between activator protein-1 and proto-oncogene B-cell lymphoma gene 6 in breast cancer patients resistant to tamoxifen. Altundag, K; Altundag, O; Arun, B; Gunduz, M, 2004)	1.25
"Tamoxifen alone did not increase urogenital tumors or affect arsenic-induced neoplasia but did increase arsenic-induced uroepithelial proliferative lesions."	( Urogenital carcinogenesis in female CD1 mice induced by in utero arsenic exposure is exacerbated by postnatal diethylstilbestrol treatment. Diwan, BA; Liu, J; Powell, DA; Waalkes, MP; Ward, JM, 2006)	1.06
"Tamoxifen may enhance risk for other neoplasias, especially endometrial cancer."	( The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the metabolism of tamoxifen and other tertiary amines. Hines, RN; Krueger, SK; Vandyke, JE; Williams, DE, 2006)	1.29
"Tamoxifen may increase mortality in women at the lower end of the "high-risk" range for breast cancer. "	( Chemoprevention: drug pricing and mortality: the case of tamoxifen. Barnato, A; Birch, S; Helms, LJ; Kuenneth, C; Kuppermann, M; Melnikow, J; Nuovo, J, 2006)	2.02
"Tamoxifen did not inhibit oestrogen-induced polysome aggregation."	( Tamoxifen-induced changes in the polyribosomes and associated mRNA of rat uterus. Knowler, JT; Wakeling, AE; Waters, AP, 1983)	2.43
"Tamoxifen produced a slower rise in nuclear estrogen receptor levels and never reached the levels achieved by estradiol or monohydroxytamoxifen."	( Modulation of rat uterine steroid hormone receptors by estrogen and antiestrogen. Dix, CJ; Jordan, VC, 1980)	0.98
"The tamoxifen-induced increase in IGFBP-1 plasma levels may be an important mechanism modulating IGF-I action at the tissue level."	( Plasma insulin-like growth factor I and its binding proteins 1 and 3 in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer receiving long term tamoxifen. Knip, M; Laatikainen, TJ; Lahti, EI, 1994)	1.05
"Tamoxifen plays a major role in the management of breast cancer in women and is currently used to a lesser extent in other neoplasias. "	( Tamoxifen inhibition of ocular melanoma cell attachment to matrix proteins. MacNeil, S; Rennie, IG; Wagner, M, 1994)	3.17
"Tamoxifen is known to inhibit the growth of some human mammary carcinoma cells; this effect is accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of cells synthesizing DNA. "	( Cell cycle kinetic effects of tamoxifen on human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analyses of DNA content, BrdU labeling, Ki-67, PCNA, and statin expression. Danova, M; Gibelli, N; Giordano, M; Mangiarotti, R; Mazzini, G; Pellicciari, C; Riccardi, A; Wang, E; Zibera, C, 1993)	2.02
"Tamoxifen is known to lower serum cholesterol levels, and the findings reported here indicate that the drug might also protect heart cell membranes against peroxidative damage."	( Tamoxifen inhibits lipid peroxidation in cardiac microsomes. Comparison with liver microsomes and potential relevance to the cardiovascular benefits associated with cancer prevention and treatment by tamoxifen. Arnstein, HR; Cannon, M; Halliwell, B; Wiseman, H, 1993)	2.45
"Tamoxifen was found to inhibit the proliferation of three of five leiomyoma-derived cell lines (ELT cell lines) in vitro, including an estrogen receptor-negative cell line."	( Presence of an insulin-like growth factor I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen. Ethier, SP; Howe, SR; Matthews, WJ; Pass, HI; Walker, C, 1996)	1.23
"Tamoxifen can produce a sonographic image of the endometrium that resembles endometrial neoplasia. "	( Ultrasonographic appearance of endometrium in postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. Arvas, M; Beşe, N; Beşe, T; Demirkiran, F; Kösebay, D; Mandel, N, 1996)	1.96
"Tamoxifen may cause tumor stimulation due to deregulation of [Ca2+]i or its consequences such as activity of protein kinase C, calmodulin and related protein kinases."	( Tamoxifen induces deregulation of [Ca2+] in human breast cancer cells. Jain, PT; Trump, BF, )	2.3
"Tamoxifen did not increase necrosis (which significantly decreased in treated tumours once they had regressed (p < 0.01)."	( Tamoxifen induced apoptosis in ZR-75 breast cancer xenografts antedates tumour regression. Anderson, TJ; Cameron, DA; Langdon, S; Miller, WR; Ritchie, AA, 1997)	2.46
"Thus tamoxifen is shown to cause an oestrogen-reversible decrease of es nucleoside transporters in MCF-7 cells."	( Reduction of equilibrative nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive nucleoside transporter in tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 cells: an oestrogen-reversible phenomenon. Goh, LB; Lee, CW, 1997)	0.98
"Tamoxifen also did not inhibit GH trends to increase tibia bone mineral density."	( Comparison of tamoxifen effects on the actions of triiodothyronine or growth hormone in the ovariectomized-hypothyroid rat. Fitts, JM; Klein, RM; Powers, CA, 1998)	1.38
"Tamoxifen may, however, cause adverse effects at the uterine level."	( Tamoxifen-induced uterine abnormalities: the role of imaging. Ascher, SM; Imaoka, I; Lage, JM, 2000)	2.47
"Tamoxifen caused an increase in %ED-FMD maximal at 28 days in the CAD group (2.1+/-0.3% to 7.5+/-0.7%; P<0.0001) and the NCA group (3.8+/-0.4% to 7.9+/-1.0%; P<0.0001), with no significant change in the untreated group."	( Tamoxifen effects on endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factors in men with advanced atherosclerosis. Clarke, SC; Grace, AA; Kirschenlohr, HL; Metcalfe, JC; Schofield, PM, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen alone did not produce side effects."	( Effect of endocrine treatment on sexuality in premenopausal breast cancer patients: a prospective randomized study. Berglund, G; Bolund, C; Nystedt, M; Rutquist, LE; Sjödén, PO, 2001)	1.03
"2. Tamoxifen was found to inhibit this in vitro-induced change."	( Tamoxifen inhibition of an in vitro oestradiol-induced surface coat change on mouse blastocysts. Bloxham, PA; Pugh, DM, 1977)	2.21
"Tamoxifen did not enhance the toxicity of vinblastine."	( High-dose oral tamoxifen, a potential multidrug-resistance-reversal agent: phase I trial in combination with vinblastine. Ellis, PG; Fine, RL; Jordan, VC; Panella, TJ; Rogers, MP; Schold, SC; Smith, DC; Trump, DL; Winer, EP, 1992)	1.36
"The Tamoxifen did not produce any significant change in the metabolic clearance rate, the plasma concentration or the calculated blood production rate of testosterone."	( Effects of tamoxifen on testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Bird, CE; Clark, AF; Masters, V; Sterns, EE, 1985)	1.14
"Tamoxifen does not inhibit the Ca2+- and phospholipid-independent phosphorylation of protamine sulfate by protein kinase C, indicating that the drug does not interact with the active site of the enzyme."	( Inhibition of protein kinase C by tamoxifen. Liskamp, RM; O'Brian, CA; Solomon, DH; Weinstein, IB, 1985)	1.27
"Tamoxifen did not cause tumor growth."	( Estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors implanted in athymic mice: a model to study the tumoristatic action of tamoxifen. Gottardis, MM; Jordan, VC; Robinson, SP, 1988)	1.21
"Tamoxifen citrate did cause regression of the breasts."	( Virginal hypertrophy. Pernoll, ML; Ryan, RF, 1985)	0.99
"Tamoxifen (TAM) has a lower affinity to ER compared with one of its main metabolites, 4-OH-TAM."	( Antiestrogen binding sites in human breast cancer biopsies. Measurement ligand-specificity and affinity, and correlation to estrogen and progesterone receptors. Borg, A; Fernö, M, )	0.85

Treatment

Tamoxifen/trastuzumab treatment had a significant effect on pathways essential for the control of energy-production, which have previously been linked to cancer progression, and aggressiveness. Tamox ifen may induce dysregulation of estrogen homeostasis, leading to the occurrence of related adverse reactions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tamoxifen/trastuzumab treatment had a significant effect on pathways essential for the control of energy-production, which have previously been linked to cancer progression, and aggressiveness."	( Untargeted Metabolomics of Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 and SkBr3 Treated With Tamoxifen/Trastuzumab. Al-Hroub, HM; Almehdi, A; Alniss, H; El-Awady, R; Giddey, AD; Mousa, M; Semreen, MH; Sharaf, BM; Soares, NC, )	1.8
"Tamoxifen-treated, but not aromatase-treated patients had a poor survival when BCL3 scores were high."	( BCL3 expression is strongly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer relapse under tamoxifen treatment in a retrospective cohort study. Cornelius, M; Czapiewski, P; Dittmer, A; Dittmer, J; Hartig, R; Haybaeck, J; Ignatov, A; Kalinski, T; Nass, N, 2022)	1.66
"Tamoxifen treatment may induce dysregulation of estrogen homeostasis, leading to the occurrence of related adverse reactions. "	( The inhibition of tamoxifen on UGT2B gene expression and enzyme activity in rat liver contribute to the estrogen homeostasis dysregulation. Hao, Z; He, S; Liu, Z; Wang, Z; Xu, J; Yin, X; Zhang, B; Zhao, H; Zhou, W; Zhou, X, 2022)	2.5
"Tamoxifen-treated patients can develop mild and transient thyroid dysfunction within the first 12 months, yet further significant changes in thyroid function beyond one year of tamoxifen treatment have been reported in a single study. "	( Influence of the anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and letrozole on thyroid function in women with early and advanced breast cancer: A systematic review. Andersson, M; Buch-Larsen, K; Gillberg, L; Marina, D; Rasmussen, ÅK; Schwarz, P, 2023)	2.63
"tamoxifen vs. no added treatment affects hormonal composition and size of stimulated ovarian follicles."	( Hormone concentrations of dominant follicles in the TALES randomized controlled trial comparing letrozole with tamoxifen. Abel, MK; Juarez-Hernandez, F; Letourneau, JM; Mok-Lin, E; Rosen, MP; Wang, A, 2022)	1.65
"Tamoxifen treatment."	( Risk of Endometrial Polyps, Hyperplasia, Carcinoma, and Uterine Cancer After Tamoxifen Treatment in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer. Jeong, HG; Kim, MS; Kim, T; Lee, JY; Nam, S; Park, H; Ryu, KJ, 2022)	2.39
"Tamoxifen treatment ameliorated high glucose-induced MMT of HPMCs, improved ultrafiltration rate, and decreased PSTR of mouse peritoneum."	( Tamoxifen exerts anti-peritoneal fibrosis effects by inhibiting H19-activated VEGFA transcription. Guo, Z; Lai, X; Li, S; Liu, L; Lu, H; Sun, Z; Yuan, JH; Zhao, T, 2023)	3.07
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly facilitated functional restoration of working memory impairment in mice after white matter injury, thus indicating a translational potential for this estrogen receptor modulator given its clinical safety and applicability for WMLs, which lack of currently available treatments."	( Tamoxifen promotes white matter recovery and cognitive functions in male mice after chronic hypoperfusion. Chen, Y; Fang, Y; Huang, Q; Pan, D; Tian, H; Tian, Y; Wan, Y; Wang, W; Xie, M, 2019)	2.68
"Tamoxifen treatment increased the weight of the uterus and the level of UCA1, while decreasing the expression of miR‑144."	( Metformin alleviates endometrial hyperplasia through the UCA1/miR‑144/TGF‑β1/AKT signaling pathway. Guo, M; Huang, W; Zhou, JJ, 2020)	1.28
"Tamoxifen- treated patients with recurrence or non-recurrence were selected using a matched case-control design."	( Evaluation of SPP1/osteopontin expression as predictor of recurrence in tamoxifen treated breast cancer. Andersson, G; Göthlin Eremo, A; Lagergren, K; Montgomery, S; Othman, L; Tina, E, 2020)	1.51
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with improved DFS for MBC patients."	( Survival benefit of tamoxifen in male breast cancer: prospective cohort analysis. Brucker, C; Costa, SD; Eggemann, H; Flock, F; Ignatov, A; Reinisch, M; Schrauder, M; Thill, M, 2020)	2.32
"Tamoxifen-treated mice were compared to corn oil (vehicle)-treated mice."	( Effects of tamoxifen on tendon homeostasis and healing: Considerations for the use of tamoxifen-inducible mouse models. Ackerman, JE; Awad, HA; Best, KT; Cobb, J; Knapp, E; Loiselle, AE; Myers, M; Nichols, AEC; Studentsova, V, 2021)	1.73
"Tamoxifen treatment causes down-regulation, mutation, or loss in estrogen receptors."	( COVID-19 infection can cause chemotherapy resistance development in patients with breast cancer and tamoxifen may cause susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Cumhur Cure, M; Cure, E; Kadiyoran, C; Vatansev, H, 2020)	1.5
"Tamoxifen treatment duration longer than 1500 days or with cumulative dosage higher than 26 320 mg have especially lowered risk of meningioma."	( Tamoxifen prevention of meningioma and its proposal for the treatment of meningioma. Revisiting old data in the light of recent epidemiological observations. Altinoz, MA, 2021)	2.79
"Tamoxifen treatment median duration was 1.4 years IQR[0.4-3.2]."	( Tamoxifen. A treatment for meningioma? Champeaux-Depond, C; Weller, J, 2021)	2.79
"Tamoxifen treatment is associated with decreased relapse rate (RR = 0.70, p value < 0.001); however, it did not effect on HER2 positive ones (RR = 1, p value = 0.99)."	( Evaluating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 roles in the efficacy of Tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer, a systematic review. Farahmand, L; Ghahremanlou, M; Majidzadeh-A, K; Mansouri, S; Mokhtari-Hesari, P; Moradi-Kalbolandi, S; Naghavi-Al-Hosseini, F; Seyednejad, SA, 2021)	1.57
"Tamoxifen-treated patients retained motor and respiratory function, compared with a significant deterioration of age-matched historical control patients receiving corticosteroids only."	( Safety and clinical outcome of tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Avrahami, R; Ben-Sasson, S; Dor, T; Eliav, O; Lavi, E; Simchovitz, E; Tsabari, R, 2021)	1.63
"Tamoxifen treatment was applied to corroborate the estrogenic effect."	( Estrogen induces CXCR4 overexpression and CXCR4/CXL12 pathway activation in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Cerbón Cervantes, MA; Ignacio, GS; Rodriguez-Lara, V, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen treatment inhibited the CXCR4 overexpression observed in estrogen-treated groups, demonstrating that estrogen strongly influences CXCR4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells."	( Estrogen induces CXCR4 overexpression and CXCR4/CXL12 pathway activation in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Cerbón Cervantes, MA; Ignacio, GS; Rodriguez-Lara, V, 2017)	1.18
"Tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients is associated with increased risk of endometrial malignancies. "	( Tamoxifen-Dependent Induction of AGR2 Is Associated with Increased Aggressiveness of Endometrial Cancer Cells. Bouchal, P; Durech, M; Faktor, J; Hrstka, R; Nenutil, R; Obacz, J; Podhorec, J; Skoupilova, H; Sommerova, L; Vojtesek, B, 2017)	3.34
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with elevated incidence of carcinosarcoma among women with uterine sarcoma, but was not found to be associated with prognosis or with co-morbidities."	( High Incidence of Carcinosarcoma among Patients Previously Treated with Tamoxifen. Arnon, E; Auslender, R; Gemer, O; Goldberg, Y; Kaldawy, A; Lavie, O; Segev, Y; Siegler, E, 2017)	2.13
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, DKK-1 levels were reduced by 35% (p < 0.01) one year after surgery but remained unaltered in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors."	( Adjuvant tamoxifen but not aromatase inhibitor therapy decreases serum levels of the Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1 while not affecting sclerostin in breast cancer patients. Browne, AJ; Göbel, A; Hofbauer, LC; Kuhlmann, JD; Link, T; Rachner, TD; Rauner, M; Wimberger, P, 2017)	1.39
"Tamoxifen-treated, 70-gene low- and high-risk patients had 20-year BCSS of 90 and 83%, as compared to 80 and 65% for untreated patients, respectively (log-rank p < 0.0001). "	( Tamoxifen therapy benefit for patients with 70-gene signature high and low risk. Benz, CC; Esserman, LJ; Fornander, T; Lindström, LS; Nordenskjöld, B; Stål, O; van 't Veer, LJ; Yau, C; Yu, NY, 2017)	3.34
"Tamoxifen treatment does not seem to accentuate structural changes in patients with MacTel type 2. "	( Potential Effects of Hormone Therapy in Type 2 Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia. Bird, AC; Chew, EY; Clemons, TE; Leung, I; Peto, T; Sallo, FB; Wolf-Schnurrbusch, UEK, 2018)	1.92
"Tamoxifen-pretreated inguinal fat showed beige fat features, with smaller adipocyte size, up-regulated uncoupling protein 1 expression, and improved vascularization. "	( Tamoxifen-Prefabricated Beige Adipose Tissue Improves Fat Graft Survival in Mice. Cai, J; Li, B; Liao, Y; Liu, K; Lu, F; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2018)	3.37
"Tamoxifen treatment before fat grafting resulted in prefabricated vascularized beige fat with small adipocytes, which greatly improve fat graft survival. "	( Tamoxifen-Prefabricated Beige Adipose Tissue Improves Fat Graft Survival in Mice. Cai, J; Li, B; Liao, Y; Liu, K; Lu, F; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2018)	3.37
"Tamoxifen treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer reduces mortality by 31%. "	( Association of tamoxifen resistance and lipid reprogramming in breast cancer. Hultsch, S; Ikonen, E; Kallioniemi, O; Kangaspeska, S; Kankainen, M; Kovanen, RM; Paavolainen, L; Pietiäinen, V, 2018)	2.28
"Tamoxifen treatment ameliorated UUO-induced renal fibrosis as shown by decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). "	( Tamoxifen ameliorates obstructive nephropathy through Src and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Bae, EH; Choi, JS; Kim, CS; Kim, IJ; Kim, SW; Ma, SK, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen treatment greatly reduces a woman's risk of developing a second primary breast cancer. "	( CYP2D6 phenotype, tamoxifen, and risk of contralateral breast cancer in the WECARE Study. Bernstein, JL; Bernstein, L; Brooks, JD; Comen, EA; Doody, DR; John, EM; Knight, JA; Leong, SF; Liang, X; Lynch, CF; Malone, KE; Mellemkjær, L; Orlow, I; Reiner, AS; Woods, M, 2018)	2.26
"Tamoxifen treatment is important assistant for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (BRCA) after resection. "	( Tamoxifen therapy benefit predictive signature combining with prognostic signature in surgical-only ER-positive breast cancer. Jin, WH; Lv, F; Sun, AJ; Wang, ZR; Zhang, XL, 2019)	3.4
"Tamoxifen treatment of ER-positive cells inhibited ERα and LINC00472 expression and increased p65 and IκBα phosphorylation."	( ERα upregulates the expression of long non-coding RNA LINC00472 which suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κB in breast cancer. Biglia, N; Chu, WM; Deng, X; Fei, P; Fu, Y; Jia, W; Katsaros, D; Lin, H; Loo, L; Ni, Y; Qian, B; Shen, Y; Wang, Z; Yu, H; Yu, X, 2019)	1.24
"Upon tamoxifen treatment, reporter protein mEGFP was observed in the junctional zone (JZ) and chorionic plate (CP)."	( The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha promoter-directed expression of cre recombinase in mouse placenta. Lee, S; Natale, DRC; Qiao, L; Shao, J; Wattez, JS, 2019)	0.97
"Tamoxifen-treated patients with ER+ tumors (n = 310) who consumed two or more cups/day had significantly decreased risk for early events compared to patients with low consumption, adjusted HR 0.40 (0.19-0.83)."	( Coffee prevents early events in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients and modulates hormone receptor status. Henningson, M; Hjertberg, M; Ingvar, C; Jernström, H; Rose, C; Simonsson, M; Söderlind, V, 2013)	1.39
"Tamoxifen treatment is associated with a reduction in mammographic density and an improved survival. "	( Mammographic density reduction is a prognostic marker of response to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Czene, K; Edgren, G; Eriksson, L; Hall, P; Humphreys, K; Li, J, 2013)	2.06
"Tamoxifen-treatment preserved the fibrinolytic capacity of MCs treated with TGF-β1 and decreased their migration capacity."	( Tamoxifen ameliorates peritoneal membrane damage by blocking mesothelial to mesenchymal transition in peritoneal dialysis. Aguilera, AI; Bajo, MA; del Peso, G; Fernández-Millara, V; Gónzalez-Mateo, G; Guerra-Azcona, G; López-Cabrera, M; Loureiro, J; Sánchez-Tomero, JA; Sandoval, P; Santamaria, B; Selgas, R, 2013)	2.55
"Tamoxifen treatment induced efficient recombination of PTHrP-floxed alleles and decreased PTHrP expression in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells of PTHrPSM-/- mice."	( Knockdown of parathyroid hormone related protein in smooth muscle cells alters renal hemodynamics but not blood pressure. Barthelmebs, M; Chambon, P; Coquard, C; Helwig, JJ; Hochane, M; Karaplis, AC; Massfelder, T; Metzger, D; Moulin, B; Raison, D; Steger, J, 2013)	1.11
"In tamoxifen-treated patients Low-MKS/Low-ERS cancers had continuously increasing risk of relapse that was higher after 5 years than Low-MKS/High-ERS cancers [0 to 10 year, HR 3.36; p = 0.013]."	( Proliferation and estrogen signaling can distinguish patients at risk for early versus late relapse among estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Becker, S; Bianchini, G; Del Conte, G; Fasolo, A; Gianni, L; Haibe-Kains, B; Holtrich, U; Iwamoto, T; Karn, T; Kelly, C; Müller, V; Pusztai, L; Qi, Y; Rody, A; Santarpia, L; Schmidt, S; Sotiriou, C; Symmans, WF; Zambetti, M, 2013)	0.9
"In tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients the occurrence of hot flashes may be associated with effective estrogen receptor antagonism dependent on genetic variations of metabolic enzymes and the estrogen receptor. "	( CYP2D6 genotype in relation to hot flashes as tamoxifen side effect in a Dutch cohort of the tamoxifen exemestane adjuvant multinational (TEAM) trial. Berns, EM; Dezentjé, VO; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Kranenbarg, EM; Nortier, JW; Putter, H; Seynaeve, C; Van de Velde, CJ; Van der Straaten, T; Van Schaik, RH; Vletter-Bogaartz, JM; Wessels, JA, 2014)	1.28
"Tamoxifen treatment increased aromatase promoter activity through an enhanced recruitment of c-fos/c-jun complex to AP-1 responsive elements located within the promoter region."	( Tamoxifen through GPER upregulates aromatase expression: a novel mechanism sustaining tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Andò, S; Barone, I; Bonofiglio, D; Catalano, S; Chemi, F; Fuqua, SA; Giordano, C; Lanzino, M; Maggiolini, M; Panza, S; Rizza, P; Romeo, F, 2014)	2.57
"Tamoxifen treatment of the first cancer has been associated with a reduction in the risk of a subsequent contralateral cancer."	( Duration of tamoxifen use and the risk of contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Ainsworth, P; Demsky, R; Eisen, A; Eng, C; Foulkes, WD; Gilchrist, DM; Ginsburg, O; Gronwald, J; Huzarski, T; Kim-Sing, C; Lubinski, J; Lynch, HT; Manoukian, S; Moller, P; Narod, SA; Neuhausen, SL; Olopade, O; Robidoux, A; Saal, H; Senter, L; Singer, CF; Sun, P; Tung, N; Weitzel, J, 2014)	1.5
"Tamoxifen treatment was continued for 14 days after UUO operation."	( Tamoxifen ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by modulation of estrogen receptor α-mediated transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Jung, YJ; Kang, KP; Kim, D; Kim, W; Lee, AS; Lee, S; Park, SK; Yang, KH, 2014)	2.57
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly decreased UUO-induced renal tubular injury and fibrosis."	( Tamoxifen ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by modulation of estrogen receptor α-mediated transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Jung, YJ; Kang, KP; Kim, D; Kim, W; Lee, AS; Lee, S; Park, SK; Yang, KH, 2014)	2.57
"In tamoxifen-treated cases, ERK1/2 expression was an independent prognostic marker of longer survival."	( ERK1/2 is related to oestrogen receptor and predicts outcome in hormone-treated breast cancer. Abduljabbar, R; Alabdullah, M; Alkaabi, M; Ellis, IO; Green, AR; Jerjees, DA; Muftah, A; Nolan, C; Rakha, EA, 2014)	0.92
"Tamoxifen treatment after and/or before induction of silicosis decreased lung fibrosis score with blood TGF-β levels. "	( Tamoxifen citrate: a glimmer of hope for silicosis. Akbiyik, F; Akin, T; Alici, IO; Bilgin, BC; Karaca, N; Karaca, T; Simsek, GG; Uzdogan, A; Yilmaz, OH; Yoldas, O; Yoldas, S, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen treatment in these mice strongly reduced connexin 40 mRNA and protein expression in the kidneys."	( Inducible deletion of connexin 40 in adult mice causes hypertension and disrupts pressure control of renin secretion. Gerl, M; Kurt, B; Kurtz, A; van Veen, TA; Vöckl, J; Wagner, C, 2015)	1.14
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, tumours with high PKD1 mRNA levels (n = 77, 50.66%) were significantly associated with less metastasis-free survival than tumours with low PKD1 mRNA expression (n = 75, 49.34%; P = 0.031)."	( Protein kinase D1 regulates ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth response to 17β-estradiol and contributes to poor prognosis in patients. Auclair, C; Bièche, I; Karam, M; Legay, C; Ricort, JM; Vacher, S, 2014)	0.92
"Tamoxifen treatment of high MD tissue in SCID mice led to a decrease in stromal (p = 0.009), and an increase in adipose (p = 0.023) percent areas, compared to placebo-treated mice."	( Effects of Tamoxifen and oestrogen on histology and radiographic density in high and low mammographic density human breast tissues maintained in murine tissue engineering chambers. Blick, T; Britt, K; Cawson, J; Chew, GL; Frazer, H; Haviv, I; Henderson, MA; Hill, P; Hopper, JL; Huang, D; Huo, CW; Southey, MC; Thompson, EW, 2014)	1.51
"With tamoxifen treatment (n=6) (68)Ga-AMBA uptake plateaued after 1week and decreased after 2weeks, with a significant reduction compared to controls (n=4)."	( (68)Ga-AMBA and (18)F-FDG for preclinical PET imaging of breast cancer: effect of tamoxifen treatment on tracer uptake by tumor. Cagnolini, A; Gruaz-Guyon, A; Lantry, LE; Montravers, F; Nataf, V; Nunn, AD; Prignon, A; Provost, C; Talbot, JN, 2015)	1.1
"Tamoxifen is a major treatment modality for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but the occurrence of resistance remains a problem. "	( Synergy of leptin/STAT3 with HER2 receptor induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells through regulation of apoptosis-related genes. Dubos, S; Palianopoulou, M; Papanikolaou, V; Papathanasiou, I; Stefanou, N; Tsezou, A; Valiakou, V, 2015)	2.11
"Tamoxifen treatment and radiotherapy improve both local tumor control and patient survival."	( Altered radiation responses of breast cancer cells resistant to hormonal therapy. Kovalchuk, O; Luzhna, L; Lykkesfeldt, AE, 2015)	1.14
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, breast cancer recurrence differs according to CYP2D6 genotype and endoxifen steady-state concentrations (Endx Css). "	( Evaluation of CYP2D6 enzyme activity using a 13C-dextromethorphan breath test in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Ames, MM; Black, JL; Buhrow, SA; Gilbert, JA; Goetz, MP; Ingle, JN; Kosel, ML; Modak, AS; Northfelt, DW; Reid, JM; Rosen, D; Safgren, SL; Suman, VJ, 2015)	1.25
"Tamoxifen-treated SMMHC-Cre(ERT2)/Myocd(F/F) conditional mutant mice die within 6 mo of Myocd gene deletion, exhibiting profound derangements in the structure of great arteries as well as the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts."	( Myocardin is required for maintenance of vascular and visceral smooth muscle homeostasis during postnatal development. Huang, J; Li, L; Parmacek, MS; Small, A; Wang, T; Wright, AC; Yang, J; Zhou, S, 2015)	1.14
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly accelerated Twist1 degradation in multiple cell lines including HEK293 human kidney cells, 4T1 and 168FARN mouse mammary tumor cells with either ectopically or endogenously expressed Twist1."	( Tamoxifen inhibits ER-negative breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by accelerating Twist1 degradation. He, J; Lonard, DM; Ma, G; Martinez, J; Xu, J; Xu, Y; Yu, X; Yu, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen treatment coupled with miR-21 inhibition could therefore be an effective strategy for the treatment of malignant gliomas."	( Tamoxifen-Induced Cell Death of Malignant Glioma Cells Is Brought About by Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Alterations in the Expression of BCL2 Family Members and Is Enhanced on miR-21 Inhibition. Harmalkar, M; Kazi, S; Shirsat, NV; Upraity, S, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen is the treatment of choice in estrogen receptor alpha breast cancer patients that are eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapy. "	( Tamoxifen induces a pluripotency signature in breast cancer cells and human tumors. Alexakis, K; Askoxilakis, J; Castanas, E; Kampa, M; Laliotis, A; Notas, G; Pelekanou, V; Sfakianakis, S; Tsapis, A; Tsentelierou, E; Tzardi, M, 2015)	3.3
"Tamoxifen treatment effects on body composition, energy homeostasis, parameters of AT biology, glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated up to an age of 18 weeks."	( Tamoxifen affects glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, causes browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue and transient body composition changes in C57BL/6NTac mice. Berger, C; Blüher, M; Gericke, M; Hesselbarth, N; Klöting, N; Kunath, A; Pettinelli, C; Stumvoll, M, 2015)	2.58
"Tamoxifen, used for treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer, is converted to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and other metabolites by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. "	( Does purified Swedish pollen extract, a nonhormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms, inhibit the CYP2D6 enzyme system? Druckmann, R; Espié, M; Goldstein, SR, 2015)	1.86
"Thus tamoxifen treatment could potentially effect pubertal bone development."	( The effect of tamoxifen on pubertal bone development in adolescents with pubertal gynecomastia. Akgül, S; Derman, O; Kanbur, N, 2016)	1.25
"For tamoxifen- treated patients, no statistically significant difference in rate of recurrence observed between CYP2D6 metabolic variants in stage 3 and post-menopausal patients."	( CYP2D6 Genotype and Risk of Recurrence in Tamoxifen Treated Breast Cancer Patients. Gholi-Nataj, M; Nazari, T; Neamatzadeh, H; Rafieian, S; Sheikhha, MH; Yazdi, MF, 2015)	1.16
"Tamoxifen treatment reduced FeCl2-induced brain edema in male mice."	( Effects of Gender and Estrogen Receptors on Iron-Induced Brain Edema Formation. Hua, Y; Keep, RF; Xi, G; Xie, Q, 2016)	1.16
"Tamoxifen treatment decreased BALF neutrophil counts (65.3 ± 19.38% before treatment; 7.6 ± 4.5% 2 days post-treatment,; and 13.6 ± 9.3% 5 days post-treatment). "	( Tamoxifen as a new therapeutic tool for neutrophilic lung inflammation. Folch, H; Galesio, JS; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Morán, G; Perez, B; Sarmiento, J; Uberti, B, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen treatment in horses with induced acute pulmonary inflammation promoted early apoptosis of blood and BALF neutrophils, reduction in BALF neutrophils and improvement in the animals' clinical status."	( Tamoxifen as a new therapeutic tool for neutrophilic lung inflammation. Folch, H; Galesio, JS; Henriquez, C; Morales, N; Morán, G; Perez, B; Sarmiento, J; Uberti, B, 2016)	3.32
"Tamoxifen treatment reduced ovarian weight independently from effects on antral follicle populations, as there was no difference in visible antral follicle numbers on the day of collection."	( Prepubertal tamoxifen treatment affects development of heifer reproductive tissues and related signaling pathways. Akers, RM; Al Naib, A; Bartol, FF; Keisler, DH; Rhoads, ML; Rhoads, RP; Tucker, HLM; Xie, G, 2016)	1.53
"Tamoxifen treatment repressed the expression of cyclins by MPM cells, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and caspase-3-coupled apoptosis signaling."	( Tamoxifen Suppresses the Growth of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Dahlan, IM; Harvey, BJ; Jennings, CJ; Kay, EW; Thomas, W; Zainal, N, 2016)	2.6
"Tamoxifen treatment produced a rapid and near complete loss of Foxd3 mRNA and protein."	( Regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency by Foxd3. Labosky, PA; Liu, Y, 2008)	1.07
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced methylation at Igf2-H19 ICR in epididymal sperm. "	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on global and insulin-like growth factor 2-H19 locus-specific DNA methylation in rat spermatozoa and its association with embryo loss. Balasinor, N; D'Souza, R; Gill-Sharma, M; Kedia-Mokashi, N; Maitra, A; Parte, P; Pathak, S; Saxena, M, 2009)	2.2
"Tamoxifen treatment reduced the induction of major histocompatibility complex II by lipopolysaccharide stimulated dendritic cells and decreased their ability to activate myelin specific T-cells."	( Treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators regulates myelin specific T-cells and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Bebo, BF; Dehghani, B; Foster, S; Kurniawan, A; Lopez, FJ; Sherman, LS, 2009)	1.07
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in a 0.5% increase from baseline in BMD at the spine, which was maintained at 12 months."	( Effects of exemestane and tamoxifen on bone health within the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multicentre (TEAM) trial: results of a German, 12-month, prospective, randomised substudy. Dornoff, W; Hadji, P; Hasenburg, A; Kieback, DG; Kuck, J; Melchert, F; Menschik, T; Tessen, HW; Ziller, M, 2009)	1.37
"Tamoxifen treatment primarily induces cytostasis (growth arrest) and the surviving breast cancer cells commonly acquire tamoxifen resistance."	( Autophagy facilitates the progression of ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells to antiestrogen resistance. Barrett, JT; Jackson, WH; Periyasamy-Thandavan, S; Samaddar, JS; Schoenlein, PV, 2009)	1.07
"When tamoxifen-treated patients were selected, an absence of stromal Cav-1 was a strong predictor of poor clinical outcome, suggestive of tamoxifen resistance."	( An absence of stromal caveolin-1 expression predicts early tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome in human breast cancers. Brody, JR; Dasgupta, A; Kleer, CG; Lisanti, MP; Mercier, I; Pestell, RG; Sabel, M; Sotgia, F; Witkiewicz, AK, 2009)	0.81
"Tamoxifen-treated women (n=297) were genotyped for CYP2D6 variants and assigned a 'score' based on predicted allele activities from 0 (no activity) to 2 (high activity)."	( Cytochrome P450 2D6 activity predicts discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients. Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Hayes, DF; Henry, NL; Kim, S; Li, L; Nguyen, AT; Oesterreich, S; Rae, JM; Sikora, MJ; Skaar, TC; Stearns, V; Storniolo, AM, 2009)	1.32
"Tamoxifen treatment of HER-2/neu transgenic mice combined to anti-HER-2/neu cell vaccine did not hamper the efficacy of cancer immunoprevention, and caused a significantly increased production of interferon-gamma."	( Tamoxifen combined to anti-HER-2/neu cell vaccine does not hamper cancer immunopreventive efficacy. Antognoli, A; Croci, S; De Giovanni, C; Grosso, V; Ianzano, ML; Iezzi, M; Landuzzi, L; Lollini, PL; Murgo, A; Musiani, P; Nanni, P; Nicoletti, G; Palladini, A; Stivani, V, 2009)	2.52
"Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer does not appear to increase the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers."	( Tamoxifen and the risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Domchek, S; Isaacs, C; Kauff, ND; Lubinski, J; Lynch, HT; Narod, SA; Rosen, B; Sun, P; Tung, N; Vicus, D, 2009)	3.24
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly increased RFS in patients with estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive (ER(+)/PR(+)) tumors with low EPOR expression (P = 0.001) but had no effect on RFS in patients with tumors with high EPOR expression (P = 0.98)."	( Erythropoietin receptor expression and correlation to tamoxifen response and prognosis in breast cancer. Fredlund, E; Jirström, K; Landberg, G; Larsson, AM; Nilsson, S; Påhlman, S; Rydén, L, 2009)	1.32
"Tamoxifen, an effective treatment of breast cancer, has been shown to cause ocular toxic effects. "	( Retinal function in patients treated with tamoxifen. Berezovsky, A; Gebrim, LH; Motono, M; Pereira, JM; Sacai, PY; Sallum, JM; Salomão, SR; Watanabe, SE, 2010)	2.07
"Tamoxifen treatment induced cell death in the hippocampus formation of the prenatal and postnatal rat. "	( Effects of tamoxifen on morphological and ultrastructural aspects of developing hippocampus of rat. Kordestani Shargh, B; Najafzadeh, N; Nobakht, M, 2009)	2.19
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, LRR was significantly associated with RS risk groups (P < .001). "	( Association between the 21-gene recurrence score assay and risk of locoregional recurrence in node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: results from NSABP B-14 and NSABP B-20. Costantino, JP; Fisher, B; Geyer, CE; Mamounas, EP; Paik, S; Shak, S; Tang, G; Watson, D; Wickerham, DL; Wolmark, N, 2010)	0.98
"Upon tamoxifen treatment, these mice showed genomic recombination in the tissues where endogenous Sall1 is expressed."	( A mouse line expressing Sall1-driven inducible Cre recombinase in the kidney mesenchyme. Fujimura, S; Inoue, M; Inoue, S; Nishinakamura, R, 2010)	0.82
"Tamoxifen treatments may be associated with an increased rate of PD; however these effects act after four years, are of limited duration, and the adverse effect is overwhelmed by the protection against breast recurrence conferred by tamoxifen therapy."	( Risk of Parkinson's disease after tamoxifen treatment. Destefano, AL; Dybdahl, M; Lash, TL; Latourelle, JC; Myers, RH, 2010)	1.36
"Tamoxifen treatment in EPS patients is associated with lower mortality and shows a trend to an increased multivariate-adjusted survival. "	( Tamoxifen is associated with lower mortality of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: results of the Dutch Multicentre EPS Study. Betjes, MG; Fieren, MW; Korte, MR; Lingsma, HF; Sampimon, DE; Weimar, W, 2011)	3.25
"Tamoxifen-treated patients with estrogen receptor-positive tumors expressing none or low levels of HOXB13 had a clear benefit from tamoxifen in terms of longer distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) (hazard ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.23 to 0.60, P = 0.000048). "	( Predictive relevance of HOXB13 protein expression for tamoxifen benefit in breast cancer. Fornander, T; Jansson, A; Jerevall, PL; Nordenskjöld, B; Skoog, L; Stål, O, 2010)	2.05
"Tamoxifen treatment induced almost complete recombination in white adipose tissue of the AdipoqCreER(T)² mouse line (97%-99%), while no recombination was seen in vehicle-treated animals."	( Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated recombination in adipocytes. Offermanns, S; Sassmann, A; Wettschureck, N, 2010)	2.52
"In tamoxifen treated patients, there was weak evidence that the poor-metaboliser variant, CYP2D6*6 (MAF = 0.01), was associated with decreased BCSS (P = 0.02; HR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.12-3.40). "	( CYP2D6 gene variants: association with breast cancer specific survival in a cohort of breast cancer patients from the United Kingdom treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Abraham, JE; Baynes, C; Caldas, C; Driver, KE; Dunning, AM; Earl, HM; Greenberg, D; Ingle, S; Kalmyrzaev, B; Luccarini, C; Maranian, MJ; Pharoah, PD; Platte, R; Shah, M, 2010)	1.18
"In tamoxifen-treated animals, the mean infarct volume reduction was 40% (p < 0.05) and the mean CSS was significantly less than vehicle-treated animals (p < 0.001)."	( Tamoxifen as an effective neuroprotectant in an endovascular canine model of stroke. Boulos, AS; Dalfino, JC; Deshaies, EM; Drazin, D; Feustel, PJ; Popp, AJ, 2011)	2.33
"Tamoxifen treatment of MDA-435 breast cancer cells enhanced the CD44(+) /CD176(+) phenotype."	( Expression of CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) on lung, breast and liver cancer-initiating cells. Cao, Y; Cheng, RC; Goletz, S; Karsten, U; Lin, WM, 2011)	1.09
"In tamoxifen-treated cohorts, the 23 gene ER expression signature predicted clinical outcome (HR = 2.20, P = 0.00035)."	( Minimising immunohistochemical false negative ER classification using a complementary 23 gene expression signature of ER status. Eklund, AC; Haibe-Kains, B; Juul, N; Li, Q; Richardson, AL; Swanton, C; Szallasi, Z; Workman, CT, 2010)	0.87
"Tamoxifen treatment (vs no treatment) saved 29 QALYs in a population of 1000 postmenopausal women aged <55 years with an additional cost of $333,000 over the population's lifetime (average cost-effectiveness ratio, $11,530 per QALY). "	( Cost-effectiveness of chemoprevention of breast cancer using tamoxifen in a postmenopausal US population. Alperin, P; Dinh, TA; Green, LE; Noah-Vanhoucke, J; Smith, RA, 2011)	2.05
"Tamoxifen used in the treatment of breast cancer is reported to cause hepatic steatosis. "	( Incidence and risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in females treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer. Akhondi-Meybodi, M; Hashemian, Z; Moaiedi, M; Mortazavy-Zadah, MR, 2011)	2.04
"The tamoxifen-treated mice developed a severe peripheral neuropathy that was associated with dramatic alterations in peripheral nerve structure and function."	( Sox10 is required for Schwann-cell homeostasis and myelin maintenance in the adult peripheral nerve. Bremer, M; Fröb, F; Kichko, T; Reeh, P; Suter, U; Tamm, ER; Wegner, M, 2011)	0.85
"Tamoxifen (Tam) treatment is a first-line endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-α-positive breast cancer patients. "	( Farnesoid X receptor inhibits tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth through downregulation of HER2 expression. Andò, S; Barone, I; Bonofiglio, D; Catalano, S; Fuqua, SA; Gelsomino, L; Giordano, C; Panza, S; Rizza, P; Vizza, D, 2011)	2.1
"Tamoxifen treatment for 6 months did not result in a significantly greater concentration of E2 or in any of the other analytes in DLF of pre- or postmenopausal women."	( Breast ductal lavage for assessment of breast cancer biomarkers. Bryk, M; Chatterton, RT; Habe-Evans, M; Khan, SA; Parker, NP; Scholtens, DM, 2010)	1.08
"Tamoxifen treatment strongly reduced the production of the T."	( A helminth cestode parasite express an estrogen-binding protein resembling a classic nuclear estrogen receptor. Ambrosio, JR; Escobedo, G; Fonseca-Liñán, R; García-Varela, M; Hernández, ME; Hernández-Bello, R; Ibarra-Coronado, EG; Jesús Ramses, CR; Morales-Montor, J; Nava-Castro, K; Ortega-Pierres, G; Pavón, L; Reynoso-Ducoing, O, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen treatment of FAK(loxP/loxP)//γGT-Cre-ER(T2) mice caused renal-specific fak recombination (FAK(ΔloxP/ΔloxP)) and reduction of FAK expression in proximal tubules."	( Focal adhesion kinase signaling mediates acute renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Alderliesten, MC; Bonventre, JV; de Graauw, M; de Heer, E; Ichimura, T; Pennekamp, P; Price, LS; Qin, Y; Stokman, G; van de Water, B, 2011)	1.09
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in increases from baseline in SHBG and PTH-intact, whereas levels of testosterone and FSH decreased and DHEAS levels did not change."	( Effects of exemestane and tamoxifen on hormone levels within the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multicentre (TEAM) trial: results of a German substudy. Bauer, T; Hadji, P; Hasenburg, A; Kauka, A; Kieback, DG; Tams, J, 2012)	1.4
"In tamoxifen treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia, NNT was 3.9, and in antioxidant supplementation, it was 7.8."	( Comparing the effectiveness of infertility treatments by numbers needed to treat (NNT). Comhaire, F; Decleer, W, 2012)	0.89
"Tamoxifen-treated xenografts also had reduced levels of IGF1R, and dalotuzumab did not enhance the effect of tamoxifen."	( Acquired resistance to tamoxifen is associated with loss of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor: implications for breast cancer treatment. Fagan, DH; Sachdev, D; Uselman, RR; Yee, D, 2012)	1.41
"Tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients were included in this prospective study between February 2009 and June 2010. "	( Evaluation of endometrium by transvaginal ultrasonography and Doppler in tamoxifen-treated women with breast cancer. Baloglu, A; Bezircioglu, I; Oziz, E; Tarhan, MO; Yigit, S, 2012)	2.05
"Tamoxifen treatment both in vivo and in vitro results in efficient recombination of loci marked by LoxP sites."	( Generation of CD4CreER(T²) transgenic mice to study development of peripheral CD4-T-cells. Aghajani, K; Gounari, F; Keerthivasan, S; Yu, Y, 2012)	1.1
"Tamoxifen-treated patients reported significantly more dyspareunia (31.3%; P < 0.05) but resembled controls in all other concerns."	( Sexual dysfunction in women on adjuvant endocrine therapy after breast cancer. Baumgart, J; Evers, AS; Kallak, TK; Nilsson, K; Poromaa, IS, 2013)	1.11
"Tamoxifen treatment was initiated for SEP after surgery."	( Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis after living donor liver transplantation: a case successfully treated with tamoxifen: report of a case. Asonuma, K; Inomata, Y; Lee, KJ; Narita, Y; Takeichi, T; Yamamoto, H, 2013)	1.32
"Tamoxifen pretreatment also significantly upregulated MxA expression in Imiquimod-treated PBMCs (P = 0.0011**), an effect not ascribed to ER blocking nor to an upregulation in TLR7 expression because Tamoxifen showed no potentiating effect on the expression of the receptor."	( Tamoxifen alleviates hepatitis C virus-induced inhibition of both toll-like receptor 7 and JAK-STAT signalling pathways in PBMCs of infected Egyptian females. Abdelaziz, AI; Ahmed, R; Esmat, G; Fawzy, IO; Hamdi, N; Negm, M, 2012)	2.54
"Oral tamoxifen treatment from 3 weeks of age for 15 months at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day stabilized myofiber membranes, normalized whole body force, and increased force production and resistance to repeated contractions of the triceps muscle above normal values."	( The anticancer drug tamoxifen counteracts the pathology in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. Comyn, SA; Dahmane, E; Décosterd, LA; Dorchies, OM; Gayi, E; Handa, RJ; Ismail, HM; Patthey- Vuadens, O; Petermann, O; Piacenza, T; Reutenauer-Patte, J; Ruegg, UT, 2013)	1.17
"Tamoxifen treatment to the fry (yolk sac absorbed stage) of Oreochromis niloticus in the dose of 200 microg l(-1) for 60 days produced 90% males and 1% intersex population."	( Effect of a non steroidal tamoxifen on the gonad and sex differentiation in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Singh, AK; Singh, R; Tripathi, M, 2012)	1.4
"Tamoxifen treatment did not alter phosphodiesterase activity."	( Estrogen receptor, calcium mobilization and rat sperm motility. Balasinor, N; Choudhary, J; Juneja, HS; Saberwal, GS; Sharma, MK, 2002)	1.04
"A tamoxifen or raloxifene treatment of 2 weeks increased uterine weights by 35 and 15%, respectively, but significantly less than estradiol treatment."	( Estrogenic properties of raloxifene, but not tamoxifen, on D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the rat forebrain. Di Paolo, T; Landry, M; Lévesque, D, 2002)	1.13
"Tamoxifen treatment was started."	( Solitary esophageal metastasis of breast cancer after 11 years: a case report. Aydingöz, U; Ayhan, A; Erman, M; Güler, N; Karaoğlu, A; Oksüzoğlu, B, 2002)	1.04
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced autoantibody production directed against either NE or DNA. "	( Beneficial effects of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen on systemic lupus erythematosus of (NZBxNZW)F1 female mice are associated with specific reduction of IgG3 autoantibodies. Mozes, E; Sthoeger, ZM; Zinger, H, 2003)	2.03
"Tamoxifen treatment has also been associated with improvement of retroperitoneal fibrosis and desmoid tumors, conditions also associated with abnormal fibroblast proliferation."	( Open label trial of tamoxifen in scleroderma. Fessler, BJ; Hoffman, GS; Thomas-Golbanov, CK; Wilke, WS, )	1.18
"Tamoxifen treatment reduced recurrence, and recurrent tumors had higher PKC activity."	( Estrogen-dependent rapid activation of protein kinase C in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells and estrogen receptor-negative HCC38 cells is membrane-mediated and inhibited by tamoxifen. Boyan, BD; Dean, DD; Dietl, J; Frambach, T; Lohmann, CH; Schwartz, Z; Sylvia, VL, 2003)	1.23
"Tamoxifen treatment produced a transient but significant increase in circulating gonadotropins, at Day 90 of treatment schedule, corresponding to 60 days of treatment."	( Effect of oral tamoxifen on semen characteristics and serum hormone profile in male bonnet monkeys. Aleem, M; Balasinor, N; Choudhuri, J; D'Souza, S; Gill-Sharma, MK; Juneja, HS; Majramkar, DD; Parte, P, 2003)	1.39
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with pathological response in 15 of 24 (63%) tumours."	( Pathological features of breast cancer response following neoadjuvant treatment with either letrozole or tamoxifen. Anderson, TJ; Cameron, D; Dixon, JM; Macfarlane, L; Miller, WR, 2003)	1.25
"Tamoxifen treated animals had fewer complications of skin wound healing than controls (4.5% vs. "	( Neoadjuvant antiangiogenic therapy with tamoxifen does not impair gastrointestinal anastomotic repair in the rat. Bouchier-Hayes, DJ; Kay, E; McNamara, DA; Walsh, TN, 2003)	2.03
"Tamoxifen treatment did not alter the protein profile in the cauda sperms, epididymal fluid and tissues."	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on motility related proteins in rat spermatozoa. Balasinor, N; Choudhary, J; Gill-Sharma, MK; Juneja, HS; Sethi-Saberwal, G, 2003)	1.44
"Tamoxifen treatment of precocious puberty in MAS results in a reduction of vaginal bleeding and significant improvements in growth velocity and rate of skeletal maturation."	( Tamoxifen treatment for precocious puberty in McCune-Albright syndrome: a multicenter trial. Eugster, EA; Jou, HC; Pescovitz, OH; Plourde, P; Reiter, EO; Rubin, SD, 2003)	3.2
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly increased rhodamine 123 fluorescent dye uptake by sperm mitochondria, reflecting an altered mitochondrial membrane potential."	( Tamoxifen, protein kinase C and rat sperm mitochondria. Balasinor, N; Choudhary, J; Gill-Sharma, MK; Juneja, HS; Padwal, V; Saberwal, GS, 2003)	2.48
"In tamoxifen-treated women, sonohysterography provides a significant improvement in sensitivity for diagnosis of endometrial polyps compared with endometrial biopsy."	( Sonohysterography compared with endometrial biopsy for evaluation of the endometrium in tamoxifen-treated women. Bach, AM; Barakat, R; Choi, PH; Gonen, M; Hann, LE; Kim, CM, 2003)	1.16
"More tamoxifen-treated (21.9%; 7/32) rats had irregular cycling than did control (9%; 3/23) rats. "	( Estrous cycle and ovarian changes in a rat mammary carcinogenesis model after irradiation, tamoxifen chemoprevention, and aging. Christian, A; Dicello, JF; Eyabi, PO; Huso, DL; Karim, BO; Khan, KA; Landolfi, JA; Mann, JF; McAlonis, M; Qiu, W; Ricart-Arbona, R, 2003)	1.05
