An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| 6-o-monoacetylmorphine | | 6-Acetylmorphine |
| beta-funaltrexamine | | beta-Funaltrexamine |
| buprenorphine | A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain. | buprenorphine |
| butorphanol | Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | butorphanol |
| codeine | A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties. | codeine |
| codeine-6-glucuronide | | Codeine-6-glucuronide |
| desomorphine | | desomorphine |
| dextrorphan | | dextrorphan |
| dihydrocodeine | | dihydrocodeine |
| dihydromorphine | | Dihydromorphine |
| dimemorfan | | dimemorfan |
| diprenorphine | | Diprenorphine |
| ethylmorphine | | Ethylmorphine |
| etorphine | | etorphine |
| heroin | A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. | heroin |
| hydromorphone | A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. | hydromorphone |
| levallorphan | | Levallorphan |
| levorphanol | | Levorphanol |
| LSM-1535 | | LSM-1535 |
| metopon | | metopon |
| morphinans | | morphinan |
| morphine | A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy). | morphine |
| morphine-3-glucuronide | | Morphine-3-glucuronide |
| morphine-6-glucuronide | | Morphine-6-glucuronide |
| morphinone | | morphinone |
| nalmefene | | Nalmefene |
| nalorphine | | Nalorphine |
| naloxone | A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | naloxone |
| naltrindole benzofuran | | naltriben |
| neopine | A morphinane alkaloid that is the Delta(8,14) isomer of codeine. It is a minor constituent in opium from Papaver somniferum. | neopine |
| nicomorphine | | nicomorphine |
| norcodeine | A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine. | norcodeine |
| normorphine | | Normorphine |
| oripavine | A morphinane alkaloid with formula C18H19NO3. It is the major metabolite of thebaine. | oripavine |
| oxymorphone | | Oxymorphone |
| pholcodine | A morphinane alkaloid that is a derivative of morphine with a 2-morpholinoethyl group at the 3-position. | pholcodine |
| pseudomorphine | | y-Morphine |
| racemethorphan | An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11. | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene |
| salutaridine | A morphinane alkaloid from the opium poppy, in which the 5,6,8,14-tetradehydromorphinan-7-one skeleton is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxyl group, positions 3 and 6 by methoxy groups and position N17 by a methyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine. | salutaridine |
| sinomenine | | Sinomenine |
| thebaine | | thebaine |