"Tamoxifen treatment is relatively non-toxic, may be beneficial and we think it should be considered for pubertal gynecomastia."	( Tamoxifen treatment for pubertal gynecomastia. Derman, O; Kanbur, NO; Kutluk, T, )	2.3
"Tamoxifen pre-treatment reduced brain weight loss from 21.5+/-4.0% in vehicle pups (n=27) to 2.6+/-2.5% in the treated pups (n=22, P<0.05)."	( Treatment with tamoxifen reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Feng, Y; Fratkins, JD; LeBlanc, MH, 2004)	1.4
"With tamoxifen treatment, ER alpha remained in the nucleus, but ER beta was lost."	( Estrogen receptors ER alpha and ER beta in proliferation in the rodent mammary gland. Cheng, G; Gustafsson, JA; Warner, M; Weihua, Z, 2004)	0.78
"Tamoxifen treatment additionally increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor."	( PC cell-derived growth factor mediates tamoxifen resistance and promotes tumor growth of human breast cancer cells. Hayashi, J; Serrero, G; Tangkeangsirisin, W, 2004)	1.31
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with reduction in breast density, most of which occurred during the first 18 months of treatment."	( Tamoxifen and breast density in women at increased risk of breast cancer. Cuzick, J; Duffy, SW; Pinney, E; Warren, RM; Warwick, J, 2004)	3.21
"Tamoxifen treatment slows the progression of atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with breast cancer as assessed by changes in carotid IMT. "	( Tamoxifen improves endothelial function and reduces carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Aznaouridis, K; Kumar, S; Lekakis, JP; Papaioannou, TG; Papamichael, CM; Poulakaki, NA; Protogerou, AD; Stamatelopoulos, KS; Stamatelopoulos, SF; Venetsanou, K, 2004)	3.21
"Tamoxifen treatment led to increased bone mineral density (BMD) and hyperplastic uteri."	( Effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on serum hormones and bone characteristics in a preclinical tumor model for breast cancer. Barrett, JC; Berrigan, D; Brodie, A; Hursting, SD; Jelovac, D; Macedo, L; Núñez, NP; Perkins, SN, 2004)	1.34
"Tamoxifen treatment inhibited breast cancer cell growth and increased BMD but caused uterine hypertrophy in this preclinical model of postmenopausal breast cancer. "	( Effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on serum hormones and bone characteristics in a preclinical tumor model for breast cancer. Barrett, JC; Berrigan, D; Brodie, A; Hursting, SD; Jelovac, D; Macedo, L; Núñez, NP; Perkins, SN, 2004)	2.06
"Tamoxifen treatment substantially improves the 10-year survival of women with estrogen-receptor (ER)-alpha-positive tumors. "	( Reduced PTEN expression predicts relapse in patients with breast carcinoma treated by tamoxifen. Bickis, MG; Chibbar, R; Klassen, S; McFadden, A; Shoman, N; Torlakovic, E, 2005)	1.99
"Tamoxifen-treated animals showed increases in measures of anxiety, compared with ERT-treated animals, suggesting that this SERM may be anxiogenic."	( Tamoxifen fails to affect central serotonergic tone but increases indices of anxiety in female rhesus macaques. Felger, J; Graves, F; Mook, D; Wallen, K; Wilson, ME, 2005)	2.49
"Tamoxifen treatment by itself significantly delayed weight loss (an endpoint of neurodegeneration) in male and female mice compared to untreated controls."	( Tamoxifen and vitamin E treatments delay symptoms in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C. Bascuñan-Castillo, EC; Erickson, RP; Gillies, RJ; Heidenreich, RH; Hicks, C; Howison, CM; Hunter, RJ; Trouard, TP, 2004)	2.49
"Tamoxifen-treated rats showed a significant reduction of body weight gain, food intake, adipose tissue weight and leptin concentration (p < 0.001). "	( Plasma leptin concentration in tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized rats. Hakamata, Y; Hozumi, Y; Nagai, H, 2005)	2.06
"Tamoxifen treatment of Bcl-2-overexpressing clones was found to result in activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase."	( Activated JNK brings about accelerated apoptosis of Bcl-2-overexpressing C6 glioma cells on treatment with tamoxifen. Moodbidri, MS; Shirsat, NV, 2005)	1.26
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly increased RFS in patients with hormone receptor-positive (oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PR+)) tumours (Relative Risk (RR) 0.65; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.48-0.89, P=0.006), and the beneficial effect of tamoxifen was extended to patients with indicators of poor prognosis, such as young age and nodal-positivity."	( Two years of adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a randomised, controlled trial with long-term follow-up. Chebil, G; Dufmats, M; Fernö, M; Jirström, K; Jönsson, PE; Källström, AC; Landberg, G; Nordenskjöld, B; Rydén, L; Stål, O; Thorstenson, S, 2005)	1.36
"The tamoxifen-treated group's aortas had a five-fold increase in catalase mRNA expression (P = .02) on day 7 and an eight-fold increase in catalase protein on day 14 (P = .04)."	( Tamoxifen up-regulates catalase production, inhibits vessel wall neutrophil infiltration, and attenuates development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ailawadi, G; Cho, BS; Deatrick, KB; Eagleton, MJ; Grigoryants, V; Hannawa, KK; Henke, PK; Pearce, CG; Roelofs, KJ; Sinha, I; Stanley, JC; Upchurch, GR; Woodrum, DT, 2005)	2.25
"In tamoxifen-treated mice fed the soy meal, casein, or high-dose isoflavone enriched diets, the majority (>80%) showed no tumor formation by 60 weeks of age."	( Low-dose dietary phytoestrogen abrogates tamoxifen-associated mammary tumor prevention. Alvarez, K; Edgerton, S; Kim, A; Liu, B; Liu, N; Mason, T; McKimmey, C; Ordonez-Ercan, D; Thor, A; Yang, X, 2005)	1.11
"Tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but tamoxifen-related risks of endometrial cancer are unclear in premenopausal women, in long-term users of tamoxifen, and in women for whom several years have passed since ending treatment. "	( Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study. Jones, ME; Swerdlow, AJ, 2005)	3.21
"Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer does not appear to increase or decrease MI risk, although radiation therapy appears to increase MI risk."	( Myocardial infarction risk and tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. Bernstein, L; Chen, W; Geiger, AM, 2005)	1.34
"Tamoxifen treatment yielded polymerase-blocking DNA adducts at multiple nucleotide positions along the cII transgene."	( Investigating DNA adduct-targeted mutagenicity of tamoxifen: preferential formation of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in the human p53 gene in SV40 immortalized hepatocytes but not endometrial carcinoma cells. Besaratinia, A; Pfeifer, GP, 2005)	1.3
"Tamoxifen-treated patients with UGT2B15 high activity genotypes had increased risk of recurrence and poorer survival."	( Association of genetic variation in tamoxifen-metabolizing enzymes with overall survival and recurrence of disease in breast cancer patients. Ahn, J; Ambrosone, CB; Kadlubar, FF; MacLeod, SL; Nowell, SA; Rae, JM; Scheys, JO; Sweeney, C; Trovato, A, 2005)	1.32
"Tamoxifen treatment is effective in resolving the mass and compression in Riedel's thyroiditis."	( A case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen: another successful outcome. Jung, YJ; Muehlenbein, SJ; Rhodes, R; Rich, FA; Schaub, CR, )	1.84
"Tamoxifen-treated rats had significantly improved neurobehavioral deficit scores when evaluated daily throughout the 1 week or 2 week periods and showed significantly reduced median infarct volumes measured after 1 week and 2 weeks."	( Behavioral and histological neuroprotection by tamoxifen after reversible focal cerebral ischemia. Behr, MJ; Feustel, PJ; Jin, Y; Kimelberg, HK; Morrison, JP; Zhang, Y, 2005)	1.31
"Tamoxifen treatment results in a doubling of the risk of endometrial cancer after 1-2 years of treatment and a quadrupling after 5 years. "	( The ATAC ('Arimidex', Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) adjuvant breast cancer trial: first results of the endometrial sub-protocol following 2 years of treatment. Bianco, AR; Clack, G; Coibion, M; Duffy, S; Jackson, TL; Lansdown, M; Philips, K; Pollard, S; Wells, M, 2006)	2.09
"Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer increases proliferation of the endometrium, resulting in an enhanced prevalence of endometrial pathologies, including endometrial cancer. "	( Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer enforces a distinct gene-expression profile on the human endometrium: an exploratory study. Blok, LJ; Burger, CW; Ewing, PC; Gielen, SC; Kühne, LC, 2005)	3.21
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, women with the CYP2D6 *4/*4 genotype tend to have a higher risk of disease relapse and a lower incidence of hot flashes, which is consistent with our previous observation that CYP2D6 is responsible for the metabolic activation of tamoxifen to endoxifen."	( Pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen biotransformation is associated with clinical outcomes of efficacy and hot flashes. Ames, MM; Couch, FJ; Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Goetz, MP; Ingle, JN; Lingle, WL; Perez, EA; Rae, JM; Reynolds, C; Safgren, SL; Suman, VJ; Visscher, DW, 2005)	1.27
"The tamoxifen treatment effect could be studied in subgroups of breast cancer and pure prognostic information could be scrutinized for untreated control patients."	( Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha is a prognostic marker in premenopausal patients with intermediate to highly differentiated breast cancer but not a predictive marker for tamoxifen response. Jirström, K; Kronblad, A; Landberg, G; Nordenskjöld, B; Rydén, L, 2006)	1.01
"Tamoxifen treatment and menopausal status correlated significantly with the changes in lumbar spine BMD (P < .0001). "	( Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite effects on bone mineral density in premenopausal patients depending on menstrual status. Blomqvist, C; Elomaa, I; Saarto, T; Vehmanen, L, 2006)	3.22
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly improved the mitochondrial respiratory function and enhanced superoxide-scavenging activity of mitochondria."	( Tamoxifen protects against acute tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced cardiac injury via improving mitochondrial functions. Chaiswing, L; Lien, YC; Lin, SM; Mattson, MP; Oberley, TD; St Clair, D; Wang, LM; Yen, HC; Zhao, Y, 2006)	2.5
"The tamoxifen-treated TG mouse hearts also exhibited better functional recovery from ex vivo I/R, as well as significantly reduced necrosis and apoptosis."	( Endoplasmic reticulum stress gene induction and protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury in the hearts of transgenic mice with a tamoxifen-regulated form of ATF6. Fernandez, R; Glembotski, CC; Gude, N; Martindale, JJ; Sussman, MA; Thuerauf, D; Whittaker, R, 2006)	1.02
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with a decrease in ERalpha, but an increase was the most frequent change (17 out of 33) in ERbeta, and no consistent change was evident in staining of the ERbeta2/betacx variant."	( Oestrogen receptor beta and neoadjuvant therapy with tamoxifen: prediction of response and effects of treatment. Anderson, TJ; Dixon, JM; Miller, WR; Saunders, PT, 2006)	1.3
"Tamoxifen treatment allows MerCreMer fusion recombinase to localize to the nucleus where MerCreMer can excise a floxed inhibitory DNA segment, thereby activating the expression of a downstream gene. "	( Floxed reporter genes: Flow-cytometric selection of clonable cells expressing high levels of a target gene after tamoxifen-regulated Cre-loxP recombination. Schreiber, H; Spiotto, MT, 2006)	1.99
"Tamoxifen treatment of Lpl(flox/flox) mice did not cause a significant increase in triglyceride levels."	( Acute lipoprotein lipase deletion in adult mice leads to dyslipidemia and cardiac dysfunction. Goldberg, IJ; Homma, S; Molkentin, JD; Noh, HL; Okajima, K, 2006)	1.06
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, endometrial cytology was reliable for detection of endometrial pathology, and was well accepted by the patients."	( Endometrial brush cytology in the surveillance of post-menopausal patients under tamoxifen: a prospective longitudinal study. Annane, K; Bellocq, JP; Brettes, JP; Mathelin, C; Walter, P; Youssef, C, 2007)	1.19
"Tamoxifen-treated rats had significantly improved neurobehavioral deficit scores after 24 h and showed approximately 75% reduced infarct volumes."	( Neuroprotection by tamoxifen in focal cerebral ischemia is not mediated by an agonist action at estrogen receptors but is associated with antioxidant activity. Aschner, M; Feustel, PJ; Kimelberg, HK; Milatovic, D; Zhang, Y, 2007)	1.39
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly decreased sperm concentration and motility in seminal and epididymal sperm. "	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on the semen quality and fertility of the male rat. Motrich, RD; Ponce, AA; Rivero, VE, 2007)	2.18
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly altered sperm quality in seminal and epididymal sperm. "	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on the semen quality and fertility of the male rat. Motrich, RD; Ponce, AA; Rivero, VE, 2007)	2.18
"Tamoxifen treatment was stopped at 10-(7/12) years, and growth velocity and skeletal maturation rate returned to normal."	( Tamoxifen treatment in a patient with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome and peripheral precocious puberty. Carrascosa, A; González-Niño, C; Yeste, D, 2007)	2.5
"Tamoxifen treatment has a potential to stimulate the cell proliferation of endometrial glands and corpus luteum in tamoxifen-treated rats."	( Immunohistochemical evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in ovaries and uterus of tamoxifen-treated rats. Akman, L; Cirpan, T; Kanit, L; Terek, MC; Ulukus, EC; Ulukus, M, )	1.07
"Tamoxifen treatment was accompanied by an uncoupling of the regulation of PRA and PRB expression without effect on ER expression."	( Effect of tamoxifen on endometrial histology, hormone receptors, and cervical cytology: a prospective study with follow-up. Leslie, KK; Singh, M; Stephens, JK; Thompson, C; Torkko, K; Walter, SA, 2007)	1.46
"Tamoxifen-treated patients carrying the CYP2D6 alleles *4, *5, *10, *41-all associated with impaired formation of antiestrogenic metabolites-had significantly more recurrences of breast cancer, shorter relapse-free periods (hazard ratio [HR], 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.33; P = .02), and worse event-free survival rates (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.25; P = .02) compared with carriers of functional alleles. "	( Breast cancer treatment outcome with adjuvant tamoxifen relative to patient CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes. Antoniadou, L; Brauch, H; Eichelbaum, M; Fritz, P; Muerdter, T; Schroth, W; Schwab, M; Simon, W; Zanger, UM, 2007)	2.04
"Tamoxifen treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer ultimately loses its effectiveness due to the development of resistance. "	( Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 predicts failure on tamoxifen therapy in patients with recurrent breast cancer. Dorssers, LC; Foekens, JA; Look, MP; Meijer, D; Sieuwerts, AM; van Agthoven, T, 2008)	2.03
"tamoxifen treatment modified 17-beta estradiol production in females, whereas serum testosterone was not affected."	( Tamoxifen treatment induces protection in murine cysticercosis. De León-Nava, MA; Escobedo, G; Larralde, C; Morales-Montor, J; Vargas-Villavicencio, JA, 2007)	2.5
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, women with the CYP2D6 *10 T/T genotype have a lower 4OHtam level in the serum and a worse clinical outcome."	( Association between CYP2D6 *10 genotype and survival of breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen treatment. Fan, T; Fan, Z; He, L; Li, J; Li, P; Lin, B; Ouyang, T; Shi, L; Sun, Y; Wang, T; Wu, Y; Xie, Y; Xu, Y; Yao, L, 2008)	1.19
"Tamoxifen treatment of wild-type islets did not affect their cell survival, Preproinsulin gene expression, and glucose stimulus-secretion coupling."	( Effects of c-MYC activation on glucose stimulus-secretion coupling events in mouse pancreatic islets. Guiot, Y; Jonas, JC; Khan, M; Pascal, SM; Pelengaris, S, 2008)	1.07
"Tamoxifen citrate treatment of female rats had no effect on hepatic, pulmonary, or intestinal microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activities or hepatic cytochrome P-450 content."	( Effect of tamoxifen treatment on liver, lung and intestinal mixed-function oxidases in male and female rats. Al-Turk, WA; Roche, EB; Stohs, SJ, )	1.26
"Tamoxifen treatment caused a reduction in plasma LH and FSH concentrations within 6 h."	( Effects of tamoxifen on concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the plasma of ovariectomized ewes. Clarke, IJ, 1983)	1.38
"In tamoxifen-treated animals only 7% (8/111) of hormone-dependent tumours showed progressive growth, compared to 60% in controls."	( Antioestrogenic and antitumour activities of a series of non-steroidal antioestrogens. Valcaccia, B; Wakeling, AE, 1983)	0.78
"Such tamoxifen-treated rats were used to study the acute effect of oestrogens on testosterone secretion, both in vivo and in vitro."	( The acute effect of oestrogens on testosterone production appears not to be mediated by testicular oestrogen receptors. Bergh, A; Daehlin, L; Damber, JE; Ekholm, C; Selstam, G; Södergård, R, 1983)	0.72
"Tamoxifen treatment (20 mg/day) did not affect the gonadotropin levels, but it temporarily increased prolactin, induced sex hormone-binding globulin production, and suppressed peripheral serum progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations."	( Rapid endocrine effects of tamoxifen and testolactone in prostatic carcinoma patients. Bolton, NJ; Kontturi, M; Leinonen, P; Vihko, R, 1982)	1.28
"Tamoxifen treatment or castration allowed tumors to remain hormone responsive, whereas initial estrogen treatment prevented response to subsequent therapy and led to an autonomous change."	( Development of androgen-stimulated transplants of Nb rat carcinoma of the dorsal prostate and their response to sex hormones and tamoxifen. Noble, RL, 1980)	1.19
"Tamoxifen treatment lowered levels of serum cholesterol by (mean +/- SE) 12 +/- 2%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19 +/- 3%, and fibrinogen by 18 +/- 4% (P < 0.0001 vs."	( The effect of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in normal postmenopausal women. Evans, MC; Grey, AB; Reid, IR; Stapleton, JP, 1995)	1.3
"Tamoxifen treatment had no effect on the 16/6 Id induced autoantibody production. "	( The beneficial effect of the estrogen antagonist, tamoxifen, on experimental systemic lupus erythematosus. Bentwich, Z; Mozes, E; Sthoeger, ZM; Zinger, H, 1994)	1.98
"Tamoxifen treatment decreased the PI of the luminal epithelial cells and of the stroma as much as ovariectomy."	( PCNA-immunoreactivity in the uterus of rats after treatment with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Kühnel, W; Michna, H; Rumpel, E, 1995)	1.24
"Tamoxifen treatment inhibited the growth of FTC133 xenografts in nude mice by 52% compared to that in placebo-treated controls (P < 0.002)."	( Tamoxifen inhibits growth, migration, and invasion of human follicular and papillary thyroid cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Clark, OH; Duh, QY; Hoelting, T; Siperstein, AE, 1995)	2.46
"b) Tamoxifen treatment is probably associated with an increased incidence of endometrial cancer; however, this association appears to be linked to higher tamoxifen doses (40 mg/d)."	( What do we know and what don't we know about tamoxifen in the human uterus. Friedl, A; Jordan, VC, 1994)	1.06
"Tamoxifen treatment produces changes in the cellular and circulating levels of growth factors that could influence both receptor negative or receptor positive tumor growth and the metastatic potential of a tumor."	( Molecular mechanisms of antiestrogen action in breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 1994)	1.01
"Tamoxifen treatment appears to be associated with an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in humans and hepatocellular carcinoma in rats."	( Involvement of cytochrome P4503A in catalysis of tamoxifen activation and covalent binding to rat and human liver microsomes. Kupfer, D; Mani, C; Parkinson, A; Pearce, R, 1994)	1.26
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in the induction of aneuploidy in approximately 70% of the examined hepatocytes at the doses used."	( Tamoxifen induces hepatic aneuploidy and mitotic spindle disruption after a single in vivo administration to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Bahnub, N; Dragan, YP; Jordan, VC; Pitot, HC; Sargent, LM; Sattler, CA; Sattler, GL; Schroeder, P; Wiley, JE, 1994)	2.45
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in diminished expression, but incomplete inhibition of the protooncogene mRNAs."	( Protooncogene, growth factor, growth factor receptor, and estrogen and progesterone receptor gene expression in the immature rat uterus after treatment with estrogen and tamoxifen. Anderson, WA; Bhattacharyya, N; Eatman, E; Hollis, VW; Ramsammy, R, 1994)	1.2
"Tamoxifen treatment was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations."	( Estrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence. Kerrigan, JR; Metzger, DL, 1994)	1.29
"Four tamoxifen-treated women died of uterine cancer."	( Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14. Costantino, JP; Cronin, WM; Fisher, B; Fisher, ER; Redmond, CK; Wickerham, DL, 1994)	1.06
"Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer should continue. "	( Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14. Costantino, JP; Cronin, WM; Fisher, B; Fisher, ER; Redmond, CK; Wickerham, DL, 1994)	2.05
"Tamoxifen treatment alone or in combination with verapamil did not affect the activity of protein kinase C, an enzyme implicated in the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen."	( Potentiation of tamoxifen activity by verapamil in a human breast cancer cell line. Gupta, V; Kamath, N; Singh, SV; Tkalcevic, GT, 1994)	1.36
"Tamoxifen treatment did not significantly affect liver weight at 24 h but by 48 h there was a highly significant reduction in liver remnant weight (TAM, 5.41 +/- 0.85 g; vehicle, 7.31 +/- 1.43 g; P < 0.001)."	( Role of the oestrogen receptor in liver regeneration in the male rat. Farrell, GC; Liddle, C, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen treatment (20 mg/day orally for 3 weeks), produced a significant increase in plasma estradiol (p = 0.0018) without simultaneous changes in plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin or progesterone."	( Effects of tamoxifen on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations in women with fibrocystic disease of the breast. Blasco Comenge, C; Pérez-López, FR, 1993)	1.4
"Tamoxifen-treated and control cells were inoculated into opposite flanks of nine nude mice, where they produced measurable tumors in every case."	( Tamoxifen stimulates in vivo growth of drug-resistant estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. DeGregorio, M; Emshoff, V; Koester, S; Maenpaa, J; Seymour, R; Sipila, P; Wiebe, V; Wurz, G, 1993)	2.45
"Tamoxifen-treated patients had a median Ki67 LI of 5.6% in the first biopsy falling to 3.0% in the second biopsy (P < 0.001 by Wilcoxon's matched pairs test), whereas placebo-treated patients had a median Ki67 LI of 5.4% in the first biopsy and 5.75% in the second (no significant difference)."	( Effect of tamoxifen on Ki67 labelling index in human breast tumours and its relationship to oestrogen and progesterone receptor status. Anderson, E; Clarke, RB; Howell, A; Jones, LJ; Laidlaw, IJ, 1993)	1.41
"Tamoxifen treatment did not alter the number of lung metastases, whereas MPA or ovariectomy produced a significant reduction in the number of lung metastases."	( The EnDA endometrial adenocarcinoma: an oestrogen-sensitive, metastasizing, in vivo tumour model of the rat. Deerberg, F; Horn, DW; Schneider, MR; Vollmer, G, 1993)	1.01
"Tamoxifen pretreatment also enhanced testosterone imprinting of the adult androgen responsiveness of testosterone 2 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 5 alpha-reductase activities."	( Impact of tamoxifen on peripubertal androgen imprinting of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 2C11, cytochrome P450 3A2, and steroid 5 alpha-reductase. Bandiera, SM; Bellward, GD; Chan, MM; Chang, TK; Holsmer, SL, 1996)	1.42
"Tamoxifen treatment is associated with an increased incidence of proliferative and neoplastic changes in the endometrium, with a 1.3 to 7.5 relative risk of developing endometrial carcinoma."	( The effects of tamoxifen treatment on the endometrium. Bar-Am, A; Daniel, Y; Inbar, M; Lessing, JB; Peyser, MR, 1996)	2.09
"Tamoxifen treatment during postmastectomy radiotherapy enhances the risk of radiation-induced lung fibrosis."	( Radiotherapy-related lung fibrosis enhanced by tamoxifen. Bentzen, SM; Overgaard, J; Overgaard, M; Skoczylas, JZ, 1996)	1.99
"Tamoxifen treatment on days 9 to 11 resulted in significant reduction of decidual weight (35.1% on day 12 of pregnancy, P < 0.001)."	( The effects of the antihormones RU486 and tamoxifen on fetoplacental development and placental bed vascularisation in the rat: a model for intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Bell, SC; Sadek, S, 1996)	1.28
"Tamoxifen treatment for 9 and 14 days induced ovarian regression but not incubation behavior."	( Changes in pituitary somatotrophs and lactotrophs associated with ovarian regression in the turkey hen (Meleagris gallopavo). Kuenzel, WJ; Proudman, JA; Ramesh, R, 1995)	1.01
"Tamoxifen-treated patients who remained disease free after 5 years of therapy were then reassigned to receive either another 5 years of tamoxifen (n = 322) or 5 years of placebo (n = 321)."	( Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Bowman, DM; Bryant, J; Costantino, J; DeCillis, A; Deschênes, L; Dignam, J; Dimitrov, NV; Evans, J; Farrar, W; Feldman, MI; Fisher, B; Fisher, ER; Lickley, HL; Margolese, RG; Paterson, AH; Redmond, C; Robidoux, A; Shibata, H; Terz, J; Wickerham, DL; Wolmark, N, 1996)	1.29
"Tamoxifen (TAM) treatment following isolated locoregional recurrence of breast cancer significantly increases 5-year disease-free survival rates compared with observation alone in potentially hormone-responsive patients [J Clin Oncol 1994, 12, 2071-2077]. "	( Possible deleterious effect of tamoxifen in premenopausal women with locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. Bacchi, M; Borner, MM; Castiglione, M, 1996)	2.02
"In tamoxifen treated cells, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma readily activated transcription factors ISGF-3 and GAF, respectively."	( Tamoxifen enhances interferon-regulated gene expression in breast cancer cells. Borden, EC; Kalvakolanu, DV; Kolla, V; Lindner, DJ, 1997)	2.25
"Tamoxifen treatment increased the secretion of TGF-beta activity into serum-free cell medium and the cellular content of affinity cross-linked type I and III TGF-beta receptors in both cell lines."	( Blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling does not abrogate antiestrogen-induced growth inhibition of human breast carcinoma cells. Arteaga, CL; Brattain, MG; Dugger, TC; Ko, Y; Koli, KM; Ramsey, TT, 1997)	1.02
"Tamoxifen treatment (40mg/day) for 1 month in eight patients increased oestradiol values (62.2 +/- 77.0 vs."	( Oestradiol and testosterone blood levels in patients with viral cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Daniele, B; Esposito, G; Fiore, F; Galati, MG; Pergola, M; Pignata, S; Ricchi, P; Vallone, P, 1997)	1.02
"Tamoxifen treatment is a proven therapy for breast cancer that produces a survival advantage when used as an adjuvant, and reduces the incidence of recurrences and controlateral tumor evolution. "	( Acute leukaemia during tamoxifen therapy. Demiroğlu, H; Güllü, I; Tekuzman, G; Yalçin, S, 1997)	2.05
"Tamoxifen treatment had no effect on oxytocinase activity."	( Metabolism of oxytocin in rat uterus and placenta in late gestation. Fang, X; Mitchell, BF; Wong, S, 1997)	1.02
"Tamoxifen treatment, on the other hand, produced an increase in both the number and crowding of the endometrial glands and a mild atrophy of the myometrial layer."	( Comparative effects of 28-day treatment with the new anti-estrogen EM-800 and tamoxifen on estrogen-sensitive parameters in intact mice. Belanger, A; Gauthier, S; Labrie, C; Labrie, F; Luo, S; Martel, C; Mérand, Y; Sourla, A, 1997)	1.25
"Tamoxifen treatment increased hypoxia in the tumors, as measured by EF5 binding (P = 0.01 by Mann-Whitney test)."	( Tamoxifen induces hypoxia in MCF-7 xenografts. Evans, SM; Jenkins, WT; Koch, CJ; Laughlin, KM; Van Winkle, T; Wilson, DF, 1997)	2.46
"Tamoxifen treatment suppressed plasma levels of FT3 and FT4 (p < 0.005 for both) and elevated plasma concentrations of TBG (p < 0.005 and TG (p < 0.025)."	( Thyroid function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Aakvaag, A; Anker, GB; Lien, EA; Lønning, PE, 1998)	1.25
"Tamoxifen treatment was well tolerated by the patients."	( Tamoxifen does not improve survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. de la Mata, M; Delgado, M; Diaz, G; González, N; Miño-Fugarolas, G; Riestra, S; Rodrigo, L; Rodriguez, M; Suárez, A, 1998)	2.46
"Tamoxifen (1 mg/kg/day) treated diabetic rats showed tumour regression in 67% of NMU-induced mammary tumours versus 53% in controls (NS)."	( An experimental model of diabetes and cancer in rats. Bergoc, RM; Cocca, C; Cricco, G; Croci, M; Davio, C; Fitzsimons, C; Gutierrez, A; Lemos, B; Levin, E; Levin, R; Martin, G; Rivera, E, 1998)	1.02
"Tamoxifen treated patients showed nonsignificant increase in molybdenum, after 3 months, significant increase after 6 months and significant increase in xanthine oxidase and riboflavin levels."	( Molybdenum, xanthine oxidase and riboflavin levels in tamoxifen treated postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Kamble, SM; Kamlakar, PL; Vaidya, SM, 1998)	1.27
"Tamoxifen treatment increases the incidence of ovarian cysts and the significantly higher 17beta-estradiol serum levels in premenopausal breast cancer patients."	( Ovarian overstimulation and cystic formation in premenopausal tamoxifen exposure: comparison between tamoxifen-treated and nontreated breast cancer patients. Altaras, MM; Beyth, Y; Cohen, I; Figer, A; Shapira, J; Tepper, R; Yigael, D, 1999)	1.99
"Tamoxifen-treated patients were less likely to have ovarian cancer, 0 of 53 patients (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0%, 6.7%) compared with 10 of 99 patients (95% CI: 5.0%, 17.8%) patients not receiving tamoxifen (P = 0.015)."	( Ovarian histopathology in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. McGonigle, KF; Odom-Maryon, T; Simpson, JF; Vasilev, SA, 1999)	1.27
"Tamoxifen-treated postmenopausal patients show a significantly better prognosis than premenopausal patients, favoring the hypothesis of a more pronounced effect of tamoxifen in the older age groups."	( Randomized trial of low-dose chemotherapy added to tamoxifen in patients with receptor-positive and lymph node-positive breast cancer. Fridrik, M; Gnant, M; Haider, K; Hausmaninger, H; Jakesz, R; Kolb, R; Kubista, E; Manfreda, D; Mittlböck, M; Mlineritsch, B; Samonigg, H; Steger, G; Steindorfer, P; Stierer, M; Tschurtschenthaler, G, 1999)	1.28
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced TPH protein compared to EE and ovariectomized control animals."	( Steroid regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase protein in the dorsal raphe of macaques. Adams, MR; Bethea, CL; Mirkes, SJ; Shively, CA, 2000)	1.03
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), phospholipids (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels were decreased and the triglycerides (TG), ester cholesterol (EC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) levels were increased."	( Salubrious effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on tamoxifen-treated women in breast cancer with reference to plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Arumugam, G; Babu, JR; Deepa, N; Renuka, R; Sachdanandam, P; Sundravel, S, 2000)	1.08
"In tamoxifen-treated hepatocytes and after a single dose of tamoxifen in vivo, DNA adduct formation in male cells was significantly lower than in female cells, 11- and 6-fold, respectively."	( Sex differences in the activation of tamoxifen to DNA binding species in rat liver in vivo and in rat hepatocytes in vitro: role of sulfotransferase induction. Davis, W; Glatt, H; Hewer, A; Meinl, W; Phillips, DH; Rajkowski, KM, 2000)	1.09
"Tamoxifen treatment was significantly associated with higher circulating and platelet-derived VEGF levels."	( Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer: comparison of plasma, serum, and tissue VEGF and microvessel density and effects of tamoxifen. Adams, J; Allgar, V; Banks, RE; Bicknell, R; Cairnduff, F; Carder, PJ; Downey, S; Forbes, MA; Hallam, S; Kaufman, S; Lansdown, M; MacLennan, K; Perren, TJ; Selby, PJ; Walker, JJ, 2000)	1.23
"Tamoxifen-treated breast carcinoma survivors are at elevated risk of endometrial carcinoma. "	( Surveillance for uterine abnormalities in tamoxifen-treated breast carcinoma survivors: a community based study. Althuis, MD; Bush, TL; Khoo, L; Langenberg, P; Magaziner, J; Sexton, M; Tkaczuk, K, 2000)	2.01
"Tamoxifen pretreatment reduced the total protein of the cytosolic fraction by 50% and reduced the formation of doxorubicinol both in vitro and in vivo. "	( Effect of tamoxifen pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in female rats. Boroujerdi, M; Vaidyanathan, S, 2000)	2.15
"In tamoxifen-treated patients, TVS offered a high false-positive rate, even with a cutoff value of 10 mm for endometrial thickness and repeated TVS scans. "	( Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen on the endometrium in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a prospective long-term study using transvaginal ultrasound. Friese, K; Gerber, B; Krause, A; Külz, T; Kundt, G; Makovitzky, J; Müller, H; Reimer, T, 2000)	1.25
"Tamoxifen-treated patients displayed greater levels of endometrial dysplasia and glandular hyperplasia, in addition to a statistically significant (P<0.0001) elevation in gland-associated TGFbeta1 protein."	( Modulation of endometrial transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) by tamoxifen. Carmichael, PL; Neven, P; Pole, JC, 2000)	1.26
"Tamoxifen treatment can therefore be used successfully to manipulate several components of the female reproductive phenotype (egg composition, intraclutch egg-size variation) to further explore the fitness consequences of these traits."	( Experimental (tamoxifen-induced) manipulation of female reproduction in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Williams, TD, )	1.21
"Tamoxifen treatment of women leads to a small increase in the incidence of endometrial cancers."	( Anti-oestrogenic drugs and endometrial cancers. White, IN, 2001)	1.03
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in a modest, but significant (p < 0.05), increase in oocytes with PCS."	( Tamoxifen-induced alterations in meiotic maturation and cytogenetic abnormalities in mouse oocytes and 1-cell zygotes. London, SN; Mailhes, JB, 2001)	2.47
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly increased IGF-BP1 after 18 and 27 months (baseline: mean, 21.6 ng/ml; SD, 16.6; 18 months: mean, 52.0 ng/ml; SD, 41.8; p = 0.019; 27 months: mean, 40.7 ng/ml; SD, 24.9; p = 0.043) and IGF-BP3 after nine, 18, and 27 months (baseline: mean, 3119 ng/ml; SD, 507; nine months: mean, 3673 ng/ml; SD, 476; p = 0.004; 18 months: mean, 3445 ng/ml; SD, 634; p = 0.034; 27 months: 3409 ng/ml; SD, 501; p = 0.043) when compared with baseline values."	( IGF status is altered by tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer. Campbell, MJ; Leathem, AJ; Secker-Walker, J; Titcomb, A; Woodside, JV, 2001)	1.34
"Tamoxifen treatment, however, increased the expression of both proteins whereas progesterone had no effect."	( Function of the exon 7 deletion variant estrogen receptor alpha protein in an estradiol-resistant, tamoxifen-sensitive human endometrial adenocarcinoma grown in nude mice. Helou, K; Henriksson, M; Horvath, G; Leser, G, 2002)	1.25
"Tamoxifen treatment has been demonstrated to decrease the function of fibroblasts derived from Dupuytren's affected fascia and downregulated TGF(beta2) production in these same fibroblasts."	( Tamoxifen decreases fibroblast function and downregulates TGF(beta2) in dupuytren's affected palmar fascia. Ko, F; Kuhn, MA; Payne, WG; Robson, MC; Wang, X, 2002)	2.48
"The tamoxifen-treated patients were subdivided in premenopausal (Group IB = 72 patients) and in postmenopausal (Group IIB = 262 patients) groups."	( Indication of hysteroscopy in tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients. Artini, PG; Curcio, C; Fasciani, A; Fornaciari, G; Genazzani, AR; Giuntini, A; Petraglia, F; Taponeco, F, 2002)	1.08
"Tamoxifen treatment of women with advanced breast cancer has previously been reported to reduce plasma insulin-like growth factor-type I (IGF-I) concentrations. "	( The effect of endocrine therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione or tamoxifen on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-1 in women with advanced breast cancer. Christodoulides, A; Ghilchik, MW; Koistinen, R; Reed, MJ; Seppälä, M; Teale, JD, 1992)	1.95
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in a dose-duration increase in ADP-ribosylation."	( Elevation of ADP-ribosylation as an indicator of mononuclear leucocyte responsiveness in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Killander, F; Olsson, H; Pero, RW; Troll, W, 1992)	1.21
"Tamoxifen treatment should still be regarded as the gold standard for postmenopausal ER positive patients."	( Chemotherapy versus tamoxifen versus chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in node-positive, oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer patients. An update at 7 years of the 1st GROCTA (Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemo-Hormone Therapy Cooperative Group) trial. Amoroso, D; Boccardo, F; Castagnetta, L; Farris, A; Genta, F; Nenci, I; Piffanelli, A; Rubagotti, A; Sismondi, P; Traina, A, 1992)	1.33
"Tamoxifen treated ovariectomized mice did not develop any decrease either in the bone density or in calcium and phosphate content of the femora which were observed in ovariectomized mice."	( Tamoxifen prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Broulik, PD, 1991)	2.45
"Tamoxifen treatment prevented the decrease in BV/TV after OVX, although the highest dose of tamoxifen resulted in a small decrease in BV/TV in intact female rats."	( Dose-dependent effects of tamoxifen on long bones in growing rats: influence of ovarian status. Moon, LY; Turner, RT; Wakley, GK, 1991)	1.3
"Tamoxifen treatment did not significantly influence the growth of the transplanted carcinomas in the rat model."	( Effects of sex steroid hormones on pancreatic cancer in the rat. Longnecker, DS; Sumi, C, )	0.85
"The tamoxifen or placebo treatment continued to death or to 10 months after accrual into the trial was stopped."	( Tamoxifen therapy in unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and the papilla of Vater. Arnesjø, B; Bakkevold, KE; Espehaug, B; Pettersen, A, 1990)	2.2
"When tamoxifen treatment was withdrawn, recurrence of endometrial implants was observed."	( Disparate effect of tamoxifen in rats with experimentally induced endometriosis. Kadaba, R; Simpson, CW, 1990)	1.06
"Tamoxifen treatment did not influence ER and PR levels."	( Steroid hormone receptors in carcinoma of the cervix: lack of response to an antiestrogen. Baiocchi, G; Battaglia, F; Ferrandina, G; Greggi, S; Mancuso, S; Panici, PB; Scambia, G, 1990)	1
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in decreased cell proliferation and decrease of estrogen receptor content and of total protein synthesis."	( Effect of alpha-interferon, 17 beta-estradiol, and tamoxifen on estrogen receptor concentration and cell cycle kinetics of MCF 7 cells. Bezwoda, WR; Meyer, K, 1990)	1.25
"Tamoxifen treatment induced a PR of 6 months, with normalization of serum bilirubin, reduction of alfa-fetoprotein level and improvement of PS, and was free of toxicity."	( [Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): the long-term response to tamoxifen. A clinical case report and review of the literature]. Belli, L; Morgante, A; Passalacqua, G; Rabitti, G; Recchia, F; Rodorigo, C, 1989)	1.24
"Tamoxifen treatment is justified in patients who meet the eligibility criteria of the present study and who refuse to participate in those trials."	( A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. Bowman, D; Costantino, J; Couture, J; Dimitrov, NV; Fisher, B; Fisher, ER; Poisson, R; Redmond, C; Wickerham, DL; Wolmark, N, 1989)	1.27
"Tamoxifen pretreated women had a GH peak after GHRH of 35.6 +/- 9.7 ng/ml, not significant versus control test."	( Growth hormone and prolactin secretion after growth hormone-releasing hormone administration, in anorexia nervosa patients, normal controls and tamoxifen-pretreated volunteers. Borras, CG; Burguera, B; Casanueva, FF; Devesa, J; Lima, L; Muruais, C; Tresguerres, JA, 1987)	1.19
"Tamoxifen-bromocryptine-treated groups displayed a 2-fold increase in latency of tumor appearance as compared to vehicle-treated controls; however, this long latency was not reduced when these rats were fed a high fat diet."	( Effects of high dietary fat on the growth and development of ovarian-independent carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats. Ip, C; Ip, MM; Sylvester, PW, 1986)	0.99
"Tamoxifen treatment induced tumor regression but the percentage of regressing, static or growing tumors was no different in the presence or absence of DFMO."	( Effect of tamoxifen and D,L-2-difluoromethylornithine on the growth, ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content of mammary carcinomas induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. Meeker, LD; Ritacco, KA; Ronan, AM; Thompson, HJ, 1986)	1.39
"Tamoxifen treatment, however, did not modify significantly the reactivity of the testes towards high doses of hCG (10 i.u.), administered either 2 h before sacrifice or for 9 days."	( Influence of a prolonged tamoxifen administration on steroidogenesis by incubated rat testes. Eechaute, W; Lacroix, E; Leusen, I; Vanderstichele, H, 1987)	1.3
"Tamoxifen treatment caused a transient tumour growth inhibition during weeks 1-5 with subsequent re-growth of mammary tumours."	( Therapeutic effect of the arotinoid Ro 15-0778 on chemically induced rat mammary carcinoma. Bollag, W; Teelmann, K, 1988)	1
"Tamoxifen treatment significantly reduced the loss of trabecular bone, restoring resorbing surface length to the control (sham-operated) animal levels."	( The effects of tamoxifen on the osteopenia induced by sciatic neurotomy in the rat: a histomorphometric study. Baum, BL; Hannon, KS; Turner, RT; Wakley, GK, 1988)	1.35
"Tamoxifen-treated women had been postmenopausal for more years (p = 0.012)."	( Bone mineral density in women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for at least two years. Barden, HS; Jordan, VC; Love, RR; Mazess, RB; Newcomb, PA; Tormey, DC, 1988)	1.23
"Tamoxifen treatment of cockerels results in dose- and time-dependent decreases in serum free and esterified cholesterol, and in phospholipids and triglycerides."	( Interactions of tamoxifen in the chicken. Lazier, CB, 1987)	1.34
"Tamoxifen-treated animals did not develop kidney tumors and did not show any detectable DNA damage."	( Inhibition of estrogen-induced renal carcinogenesis in male Syrian hamsters by tamoxifen without decrease in DNA adduct levels. Jurka, E; Liehr, JG; Randerath, E; Randerath, K; Sirbasku, DA, 1988)	1.22
"Tamoxifen treatment (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day for 14 days) had no significant effect on the delta rate."	( Effect of in vivo antiestrogen pretreatment on rabbit atrial chronotropic response to histamine. Baksi, SN; Hughes, MJ, 1986)	0.99
"Tamoxifen treatment was not associated with changes in mean hormone levels, although there was a tendency toward reductions in the magnitude of episodic LH and testosterone secretion."	( Evidence that estrogen regulation of testosterone secretion in adult rams is mediated by both indirect (gonadotropin dependent) and direct (gonadotropin independent) means. Sanford, LM, )	0.85
"Tamoxifen treatment resulted in structural and cytoskeletal changes similar to those observed in estrogen stimulated cells."	( Estrogen and tamoxifen induced cytoskeletal changes in breast cancer cells. Bussolati, G; Guidoni, L; Marchisio, PC; Sapino, A, 1985)	1.36
"Tamoxifen-treated rabbits had less incorporation of radioactivity."	( A possible mechanism in arterial wall for mediation of sex difference in atherosclerosis. Bashey, RI; Fischer, GM; Lyttle, CR; Rosenbaum, H, 1985)	0.99
"Cotreatment with tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor inhibitor, increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin, which decreased the colony formation of P53(+) U2OS cells."	( Suppression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of P53-Positive U2OS Osteosarcoma Cell. Chen, CF; Chen, CM; Chen, WM; Wang, JY; Wu, PK, 2021)	0.95
"Treatment with tamoxifen can be as effective as GnRH agonist for endometrial preparation in FET."	( Comparison of tamoxifen and hormone replacement cycle (HRT) in frozen embryo transfer. A randomized controlled trial. Ebrahimi, R; Khadem, N; Mahmoudinia, M; Rastaghi, S; Sadeghi, T; Souizi, B, 2023)	1.62
"Mice treated with tamoxifen for 1 week and left untreated for an additional week before infection showed similar parasitaemia levels and signs of cerebral malaria as control untreated mice."	( Tamoxifen activity against Plasmodium in vitro and in mice. Fisher, E; Gallego-Delgado, J; Gomes, C; Gonzalez, S; Nikain, C; Rodriguez, A; Sherman, J; Weinstock, A, 2019)	2.28
"Treatment with tamoxifen decreased viability of MKN-45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. "	( Tamoxifen Downregulates the Expression of Notch1 and DLL1 Genes in MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cells. Akrami, H; Khanipouyani, F, 2021)	2.42
"Treatment with tamoxifen decreased TP mRNA and protein levels through AKT inactivation."	( Tamoxifen enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity through down-regulating AKT-mediated thymidine phosphorylase expression in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Chen, CY; Chiu, HC; Huang, YJ; Jian, YJ; Jian, YT; Ko, JC; Lin, YW; Syu, JJ; Wo, TY, 2014)	2.18
"Rats treated with Tamoxifen recovered some locomotor activity at 21 and 28 DPI, which could be related to the antioxidant protection seen at these time points."	( Tamoxifen and estradiol improved locomotor function and increased spared tissue in rats after spinal cord injury: their antioxidant effect and role of estrogen receptor alpha. Colón, JM; Meléndez, M; Miranda, JD; Mosquera, L; Rodríguez-Orengo, JF; Santiago, JM; Segarra, AC; Torrado, AI, 2014)	2.17
"When treatment with tamoxifen was considered, STAT1 gene expression was nearly predictive of distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, log-rank p = 0.067), while STAT3 gene expression was predictive of DMFS (log-rank p<0.0001)."	( Increased STAT1 signaling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Faratian, D; Harrison, DJ; Huang, R; Langdon, SP; Sims, AH; Thomas, JS; Wilson, D, 2014)	0.72
"Treatment with tamoxifen significantly controlled dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress and reduced serum cardiac markers."	( Beneficial role of tamoxifen in experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy. Desai, VJ; Patel, BM, 2014)	1.07
"Treatment with tamoxifen significantly controlled dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and reduced serum cardiac markers."	( Beneficial role of tamoxifen in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Patel, BM; Rayabarapu, N, 2014)	1.07
"Treatment with tamoxifen for 6 months after chemotherapy significantly reduced the plasma levels of NT-proBNP and did not change LVEF in women with breast cancer."	( Hormone therapy with tamoxifen reduces plasma levels of NT-B-type natriuretic peptide but does not change ventricular ejection fraction after chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Abreu, GR; Amorim, MH; Borgo, MV; Carvalho, AL; Gouvea, SA; Romero, WG; Silva, FB, 2015)	1.08
"Pretreatment with tamoxifen/l-NAME/Hb blocked the BPA-induced increase of nitrite levels."	( Bisphenol A depresses monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes in neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro involving estrogen receptor-dependent NO-mediated mechanisms. Deshpande, SB; Pandey, AK, 2015)	0.74
"Treatment with tamoxifen for at least 5 years has been for a long time the standard of care, as it is associated with overall positive clinical outcomes."	( Endocrine therapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a critical appraisal of current evidence. De Laurentiis, M; Del Mastro, L; Montemurro, F; Puglisi, F, 2016)	0.77
"Treatment with tamoxifen for 28 days caused hepatic PLD in rats."	( Arachidonic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine characterized by consolidated plasma and liver lipidomics as an early onset marker for tamoxifen-induced hepatic phospholipidosis. Goda, K; Kobayashi, A; Maekawa, K; Saito, K; Saito, Y; Sugai, S; Yamada, N, 2017)	1
"Pre-treatment with tamoxifen for 2-5 years may reduce the clinical significance of the adverse bone effects associated with aromatase inhibitors, particularly if this leads to a shortening in the duration of exposure to an aromatase inhibitor."	( Guidance for the management of breast cancer treatment-induced bone loss: a consensus position statement from a UK Expert Group. Coleman, RE; Doughty, J; Eastell, R; Heys, SD; Howell, A; McCloskey, EV; Powles, T; Reid, DM; Selby, P, 2008)	0.66
"Treatment with tamoxifen of breast cancer patients led to a decrease of E2 sensitivity, whereas growth potential was not affected significantly."	( The growth-promoting action of individual women's sera on mammary carcinoma cells. Auer, D; Daxenbichler, G; Fleischer, M; Hubalek, M; Roessler, J, )	0.47
"Cotreatment with tamoxifen or the chemokine interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) suppressed the action estrogen on VEGF expression."	( Antitumor/antiestrogenic effect of the chemokine interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10) involves suppression of VEGF expression in mammary tissue. Aronica, SM; Hanzly, M; Kisela, C; Raiber, L, 2009)	0.68
"Treatment with tamoxifen reduced the responses to acetylcholine (pD(2) = 2.2 +/- 0.06 and 1.9 +/- 0.05 after vehicle and tamoxifen, respectively; P < 0.05), while its metabolites improved these responses (pD(2) = 2.5 +/- 0.04 after N-desmethyl-tamoxifen, 2.5 +/- 0.03 after 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, and 2.6 +/- 0.08 after endoxifen; P < 0.01)."	( Assessment of vascular effects of tamoxifen and its metabolites on the rat perfused hindquarter vascular bed. Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Gomes, VA; Montenegro, MF; Pessa, LR; Tanus-Santos, JE, 2009)	0.97
"Treatment with tamoxifen did not inhibit this hyperplasia; instead, such treatment exaggerated hyperplasia with an enhanced degree of alteration, indicative of hypersensitivity to tamoxifen."	( Extranuclear coactivator signaling confers insensitivity to tamoxifen. Holm, C; Kumar, R; Landberg, G; Rayala, SK; Vadlamudi, RK; Zhang, H, 2009)	0.93
"Treatment with tamoxifen should be recommended to patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors who have been treated with conservative surgery."	( Current perspectives of treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. Alvarez, I; Estévez, LG; Lluch, A; Margelí, M; Miró, C; Muñoz, M; Rubio, C; Seguí, MÁ; Tusquets, I, 2010)	0.7
"The treatment with Tamoxifen was done in 11 patients with high values of Progesterone and Estrogen Receptors (PR, ER)."	( [Breast cancer in the male]. Bostaca, T; Coşman, C; Diaconu, C; Dogaru, C; Florea, I; Livadariu, R; Miron, L; Scarlat, V, )	0.45
"Treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) increases the risk of developing endometrial cancer in women. "	( Anti-breast cancer potential of SS5020, a novel benzopyran antiestrogen. Chen, JJ; Kim, HJ; Laxmi, YR; Liu, X; Okamoto, K; Okamoto, Y; Shibutani, S; Suzuki, N; Zhang, G, 2011)	0.72
"Co-treatment with tamoxifen decreased GPx and catalase levels; did not completely inhibit E2-mediated oxidative DNA damage and estrogen-responsive genes monoamine oxygenase B1 (MaoB1) and cell death inducing DFF45 like effector C (Cidec) but differentially affected the levels of tamoxifen metabolizing enzymes."	( Partial inhibition of estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by tamoxifen: balance between oxidant stress and estrogen responsiveness. Bhat, HK; Bhat, NK; Singh, B, 2011)	0.92
"Treatment of tamoxifen significantly reduced the estrogen-induced MCF-7 tumor prevalence and tumor size."	( Low-dose dietary genistein negates the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in athymic nude mice. Cooke, PS; Doerge, DR; Du, M; Hartman, JA; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH; Yang, X, 2012)	0.97
"Treatment with tamoxifen and letrozole (200mg/kg feed) to fingerlings of C."	( Introduction of modern endocrine techniques for the production of monosex population of fishes. Singh, AK, 2013)	0.73
"Pretreatment with Tamoxifen reversed the suppressive effect of E2 on the JAK-STAT pathway in IFNα-treated PBMCs as indicated by a significant increase in MxA expression (P = 0.05*)."	( Tamoxifen alleviates hepatitis C virus-induced inhibition of both toll-like receptor 7 and JAK-STAT signalling pathways in PBMCs of infected Egyptian females. Abdelaziz, AI; Ahmed, R; Esmat, G; Fawzy, IO; Hamdi, N; Negm, M, 2012)	2.15
"Treatment with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor blocker, has been shown to effectively reduce the disc size and is generally considered for treatment when the disc diameter is > 3-4 cm."	( The histopathological effects of tamoxifen in the treatment of pubertal gynecomastia. Akgül, S; Derman, O; Güçer, S; Kanbur, N; Safak, T, 2012)	1
"Treatment with tamoxifen led to a significant subjective improvement and objective changes, confirmed by regular clinical examinations, ultrasonography, and computed tomography of the neck."	( Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen. Dabelic, N; Jukic, T; Kusic, Z; Labar, Z; Matesa, N; Novosel, SA, 2003)	0.94
"Treatment with tamoxifen had effects similar to those of estrogen."	( Effects of long-term HRT and tamoxifen on the expression of progesterone receptors A and B in breast tissue from surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. Cline, JM; Isaksson, E; Sahlin, L; von Schoultz, B; von Schoultz, E; Wang, H, 2003)	0.95
"Treatment with tamoxifen citrate and testosterone undecanoate improved sperm variables and led to a higher incidence of pregnancy in couples with subfertility related to idiopathic oligozoospermia."	( Effectiveness of combined tamoxifen citrate and testosterone undecanoate treatment in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. Adamopoulos, DA; Billa, E; Koukkou, E; Michopoulos, J; Nicopoulou, S; Pappa, A, 2003)	0.97
"The treatment with tamoxifen at doses of 2 mg/kg/24 h and 4 mg/kg/24 h significantly increased BMC and BMD in comparison with ovariectomized control."	( Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density and blood lipids in ovariectomized rats. Czerny, B; Juzyszyn, Z; Myśliwiec, Z; Pawlik, A, )	0.85
"Treatment with tamoxifen may still be useful upon subsequent progression."	( Anastrozole ('Arimidex') versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of the double-blind cross-over SAKK trial 21/95--a sub-study of the TARGET (Tamoxifen or 'Arimidex' Randomized Group Efficacy and Aebi, S; Ballabeni, P; Goldhirsch, A; Hess, D; Köberle, D; Pagani, O; Perey, L; Rochlitz, C; Senn, I; Thürlimann, B, 2004)	0.95
"The treatment with tamoxifen significantly increased the total number of lymphocytes in the follicles, PALS (periarterial lymph sheath) and red pulp relative to all other groups."	( Response of T- and B-lymphocytes in the spleen of mammary tumor-bearing rats to treatment with tamoxifen and soluble tumor-associated antigens. Ben-Hur, H; Elhayany, A; Geva, D; Kossoy, G; Sanko, H; Shumlin, N; Zusman, I, 2004)	0.86
"Ever treatment with tamoxifen was associated with a much greater risk of Mullerian and mesodermal mixed endometrial tumors (OR = 13.5, 95% CI = 4.1 to 44.5) than of adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.6 to 2.7) or clear cell and papillary serous tumors (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 0.8 to 17.9)."	( Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study. Jones, ME; Swerdlow, AJ, 2005)	2.09
"Treatment with tamoxifen (or vehicle) started on day 4 after implantation."	( Effect of tamoxifen in an experimental model of breast tumor studied by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and different contrast agents. Calderan, L; Cavagna, F; Crescimanno, C; Grotti, A; Lorusso, V; Lovati, E; Marzola, P; Merigo, F; Nicolato, E; Osculati, F; Ramponi, S; Sandri, M; Sbarbati, A; Vultaggio, S, 2005)	1.07
"Treatment with tamoxifen, in a dosage of 20 mg twice a day for more than 1(1/2) years, completely resolved the neck mass (substantiated by follow-up magnetic resonance imaging) and relieved the signs and symptoms of compression of the neck."	( A case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen: another successful outcome. Jung, YJ; Muehlenbein, SJ; Rhodes, R; Rich, FA; Schaub, CR, )	0.73
"Treatment with tamoxifen alone or in combination with sTAA significantly increased the number of primordial follicles and atretic follicles in the ovaries, and promoted the formation of small follicular cysts."	( Effects of tamoxifen and soluble tumor-associated antigens on ovarian structure in mammary tumor-bearing rats. Ben-Hur, H; Elhayany, A; Kossoy, G; Kossoy, N; Schneider, DF; Zusman, I, 2005)	1.06
"Treatment with tamoxifen for more than five years appears detrimental rather than beneficial and, therefore, tamoxifen is not indicated for use beyond the initial five years."	( Extended breast cancer treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole) after tamoxifen: why, who and how long? Kaufmann, M; Rody, A, 2006)	0.9
"Treatment with tamoxifen, raloxifene, or the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 inhibited proliferation of 5637 cells in vitro. "	( Efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators in nude mice bearing human transitional cell carcinoma. Jian, W; Lerner, SP; Okuno, N; Shen, SS; Smith, CL; Sonpavde, G; Weiss, H; Younes, M; Yu, J, 2007)	0.69
"Treatment with tamoxifen, or its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT), has cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells in vivo and in culture. "	( Regulation of intracellular calcium release and PP1alpha in a mechanism for 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity. Bollig, A; Kuo, TH; Liao, JD; Thakur, A; Wu, J; Xu, L, 2007)	0.92
"Treatment with tamoxifen or identical placebo tablets for up to 3 weeks. "	( Protein kinase C inhibition in the treatment of mania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tamoxifen. Ankerst, DP; Guleryuz, S; Ongür, D; Renshaw, PF; Yildiz, A, 2008)	0.92
"Treatment with tamoxifen resulted in significantly elevated levels of cortisol throughout the period of treatment; this effect was probably solely due to an increase in transcortin levels."	( Effects of tamoxifen on the serum levels of oestrogens and adrenocortical steroids in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Carlström, K; Sköldefors, H; Theve, NO; Wallgren, A; Wilking, N, 1982)	0.99
"Pre-treatment with tamoxifen prevented the acute anti-gonadotropic effect of NET and GnRH administration to NET treated rats resulted in an abolishment of the pituitary responsiveness in terms of LH."	( Estrogen-like effects of norethisterone on the hypothalamic pituitary unit of ovariectomized rats. Larrea, F; Moctezuma, O; Pérez-Palacios, G, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with tamoxifen over a 4-day period also augmented pituitary responsiveness but only at the lowest dose (0.5 mg/kg); no effect on serum LH concentrations was observed."	( Effects of chronic treatment with oestrogen, an oestrogen antagonist and a potent luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist analogue on pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the rat. Hall, JM; Whitehead, SA, 1983)	0.61
"Treatment with Tamoxifen did not decrease serum prolactin in the luteectomized rats but lactose synthetase was reduced to values similar to that obtained in ovariectomized rats."	( Effect of estrogen and placental lactogen on lactogenesis in pregnant rats. Bussmann, LE; Deis, RP; Koninckx, A, 1983)	0.61
"Treatment with tamoxifen revealed no side effects regarding sexual behaviour, development of gynecomastia or nipple pains."	( Results of treatment with tamoxifen in oligozoospermic men. Danner, Ch; Frick, J; Maier, F, 1983)	0.91
"Treatment with Tamoxifen for 66 days beginning 33 days after carcinogen treatment reduced (p less than 0.05) the incidence of mammary carcinomas by 65%; CB-154 treatment, during the same time period, did not significantly effect the final yield of mammary carcinomas."	( 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) and tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) induced suppression of the genesis of mammary carcinomas in female rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA): a comparison. Brown, CK; Goodrich-Smith, M; Johnson, D; Mackie, D; Welsch, CW, 1982)	0.87
"Pretreatment with tamoxifen resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the proportion of rapidly cycling cells and an increase in the proportion of cells with slow G1 transit times."	( Cell proliferation kinetics of MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cells in culture and effects of tamoxifen on exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells. Hall, RE; Sutherland, RL; Taylor, IW, 1983)	0.81
"Rats treated with tamoxifen for 3 months but not promoted with phenobarbital also developed liver tumors over a longer period of time."	( Tamoxifen induces short-term cumulative DNA damage and liver tumors in rats: promotion by phenobarbital. Carthew, P; De Matteis, F; Dorman, BM; Edwards, RE; Heydon, RT; Martin, EA; Smith, LL; White, IN, 1995)	2.06
"Treatment with tamoxifen, an anti-calmodulin drug, suppressed tumor takes in the recipient mice with tamoxifen-dose-dependent fashion."	( A murine model for bone marrow metastasis established by an i.v. injection of C-1300 neuroblastoma in A/J mice. Ando, K; Chen, YJ; Iwakawa, M; Koike, S; Ohkawa, H, 1994)	0.63
"Treatment with tamoxifen on days 3 and 4, or given daily from day 17 onwards did not modify prolactin concentrations but diminished serum GH concentrations at 08.00 on day 5 and on days 19-22, with the exception of a peak on day 22 (08.00 h)."	( Correlation of growth hormone secretion during pregnancy with circulating prolactin in rats. Deis, RP; Jahn, GA; Rastrilla, AM, 1993)	0.63
"Treatment with tamoxifen alone also caused a reduction in tumor volume, but had no effect on final incidence or number of mammary tumors."	( Effect of conjoint administration of tamoxifen and high-dose radiation on the development of mammary carcinoma. Furmanski, P; Kantorowitz, DA; Thompson, HJ, 1993)	0.9
"Treatment with tamoxifen resulted in uterine luminal and glandular epithelial hypertrophy and basally located nuclei by 36 h."	( Tamoxifen-induced proto-oncogene expression persists in uterine endometrial epithelium. Khan, SA; Nephew, KP; Polek, TC, 1996)	2.08
"Treatment with tamoxifen reversed the E2-inhibition of expression of the message."	( Estrogen regulation of JE/MCP-1 mRNA expression in fibroblasts. Dy, PW; Faunce, DE; Frazier-Jessen, MR; Kovacs, EJ; Mott, FJ; Ramer-Quinn, DS, 1996)	0.63
"Untreated or tamoxifen-treated ovariectomised mice were injected with FGF-transfected cells, treated with AGM-1470 or PPS, and tumour growth and metastasis analysed."	( Effects of AGM-1470 and pentosan polysulphate on tumorigenicity and metastasis of FGF-transfected MCF-7 cells. Gottardis, MM; Kern, FG; Kharbanda, S; Lippman, ME; Liu, Y; McLeskey, SW; Trock, BJ; Zhang, L, 1996)	0.65
"Treatment with tamoxifen (40 mg/day) did not induce clinical manifestations of sex hormone imbalance."	( Oestradiol and testosterone blood levels in patients with viral cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Daniele, B; Esposito, G; Fiore, F; Galati, MG; Pergola, M; Pignata, S; Ricchi, P; Vallone, P, 1997)	0.64
"Treatment with tamoxifen led to a significant reduction in the PE to PE+PC peak amplitude ratio in the tumors under consideration."	( Hormonally induced modulation in the phosphate metabolites of breast cancer: analysis of in vivo 31P MRS signals with a modified prony method. Barone, P; Degani, H; Furman, E; Guidoni, L; Ragona, R; Viti, V, 1997)	0.64
"The treatment of tamoxifen, widely used as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, increases significantly the risk of developing endometrial cancer. "	( Miscoding potential of tamoxifen-derived DNA adducts: alpha-(N2-deoxyguanosinyl)tamoxifen. Dasaradhi, L; Shibutani, S, 1997)	0.95
"Pre-treatment with tamoxifen (1-20 microM) inhibits 3H-AA release stimulated by both these agents and again the presence of excess estradiol does not reverse this effect."	( Tamoxifen inhibits the release of arachidonic acid stimulated by thapsigargin in estrogen receptor-negative A549 cells. Choudhury, Q; Croxtall, JD; Flower, RJ; White, JO, 1997)	2.06
"Treatment with tamoxifen is associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction. "	( Tamoxifen reduces plasma homocysteine levels in healthy women. Baglietto, L; Bettega, D; Cattaneo, M; Costa, A; Decensi, A; Mannucci, PM; Robertson, C; Zighetti, ML, 1998)	2.1
"Treatment with tamoxifen alone had no effect on either gene expression or the density of binding sites."	( Effects of tamoxifen on serotonin transporter and 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor binding sites and mRNA levels in the brain of ovariectomized rats with or without acute estradiol replacement. Fink, G; Fritzemeier, KH; Grant, KE; Hegele-Hartung, C; Rosie, R; Sumner, BE, 1999)	1.03
"Treatment with tamoxifen resulted in an improvement in outcome (EFS: RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.07, OS: RR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.0) although it proved not significant."	( Randomized 2 x 2 trial evaluating hormonal treatment and the duration of chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer patients: an update based on 10 years' follow-up. German Breast Cancer Study Group. Bastert, G; Beyerle, C; Bojar, H; Neumann, RL; Sauerbrei, W; Schmoor, C; Schumacher, M, 2000)	0.65
"Treatment with tamoxifen increased the risk of endometrial cancers in breast cancer patients and women participating in the chemoprevention study. "	( Identification of tamoxifen-DNA adducts induced by alpha-acetoxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen. Kitagawa, M; Ravindernath, A; Rieger, R; Shibutani, S; Suzuki, N; Terashima, I; Umemoto, A, 2000)	0.99
"Treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene analog LY 326315 reduced leiomyoma incidence by 40-60% and reduced the size of remaining tumors."	( Preclinical evidence for therapeutic efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators for uterine leiomyoma. Burroughs, KD; Davis, B; Everitt, JI; Fuchs-Young, R; Sowell, K; Walker, CL, )	0.47
"Pretreatment with tamoxifen alone had no effect on arteriolar diameter but inhibited estrogen-induced vasodilation (P < 0.001)."	( Effects of estrogen on cerebral blood flow and pial microvasculature in rabbits. Agnew, DM; Hurn, PD; Littleton-Kearney, MT; Traystman, RJ, 2000)	0.63
"Treatment with tamoxifen or ICI 182,780 of 3-week BDL rats inhibited cholangiocyte proliferation and induced overexpression of Fas antigen and apoptosis in cholangiocytes."	( Estrogens stimulate proliferation of intrahepatic biliary epithelium in rats. Alpini, G; Alvaro, D; Baiocchi, L; Folli, F; Franchitto, A; Gaudio, E; Glaser, SS; Le Sage, G; Onori, P; Perego, L; Svegliata Baroni, G, 2000)	0.65
"Treatment with tamoxifen, known in restoration of tumor suppressor function and on induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis), after OTA administration, had no significant inhibition effect on the incidence of apoptotic bodies in liver."	( Significance of apoptosis and its relationship to antioxidants after ochratoxin A administration in mice. Ali-Vehmas, T; Atroshi, F; Biese, I; Rizzo, A; Saari, S; Saloniemi, H; Veijalainen, P, )	0.47
"Treatment with tamoxifen added only marginal benefit while causing unacceptable side effects. "	( The role of tamoxifen in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata -- a pilot study. Debby, A; Ginath, S; Glezerman, M; Rotmensch, S; Sadan, O; Sofer, D; Zakut, H, 2001)	1.04
"Pretreatment with tamoxifen (TAM) 10 micromol/L, an inhibitor of estrogen receptor, did not block the effect of E2 on CBA."	( 17 beta-Estradiol inhibits carotid sinus baroreceptor activity in anesthetized male rats. Fan, ZZ; He, RR; Wang, S, 2001)	0.63
"Treatment with tamoxifen inhibited tumor growth and their malignance: the number of rats without malignant tumors significantly increased compared to controls, 27.3% and 5.6%, respectively."	( Soluble low-molecular-mass tumor-associated antigens promote the suppression of rat mammary tumors by tamoxifen and prevent its toxic effect. Ben-Hur, H; Kossoy, G; Zusman, I, 2002)	0.87
"Treatment with Tamoxifen for 2 weeks resulted in a small, but significant, decrease in IGF-I levels, but increase in the plasma concentration of IGFBP-I."	( The effect of endocrine therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione or tamoxifen on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-1 in women with advanced breast cancer. Christodoulides, A; Ghilchik, MW; Koistinen, R; Reed, MJ; Seppälä, M; Teale, JD, 1992)	0.84
"Treatment with tamoxifen in order to raise the serum AAT level only resulted in an insufficient increase."	( A new variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (Siiyama) associated with pulmonary emphysema. Ichioka, M; Marumo, F; Miyahara, Y; Miyake, K; Nouchi, T; Nukiwa, T; Seyama, K; Shinada, H; Takabe, K; Tsukimoto, K, 1992)	0.62
"Treatment with tamoxifen (TM), alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF), was used as an adjuvant to surgery in 433 patients with stage I, II, or III(T3a) breast cancer. "	( Adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen in operable breast cancer. 10 year results of the Naples (GUN) study. Bianco, AR; D'Istria, M; De Placido, S; Delrio, G; Gallo, C; Marinelli, A; Pagliarulo, C; Petrella, G, 1988)	0.94
"Treatment with tamoxifen was associated with lower concentrations of plasma IGF-I (0.48 +/- 0.3 unit/ml in treated versus 1.03 +/- 0.6 units/ml in nontreated patients, P less than 0.01)."	( Effect of tamoxifen on plasma insulin-like growth factor I in patients with breast cancer. Colletti, RB; Copeland, KC; Devlin, JT; Roberts, JD, 1989)	1.02
"Treatment with tamoxifen did not alter serum levels of testosterone in male rats during the perinatal period, but it inhibited development and differentiation of the SDN-POA."	( Pre- and postnatal influence of an estrogen antagonist and an androgen antagonist on differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in male and female rats. Coquelin, A; Davis, F; Döhler, KD; Gorski, RA; Hines, M; Jarzab, B; Shryne, JE; Sickmöller, PM, 1986)	0.61
"Treatment with tamoxifen resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cancer incidence, and the number of cancers induced and significantly prolonged the median cancer-free time."	( Effect of D,L-2-difluoromethylornithine and endocrine manipulation on the induction of mammary carcinogenesis by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. Ronan, AM; Thompson, HJ, 1986)	0.61
"Treatment with tamoxifen before or during the period of gland genesis also reduced uterine responsiveness to a single dose of E2 as measured by both uterine weight gain (after a 24-h exposure on days 14, 19, 22, and 26) and the pattern of E2-induced ODC activity in 26-day-old rats."	( Inhibition of rat uterine gland genesis by tamoxifen. Branham, WS; Medlock, KL; Nelson, CJ; Ridlon, E; Sheehan, DM; Zehr, DR, 1985)	0.87

Toxicity

Tamoxifen and fenretinide is safe but not synergistic in lowering IGF-I levels in premenopausal women. CYP2D6 genotypes and phenotypes were related to the occurrence of hot flashes as adverse event during the first year of use.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The 58-day ip LD50 of TCDD was reduced from 330 to 185 micrograms/kg by sc administration of 1 mg/kg/day tamoxifen."	( The potentiation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity by tamoxifen in female CD1 mice. Gallo, MA; MacKenzie, SA; Thomas, T; Umbreit, TH, 1992)	0.73
" An exogenous P-450-dependent hepatic biotransforming (catechol-generating) system failed to alter either the incidence of observed toxic effects or measured growth parameters."	( Embryotoxicity induced by diethylstilbestrol in vitro. Beyer, BK; Fantel, AG; Greenaway, JC; Juchau, MR, 1987)	0.27
" Adverse effects were experienced in 3 (5."	( [Efficacy and safety of high dose NK 622 (toremifene citrate) in tamoxifen failed patients with breast cancer]. Abe, O; Asaishi, K; Izuo, M; Nomura, Y; Tominaga, T, 1993)	0.52
"Long-term tamoxifen has generally only few and usually mild adverse side effects."	( Long-term toxicity of tamoxifen. Rutqvist, LE, 1993)	1
" However, tamoxifen alone caused significant toxic effects to TSGH-8301 at > or = 40 microM and to HTB9 at > or = 30 microM."	( Combined cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen and chemotherapeutic agents on bladder cancer cells: a potential use in intravesical chemotherapy. Cheng, AL; Hsieh, CY; Hsieh, TS; Lai, MK; Pu, YS; Su, IJ; Tsai, TC; Tseng, NF, 1996)	0.98
"Tamoxifen enhanced the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents largely through its toxic effects on the bladder cancer cells."	( Combined cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen and chemotherapeutic agents on bladder cancer cells: a potential use in intravesical chemotherapy. Cheng, AL; Hsieh, CY; Hsieh, TS; Lai, MK; Pu, YS; Su, IJ; Tsai, TC; Tseng, NF, 1996)	2.03
" In these experiments, a 24-h pretreatment with 15 and 50 nM 17 beta-estradiol significantly reduced cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary cortical neurons, indicating that neurons treated with 17 beta-estradiol were protected from a toxic glutamate exposure."	( Estrogen protects primary cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity. Dorsa, DM; Rogers, KL; Singer, CA; Strickland, TM, 1996)	0.29
"The main adverse effects of tamoxifen, aspirin, oral contraceptives (OCs) and retinoids used as chemopreventive agents in humans are reviewed and quantified here."	( Adverse effects of preventive therapy in humans. Garattini, S; La Vecchia, C; Tavani, A, 1996)	0.59
" Most patients treated with tamoxifen have minimal adverse effects."	( Tamoxifen in postmenopausal women a safety perspective. Kimmick, GG; Muss, HB; Robinson, E, 1996)	2.03
" Most of the adverse effects of toremifene are related to its activity at estrogen receptors and include hot flashes, vaginal discharge and nausea."	( Toremifene in postmenopausal breast cancer. Efficacy, safety and cost. Ala-Fossi, SL; Mäenpää, JU, 1997)	0.3
" It is generally well tolerated, apart from certain well-documented adverse effects concerning mainly the reproductive organs, the most worrying being its carcinogenicity for the endometrium."	( Tamoxifen and ocular toxicity. Ah-Song, R; Sasco, AJ, 1997)	1.74
" These results provide support for the toxic fragment hypothesis whereby cleavage of atrophin-1 by caspases may be an important step in the pathogenesis of DRPLA."	( Cleavage of atrophin-1 at caspase site aspartic acid 109 modulates cytotoxicity. Andrusiak, RL; Bredesen, DE; Ellerby, LM; Hackam, AS; Hayden, MR; Margolis, RL; Propp, SS; Ross, CA; Salvesen, GS; Sharp, AH; Wellington, CL; Wood, JD, 1999)	0.3
" The guinea pig is the most susceptible mammal known, with an LD50 in the range 1-2 micrograms TCDD/kg, whereas the hamster is the most resistant species with an LD50 greater than 3000 micrograms/kg."	( Interspecies differences in cancer susceptibility and toxicity. Hengstler, JG; Oesch, F; Steinberg, P; Van der Burg, B, 1999)	0.3
"Prompt reporting of symptoms and yearly ophthalmic examinations are mandatory in patients on tamoxifen to detect toxic effects while these are still reversible."	( Ocular toxicity in low-dose tamoxifen: a prospective study. Bashshur, Z; Khalil, A; Noureddin, BN; Salem, Z; Seoud, M; Shamseddin, A, 1999)	0.82
" Adverse drug effects were suspected due to the presence of yellow-white dots in the paramacular region and the fovea and by modifications of the retinal epithelial pigments."	( [Birdshot chorioretinopathy associated with tamoxifen retinal toxicity]. Badet, JC; Naoun-Hubert, I; Rozot, P; Sommer, S; Zaoui, M, 2000)	0.57
" However, the use of potentially toxic genes, such as tumor suppressor genes or apoptotic genes, needs controllable transgene activation."	( Improved safety through tamoxifen-regulated induction of cytotoxic genes delivered by Ad vectors for cancer gene therapy. Crespo, F; Esche, H; Pützer, BM; Stiewe, T, 2000)	0.61
" The levels of this toxic metabolite and its corresponding biliary rate constant were reduced by approximately 50%."	( Effect of tamoxifen pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in female rats. Boroujerdi, M; Vaidyanathan, S, 2000)	0.71
" The subjective side-effect profile was similar in both treatment groups."	( Safety and efficacy results of a randomized trial comparing adjuvant toremifene and tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. Finnish Breast Cancer Group. Blanco, G; Flander, M; Hietanen, P; Holli, K; Joensuu, H; Kataja, V; Pukkala, E; Valavaara, R, 2000)	0.53
"The side-effect profile of toremifene resembles that of tamoxifen."	( Safety and efficacy results of a randomized trial comparing adjuvant toremifene and tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. Finnish Breast Cancer Group. Blanco, G; Flander, M; Hietanen, P; Holli, K; Joensuu, H; Kataja, V; Pukkala, E; Valavaara, R, 2000)	0.78
" The 4-HPR and safingol combination was cytotoxic in low-oxygen conditions and was minimally toxic to normal fibroblasts and bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells."	( Synergistic cytotoxicity in solid tumor cell lines between N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and modulators of ceramide metabolism. Billups, C; Cabot, MC; Maurer, BJ; Melton, L; Reynolds, CP, 2000)	0.31
" The most frequently reported side effect was hot flushes, and the most worrisome gynecologic side effect was a two- to three-fold increased risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women."	( Tamoxifen treatment and gynecologic side effects: a review. De Vries, EG; Hollema, H; Mourits, MJ; Ten Hoor, KA; Van der Zee, AG; Willemse, PH, 2001)	1.75
" One patient experienced a life-threatening adverse reaction within minutes of receiving the first dose."	( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: tolerability and toxicity. Goram, AL; Richmond, PL, 2001)	0.31
"Determination of potential drug toxicity and side effect in early stages of drug development is important in reducing the cost and time of drug discovery."	( Prediction of potential toxicity and side effect protein targets of a small molecule by a ligand-protein inverse docking approach. Chen, YZ; Ung, CY, 2001)	0.31
" Serum protected the cells from the toxic effects of the drugs."	( Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of selected systemic and intravitreally dosed drugs in the cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial cell line and of pig primary retinal pigment epithelial cells. Diehl, H; Engelke, M; Huhtala, A; Mäenpää, H; Mannerström, M; Mäntylä, E; Mäntylä, M; Marselos, M; Pappas, P; Salminen, L; Tähti, H; Toimela, T; Uusitalo, H; Zorn-Kruppa, M, 2002)	0.31
" Five micrograms per kilogram per day represented the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in males and the No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) in females."	( Tamoxifen: 28-day oral toxicity study in the rat based on the Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 to detect endocrine effects. Barale-Thomas, E; Bars, R; Espuña, G; Kennel, P; Pallen, C, 2003)	1.76
" Although published information about the side effects of AIs is scarce, it is likely that they will have adverse effects on bone and possibly also on lipid metabolism."	( Safety issues surrounding the use of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Dixon, JM; Jackson, J; Miller, WR, 2003)	0.32
" Among the side effects of therapy that were observed in metastatic trials, AIs have shown less vascular and uterine adverse events than tamoxifen."	( Origin and characteristics of adverse events in aromatase inhibition therapy for breast cancer. Dowsett, M, 2003)	0.52
" No significant adverse events related to the study drug were observed clinically or biochemically."	( Activity and safety of the antiestrogen EM-800, the orally active precursor of acolbifene, in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Candas, B; Champagne, P; Cusan, L; Diamond, P; Drolet, Y; Dufresne, J; Jolivet, J; L'Espérance, B; Labrie, C; Labrie, F; Latreille, J; Laverdière, J; Panasci, L; Pollak, M; Potvin, M; Provencher, L; Robert, J; Roy, J; Samson, B; Yelle, L, 2004)	0.54
" Our results support the view that metabolic activation of tamoxifen in liver cells may proceed via CYP450-mediated metabolism and subsequent sulfotransferase-mediated activation and point to the role of CYP3A4 and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase in adverse tamoxifen effects."	( Tamoxifen cytotoxicity in hepatoblastoma cells stably transfected with human CYP3A4. Braszko, JJ; Holownia, A, 2004)	2.01
" Results of the analysis showed that women who experienced at least one TAM-related side effect had significantly higher levels of TAM than women not experiencing any TAM-related side effects."	( Association of tamoxifen (TAM) and TAM metabolite concentrations with self-reported side effects of TAM in women with breast cancer. Danton, M; Flaws, JA; Gallicchio, L; Lewis, LM; Lim, CK; Lord, G; Tkaczuk, K, 2004)	0.68
" The incidence and severity of adverse events were assessed by physical examination and patient reporting."	( Pilot study evaluating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the combination of exemestane and tamoxifen. Asnis, AG; Duncan, B; Francis, D; Hortobagyi, GN; Rivera, E; Schaaf, LJ; Valero, V, 2004)	0.54
" All drug-related adverse events were grades 1 or 2; none was unexpected."	( Pilot study evaluating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the combination of exemestane and tamoxifen. Asnis, AG; Duncan, B; Francis, D; Hortobagyi, GN; Rivera, E; Schaaf, LJ; Valero, V, 2004)	0.54
" Our current study suggests that adjuvant tamoxifen therapy reverses the adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure on total and LDL cholesterol and even lowers their serum levels below the baseline."	( Tamoxifen treatment reverses the adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure on serum lipids. Blomqvist, C; Elomaa, I; Saarto, T; Taskinen, MR; Vehmanen, L, 2004)	2.03
" In the present study, estrogenic and toxic effects of PCBs on embryonic chicken ovarian development were evaluated by a germ-somatic cell co-culture system."	( Estrogenic and toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cultured ovarian germ cells of embryonic chickens. Xie, M; Zhang, C, 2004)	0.32
"In vitro assays involving primary cells are used routinely to evaluate organ-specific toxic effects, for instance, the use of primary hepatocytes to evaluate hepatotoxicity."	( A novel in vitro system, the integrated discrete multiple organ cell culture (IdMOC) system, for the evaluation of human drug toxicity: comparative cytotoxicity of tamoxifen towards normal human cells from five major organs and MCF-7 adenocarcinoma breast Bode, C; Li, AP; Sakai, Y, 2004)	0.52
" Clinical trials have begun to define the role of these agents and their unique side-effect profiles."	( Advances in endocrine therapy for breast cancer: considering efficacy, safety, and quality of life. Harwood, KV, 2004)	0.32
" The AIs have differing pharmacological profiles, which may translate into dissimilar adverse event profiles in the adjuvant treatment setting, but patient follow-up in most trials is relatively short to make a valid comparison."	( Safety considerations of adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Gradishar, WJ, 2005)	0.33
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( An in vitro approach to detect metabolite toxicity due to CYP3A4-dependent bioactivation of xenobiotics. Grossi, P; Kanter, Rd; Monaci, S; Monshouwer, M; Turlizzi, E; Vignati, L, 2005)	0.33
"Ocular toxicity during adjuvant therapy is a common side effect mainly represented by irritative symptoms due to chemotherapy."	( Ocular toxicity during adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for early breast cancer: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group trials. Castiglione-Gertsch, M; Coates, AS; Collins, J; Crivellari, D; Gelber, RD; Gianni, L; Goldhirsch, A; Holmberg, SB; Li, S; Panzini, I; Ravaioli, A, 2006)	0.33
" Thirty-six patients have dropped out of the study, 17 because of adverse events and 19 for various other reasons."	( Preliminary results on safety and activity of a randomized, double-blind, 2 x 2 trial of low-dose tamoxifen and fenretinide for breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women. Bonanni, B; Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Formelli, F; Franchi, D; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Gulisano, M; Intra, M; Johansson, H; Johnson, K; Latronico, A; Mora, S; Pelosi, G; Robertson, C; Serrano, D, 2006)	0.55
"The combination of low-dose tamoxifen and fenretinide is safe but not synergistic in lowering IGF-I levels in premenopausal women."	( Preliminary results on safety and activity of a randomized, double-blind, 2 x 2 trial of low-dose tamoxifen and fenretinide for breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women. Bonanni, B; Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Formelli, F; Franchi, D; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Gulisano, M; Intra, M; Johansson, H; Johnson, K; Latronico, A; Mora, S; Pelosi, G; Robertson, C; Serrano, D, 2006)	0.84
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
"One of the most attractive approaches to disease prevention involves the use of natural antioxidants to protect tissue against toxic injury."	( Attenuation of tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity by taurine in mice. Banerjee, BD; Parvez, S; Raisuddin, S; Rehman, H; Tabassum, H, 2006)	0.69
" This paper summarizes the adverse events reported in third-generation AI trials and comments on the appropriate management of these drug-induced adverse events in patients."	( Incidence and management of side effects associated with aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Mouridsen, HT, 2006)	0.33
"The most commonly reported adverse events associated with adjuvant AI therapy include hot flushes and musculoskeletal complaints/arthralgia."	( Incidence and management of side effects associated with aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Mouridsen, HT, 2006)	0.33
" We calculated a risk-benefit analysis using the two global indices for the Women's Health Initiative and for Disease-Free Survival and Serious Adverse Events."	( Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Buzdar, A; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Hoctin-Boes, G; Houghton, J; Howell, A; Locker, GY; Nabholtz, JM; Wale, C, 2006)	0.58
"At median follow-up of 68 months (range 1-93), treatment-related adverse events occurred significantly less often with anastrozole than with tamoxifen (1884 [61%] vs 2117 [68%]; p<0."	( Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Buzdar, A; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Hoctin-Boes, G; Houghton, J; Howell, A; Locker, GY; Nabholtz, JM; Wale, C, 2006)	0.78
"Anastrozole is tolerated better than tamoxifen by postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer, and results in fewer serious adverse events."	( Comprehensive side-effect profile of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: long-term safety analysis of the ATAC trial. Buzdar, A; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Hoctin-Boes, G; Houghton, J; Howell, A; Locker, GY; Nabholtz, JM; Wale, C, 2006)	0.86
" Given this known side effect associated with tamoxifen therapy, newer endocrine therapies such as the third-generation aromatase inhibitors have been compared to tamoxifen also in terms of their uterine effects."	( Endometrial safety of third generation aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Morales, L; Neven, P; Paridaens, R; Timmerman, D, 2006)	0.83
"Bone loss may be a potential side effect of implementing aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting."	( Bone safety of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen. Lønning, PE, 2006)	0.6
" Three other patients had ocular toxic effects, with two cases of refractile retinal crystals and one case of keratopathy."	( Multifocal electroretinography, color discrimination and ocular toxicity in tamoxifen use. Berezovsky, A; Motono, M; Salomão, SR; Watanabe, SE, 2007)	0.57
" Some degree of color vision loss and ocular toxic effects were found in a few cases of this cohort suggesting that women using tamoxifen should receive an eye exam at least as often as recommended for middle-aged people."	( Multifocal electroretinography, color discrimination and ocular toxicity in tamoxifen use. Berezovsky, A; Motono, M; Salomão, SR; Watanabe, SE, 2007)	0.77
"The optic nerve is quite vulnerable to the toxic effect of drugs."	( [Toxicity of recent and less recent drugs on the optic nerve. Does Viagra cause blindness?]. Cordonnier, M, 2007)	0.34
"We reviewed the most recent systemic drugs used in Belgium causing toxic corneal side effects."	( [Toxic effects of medications on the cornea]. Ravet, O, 2007)	0.34
" In published clinical trials and in clinical practice, adverse events (AEs) constitute the main reason for nonadherence to endocrine treatment."	( Recognition and management of treatment-related side effects for breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy. Cella, D; Fallowfield, LJ, 2008)	0.35
" As AIs lack estrogenic activity, they are not associated with these serious adverse events."	( Safety profiles of tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitors in adjuvant therapy of hormone-responsive early breast cancer. Perez, EA, 2007)	0.67
"Tamoxifen has been found to be safe and effective in gynecological cancer patients with normal renal function."	( Tamoxifen is safe and effective in gynecological cancer patients with renal dysfunction. Gershenson, DM; Jaishuen, A; Kavanagh, JJ; Li, Y; Sirisabya, N; Zheng, HG, )	3.02
" Generally, adverse events with AIs are predictable and manageable, whereas tamoxifen may be associated with life-threatening events in a minority of patients."	( Safety of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant setting. Perez, EA, 2007)	0.57
"Previous analyses of adjuvant studies of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen, including the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study, have suggested a small numerical excess of cardiac adverse events (AEs) on aromatase inhibitors, a reduction in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia on tamoxifen, and significantly higher incidence of thromboembolic AEs on tamoxifen."	( Cardiovascular adverse events during adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer using letrozole or tamoxifen: safety analysis of BIG 1-98 trial. Castiglione-Gertsch, M; Coates, AS; Colleoni, M; Forbes, JF; Gelber, RD; Goldhirsch, A; Keshaviah, A; Mauriac, L; Mouridsen, H; Paridaens, R; Price, KN; Rabaglio, M; Smith, I; Sun, Z; Thürlimann, B, 2007)	0.79
" The rates of severe taxane-related toxic effects and thrombocytopenia, although low overall, are significantly increased with the dose-dense sequential regimen."	( Postoperative dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel and CMF in patients with high-risk breast cancer: safety analysis of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group randomized phase III trial HE 10/00. Bafaloukos, D; Briasoulis, E; Dafni, U; Dimitrakakis, K; Dimopoulos, AM; Fountzilas, G; Gogas, H; Kalofonos, HP; Karanikiotis, C; Karina, M; Linardou, H; Makrantonakis, P; Markopoulos, C; Papadimitriou, C; Papakostas, P; Pectasides, D; Pisanidis, N; Polichronis, A; Samantas, E; Skarlos, D; Stathopoulos, GP; Tzorakoeleftherakis, E; Varthalitis, I; Xiros, N, 2008)	0.35
" Moreover, patients who were positive for COX-2 predicted adverse effects of tamoxifen (P=0."	( Cyclooxygenase-2 predicts adverse effects of tamoxifen: a possible mechanism of role for nuclear HER2 in breast cancer patients. Crotty, TB; Dillon, MF; Hill, AD; Kelly, G; McDermott, E; McIlroy, M; Redmond, AM; Stafford, AT; Young, LS, 2008)	0.83
"To experimentally test whether using pictographs (image matrices), incremental risk formats, and varied risk denominators would influence perceptions and comprehension of side effect risks in an online decision aid about prophylactic use of tamoxifen to prevent primary breast cancers."	( Communicating side effect risks in a tamoxifen prophylaxis decision aid: the debiasing influence of pictographs. Derry, HA; Fagerlin, A; McClure, JB; Pitsch, RK; Smith, DM; Stark, A; Ubel, PA; Zikmund-Fisher, BJ, 2008)	0.8
" However, the adverse events associated with AIs are different from those associated with SERMs."	( Safety profiles of aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen-receptor modulators in the treatment of early breast cancer. Iwase, H; Yamamoto, Y, 2008)	0.35
"Results of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial have shown that tamoxifen is associated with a significantly higher incidence of gynecologic adverse events than anastrozole."	( A lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole than with tamoxifen in the ATAC trial. Baum, M; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Duffy, SR; Howell, A, 2009)	0.88
"This was a retrospective analysis of all gynecologic adverse events and interventions conducted in patients receiving anastrozole or tamoxifen in the main ATAC trial database."	( A lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole than with tamoxifen in the ATAC trial. Baum, M; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Duffy, SR; Howell, A, 2009)	0.78
"Women taking tamoxifen experienced significantly more gynecologic adverse events than those taking anastrozole (34."	( A lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole than with tamoxifen in the ATAC trial. Baum, M; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Duffy, SR; Howell, A, 2009)	0.94
"The lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole and the early occurrence of these events provide further support for using anastrozole as the initial adjuvant treatment for early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer."	( A lower incidence of gynecologic adverse events and interventions with anastrozole than with tamoxifen in the ATAC trial. Baum, M; Cuzick, J; Distler, W; Duffy, SR; Howell, A, 2009)	0.57
" Adverse effects of TAM include hepatotoxicity."	( Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Abdel-Naim, AB; Albukhari, AA; El-Beshbishy, HA; Gashlan, HM; Nagy, AA, 2009)	0.61
" A UK government regulatory publication recommends providing medicine side effect risk information in a combined format, using verbal descriptors accompanied by numerical information."	( Communicating the risk of side effects to patients: an evaluation of UK regulatory recommendations. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.35
"This study, with users of an existing popular patient information website, investigates the effectiveness of presenting medicine side effect risk information in different forms."	( Communicating the risk of side effects to patients: an evaluation of UK regulatory recommendations. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.35
" They were also more accurate at estimating the likelihood of themselves or the average person having any side effect from taking tamoxifen."	( Communicating the risk of side effects to patients: an evaluation of UK regulatory recommendations. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.56
" They also add weight to the growing body of research highlighting the deficiencies in using verbal descriptors for conveying side effect risk, and the strength of using absolute frequency descriptors."	( Communicating the risk of side effects to patients: an evaluation of UK regulatory recommendations. Carrigan, N; Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2009)	0.35
" Our results confirmed that longterm postoperative therapy with UFT alone was feasible, provided that early adverse events are carefully monitored."	( [Safety and compliance with UFT (tegafur and uracil) alone and in combination with hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer]. Noguchi, S; Taguchi, T, 2009)	0.35
"Tamoxifen is generally considered a safe drug for Indian women with breast cancer."	( Tamoxifen use in Indian women--adverse effects revisited. Alam, N; Ashraf, M; Biswas, J; Gupta, S; Majumdar, S; Mukherjee, KK; Nayak, S, )	3.02
"To investigate the effectiveness of presenting medicine side effect risk information in different forms, including that proposed by UK guidelines [[1] Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency."	( Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: a study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors. Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2010)	0.69
"Those presented with absolute frequencies demonstrated greater accuracy in estimating 2 of 4 side effects, and of any side effect occurring, than those presented with frequency bands."	( Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: a study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors. Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2010)	0.69
"Absolute frequencies outperform frequency bands when presenting side effect risk information."	( Perceived risk of tamoxifen side effects: a study of the use of absolute frequencies or frequency bands, with or without verbal descriptors. Gardner, PH; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2010)	0.69
" Phase 3 clinical data have shown that bazedoxifene is effective in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, without adverse effects on the endometrium or breast."	( Endometrial safety: a key hurdle for selective estrogen receptor modulators in development. Goldstein, SR; Pinkerton, JV, )	0.13
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" This is the first study demonstrating that single oral doses of endoxifen are safe and well tolerated and have sufficient bioavailability to reach systemically effective levels in human subjects."	( Endoxifen, a new cornerstone of breast cancer therapy: demonstration of safety, tolerability, and systemic bioavailability in healthy human subjects. Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Kale, P; Krishnappa, M; Rane, RC; Shahabuddin, S; Sheikh, S, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects when exposing healthy female dogs to tamoxifen."	( Evaluation of adverse effects in tamoxifen exposed healthy female dogs. Bertagnolli, AC; Carneiro, RA; Cassali, GD; Cavalcanti, GA; Figueiredo, MS; Lavalle, GE; Melo, MM; Paes, PR; Souza, AG; Tavares, WL; Viana, FA, 2010)	0.86
" This meta-analysis suggested that toremifene was as effective as tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting for both perimenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients with similar severe adverse effects to tamoxifen."	( Toremifene is an effective and safe alternative to tamoxifen in adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer: results of four randomized trials. Chen, L; Ding, Q; Liu, XA; Wang, S; Zhou, WB, 2011)	0.86
" Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), absolute risks, and the number needed to harm associated with one adverse event were computed for prespecified serious adverse events including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, bone fractures, thromboembolic events, endometrial carcinoma and other second cancers not including new breast cancer."	( Toxicity of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Amir, E; Carlsson, L; Niraula, S; Ocaña, A; Seruga, B, 2011)	0.37
" It is well tolerated with mild adverse effects."	( Gynecomastia during imatinib mesylate treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a rare adverse event. Liao, G; Liu, H; Yan, Z, 2011)	0.37
"Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), symptoms of depression, and adverse events (AEs) were compared between Japanese postmenopausal patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer (BC) who received adjuvant tamoxifen, exemestane, or anastrozole in an open-labeled, randomized, multicenter trial designated as the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer (N-SAS BC) 04 substudy of the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial."	( Health-related quality of life, psychological distress, and adverse events in postmenopausal women with breast cancer who receive tamoxifen, exemestane, or anastrozole as adjuvant endocrine therapy: National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer 04 (N- Hozumi, Y; Ohashi, Y; Ohsumi, S; Shimozuma, K; Suemasu, K; Takehara, M; Takei, H, 2012)	0.77
"Toremifene may be a valid and safe alternative to tamoxifen in premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer."	( A comparison of survival outcomes and side effects of toremifene or tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal estrogen and progesterone receptor positive breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study. Chen, K; Chen, L; Gu, R; Hu, Y; Jia, W; Jin, L; Li, S; Long, M; Rao, N; Song, E; Su, F; Wu, J; Wu, M; Xiao, Q; Zeng, Y, 2012)	0.87
" AFB was selective toxic towards the human hepatocytes and relatively noncytotoxic towards 3T3 cells both in the presence and absence of the hepatocytes."	( Definition of metabolism-dependent xenobiotic toxicity with co-cultures of human hepatocytes and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in the novel integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture (IdMOC) experimental system: results with model toxicants aflatoxin B1, cyclo LaForge, YS; Li, AP; Uzgare, A, 2012)	0.38
"10), but no differences in hysterectomy rates or other serious adverse event rates were observed."	( A double-blind placebo-controlled study to evaluate endometrial safety and gynaecological symptoms in women treated for up to 5 years with tamoxifen or placebo - a substudy for IBIS I Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. Cuzick, J; Holli, K; Koivisto, AM; Palva, T; Pylkkänen, L; Ranta, H, 2013)	0.59
" With its very low chronic skin toxicity rates and outstanding long-term results regarding toxicity and local control, IORT with 50 kV X-rays is a safe and effective method for treatment of selected breast cancer patients."	( Late radiation toxicity after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III trial TARGIT A. Gerhardt, A; Keller, A; Kraus-Tiefenbacher, U; Sperk, E; Sütterlin, M; Welzel, G; Wenz, F, 2012)	0.38
" However, the use of both anastrozole and letrozole appears to be safe with concomitant RT, without increasing the risk of pulmonary fibrosis."	( Comparison of the effects of aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen on radiation-induced lung toxicity: results of an experimental study. Acar, H; Ata, O; Toy, H; Yavas, C; Yavas, G; Yuce, D, 2013)	0.64
" Safety assessments included adverse events, cervical Papanicolaou tests, endometrial histology, endometrial thickness, gynecological examination, breast palpation, mammography, physical examination, and clinical safety laboratory assessments."	( One-year long-term safety extension study of ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women with a uterus. Bachmann, GA; Lin, VH; Radovich, C; Simon, JA, 2013)	0.39
"No clinically significant adverse changes in safety assessments were observed in any treatment group."	( One-year long-term safety extension study of ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women with a uterus. Bachmann, GA; Lin, VH; Radovich, C; Simon, JA, 2013)	0.39
"Daily doses of ospemifene 30 mg and ospemifene 60 mg yielded few treatment-emergent adverse events and demonstrated no significant endometrial changes during the 1-year treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women with a uterus."	( One-year long-term safety extension study of ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women with a uterus. Bachmann, GA; Lin, VH; Radovich, C; Simon, JA, 2013)	0.39
"Tamoxifen is a safe and viable therapeutic option in the treatment of iRPF."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of a tamoxifen-based treatment strategy for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Hendriksz, TR; Pelkmans, LG; van Bommel, EF; van Damme, H, 2013)	2.11
"030) between the numbers of Ultrarapid Metabolizer patients (UM; high activity) with two or more adverse drug reactions to tamoxifen (7/9; 77."	( Side effects associated with ultrarapid cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. Agostino, FD; Alabiso, O; Bellomo, G; Borra, G; Fanello, MR; Forti, L; Meola, S; Nicolotti, C; Pollarolo, P; Rolla, R; Rossi, V; Saggia, C; Stratica, F; Vidali, M, 2012)	0.79
"Acitretin is a synthetic retinoid used for severe extensive psoriasis and it has been shown to be an effective and a safe therapeutic drug for other diseases including cancer when used in combination with other agents."	( Acitretin affects bioenergetics of liver mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial permeability transition: potential mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Custódio, JB; Ribeiro, MP; Rocha-Pereira, P; Santos, MS; Santos-Silva, A; Silva, FS, 2013)	0.39
"The study evaluated the interpretation of, and preferences for, numerical information on side-effect incidence when presented in three different formats."	( Evaluating a combined (frequency and percentage) risk expression to communicate information on medicine side effects to patients. Gardner, P; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2013)	0.39
" They then interpreted information on tamoxifen and its effect on health, and estimates of side-effect frequency, and then stated a preference from the three risk expression formats."	( Evaluating a combined (frequency and percentage) risk expression to communicate information on medicine side effects to patients. Gardner, P; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2013)	0.66
"The results showed that the three formats did not influence participants' ratings of the information or their side-effect estimates."	( Evaluating a combined (frequency and percentage) risk expression to communicate information on medicine side effects to patients. Gardner, P; Knapp, P; McMillan, B; Raynor, DK; Woolf, E, 2013)	0.39
" Physiopathologic mechanisms associated with these toxic effects are yet unclear and, besides discontinuation of the drug, when possible, there is no current validated treatment once visual loss is present."	( [Ocular toxicity of drugs]. Audo, I, 2013)	0.39
" We conducted a larger self-report evaluation of endocrine therapy discontinuation associated with patient characteristics and therapy-related adverse effects."	( Patient-reported discontinuation of endocrine therapy and related adverse effects among women with early-stage breast cancer. Aiello Bowles, EJ; Boudreau, DM; Buist, DS; Chestnut, J; Chubak, J; Fujii, M; Yu, O, 2012)	0.38
" Women reported adverse effects and reasons for discontinuation via mailed survey; tumor characteristics were obtained via registry linkage."	( Patient-reported discontinuation of endocrine therapy and related adverse effects among women with early-stage breast cancer. Aiello Bowles, EJ; Boudreau, DM; Buist, DS; Chestnut, J; Chubak, J; Fujii, M; Yu, O, 2012)	0.38
" Almost all women (94%) experienced adverse effects."	( Patient-reported discontinuation of endocrine therapy and related adverse effects among women with early-stage breast cancer. Aiello Bowles, EJ; Boudreau, DM; Buist, DS; Chestnut, J; Chubak, J; Fujii, M; Yu, O, 2012)	0.38
"Few individual adverse effects or patient characteristics were significantly associated with endocrine therapy discontinuation, yet adverse effects were prevalent and were the most common reason women reported for discontinuing therapy."	( Patient-reported discontinuation of endocrine therapy and related adverse effects among women with early-stage breast cancer. Aiello Bowles, EJ; Boudreau, DM; Buist, DS; Chestnut, J; Chubak, J; Fujii, M; Yu, O, 2012)	0.38
"Specific adverse events (AEs) associated with endocrine therapy and related to depletion or blocking of circulating estrogens may be related to treatment efficacy."	( Specific adverse events predict survival benefit in patients treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors: an international tamoxifen exemestane adjuvant multinational trial analysis. Bartlett, JM; Fontein, DB; Hadji, P; Hasenburg, A; Hille, ET; Hozumi, Y; Jones, SE; Kranenbarg, EM; Markopoulos, C; Nortier, JW; Paridaens, RJ; Putter, H; Rea, DW; Seynaeve, C; van de Velde, CJ; van de Water, W; Vannetzel, JM, 2013)	0.62
"It is increasingly apparent that treatment with a variety of anticancer agents often is associated with adverse neurological consequences."	( MEK1/2 inhibition suppresses tamoxifen toxicity on CNS glial progenitor cells. Chen, HY; Han, R; Noble, M; Yang, YM, 2013)	0.68
" Regarding serious adverse events (AEs), there are data indicating an increase in cardiovascular AEs and bone fractures but a lower incidence of thromboembolic phenomena and endometrial cancer with AIs vis-à-vis tamoxifen."	( Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: balancing benefit and toxicity from aromatase inhibitors. Ingle, JN, 2013)	0.58
"00001), treatment emergent adverse event, discontinuations due to adverse event, and serious adverse event indicated that ospemifene was generally safe."	( The efficacy and safety of ospemifene in treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cui, Y; Li, N; Yan, H; Zhang, Y; Zong, H, 2014)	0.4
"This meta-analysis indicates that ospemifene to be an effective and safe treatment for dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy."	( The efficacy and safety of ospemifene in treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cui, Y; Li, N; Yan, H; Zhang, Y; Zong, H, 2014)	0.4
" CYP2D6 genotypes and phenotypes were related to the occurrence of hot flashes as adverse event during the first year of tamoxifen use (primary aim) and the time to the occurrence of hot flashes as AE during the complete time on tamoxifen (secondary aim)."	( CYP2D6 genotype in relation to hot flashes as tamoxifen side effect in a Dutch cohort of the tamoxifen exemestane adjuvant multinational (TEAM) trial. Berns, EM; Dezentjé, VO; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Kranenbarg, EM; Nortier, JW; Putter, H; Seynaeve, C; Van de Velde, CJ; Van der Straaten, T; Van Schaik, RH; Vletter-Bogaartz, JM; Wessels, JA, 2014)	0.87
"Safety assessments included adverse events, laboratory studies, physical and gynecologic examination, vital signs, breast palpation, and mammography."	( Long-term safety of ospemifene (52-week extension) in the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Mabey, RG; Portman, D; Simon, J, 2014)	0.4
"Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during the extension study were mild or moderate in severity."	( Long-term safety of ospemifene (52-week extension) in the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Mabey, RG; Portman, D; Simon, J, 2014)	0.4
"Ospemifene is clinically safe and generally well tolerated in postmenopausal patients with dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA."	( Long-term safety of ospemifene (52-week extension) in the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Mabey, RG; Portman, D; Simon, J, 2014)	0.4
" However, tamoxifen produces adverse effects that could be due to its ability to induce cellular DNA damage."	( Comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in combination with Tualang honey in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells. Ismail, NF; Yaacob, NS, 2014)	1.05
"The findings indicate that TH could afford protection of non-cancerous cells from the toxic effects of tamoxifen by increasing the efficiency of DNA repair mechanism in these cells."	( Comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in combination with Tualang honey in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells. Ismail, NF; Yaacob, NS, 2014)	0.86
" The most commonly reported adverse events were 'reproductive system disorders' in the tamoxifen group (17."	( A prospective, randomized study on hepatotoxicity of anastrozole compared with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. Chen, D; Deng, Y; Feng, G; He, P; Hu, R; Huang, T; Li, E; Li, L; Li, Y; Liang, Z; Lin, Y; Liu, J; Lu, Y; Ma, R; Su, F; Sun, S; Tong, Z; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2014)	0.85
"These clinical trial data indicate that up to 52 weeks of treatment with oral ospemifene 60 mg/day was safe for the endometrium."	( Endometrial safety of ospemifene: results of the phase 2/3 clinical development program. Archer, DF; Constantine, GD; Goldstein, SR, 2015)	0.42
"Besides the well-known adverse effects on joints and bone and the vasomotor system, more neglected and latent toxicity like cognitive problems and vulvovaginal atrophy will be discussed."	( Safety of aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer. Lintermans, A; Neven, P, 2015)	0.42
"Placebo-controlled long-term studies carefully monitoring these adverse events, together with more extensive research in the etiologies, are warranted."	( Safety of aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer. Lintermans, A; Neven, P, 2015)	0.42
" A preliminary assessment of their acute aquatic toxicity at two trophic levels by means of quantitative structure-activity relationship models showed that the identified byproducts were up to 110-fold more toxic than the parent compounds."	( Transformation of tamoxifen and its major metabolites during water chlorination: Identification and in silico toxicity assessment of their disinfection byproducts. Barceló, D; López de Alda, M; Negreira, N; Regueiro, J, 2015)	0.75
" Whether such tamoxifen dose escalation is effective and safe in view of long-term toxic effects is uncertain and needs to be explored."	( CYP2D6 genotype- and endoxifen-guided tamoxifen dose escalation increases endoxifen serum concentrations without increasing side effects. Dezentjé, VO; Dieudonné, AS; Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Hartigh den, J; Maartense, E; Neven, P; Nortier, JW; Opdam, FL; Putter, H; Smorenburg, CH; Van de Velde, CJ; Van der Straaten, T; Vree, R, 2015)	1.05
" In a cellular model, tamoxifen resistance was associated with increased sensitivity towards toxic dicarbonyls and reduced free sulfhydryl group content."	( Oxidative stress and glyoxalase I activity mediate dicarbonyl toxicity in MCF-7 mamma carcinoma cells and a tamoxifen resistant derivative. Ignatov, A; Kalinski, T; Nass, N; Roessner, A; Sel, S, 2016)	0.96
" This systematic review of seven randomized controlled studies comparing TAM and AI, and one study comparing extended therapy with an AI with placebo after about 5 years of tamoxifen, aims to assess long-term clinical efficacy and adverse events."	( Aromatase inhibitors alone or sequentially combined with tamoxifen in postmenopausal early breast cancer compared with tamoxifen or placebo - Meta-analyses on efficacy and adverse events based on randomized clinical trials. Ahlgren, J; Heibert Arnlind, M; Höistad, M; Rydén, L; Vitols, S, 2016)	0.87
" We reviewed the adverse events (AEs) reported in studies of men prescribed tamoxifen for these conditions to better understand its side-effect profile."	( Tamoxifen in men: a review of adverse events. Hollis, N; Pollock, PA; Wassersug, RJ; Wibowo, E, 2016)	2.11
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Because many BCSs decide not take OET as recommended because of adverse effects, understanding BCSs' decisional supports and needs is foundational to supporting quality OET decision making about whether to adhere to OET."	( Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer. Carpenter, JS; Milata, JL; Otte, JL, )	0.13
"The aim of this study was to examine literature pertaining to OET nonadherence and adverse effects using the Ottawa Decision Support Framework categories of decisional supports and decisional needs because these factors potentially influence OET use."	( Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer. Carpenter, JS; Milata, JL; Otte, JL, )	0.13
"Findings identified the impact of adverse effects on OET nonadherence, an absence of decisional supports provided to or available for BCSs who are experiencing OET adverse effects, and the likelihood of unmet decisional needs related to OET."	( Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer. Carpenter, JS; Milata, JL; Otte, JL, )	0.13
" This review serves as a call to action for providers to provide support to BCSs experiencing OET adverse effects and facing decisions related to nonadherence."	( Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer. Carpenter, JS; Milata, JL; Otte, JL, )	0.13
"Findings suggest BCSs prescribed OET have unmet decisional needs, and more decisional supports are needed for BCSs experiencing OET adverse effects."	( Oral Endocrine Therapy Nonadherence, Adverse Effects, Decisional Support, and Decisional Needs in Women With Breast Cancer. Carpenter, JS; Milata, JL; Otte, JL, )	0.13
"This paper focuses primarily on adverse effects of aromatase inhibitors which can lead to non-compliance or to discontinuation of treatment."	( [Treatment with Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer and the Possibility of Influencing Side Effects]. Krásenská, M, 2016)	0.43
" On the other hand as aromatase inhibitors lack estrogenic activity, they are not associated with serious adverse events typical for tamoxifen, such as endometrial cancer and thromboembolic disease."	( [Treatment with Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer and the Possibility of Influencing Side Effects]. Krásenská, M, 2016)	0.64
" Safety information in a long-term safety trial was used to assess the potential changes in risk of adverse events with ospemifene-exposure increase."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and safety evaluation of pharmacokinetic alterations caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors . Kubota, R; Matsumoto, S; Wajima, T, 2017)	0.46
" The drug appears safe to use in renal impairment, moderate hepatic impairment, and when coadministered with ketoconazole."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and safety evaluation of pharmacokinetic alterations caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors . Kubota, R; Matsumoto, S; Wajima, T, 2017)	0.46
" The main outcome measures included disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and adverse events."	( A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of anastrozole versus tamoxifen for breast cancer. Pan, W; Sun, X; Tang, X; Wu, S; Yang, Y, 2017)	0.67
" It is widely used for treatment of breast cancer; however, analogous with many antineoplastic agents, tamoxifen is associated with numerous adverse effects, most prominently nausea."	( Mechanism of Off-Target Interactions and Toxicity of Tamoxifen and Its Metabolites. Alisaraie, L; Flynn, M; Heale, KA, 2017)	0.92
" Secondary outcomes were adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of endocrine monotherapy as first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer: A network meta-analysis. He, Y; Huang, Y; Wang, C; Wu, K; Zhang, J; Zheng, S, 2017)	0.46
" We directly compared adverse events and found that tamoxifen produced more hot flash events than fulvestrant 250 mg."	( Efficacy and safety of endocrine monotherapy as first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer: A network meta-analysis. He, Y; Huang, Y; Wang, C; Wu, K; Zhang, J; Zheng, S, 2017)	0.71
" We found that a single dose of tamoxifen less than 10% of the mean dose used for recombination induction, caused adverse effects to the testis and to the reproductive endocrine system that persisted long-term."	( Low-dose tamoxifen treatment in juvenile males has long-term adverse effects on the reproductive system: implications for inducible transgenics. Atanassova, N; Curley, MK; Darbey, AL; Gannon, AL; O'Hara, L; Patel, SH; Rebourcet, D; Sharpe, RM; Smith, LB; Smith, SE, 2017)	1.16
"We found 19 cases of serious adverse events possibly related to tamoxifen (thrombi, uterine malignancies)."	( Tamoxifen Pharmacovigilance: Implications for Safe Use in the Future. Antimisiaris, D; Bae, KG; Gully, Z; Morton, L, 2017)	2.14
"Some studies direct the important pharmacovigilance toward prevention of thrombi, uterine malignancies, and hypercalcemia; however, it is not easy to identify recommendations for frequency or focus of monitoring to prevent adverse events for individual older adults based on existing recommendations."	( Tamoxifen Pharmacovigilance: Implications for Safe Use in the Future. Antimisiaris, D; Bae, KG; Gully, Z; Morton, L, 2017)	1.9
"Post hoc analysis of safety data (treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs]) pooled from six phase 2 and 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled studies, evaluating the effects of ospemifene 60 mg on the breast, cardiovascular system, and bone in postmenopausal women."	( Overall Safety of Ospemifene in Postmenopausal Women from Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 and 3 Trials. Altomare, C; Cort, S; Jiang, W; Pinkerton, JV; Simon, JA, 2018)	0.48
" Most women discontinued treatment due to adverse events (AEs): hot flushes, muscle spasms, headache, and vaginal discharge."	( Overall Safety of Ospemifene in Postmenopausal Women from Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 and 3 Trials. Altomare, C; Cort, S; Jiang, W; Pinkerton, JV; Simon, JA, 2018)	0.48
"This study was designed to evaluate the effect of CYP2D6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms and co-medication on the outcomes and adverse events (AEs) of tamoxifen therapy."	( Impact of ABCB1 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms on tamoxifen treatment outcomes and adverse events in breast cancer patients. Argalacsova, S; Bakhouche, H; Pertuzelka, L; Slanar, O, )	0.59
"Antimalarial drugs including chloroquine, its less toxic quinolone-derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and quinacrine have become cornerstones in the treatment of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and Sjogren syndrome; cutaneous disorders, antiphospholipid syndrome, and have recently been employed at higher dioses in oncology."	( Hydroxychloroquine: balancing the need to maintain therapeutic levels with ocular safety: an update. Abdulaziz, N; McCune, WJ; Shah, AR, 2018)	0.48
"BCS and ET without RT seem to be a safe treatment option in women ≥ 65 years with early breast cancer and favorable histopathology."	( Omitting radiotherapy in women ≥ 65 years with low-risk early breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant endocrine therapy is safe. Ahlgren, J; Bjöhle, J; Blomqvist, C; Carlberg, M; Killander, F; Liljegren, G; Lindman, H; Villman, K; Wickberg, Å, 2018)	0.48
" Nevertheless, endocrine therapy is also linked with adverse effects that impact quality of life, social function, and adherence to treatment."	( Managing side effects in adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Condorelli, R; Vaz-Luis, I, 2018)	0.48
" Two groups of outcomes were selected: 1) side-effects, including hot flushes, urinary tract infection (UTI), headache, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular event (CVE), discontinuation due to side-effects, serious adverse event (SAE); 2) Safety, in relation to endometrial thickness, vaginal bleeding, breast tenderness, breast and endometrial cancer."	( Ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Part II: Evaluation of tolerability and safety. Benedetti Panici, P; D'oria, O; Di Donato, V; Iacobelli, V; Kontopantelis, E; Muzii, L; Schiavi, MC; Simoncini, T, 2019)	0.51
" Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and endometrial biopsies."	( Efficacy and safety of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe vaginal dryness: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Altomare, C; Archer, DF; Goldstein, SR; Schaffer, S; Simon, JA; Soulban, G; Sussman, SA; Waldbaum, AS; Yoshida, Y; Zhu, J, 2019)	0.51
"To clarify the profile of adverse events from endocrine therapies in older patients."	( Characteristics of adverse events of endocrine therapies among older patients with breast cancer. Akiyama, F; Honma, N; Horii, R; Iwase, T; Makita, M; Mikami, T; Ogata, H; Ohno, S; Saji, S, 2019)	0.51
"Among patients ≥ 70 years old, many symptoms were significantly more frequent/severe with AIs than with SERMs, compared with those aged 56-69, which suggests a difference in the profile of adverse events according to the type of endocrine therapy and the patient's age."	( Characteristics of adverse events of endocrine therapies among older patients with breast cancer. Akiyama, F; Honma, N; Horii, R; Iwase, T; Makita, M; Mikami, T; Ogata, H; Ohno, S; Saji, S, 2019)	0.51
"Taselisib combined with tamoxifen was generally well tolerated, with treatment-emergent adverse events as expected for this class of drugs, including diarrhea (13 patients, 43%), mucositis (10 patients, 33%), and hyperglycemia (8 patients, 27%)."	( POSEIDON Trial Phase 1b Results: Safety, Efficacy and Circulating Tumor DNA Response of the Beta Isoform-Sparing PI3K Inhibitor Taselisib (GDC-0032) Combined with Tamoxifen in Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Baird, RD; Beddowes, E; Beelen, K; Bernards, R; Caldas, C; Callari, M; Cortès, J; de Vries Schultink, A; Dougall, G; Gallagher, W; Gao, M; Garcia-Corbacho, J; Kumar, S; Linn, SC; Linossi, C; Mandjes, IAM; Nederlof, P; Oliveira, M; Perez-Garcia, JM; Platte, E; Rosing, H; Saura, C; Schot, M; Schrier, M; Vallier, AL; van Rossum, AGJ; van Tinteren, H; van Werkhoven, E, 2019)	1.02
" Endoxifen, which is toxic to aquatic animals, has been detected in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent."	( Photodegradation of (E)- and (Z)-Endoxifen in water by ultraviolet light: Efficiency, kinetics, by-products, and toxicity assessment. Delorme, A; Khan, E; Martin, MA; McEvoy, J; Sivaguru, J; Sonthiphand, P, 2020)	0.56
" While the efficacy is comparable with that of estrogenic treatments, ospemifene is not only well tolerated and safe but also reduces bone turnover in postmenopausal women, and available data indicate no safety concerns for breast tissue."	( Ospemifene efficacy and safety data in women with vulvovaginal atrophy. Pup, LD; Sánchez-Borrego, R, 2020)	0.56
" Lipid metabolism disorder was the most common adverse event (69."	( Safety and efficacy of sirolimus combined with endocrine therapy in patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and the exploration of biomarkers. Guan, X; Li, C; Li, H; Li, L; Liu, B; Ma, F; Qian, H; Rong, G; Sun, X; Wang, W; Xu, B; Yi, Z; Zhai, J, 2020)	0.56
" Differences in the toxicity profiles of these drugs are described; however, little is known about whether the risk of adverse events changes over time."	( Evolution in the risk of adverse events of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Amir, E; Desnoyers, A; Goldvaser, H; Moore, A; Reinhorn, D; Saleh, RR; Yerushalmi, R, 2020)	0.56
" Data on pre-specified adverse events were extracted including cardiovascular events, bone fractures, cerebrovascular disease, endometrial cancer, secondary malignancies excluding breast cancer, venous thrombosis and death without recurrence."	( Evolution in the risk of adverse events of adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Amir, E; Desnoyers, A; Goldvaser, H; Moore, A; Reinhorn, D; Saleh, RR; Yerushalmi, R, 2020)	0.56
" We also evaluated the power and sensitivity of the method for detecting toxic effects of drugs by conducting a set of experiments using known toxicants and other methods of screening for cytotoxic effects."	( Quantifying drug-induced structural toxicity in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs using a deep learning method. Dame, K; Grafton, F; Loewke, K; Maddah, M; Mandegar, MA; Ribeiro, AJS, 2020)	0.56
" Lifestyle changes and complementary therapies can be important tools for side effect management."	( How patients experience endocrine therapy for breast cancer: an online survey of side effects, adherence, and medical team support. Attai, DJ; Baker, JL; Berkowitz, JS; Berkowitz, MJ; DiNome, ML; Lee, MK; Streja, E; Thompson, CK; Wenziger, CM; Zibecchi, LT, 2021)	0.62
"Women randomised to tamoxifen in the IBIS-I trial and for whom side effect status was known at the 6-month follow-up visit were included in this analysis."	( Tamoxifen related side effects and their impact on breast cancer incidence: A retrospective analysis of the randomised IBIS-I trial. Cuzick, J; Dowsett, M; Hale, MJ; Howell, A; Sestak, I, 2020)	2.32
" Ospemifene therapy was however superior to laser and vaginal estrogen therapies in ameliorating sexual function, however, it presents a high risk of developing adverse events and endometrial hyperplasia."	( Efficacy and safety of current therapies for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A Bayesian network analysis of 29 randomized trials and 8311 patients. Chang, Y; Duan, H; Li, B; Wang, S, 2021)	0.62
" The incidence of bone-related adverse events was around 5% in both groups."	( A follow-up study of a randomized controlled study evaluating safety and efficacy of leuprorelin acetate every-3-month depot for 2 versus 3 or more years with tamoxifen for 5 years as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive Fujii, T; Kurebayashi, J; Matsumoto, H; Nomizu, T; Ohashi, Y; Ohtake, T; Okazaki, M; Shiba, E; Toyama, T, 2021)	0.82
"By reviewing the recent articles regarding the ocular side effect of tamoxifen when treating breast cancer and glioma, this article summarized the incidence and the potential mechanism of the side effects of tamoxifen, and the specific ocular toxicity including keratopathy, cataract, retinopathy, optic neuropathy."	( [Ocular toxicity induced by tamoxifen: an overview]. Ma, J; Wang, M; Zhong, Y, 2021)	1.15
" The adverse events induced by tamoxifen were assessed using both World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) causality categories and the Naranjo probability scale."	( Traditional Korean medicine treatment for tamoxifen associated adverse events of breast cancer patient: A CARE - Compliant case report. Jo, HG; Lee, D; Seo, J, 2021)	1.17
"This case report suggests that traditional Korean medicine interventions might have improved the adverse events of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients."	( Traditional Korean medicine treatment for tamoxifen associated adverse events of breast cancer patient: A CARE - Compliant case report. Jo, HG; Lee, D; Seo, J, 2021)	1.1
"Patients having Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are currently being treated with corticosteroids, which slow down disease progression at the expense of serious adverse effects."	( Safety and clinical outcome of tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Avrahami, R; Ben-Sasson, S; Dor, T; Eliav, O; Lavi, E; Simchovitz, E; Tsabari, R, 2021)	0.91
"Graphical displays and data visualization are essential components of statistical analysis that can lead to improved understanding of clinical trial adverse event (AE) data."	( Visualizing adverse events in clinical trials using correspondence analysis with R-package visae. Diniz, MA; Ganz, PA; Gresham, G; Henry, NL; Kim, S; Luu, M; Rogatko, A; Tighiouart, M; Yothers, G, 2021)	0.62
" We defined five levels of refinement for the analysis based on data derived from the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grades, domains, terms and their combinations."	( Visualizing adverse events in clinical trials using correspondence analysis with R-package visae. Diniz, MA; Ganz, PA; Gresham, G; Henry, NL; Kim, S; Luu, M; Rogatko, A; Tighiouart, M; Yothers, G, 2021)	0.62
" The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases (such as UniProt and Reactome), for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing cardiotoxicity."	( A case study of a patient-centered reverse translational systems-based approach to understand adverse event profiles in drug development. Jackson, DB; Kim, S; Lahu, G; Lesko, LJ; Soldatos, TG; Trame, MN; Vakilynejad, M, 2022)	0.72
"The overall response rate of the research group was statistically higher than that of the control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Prognosis of Sequential Therapy with Tamoxifen and Letrozole versus Letrozole Monotherapy for Breast Carcinoma. Lu, X; Qian, C, 2022)	0.96
"LTZ alone or in sequence with TAM is effective and safe for the treatment of BC, which can significantly improve the prognosis and blood lipid indices of BC patients."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Prognosis of Sequential Therapy with Tamoxifen and Letrozole versus Letrozole Monotherapy for Breast Carcinoma. Lu, X; Qian, C, 2022)	0.96
" Although much has been published on adverse events related to taxanes, data on ocular outcomes with these very important drugs are scant."	( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)	0.72
"To quantify the risk of 3 mutually exclusive ocular adverse events of epiphora, cystoid macular edema (CME), and optic neuropathy with taxane-based chemotherapy agents by undertaking a large pharmacoepidemiologic study."	( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)	0.72
" Ophthalmologists and oncologists should be aware of these adverse events in women with breast cancer who receive these drugs."	( Risk of Ocular Adverse Events With Taxane-Based Chemotherapy. Etminan, M; Maberley, D; Mikelberg, F; Sodhi, M; Yeung, SN, 2022)	0.72
"Tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity is an inevitable side effect during breast cancer treatment."	( Nrf2 and NF-қB interplay in tamoxifen-induced hepatic toxicity: A promising therapeutic approach of sildenafil and low-dose γ radiation. Galal, SM; Karam, HM; Lotfy, DM, 2023)	2.65
" These findings highlight the importance of fostering side effect awareness and applying appropriate interventions to assist with disease management throughout BC survivorship care."	( Treatment-related side effects among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white long-term breast cancer survivors by tamoxifen use and duration. Baumgartner, KB; Baumgartner, RN; Boone, SD; Connor, AE; Dibble, KE, 2023)	1.12
" All adverse events were of mild or moderate severity and distributed similarly among active and placebo groups."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and preliminary pharmacodynamic evaluation of DARE-VVA1: a soft gelatin capsule containing tamoxifen for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy. Friend, D; Hatheway, J; Hull, L; Mauck, C; Stuckey, B; Thurman, A; Zack, N, 2023)	1.12
"DARE-VVA1 is safe and results in minimal systemic exposure to tamoxifen."	( Pharmacokinetics, safety and preliminary pharmacodynamic evaluation of DARE-VVA1: a soft gelatin capsule containing tamoxifen for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy. Friend, D; Hatheway, J; Hull, L; Mauck, C; Stuckey, B; Thurman, A; Zack, N, 2023)	1.36
"Ospemifene is an efficacious, well-tolerated, and safe therapeutic option for postmenopausal women with moderate to severe symptoms of VVA."	( Efficacy, tolerability, and endometrial safety of ospemifene compared with current therapies for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis. Beauchemin, C; Black, D; Castonguay, A; Ferenczy, A; Marouf, R; Royer, C; Simon, JA, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamox ifen were determined in rats after an oral administration of 10 mg/kg. The presence of kaempferol did not alter the pharmacokinetic  parameters of a metabolite of tam Oxifen. A pharmacokinetics interaction has been established between letrozole and tamoxIfen.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" By deconvolution analysis, elderly men had a significant decrease in FSH secretory burst duration, and an increase in FSH half-life and FSH secretory burst amplitude compared with younger men."	( Modulation of immunoradiometric and bioactive follicle stimulating hormone secretion and clearance in young and elderly men during treatment with tamoxifen or flutamide. Dahl, KD; Lippert, MC; Urban, RJ; Veldhuis, JD, )	0.33
"A multicenter phase I pharmacokinetic study of a new triphenylethylene antiestrogen, toremifene, was examined in 70 patients with advanced breast cancer."	( Pharmacokinetics of toremifene and its metabolites in patients with advanced breast cancer. Benz, CC; Cadman, TB; DeGregorio, MW; Shemano, I; Wiebe, VJ, 1990)	0.28
" The half-life was found to be 5 days, and at three weeks following discontinuation of treatment concentrations greater than 24 ng/ml were detected."	( Phase I study of the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of toremifene in patients with cancer. DeGregorio, MW; Hamm, JT; Kohler, PC; Shemano, I; Tormey, DC; Wiebe, VJ, 1990)	0.28
" After three widely separated single doses, a reversible increase in elimination half-life occurred."	( Studies on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in normal volunteers. Adam, HK; Kemp, JV; Patterson, JS, )	0.38
" We conclude that 124I-labelled idoxifene combined with PET imaging would facilitate human in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of this new anticancer drug and provide an opportunity to investigate relationships between drug uptake and tumour response."	( Biodistribution and kinetics of radiolabelled pyrrolidino-4-iodo-tamoxifen: prospects for pharmacokinetic studies using PET. Carnochan, P; Eccles, S; Haynes, B; Ott, R; Potter, G; Trivedi, M; Young, H, 1994)	0.53
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of droloxifene in mice, rats, monkeys, premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Esumi, Y; Hata, T; Ninomiya, S; Sawamoto, T; Sekiguchi, M; Sugai, S; Tanaka, Y, )	0.13
" In addition, this study compiled pharmacokinetic parameters for the current 30 mg regimen in postmenopausal women, the target population of tamoxifen therapy."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tamoxifen in postmenopausal healthy women. Fuchs, WS; Gay, S; Leary, WP; van der Meer, MJ; von Nieciecki, A; Witschital, K, 1996)	0.76
" As to the dose escalation, pharmacokinetic studies were carried out at doses of 24, 48 and 96 mg in two volunteers, and 120 mg in one volunteer."	( Pharmacokinetics of panomifene in healthy volunteers at phase I/a study. Bojti, E; Csörgo, M; Drabant, S; Erdélyi-Tóth, V; Gyergyay, F; Klebovich, I; Kralovánszky, J; Pap, E; Számel, I, 1997)	0.3
"To determine whether tamoxifen plasma concentrations capable of blocking P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in vitro can be safely achieved in dogs and whether doxorubicin pharmacokinetic alterations occur when tamoxifen is coadministered."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic analysis of high-dose tamoxifen and chemotherapy in normal and tumor-bearing dogs. Case, BC; Fine, RL; Frazier, D; Page, RL; Trogdon, ML; Tyczkowska, K; Waddle, JR, 1999)	0.88
"This study examined whether the addition of tamoxifen to the treatment regimen of patients with advanced breast cancer being treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole led to any pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction."	( Impact of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics and endocrine effects of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Dowsett, M; Gundacker, H; Houston, SJ; Johnston, SR; Miles, DW; Pfister, C; Sioufi, A; Smith, IE; Verbeek, JA, 1999)	0.97
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of VP-16, such as area under curve (AUC), free AUC and protein binding, were determined from drug plasma concentrations at 1 and 4 h after VP-16 administration on the first day (day -1) and at the end of the chemotherapy cycle (day -21) for VP-16 alone and VP-16+TAM, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between etoposide and tamoxifen in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Aita, P; Bearz, A; Boiocchi, M; Colussi, AM; Corona, G; Sartor, F; Sorio, R; Toffoli, G, 1999)	0.56
" Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed."	( Pharmacokinetics of (deaminohydroxy)toremifene in humans: a new, selective estrogen-receptor modulator. DeGregorio, MW; Erkkola, RU; Halonen, KH; Huupponen, RK; Taras, TL; Wurz, GT, 2000)	0.31
" Patients included in the pharmacokinetic (PK) sub-protocol had been in ATAC for > or =3 months, taking their medication in the morning and were 100% compliant for the preceding 14 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of anastrozole and tamoxifen alone, and in combination, during adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a sub-protocol of the 'Arimidex and tamoxifen alone or in combination' (ATAC) trial. Cuzick, J; Dowsett, M; Howell, A; Jackson, I, 2001)	0.59
" A pharmacokinetic interaction has been established between letrozole and tamoxifen, whereby reduced circulating levels of letrozole are found with combined application."	( Comparative clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetic interactions of aromatase inhibitors. Boeddinghaus, IM; Dowsett, M, 2001)	0.54
" Treatment started 2 to 3 weeks before surgery and blood was taken at various times up to 12 weeks after fulvestrant administration to assess pharmacokinetic variables."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fulvestrant prolonged-release intramuscular injection in postmenopausal women awaiting surgery for primary breast cancer. Harrison, MP; Holcombe, C; Kohlhardt, SR; Odling-Smee, W; Robertson, JF, 2003)	0.32
"A total of 200 patients entered the trial, of whom 58 took part in the pharmacokinetic analysis (50 mg, n = 20; 125 mg, n = 16; 250 mg, n = 22)."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fulvestrant prolonged-release intramuscular injection in postmenopausal women awaiting surgery for primary breast cancer. Harrison, MP; Holcombe, C; Kohlhardt, SR; Odling-Smee, W; Robertson, JF, 2003)	0.32
" Tipifarnib pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables were similar in the presence and absence of tamoxifen."	( A phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer. Balis, FM; Chow, C; Clark, G; Eng-Wong, J; Gantz, SB; Jayaprakash, N; Lebowitz, PF; Venzon, D; Widemann, BC; Zujewski, J, 2005)	0.76
"The simultaneous curve fitting of plasma data with urine and bile data with the help of the related pharmacokinetic equations provided the calculated parameters and constants."	( Investigation of the influence of modulation of P-glycoprotein by a multiple dosing regimen of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of doxorubicin. Boroujerdi, M; Darvari, R, 2005)	0.55
" Pharmacokinetic and safety assessments were conducted throughout the trial."	( A phase I study to determine the effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of a single 250 mg oral dose of gefitinib (IRESSA) in healthy male volunteers. Bailey, CJ; Cantarini, MV; Macpherson, MP; Marshall, AL; Robinson, AV, 2005)	0.59
" The presence of tamoxifen did not have a clinically significant effect on the primary variables AUC and Cmax of gefitinib, nor on the secondary variables AUC(0-t), tmax, t1/2, and lambdaz."	( A phase I study to determine the effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of a single 250 mg oral dose of gefitinib (IRESSA) in healthy male volunteers. Bailey, CJ; Cantarini, MV; Macpherson, MP; Marshall, AL; Robinson, AV, 2005)	0.93
" Clinical trials combining tamoxifen with letrozole or anastrazole have shown minor pharmacokinetic drug interactions."	( Effect of exemestane on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer. Cleary, JF; Havighurst, TC; Hutson, PR; Love, RR; Rogers, E, 2005)	0.93
" Blood was collected for pharmacokinetic analysis after at least 4 months of receiving 20 mg tamoxifen daily."	( Effect of exemestane on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer. Cleary, JF; Havighurst, TC; Hutson, PR; Love, RR; Rogers, E, 2005)	0.85
"There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and exemestane."	( Effect of exemestane on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer. Cleary, JF; Havighurst, TC; Hutson, PR; Love, RR; Rogers, E, 2005)	0.89
" The TC-loaded TSSLN was administered to the rats intravenously and the pharmacokinetic parameters in the plasma were determined."	( Tamoxifen citrate loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): preparation, characterization, in vitro drug release, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Bakshi, N; Murthy, RS; Reddy, LH; Vivek, K, 2006)	1.78
" Co-administration of letrozole and TAM orally increased the absorption half-life of letrozole threefold although the absolute bioavailability remained unchanged."	( The effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of letrozole in female rats. Brodie, AM; Nnane, IP; Tao, X, 2006)	0.69
" The presence of kaempferol did not alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of a metabolite of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen."	( Effects of oral kaempferol on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and one of its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, after oral administration of tamoxifen to rats. Choi, JS; Piao, Y; Shin, SC, 2008)	0.81
" The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and ondansetron in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and ondansetron in rats: non-competitive (hepatic) and competitive (intestinal) inhibition of tamoxifen metabolism by ondansetron via CYP2D subfamily and 3A1/2. Lee, MG; Suh, JH; Yang, SH, 2010)	0.86
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were determined in rats after oral (10 mg/kg) and intravenous (2 mg/kg) administration of tamoxifen in the presence and absence of myricetin (0."	( Effects of myricetin, an anticancer compound, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Choi, JS; Kim, J; Li, C; Lim, SC, 2011)	0.87
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were determined in rats after an oral administration of tamoxifen (10 mg/kg) to rats in the presence and absence of baicalein (0."	( Effects of baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats: possible role of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by baicalein. Choi, H; Choi, J; Kim, M; Li, C, 2011)	0.91
" This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions between ondansetron and tamoxifen after intravenous and oral administration of ondansetron (both 8 mg/kg) and/or tamoxifen (2 and 10 mg/kg for intravenous and oral administration, respectively), in rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammarian tumors (DMBA rats), used as an animal model of human breast cancer."	( Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between ondansetron and tamoxifen in female Sprague-Dawley rats with DMBA-induced mammary tumor. Kim, SH; Lee, MG; Suh, JH; Yang, SH, 2013)	0.85
"The clinical pharmacokinetic findings and in vitro data suggest that CYP3A4 is important for ospemifene metabolism, but other CYP isoforms and metabolic pathways also contribute."	( Effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors and inducers on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ospemifene. Lammintausta, R; Lehtinen, T; Pelkonen, O; Scheinin, M; Tolonen, A; Turpeinen, M; Uusitalo, J; Vuorinen, J, 2013)	0.39
" Three single-dose, open-label, parallel-group pharmacokinetic studies examined the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene in postmenopausal women with (1) mild hepatic impairment (n = 7), (2) moderate hepatic impairment (n = 8), and (3) severe renal impairment (n = 8) compared with a similar number of matched healthy controls."	( The effect of renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, a tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist. Graham, S; Marbury, TC; Preston, RA; Wajima, T, )	0.13
"Population pharmacokinetic models were developed for dextromethorphan, tamoxifen and their metabolites."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling to assess the impact of CYP2D6 and CYP3A metabolic phenotypes on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and endoxifen. Beijnen, JH; Binkhorst, L; de Bruijn, P; de Graan, AJ; Huitema, AD; Mathijssen, RH; ter Heine, R, 2014)	0.84
"This phase I study assessed the pharmacokinetic (PK), tolerability, safety and preliminary clinical activity of tamoxifen (T) and lapatinib (L) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC)."	( A phase I pharmacokinetics study of lapatinib and tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer (EORTC 10053 Lapatam study). Awada, A; Bogaerts, J; Brain, E; Cardoso, F; Fumoleau, P; Hayward, L; Koch, KM; Lokiec, F; Marréaud, S; Rezai, K; Werutsky, G, 2014)	0.87
" Period 1, day 1, subjects were administered tamoxifen 40 mg followed by 23 days of blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analyses."	( Open-label, 2-period sequential drug interaction study to evaluate the effect of a 100-mg dose of desvenlafaxine on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen when coadministered in healthy postmenopausal female subjects. Braley, G; Liang, Y; Lubaczewski, S; Matschke, K; Nichols, AI; Ramey, T, 2014)	0.86
" Therapeutic drug monitoring is a valid tool to determine the pharmacokinetic of a drug and individualized drug therapy, adjusting patient's dose requirement through the measurement and interpretation of drug concentrations."	( [Clinical application, limits and perspectives of pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic analysis of anticancer drugs]. Chantry, AS; Ciccolini, J; Lacarelle, B; Quaranta, S, )	0.13
" For each CYP enzyme, the influence of polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcome measures is described throughout this review."	( Effects of Pharmacogenetics on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tamoxifen. Beijnen, JH; de Vries Schultink, AH; Huitema, AD; Linn, SC; Zwart, W, 2015)	0.65
" In conclusion, our results describe important molecular events that occur during combination breast cancer therapies and might modulate pharmacokinetic DOX resistance and/or behaviour."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions of breast cancer chemotherapeutics with human doxorubicin reductases. Havrankova, J; Hofman, J; Skarka, A; Wsol, V, 2015)	0.42
"The anti-estrogen tamoxifen is characterized by a large variability in response, partly due to pharmacokinetic differences."	( Circadian variation in tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in mice and breast cancer patients. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Jager, A; Kloth, JSL; Koch, BCP; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RHJ; van Alphen, RJ; van der Horst, GTJ; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RHN; Wiemer, EAC, 2015)	1.06
" The compounds were designed with the objective of improving pharmacokinetic properties."	( Second-Generation Phenylthiazole Antibiotics with Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Properties. Abdelghany, TM; Bayoumi, SA; Disouky, AM; El-Morsy, A; Elshafeey, A; Mancy, AS; Mayhoub, AS; Mohammad, H; Seleem, MA; Seleem, MN, 2016)	0.43
" The efficacy was evaluated by in vitro MTT studies, safety by erythrocyte compatibility, and biodistribution by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies."	( Chitosan-Stearic Acid Based Polymeric Micelles for the Effective Delivery of Tamoxifen: Cytotoxic and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation. Bhushan, S; Dadarwal, M; Guru, SK; Katare, OP; Kumar, P; Raza, K; Sharma, G; Thotakura, N, 2017)	0.68
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to assess factors influencing ospemifene pharmacokinetics and to assess safety for pharmacokinetic alteration observed in drug development."	( Population pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and safety evaluation of pharmacokinetic alterations caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors . Kubota, R; Matsumoto, S; Wajima, T, 2017)	0.46
" Interestingly, pharmacokinetic outcomes of the conjugate were superior and the area under the curve was enhanced by approximately three-times, whereas the drug clearance was reduced by around five-times, after single intravenous injection."	( Glycinated fullerenes for tamoxifen intracellular delivery with improved anticancer activity and pharmacokinetics. Katare, OP; Kumar, M; Kumar, R; Misra, C; Raza, K; Sharma, G; Singh, B, 2017)	0.76
"The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was established by integrating a four compartments pharmacokinetics model and a pharmacodynamic model, the first one include central compartment and peripheral compartment both of which contain tamoxifen and endoxifen."	( A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Tamoxifen and Endoxifen to Predict Their Distribution and Effects on Inhibition of Tumor Growth. Chen, Y; Liao, J; Sun, Q; Yuan, S, 2017)	0.9
" The parameters of the pharmacodynamic model, which characterized the tumor growth, revealed the patterns of tamoxifen's anti-tumor functions."	( A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Tamoxifen and Endoxifen to Predict Their Distribution and Effects on Inhibition of Tumor Growth. Chen, Y; Liao, J; Sun, Q; Yuan, S, 2017)	0.93
" This work describes the optimization of the pharmacokinetic properties of a previously published family of triazine lead compounds."	( Optimization of the pharmacokinetic properties of potent anti-trypanosomal triazine derivatives. Augustyns, K; Baán, A; Caljon, G; Kiekens, F; Maes, L; Matheeussen, A; Salado, IG; Van der Veken, P; Verdeyen, T, 2018)	0.48
" This phase I study assessed the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of olaparib combined with tamoxifen, anastrozole or letrozole in patients with advanced solid tumours."	( Pharmacokinetic Effects and Safety of Olaparib Administered with Endocrine Therapy: A Phase I Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumours. Bailey, C; Birkett, J; De Grève, J; De Vos, FYFL; Dean, E; Dirix, L; Goessl, C; Grundtvig-Sørensen, P; Italiano, A; Jerusalem, G; Learoyd, M; Leunen, K; Molife, LR; Plummer, R; Rolfo, C; Rottey, S; Spencer, S; Spicer, J; Verheul, HM, 2018)	0.7
" The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed to investigate the influence of different triazoles on tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in this paper."	( Predicting the Effects of Different Triazole Antifungal Agents on the Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen. Chen, L; Li, M; Li, N; Qi, F; Wang, N; Zhu, L, 2019)	0.94
" We developed a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for tamoxifen and six metabolites to determine clinically relevant factors of ENDO exposure."	( Model-Based Quantification of Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms and Co-Medications on Pharmacokinetics of Tamoxifen and Six Metabolites in Breast Cancer. Arellano, C; Bernard-Marty, C; Boyer, JC; Chatelut, E; Dalenc, F; Debled, M; Delmas, C; Dohollou, N; Evrard, A; Filleron, T; Jacot, W; Laharie-Mineur, H; Le Morvan, V; Puszkiel, A; Robert, J; Roché, H; Thomas, F; Vachoux, C; Venat-Bouvet, L; White-Koning, M, 2021)	1.08
"The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model for Z-endoxifen in patients with advanced solid tumors and to identify clinical variables that influence pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Z-Endoxifen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. Adjei, AA; Ames, MM; Buhrow, SA; Covey, JM; Goetz, MP; Koubek, EJ; Larson, TR; McGovern, RM; Ralya, AT; Reid, JM; Takebe, N, 2022)	0.72
" Our aim is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (POP-PK) model incorporating a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale to support model informed precision dosing (MIPD) of tamoxifen to determine the optimal tamoxifen starting dose."	( Toward model-informed precision dosing for tamoxifen: A population-pharmacokinetic model with a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale. Agema, BC; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koch, BCP; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mürdter, TE; Sassen, SDT; Schwab, M; van Schaik, RHN, 2023)	1.37

Compound-Compound Interactions

Tamoxifen (TMX) combined with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can significantly improve sperm concentration, motility and morphology in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A comparative study of 5'-DFUR 600 mg/day alone (C-arm) or in combination with TAM 30 mg/day (A-arm) or MPA 600 mg/day (B-arm) was carried out."	( [A comparative study with 5'-DFUR alone or in combination with tamoxifen (TAM) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for advanced or recurrent breast cancer]. Aikawa, T; Hirai, T; Kotsuma, Y; Maeura, Y; Miyauchi, K; Takatsuka, Y; Yayoi, E, 1992)	0.52
"The effect of Lonidamine (LND) alone or combined with the antiestrogen Tamoxifen (TAM) or Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on cell proliferation and steroid hormone receptor content of a human estrogen sensitive breast cancer cell line was investigated."	( Antitumor effect of lonidamine alone or combined with tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone acetate in breast cancer cells. Angelucći, C; Della Cuna, GR; Iacopino, F; Lama, G; Marchetti, P; Sica, G, )	0.61
" Synergistic activities were produced with TAM combined with either cisplatin or doxorubicin."	( The effects of estrogen, progesterone, and tamoxifen alone and in combination with cytotoxic agents against human ovarian carcinoma in vitro. Berens, ME; Duckett, Y; Geisinger, KR; Kute, TE; Morgan, TM; Welander, CE, 1990)	0.54
" The majority of patients with this subtype t-AML had prior cytotoxic therapy with topoisomerase II-reactive drugs including anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, or actinomycin D, combined with either an alkylating agent or cisplatin."	( Implication of prior treatment with drug combinations including inhibitors of topoisomerase II in therapy-related monocytic leukemia with a 9;11 translocation. Albain, KS; Le Beau, MM; Schumacher, H; Ullirsch, R, 1990)	0.28
" The radiation therapy was given with high-voltage techniques and included the chest wall and regional nodes."	( Randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen combined with postoperative radiation therapy or adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal breast cancer. Askergren, J; Cedermark, B; Glas, U; Johansson, H; Rotstein, S; Rutqvist, LE; Skoog, L; Somell, A; Theve, T; Wilking, N, 1990)	0.57
"Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C were monitored in 14 women during post-menopausal replacement therapy with oestrogen alone and in combination with a specific antioestrogen."	( Growth hormone and somatomedin C during post-menopausal replacement therapy with oestrogen alone and in combination with an antioestrogen. Fröhlander, N; von Schoultz, B, 1988)	0.27
" Our results indicate that HHNs are hormone-dependent and that malignant transformation can be inhibited by tamoxifen alone or in combination with estradiol-17 beta."	( Tamoxifen alone or in combination with estradiol-17 beta inhibits the growth and malignant transformation of hepatic hyperplastic nodules. Farber, E; Ho, R; Mishkin, S; Mishkin, SY; Mulay, S, 1985)	1.92
" Our results indicated that HHNs are hormone-dependent and that malignant transformation can be inhibited by tamoxifen alone or in combination with estradiol-17 beta."	( Tamoxifen alone or in combination with estradiol-17 beta inhibits the growth and malignant transformation of hepatic hyperplastic nodules. Farber, E; Ho, R; Mishkin, S; Mishkin, SY; Mulay, S, 1985)	1.92
" After addition and in combination with tamoxifen this LHRH-agonist treatment caused an objective response in about half (8/17) of the patients."	( Long-term LHRH-agonist treatment in metastatic breast cancer as a single treatment and in combination with other additive endocrine treatments. Klijn, JG, 1984)	0.54
" for 7 days) in combination with a fixed dose of DNR (50 mg/m2 intravenously on days 5, 6 and 7) in patients with advanced leukemia to determine whether this combination could be given safely and whether plasma levels of 10 microM, the effective in vitro MDR modulator concentration, could be achieved."	( Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen as a modulator of drug resistance in combination with daunorubicin in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. Berman, E; Lin, S; McBride, M; Menedez-Botet, C; Tong, W, 1995)	0.59
" Based on our previous experience with sequential cisplatin-interleukin-2 (IL2)-interferon (IFN), we performed a phase II study of TAM combined with our original CDDP-IL2-IFN regimen in 22 pretreated metastatic melanoma patients."	( A phase II study of tamoxifen combined with cisplatin-interleukin 2 and alpha-interferon in metastatic melanoma. Antoine, EC; Auclerc, G; Benhammouda, A; Borel, C; Franks, C; Ghironzi, GC; Mularoni, E; Rixe, O; Soubrane, C; Vuillemin, E, 1995)	0.61
"A total of 39 patients with breast cancer of stages I and II received breast-conservation treatment (BCT) combined with tamoxifen and systemic chemotherapy (CAF) from August 1989 to March 1993."	( Early experiences of breast-conservation treatment combined with tamoxifen and CAF chemotherapy for breast cancer of stages I and II. Araki, K; Hamada, N; Inomata, T; Kumon, M; Nishioka, A; Ogawa, Y; Ogoshi, S; Tanaka, Y; Terashima, M; Yoshida, S, )	0.58
" For suppression of carcinogenesis in vivo, 9cRA was much more potent than all-trans-retinoic acid, both as a single agent or in combination with TAM, although both retinoids had equivalent inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in cultured human breast cancer cell lines."	( Prevention of breast cancer in the rat with 9-cis-retinoic acid as a single agent and in combination with tamoxifen. Anzano, MA; Brown, CC; Byers, SW; Mullen, LT; Peer, CW; Roberts, AB; Smith, JM; Sporn, MB, 1994)	0.5
"The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) of epirubicin and ADR-529 given in combination with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and tamoxifen."	( The cardioprotector ADR-529 and high-dose epirubicin given in combination with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and tamoxifen: a phase I study in metastatic breast cancer. Bastholt, L; Gjedde, SB; Jakobsen, P; Mirza, MR; Mouridsen, HT; Rose, C; Sørensen, B, 1994)	0.69
"The effects of RU 486 combined with tamoxifen and tamoxifen alone on hormonal parameters and endometrial development at the time of implantation were studied."	( Effect of tamoxifen alone and in combination with RU 486 on the endometrium in the mid-luteal phase. Bygdeman, M; Cekan, S; Johannisson, E; Seppälä, M; Swahn, ML, 1993)	0.96
" In this study, we investigated the effect of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate in combination with the LH-RH agonist buserelin in 9 patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma."	( Tamoxifen or cyproterone acetate in combination with buserelin are ineffective in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Arnold, R; Havemann, K; Swarovsky, B; Wolf, M, )	1.81
"In a prospective and randomized study comprising 540 primary endometrial carcinoma patients the influence of adjuvant hormone therapy by Oxyprogesterone caproate (OPC) and by its combination with Tamoxifen on the corrected survival rates after surgical and combined (surgical and irradiation) therapy was investigated."	( Favourable influence of adjuvant hormone therapy by oxyprogesterone caproate (OPC) and by its combination with tamoxifen on 5-year survival rate of surgical and combined treatment of primary endometrial carcinoma patients. Loutfi, G; Vishnevsky, AS, 1993)	0.69
" If treatment with DPPE was begun from the day after tumor inoculation, the inhibitory effect of DPPE was further enhanced, especially when combined with CDDP."	( Growth-inhibitory effects of N,N-diethyl-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)phenoxy]-ethanamine-HCl combined with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer cells inoculated into nude mice. Hiramatsu, H; Kikuchi, Y; Kita, T; Kudoh, K; Nagata, I; Tode, T, 1997)	0.3
"One hundred thirty-five eligible postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma were randomized to TAM (10 mg twice daily) alone or combined with octreotide 150 microg (administered subcutaneously thrice daily)."	( A randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with octreotide in the treatment of women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Conover, CA; Dalton, RJ; Hartmann, LC; Ingle, JN; Kardinal, CG; Krook, JE; Loprinzi, CL; Mailliard, JA; Pollak, MN; Suman, VJ; Veeder, MH, 1999)	0.62
"The toxicity of DFMO in combination with TAM was evaluated in female Beagle dogs following 13 weeks of daily oral administration by capsule."	( Thirteen-week oral toxicity study of difluoromethylornithine in combination with tamoxifen citrate in female dogs. Brown, AP; Crowell, JA; Levine, BS; Morrissey, RL, 1999)	0.53
"The toxicity of DFMO in combination with TAM was evaluated in female rats following 13 weeks of daily administration by gavage."	( Difluoromethylornithine in combination with tamoxifen in female rats: 13-week oral toxicity study. Brown, AP; Crowell, JA; Levine, BS; Morrissey, RL, 1999)	0.56
"The reversal effects of quinine (Quin) in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA), dipyridamole (DPM) or tamoxifen (Tam), respectively on the drug resistance of K562/HHT were studied by MTT, flow cytometry and median-effect principle."	( [Synergistic reversal effect of quinine in combination with modulators on multidrug resistant cell line K562/HHT]. Bian, S; Feng, M; Luo, M, 1998)	0.52
" Quin combined with CsA increased intracellular DNR accumulation significantly as compared with either of them alone."	( [Synergistic reversal effect of quinine in combination with modulators on multidrug resistant cell line K562/HHT]. Bian, S; Feng, M; Luo, M, 1998)	0.3
" Hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy for breast cancer may produce a remarkable effect as in the present case, and may become one choice for medical treatment of locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer."	( [A case of locally advanced breast cancer treated with hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy]. Kawasaki, K; Kishibuchi, M; Nishi, T; Nishide, T; Ostapenko, V; Yagyu, T; Yamasaki, M; Yayoi, E, 2001)	0.31
"To compare the effects of one year treatment of estrogen and tamoxifen, either alone or combined with fluoride on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats."	( [One year observation on effects of estrogen, tamoxifen combined with or without fluoride on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats]. Liu, H; Liu, J; Peng, H, 2002)	0.81
" Further studies should be conducted to determine whether tamoxifen combined with mifepristone for emergency contraception is more effective as compared with mifepristone alone."	( A randomized comparative study on mifepristone alone and in combination with tamoxifen for emergency contraception. Bingshun, W; Changhai, H; Ersheng, G; Exiang, Z; Jie, Y; Mauck, C; Youlun, G, 2002)	0.79
"We conducted a phase I study of high-dose oral tamoxifen in combination with intravenous cisplatin, with two objectives: 1) to determine tolerability, and 2) to determine the daily tamoxifen dose required to achieve serum levels equivalent to in vitro concentrations reported to enhance cisplatin cytotoxicity in preclinical models."	( Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin in patients with lung cancer and other advanced malignancies. DeGregorio, M; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lauder, IJ; O'Donnell, R; Perez, EA, 2003)	0.87
" Classic dose-limiting toxicity was not observed; the trial was closed to further accrual after documentation that targeted tamoxifen levels (around 5 microM) were achieved with daily tamoxifen doses > or = 160 mg/m2 in combination with cisplatin."	( Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin in patients with lung cancer and other advanced malignancies. DeGregorio, M; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lauder, IJ; O'Donnell, R; Perez, EA, 2003)	0.82
"This regimen of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin can be safely administered."	( Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin in patients with lung cancer and other advanced malignancies. DeGregorio, M; Edelman, MJ; Gandara, DR; Lauder, IJ; O'Donnell, R; Perez, EA, 2003)	0.92
"In this phase I/II clinical trial the antitumor activity of high-dose tamoxifen when administered in combination with vinblastine was assessed and the toxicity profile of this combination characterized."	( A phase I/II study of high-dose tamoxifen in combination with vinblastine in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. Brawley, O; Dahut, W; Davis, P; Duray, P; Figg, WD; Hamilton, M; Kohler, D; Lakhani, N; Liewehr, DJ; Reed, E; Steinberg, SM; Wells-Jones, T, 2003)	0.84
"To evaluate the effect of tamoxifen (TAM) combined with a somatostatin analogue, octretide (OCT) on advanced liver cancer and whether tamoxifen combined with OCT is superior to regular chemotherapeutic agents 5-Fu and mitomycin C (MMC)."	( Tamoxifen combined with octreotide or regular chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of primary liver cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Chen, JW; Huo, YC; Pan, DY; Qiao, JG; Shi, HA; Zhou, YK, 2003)	2.06
"To study the correlation of the reversal effect of tetrandrine (Tet) in combination with droloxifene (DRL) on multidrug resistant cell line K562/A02 and induction apoptosis, the apoptosis of K562 cells and K562/A02 cells after the treatment of Tet and DRL alone or their combination was detected by flow cytometry (FCM)."	( [Reversal effect of tetrandrine in combination with droloxifene on cell line K562/A02 and its correlation with inducted apoptosis]. Chen, BA; Cheng, J; Dong, Y; Gao, F; Sheng, M; Wang, T; Zhang, P; Zhou, Y, 2004)	0.32
"To observe the effect of Tetrandrine (tet) combined with Droloxifen (DRL) on the expression of bcr/abl mRNA and P(210) BCR/ABL protein of K562 cell line, after K562 cells were cultured in the medium containing Tet (1 micromol/L), DRL (5 micromol/L) separately or in their combination for some time, the changes of bcr/abl mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively."	( [Effect of tetrandrine combined with Droloxifen on the expression of bcr/abl of K562 at both mRNA and protein levels]. Chen, BA; Cheng, J; Gao, F; Qian, XJ, 2005)	0.33
"The Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined With Tamoxifen (IMPACT) trial was designed to test the hypothesis that the clinical and/or biologic effects of neoadjuvant tamoxifen compared with anastrozole and with the combination of tamoxifen and anastrozole before surgery in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER) -positive, invasive, nonmetastatic breast cancer might predict for outcome in the Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) adjuvant therapy trial."	( Neoadjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer with anastrozole, tamoxifen, or both in combination: the Immediate Preoperative Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, or Combined with Tamoxifen (IMPACT) multicenter double-blind randomized trial. Ashley, SE; Blohmer, JU; Boeddinghaus, I; Dixon, JM; Dowsett, M; Ebbs, SR; Francis, S; Skene, A; Smith, IE; Walsh, G, 2005)	0.83
"The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism to reverse the drug resistance of leukemia cells in tetrandrine (Tet) alone or in combination with droloxifen (Drol) by using protein chips and to lay the theoretical basis for the clinical applications."	( [Using protein chips to study mechanism underlying reversion of drug resistance in leukemia cells in tetrandrine alone or in combination with droloxifene]. Chen, BA; Cheng, J; Du, J; Gao, F; Lu, ZH; Zhang, CX, 2005)	0.33
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen (TAM) when used in combination with cisplatin on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)."	( The role of tamoxifen in combination with cisplatin on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Kim, MJ; Kim, YK; Lee, JH; Myoung, H; Yun, PY, 2007)	0.96
"Postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer that was known to be estrogen receptor (ER) positive were randomized to treatment with Tam (20 mg per day orally for 5 years) alone or combined with Flu (10 mg orally twice per day for 1 year)."	( Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with fluoxymesterone as adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with resected estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial 89-30-52. Donohue, JH; Goetz, MP; Ingle, JN; Krook, JE; Kugler, JW; Mailliard, JA; Michalak, JC; Perez, EA; Pisansky, TM; Suman, VJ; Wold, LE, 2006)	0.66
" This study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of tamoxifen combined with celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on 7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats."	( [Chemopreventive effect of tamoxifen combined with celecoxib on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats]. Dai, ZJ; Kang, HF; Liu, XX; Wang, XJ; Xue, FJ; Xue, XH, 2006)	0.88
" Our objective was to determine the effects of liarozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen on the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, as well as on the uterus in ovariectomized immature rats."	( Effects of liarozole fumarate (R85246) in combination with tamoxifen on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinoma and uterus in the rat model. Goss, PE; Hu, H; Qi, S; Strasser-Weippl, K, 2007)	0.81
" In combination with tamoxifen, liarozole had neither an additive nor an antagonistic effect."	( Effects of liarozole fumarate (R85246) in combination with tamoxifen on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinoma and uterus in the rat model. Goss, PE; Hu, H; Qi, S; Strasser-Weippl, K, 2007)	0.9
"Liarozole's antitumor effects on ER positive mammary tumors and its protective effect on the uterus merit further studies to confirm its clinical value in combination with tamoxifen in ER positive postmenopausal breast cancer."	( Effects of liarozole fumarate (R85246) in combination with tamoxifen on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinoma and uterus in the rat model. Goss, PE; Hu, H; Qi, S; Strasser-Weippl, K, 2007)	0.78
" This study determined whether the effect of FS, alone or in combination with TAM, is dose dependent, and it explored the potential mechanism of action."	( Flaxseed alone or in combination with tamoxifen inhibits MCF-7 breast tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice with high circulating levels of estrogen. Chen, J; Cheng, A; Mann, J; Power, KA; Thompson, LU, 2007)	0.61
" We therefore investigated the efficacy of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) R115777 (tipifarnib) in combination with tamoxifen in MCF-7 human breast cancer models both in vitro and in vivo."	( The farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 (tipifarnib) in combination with tamoxifen acts synergistically to inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. Detre, S; Dowsett, M; Head, JE; Howes, A; Johnston, SR; Kaye, S; Martin, LA; Pancholi, S; Quinn, E; Salter, J, 2007)	0.78
" The results demonstrate that tamoxifen at realistic doses (75 mug kg(-1)) can suppress the growth of ER-negative breast cancer when combined with EGCG."	( A new role for tamoxifen in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer when it is combined with epigallocatechin gallate. Menzies, AR; Rosengren, RJ; Scandlyn, MJ; Somers-Edgar, TJ; Stuart, EC, 2008)	0.99
"To study the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) in combination with droloxifen (DRL) on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in K562 and K562/A02 cell lines and its reversal mechanism."	( [Effect of tetrandrine in combination with droloxifen on the expression of NF-kappaB protein in K562 and K562/A02 cell lines]. Chen, BA; Chen, NN; Cheng, HY; Cheng, J; Ding, JH; Gao, C; Gao, F; Huang, CY; Shen, HL; Su, AL; Sun, XC; Sun, YY; Wang, J; Xu, WL; Zhao, G; Zhao, HH, 2008)	0.35
" Rats bearing DMBA- or NMU-induced mammary tumors were treated with ON or MEG either alone or in combination with TAM for four weeks."	( Potentiation of the antitumor effect of tamoxifen by combination with the antiprogestin onapristone. Hirtreiter, C; Ishibashi, K; Nishino, T; Nishino, Y, 2009)	0.62
" Tegafur and Uracil (UFT) have been widely used for the postoperative chemotherapy of breast cancer, and often combined with hormonal agents."	( [Safety and compliance with UFT (tegafur and uracil) alone and in combination with hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer]. Noguchi, S; Taguchi, T, 2009)	0.35
"The effects of retinoids combined with trastuzumab or tamoxifen were examined in two human breast cancer cell lines in culture, BT474 and SKBR3."	( Anti-tumor effects of retinoids combined with trastuzumab or tamoxifen in breast cancer cells: induction of apoptosis by retinoid/trastuzumab combinations. DiGiovanna, MP; Harris, LN; Koay, DC; Narayan, M; Zerillo, C, 2010)	0.85
" BT474 and HER2-overexpressing/ER-negative SKBR3 cells were treated with a panel of retinoids (atRA, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (fenretinide) (4-HPR)) combined with trastuzumab."	( Anti-tumor effects of retinoids combined with trastuzumab or tamoxifen in breast cancer cells: induction of apoptosis by retinoid/trastuzumab combinations. DiGiovanna, MP; Harris, LN; Koay, DC; Narayan, M; Zerillo, C, 2010)	0.6
"We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial to test the effectiveness of adjuvant tocotrienol therapy in combination with tamoxifen for five years in women with early breast cancer."	( Effectiveness of tocotrienol-rich fraction combined with tamoxifen in the management of women with early breast cancer: a pilot clinical trial. Abdul Razak, G; Gomez, PA; Nesaretnam, K; Selvaduray, KR; Veerasenan, SD, 2010)	0.81
" Interestingly, TAM affected all tested cell lines, irrespective of their ER-a status, and in combination with ROSC it enhanced G1 or G2 arrest."	( Effect of anti-estrogen combined with roscovitine, a selective CDK inhibitor, on human breast cancer cells differing in expression of ER. Maurer, M; Wesierska-Gadek, J; Zulehner, N, 2011)	0.37
" Due to the potential for drug-drug interactions, the ability of toremifene and its primary circulating metabolite N-desmethyltoremifene (NDMT) to inhibit nine human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was determined using human liver microsomes."	( Drug interaction potential of toremifene and N-desmethyltoremifene with multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms. Dalton, JT; Johanning, KM; Kim, J; Peraire, C; Solà, J; Veverka, KA, 2011)	0.37
"To investigate the effects of tamoxifen (TMX) combined with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on idiopathic oligoasthenospermia."	( [Tamoxifen combined with coenzyme Q10 for idiopathic oligoasthenospermia]. Liu, RZ; Tang, KF; Wang, XY; Wu, CY; Xing, JP; Xing, Y, 2011)	1.57
"Tamoxifen combined with CoQ10 can significantly improve sperm concentration, motility and morphology in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenospermia."	( [Tamoxifen combined with coenzyme Q10 for idiopathic oligoasthenospermia]. Liu, RZ; Tang, KF; Wang, XY; Wu, CY; Xing, JP; Xing, Y, 2011)	2.72
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
" This analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen in patients with mBC resistant to aromatase inhibitors (AIs)."	( Randomized phase II trial of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer with prior exposure to aromatase inhibitors: a GINECO study. Abadie-Lacourtoisie, S; Allouache, D; Bachelot, T; Bourgier, C; Cropet, C; Debled, M; El Kouri, C; Eymard, JC; Ferrero, JM; Freyer, G; Legouffe, E; Pujade-Lauraine, E; Ray-Coquard, I; Spaëth, D, 2012)	0.85
" We developed a mouse model for ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis and evaluated the effect of RANKL inhibition on tumor-induced osteolysis and skeletal tumor growth both alone and in combination with tamoxifen."	( RANKL inhibition combined with tamoxifen treatment increases anti-tumor efficacy and prevents tumor-induced bone destruction in an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer bone metastasis model. Branstetter, DG; Bryant, R; Canon, J; Dougall, WC; Roudier, M, 2012)	0.85
"BC cell lines expressing aromatase (AROM) and modeling endocrine-sensitive (MCF7-AROM1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-dependent de novo resistant disease (BT474-AROM3) and long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) MCF7 cells that had acquired resistance associated with HER2 overexpression were treated in vitro and as subcutaneous xenografts with everolimus (RAD001-mTORC1 inhibitor), in combination with tamoxifen or letrozole."	( Effectiveness and molecular interactions of the clinically active mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus in combination with tamoxifen or letrozole in vitro and in vivo. A'Hern, R; Dowsett, M; Evans, DB; Farmer, I; Ghazoui, Z; Guest, S; Johnston, SR; Lane, HA; Martin, LA; Pancholi, S; Ribas, R; Thornhill, AM; Weigel, MT, 2012)	0.75
"To study the demethylation effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on ERα-negative human breast cancer MDA-MB-435s cells and its possible mechanisms, and to observe its treatment efficacy in combination with tamoxifen (TAM) after ERα re-expression."	( [Arsenic trioxide restores ERα expression in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells and its treatment efficacy in combination with tamoxifen in xenografts in nude mice]. Fan, QX; Wang, F; Wang, LX; Wang, R; Wu, XA; Xu, DF; Zhang, WJ, 2012)	0.77
"MTT assay was used to examine the inhibitory effect of As2O3 treatment alone or in combination with TAM on cell proliferation."	( [Arsenic trioxide restores ERα expression in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells and its treatment efficacy in combination with tamoxifen in xenografts in nude mice]. Fan, QX; Wang, F; Wang, LX; Wang, R; Wu, XA; Xu, DF; Zhang, WJ, 2012)	0.58
"The level of proliferation of the MDA-MB-435s cells was significantly suppressed after treatment with different concentration of As2O3 alone or As2O3 combined with TAM, and the 4 µmol/L As2O3 + TAM treatment for 72 h showed the highest inhibition rate (62."	( [Arsenic trioxide restores ERα expression in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells and its treatment efficacy in combination with tamoxifen in xenografts in nude mice]. Fan, QX; Wang, F; Wang, LX; Wang, R; Wu, XA; Xu, DF; Zhang, WJ, 2012)	0.58
" As2O3 combined with TAM may provide a new therapeutic approach for patients with ERα-negative breast cancer in the clinic."	( [Arsenic trioxide restores ERα expression in ERα-negative human breast cancer cells and its treatment efficacy in combination with tamoxifen in xenografts in nude mice]. Fan, QX; Wang, F; Wang, LX; Wang, R; Wu, XA; Xu, DF; Zhang, WJ, 2012)	0.58
"Leukemia, breast and cervical cancer cell lines were exposed to D3CLP-alone or in combination with imatinib, tamoxifen or cisplatin, respectively."	( Synergistic anticancer activity of Thiazolo[5,4-b]quinoline derivative D3CLP in combination with cisplatin in human cervical cancer cells. Cerbón, MA; Coronel-Cruz, C; González-Sánchez, I; Lira-Rocha, A; Loza-Mejía, MA; Mendoza-Rodríguez, CA; Navarrete, A, 2012)	0.59
"Antiproliferative activity results indicate that D3CLP in combination with antineoplastic drugs induced a synergistic effect, at 3:1 and 1:1 ratios for D3CLP plus imatinib in K-562 leukemia cells, and at a 3:1 ratio for D3CLP with cisplatin in HeLa cells, as determined by their combination index."	( Synergistic anticancer activity of Thiazolo[5,4-b]quinoline derivative D3CLP in combination with cisplatin in human cervical cancer cells. Cerbón, MA; Coronel-Cruz, C; González-Sánchez, I; Lira-Rocha, A; Loza-Mejía, MA; Mendoza-Rodríguez, CA; Navarrete, A, 2012)	0.38
" This work evaluated the effects of RA alone and in combination with the antiestrogen endoxifen (EDX) on liver mitochondria."	( Effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on the permeability transition and bioenergetic functions of rat liver mitochondria in combination with endoxifen. Custódio, JB; Ribeiro, MP; Santos, AE; Santos, MS, 2013)	0.39
"RA-induced hepatotoxicity may be related with induction of MPT and alterations in bioenergetic parameters; the combination with EDX, which reduces mitochondrial dysfunction and synergistically potentiates the anticancer activity, may provide a safer therapeutic strategy."	( Effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on the permeability transition and bioenergetic functions of rat liver mitochondria in combination with endoxifen. Custódio, JB; Ribeiro, MP; Santos, AE; Santos, MS, 2013)	0.39
"The role of aromatase inhibitors combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog in metastatic male breast cancer patients remains unknown."	( Letrozole combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog for metastatic male breast cancer. Barba, M; Del Medico, P; Di Lauro, L; Giannarelli, D; Laudadio, L; Maugeri-Saccà, M; Pizzuti, L; Sergi, D; Tomao, S; Vici, P, 2013)	0.39
" Drugs were selected based not only on the knowledge that the 6-hydroxylation of exogenous melatonin, its principal pathway of metabolism, is mainly mediated by hepatic CYP1A2, but also on the likelihood of the drug being concurrently administered with melatonin."	( Potential drug interactions with melatonin. Ioannides, C; Papagiannidou, E; Skene, DJ, 2014)	0.4
" During period 2, subjects received desvenlafaxine 100 mg/d for 28 days; a single dose of tamoxifen 40 mg was administered with desvenlafaxine 100 mg on day 7, followed by 23 days of blood sampling."	( Open-label, 2-period sequential drug interaction study to evaluate the effect of a 100-mg dose of desvenlafaxine on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen when coadministered in healthy postmenopausal female subjects. Braley, G; Liang, Y; Lubaczewski, S; Matschke, K; Nichols, AI; Ramey, T, 2014)	0.83
" While the drug-drug interaction potential between flavonoids and co-ingested drugs still remain an issue, opportunities exist for the combination of flavonoids with suitable anti-cancer drugs to enhance the bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs and thereby reduce the dose size of the anti-cancer drugs and improve its therapeutic index."	( Recent trends in preclinical drug-drug interaction studies of flavonoids--Review of case studies, issues and perspectives. Srinivas, NR, 2015)	0.42
"Considering the ability of SCS to also promote the activity of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, we further examined the effect of SCS in modulating cell cycle progression and related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells alone and in combination with tamoxifen."	( Cell Cycle Modulation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by a Sub- Fraction of Strobilanthes crispus and its Combination with Tamoxifen. Nik Mohamed Kamal, NN; Norazmi, MN; Wong, KK; Yaacob, NS, 2015)	0.85
" In combination with tamoxifen, the anticancer effects involved downregulation of ERα protein in MCF-7 cells but appeared independent of an ER-mediated mechanism in MDA-MB-231 cells."	( Cell Cycle Modulation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by a Sub- Fraction of Strobilanthes crispus and its Combination with Tamoxifen. Nik Mohamed Kamal, NN; Norazmi, MN; Wong, KK; Yaacob, NS, 2015)	0.95
"Although radiotherapy and tamoxifen have been extensively used to treat estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancers, it is still questionable when tamoxifen should be started to maximize clinical benefits in combination with radiotherapy."	( Determination of the optimal time for tamoxifen treatment in combination with radiotherapy. Baek, J; Jang, H; Kim, S; Nam, KS, 2016)	1.01
" Antidepressants (ADs), which are often coprescribed to patients receiving tamoxifen, are also metabolized by CYP2D6 and evidence suggests that a drug-drug interaction between these agents adversely affects the outcome of tamoxifen therapy by inhibiting endoxifen formation."	( Application of Mice Humanized for CYP2D6 to the Study of Tamoxifen Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interaction with Antidepressants. Henderson, CJ; MacLeod, AK; McLaughlin, LA; Wolf, CR, 2017)	0.93
"To determine the impact on antitumor activity when active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in combination with anticancer hormonal agents in orthotopic mouse models of human estrogen receptor positive breast cancer and evaluate impact of AHCC on aromatase activity."	( Evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Combination With Anticancer Hormones in Orthotopic Breast Cancer Models. Gaikwad, A; Gonzalez, A; Mathew, L; Nugent, EK; Smith, JA, 2017)	0.46
"We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial evaluating the appropriate treatment duration of leuprorelin acetate 3-month depot, TAP-144-SR (3M), administered postsurgically every 3 months for 2 years versus 3 or more (up to 5) years, in combination with tamoxifen, for 5 years in premenopausal endocrine-responsive breast cancer patients and reported similar survival benefit in the two treatment groups."	( Comparison of quality of life between 2-year and 3-or-more-year administration of leuprorelin acetate every-3-months depot in combination with tamoxifen as adjuvant endocrine treatment in premenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive breast cancer: a r Fujimoto, T; Iwase, H; Kurebayashi, J; Noguchi, S; Ohashi, Y; Shiba, E; Yamashita, H; Yoshida, M, 2018)	0.86
"Improved activity was observed with UPF or FVF in combination with tamoxifen in both the MCF-7 and ZR-75D breast cancer mouse models."	( Evaluation Fucoidan Extracts From Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus in Combination With Anticancer Drugs in Human Cancer Orthotopic Mouse Models. Burney, M; Gaikwad, A; Gonzalez, AO; Mathew, L; Nugent, EK; Smith, JA, 2018)	0.72
"This study did confirm that UPF/FVF in combination with tamoxifen did not decrease tamoxifen activity in both breast and ovarian cancer, with some potential to improve activity compared to tamoxifen alone in breast cancers."	( Evaluation Fucoidan Extracts From Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus in Combination With Anticancer Drugs in Human Cancer Orthotopic Mouse Models. Burney, M; Gaikwad, A; Gonzalez, AO; Mathew, L; Nugent, EK; Smith, JA, 2018)	0.73
" The present work determines if AE-PG alone or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, has antidepressant-like effects."	( Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Alone or in Combination with Citalopram Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in an Animal Model of Menopause: Participation of Estrogen Receptors. Estrada-Camarena, E; García-Viguera, C; González-Trujano, ME; López-Rubalcava, C; Valdés-Sustaita, B, 2017)	0.46
" In addition to drug-drug interactions (DDI) involving CYP2D6, there is growing evidence that enzyme inducers can substantially alter the disposition of endoxifen, reducing tamoxifen efficacy."	( The Underrated Risks of Tamoxifen Drug Interactions. Hansten, PD, 2018)	0.98
"To investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) combined with tamoxifen citrate (TC) in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia."	( [Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid combined with tamoxifen citrate in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia]. Chang, XL; Li, JD; Li, W; Teng, ZH; Wang, YX; Yang, SW; Zhang, H; Zhang, YP, 2017)	0.95
"Alpha-lipoic acid combined with tamoxifen citrate can evidently improve semen parameters in oligoasthenospermia patients by relieving oxidative stress injury."	( [Efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid combined with tamoxifen citrate in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia]. Chang, XL; Li, JD; Li, W; Teng, ZH; Wang, YX; Yang, SW; Zhang, H; Zhang, YP, 2017)	1
"To explore the feasibility, safety and clinical effect of mid-frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with oral tamoxifen (TAM) in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia."	( [Mid-frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with tamoxifen for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia]. Li, H; Li, T; Tan, Y; Wang, WR; Xie, S; Xie, ZP, 2017)	0.89
"Mid-frequency TEAS combined with tamoxifen can significantly improve semen quality and increase sex hormone levels in patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia."	( [Mid-frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with tamoxifen for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia]. Li, H; Li, T; Tan, Y; Wang, WR; Xie, S; Xie, ZP, 2017)	0.97
"The PARP inhibitor olaparib is efficacious as monotherapy and has potential application in combination with endocrine therapy for the treatment of breast cancer."	( Pharmacokinetic Effects and Safety of Olaparib Administered with Endocrine Therapy: A Phase I Study in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumours. Bailey, C; Birkett, J; De Grève, J; De Vos, FYFL; Dean, E; Dirix, L; Goessl, C; Grundtvig-Sørensen, P; Italiano, A; Jerusalem, G; Learoyd, M; Leunen, K; Molife, LR; Plummer, R; Rolfo, C; Rottey, S; Spencer, S; Spicer, J; Verheul, HM, 2018)	0.48
"The in vitro results suggest that mistletoe preparations can be used in combination with tamoxifen without the risk of HDIs."	( Absence of herb-drug interactions of mistletoe with the tamoxifen metabolite (E/Z)-endoxifen and cytochrome P450 3A4/5 and 2D6 in vitro. Baumgartner, S; Hamburger, M; Kunz, M; Oufir, M; Regueiro, U; Urech, K; Wang, JT; Weissenstein, U, 2019)	0.98
" Therefore, this study attempted to demonstrate the in vitro anti-cancer activity of high-dose vitamin C in combination with conventional treatment in breast cancer."	( Effect of High-dose Vitamin C Combined With Anti-cancer Treatment on Breast Cancer Cells. Chae, YS; Jeong, JH; Jung, JH; Lee, DH; Lee, IH; Lee, J; Lee, SJ; Park, HY, 2019)	0.51
"30 patients with ER-positive, metastatic breast cancer who had failed prior endocrine therapy were treated with escalating doses of taselisib (2 or 4 mg in an intermittent or continuous schedule) combined with tamoxifen 20 mg once daily in this phase 1b study using a "rolling six" design."	( POSEIDON Trial Phase 1b Results: Safety, Efficacy and Circulating Tumor DNA Response of the Beta Isoform-Sparing PI3K Inhibitor Taselisib (GDC-0032) Combined with Tamoxifen in Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Baird, RD; Beddowes, E; Beelen, K; Bernards, R; Caldas, C; Callari, M; Cortès, J; de Vries Schultink, A; Dougall, G; Gallagher, W; Gao, M; Garcia-Corbacho, J; Kumar, S; Linn, SC; Linossi, C; Mandjes, IAM; Nederlof, P; Oliveira, M; Perez-Garcia, JM; Platte, E; Rosing, H; Saura, C; Schot, M; Schrier, M; Vallier, AL; van Rossum, AGJ; van Tinteren, H; van Werkhoven, E, 2019)	0.9
"Taselisib combined with tamoxifen was generally well tolerated, with treatment-emergent adverse events as expected for this class of drugs, including diarrhea (13 patients, 43%), mucositis (10 patients, 33%), and hyperglycemia (8 patients, 27%)."	( POSEIDON Trial Phase 1b Results: Safety, Efficacy and Circulating Tumor DNA Response of the Beta Isoform-Sparing PI3K Inhibitor Taselisib (GDC-0032) Combined with Tamoxifen in Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Baird, RD; Beddowes, E; Beelen, K; Bernards, R; Caldas, C; Callari, M; Cortès, J; de Vries Schultink, A; Dougall, G; Gallagher, W; Gao, M; Garcia-Corbacho, J; Kumar, S; Linn, SC; Linossi, C; Mandjes, IAM; Nederlof, P; Oliveira, M; Perez-Garcia, JM; Platte, E; Rosing, H; Saura, C; Schot, M; Schrier, M; Vallier, AL; van Rossum, AGJ; van Tinteren, H; van Werkhoven, E, 2019)	1.02
"Taselisib can be safely combined with tamoxifen at the recommended phase 2 dose of 4 mg given once daily on a continuous schedule."	( POSEIDON Trial Phase 1b Results: Safety, Efficacy and Circulating Tumor DNA Response of the Beta Isoform-Sparing PI3K Inhibitor Taselisib (GDC-0032) Combined with Tamoxifen in Hormone Receptor Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Baird, RD; Beddowes, E; Beelen, K; Bernards, R; Caldas, C; Callari, M; Cortès, J; de Vries Schultink, A; Dougall, G; Gallagher, W; Gao, M; Garcia-Corbacho, J; Kumar, S; Linn, SC; Linossi, C; Mandjes, IAM; Nederlof, P; Oliveira, M; Perez-Garcia, JM; Platte, E; Rosing, H; Saura, C; Schot, M; Schrier, M; Vallier, AL; van Rossum, AGJ; van Tinteren, H; van Werkhoven, E, 2019)	0.98
" Therefore we investigated whether there is a drug-drug interaction between tamoxifen and SRIs resulting in a prolonged QTc-interval."	( The Risk of QTc-Interval Prolongation in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Tamoxifen in Combination with Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Berger, FA; Binkhorst, L; de Groot, NMS; Hussaarts, KGAM; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mathijssen-van Stein, D; Oomen-de Hoop, E; van Alphen, RJ; van Gelder, T; van Leeuwen, RWF, 2019)	0.97
" Proliferation of MCF-7, a breast cancer cell line, was investigated after treatment with Lactobacillus Brevis supernatant (LBS) solely, and in combination with Tamoxifen."	( Synergistic Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Local Probiotic Lactobacillus Brevis Isolated from Regional Dairy Products in Combination with Tamoxifen. Akbari, N; Mirfazli, SS; Montazeri, H; Nasiri, Z; Tarighi, P, 2021)	1.02
" The RP2D of alpelisib and buparlisib in combination with tamoxifen and goserelin were 350 mg and 100 mg, respectively."	( A Phase Ib Study of Alpelisib or Buparlisib Combined with Tamoxifen Plus Goserelin in Premenopausal Women with HR-Positive HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer. Chang, YC; Chao, TY; Chen, SC; Chitapanarux, I; Gao, M; Jung, KH; Kim, JH; Lee, KS; Liu, CT; Lu, YS; Park, YH; Shotelersuk, K; Slader, C; Sohn, J; Tseng, LM; Valenti, R; Yang, Y, 2021)	1.11
"To explore the efficacy and safety of everolimus combined with endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative advanced breast cancer."	( Efficacy of everolimus combined with endocrine therapy in HR-positive/HER-2-negativeadvanced breast cancer. Chen, C; Kong, F; Lu, J; Shan, H; Song, X; Wang, L; Yuan, H, )	0.13
" Of them, 54 patients were treated with everolimus combined with endocrine drugs (Everolimus group), while the other 54 patients underwent endocrine monotherapy (Control group)."	( Efficacy of everolimus combined with endocrine therapy in HR-positive/HER-2-negativeadvanced breast cancer. Chen, C; Kong, F; Lu, J; Shan, H; Song, X; Wang, L; Yuan, H, )	0.13
"Everolimus combined with endocrine therapy has significant clinical efficacy in patients with HR-positive/HER-2-negative advanced breast cancer, and can effectively improve the survival of patients with tolerable adverse reactions."	( Efficacy of everolimus combined with endocrine therapy in HR-positive/HER-2-negativeadvanced breast cancer. Chen, C; Kong, F; Lu, J; Shan, H; Song, X; Wang, L; Yuan, H, )	0.13
" Our study is aimed at exploring the interactive antitumour effects of celastrol combined with tamoxifen and the potential underlying anticancer mechanisms in MCF-7 cells."	( The Synergistic Effects of Celastrol in combination with Tamoxifen on Apoptosis and Autophagy in MCF-7 Cells. Liu, C; Shu, Y; Tang, L; Wang, L; Yao, C, 2021)	1.09
" Participants received standard care - amphotericin combined with fluconazole for the first 2 weeks - or standard care plus tamoxifen 300 mg/day."	( An open label randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis. Beardsley, J; Binh, TQ; Chau, NVV; Day, JN; Geskus, R; Hope, W; Hung, LQ; Kestelyn, E; Krysan, D; Lalloo, DG; Lan, NPH; Mai, NTH; Ngan, NTT; Phu, NH; Tai, LTH; Thanh Hoang Le, N; Thwaites, GE; Trieu, PH; Tung, NLN; Van Anh, D; Van, NTT; Vi Vi, NN; White, NJ, 2021)	1.09
"nextMONARCH is an open-label, controlled, randomized, Phase 2 study of abemaciclib alone or in combination with tamoxifen in women with endocrine-refractory HR + , HER2- MBC previously treated with chemotherapy."	( nextMONARCH Phase 2 randomized clinical trial: overall survival analysis of abemaciclib monotherapy or in combination with tamoxifen in patients with endocrine-refractory HR + , HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Chen, SC; Chen, Y; Cortes, J; Hamilton, E; Hegg, R; Huober, J; Jerusalem, G; Manikhas, A; Martin, M; Ozyilkan, O; Petrakova, K; Zhang, W, 2022)	1.14
"To examine whether potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor were associated with adherence to ET in patients with early and advanced breast cancer."	( Association of Adherence to Endocrine Therapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions. André, F; Bardet, A; Bougacha, O; Delaloge, S; Gantzer, L; Lekens, B; Michiels, S; Pistilli, B; Rassy, E, 2022)	0.96
" Our data are favorable to ERβ1 being a marker of responsiveness and ERβ2 being a marker of resistance of MCF7 cells to antiestrogens alone and in combination with ATRA."	( ERβ1 Sensitizes and ERβ2 Desensitizes ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Cells to the Inhibitory Effects of Tamoxifen, Fulvestrant and Their Combination with All-Trans Retinoic Acid. Alexis, MN; Chatziioannou, A; Ganou, V; Gkotsi, EF; Meligova, AK; Mitsiou, DJ; Papadodima, O; Pilalis, E; Siakouli, D; Stasinopoulou, S; Xenopoulou, DS; Zoumpouli, M, 2023)	1.13
" The 3-drug combination targets ERα in combination with PI3Kα and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21)."	( Network-informed discovery of multidrug combinations for ERα+/HER2-/PI3Kα-mutant breast cancer. Bhattacharya, K; Hany, D; Nowak-Sliwinska, P; Picard, D; Zoetemelk, M, 2023)	0.91
"To investigate the effects of two protocols (hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alone or in combination with tamoxifen) on the endometrium and pregnancy outcome of patients with thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles."	( Hormone replacement therapy alone or in combination with tamoxifen in women with thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A retrospective study. Huang, C; Kong, N; Li, Y; Liu, J; Lu, F; Mei, J; Shen, X; Shi, Q; Sun, H; Sun, Y; Yan, G, 2023)	1.37
"Although tamoxifen when used in combination with hormone replacement therapy can significantly increase endometrial thickness, it may not have a role in improving the pregnancy outcomes of patients with thin endometrium undergoing FET cycles."	( Hormone replacement therapy alone or in combination with tamoxifen in women with thin endometrium undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer: A retrospective study. Huang, C; Kong, N; Li, Y; Liu, J; Lu, F; Mei, J; Shen, X; Shi, Q; Sun, H; Sun, Y; Yan, G, 2023)	1.57

Bioavailability

Tamoxifen (TAM) is frequently prescribed for the management breast cancer, but is associated with the challenges like compromised aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. The present study aimed to develop a surface-modified biocompatible nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) system using polyoxyethylene (40) stearate.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The data suggest that estrone sulfate can play an important role on the bioavailability of E2 in hormone-dependent breast cancer, and that understanding the control of estrone sulfatase activity can open new knowledge of the estrogen responses and new possibilities of therapeutic application in breast cancer."	( Estrone sulfatase activity and effect of antiestrogens on transformation of estrone sulfate in hormone-dependent vs. independent human breast cancer cell lines. Nguyen, BL; Pasqualini, JR, 1991)	0.28
" The enhancement was not due to increased bioavailability because cellular uptake of [3H]tamoxifen was not increased and the lipoprotein fraction of serum had negligible [3H]tamoxifen-binding capacity."	( Cytostatic effect of antiestrogens in lymphoid cells: relationship to high affinity antiestrogen-binding sites and cholesterol. Kon, OL; Ng, ML; Sim, KY; Tang, BL; Teo, CC, 1989)	0.5
"The bioavailability of tamoxifen from 40 mg suppositories was tested in six male volunteers and compared with that of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) tablets."	( Comparison of bioavailability in man of tamoxifen after oral and rectal administration. Blankenstein, MA; Nortier, JW; Tukker, JJ, 1986)	0.85
"The bioavailability of two tamoxifen preparations (Tamoplex and Nolvadex) was compared in a multiple dose two-way cross-over design in twelve breast cancer patients."	( The bioavailability of Tamoplex (tamoxifen). Part 3. A steady-state study in breast cancer patients. Chapman, D; De Vos, D; Slee, PH; Stevenson, D, 1988)	0.85
" Finally, new perspectives are opened on combined anti-estrogen + progestogen treatment of all gynaecological malignancies, with special regard to the cytosol steroid receptor concentrations and to the bioavailability of progestogens and anti-estrogens."	( The endometrial adenocarcinoma as a model for hormone-dependency and hormone-responsiveness of gynaecological cancers. Bonte, J, 1984)	0.27
" The bioavailability was 8% in mice, 18% in rats and 11% in monkeys due to extensive first-pass metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics of droloxifene in mice, rats, monkeys, premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Esumi, Y; Hata, T; Ninomiya, S; Sawamoto, T; Sekiguchi, M; Sugai, S; Tanaka, Y, )	0.13
" The present data suggest that estrogen sulfates can play an important biological role in the target tissues of the fetus, and that the enzymatic mechanisms of the bioavailability of E2 for the biological responses of the hormone can be operated in the target tissue itself."	( Transformation of estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulfate in uterine and vaginal isolated cells of fetal guinea pig. Effect of various antiestrogens in the conversion of estrone sulfate to estradiol. Chetrite, G; Pasqualini, JR; Urabe, M, 1993)	0.29
" Our findings suggest that the intestine is neither a metabolic nor an absorptive barrier to the bioavailability of droloxifene in the female Sprague-Dawley rat and that first-pass hepatic extraction is approximately 70-80% following an oral dose of 1 mg/kg."	( First-pass metabolism and biliary recirculation of droloxifene in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. Nickerson, DF; Tess, DA; Toler, SM, 1997)	0.3
" Our findings suggest that hepatic first-pass metabolism may have been saturated following intraperitoneal drug administration due to the rapid rate of absorption and the corresponding high drug concentrations achieved."	( Intraperitoneal and intraportal administration of droloxifene to the Sprague-Dawley rat: assessing the first-pass effect. Nickerson, DF; Toler, SM, 1997)	0.3
" A fall in FT4 and FT3 combined with increase in TSH suggests a reduced bioavailability of T4 and T3 during tamoxifen treatment."	( Thyroid function in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Aakvaag, A; Anker, GB; Lien, EA; Lønning, PE, 1998)	0.75
"The extrapolated area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity) for any drug is considered by operating guidelines as the primary parameter related to the extent of absorption in single-dose bioavailability and bioequivalence trials."	( Experimental, extrapolated and truncated areas under the concentration-time curve in bioequivalence trials. Marzo, A; Monti, NC; Vuksic, D, 1999)	0.3
" This occurs with most extended-release formulations, endogenous substances, and poorly absorbed drugs."	( Experimental, extrapolated and truncated areas under the concentration-time curve in bioequivalence trials. Marzo, A; Monti, NC; Vuksic, D, 1999)	0.3
"It has been suggested that estrogen receptor-independent high-affinity binding sites for antiestrogens could limit their local bioavailability and response."	( Microsomal epoxide hydrolase expression as a predictor of tamoxifen response in primary breast cancer: a retrospective exploratory study with long-term follow-up. Eichelbaum, M; Fritz, P; Mürdter, TE; Siegle, I; Weissert, M; Zanger, UM, 2001)	0.55
" Products from assorted makers bioavailability problems has been associated to the incomplete dissolution of the tablets."	( In vitro dissolution test of tamoxifen citrate preparations. Braga, RM; Carvalho, RD; De Albuquerque, MM; De Santana, DP; Fonseca, SG; Strattmann, R, )	0.42
" Single oral doses of a solution formulation of (14)C-droloxifene citrate (141 mg) appeared to be rapidly and well absorbed in four post-menopausal female subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the anti-oestrogen droloxifene in female human subjects. Baldock, GA; Brodie, RR; Chasseaud, LF; Jank, P; John, BA; McBurney, A; Von Nieciecki, A, 2002)	0.31
"Sulfation of 4-OH TAM provides a previously unanticipated benefit, possibly due to alterations in the bioavailability of the active metabolite or to undefined estrogen receptor-mediated events."	( Association between sulfotransferase 1A1 genotype and survival of breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen therapy. Ambrosone, CB; Hutchins, LF; Kadlubar, FF; Lang, NP; Nowell, S; Stone, A; Sweeney, C; Winters, M, 2002)	0.53
" The plasma concentration-time profiles were primarily controlled by the rate of absorption from the injection site; post-peak plasma concentrations declined over time and were measurable up to 84 days after administration of fulvestrant 125 and 250 mg."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fulvestrant prolonged-release intramuscular injection in postmenopausal women awaiting surgery for primary breast cancer. Harrison, MP; Holcombe, C; Kohlhardt, SR; Odling-Smee, W; Robertson, JF, 2003)	0.32
"Arzoxifene (ARZ) is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator with greater bioavailability than raloxifene which is being developed as treatment for breast cancer."	( Comparison of the selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene (LY353381) with tamoxifen on tumor growth and biomarker expression in an MCF-7 human breast cancer xenograft model. A'Hern, R; Detre, S; Dowsett, M; Johnston, SR; Riddler, S; Salter, J, 2003)	0.54
"To reduce the frequency of administration of tamoxifen citrate so as to improve its bioavailability and patients' compliance."	( [Development of sustained release tablet of tamoxifen citrate and its in vitro release profile]. Wu, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhao, G, 2003)	0.84
" To increase the bioavailability of tamoxifen, we incorporated tamoxifen into polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated nanoparticles (NP-PEG-TAM)."	( Intraocular injection of tamoxifen-loaded nanoparticles: a new treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Andrieux, K; Couvreur, P; de Kozak, Y; Garcia, E; Klein, C; Naud, MC; Thillaye-Goldenberg, B; Villarroya, H, 2004)	0.9
" It is assumed that the enhanced and accelerated uptake of liposomal HT in the cell line with relative drug resistance can increase the intracellular bioavailability of HT."	( Liposomal 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen: effect on cellular uptake and resulting cytotoxicity in drug resistant breast cancer cells in vitro. Behrens, D; Fichtner, I; Teppke, AD; Zeisig, R, 2004)	0.65
" In a pharmacokinetic experiment carried out in rats, 29 displayed an interesting profile, with a bioavailability of 49%."	( Selective estrogen receptor modulators with conformationally restricted side chains. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of ERalpha-selective tetrahydroisoquinoline ligands. Bischoff, SF; Buhl, T; Floersheim, P; Fournier, B; Geiser, M; Halleux, C; Kallen, J; Keller, H; Ramage, P; Renaud, J, 2005)	0.33
" This study investigated the effect of quercetin, a dual inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-gp, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and one of its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats."	( Enhanced bioavailability of tamoxifen after oral administration of tamoxifen with quercetin in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Shin, SC, 2006)	0.83
" The antiproliferative activity of tamoxifen, relying primarily on its ability to compete with estrogen for the ER alpha ligand binding site in breast tumor tissue, hypotheses forwarded to explain treatment failure include: (1) the existence of a second estrogen receptor (ER beta), (2) an imbalance in estrogen biosynthesis and catabolism, (3) altered bioavailability of tamoxifen, (4) altered cellular trafficking of ER alpha, (5) non genomic effects of ER alpha, directly interacting with several signal transduction pathways, and (6) transcriptional dysregulation of ER alpha target genes, which may involve both genomic (ERE alteration) and non genomic alterations."	( Role of estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional coregulators in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Bièche, I; Girault, I; Lidereau, R, 2006)	0.85
"The concurrent administration of tamoxifen and bicalutamide reduces the synthesis and bioavailability of IGF-1."	( Influence of bicalutamide with or without tamoxifen or anastrozole on insulin-like growth factor 1 and binding proteins in prostate cancer patients. Battaglia, M; Bertaccini, A; Boccardo, F; Conti, G; Romagnoli, A; Rubagotti, A; Zattoni, F, )	0.68
" Co-administration of letrozole and TAM orally increased the absorption half-life of letrozole threefold although the absolute bioavailability remained unchanged."	( The effect of tamoxifen on the pharmacokinetics of letrozole in female rats. Brodie, AM; Nnane, IP; Tao, X, 2006)	0.69
" MMPs degrade extracellular matrix components enabling tumor cell invasion and metastasis, but may also regulate the bioavailability of a variety of biologically active molecules such as anti-angiogenic fragments, which may be beneficial for the host."	( MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity is regulated by estradiol and tamoxifen in cultured human breast cancer cells. Dabrosin, C; Garvin, S; Nilsson, UW, 2007)	0.59
"Oral and intravenous administration of tamoxifen base and tamoxifen citrate formulated with hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HBenBCD) to Sprague-Dawley rats significantly increased the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen relative to that of parent drug (no HBenBCD)."	( Pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after intravenous and oral dosing of tamoxifen-hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin formulations. Buchanan, CM; Buchanan, NL; Edgar, KJ; Little, JL; Malcolm, MO; Ruble, KM; Wacher, VJ; Wempe, MF, 2007)	0.93
"Lonafarnib is an orally bioavailable farnesyltransferase inhibitor."	( Enhancement of the antitumor activity of tamoxifen and anastrozole by the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib (SCH66336). Basso, AD; Black, S; Kirschmeier, P; Liu, G; Liu, M; Long, BJ; Marrinan, CH; Robert Bishop, W; Taylor, SA, 2007)	0.61
" The method has been validated for use in a clinical bioavailability research of tamoxifen."	( Optimizing high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for quantification of tamoxifen and two metabolites in human plasma: application to a clinical study. Xiao, DW; Yu, CX; Zhang, Q; Zhu, YB; Zou, JJ, 2008)	0.79
" The enhanced bioavailability of oral tamoxifen by oral kaempferol could have been due to an inhibition of CYP3A and P-gp by kaempferol."	( Effects of oral kaempferol on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and one of its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, after oral administration of tamoxifen to rats. Choi, JS; Piao, Y; Shin, SC, 2008)	0.87
"This study examined the effect of morin on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats."	( Effects of morin on the bioavailability of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Choi, JS; Piao, YJ; Shin, SC, )	0.62
" With the aim to improve TMX oral bioavailability and decrease its side effects, crosslinked alginate microparticles for the targeting to the lymphatic system by Peyer's patch (PP) uptake were developed and in vitro characterized."	( Alginate/chitosan microparticles for tamoxifen delivery to the lymphatic system. Coppi, G; Iannuccelli, V, 2009)	0.63
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naringin on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and of its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats."	( Enhanced tamoxifen bioavailability after oral administration of tamoxifen in rats pretreated with naringin. Choi, JS; Kang, KW, 2008)	0.97
"The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, were investigated in rats."	( Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Choi, JS; Shin, SC, 2009)	0.79
" We assessed whether the addition of a lower dose of tamoxifen influenced anastrozole bioavailability and favorably modulated biomarkers of bone fracture, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer risk."	( Randomized biomarker trial of anastrozole or low-dose tamoxifen or their combination in subjects with breast intraepithelial neoplasia. Bonanni, B; Cassano, E; Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Gandini, S; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Johansson, H; Lien, EA; Luini, A; Macis, D; Oldani, S; Pelosi, G; Serrano, D, 2009)	0.85
"The addition of a weekly tamoxifen administration did not impair anastrozole bioavailability and modulated favorably its safety profile, providing the rationale for further studies."	( Randomized biomarker trial of anastrozole or low-dose tamoxifen or their combination in subjects with breast intraepithelial neoplasia. Bonanni, B; Cassano, E; Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Gandini, S; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Johansson, H; Lien, EA; Luini, A; Macis, D; Oldani, S; Pelosi, G; Serrano, D, 2009)	0.9
" Furthermore, current water quality monitoring does not differentiate between soluble and colloidal phases in water samples, hindering our understanding of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
" Such strong pharmaceutical/colloid interactions may provide a long-term storage of pharmaceuticals, hence, increasing their persistence while reducing their bioavailability in the environment."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
" As aquatic colloids are abundant, ubiquitous, and highly powerful sorbents, they are expected to influence the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of such chemicals by aquatic organisms."	( Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Maskaoui, K; Zhou, JL, 2010)	0.36
" With the aim of improving both bioavailability and tamoxifen selective toxicity, the activity of tamoxifen embedded in calcium alginate/chitosan microparticles was studied."	( Role of the pharmaceutical excipients in the tamoxifen activity on MCF-7 and vero cell cultures. Baggio, G; Bruni, E; Coppi, G; Iannuccelli, V; Rossi, T, 2009)	0.86
" Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB) of tamoxifen in the presence of silybinin (2."	( Effects of silybinin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats. Choi, JS; Choi, SJ; Kim, CS; Li, C; Park, CY, 2010)	0.87
" This is the first study demonstrating that single oral doses of endoxifen are safe and well tolerated and have sufficient bioavailability to reach systemically effective levels in human subjects."	( Endoxifen, a new cornerstone of breast cancer therapy: demonstration of safety, tolerability, and systemic bioavailability in healthy human subjects. Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Kale, P; Krishnappa, M; Rane, RC; Shahabuddin, S; Sheikh, S, 2010)	0.36
"This study examined the effect of myricetin, an anticancer compound, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats."	( Effects of myricetin, an anticancer compound, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Choi, JS; Kim, J; Li, C; Lim, SC, 2011)	0.8
" As BCA is an inhibitor of CYP 3A and P-gp it was expected to increase the bioavailability of tamoxifen, a known substrate of CYP3A4/Pgp."	( Reduced bioavailability of tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen after oral administration with biochanin A (an isoflavone) in rats. Ali, MM; Jain, GK; Kohli, K; Raju, KS; Singh, SP, 2012)	0.89
" Consequently, the absolute bioavailability of tamoxifen in the presence of baicalein (3 and 10 mg/kg) was significantly increased by 47."	( Effects of baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats: possible role of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by baicalein. Choi, H; Choi, J; Kim, M; Li, C, 2011)	0.88
" Biodistribution studies of (99m)Tc labeled TMX SNP in rats revealed no significant absorption however oral pharmacokinetics revealed enhanced oral bioavailability of TMX (165%) compared to TMX suspension."	( Self nanoprecipitating preconcentrate of tamoxifen citrate for enhanced bioavailability. Devarajan, PV; Gaikwad, RV; Kapse, SV; Samad, A, 2012)	0.64
"The effects of curcumin, a natural anti-cancer compound, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, were investigated in rats."	( Effects of curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats: possible role of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by curcumin. Cho, YA; Choi, JS; Lee, W, 2012)	0.85
"Tamoxifen citrate (Tmx) was formulated in nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLC) using long chain solid lipids (LCSL) and oils (LCO) with the aim to target lymphatic system to improve its bioavailability in plasma and lymphnode (initial sites for metastasis) and reduce its drug associated toxicity."	( Long chain lipid based tamoxifen NLC. Part I: preformulation studies, formulation development and physicochemical characterization. Patravale, V; Shete, H, 2013)	2.14
" At the same time, higher Caco-2 cell uptake revealed its potential for oral delivery, which was well corroborated with in vivo pharmacokinetics, which suggested ∼ 5-fold and ∼ 3-fold increase in oral bioavailability as compared to the free Tmx citrate and free QT, respectively."	( Co-encapsulation of tamoxifen and quercetin in polymeric nanoparticles: implications on oral bioavailability, antitumor efficacy, and drug-induced toxicity. Jain, AK; Jain, S; Thanki, K, 2013)	0.71
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with the poorly water-soluble drug tamoxifen citrate (TC) on the in vitro antitumor activity and bioavailability of the drug."	( In vitro cytotoxicity and bioavailability of solid lipid nanoparticles containing tamoxifen citrate. Hashem, FM; Khairy, A; Nasr, M, 2014)	0.83
"To assess the effect of concomitant food intake on the relative bioavailability of ospemifene and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxyospemifene, after single oral dosing."	( Oral bioavailability of ospemifene improves with food intake. Aaltonen, AM; Katila, K; Koskimies, P; Lammintausta, R; Saarni, O; Scheinin, M; Vuorinen, J, 2013)	0.39
" The increase in bioavailability was not linearly related with the fat content of the meal."	( Oral bioavailability of ospemifene improves with food intake. Aaltonen, AM; Katila, K; Koskimies, P; Lammintausta, R; Saarni, O; Scheinin, M; Vuorinen, J, 2013)	0.39
"In vivo pharmacokinetics revealed ~8-fold and ~4-fold increase in oral bioavailability of tamoxifen and quercetin, respectively as compared to free counterparts."	( Solidified self-nanoemulsifying formulation for oral delivery of combinatorial therapeutic regimen: part II in vivo pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy and hepatotoxicity. Jain, AK; Jain, S; Thanki, K, 2014)	0.62
" Docking experiments raveled that 10 and 19 occupied the same binding pocket of paclitaxel with some difference in active site amino acids and good bioavailability of both the compounds."	( Synthesis of neolignans as microtubule stabilisers. Chanda, D; Hasanain, M; Khan, F; Konwar, R; Kumar, A; Luqman, S; Masood, N; Mitra, K; Negi, AS; Pal, A; Sarkar, J; Sathish Kumar, B; Singh, A; Singh, J; Yadav, DK, 2014)	0.4
" The aim was to achieve improved systemic bioavailability of Tamoxifen, prevent systemic and hepatotoxicity and enhance antitumor efficacy."	( Tamoxifen nanostructured lipid carriers: enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy with reduced adverse drug effects. Patravale, VB; Selkar, N; Shete, HK; Vanage, GR, 2014)	2.09
"In the present study, tamoxifen-phospholipid complex (TMX-PLC) was developed and evaluated for its impact on solubility and bioavailability of tamoxifen."	( Development of tamoxifen-phospholipid complex: novel approach for improving solubility and bioavailability. Dora, CP; Jena, SK; Singh, C; Suresh, S, 2014)	1.07
"An early prediction of solubility in physiological media (PBS, SGF and SIF) is useful to predict qualitatively bioavailability and absorption of lead candidates."	( Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery. Bharate, SS; Vishwakarma, RA, 2015)	0.42
" We describe the identification and characterization of a series of small-molecule, orally bioavailable SERDs which are potent antagonists and degraders of ER-α and in which the ER-α degrading properties were prospectively optimized."	( Identification of GDC-0810 (ARN-810), an Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD) that Demonstrates Robust Activity in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Xenografts. Aparicio, A; Bonnefous, C; Brigham, D; Darimont, B; Douglas, K; Govek, S; Grillot, K; Hager, JH; Heyman, R; Joseph, JD; Julien, J; Kahraman, M; Kaufman, J; Lai, A; Lee, KJ; Lu, N; Moon, MJ; Nagasawa, J; Prudente, R; Qian, J; Rix, PJ; Sensintaffar, J; Shao, G; Smith, ND, 2015)	0.62
" The discovery and development of orally bioavailable SERDs provide the opportunity to evaluate the utility of eliminating ERα expression in advanced metastatic breast cancers."	( Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs), a Breakthrough Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer. McDonnell, DP; Norris, JD; Wardell, SE, 2015)	0.42
" However, direct administration of endoxifen may present the problem of low bioavailability due to its rapid first-pass metabolism via O-glucuronidation."	( Boronic prodrug of endoxifen as an effective hormone therapy for breast cancer. Miele, L; Wang, G; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2015)	0.42
" While the drug-drug interaction potential between flavonoids and co-ingested drugs still remain an issue, opportunities exist for the combination of flavonoids with suitable anti-cancer drugs to enhance the bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs and thereby reduce the dose size of the anti-cancer drugs and improve its therapeutic index."	( Recent trends in preclinical drug-drug interaction studies of flavonoids--Review of case studies, issues and perspectives. Srinivas, NR, 2015)	0.42
" The implications for improved bioavailability of the NP formulations were supported by cytotoxicity results that showed a similar efficacy to free dual drug formulations and even enhanced anti-cancer effects in the recovery condition."	( Dual drug delivery of tamoxifen and quercetin: Regulated metabolism for anticancer treatment with nanosponges. Beezer, DB; Harth, E; Kravitz, A; Lockhart, JN; Stevens, DM, 2015)	0.73
" Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to evaluate the metabolism and bioavailability of the drug in mice."	( Boronic prodrug of 4-hydroxytamoxifen is more efficacious than tamoxifen with enhanced bioavailability independent of CYP2D6 status. Miele, L; Wang, G; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2015)	0.71
" The boronic prodrug was shown to have far superior bioavailability of 4-OHT compared to tamoxifen or 4-OHT administration as measured by the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC), plasma peak concentrations, and drug accumulation in tumor tissues."	( Boronic prodrug of 4-hydroxytamoxifen is more efficacious than tamoxifen with enhanced bioavailability independent of CYP2D6 status. Miele, L; Wang, G; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2015)	0.93
"The discovery of an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) with equivalent potency and preclinical pharmacology to the intramuscular SERD fulvestrant is described."	( Optimization of a Novel Binding Motif to (E)-3-(3,5-Difluoro-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylic Acid (AZD9496), a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregu Andrews, DM; Ballard, P; Bradbury, RH; Buttar, D; Callis, RJ; Currie, GS; Curwen, JO; Davies, CD; de Almeida, C; De Savi, C; Donald, CS; Feron, LJ; Gingell, H; Glossop, SC; Hayter, BR; Hussain, S; Karoutchi, G; Lamont, SG; MacFaul, P; Moss, TA; Norman, RA; Pearson, SE; Rabow, AA; Tonge, M; Walker, GE; Weir, HM; Wilson, Z, 2015)	0.42
" Enhanced DNA cleavage potential, nuclear fragmentation and condensation in apoptotic cells confirm greater bioavailability of PLGA-Tmx as compared to pure Tmx in terms of receptor mediated endocytosis."	( Controlled release of drug and better bioavailability using poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Haldar, C; Maiti, P; Maurya, AK; Mishra, DP; Pandey, SK; Patel, DK; Thakur, R; Vinayak, M, 2016)	0.43
"This study was undertaken to develop and investigate the effect of tamoxifen polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (Tmx-PLN) on its oral bioavailability and efficacy in the 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer model."	( Development of Novel Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles of Tamoxifen: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Dora, CP; Jena, SK; Pawar, H; Singh, C; Suresh, S; Varthya, M, 2016)	0.91
" Furthermore, It has superior oral bioavailability (AUC = 2547."	( Fulvestrant-3 Boronic Acid (ZB716): An Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD). Akerstrom, VL; Bratton, MR; Guo, S; Liu, J; Ma, P; Ma, Y; Miele, L; Pannuti, A; Skripnikova, EV; Wang, G; Wiese, TE; Yuan, C; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2016)	0.43
" Despite many promises, tamoxifen is associated with various challenges like low hydrophilicity, poor bioavailability and dose-dependent toxicity."	( Chitosan-modified PLGA polymeric nanocarriers with better delivery potential for tamoxifen. Chitkara, D; Kumar, P; Kumar, R; Raza, K; Singh, B; Thakur, CK; Thotakura, N, 2016)	0.97
" This drug has low oral bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility."	( Preparation, characterization and in-vivo evaluation of microemulsions containing tamoxifen citrate anti-cancer drug. Biriaee, A; Dehghani, F; Ebrahimi, M; Farhadian, N; Golmohammadzadeh, S; Karimi, M, 2017)	0.68
"59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension."	( Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. Chand, M; Dhaundiyal, A; Jena, SK; Samal, SK; Sangamwar, AT; Sonvane, B, 2016)	0.66
"α-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX."	( Alpha-lipoic acid-stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. Chand, M; Dhaundiyal, A; Jena, SK; Samal, SK; Sangamwar, AT; Sonvane, B, 2016)	0.66
" An alternative approach, particularly considering agents with relatively low toxicity, such as orally bioavailable fluoropyrimidines, is to continue chemotherapy until disease progression."	( Use of maintenance endocrine therapy after chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Makris, A; Miles, D; Sutherland, S, 2016)	0.43
"Tamoxifen (TAM) is frequently prescribed for the management breast cancer, but is associated with the challenges like compromised aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability to the target site."	( Biocompatible Phospholipid-Based Mixed Micelles for Tamoxifen Delivery: Promising Evidences from In - Vitro Anticancer Activity and Dermatokinetic Studies. Chitkara, D; Katare, OP; Kumar, P; Kumar, R; Malik, R; Raza, K; Sharma, G; Singh, B, 2017)	2.15
"Recent studies showed an enhanced oral bioavailability of tamoxifen (TMX) by hydrophobically modified α-tocopherol succinate-g-carboxymethyl chitosan (Cmc-TS) micelles."	( Potential of amphiphilic graft copolymer α-tocopherol succinate-g-carboxymethyl chitosan in modulating the permeability and anticancer efficacy of tamoxifen. Chand, M; Jena, SK; Kaur, S; Samal, SK; Sangamwar, AT, 2017)	0.9
"Present investigation deals with formulation and evaluation of tamoxifen (TMX)-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles (TMX-LCNPs) for improving oral bioavailability and safety of the existing treatment."	( Improved Oral Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Reduced Toxicity of Tamoxifen-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles. Heeralal, B; Jain, S; Kushwah, V; Swami, R; Swarnakar, NK, 2018)	0.95
" We describe the design and synthesis of a series of potent benzothiophene-containing compounds that exhibit oral bioavailability and preclinical activity as SERDs."	( Discovery of LSZ102, a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD) for the Treatment of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Abrams, T; Baird, J; Burks, HE; Firestone, B; Gaither, LA; Hamann, LG; He, G; Kim, S; Kirby, CA; Lombardo, F; Macchi, KJ; McDonnell, DP; Mishina, Y; Norris, JD; Nunez, J; Peukert, S; Springer, C; Sun, Y; Thomsen, NM; Tiong-Yip, CL; Tria, GS; Wang, C; Wang, J; Yu, B, 2018)	0.48
" Results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased the tamoxifen oral bioavailability (p < 0."	( Development of Hot Melt Extruded Solid Dispersion of Tamoxifen Citrate and Resveratrol for Synergistic Effects on Breast Cancer Cells. Bagde, A; Chowdhury, N; Kutlehria, S; Patel, K; Singh, M; Vhora, I, 2018)	0.97
" The selective ER degrader (SERD), fulvestrant, is effective in patients with metastatic breast cancer, but its intramuscular route of administration and low bioavailability are major clinical limitations."	( The oral selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD) AZD9496 is comparable to fulvestrant in antagonising ER and circumventing endocrine resistance. Brown, H; Cataldo, ML; Chamness, GC; De Angelis, C; Delpuech, O; Fu, X; Hilsenbeck, SG; Jeselsohn, R; Mitchell, T; Nagi, C; Nardone, A; Osborne, CK; Pilling, M; Rimawi, MF; Schiff, R; Shea, MJ; Trivedi, M; Veeraraghavan, J; Weir, H, 2019)	0.51
"The present study aimed to develop a surface-modified biocompatible nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) system using polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (POE-40-S) to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Biopharmaceutics Classification System class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX)."	( Development of tamoxifen-loaded surface-modified nanostructured lipid carrier using experimental design: Damodharan, N; Poovi, G, 2020)	1.09
" Tamoxifen citrate (TMX) (BCS Class II drug) with low water solubility has poor oral bioavailability in the range of 20%-30%, therefore, high doses are required for treatment with TMX."	( Development and evaluation of polymeric micelle containing tablet formulation for poorly water-soluble drug: tamoxifen citrate. Çalış, S; Kaplan, M; Öztürk-Atar, K, 2020)	1.68
" In phase 1/2 clinical studies, the efficacy of Z-endoxifen, the active isomer of endoxifen, was evaluated in patients with endocrine-refractory metastatic breast cancer as well as in patients with gynecologic, desmoid, and hormone-receptor positive solid tumors, and demonstrated substantial oral bioavailability and promising antitumor activity."	( Endoxifen, an Estrogen Receptor Targeted Therapy: From Bench to Bedside. Goetz, MP; Hawse, JR; Jayaraman, S; Reid, JM, 2021)	0.62
" Weight, race on clearance, and aspartate aminotransferase on the absorption rate constant were identified as significant covariates in the final model."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of Z-Endoxifen in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. Adjei, AA; Ames, MM; Buhrow, SA; Covey, JM; Goetz, MP; Koubek, EJ; Larson, TR; McGovern, RM; Ralya, AT; Reid, JM; Takebe, N, 2022)	0.72
" Lung and liver tissues from EC Arg1 KO mice showed respectively increase or decrease in nitrosyl-heme species, indicating that the lack of endothelial Arg1 affects NO bioavailability in these organs."	( Downregulation of eNOS and preserved endothelial function in endothelial-specific arginase 1-deficient mice. Carlström, M; Cortese-Krott, MM; Grandoch, M; Guimaraes Braga, DD; Heuser, SK; Kelm, M; Leo, F; Li, J; LoBue, A; Lundberg, JO; Montero, L; Olsson, A; Pernow, J; Schmitt, JP; Schmitz, OJ; Schneckmann, R; Srivrastava, T; Suvorava, T; Weitzberg, E; Zhuge, Z, 2022)	0.72
" Re-engagement of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with ERα as a drug target has been further underpinned by the impressive advances made in medicinal chemistry, enabling desirable mechanistic features - high potency full ERα antagonism - to be combined with improved drug-like properties - oral bioavailability and optimized pharmacokinetics."	( Clinical Translation: Targeting the Estrogen Receptor. Lauchle, JO; Metcalfe, C, 2022)	0.72
" Here, we characterized the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ENDX in female rats and dogs."	( Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Endoxifen in Female Rats and Dogs: Evidence to Support the Use of Endoxifen to Overcome the Limitations of CYP2D6-Mediated Tamoxifen Metabolism. Ames, MM; Buhrow, SA; Goetz, MP; Jia, L; Koubek, EJ; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL, 2023)	1.11
" A higher bioavailability of tamoxifen in older patients may explain the observed differences."	( Tamoxifen pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in older patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Gelderblom, H; Guchelaar, HJ; Moes, DJAR; Portielje, JEA; Sanchez-Spitman, A; Souwer, ETD; Swen, JJ; van Gelder, T, 2023)	2.64

Dosage Studied

Adenomyosis was induced in 28 female ICR mice neonatally dosed with tamoxifen. Endogenous sex steroid levels were altered in mice via gonadectomy, via physiological or supraphysiological doses of testosterone and/or estradiol.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"High dosage MAP (medroxyprogesterone acetate) was used in the treatment of very advanced breast cancer."	( High dose medroxyprogesterone-acetate treatment in advanced mammary carcinoma. A phase II investigation. Mattsson, W, 1978)	0.26
"6 Since the administration of anti-oestrogenic doses of non-steroidal anti-oestrogens during a 3-day uterine weight test did not inhibit the total binding of oestradiol in the uterus, or affect the translocation of the steroid to the nucleus, the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-oestrogens over the range of the partial agonist dose-response curve must involve an interaction, or competition of oestradiol-17beta- and anti-oestrogen-oestrogen receptor complexes for sites within the nucleus."	( The binding of [3H]-oestradiol-17 beta in the immature rat uterus during the sequential administration of non-steroidal anti-oestrogens. Jordan, VC; Naylor, KE, 1979)	0.26
" In the 10-mg bid dosage group, 30 of the 31 patients were considered evaluable for efficacy."	( Phase II study of tamoxifen: report of 74 patients with stage IV breast cancer. Band, PR; Israel, L; Lerner, HJ; Leung, BS, 1976)	0.59
" Two dosage schedules were compared."	( Suppression of lactation by an antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Shaaban, MM, 1975)	0.51
" Furthermore, a dose-response relationship has been reported with anthracyclines used as adjuvant therapy or in metastatic disease."	( [Cancer of the breast]. Maugard-Louboutin, C, 1992)	0.28
" Meanwhile, Provera exerted dose-response inhibition on both AE7 and ECC-1 cell lines."	( Determination of hormonal response in uterine cancer cell lines by the ATP bioluminescence assay and flow cytometry. Angioli, R; Averette, HE; Donato, D; Nguyen, HN; Penalver, M; Perras, J; Ramos, R; Sevin, BU; Voigt, W, 1992)	0.28
" Our results show that a dose-response relationship exists between cell growth inhibition and cell cycle measurements for human plasma with added toremifene or tamoxifen, and also for human plasma specimens containing drug and its metabolites after treatment."	( A bioassay for antiestrogenic activity--potential utility in drug development and monitoring effective in vivo dosing. DeGregorio, M; Emshoff, V; Koester, S; Minor, P; Wiebe, V; Wurz, G, 1992)	0.48
" On cessation of dosing there was a loss of adducts from the liver DNA."	( Genotoxic potential of tamoxifen and analogues in female Fischer F344/n rats, DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice and in human MCL-5 cells. Crofton-Sleigh, C; Davies, A; de Matteis, F; Hewer, A; Phillips, DH; Smith, LL; Venitt, S; White, IN, 1992)	0.59
" Although systemic therapy has improved the prognosis for breast cancer, numerous issues, such as the optimal combination and dosage of drugs, the worth of chemohormonotherapy and the appropriate sequencing of treatment, remain the subjects of continuing investigation."	( Recent trends in the management of breast cancer. 3. Controversies in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, hormonotherapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer. Donegan, WL, 1992)	0.28
" A significant dose-response relationship was observed for the potentiating effect of tamoxifen on TCDD lethality."	( The potentiation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity by tamoxifen in female CD1 mice. Gallo, MA; MacKenzie, SA; Thomas, T; Umbreit, TH, 1992)	0.74
" In the first approach medroxyprogesterone dosage increased up to 400 mg a day, achieved better results in curative as well as adjuvant treatment of advanced or early gynecologic cancers."	( New trends in the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate as a chemotherapeutic agent in gynecologic malignancies. Bonte, J; Vanderstappen, D, 1992)	0.28
" To determine whether the inabilities of TAM to stimulate cell proliferation and induce PR were a function of TAM concentration, dose-response experiments were performed."	( The estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties of tamoxifen in GH4C1 pituitary tumor cells are gene specific. Baldwin, TM; Beams, FE; Gilchrist, CA; Hrbek, MJ; Shull, JD, 1992)	0.54
"Twenty-nine Nigerian women with advanced breast carcinoma treated with Tamoxifen (Nolvadex ICI) at a dosage of 20 mg twice daily have been reviewed."	( Tamoxifen in the management of advanced breast carcinoma in Nigerian women. Ajayi, OO; Ihekwaba, FN; Senbanjo, RO, )	1.81
" Serum tamoxifen levels were elevated to nearly 400 ng ml-1 by injecting 1 mg day-1 tamoxifen (IP 3 x weekly); this dosage was more effective at inhibiting oestradiol stimulated tumour growth than subcutaneous tamoxifen capsules alone."	( Reversible control of oestradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumours by tamoxifen in the athymic mouse. Iino, Y; Johnson, DA; Jordan, VC; Langan-Fahey, SM; Ricchio, M; Thompson, ME; Wolf, DM, 1991)	0.97
" Animals were dosed daily, a day after implantation, for 14 days with either 17 beta-estradiol or tamoxifen at different doses."	( The effects of estrogens on cartilage degradation using in vivo and in vitro models. Chander, CL; Desa, FM, 1991)	0.5
" Tamoxifen was administered in a daily dosage of 30 mg (3 x 1 tablet)."	( [Results of treatment of breast cancer with tamoxifen]. Freisleben, G; Pietrzak, J; Pniewska, I; Polubiec, A, 1991)	1.45
" One hundred and seven women were treated at one of six dosage levels (10, 20, 40, 60, 200, or 400 mg/d orally) for at least 8 weeks."	( Phase I study of toremifene in patients with advanced cancer. Green, M; Haller, D; Hamm, JT; Kohler, PC; Shemano, I; Tormey, DC, 1991)	0.28
" Endogenous sex steroid levels were altered in mice via gonadectomy, via physiological or supraphysiological doses of testosterone and/or estradiol, and via tamoxifen dosing to antagonize estrogens."	( Effect of sex steroids on cocaine lethality in male and female mice. Davis, WM; Dickerson, GA; Waters, IW; Wilson, MC, 1991)	0.48
" With this method, we determined the drug and metabolite concentrations during one dosing interval in various tissues (brain, fat, liver, heart, lung, kidney, uterus, and testes) of rats given tamoxifen once daily for 3 or 14 days, and in various normal and malignant tissues obtained during surgery or at autopsy from patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen."	( Distribution of tamoxifen and its metabolites in rat and human tissues during steady-state treatment. Lien, EA; Solheim, E; Ueland, PM, 1991)	0.82
" 82 patients in 2 groups who were diagnosed with metastatic mammary carcinoma received Tamoxifen (ICI) and Tamoxifen (Ebewe) orally in a dosage of 20 to 40 mg/day."	( [The treatment of metastasizing breast carcinoma using antiestrogens]. Palucka-Bartoszewicz, A; Pienkowska, F; Pienkowski, T; Schneider, J; Zborzil, J, 1991)	0.5
" Dose-response curves of GCDFP-15 mRNA contents and GCDFP-15 levels in culture media and cells versus hormone or antihormone concentration have been established."	( Stimulatory effect of oestradiol-17 beta and tamoxifen on gross cystic disease fluid protein 15,000 production and mRNA levels in T47D human breast cancer cells. Carlisi, I; Collette, J; Dejardin, L; Delvenne, C; Franchimont, P; Gol-Winkler, R; Haagensen, DE, 1991)	0.54
" We investigated melatonin's effect on the anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells as well as the dose-response characteristics of this indoleamine under clonogenic culture conditions."	( Effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on the anchorage-independent growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in a clonogenic culture system. Blask, DE; Cos, S, 1990)	0.28
" There is apparently a dose-response between megestrol acetate and breast cancer, along with a response dependent on the number and type of estrogen and progestin receptors."	( Megestrol acetate: clinical experience. Canetta, R; Kelley, S; Nicaise, C; Rozencweig, M; Schacter, L; Smaldone, L, 1989)	0.28
" The often discussed intrinsic estrogen activity of the antiestrogens was present only in the highest dosage tested of tamoxifen."	( Antiestrogen and antiandrogen administration reduce bone mass in the rat. Bauss, F; Feldmann, S; Lempert, UG; Minne, HW; Parvizi, S; Pfeifer, M; Ziegler, R, 1989)	0.49
" The estrogen agonist and antagonist effects of tamoxifen (TAM, a triphenylethylene antiestrogen) and chlorotrianisene (TACE, a triphenylethylene estrogen) on anterior pituitary glandular kallikrein and PRL were examined to see if TAM and TACE differentially affect these estrogen response of lactotrophs after in vivo dosing of rats."	( Differential responses of pituitary kallikrein and prolactin to tamoxifen and chlorotrianisene. Hatala, MA; Pagano, PJ; Powers, CA, 1989)	0.77
" Tamoxifen in high dosage and in some reports at conventional dosage is associated with ocular toxicity."	( A controlled study of the ocular effects of tamoxifen in conventional dosage in the treatment of breast carcinoma. Longstaff, S; O'Keeffe, M; Ogston, S; Preece, P; Sigurdsson, H, 1989)	1.45
" 4) Among nine patients, one PR and three NC case were observed with subsequent increase of the dosage to 40 mg/day after 20 mg/day."	( [A comparison of two doses of tamoxifen in patients with advanced breast cancer: 20 mg/day versus 40 mg/day]. Aikawa, T; Inaji, H; Takatsuka, Y; Yayoi, E, 1989)	0.57
" For both compounds the interaction with insulin was complex and characterized by a bell-shaped dose-response curve."	( Effects of antioestrogens on the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Newboult, E; Peters, SW; Wakeling, AE, 1989)	0.28
" Thirty-four received treatment B: tamoxifen 30 mg per day and after relapse, high dosage of MPA alone."	( [Hormonotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Randomized trial comparing alternating sequences with successive applications]. Bonichon, F; Chauvergne, J; Durand, M; Mauriac, L, 1986)	0.8
"A controlled trial has been conducted in which 60 women with mastalgia were randomly allocated to receive tamoxifen at a dosage of either 10 mg or 20 mg daily for either 3 or 6 months."	( Dosage and duration of tamoxifen treatment for mastalgia: a controlled trial. Caleffi, M; Chaudary, MA; Fentiman, IS; Hamed, H, 1988)	0.8
" The data fitted log dose-response curves."	( The effect of oestriol and tamoxifen on oestradiol induced prolactin secretion in anaesthetised rats. Gilna, P; Martin, F, 1986)	0.57
" The sperm density increased significantly, but we could not ascertain whether a dosage of 2 X 20 mg/die will provide better therapeutic results."	( [Therapeutic results with tamoxifen in oligospermia. II. Hormonal analysis and semen parameters]. Adam, W; Armann, J; Bantel, E; Cörlin, R; Egenrieder, H; Fierlbeck, G; Hook, B; Schieferstein, G; Schiek, A; Schubring, G, )	0.43
" One of each cycle was given preoperatively at half dosage and five of each were repeated postoperatively at full dosage."	( Six-year results of a multimodality treatment strategy for locally advanced breast cancer. Arrigo, C; Balikdjian, D; Cantraine, F; de Valeriola, D; Heuson, JC; Loriaux, C; Mattheiem, WH; Paridaens, R; Piccart, MJ, 1988)	0.27
" It is concluded that, while the priming action exerted by E2B on PgRs might explain the potentiating effect shown by E2B on MPA activity, the synergism observed between TMX and MPA should be explained on an extrareceptorial basis, an induction on PgR synthesis by TMX not being evident at the dosage and priming time employed in this study."	( Effects of tamoxifen, estradiol benzoate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma. Barbi, GP; Boccardo, F; Dandolo, G; De Menech, R; Guarneri, D; Moro, MG; Paganuzzi, M; Pino, G; Sanguineti, M; Zanardi, S, 1985)	0.66
" By contrast, the timing of the ODC activity peak induced by tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen was highly dependent upon the dosing conditions and was delayed to 18 h at lower tamoxifen doses."	( Estrogen- and antiestrogen-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and uterine growth in the rat. Branham, WS; Leamons, ML; Sheehan, DM, 1988)	0.52
" At higher E2- or AE-concentrations this positive effect was lost, resulting in bell shaped dose-response curves."	( Effects of estradiol and some antiestrogens (clomiphene, tamoxifen, and hydroxytamoxifen) on luteinizing hormone secretion by rat pituitary cells in culture. Emons, G; Knuppen, R; Ortmann, O; Thiessen, S, 1986)	0.52
" When added to the oviduct cell cultures 3 days after they were plated out, estradiol increased the steady-state concentration (relative to total RNA) of 7F and 6G mRNAs by 3- to 7-fold after 60-80 h, but with different time-course and dose-response kinetics for the two messages."	( Hormonal regulation of RNA synthesis and specific gene expression in Xenopus oviduct cells in primary culture. Marsh, J; Tata, JR, 1987)	0.27
" This became more clearly apparent when cells were treated with the 4-hydroxylated derivatives of these compounds where, because of enhanced affinity for the oestrogen receptor (ER), the dose-response curves for the two components could be separated."	( Mechanisms of growth inhibition by nonsteroidal antioestrogens in human breast cancer cells. Hall, RE; Ruenitz, PC; Sutherland, RL; Watts, CK, 1987)	0.27
"A 57-year-old woman developed bilateral optic neuritis after being treated for 6 months with tamoxifen in the dosage of 30 to 40 mg orally a day."	( Bilateral optic neuritis evolved during tamoxifen treatment. Pugesgaard, T; Von Eyben, FE, 1986)	0.76
" Estrogens are approximately 10-fold more potent in stimulating cell number than in stimulating prolactin production, but the antiestrogens showed the same dose-response for both effects."	( Characterization of antiestrogen stimulation of cell number and prolactin production. Amara, JF; Dannies, PS, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response relationship was biphasic; 10(-10) M Ly-117018 and 10(-7) M tamoxifen caused maximal stimulation, but higher concentrations caused no stimulation and completely antagonized the 5-fold stimulation caused by estrogen."	( Antiestrogens are partial estrogen agonists for prolactin production in primary pituitary cultures. Amara, JF; Dannies, PS; Martinez-Campos, A, 1986)	0.5
" As systemic cancer chemotherapy was not so effective, targeted cancer chemotherapy for lymph node metastasis and carcinomatous peritonitis was carried out by modification of drug dosage form as fat emulsion and activated carbon incorporating anticancer agent."	( [Combined therapy of gastric cancer]. Takahashi, T, 1985)	0.27
" In one variant tamoxifen dosage was 20 mg (2 tablets) daily taken orally from day 5 to day 25 of the menstrual cycle, associated with 10 mg (2 tablets) of lynestrenol daily, only during the last 15 days."	( Combined tamoxifen-lynestrenol treatment in benign breast disease. Cupceancu, B, )	0.89
" Cyclic treatment with a combination of chlorambucil, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil was more myelotoxic and required more extensive dose reductions than treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil with the dosage used."	( Influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on the blood lymphocyte population in operable breast carcinoma. Comparison between two types of treatments. Baral, E; Blomgren, H; Petrini, B; Strender, LE; Wallgren, A; Wasserman, J, 1982)	0.26
" Menopausal status did not seem to influence response, and no dose-response relationship has been documented."	( Antiestrogen therapy of breast cancer. Lippman, ME, 1983)	0.27
" Provided the dosage is the same for both groups, there is no evidence of any clear difference between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal patients."	( [Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: present status]. Eidtmann, H; Jonat, W; Kaufmann, M; Kubli, F; Maass, H, 1984)	0.27
" Thus far, we have defined dose-response curves for tamoxifen, adriamycin, thiotepa, and methotrexate."	( In vitro drug screening and individualized treatment planning for cancer patients. Safa, AR; Tseng, MT, 1983)	0.52
" The partial uterotrophic effect of monohydroxytamoxifen and full uterotrophic effects of estradiol were both inhibited by high doses of LY117018 at an approximate dosage ratio of 1:24, w/w."	( Differential antiestrogen action in the immature rat uterus: a comparison of hydroxylated antiestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor. Gosden, B; Jordan, VC, 1983)	0.52
" Dose-response analysis showed that, in the R27 variant, TAM and OH-TAM acquired the ability to induce the Mr 52,000 protein at concentrations compatible with their relative affinities for the estrogen receptor, while these antiestrogens were inefficient in the wild MCF7 cells."	( Induction of two estrogen-responsive proteins by antiestrogens in R27, a tamoxifen-resistant clone of MCF7 cells. Derocq, D; Lippman, ME; Nawata, H; Rochefort, H; Vignon, F, 1984)	0.5
" Analysis of the dose-response curves shows induction by Oe2 to be 10 times and 50 times greater than Oe3 and Oe4, respectively."	( Different effects of oestradiol, oestriol, oestetrol and of oestrone on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in long term tissue culture. Bayard, F; Jozan, S; Kreitmann, B, 1981)	0.26
" No significant dose-response relationships emerged."	( Evaluation of tamoxifen doses with and without fluoxymesterone in advanced breast cancer. Cassidy, JG; Edwards, BK; Lippman, ME; Tormey, DC, 1983)	0.63
"In 17 patients treated with tamoxifen in a low dosage (30 mg daily) ophthalmological examination was performed."	( Retinopathy caused by treatment with tamoxifen in low dosage. Nielsen, NV; Vinding, T, 1983)	0.83
" However, in the rat, LY117018 was more effective against the less potent compound tamoxifen, at a 6:1 dosage ratio compared with a 24:1 dosage ratio required for the potent compound monohydroxytamoxifen."	( Inhibition of the uterotropic activity of estrogens and antiestrogens by the short acting antiestrogen LY117018. Gosden, B; Jordan, VC, 1983)	0.49
" This hormonal therapy should be suggested, where is possible, by the results of hormonal dosage on plasma and urine."	( [Treatment of breast cancer in aged women]. Beani, G; Berta, V; Perelli-Ercolini, M, 1980)	0.26
"The data on adjuvant chemotherapy for mammary carcinoma obtained from animal models suggest that (a) systemic chemotherapy combined with tumour excision provides more long-term cures than either method alone, (b) systemic treatment may be effective in eradicating occult micrometastases and (c) the effect of systemic chemotherapy decreases with advancing tumour stage preoperatively, with increasing time lag between operation and chemotherapy, and as the drug dosage decreases."	( Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 4. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Bowman, DM, 1981)	0.26
" At the time of progression, increasing the dosage to 20 mg twice daily resulted in an objective remission now lasting 8+ months."	( Tamoxifen-induced remission in breast cancer by escalating the dose to 40 mg daily after progression on 20 mg daily: a case report and review of the literature. Arafah, BM; Manni, A, 1981)	1.71
"Blood tamoxifen levels were determined for patients with metastatic breast cancer following initial and chronic dosing at twice daily 10 mg/m2 or a 20 mg/m2 single dose."	( Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer: correlation with clinical data. Cain, L; El-Serafi, M; Fabian, C; Hearne, E; Sternson, L, 1981)	1.05
" over the range of the partial agonist dose-response curve, the biological activity of tamoxifen is the net result of the activities of the parent compound and its metabolites."	( Evidence for the metabolic activation of non-steroidal antioestrogens: a study of structure-activity relationships. Allen, KE; Clark, ER; Jordan, VC, 1980)	0.48
" We detected no clear evidence of a dose-response effect for TOR."	( Randomized comparison of tamoxifen and two separate doses of toremifene in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Berris, RF; Bezwoda, WR; Goedhals, L; Hacking, A; Hayes, DF; Jones, SE; Mailliard, JA; Shemano, I; Van Zyl, JA; Vogel, CL, 1995)	0.59
" The pattern of 32P-postlabelled adducts was not the same as those seen in rats dosed with this drug."	( 32P-postlabelled DNA adducts in liver obtained from women treated with tamoxifen. Martin, EA; Powles, TJ; Rich, KJ; Smith, LL; White, IN; Woods, KL, 1995)	0.52
" Dose-response studies show the S554fs mutant to be the most potent of the three ER mutants as a repressor of estrogen action in these cells."	( Repression of endogenous estrogen receptor activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by dominant negative estrogen receptors. Ince, BA; Katzenellenbogen, BS; Schodin, DJ; Shapiro, DJ, 1995)	0.29
" Antineoplastic efficacy of tamoxifen at this dosage in this cohort of patients was at best marginal and well in the range associated with the occurrence of spontaneous remissions."	( Lack of therapeutic efficacy of tamoxifen in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Atzpodien, J; Fenner, M; Kirchner, H; Menzel, T; Poliwoda, H; Schomburg, A, 1993)	0.86
" There may be a trend toward a dose-response effect, which represents a suitable topic for a future prospective trial."	( Hormonal palliation of chemoresistant ovarian cancer: three consecutive phase II trials of the Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program. Ahlgren, JD; Alt, D; Ellison, NM; Gottlieb, RJ; Laluna, F; Lokich, JJ; Sinclair, PR; Ueno, W; Wampler, GL; Yeung, KY, 1993)	0.29
" The major adducts formed following incubation of DNA with tamoxifen had similar Rf values to two of the 32P-postlabelled adducts seen following dosing of rats with tamoxifen."	( Peroxidase activation of tamoxifen and toremifene resulting in DNA damage and covalently bound protein adducts. Davies, AM; Jones, RM; Lim, CK; Martin, EA; Smith, LL; White, IN, 1995)	0.84
" The greater potential of mouse liver microsomes to activate tamoxifen, relative to rats, does not reflect DNA damage or hepatocarcinogenicity seen following dosing with tamoxifen in vivo."	( Species differences in the covalent binding of [14C]tamoxifen to liver microsomes and the forms of cytochrome P450 involved. De Matteis, F; Gibbs, AH; Henderson, C; Lim, CK; Smith, LL; White, IN; Wolf, CR, 1995)	0.78
" Some of the primary response genes in this network may exhibit dose-response and induction kinetics similar to pS2, which is constitutively upregulated in the MCF7/MIII, MCF7/LCC1 and MCF7/LCC2 cells."	( Hormonal carcinogenesis in breast cancer: cellular and molecular studies of malignant progression. Baumann, K; Brunner, N; Clarke, R; Freter, C; James, M; Leonessa, F; Lippman, J; Skaar, T; Thompson, EW, 1994)	0.29
" A dose-response effect was observed at ICI 182,780 concentrations of up to 5 microM."	( Differential effects of estrogen, tamoxifen and the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 in human drug-resistant leukemia cell lines. Ching, M; de Luise, M; Hu, XF; Marschner, IC; Wakeling, A; Wall, DM; Zalcberg, JR, 1993)	0.57
"After previous treatment failure using tamoxifen either alone or in combination with kallikrein, 25 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT syndrome) were subjected to 3 months of treatment with pentoxifylline at a dosage of 1200 mg/day."	( Oral pentoxifylline in therapy-resistant idiopathic OAT syndrome. Ludvik, G; Maier, U; Szabo, N, )	0.4
" The issues under investigation include best chemotherapy dosage and duration, identification of risk factors and the role of preoperative chemotherapy."	( ["State of the art" of adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for breast cancer in Japan]. Ikeda, T, 1994)	0.29
" pretreatment with pentachlorophenol (20 mg/kg) 1 h before dosing with tamoxifen."	( Strong intensification of mouse hepatic tamoxifen DNA adduct formation by pretreatment with the sulfotransferase inhibitor and ubiquitous environmental pollutant pentachlorophenol. Bi, J; Mabon, N; Moorthy, B; Randerath, K; Sriram, P, 1994)	0.79
" Female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with equimolar doses of tamoxifen (11."	( Alterations of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities during tamoxifen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Ahotupa, M; Hirsimäki, P; Mäntylä, E; Pärssinen, R, 1994)	0.76
" Thus, tamoxifen dosage may be a critical factor in the subsequent occurrence of endometrial cancer."	( Descriptive clinicopathologic study of 17 patients with endometrial cancer during or after adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer. Fornander, T; Hellström, AC; Moberger, B, 1993)	0.96
" There were 102 male and 104 female controls dosed with vehicle alone."	( Two-year carcinogenicity study of tamoxifen in Alderley Park Wistar-derived rats. Goonetilleke, R; Greaves, P; Nunn, G; Orton, T; Topham, J, 1993)	0.57
" The dosage administered was estimated to be that necessary to achieve tissue concentrations within the low micromolar range, shown necessary to inhibit PKC in these tumors in vitro, and is approximately 5 times that used for standard antiestrogen therapy."	( Clinical and radiographic response in a minority of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas treated with high-dose tamoxifen. Apuzzo, ML; Conti, PS; Couldwell, WT; DeGiorgio, CM; Ehresmann, GR; Hinton, DR; Weiner, LP; Weiss, MH, 1993)	0.5
"In this nonblinded, controlled multicenter trial, postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive graded doses of toremifene and tamoxifen or no antiestrogen to assess dose-response levels and evaluation methodology."	( Antiestrogenic potency of toremifene and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women. Bump, RC; Gams, RA; Harry, DS; Hickox, PG; Homesley, HD; Mullin, TJ; O'Toole, RV; Rebar, RW; Shemano, I; Wentz, AC, 1993)	0.75
" No tumor was observed in the toremifene-treated rats (48 mg/kg per day) either after 52 weeks of dosing or after the recovery period."	( Tamoxifen induces hepatocellular carcinoma in rat liver: a 1-year study with two antiestrogens. Hirsimäki, P; Hirsimäki, Y; Nieminen, L; Payne, BJ, 1993)	1.73
" A dose-response curve was always consistently obtained using estradiol-17 beta (E2), with a mid point at around 100 nM E2 and a maximum response at around 1000 nM."	( Vitellogenin synthesis in cultured hepatocytes; an in vitro test for the estrogenic potency of chemicals. Bennetau, B; Dunoguès, J; Flouriot, G; Foucher, JL; Le Gac, F; Pelissero, C; Sumpter, JP, 1993)	0.29
" Three dosage schedules were used: single oral dose of 40 mg tamoxifen alone and in combination with 200 mg RU 486, and 40 mg tamoxifen for three consecutive days starting on the first day after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge."	( Effect of tamoxifen alone and in combination with RU 486 on the endometrium in the mid-luteal phase. Bygdeman, M; Cekan, S; Johannisson, E; Seppälä, M; Swahn, ML, 1993)	0.93
"0001; SR all dosing errors v MEMS all dosing errors, P < ."	( Adherence to oral tamoxifen: a comparison of patient self-report, pill counts, and microelectronic monitoring. Brenner, DE; Calzone, KA; Mele, C; Waterhouse, DM, 1993)	0.62
" Thus, under dosing conditions commonly used to assess uterotrophic activity, these "antiestrogens" are complete, albeit less potent, estrogen agonists in the luminal epithelium and, unlike estrogens, induce hypertrophy in the glandular epithelium."	( Differential sensitivity of rat uterine growth and epithelium hypertrophy to estrogens and antiestrogens. Branham, WS; Sheehan, DM; Zehr, DR, 1993)	0.29
"The authors describe three cases of tamoxifen-associated steatohepatitis, which resulted from a daily dosage of 20 mg used as the adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma."	( Tamoxifen-associated steatohepatitis--report of three cases. Baptista, A; Camilo, ME; de Costa, EB; de Moura, MC; Pinto, HC; Valente, A, 1995)	2.01
", approximately 35% [CR+PR] in unselected patients), although dosage regimens of the new antiestrogens are higher than the 20 mg tamoxifen required daily."	( Alternate antiestrogens and approaches to the prevention of breast cancer. Jordan, VC, 1995)	0.5
" Significant increases in the production of females were detected, but only in the groups receiving the highest dosage of estradiol-17 beta (1."	( Steroid-induced sex determination at incubation temperatures producing mixed sex ratios in a turtle with TSD. Crews, D; Wibbels, T, 1995)	0.29
" In OVX rats treated with DRO, body weight decreased significantly in a dose-response manner, and total serum cholesterol was significantly reduced by 65% to 70% compared to both sham and OVX controls."	( Effects of droloxifene on prevention of cancellous bone loss and bone turnover in the axial skeleton of aged, ovariectomized rats. Chen, HK; Jee, WS; Ke, HZ; Ma, YF; Pirie, CM; Qi, H; Simmons, HA; Thompson, DD, 1995)	0.29
" The log-rank test showed no statistical difference between the dosage groups."	( Therapeutic effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in advanced breast cancer. Bonnefoi, HR; Coombes, RC; da Luz, RJ; Dowsett, M; Houston, SJ; Powles, TJ; Rubens, RD; Smith, IE; Trunet, PF, 1996)	0.29
" In rats, long-term dosing leads to the development of hepatocellular tumours."	( Chemoprevention of breast cancer by tamoxifen: risks and opportunities. Smith, LL; White, IN, 1995)	0.57
" Five weeks of oral dosing confirmed that ethynyl estradiol, tamoxifen, and raloxifene are potent inhibitors of the loss in volumetric bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cc) induced by ovariectomy, as measured by computed tomography."	( Raloxifene, tamoxifen, nafoxidine, or estrogen effects on reproductive and nonreproductive tissues in ovariectomized rats. Bryant, HU; Rippy, MK; Sato, M, 1996)	0.91
" These include novel dosing and scheduling strategies, newer active agents, fresh biochemical targets, and different combinations of chemotherapy with hormonal therapy."	( Adjuvant drug therapy for operable breast cancer. Hudis, CA; Norton, L, 1996)	0.29
" The factors involved in the genesis of these lesions remain poorly understood but a combination of inherited factors and cumulative tamoxifen dosage may be important."	( The effects of tamoxifen on the uterus. Ismail, SM, 1996)	0.85
" We conclude that the dosage and schedule of vinblastine and tamoxifen used in this study is inactive in the treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer."	( A phase II evaluation of oral tamoxifen and intermittent intravenous vinblastine in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Esper, PS; Flaherty, LE; Pienta, KJ; Redman, BG, 1996)	0.82
" Tamoxifen did not induce malignancies in mice when administered according to dosing protocols that are effective in inducing hepatocellular carcinomas in rat liver."	( Review of the toxicology of tamoxifen. Wogan, GN, 1997)	1.5
" The higher dosage tamoxifen given group animals show significantly favourable results from therapy stand point when compared to diseased group."	( Effect of tamoxifen on lipids and lipid metabolising marker enzymes in experimental atherosclerosis in Wistar rats. Sachdanandam, P; Thangaraju, M; Vinitha, R, 1997)	1.03
" However, biochanin A, flavone, or chrysin could inhibit the activity of estradiol in a dose-response manner with IC50 values of 500 nM, 2 microM, and 10 microM, respectively."	( The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of phytochemicals with the human estrogen receptor expressed in yeast. Arnold, SF; Collins, BM; McLachlan, JA, 1997)	0.3
" Liver DNA from animals dosed with tamoxifen at 10 mg/kg also showed a similar increase in MF."	( Tamoxifen causes gene mutations in the livers of lambda/lacI transgenic rats. Davies, R; Festing, MF; Martin, EA; Oreffo, VI; Smith, LL; Styles, JA; White, IN, 1997)	2.02
" For the future, clinical trials and laboratory advances indicate that novel dosing and scheduling of chemotherapy agents combined with newer modalities may provide even greater impact against occult disseminated disease."	( Systemic treatment for stage I and stage II breast cancer. Borgen, P; Hudis, CA, 1997)	0.3
" Dose-response experiments showed no significant difference in the rate of LDL uptake when arteries were perfused with estradiol at physiological concentrations (0."	( Nitric oxide mediates LDL uptake in the artery wall in response to high concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol. Roberts, KA; Rutledge, JC; Woo, MM, 1997)	0.3
" We found no retinopathy in patients receiving tamoxifen within the first 3 years of treatment or in patients receiving a total tamoxifen dosage of less than 23."	( Retinal changes associated with tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. Hampton, J; Li, H; Locher, D; Pardo, G; Prager, T; Schiffman, J; Shields, J; Tang, R, 1997)	0.84
" The animals in group A were administered heparin (Liquemine) intraperitoneally at the dosage of 1000 IU/kg/day."	( Effect of medication on biomechanical properties of rabbit bones: heparin induced osteoporosis. Akkas, N; Delilbasi, E; Gunel, U; Turan, B; Yeni, YN, 1997)	0.3
" Using our dosage regimen, 'chemical oophorectomy' with leuprolide was not as effective as surgical oophorectomy in the prevention of chemical carcinogenesis by DMBA but was comparable to the results obtained with tamoxifen."	( Prevention of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinomas comparing leuprolide, oophorectomy, and tamoxifen. Brackett, DJ; Hanas, JS; Hollingsworth, AB; Lerner, MR; Lightfoot, SA; McCay, PB; Wilkerson, KB, 1998)	0.71
" Estrogenic effects of TAM were not detected with either dosage on the endometrium."	( Side effects of tamoxifen in oophorectomized rats. Akbaşak, B; Aksoy, T; Biotec, FT; Biotech, MG; Birincioglu, M; Burak, F; Erdem, F; Kafkasli, A; Müezzinoglu, B, 1998)	0.65
"The data suggests that TAM may not act as an estrogen receptor agonist with the given dosage on the endometrium in OX rats."	( Side effects of tamoxifen in oophorectomized rats. Akbaşak, B; Aksoy, T; Biotec, FT; Biotech, MG; Birincioglu, M; Burak, F; Erdem, F; Kafkasli, A; Müezzinoglu, B, 1998)	0.65
" No correlation was found between the duration of TAM therapy, the TAM dosage level or the ER or PR content in the adenomyotic or endometrial tissues."	( Estrogen and progesterone receptors of adenomyosis in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Altaras, MM; Bernheim, J; Beyth, Y; Cohen, I; Cordoba, M; Shapira, J; Tepper, R, 1998)	0.51
" Anastrozole is administered in a convenient, once-daily oral dosing regimen and does not require steroid replacement therapy."	( Anastrozole: a new addition to the armamentarium against advanced breast cancer. Buzdar, AU, 1998)	0.3
" The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 44: one group received tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg by mouth from day 5 to day 24 of the menstrual cycle, whilst a placebo was administered to the other group using the same dosage scheme."	( [Clinical efficacy of tamoxifen in the treatment of premenstrual mastodynia]. Cellura, A; Geranio, R; Grio, R; Piacentino, R; Porpiglia, M, 1998)	0.84
" The frequent adverse reactions observed in all dosing groups included hot flashes, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, sweating, and abnormal values in liver function tests."	( [Early phase II study of TAT-59 in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer--a multicenter dose finding study]. Abe, O; Aoyama, H; Tominaga, T, 1998)	0.3
" The results support the previously proposed concept of a relationship between the amphiphilic cationic character of a compound and its ability to cause intralysosomal storage of polar lipids after a high dosage treatment of these drugs in animals."	( Lipidosis induced in rat uteri by high doses of tamoxifen. Ioannidis, N, 1998)	0.56
" The dosage of tamoxifen administered was 200 mg/day to males and 160 mg/day to females given in a twice daily schedule."	( Treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas with chronic oral high-dose tamoxifen. Apuzzo, ML; Couldwell, WT; DeGiorgio, CM; Hinton, DR; Law, RE; Masri, L; Surnock, AA; Weiner, LP; Weiss, MH, 1996)	0.88
" Tamoxifen dosing was adjusted based on serum levels."	( Tamoxifen in liver disease: potential exacerbation of hepatic dysfunction. Cisneros, A; Floren, LC; Hebert, MF; Jordan, VC; Somberg, KA; Venook, AP, 1998)	2.65
"Prediction of the drug level in the volume of distribution was made using a numerical model taking into account the following facts: the kinetics of drug release out of the dosage form along the gastrointestinal tract, the kinetics of absorption in the blood compartment and the kinetics of elimination."	( Assessment of blood level with controlled-release dosage forms: effect of the rate constant of elimination of the drug. Aïnaoui, A; Vergnaud, JM, )	0.13
" This fact permits the use of high Drol Z dosage in order to achieve a relevant modulating effect in vivo and to use this drug in combination with a further modulator so as to reach maximum efficacy with tolerable side effects."	( In vitro efficacy of known P-glycoprotein modulators compared to droloxifene E and Z: studies on a human T-cell leukemia cell line and their resistant variants. Gieseler, F; Gullis, E; Hasmann, M; Löser, R; Nüssler, V; Pelka-Fleisc, R; Stötzer, O; Wilmanns, W; Zwierzina, H, 1998)	0.3
" Tamoxifen was administered orally in very high dosage to one child as monotherapy and to two children in combination with oral etoposide and dexamethasone."	( Clinical and radiographic response in three children with recurrent malignant cerebral tumors with high-dose tamoxifen. Ben Arush, MW; Constantini, S; el Hasid, R; Goldsher, D; Postovsky, S, )	1.25
" Tamoxifen citrate was administered orally at a fixed dosage of 80 mg/m2 as a single or a twice-daily dosage."	( Salvage chemotherapy with tamoxifen for recurrent anaplastic astrocytomas. Chamberlain, MC; Kormanik, PA, 1999)	1.51
" Following dosing with N-desmethyltamoxifen, the major product co-eluted with one of the main peaks seen following treatment of rats with tamoxifen."	( Further characterization of the DNA adducts formed in rat liver after the administration of tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen or N, N-didesmethyltamoxifen. Brown, K; Heydon, RT; Jukes, R; Martin, EA; White, IN, 1999)	0.8
" Tamoxifen dose-response effects were more pronounced among women with both previous ERT exposure and higher body mass index than among women in other risk groups."	( Tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk. Bernstein, L; Cerhan, JR; Deapen, D; Ford, L; Liff, J; McGann-Maloney, E; Perlman, JA; Schwartz, SM, 1999)	2.66
" Hence, using a range of dosing protocols, sub-cutaneous administration of genistein for periods of up to 1 week did not alter intestinal epithelial homeostasis."	( In vivo administration of genistein has no effect on small intestinal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, but a modest effect on clonogen survival. Booth, C; Hargreaves, DF; O'Shea, JA; Potten, CS, 1999)	0.3
" Interestingly, a dose-response study showed that Cre-ER(T2) was approximately 10-fold more sensitive to OHT induction than Cre-ER(T)."	( Temporally-controlled site-specific mutagenesis in the basal layer of the epidermis: comparison of the recombinase activity of the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ER(T) and Cre-ER(T2) recombinases. Bornert, JM; Brocard, J; Chambon, P; Indra, AK; Metzger, D; Warot, X; Xiao, JH, 1999)	0.51
" We attempted to improve its efficacy and decrease its toxicity by using decrescendo dosing of interleukin-2 (IL-2), posttreatment granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and low-dose tamoxifen."	( Advantages of concurrent biochemotherapy modified by decrescendo interleukin-2, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and tamoxifen for patients with metastatic melanoma. Boasberg, PD; Cannon, M; Edwards, S; Essner, R; Fawzy, NW; Foshag, LJ; Fournier, P; Gammon, G; Guo, M; Johnson, TD; Kristedja, TS; Martin, MA; Morton, DL; O'Day, SJ; Stern, S; Weisberg, M, 1999)	0.7
" Decrescendo IL-2 dosing and administration of G-CSF seemed to reduce toxicity, length of hospital stay, and readmission rates."	( Advantages of concurrent biochemotherapy modified by decrescendo interleukin-2, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and tamoxifen for patients with metastatic melanoma. Boasberg, PD; Cannon, M; Edwards, S; Essner, R; Fawzy, NW; Foshag, LJ; Fournier, P; Gammon, G; Guo, M; Johnson, TD; Kristedja, TS; Martin, MA; Morton, DL; O'Day, SJ; Stern, S; Weisberg, M, 1999)	0.51
" Therapeutic treatment with either idoxifene or estrogen (starting on day 10 of disease) of male and female Lewis rats also was effective in reducing paw inflammation in these animals, although the effect was much less than that observed with the prophylactic dosing protocol."	( Idoxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, is effective in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Badger, AM; Blake, SM; Dodds, RA; Gowen, M; Griswold, DE; Hoffman, SJ; Rieman, DJ; Stroup, GB; Swift, BA, 1999)	0.3
" Bicalutamide is also a nonsteroidal anti-androgen that offers the advantages of reduced dosage amounts and reduction in side effects."	( Anti-androgens and other hormonal therapies for prostate cancer. Richie, JP, 1999)	0.3
" Dose-response experiments indicated that the lowest stimulatory concentration of 17 beta-estradiol, DHT, and norgestrel is 10(-11) M, 10(-10) M, and 10(-10) M, respectively."	( The normal epithelial cell-specific 1 (NES1) gene is up-regulated by steroid hormones in the breast carcinoma cell line BT-474. Diamandis, EP; Grass, L; Luo, LY, )	0.13
" Efficiencies and potencies of several isomers were calculated by fitting experimental data with a logistic dose-response function."	( Agonistic and synergistic activity of tamoxifen in a yeast model system. Graumann, K; Jungbauer, A, 2000)	0.58
" Dosage with tamoxifen must be tailored to individual patient requirement and symptom control balanced against troublesome side-effects."	( Management of breast pain. Faiz, O; Fentiman, IS, 2000)	0.68
" Using these standard markers, we analyzed the hepatic DNA adducts of female DBA/2 mice treated with tamoxifen at a dosage of 120 mg/kg/day for 7 days by (32)P-post-labeling coupled with an HPLC/radioactive detector."	( Identification of hepatic tamoxifen-DNA adducts in mice: alpha-(N(2)-deoxyguanosinyl)tamoxifen and alpha-(N(2)-deoxyguanosinyl)tamoxifen N-oxide. Kanno, Y; Komaki, K; Lin, CX; Momen, MA; Monden, Y; Ravindernath, A; Shibutani, S; Suwa, M; Suzuki, M; Ueyama, Y; Umemoto, A, 2000)	0.82
" The dose-response effects of phenol red were compared directly to those of E2."	( Estrogen mitogenic action. III. is phenol red a "red herring"? Moreno-Cuevas, JE; Sirbasku, DA, )	0.13
" The prophylactic use of this agent in women susceptible to development of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer could, therefore, be tested using a once-daily dosing schedule similar to those of other hormone-replacement therapy regimens."	( Pharmacokinetics of (deaminohydroxy)toremifene in humans: a new, selective estrogen-receptor modulator. DeGregorio, MW; Erkkola, RU; Halonen, KH; Huupponen, RK; Taras, TL; Wurz, GT, 2000)	0.31
"The combination of GM-CSF with biochemotherapy is feasible and there appears to be a dose-response relationship with GM-CSF in terms of host immunological response, and possibly clinical efficacy."	( GM-CSF with biochemotherapy (cisplatin, DTIC, tamoxifen, IL-2 and interferon-alpha): a phase I trial in melanoma. A'Hern, RP; Ayliffe, MJ; Eisen, T; Gore, ME; Hill, ME; Johnston, SR; Moore, J; Riches, PG; Thomas, JM; Vaughan, MM, 2000)	0.57
") for 6 weeks to female lambda/lacI transgenic rats caused a 4-fold increase in mutation frequency (MF) at the lacI gene locus in the livers of dosed animals compared with controls."	( Tamoxifen mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in livers of lambda/lacI transgenic rats: selective influence of phenobarbital promotion. Davies, R; Fenwick, S; Smith, LL; Styles, JA; Walker, J; White, IN, 2001)	1.75
" I33' may have accounted for Vg increases observed in trout fed I3C as it is present in liver after oral dosing at concentrations (70 microM) expected to maximally induce Vg."	( 3,3'-diindolylmethane, a major condensation product of indole-3-carbinol, is a potent estrogen in the rainbow trout. Carlson, DB; Katchamart, S; Shilling, AD; Williams, DE, 2001)	0.31
"Retrospective dose-response data suggest that a boost of about 15 Gy to the tumor bed following whole-breast radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence (IBTR) by as much as 2-fold."	( Which patients don't need a tumor-bed boost after whole-breast radiotherapy? Kurtz, JM, 2001)	0.31
" Toxicity management consisted of dosage reduction or treatment delay; treatment often was discontinued."	( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: tolerability and toxicity. Goram, AL; Richmond, PL, 2001)	0.31
" In rats dosed intraperitoneally, the relative order of binding was alpha-hydroxytamoxifen > tamoxifen > 3-hydroxytamoxifen approximately 4-hydroxytamoxifen."	( DNA adduct formation and mutant induction in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with tamoxifen and its derivatives. Beland, FA; Gamboa da Costa, G; Heflich, RH; Marques, MM; McDaniel-Hamilton, LP, 2001)	0.77
" The reason is that the appropriate dosage is not identical to that of Western countries."	( [Developments of hormonal agents for breast cancer]. Tominaga, T, 2001)	0.31
" Tamoxifen induced increased cell cycle activity in the livers of rats following gavage dosing at all sampling times (1-12 weeks), whereas toremifene had no effect on the incidence of cycling in hepatic cells, demonstrating that the hepatic cell proliferation is not a general response to anti-oestrogen treatment."	( Delayed effects of tamoxifen in hepatocarcinogenesis-resistant Fischer 344 rats as compared with susceptible strains. Carthew, P; Davies, R; Higginson, F; Martin, E; Stanley, LA; Styles, JA, 2001)	1.55
" Uterine adenomyosis was found in all (14 of 14) mice dosed with tamoxifen and most mice (12 of 14) treated with toremifene, but in none of the vehicle-dosed controls, in only one animal treated with raloxifene at 42 and 90 days after dosing and in none of the mice treated with estradiol at 42 days."	( Adenomyosis--a result of disordered stromal differentiation. Butterworth, M; Greaves, P; Green, A; Parrott, E; White, IN, 2001)	0.55
" We have examined the dose-response relationship of tamoxifen-induced DNA adducts in the liver and the subsequent increase in the development of liver cancer, with and without phenobarbital promotion."	( Cumulative exposure to tamoxifen: DNA adducts and liver cancer in the rat. Carthew, P; Edwards, RE; Heydon, RT; Lee, PN; Martin, EA; Nolan, BM, 2001)	0.87
" Even if the single and total dosage of antiestrogens given to the patient is sufficient to cause tamoxifen retinopathy, this diagnosis can be excluded because, in tamoxifen retinopathy unlike in the case presented here, the deposits are not distributed in all retinal layers."	( Tamoxifen side effects, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or cancer associated retinopathy (CAR)? Apfelstedt-Sylla, E; Kriegbaum, C; Sadowski, B, )	1.79
" It has not yet been demonstrated conclusively that HER2 positivity increases resistance to adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU (CMF), but there are indications that HER2-positive patients benefit more from adequately dosed anthracyclines than from CMF."	( The predictive value of HER2 in breast cancer. Di Leo, A; Larsimont, D; Lohrisch, C; Piccart, M, 2001)	0.31
" A study evaluating time-dependent alterations in the PK profile of TAM showed no change in apparent oral clearance (Cl(app)) during two weeks of chronic dosing with TAM."	( Molecular and pharmacokinetic evaluation of rat hepatic and gastrointestinal cytochrome p450 induction by tamoxifen. Cotreau, MM; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; von Moltke, LL, 2001)	0.52
" Estradiol induced stimulation of proliferation was inhibited by a dosage >1 microg/ml of extract concentration, gene expression was suppressed by doses of 100-1000 microg/ml of Cimicifuga racemosa extracts."	( Antiestrogenic activities of Cimicifuga racemosa extracts. Bodinet, C; Kolba, S; Vollmer, G; Wulf, M; Zierau, O, 2002)	0.31
"The cytotoxicity of the selected systemic and intravitreally dosed drugs tamoxifen, toremifene, chloroquine, 5-fluorouracil, gentamicin and ganciclovir was studied in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro."	( Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of selected systemic and intravitreally dosed drugs in the cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial cell line and of pig primary retinal pigment epithelial cells. Diehl, H; Engelke, M; Huhtala, A; Mäenpää, H; Mannerström, M; Mäntylä, E; Mäntylä, M; Marselos, M; Pappas, P; Salminen, L; Tähti, H; Toimela, T; Uusitalo, H; Zorn-Kruppa, M, 2002)	0.55
" Immature Sprague-Dawley female rats (21 days of age) were dosed daily for 20 days by oral gavage (DES, tamoxifen, and flutamide) or sc injection (testosterone)."	( Evaluation of the 20-day pubertal female assay in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DES, tamoxifen, testosterone, and flutamide. Han, SY; Kang, IH; Kim, HS; Kim, IY; Kim, TS; Moon, HJ; Park, KL; Seok, JH; Shin, JH, 2002)	0.75
" Cumulative dose-response vasorelaxation to idoxifene (0."	( Idoxifene causes endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation in male rats. Christopher, TA; Gao, E; Gao, F; Lopez, BL; Ma, XL; Ohlstein, EH; Stillwagon, JC; Yue, TL, 2002)	0.31
" Preclinical research has demonstrated that the estrogen dose-response curve for breast cancer cells can be shifted by modification of the estrogen environment."	( Estrogen as therapy for breast cancer. Ingle, JN, 2002)	0.31
" Tamoxifen forms liver DNA adducts in both short- and long-term dosing of rodents, and DNA adducts have also been reported in tissues of women undergoing tamoxifen therapy."	( DNA adducts formed from 4-hydroxytamoxifen are more mutagenic than those formed by alpha-acetoxytamoxifen in a shuttle vector target gene replicated in human Ad293 cells. Brown, K; Farmer, PB; Gaskell, M; Martin, EA; McLuckie, KI; Roberts, GC; Routledge, MN, 2002)	1.51
" Ovary weight, uterus weight, peak plasma GH concentration, and hepatic CYP2A1 content were decreased 37 days after treatment with tamoxifen at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, but expression of other P450 enzymes was not affected."	( Persistent suppression of hepatic CYP2A1 expression and serum triiodothyronine levels by tamoxifen in intact female rats: dose-response analysis and comparison with 4-hydroxytamoxifen, fulvestrant (ICI 182,780), and 17beta-estradiol-3-benzoate. Bandiera, SM; Ickenstein, LM, 2002)	0.74
" Dosing with 25 microM genistein at 0 and 12 hours after inoculation of BHV-1 was optimal for decreasing BHV-1 replication."	( Effect of genistein on replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1. Akula, SM; Chase, CC; Hurley, DJ; Wang, C; Wixon, RL, 2002)	0.31
" The potent estrogen suppressive action and simple dosage regimen of anastrozole suggest it may be advantageous compared to other aromatase inhibitors such as testolactone or anti-estrogens."	( Effective aromatase inhibition by anastrozole in a patient with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty in McCune-Albright syndrome. Albers, N; Freiberg, C; Roth, C; Zappel, H, 2002)	0.31
" A total of 329 patients from 10 centers in 9 countries in the Asia-Pacific region enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of TMX 120 mg/d (TMX120) against P as a control arm with an intermediate dosage of TMX 60 mg/d (TMX60) to assess possible dose response."	( High-dose tamoxifen in the treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Chow, PK; Johnson, PJ; Machin, D; Soo, KC; Tai, BC; Tan, CK; Win, KM, 2002)	0.72
"Oral dosing of CD-1 mice on days 2-5 after birth with tamoxifen but not raloxifene disrupts the development of the myometrium, resulting in adult uterine adenomyosis."	( Comparison of the effect of oestradiol, tamoxifen and raloxifene on nerve growth factor-alpha expression in specific neonatal mouse uterine cell types using laser capture microdissection. Edwards, RE; Greaves, P; Green, AR; White, IN, 2003)	0.83
" Dose-response experiments with six selected compounds were carried out using two different human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and the tamoxifen resistant cell line MCF-/TAM(R)-1."	( N-Alkoxypyrazoles as biomimetics for the alkoxyphenyl group in tamoxifen. Barfoed, M; Begtrup, M; Gissel, B; Huusfeldt, PO; Jakobsen, P; Lundin Brockdorff, B; Lykkesfeldt, AE; Vedsø, P; Wenckens, M, 2003)	0.76
" After oral dosing in mice, tam and the potent metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-hydroxytam), were detectable in liver and lung tissue, but not in serum."	( Tamoxifen administration and metabolism in nude mice and nude rats. Gjerde, J; Kisanga, ER; Lien, EA; Mellgren, G; Schjøtt, J, 2003)	2
" Several blood biomarkers showed dose-response relationships with tamoxifen, including decreased insulin-like growth factor-I, increased sex hormone-binding globulin, and decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and antithrombin-III levels."	( A randomized trial of low-dose tamoxifen on breast cancer proliferation and blood estrogenic biomarkers. Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Goldhirsch, A; Johansson, H; Kisanga, ER; Lien, EA; Luini, A; Mora, S; Pelosi, G; Pigatto, F; Robertson, C; Sandri, MT; Torrisi, R; Veronesi, P; Veronesi, U; Viale, G, 2003)	0.84
"3-fold after dosing TAT-59 and 500 microM fosphenytoin, respectively."	( Absorption rate limit considerations for oral phosphate prodrugs. Fleisher, D; Flynn, G; Forsberg, M; Heimbach, T; Leppänen, J; Li, LY; Matsunaga, Y; Oh, DM; Savolainen, J, 2003)	0.32
" The prolonged-release properties of this formulation suggested that it may be well suited for the once-monthly dosing schedule intended for clinical use."	( Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fulvestrant prolonged-release intramuscular injection in postmenopausal women awaiting surgery for primary breast cancer. Harrison, MP; Holcombe, C; Kohlhardt, SR; Odling-Smee, W; Robertson, JF, 2003)	0.32
"291 for the linear dose-response trend)."	( Effect of tamoxifen at low doses on ultrasensitive C-reactive protein in healthy women. Bonanni, B; Decensi, A; Gandini, S; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Johansson, H; Lien, EA; Mariette, F; Sandri, MT, 2003)	0.72
" Studies reviewed evaluate the role of aromatase inhibitors, incorporation of taxanes into chemotherapy regimens, novel dosage schedules, and supportive care with epoetin alfa."	( Recent advances in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Palmieri, FM; Perez, EA, 2003)	0.32
" We investigated concentrations of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and N-didesmethyltamoxifen in serum, normal breast, and breast cancer tissues during conventional dosage and two low-dose regimens."	( Tamoxifen and metabolite concentrations in serum and breast cancer tissue during three dose regimens in a randomized preoperative trial. Decensi, A; Gjerde, J; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Kisanga, ER; Lien, EA; Pelosi, G; Pesci-Feltri, A; Pigatto, F; Robertson, C; Serrano, D, 2004)	2.04
"33 mM in the ST cross only and without a clear dose-response effect."	( Genotoxicity of tamoxifen citrate and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Castañeda-Partida, L; Contreras-Sousa, M; Dueñas-García, I; Durán-Díaz, A; Graf, U; Heres-Pulido, ME; Sánchez-García, A, 2004)	0.67
" Full thickness human skin was dosed with 500 microl saturated solution of tamoxifen in borage oil (25% GLA) and the simultaneous permeation of the two actives determined."	( Simultaneous permeation of tamoxifen and gamma linolenic acid across excised human skin. Further evidence of the permeation of solvated complexes. Harwood, JL; Heard, CM; Karia, C; Morris, AP, 2004)	0.85
"In the present experiment we evaluated the dose-response effects of estrogen (estradiol benzoate; EB) and tamoxifen (TMX) in modulating the acute behavioral and chronic effects of methamphetamine (MA) upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) system in ovariectomized (OVX) mice."	( Dose-response effects of estrogen and tamoxifen upon methamphetamine-induced behavioral responses and neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in female mice. Dluzen, DE; Mickley, KR, 2004)	0.81
" This was prevented by ormeloxifene and the effect, though apparently more in females supplemented with higher dose of ormeloxifene, was not always significantly different and clear dose-response was not evident until BMD data was evaluated on T-/Z-score basis."	( In vitro anti-resorptive activity and prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in female Sprague-Dawley rats by ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Arshad, M; Ghosh, R; Sawlani, V; Sengupta, S; Sharma, S; Singh, MM, 2004)	0.32
" DES alone affected mammary growth (an inverted-U-shaped dose-response curve) both in male and female mice."	( Mouse bioassay to assess oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic compounds: hydroxytamoxifen, diethylstilbestrol and genistein. Köhlerová, E; Skarda, J, 2004)	0.55
"Rats were injected subcutaneously with peanut oil (vehicle) or tamoxifen at a dosage of 20 or 200 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days."	( Tamoxifen alters hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme expression and circulating growth hormone levels in intact male rats. Bandiera, SM; Holsmer, SL; Ickenstein, LM, 2004)	2.01
" The dosage of tamoxifen was extrapolated from the human dosage."	( Plasma leptin concentration in tamoxifen-treated ovariectomized rats. Hakamata, Y; Hozumi, Y; Nagai, H, 2005)	0.97
" Also, TAS-108 strongly inhibited tumor growth in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary carcinomain the rat, the endogenous E2 model, at a dosage of 1 to 3 mg/kg/day."	( TAS-108, a novel oral steroidal antiestrogenic agent, is a pure antagonist on estrogen receptor alpha and a partial agonist on estrogen receptor beta with low uterotrophic effect. Aoyagi, Y; Asao, T; Buzdar, AU; Hashimoto, A; Sato, K; Shibata, J; Terada, T; Wierzba, K; Yamamoto, Y; Yano, S; Yonekura, K, 2005)	0.33
"Consistent with previous reports, the dose-response of the E2 effect on the PR expression indicated an ED(50) value of approximately 60 pM and the maximum induction of PR mRNA was nearly ten-fold."	( Endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen) has anti-estrogenic effects in breast cancer cells with potency similar to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Desta, Z; Flockhart, DA; Lim, YC; Skaar, TC, 2005)	0.61
" However, critical requirements of this system are that the nuclear localization of the transgene product be tightly regulated, that the dosage of the inducing agent remains consistent among experimental animals and that the transgene cassette cannot express in the absence of the inducing agent."	( Cross-contamination with tamoxifen induces transgene expression in non-exposed inducible transgenic mice. Begley, CG; Brake, RL; Simmons, PJ, 2004)	0.63
" The neonatal mouse, exquisitely sensitive to xenobiotic estrogens, has been used to investigate the effects of short-term oral dosing with tamoxifen (1 mg/kg on days 2-5 after birth) on long-term changes in uterine pathology and gene expression."	( Neonatal tamoxifen treatment of mice leads to adenomyosis but not uterine cancer. Al-Azzawi, F; Edwards, RE; Gant, TW; Gray, D; Greaves, P; Green, AR; Parrott, EL; Smith, AG; Styles, JA; White, IN, 2005)	0.95
" drug dosage and selection."	( Role of cytochrome P450 activity in the fate of anticancer agents and in drug resistance: focus on tamoxifen, paclitaxel and imatinib metabolism. Rochat, B, 2005)	0.55
" The significance of treatment dosage and duration was obvious when 5-DFUR and Tam cotreatment was observed to be antagonistic in 3-day cultures of a second MCF-7 subline and T47D cells."	( Combination of 5-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and tamoxifen show cell-type specific antagonistic and cooperative effects on cytotoxicity in human mammary carcinoma cells. Bollig, A; Du, QQ; Fan, ST; Liao, J; Sarkar, FH; Yu, B, 2005)	0.59
" Treatment with tamoxifen, in a dosage of 20 mg twice a day for more than 1(1/2) years, completely resolved the neck mass (substantiated by follow-up magnetic resonance imaging) and relieved the signs and symptoms of compression of the neck."	( A case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen: another successful outcome. Jung, YJ; Muehlenbein, SJ; Rhodes, R; Rich, FA; Schaub, CR, )	0.74
" A dose-response significant inhibition of the capillary-like formation was detected when increasing concentrations of tamoxifen, ilomastat, or echistatin were added for 1 week to the culture medium of the ERCT."	( In vitro evaluation of the angiostatic potential of drugs using an endothelialized tissue-engineered connective tissue. Auger, FA; Berthod, F; Germain, L; Tremblay, PL, 2005)	0.54
" Dose-response curves of different ligands could be obtained for each receptor interaction."	( Diffusion-time distribution analysis reveals characteristic ligand-dependent interaction patterns of nuclear receptors in living cells. Izewska, P; Jankevics, H; Leufgen, K; Pick, H; Prummer, M; Vogel, H, 2005)	0.33
" Ospemifene (N = 18), tamoxifen (N = 20) and raloxifene (N = 17), each dosed at 50 mg/kg, were administered daily by oral gavage, in combination with 20 microg DMBA for the first 6 weeks."	( Ospemifene inhibits the growth of dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors in Sencar mice. Beckett, LA; Degregorio, MW; Gregg, JP; Marchisano-Karpman, C; Read, KC; Wurz, GT; Yu, Q, 2005)	0.64
" Two different clones of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were exposed to highly homogeneous 50Hz electromagnetic fields and IC(50) values were calculated from dose-response curves of tamoxifen at various field intensities."	( Induction of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by ELF electromagnetic fields. Girgert, R; Gründker, C; Hanf, V; Körner, W; Schimming, H, 2005)	0.89
" Eighty-six percent of patients achieved acceptable dosing of TAM."	( Phase 2 trial of radiation plus high-dose tamoxifen for glioblastoma multiforme: RTOG protocol BR-0021. Brachman, DG; Choucair, AK; Demas, WF; Mehta, MP; Robins, HI; Schultz, CJ; Seiferheld, WF; Won, M, 2006)	0.6
" Dose-response analyses revealed a structure-activity relationship where the larger the side-chain the higher the inhibitory potency."	( Functional inhibition of intestinal and uterine muscles by non-permeant triphenylethylene derivatives. Díaz, M; García Marrero, B; Gómez, T; Marrero-Alonso, J, 2006)	0.33
" If the results are further confirmed in the clinical trials, the tamoxifen dosage should be adjusted when tamoxifen is administered with quercetin or quercetin-containing dietary supplements in order to avoid potential drug interactions."	( Enhanced bioavailability of tamoxifen after oral administration of tamoxifen with quercetin in rats. Choi, JS; Li, X; Shin, SC, 2006)	0.86
" The compounds were dosed (s."	( Histopathology and histomorphometry of the urogenital tract in 15-month old male and female rats treated neonatally with SERMs and estrogens. Karlsson, S, 2006)	0.33
" Thirty-six women received TMX at a 20-mg dosage and 30 women received no ovulation-induction drugs."	( Tamoxifen citrate for women with unexplained infertility. Shokeir, TA, 2006)	1.78
": Forty-four eyes of 22 women receiving tamoxifen at a dosage of 20 mg/day for at least 6 months for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and 30 eyes of 15 healthy age-matched women were examined for corneal drug deposition by slitlamp after pupil dilation."	( Clinical and in vivo confocal microscopy findings in patients receiving tamoxifen citrate. Kanpolat, A; Muftuoglu, O; Uçakhan, OO, 2006)	0.83
" Liquid formulations (PG:PEG400:H2O) provided higher oral bioavailability than solid formulations dissolved and dosed as aqueous oral solutions."	( Pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after intravenous and oral dosing of tamoxifen-hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin formulations. Buchanan, CM; Buchanan, NL; Edgar, KJ; Little, JL; Malcolm, MO; Ruble, KM; Wacher, VJ; Wempe, MF, 2007)	0.66
" Low dosage endocrine agent-induced anthracycline sensitization may be independent of mitochondrial toxicity."	( Medroxyprogesterone and tamoxifen augment anti-proliferative efficacy and reduce mitochondria-toxicity of epirubicin in FM3A tumor cells in vitro. Altinoz, MA; Bilir, A; Gedikoglu, G; Muslumanoglu, M; Oktem, G; Ozcan, E, 2007)	0.65
"Adult, ovariectomized, female Macaca fascicularis, n = 3 per group, orally dosed for 12 weeks with vehicle; selective estrogen receptor modulator 393 (2, 4, or 8 mg/kg/day); selective estrogen receptor modulator 379 (4 mg/kg per day); raloxifene (3 mg/kg per day); tamoxifen (1 mg/kg per day); or ethinyl estradiol (3 microg/kg per day)."	( Effects of two novel selective estrogen receptor modulators, raloxifene, tamoxifen, and ethinyl estradiol on the uterus, vagina and breast in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Brown, KH; Cline, JM; Hutchison, J; Lees, CJ; Lundeen, S; Register, TC; Sikoski, P, 2007)	0.75
" In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of 100 mg coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), 10 mg riboflavin and 50 mg niacin (CoRN) one dosage per day along with 10 mg tamoxifen (TAM) twice a day."	( Effect of coenzyme Q10, riboflavin and niacin on serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy. Gangadaran, SG; Premkumar, VG; Sachdanandam, P; Vijayasarathy, K; Yuvaraj, S, 2007)	0.74
" Dose-response studies in the same rat model demonstrated that more than 90% inhibition of STS activity in tumors was necessary to induce tumor shrinkage."	( A novel steroidal selective steroid sulfatase inhibitor KW-2581 inhibits sulfated-estrogen dependent growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in animal models. Akinaga, S; Anazawa, H; Ishida, H; Kuwabara, T; Li, PK; Murakata, C; Nakata, T; Sato, N; Shiotsu, Y; Suzuki, M; Takebayashi, M; Tanaka, H; Terasaki, Y, 2007)	0.34
" Depending on the intended indication and dosing regimen, PPL can delay or stop development of a compound in the drug discovery process."	( Evaluation of a published in silico model and construction of a novel Bayesian model for predicting phospholipidosis inducing potential. Gehlhaar, D; Greene, N; Johnson, TO; Pelletier, DJ; Tilloy-Ellul, A, )	0.13
" In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of CoQ(10) 100 mg, riboflavin 10 mg and niacin 50 mg, one dosage per day along with tamoxifen 10 mg twice a day."	( Serum cytokine levels of interleukin-1beta, -6, -8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen and supplemented with co-enzyme Q(10), riboflavin and niacin. Gangadaran, SG; Premkumar, VG; Sachdanandam, P; Vijayasarathy, K; Yuvaraj, S, 2007)	0.73
"The effects of subcutaneous dosing of neonatal CD-1 mice with tamoxifen on days 1-5 after birth at doses of 0, 5, 10, 25 or 50 microg/pup or with 4-hydroxyoestradiol at 2 microg/pup have been investigated."	( Absence of uterine tumours in CD-1 mice treated neonatally with subcutaneous tamoxifen or 4-hydroxyoestradiol. Edwards, R; Greaves, P; Razvi, N; Styles, J; White, IN, 2007)	0.81
" Interestingly, licoflavone C exhibited a dose-dependent antagonistic activity at concentrations up to 10(-4) M, but stimulated beta-galactosidase expression at higher concentrations resulting in a U-shaped-like dose-response curve."	( Estradiol-antagonistic activity of phenolic compounds from leguminous plants. Bertoli, A; Garritano, S; Noccioli, C; Pinto, B; Pistelli, L; Reali, D, 2008)	0.35
" Overall, the NMPC algorithm is suitable for dosing chemotherapeutics with regular administration schedules and may be adapted for regularly administered chemotherapeutics other than tamoxifen."	( Nonlinear model predictive control for dosing daily anticancer agents using a novel saturating-rate cell-cycle model. Eiseman, JL; Florian, JA; Parker, RS, 2008)	0.54
" In the present study, we examined the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and DNA adduct forming potential of ospemifene in the liver and endometrium of rhesus macaques following single and subchronic dosing schedules to better understand the potential toxicologic effects of ospemifene."	( Pharmacologic effects of ospemifene in rhesus macaques: a pilot study. DeGregorio, MW; Hellmann-Blumberg, U; Wurz, GT, 2008)	0.35
" It has been also proposed that negative results might be explained if tamoxifen acts in HCC via an estrogen receptor-independent pathway, that requires higher doses than those usually administered, but an Asian RCT conducted to assess dose-response effect was completely negative."	( Is human hepatocellular carcinoma a hormone-responsive tumor? Daniele, B; De Maio, E; Di Maio, M; Gallo, C; Morabito, A; Perrone, F; Piccirillo, MC; Pignata, S, 2008)	0.58
" In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of CoQ(10) 100 mg, riboflavin 10 mg and niacin 50 mg (CoRN), one dosage per day along with tamoxifen (TAM) 10 mg twice a day."	( Anti-angiogenic potential of CoenzymeQ10, riboflavin and niacin in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy. Premkumar, VG; Sachdanandam, P; Sathish, S; Shanthi, P; Yuvaraj, S, )	0.54
" This may represent a novel approach to preparing convenient dosage forms of poorly soluble drugs."	( Stable nanocolloids of poorly soluble drugs with high drug content prepared using the combination of sonication and layer-by-layer technology. Agarwal, A; Lvov, Y; Sawant, R; Torchilin, V, 2008)	0.35
"All four assays performed well in the ZFL cells and led to reproducible dose-response curves for all test compounds."	( Comparison of four different colorimetric and fluorometric cytotoxicity assays in a zebrafish liver cell line. Bopp, SK; Lettieri, T, 2008)	0.35
" The increased bioavailability of tamoxifen in the presence of morin should be taken into consideration for dosage regimens due to potential drug interaction."	( Effects of morin on the bioavailability of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Choi, JS; Piao, YJ; Shin, SC, )	0.67
" The cumulative dosage of epirubicin that carries a 5% risk of cardiotoxicity was lower than previously assumed and was dependent on risks of both cardiotoxicity and overall mortality."	( New insight into epirubicin cardiac toxicity: competing risks analysis of 1097 breast cancer patients. Andersen, PK; Cortese, G; Nielsen, D; Nielsen, G; Ryberg, M; Skovsgaard, T, 2008)	0.35
" Further studies on higher animals and dosage and timing are required."	( The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Acaroglu, E; Akel, I; Alanay, A; Bozkurt, G; Kocak, O; Marcucio, R, 2009)	0.35
" To be included in the meta-analysis, RCTs had to compare gabapentin with placebo in the treatment of hot flashes in women with natural or tamoxifen-induced menopause, regardless of the sample size, dosage used, duration of treatment, or frequency of the episodes."	( Gabapentin for the treatment of hot flashes in women with natural or tamoxifen-induced menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Goulis, DG; Kouvelas, D; Toulis, KA; Tzellos, T, 2009)	0.79
" Careful attention to controls, reduced tamoxifen dosing and/or use of raloxifene is advised with this model."	( Avoidance of transient cardiomyopathy in cardiomyocyte-targeted tamoxifen-induced MerCreMer gene deletion models. Bedja, D; Gabrielson, KL; Kass, DA; Koitabashi, N; Pinto, YM; Takimoto, E; Zaiman, AL; Zhang, M, 2009)	0.86
" Mice survival rate after single peroral introduction of indomethofene radioprotective doses was comparable with that resulting from referencing preparation estrofeme, which is estradiol oral dosage from (under the assumption that in contrast to indometafene estrofeme was introduced repeatedly every other day from 3 till 21 day after irradiation)."	( [Therapeutic action of radioprotector indometofen]. Mikhaĭlov, PP; Shliakov, TG, )	0.13
" Factors that may contribute to poor compliance and persistence with current osteoporosis therapies include drug intolerance, complexity of dosing regimens, and poor understanding of the relative benefit and risk with treatment."	( Current and emerging pharmacologic therapies for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lewiecki, EM, 2009)	0.35
" Optical microscopy/spectroscopy, time-dependent dose-response data, and estrogen competition studies indicate that augmented activity is due to increased rates of intracellular tamoxifen transport by nanoparticle endocytosis, rather than by passive diffusion of the free drug."	( Tamoxifen-poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol gold nanoparticle conjugates: enhanced potency and selective delivery for breast cancer treatment. Dreaden, EC; El-Sayed, MA; Mwakwari, SC; Oyelere, AK; Sodji, QH, 2009)	1.99
" Therefore, her tamoxifen dosage was increased to 20 mg twice/day."	( Tamoxifen malabsorption after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: case series and review of the literature. Bestul, D; Decker, D; Kuwajerwala, N; Wills, SM; Zekman, R, 2010)	2.15
" Many factors contribute to adherence behavior, such as complex dosing or administration requirements, cost, and a lack of understanding of the importance of adherence."	( Nonadherence in patients with breast cancer receiving oral therapies. Moore, S, 2010)	0.36
" In pre-menopausal breast cancer PM or IM patients, an increase in dosage of tamoxifen or a treatment with LH-RH analogues with aromatase inhibitors (AI) may be beneficial instead of the actual recommendations of a 5-year tamoxifen therapy."	( [CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen: therapeutic perspectives in the management of hormonodependent breast cancer patients]. Barrière, J; Ferrero, JM; Formento, JL; Milano, G, 2010)	0.89
" If these results are confirmed in clinical trials, the tamoxifen dosage should be adjusted when tamoxifen is administered with silybinin or silybinin-containing dietary supplements."	( Effects of silybinin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats. Choi, JS; Choi, SJ; Kim, CS; Li, C; Park, CY, 2010)	0.86
" It is important that fertility preservation strategies are addressed before chemotherapy, because chemotherapy may induce premature ovarian failure (depending on the woman's age, the drugs used, the dosage and duration of treatment)."	( Reproduction after breast cancer. Iatrakis, G; Navrozoglou, I; Zervoudis, S, 2010)	0.36
"Increased coactivator mRNA levels seem to be an early response to tamoxifen without dose-response relationship in the 1- to 20-mg range."	( Effect of low-dose tamoxifen on steroid receptor coactivator 3/amplified in breast cancer 1 in normal and malignant human breast tissue. Bonanni, B; De Censi, A; DeCensi, A; Gandini, S; Gjerde, J; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Haugan Moi, LL; Hauglid Flågeng, M; Lazzeroni, M; Lien, EA; Mellgren, G, 2010)	0.93
" We provide an important quantitative and statistical framework for designing CreER(T)-based experiments and choosing tamoxifen dosing paradigms."	( Tamoxifen dose response and conditional cell marking: is there control? Ellisor, D; Zervas, M, 2010)	2.01
" Well designed studies are needed to demonstrate superiority of pharmoacogenetics to conventional dosing regimes."	( Pharmacogenetics in palliative care. Kleine-Brueggeney, M; Musshoff, F; Stamer, UM; Stuber, F, 2010)	0.36
"Adenomyosis, which became more serious as age increased, was successfully induced in dosed ICR mice."	( Accumulation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the uterus and dorsal root ganglia in a mouse model of adenomyosis. Bao, L; Li, Y; Xia, X; Zhang, SF; Zou, SE, 2011)	0.37
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" In this study, we evaluated the effect of valproic acid (VPA) in ICR mice with adenomyosis, induced by neonatal dosing with tamoxifen."	( Valproic acid alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis. Guo, SW; Liu, X, 2011)	0.58
" This test could contribute to the personalization and optimization of tamoxifen treatment, but it needs additional validation and simplification before being applicable in future dosing strategies."	( Dextromethorphan as a phenotyping test to predict endoxifen exposure in patients on tamoxifen treatment. Beijnen, JH; de Graan, AJ; de Jongh, FE; de Vos, AI; de Vos, FY; Loos, WJ; Mathijssen, RH; Seynaeve, C; Teunissen, SF; van Alphen, RJ; van der Holt, B; van Schaik, RH; Verweij, J, 2011)	0.83
"We examined the feasibility of using CYP2D6 genotyping to determine optimal tamoxifen dose and investigated whether the key active tamoxifen metabolite, endoxifen, could be increased by genotype-guided tamoxifen dosing in patients with intermediate CYP2D6 metabolism."	( Genotype-guided tamoxifen dosing increases active metabolite exposure in women with reduced CYP2D6 metabolism: a multicenter study. Anderson, SM; Canale, ST; Carey, LA; Chiu, WK; Corso, SW; Dees, EC; Desta, Z; Evans, JP; Flockhart, DA; Friedman, KJ; Graham, ML; Ibrahim, JG; Irvin, WJ; McLeod, HL; Moore, SG; Ogburn, ET; Olajide, OA; Peppercorn, JM; Raab, RE; Walko, CM; Weck, KE, 2011)	0.94
"This study demonstrates the feasibility of genotype-driven tamoxifen dosing and demonstrates that doubling the tamoxifen dose can increase endoxifen concentrations in IM and PM patients."	( Genotype-guided tamoxifen dosing increases active metabolite exposure in women with reduced CYP2D6 metabolism: a multicenter study. Anderson, SM; Canale, ST; Carey, LA; Chiu, WK; Corso, SW; Dees, EC; Desta, Z; Evans, JP; Flockhart, DA; Friedman, KJ; Graham, ML; Ibrahim, JG; Irvin, WJ; McLeod, HL; Moore, SG; Ogburn, ET; Olajide, OA; Peppercorn, JM; Raab, RE; Walko, CM; Weck, KE, 2011)	0.96
" The dosage in patients with endoxifen <40 nmol/l and/or CYP2D6 MPA scores of 0 was increased to 30 mg/day and their metabolite isomers were monitored for up to 90 days."	( Increasing tamoxifen dose in breast cancer patients based on CYP2D6 genotypes and endoxifen levels: effect on active metabolite isomers and the antiestrogenic activity score. Barginear, MF; Desnick, RJ; Jaremko, M; Kasai, Y; Kemeny, M; Peter, I; Raptis, G; Yu, C, 2011)	0.76
" Rats in the acute E(2) dosing group (aE(2)) showed reduced inhibitory avoidance responses with prolong escape latencies compared to Ovx; while rats in the chronic E(2) dosing group (cE(2)) showed reduced inhibitory avoidance responses only."	( Effect of the acute and chronic estrogen on anxiety in the elevated T-maze. Daendee, S; Kalandakanond-Thongsong, S; Srikiatkhachorn, A, 2012)	0.38
" In this study, we test the effects of three dosing levels of ospemifene in both the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in the MTag."	( Ospemifene and 4-hydroxyospemifene effectively prevent and treat breast cancer in the MTag.Tg transgenic mouse model. Bell, KE; Burich, RA; DeGregorio, MW; Greenberg, BE; Griffey, SM; McCall, JL; Mehta, NR; Wurz, GT, 2012)	0.38
" Rather, we show it is required for stable entry into both the cortical and medullary TEC differentiation programmes and subsequently is needed at increasing dosage for progression through successive differentiation states in both cortical and medullary TEC."	( Foxn1 regulates lineage progression in cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells but is dispensable for medullary sublineage divergence. Blackburn, CC; Bredenkamp, N; Heussen, R; Jin, X; Nowell, CS; Sheridan, JM; Smith, AJ; Stenhouse, FH; Tetélin, S; Tischner, C; Vaidya, H, 2011)	0.37
"Tamoxifen dosage is based on the one-dose-fits-all approach."	( Tissue distribution of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen and tamoxifen-N-oxide. Aristarco, V; Decensi, A; Gandini, S; Gjerde, J; Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A; Haugan Moi, LL; Lien, EA; Mellgren, G, 2012)	2.08
" Taken together, our data suggest that establishment of a complete range of AP positional identities in the limb requires integration of the spatial distribution, timing, and dosage of GLI2 and GLI3 activators and repressors."	( Limb anterior-posterior polarity integrates activator and repressor functions of GLI2 as well as GLI3. Bao, X; Bowers, M; Eng, L; Joyner, AL; Lao, Z; Mackem, S; Riedel, E; Turnbull, RK, 2012)	0.38
" The possibility of using this method for drug discovery applications is also demonstrated through the measurement of dose-response kinetics upon induction of autophagy with rapamycin and tamoxifen."	( A novel image-based cytometry method for autophagy detection in living cells. Chan, E; Chan, LL; Kuksin, D; Lai, N; Lin, B; Patton, W; Qiu, J; Shen, D; Wilkinson, AR, 2012)	0.57
" The plasma concentrations of TOR and its N-desmethyl (NDM) and 4-hydroxy (4-OH) metabolites during steady-state dosing with TOR were also determined."	( Role and pharmacologic significance of cytochrome P-450 2D6 in oxidative metabolism of toremifene and tamoxifen. Barrett, CM; Bohl, CE; Coss, CC; Dalton, JT; He, Y; Kim, J; Li, CM; Mohler, ML; Veverka, KA, 2013)	0.61
" The estrogenic potencies of the dyes and wastewater samples were evaluated by dose-response curves and compared to the dose-response curve of 17β-estradiol (E2), the reference compound."	( Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Bartegi, A; Bazin, I; De Waard, M; Gonzalez, C; Haj Hamouda, Y; Ibn Hadj Hassine, A; Lopez-Ferber, M; Mnif, W, 2012)	0.38
" Cancer cells are highly attractive to glucose [with a nanosize bimolecular structure 1nm] as an energy source more than normal cell and nanosized therapeutics due to possessing different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic have advantageous over classical dosage forms in cancer therapy."	( Nanosized tamoxifen-porphyrin-glucose [TPG] conjugate: novel selective anti-breast-cancer agent, synthesis and in vitro evaluations. Aghasadeghi, MR; Alaei-Beirami, M; Alavidjeh, MS; Amanlou, M; Arabzadeh, AJ; Ardestani, MS; Dashtbani-Roozbehani, A; Delbaz, SA; Ebrahimi, SE; Ghorbani, M; Hajmohammadi, M; Heidari, Z; Hekmat, S; Moghaddam, HF; Sadat, SM; Saraji, AA; Siadat, SD, 2013)	0.79
" If the present rat data are extrapolated to humans, the alterations in tamoxifen absorption and metabolism should be considered in designing a dosage regimen for cancer patients with PCM and/or oral cysteine supplement."	( Effects of cysteine on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition. Choi, YH; Lee, MG; Lee, YK; Yoon, I, 2012)	0.87
" In a first series of experiments using hemizygous tamoxifen-induced genetic inactivation of a floxed γ2 genomic locus we show that reducing the gene dosage at postnatal days (P)13/14 but not P27/28 results in altered behavior in both of these tests in adulthood, reminiscent of the anxious-depressive phenotype previously described for global heterozygous mice."	( GABAergic control of critical developmental periods for anxiety- and depression-related behavior in mice. Fuchs, T; Luscher, B; Sahir, N; Shen, Q, 2012)	0.63
"Mice deficient for CELF4, a neuronal RNA-binding protein, have a complex seizure disorder that includes both convulsive and non-convulsive seizures, and is dependent upon Celf4 gene dosage and mouse strain background."	( Aberrant sodium channel activity in the complex seizure disorder of Celf4 mutant mice. Briese, M; Frankel, WN; Mahaffey, CL; Sun, W; Ule, J; Wagnon, JL, 2013)	0.39
" A series of systemic biomarkers (including lipid and insulin-like growth factor levels) and tissue biomarkers (including Ki-67) are known to be favorably affected by conventional tamoxifen dosing and have been shown to be modulated in a direction consistent with a putative anti-cancer effect."	( Oral low dose and topical tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention: modern approaches for an old drug. Decensi, A; Dunn, BK; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Khan, S; Lazzeroni, M; Lee, O; Serrano, D, 2012)	0.87
" Taken together, our study demonstrated a dose-dependent growth response to Tam in TAM-R cells, which will promote the understanding of the importance of the appropriate use and dosage of Tam in the clinic."	( Dose-dependent effect of tamoxifen in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells via stimulation by the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. Bai, E; Han, SX; Jing, GH; Li, M; Wang, LJ; Yang, AG; Zhao, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, Q, 2013)	0.69
" Our results suggest that intermittent dosing regimes of drugs that restore wild-type tumor-suppressor function onto mutant, inactive p53 proteins will prove to be more efficacious than traditional chronic dosing by similarly reducing adaptive resistance."	( Using a preclinical mouse model of high-grade astrocytoma to optimize p53 restoration therapy. Berger, MS; Evan, GI; Hanahan, D; Li, N; Lyubynska, N; Persson, AI; Rostker, F; Shchors, K; Swigart, LB; Tihan, T; Weiss, WA, 2013)	0.39
" Adenomyosis was induced in 28 female ICR mice neonatally dosed with tamoxifen, while another 12 (group C) were dosed with solvent only, which served as a blank control."	( Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces myometrial infiltration, uterine hyperactivity, and stress levels and alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice induced with adenomyosis. Chen, Y; Guo, SW; Liu, X; Zhang, H; Zhu, B, 2013)	0.62
" After tamoxifen dosing of CDX2P-CreER(T2) mice, Cre activity was detected in the distal ileal, cecal, colonic, and rectal epithelium, with selected crypt base, transit amplifying, and surface cells all capable of activating Cre function."	( Sox9 induction, ectopic Paneth cells, and mitotic spindle axis defects in mouse colon adenomatous epithelium arising from conditional biallelic Apc inactivation. Bommer, GT; Cho, KR; Fearon, ER; Feng, Y; Green, M; Sands, E; Sentani, K; Wiese, A, 2013)	0.84
" The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic role of ESR1 gene dosage in a consecutive group of breast cancer patients and to correlate this feature with clinico-pathological factors."	( Prognostic significance of ESR1 amplification and ESR1 PvuII, CYP2C19*2, UGT2B15*2 polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. Jaśkiewicz, J; Jassem, J; Markiewicz, A; Skokowski, J; Szade, J; Wełnicka-Jaśkiewicz, M; Zaczek, AJ, 2013)	0.39
"Primary tumor samples from 281 stage I-III consecutive breast cancer patients were analyzed for ESR1 gene dosage using real-time PCR with locked nucleic acids hydrolysis probes."	( Prognostic significance of ESR1 amplification and ESR1 PvuII, CYP2C19*2, UGT2B15*2 polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. Jaśkiewicz, J; Jassem, J; Markiewicz, A; Skokowski, J; Szade, J; Wełnicka-Jaśkiewicz, M; Zaczek, AJ, 2013)	0.39
" Limiting the effects of the MetS-induced estrogen action via GPER could offer new perspectives in the management of BPH/LUTS, whereas tamoxifen dosing showed potential benefits in bladder."	( Opposite effects of tamoxifen on metabolic syndrome-induced bladder and prostate alterations: a role for GPR30/GPER? Cellai, I; Comeglio, P; Corcetto, F; Corno, C; Filippi, S; Gacci, M; Maggi, M; Maneschi, E; Morelli, A; Sarchielli, E; Vannelli, GB; Vignozzi, L, 2014)	0.93
"In healthy postmenopausal women, ospemifene 60 mg/day reached steady state concentrations by Day 7 and showed minimal accumulation of parent drug or its two main metabolites, indicating that once daily dosing is appropriate."	( Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, in postmenopausal women. Koskimies, P; Lammintausta, R; Scheinin, M; Turunen, J, 2013)	0.39
" A non-monotonic dose-response on cell viability was observed when HepG2 cells were exposed to TAM alone or in the presence of CIP."	( In vitro tests aiding ecological risk assessment of ciprofloxacin, tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide in range of concentrations released in hospital wastewater and surface water. Albasi, C; Castillo, L; Faucet-Marquis, V; Geret, F; Mater, N; Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A, 2014)	0.64
" There was wide variability in tamoxifen and metabolite concentrations within the dosing groups."	( Tamoxifen dose and serum concentrations of tamoxifen and six of its metabolites in routine clinical outpatient care. Beijnen, JH; Jager, NG; Linn, SC; Rosing, H; Schellens, JH, 2014)	2.13
" Overall, there was no clinically important effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, indicating that dosing does not need to be adjusted in postmenopausal women with mild or moderate hepatic impairment or in subjects with severe renal impairment."	( The effect of renal and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of ospemifene, a tissue-selective estrogen agonist/antagonist. Graham, S; Marbury, TC; Preston, RA; Wajima, T, )	0.13
" Importantly, decreasing Mdm2 gene dosage in mouse mammary epithelial cells potentiates estrogen-dependent AKT activation owing to HPIP stabilization."	( MDM2 restrains estrogen-mediated AKT activation by promoting TBK1-dependent HPIP degradation. Bentires-Alj, M; Borgs, L; Brinkhaus, H; Chariot, A; Close, P; Göktuna, SI; Marine, JC; Nguyen, L; Olivier, F; Patrascu, F; Rammal, A; Shostak, K, 2014)	0.4
" Monkeys were given 3-4 months of chronic TAM dosing scaled to be equivalent to the daily human dose."	( Tamoxifen-DNA adduct formation in monkey and human reproductive organs. Cline, JM; Hernandez-Ramon, EE; John, K; Poirier, MC; Sandoval, NA; Wood, CE; Woodward, RA, 2014)	1.85
" These candidates were subjected to a dose-response bioactivity assay, measuring an increase in α-tubulin K40 acetylation in two neuronal cell lines, which yielded five compounds bioactive in both cell lines and eight compounds bioactive in at least one of the cell lines tested."	( Development and characterization of 3-(benzylsulfonamido)benzamides as potent and selective SIRT2 inhibitors. Choi, SH; Kazantsev, AG; Khanfar, MA; Quinti, L; Silverman, RB; Wang, H, 2014)	0.4
" The mean ovarian dysplasia score was significantly higher in the tamoxifen group whatever the dosage (p = 0."	( Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis in ovaries and fallopian tubes of tamoxifen, letrozole and clomiphene-treated rats. Chene, G; Clemenson, A; Lacoste, CR; Lecointre, R; Lima, S; Peoc'h, M; Trombert, B, 2014)	0.87
" One of the most widely studied drugs with regard to genomics-guided dosing options is the oral anticoagulant, warfarin."	( Is personalized medicine a dream or a reality? Kim, RB; Morse, BL, 2015)	0.42
" In all studied animals suffering from tumors, pharmacological tamoxifen treatment was administered, at a dosage of 2 mg/kg bodyweight."	( VEGF and 17-β-estradiol levels after tamoxifen administration in canine hepatoid gland adenomas and hepatoid gland epitheliomas. Brodzki, A; Sobczyńska-Rak, A, )	0.64
" Reduction in tamoxifen dosing allowed for maintained gene deletion without any cardiomyopathy, possibly through activation of survival signalling through the related ERK pathway."	( PI3Kα is essential for the recovery from Cre/tamoxifen cardiotoxicity and in myocardial insulin signalling but is not required for normal myocardial contractility in the adult heart. Basu, R; DesAulniers, J; Kassiri, Z; McLean, BA; Murray, AG; Oudit, GY; Parajuli, N; Patel, VB; Vanhaesebroeck, B; Zhabyeyev, P, 2015)	1.04
" Adenomyosis was induced in 28 female ICR mice neonatally dosed with tamoxifen, while another 12 (group C) were dosed with solvent only, serving as a blank control."	( Resveratrol Reduces Myometrial Infiltration, Uterine Hyperactivity, and Stress Levels and Alleviates Generalized Hyperalgesia in Mice With Induced Adenomyosis. Chen, Y; Guo, SW; Liu, X; Zhang, H; Zhu, B, 2015)	0.65
" Kinase inhibitors preferentially targeting growth of fulvestrant resistant cells were identified and the growth inhibitory effect verified by dose-response cell growth experiments."	( Aurora kinase B is important for antiestrogen resistant cell growth and a potential biomarker for tamoxifen resistant breast cancer. Bak, M; Duun-Henriksen, AK; Kirkegaard, T; Laenkholm, AV; Larsen, SL; Lykkesfeldt, AE; Rasmussen, BB; Yde, CW, 2015)	0.63
" Additional research is needed to improve the prediction of CYP2D6 activity from genetic data for individualized dosing of CYP2D6 dependent drugs."	( In vivo assessment of the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 diplotypes and alleles. Anderson, S; Carey, LA; Carrizosa, DR; Corso, S; Desta, Z; Evans, JP; Flockhart, DA; Hertz, DL; Ibrahim, JG; Irvin, WJ; Jones, DR; Magrinat, G; McLeod, HL; Moore, S; Olajide, O; Peppercorn, JM; Raab, R; Schwartz, G; Snavely, AC; Walko, CM; Weck, KE, 2015)	0.42
"The dosage effect of adjuvant treatments, cancer staging, genetic or environmental confounders associated with the risk of depressive disorders were not comprehensively evaluated."	( Adjuvant treatments of breast cancer increase the risk of depressive disorders: A population-based study. Chang, CH; Chen, SJ; Liu, CY, 2015)	0.42
" The risk of fractures decreased with an increasing dosage of tamoxifen."	( Tamoxifen use reduces the risk of osteoporotic fractures in women with breast cancer in Asia: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Chen, HT; Hsu, HC; Hwang, WL; Muo, CH; Tsai, CH; Tzeng, HE, 2015)	2.1
" Therapeutic drug monitoring seems to be the most direct and promising approach, however, further clinical research is warranted to establish the added value of individual dosing in tamoxifen treatment optimization."	( Tailored Tamoxifen Treatment for Breast Cancer Patients: A Perspective. Beijnen, JH; Jager, NG; Linn, SC; Schellens, JH, 2015)	1.03
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in mice, dosed at six different times (24-h period)."	( Circadian variation in tamoxifen pharmacokinetics in mice and breast cancer patients. Binkhorst, L; Burger, H; Chaves, I; de Bruijn, P; de Wit, AS; Hamberg, P; Jager, A; Kloth, JSL; Koch, BCP; Lam, MH; Mathijssen, RHJ; van Alphen, RJ; van der Horst, GTJ; van Gelder, T; van Schaik, RHN; Wiemer, EAC, 2015)	0.73
" ZB483 was demonstrated to be more efficacious than endoxifen in inhibiting xenograft tumor growth in mice at equal dosage but more so at lower dosage."	( Boronic prodrug of endoxifen as an effective hormone therapy for breast cancer. Miele, L; Wang, G; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2015)	0.42
"Combination therapy, which reduces the dosage intensity of the individual drugs while increasing their efficacy, is not a novel approach for the treatment of cancer."	( The combination of methylsulfonylmethane and tamoxifen inhibits the Jak2/STAT5b pathway and synergistically inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in ER-positive breast cancer xenografts. Chang, SH; Cho, BW; Darvin, P; Hwang, TS; Joung, YH; Kang, DY; Kim, DN; Kim, HS; Kim, SY; Kim, WS; Lee, HK; Park, JH; Park, KD; S P, N; Yang, YM; Yoo, YB, 2015)	0.68
"With increasing dosage of quercetin, significant decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis was observed."	( Quercetin reverses tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Chen, T; Feng, D; Kong, H; Lin, Q; Qi, K; Tao, L; Wang, H; Wei, W; Zhang, H, )	0.46
"Proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7Ca/TAM-R cells increase with increasing dosage of quercetin."	( Quercetin reverses tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Chen, T; Feng, D; Kong, H; Lin, Q; Qi, K; Tao, L; Wang, H; Wei, W; Zhang, H, )	0.46
" By optimizing the timing and dosage of tamoxifen administration, we controlled Cre expression specifically in cranial NCCs."	( Sox10ER(T2) CreER(T2) mice enable tracing of distinct neural crest cell populations. He, F; Soriano, P, 2015)	0.68
"6 mg dosing suppresses estradiol (E2) production and has proven efficacy in pre-menopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer."	( Phase 3, open-label, randomized study comparing 3-monthly with monthly goserelin in pre-menopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Isidro, J; Itoh, Y; Jesena, A; Kim, HJ; Kim, KS; Lokejaroenlarb, S; Noguchi, S; Parmar, V; Sato, N; Shin, E; Wang, HC, 2016)	0.43
" Further, ZB497 was more effective than tamoxifen at lowered dosage in inhibiting the growth of xenograft tumors in mice."	( Boronic prodrug of 4-hydroxytamoxifen is more efficacious than tamoxifen with enhanced bioavailability independent of CYP2D6 status. Miele, L; Wang, G; Zhang, C; Zhang, Q; Zheng, S; Zhong, Q, 2015)	0.98
" The drug is usually dosed 20 mg/d irrespective of interindividual variation in drug clearance."	( Pronounced Interindividual But Not Intraindividual Variation in Tamoxifen and Metabolite Levels in Plasma During Adjuvant Treatment of Women With Early Breast Cancer. Fotoohi, AK; Hatschek, T; Karim, H; Lafolie, P; Östervall, J; Pohanka, A; Vitols, S, 2016)	0.67
"Large interindividual variation of tamoxifen and endoxifen with stable intraindividual levels, and too low levels of endoxifen in a considerable proportion of patients strongly support that therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized dosing could lead to optimal exposure and hopefully better outcome."	( Pronounced Interindividual But Not Intraindividual Variation in Tamoxifen and Metabolite Levels in Plasma During Adjuvant Treatment of Women With Early Breast Cancer. Fotoohi, AK; Hatschek, T; Karim, H; Lafolie, P; Östervall, J; Pohanka, A; Vitols, S, 2016)	0.95
" The dosage of morphine was counted as defined daily dose and its effect was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression controlling age, Charlson comorbidity index, outpatient department visits, antipsychotics, and breast cancer drugs."	( Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in female breast cancer patients treated with morphine: A retrospective population-based time-dependent cohort study. Chang, YJ; Lai, SW; Lee, CW; Morisky, DE; Muo, CH; Wang, IK; Yang, SP, 2015)	0.42
" Tamoxifen, an older, nonhematotoxic medication, has limited activity in systemic mastocytosis at the dosage used in this study."	( Response of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis to tamoxifen citrate. Butterfield, JH; Chen, D, 2016)	1.59
" The treatment allowed dosing adjustments of methotrexate and capecitabine for pretreatment renal function."	( Effect of Pretreatment Renal Function on Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in the Adjuvant Treatment of Older Women With Breast Cancer: Alliance A171201, an Ancillary Study of CALGB/CTSU 49907. Cirrincione, CT; Cohen, HJ; Gralow, J; Hurria, A; Jatoi, A; Lichtman, SM; Magrinat, G; Morganstern, DE; Muss, HB; Theodoulou, M; Wolff, AC, 2016)	0.43
"Excluding from clinical trials patients with renal insufficiency but good performance status on the basis of concern of excessive hematologic toxicity or poor outcomes may not be justified with appropriate dosing modifications."	( Effect of Pretreatment Renal Function on Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in the Adjuvant Treatment of Older Women With Breast Cancer: Alliance A171201, an Ancillary Study of CALGB/CTSU 49907. Cirrincione, CT; Cohen, HJ; Gralow, J; Hurria, A; Jatoi, A; Lichtman, SM; Magrinat, G; Morganstern, DE; Muss, HB; Theodoulou, M; Wolff, AC, 2016)	0.43
" To address this, we set out to establish a safe and effective tamoxifen dosing regimen that can be used in newborn mouse pups subjected to injurious stimuli, such as exposure to elevated levels of environmental oxygen."	( Tamoxifen dosing for Cre-mediated recombination in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Ahlbrecht, K; Herold, S; Mayer, K; Morty, RE; Rodríguez-Castillo, JA; Ruiz-Camp, J; Seeger, W; Tallquist, MD; Vadász, I, 2017)	2.14
" The effects of ospemifene (OSP) on the immune response to a peptide cancer vaccine (PV) were evaluated after chronic [control (n = 22); OSP 50 mg/kg (n = 16); PV (n = 6); OSP+PV (n = 11)], intermittent [control (n = 10); OSP 10 and 50 mg/kg (n = 11); PV (n = 11); combination treatment (n = 11 each dose)] and pretreatment [control; OSP 100 mg/kg; PV 100 μg; combination treatment (n = 8 all groups)] ospemifene oral dosing schedules in a total of 317 mixed-sex tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice."	( Repurposing ospemifene for potentiating an antigen-specific immune response. DeGregorio, MW; Kao, CJ; Lin, YC; Phong, B; Vang, DP; Wurz, GT, 2017)	0.46
" The pretreatment, intermittent, and chronic dosing schedules of ospemifene activate naive T-cells, modulate antigen-induced tolerance and reduce tumor-associated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively."	( Repurposing ospemifene for potentiating an antigen-specific immune response. DeGregorio, MW; Kao, CJ; Lin, YC; Phong, B; Vang, DP; Wurz, GT, 2017)	0.46
" Therefore, in women with a uterus, it is recommended that physicians prescribe combination therapy only to treat menopausal symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) and vaginal atrophy, using the smallest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration."	( Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments for Symptoms of Menopause. Crider, M; Hill, DA; Hill, SR, 2016)	0.43
" The application of electroporation increased the uptake of tamoxifen into MCF-7 cells and reduced the minimal tamoxifen dosage which, is needed for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer."	( Effects of Electroporation on Tamoxifen Delivery in Estrogen Receptor Positive (ER+) Human Breast Carcinoma Cells. Canseven, AG; Coskun, A; Esmekaya, MA; Kayhan, H; Yagci, M, 2017)	0.99
" These results suggest that fucoidan in the studied form and dosage could be taken concomitantly with letrozole and tamoxifen without the risk of clinically significant interactions."	( The Effect of Undaria pinnatifida Fucoidan on the Pharmacokinetics of Letrozole and Tamoxifen in Patients With Breast Cancer. Fitton, JH; Lowenthal, RM; McGuinness, G; Olesen, I; Oliver, LJ; Patel, R; Peterson, GM; Shastri, M; Tocaciu, S, 2018)	0.92
" Fulvestrant use was also assessed pre- and post-2010 (when fulvestrant 500 mg dosing was approved)."	( Patient database analysis of fulvestrant 500 mg in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: A European perspective. Berger, K; Gligorov, J; Lewis, J; Maass, N; MacDougall, F; Marchetti, P; Montonen, J, 2017)	0.46
" Endoxifen steady-state fluctuations within a dosing interval were minimal (<6%)."	( Exploiting Pharmacokinetic Models of Tamoxifen and Endoxifen to Identify Factors Causing Subtherapeutic Concentrations in Breast Cancer Patients. Csajka, C; Joerger, M; Kloft, C; Klopp-Schulze, L; Parra-Guillen, ZP; Ter Heine, R; Wicha, SG, 2018)	0.75
" Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single medication dosage of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) intragastrically."	( The biochemical effects of nano tamoxifen and some bioactive components in experimental breast cancer. Abd El Azeem, AS; Abdelhamid, AO; El Awady, MK; Ezzat, A; Mohammed, DM, 2017)	0.74
" Integration of clinician and genetic variables into individualized tamoxifen dosing algorithms would marginally improve their accuracy and potentially enhance tamoxifen treatment outcomes."	( Comprehensive assessment of cytochromes P450 and transporter genetics with endoxifen concentration during tamoxifen treatment. Carey, LA; Danko, W; Deal, AM; Desta, Z; Hertz, DL; Ibrahim, JG; Irvin, WJ; Jones, DR; Marcath, LA; McLeod, HL; Van Wieren, E; Walko, CM; Weck, KE, 2017)	0.9
"There is growing need to develop efficient methods for early-stage drug discovery, continuous manufacturing of drug delivery vehicles, and ultra-precise dosing of high potency drugs."	( Printing of small molecular medicines from the vapor phase. Amidon, GE; Clarke, R; Fleck, E; Jones, CM; Mazzara, JM; Mehta, G; Raghavan, S; Rockwell, C; Schwendeman, A; Senabulya, N; Shalev, O; Shtein, M; Simopoulos, N; Sinko, PD, 2017)	0.46
" Sex-related differential effects of the drugs call for a careful consideration for the drug and dosage selection in male and female patient populations."	( Long-Term Treatment of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene Alleviates Dystrophic Phenotype and Enhances Muscle Functions of FKRP Dystroglycanopathy. Blaeser, A; Bollinger, LE; Harper, AD; Lu, P; Lu, QL; Shah, SN; Sparks, S; Wu, B, 2018)	0.79
"The Tamoxifen Response by CYP2D6 Genotype-based Treatment-1 (TARGET-1) study (n = 180) was conducted from 2012-2017 in Japan to determine the efficacy of tamoxifen dosing guided by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotypes."	( Application of PBPK Modeling and Virtual Clinical Study Approaches to Predict the Outcomes of CYP2D6 Genotype-Guided Dosing of Tamoxifen. Imamura, CK; Lee, W; Nakamura, T; Sugiyama, Y; Tanigawara, Y; Toshimoto, K, 2018)	1.24
" Such a preparation was incubated in vitro with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, showing a decrease in the TAM dosage for the reduction of cell viability."	( Insights on the transport of tamoxifen by gold nanoparticles for MCF-7 breast cancer cells based on SERS spectroscopy. Costa, LAS; Lataliza, AAB; Raposo, NRB; Sant'Ana, AC; Teixeira, RAR, 2018)	0.77
" Structure-based modification of mifepristone led to the discovery of ORIC-101 (28), a highly potent steroidal GR antagonist with reduced androgen receptor (AR) agonistic activity amenable for dosing in androgen receptor positive tumors and with improved CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inhibition profile to minimize drug-drug interaction potential."	( Discovery of a Potent and Selective Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (ORIC-101). Chen, C; Du, X; Eksterowicz, J; Fantin, VR; Huang, E; Huang, T; Jackson, E; Jahchan, N; Kawai, H; McGee, LR; Medina, JC; Rew, Y; Sun, D; Sutimantanapi, D; Waszczuk, J; Yan, X; Ye, Q; Zavorotinskaya, T; Zhou, H; Zhu, L, 2018)	0.48
"6 mg/mL JEKHT reversed their TAM resistance in dose-response studies in vitro."	( Effects of Jaeumkanghwa-tang on tamoxifen responsiveness in preclinical ER+ breast cancer model. Carney, E; Clarke, R; De Oliveira Andrade, F; FitzGerald, K; Hilakivi-Clarke, L; Hu, R; Yu, W; Zhang, X, 2019)	0.8
" In contrast, this dosage of tamoxifen did not induce noticeable changes in the energy metabolism and thermogenesis of adipose tissue in male mice under room temperature."	( Even a low dose of tamoxifen profoundly induces adipose tissue browning in female mice. de Avila, JM; Du, M; Gomez, NA; Wang, B; Zhao, L; Zhu, MJ, 2020)	1.18
" In conclusion, clinicians should carefully set the dosage of chemotherapy drugs to avoid the long-term side effects associated with such drugs."	( A diffuse large B cell lymphoma emerging with breast cancer relapse. Altindal, S; Dogu, MH; Huq, G; Karismaz, A; Suyani, E; Yokus, O, 2018)	0.48
" Identification of risk factors for relapse can be useful not only to modulate the choice, the dosage of first-line treatment and the duration of maintenance therapy but also for preventing a progressive loss of kidney function, as well."	( Risk factors for relapse and long-term outcome of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Barsotti, S; Capecchi, R; Cupisti, A; Francesca Egidi, M; Gaetano Tavoni, A; Giannese, D; Morganti, R; Moriconi, D; Orsitto, E, 2019)	0.51
" There was little to no vaginal or systemic accumulation of tamoxifen following once-daily dosing for 28 days."	( Vaginal tamoxifen for treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy: Pharmacokinetics and local tolerance in a rabbit model over 28 days. Chollet, J; Friend, DR; Mermelstein, F; Rocamboli, SC, 2019)	1.19
" MATERIAL AND METHODS Using an Achilles tendon trauma-induced HO female mice model, we screened different doses of tamoxifen (1, 3, and 9 mg/kg) in mice to determine the optimal dosage on the inhibition of the HO formation."	( Tamoxifen Inhibits the Progression of Trauma-Induced Heterotopic Ossification in Mice. Li, F; Mao, D; Mi, J; Pan, X; Rui, Y, 2019)	2.17
" As results, quercetin showed contrasting dose-response to cellular behaviors dependent on the ROS-regulated p53 signaling pathways."	( Quercetin exerts bidirectional regulation effects on the efficacy of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer therapy: An in vitro study. Huang, B; Pan, X; Xia, X; Xu, Z; Zhao, D; Zheng, X, 2020)	0.79
" The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of daily dosing of mirtazapine on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization in naive female rats compared to male rats."	( Mirtazapine reduces the expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in male and female Wistar rats. Barbosa-Méndez, S; Osorio-Santiago, KL; Salazar-Juárez, A, 2020)	0.56
"Male and female Wistar rats were daily dosed with 10 mg/kg of cocaine."	( Mirtazapine reduces the expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization in male and female Wistar rats. Barbosa-Méndez, S; Osorio-Santiago, KL; Salazar-Juárez, A, 2020)	0.56
" However, there remains a lack of consensus on the optimal route and dosage of TAM administration in vivo."	( Optimization of tamoxifen-induced Cre activity and its effect on immune cell populations. Chung, H; Creusot, RJ; Donocoff, RS; Shoulson, R; Teteloshvili, N, 2020)	0.9
" Tamoxifen treatment duration longer than 1500 days or with cumulative dosage higher than 26 320 mg have especially lowered risk of meningioma."	( Tamoxifen prevention of meningioma and its proposal for the treatment of meningioma. Revisiting old data in the light of recent epidemiological observations. Altinoz, MA, 2021)	2.97
" There is insufficient evidence at present to recommend tailoring adjuvant endocrine therapy with use of specific AIs or for dosing modifications of AIs in this patient population."	( Impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a systematic review. Pezo, RC; Shirdarreh, M, 2021)	0.62
" Importantly, the result indicated that the low dosage does not induce significant systemic recombination in remote skeletal tissues."	( Activation of creER recombinase in the mouse calvaria induces local recombination without effects on distant skeletal segments. Hou, J; Intini, G; Lin, CP, 2021)	0.62
" She experienced severe tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia several months after dosing tamoxifen."	( A case of tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia monitoring the changes in lipoprotein fractions over time. Isobe, H; Kaku, K; Kan, Y; Kaneto, H; Katakura, Y; Kimura, T; Kohara, K; Mune, T; Nakanishi, S; Obata, A; Shimoda, M; Tatsumi, F, 2021)	1.33
" It is very important to evaluate the balance between benefit and risk before dosing tamoxifen and survey lipid profiles constantly during treatment to avoid life-threatening complication when prescription of tamoxifen is planned."	( A case of tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia monitoring the changes in lipoprotein fractions over time. Isobe, H; Kaku, K; Kan, Y; Kaneto, H; Katakura, Y; Kimura, T; Kohara, K; Mune, T; Nakanishi, S; Obata, A; Shimoda, M; Tatsumi, F, 2021)	1.25
", changing morning dosing to evening dosing or vice versa) can reduce side effects."	( Does the Time of Day at Which Endocrine Therapy Is Taken Affect Breast Cancer Patient Outcomes? Beltran-Bless, AA; Clemons, M; Hutton, B; Ibrahim, MFK; Savard, MF; Shorr, R; Vandermeer, L, 2021)	0.62
" A significant limitation of fulvestrant is the dosing regimen required for efficacy."	( Discovery of GNE-502 as an orally bioavailable and potent degrader for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Blake, RA; Chang, J; Friedman, L; Goodacre, S; Hartman, SJ; Kiefer, JR; Kleinheinz, T; Labadie, S; Lai, T; Li, J; Liang, J; Liao, J; McLean, N; Metcalfe, C; Mody, V; Nannini, M; Ortwine, DF; Ran, Y; Ray, N; Rei Ingalla, E; Roussel, F; Sambrone, A; Sampath, D; Vinogradova, M; Wai, J; Wang, T; Wang, X; Yeap, K; Zbieg, JR; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhong, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Adenomyosis mice were given berberine by intraperitoneal injection with the dosage of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, at 17 weeks after birth."	( Berberine attenuates hyperalgesia in mice with adenomyosis. Chen, Y; Guo, M; Huang, L; Lin, T; Lu, Y; Pan, Q; Shen, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zhu, B, 2022)	0.72
" For radiotherapy risks, searches for dose-response relationships and modern organ doses were also undertaken."	( Adjuvant and neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments: A systematic review of their effects on mortality. Darby, SC; Dodwell, D; Duane, F; Holt, F; Kerr, AJ; Mannu, G; McGale, P; Taylor, CW, 2022)	0.72
"Tamoxifen is prescribed for chronic mastalgia at a dosage of one 10- or 20-mg tablet for 3-6 months."	( Tamoxifen in Mastalgia: A Meta-Analysis. Asharaf, AA; Barman, A; Jha, AK; Sahu, S; Sinha, MK, 2022)	3.61
" Our purpose was to develop a prediction model for endoxifen concentrations, as a strategy to individualize tamoxifen treatment by model-informed dosing in order to prevent subtherapeutic exposure (endoxifen < 16 nmol/L) and thus potential failure of therapy."	( Factors affecting inter-individual variability in endoxifen concentrations in patients with breast cancer: results from the prospective TOTAM trial. Abrams, S; Braal, CL; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mulder, TAM; van Schaik, RHN; Westenberg, JD, 2022)	0.93
" The remaining unexplained inter-individual variability is still high and therefore model-informed tamoxifen dosing should be accompanied by therapeutic drug monitoring."	( Factors affecting inter-individual variability in endoxifen concentrations in patients with breast cancer: results from the prospective TOTAM trial. Abrams, S; Braal, CL; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mulder, TAM; van Schaik, RHN; Westenberg, JD, 2022)	0.94
" Oral dosing of ENDX resulted in substantially higher ENDX concentrations than a similar dose of TAM."	( Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Endoxifen in Female Rats and Dogs: Evidence to Support the Use of Endoxifen to Overcome the Limitations of CYP2D6-Mediated Tamoxifen Metabolism. Ames, MM; Buhrow, SA; Goetz, MP; Jia, L; Koubek, EJ; Reid, JM; Safgren, SL, 2023)	1.11
" Our aim is to develop a population pharmacokinetic (POP-PK) model incorporating a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale to support model informed precision dosing (MIPD) of tamoxifen to determine the optimal tamoxifen starting dose."	( Toward model-informed precision dosing for tamoxifen: A population-pharmacokinetic model with a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale. Agema, BC; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koch, BCP; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mürdter, TE; Sassen, SDT; Schwab, M; van Schaik, RHN, 2023)	1.37
" Thereafter, dosing cut-off values for MIPD were determined."	( Toward model-informed precision dosing for tamoxifen: A population-pharmacokinetic model with a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale. Agema, BC; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koch, BCP; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mürdter, TE; Sassen, SDT; Schwab, M; van Schaik, RHN, 2023)	1.17
" After external validation and determination of dosing cut-off points, MIPD could reduce the proportion of patients with subtherapeutic endoxifen levels at from 22."	( Toward model-informed precision dosing for tamoxifen: A population-pharmacokinetic model with a continuous CYP2D6 activity scale. Agema, BC; Buijs, SM; Jager, A; Koch, BCP; Koolen, SLW; Mathijssen, RHJ; Mürdter, TE; Sassen, SDT; Schwab, M; van Schaik, RHN, 2023)	1.17
" Linear dose-response model indicated a direct significant association between dose and duration use of tamoxifen and EC (dose: exe(b) = 1."	( Tamoxifen use and risk of endometrial cancer in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Akbari, A; Akbari, ME; Amin Amlashi, M; Ardehali, SH; Barragan-Carrillo, R; Chavarri-Guerra, Y; Ghanavati, M; Javid, Z; Khorshidi, Y; Rahmani, J; Shadnoush, M, 2023)	2.57
" Our findings give new insights which may influence future dosing strategies of tamoxifen in both the adjuvant and preventive settings."	( Side effects of low-dose tamoxifen: results from a six-armed randomised controlled trial in healthy women. Bäcklund, M; Bergqvist, J; Borgquist, S; Crippa, A; Czene, K; Discacciati, A; Eklund, M; Eriksson, M; Gabrielson, M; Hall, P; Hammarström, M; Lundholm, C; Tapia, J; Wengström, Y, 2023)	1.44
" This review aimed to optimize tamoxifen administration regimens including its dosage and duration, to identify an optimal induction strategy that minimizes potential side effects while maintaining recombination efficacy."	( A review of tamoxifen administration regimen optimization for Cre/loxp system in mouse bone study. Bai, MR; Chen, MY; Chu, WL; Zhang, DM; Zhao, FL, 2023)	1.58